<!-- Thank you for your contribution! -->
<!-- Unless your change is trivial, please create an issue to discuss the change before creating a PR -->

## Change Summary

This PR fixes #7840: now different specifications of a generic TypeAliasType produce different definitions in pydantic schema which prevents "overwrites" of other specifications with the same origin.

## Related issue number

<!-- WARNING: please use "fix #123" style references so the issue is closed when this PR is merged. -->
* Fix #7840 

## Checklist

* [x] The pull request title is a good summary of the changes - it will be used in the changelog
* [x] Unit tests for the changes exist
* [x] Tests pass on CI
* [x] Documentation reflects the changes where applicable
* [x] My PR is ready to review, **please add a comment including the phrase "please review" to assign reviewers**


Selected Reviewer: @sydney-runkle
Make generic TypeAliasType specifications produce different schema definitions. <!-- Thank you for your contribution! -->
<!-- Unless your change is trivial, please create an issue to discuss the change before creating a PR -->

## Change Summary

This PR fixes #7840: now different specifications of a generic TypeAliasType produce different definitions in pydantic schema which prevents "overwrites" of other specifications with the same origin.

## Related issue number

<!-- WARNING: please use "fix #123" style references so the issue is closed when this PR is merged. -->
* Fix #7840 

## Checklist

* [x] The pull request title is a good summary of the changes - it will be used in the changelog
* [x] Unit tests for the changes exist
* [x] Tests pass on CI
* [x] Documentation reflects the changes where applicable
* [x] My PR is ready to review, **please add a comment including the phrase "please review" to assign reviewers**


Selected Reviewer: @sydney-runkle
"""
Test pydantic's compliance with mypy.

Do a little skipping about with types to demonstrate its usage.
"""
import os
from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
from pathlib import Path, PurePath
from typing import Any, Dict, ForwardRef, Generic, List, Optional, Type, TypeVar
from uuid import UUID

from typing_extensions import Annotated, TypedDict

from pydantic import (
    UUID1,
    AwareDatetime,
    BaseModel,
    ConfigDict,
    DirectoryPath,
    FilePath,
    FutureDate,
    FutureDatetime,
    ImportString,
    Json,
    NaiveDatetime,
    NegativeFloat,
    NegativeInt,
    NonNegativeFloat,
    NonNegativeInt,
    NonPositiveFloat,
    NonPositiveInt,
    PastDate,
    PastDatetime,
    PositiveFloat,
    PositiveInt,
    StrictBool,
    StrictBytes,
    StrictFloat,
    StrictInt,
    StrictStr,
    UrlConstraints,
    WrapValidator,
    create_model,
    field_validator,
    root_validator,
    validate_call,
)
from pydantic.fields import Field, PrivateAttr
from pydantic.json_schema import Examples
from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl


class Flags(BaseModel):
    strict_bool: StrictBool = False

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return f'flag={self.strict_bool}'


class Model(BaseModel):
    age: int
    first_name: str = 'John'
    last_name: Optional[str] = None
    signup_ts: Optional[datetime] = None
    list_of_ints: List[int]

    @field_validator('age')
    def check_age(cls, value: int) -> int:
        assert value < 100, 'too old'
        return value

    @root_validator(skip_on_failure=True)
    def root_check(cls, values: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return values

    @root_validator(pre=True, allow_reuse=False)
    def pre_root_check(cls, values: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return values


def dog_years(age: int) -> int:
    return age * 7


def day_of_week(dt: datetime) -> int:
    return dt.date().isoweekday()


m = Model(age=21, list_of_ints=[1, 2, 3])

assert m.age == 21, m.age
m.age = 42
assert m.age == 42, m.age
assert m.first_name == 'John', m.first_name
assert m.last_name is None, m.last_name
assert m.list_of_ints == [1, 2, 3], m.list_of_ints

dog_age = dog_years(m.age)
assert dog_age == 294, dog_age


Model(age=2, first_name='Woof', last_name='Woof', signup_ts=datetime(2017, 6, 7), list_of_ints=[1, 2, 3])
m = Model.model_validate(
    {
        'age': 2,
        'first_name': b'Woof',
        'last_name': b'Woof',
        'signup_ts': '2017-06-07 00:00',
        'list_of_ints': [1, '2', b'3'],
    }
)

assert m.first_name == 'Woof', m.first_name
assert m.last_name == 'Woof', m.last_name
assert m.signup_ts == datetime(2017, 6, 7), m.signup_ts
assert day_of_week(m.signup_ts) == 3


data = {'age': 10, 'first_name': 'Alena', 'last_name': 'Sousova', 'list_of_ints': [410]}
m_from_obj = Model.model_validate(data)

assert isinstance(m_from_obj, Model)
assert m_from_obj.age == 10
assert m_from_obj.first_name == data['first_name']
assert m_from_obj.last_name == data['last_name']
assert m_from_obj.list_of_ints == data['list_of_ints']

m_copy = m_from_obj.model_copy()

assert isinstance(m_copy, Model)
assert m_copy.age == m_from_obj.age
assert m_copy.first_name == m_from_obj.first_name
assert m_copy.last_name == m_from_obj.last_name
assert m_copy.list_of_ints == m_from_obj.list_of_ints


T = TypeVar('T')


class WrapperModel(BaseModel, Generic[T]):
    payload: T


int_instance = WrapperModel[int](payload=1)
int_instance.payload += 1
assert int_instance.payload == 2

str_instance = WrapperModel[str](payload='a')
str_instance.payload += 'a'
assert str_instance.payload == 'aa'

model_instance = WrapperModel[Model](payload=m)
model_instance.payload.list_of_ints.append(4)
assert model_instance.payload.list_of_ints == [1, 2, 3, 4]


class WithField(BaseModel):
    age: int
    first_name: str = Field('John', max_length=42)


# simple decorator
@validate_call
def foo(a: int, *, c: str = 'x') -> str:
    return c * a


foo(1, c='thing')
foo(1)


# nested decorator should not produce an error
@validate_call(config={'arbitrary_types_allowed': True})
def bar(a: int, *, c: str = 'x') -> str:
    return c * a


bar(1, c='thing')
bar(1)


class Foo(BaseModel):
    a: int


FooRef = ForwardRef('Foo')


class MyConf(BaseModel):
    str_pyobject: ImportString[Type[date]] = Field(...)
    callable_pyobject: ImportString[Type[date]] = Field(default=date)


conf = MyConf(str_pyobject='datetime.date')
var1: date = conf.str_pyobject(2020, 12, 20)
var2: date = conf.callable_pyobject(2111, 1, 1)


class MyPrivateAttr(BaseModel):
    _private_field: str = PrivateAttr()


class PydanticTypes(BaseModel):
    model_config = ConfigDict(validate_default=True)

    # Boolean
    my_strict_bool: StrictBool = True
    # Integer
    my_positive_int: PositiveInt = 1
    my_negative_int: NegativeInt = -1
    my_non_positive_int: NonPositiveInt = -1
    my_non_negative_int: NonNegativeInt = 1
    my_strict_int: StrictInt = 1
    # Float
    my_positive_float: PositiveFloat = 1.1
    my_negative_float: NegativeFloat = -1.1
    my_non_positive_float: NonPositiveFloat = -1.1
    my_non_negative_float: NonNegativeFloat = 1.1
    my_strict_float: StrictFloat = 1.1
    # Bytes
    my_strict_bytes: StrictBytes = b'pika'
    # String
    my_strict_str: StrictStr = 'pika'
    # ImportString
    import_string_str: ImportString[Any] = 'datetime.date'  # type: ignore[misc]
# MYPY: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment
    import_string_callable: ImportString[Any] = date
    # UUID
    my_uuid1: UUID1 = UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
    my_uuid1_str: UUID1 = 'a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e'
# MYPY: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "UUID")  [assignment]
    # Path
    my_file_path: FilePath = Path(__file__)
    my_file_path_str: FilePath = __file__
# MYPY: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "Path")  [assignment]
    my_dir_path: DirectoryPath = Path('.')
    my_dir_path_str: DirectoryPath = '.'
# MYPY: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "Path")  [assignment]
    # Json
    my_json: Json[Dict[str, str]] = '{"hello": "world"}'
# MYPY: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "Dict[str, str]")  [assignment]
    my_json_list: Json[List[str]] = '["hello", "world"]'
# MYPY: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "List[str]")  [assignment]
    # Date
    my_past_date: PastDate = date.today() - timedelta(1)
    my_future_date: FutureDate = date.today() + timedelta(1)
    # Datetime
    my_past_datetime: PastDatetime = datetime.now() - timedelta(1)
    my_future_datetime: FutureDatetime = datetime.now() + timedelta(1)
    my_aware_datetime: AwareDatetime = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
    my_naive_datetime: NaiveDatetime = datetime.now()


validated = PydanticTypes()
validated.import_string_str(2021, 1, 1)
validated.import_string_callable(2021, 1, 1)
validated.my_uuid1.hex
validated.my_file_path.absolute()
validated.my_file_path_str.absolute()
validated.my_dir_path.absolute()
validated.my_dir_path_str.absolute()
validated.my_json['hello'].capitalize()
validated.my_json_list[0].capitalize()


class UrlModel(BaseModel):
    x: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['http'])] = Field(default=None)
    y: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['http'])] = Field(default=None)
    z: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['s3', 's3n', 's3a'])] = Field(default=None)


url_model = UrlModel(x='http://example.com')
assert url_model.x.host == 'example.com'


class SomeDict(TypedDict):
    val: int
    name: str


obj: SomeDict = {
    'val': 12,
    'name': 'John',
}


config = ConfigDict(title='Record', extra='ignore', str_max_length=1234)


class CustomPath(PurePath):
    def __init__(self, *args: str):
        self.path = os.path.join(*args)

    def __fspath__(self) -> str:
        return f'a/custom/{self.path}'


DynamicModel = create_model('DynamicModel')

examples = Examples({})


def double(value: Any, handler: Any) -> int:
    return handler(value) * 2


class WrapValidatorModel(BaseModel):
    x: Annotated[int, WrapValidator(double)]

"""
Test pydantic's compliance with mypy.

Do a little skipping about with types to demonstrate its usage.
"""
import os
from datetime import date, datetime, timedelta, timezone
from pathlib import Path, PurePath
from typing import Any, Dict, ForwardRef, Generic, List, Optional, Type, TypeVar
from uuid import UUID

from typing_extensions import Annotated, TypedDict

from pydantic import (
    UUID1,
    AwareDatetime,
    BaseModel,
    ConfigDict,
    DirectoryPath,
    FilePath,
    FutureDate,
    FutureDatetime,
    ImportString,
    Json,
    NaiveDatetime,
    NegativeFloat,
    NegativeInt,
    NonNegativeFloat,
    NonNegativeInt,
    NonPositiveFloat,
    NonPositiveInt,
    PastDate,
    PastDatetime,
    PositiveFloat,
    PositiveInt,
    StrictBool,
    StrictBytes,
    StrictFloat,
    StrictInt,
    StrictStr,
    UrlConstraints,
    WrapValidator,
    create_model,
    field_validator,
    root_validator,
    validate_call,
)
from pydantic.fields import Field, PrivateAttr
from pydantic.json_schema import Examples
from pydantic.networks import AnyUrl


class Flags(BaseModel):
    strict_bool: StrictBool = False

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return f'flag={self.strict_bool}'


class Model(BaseModel):
    age: int
    first_name: str = 'John'
    last_name: Optional[str] = None
    signup_ts: Optional[datetime] = None
    list_of_ints: List[int]

    @field_validator('age')
    def check_age(cls, value: int) -> int:
        assert value < 100, 'too old'
        return value

    @root_validator(skip_on_failure=True)
    def root_check(cls, values: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return values

    @root_validator(pre=True, allow_reuse=False)
    def pre_root_check(cls, values: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return values


def dog_years(age: int) -> int:
    return age * 7


def day_of_week(dt: datetime) -> int:
    return dt.date().isoweekday()


m = Model(age=21, list_of_ints=[1, 2, 3])

assert m.age == 21, m.age
m.age = 42
assert m.age == 42, m.age
assert m.first_name == 'John', m.first_name
assert m.last_name is None, m.last_name
assert m.list_of_ints == [1, 2, 3], m.list_of_ints

dog_age = dog_years(m.age)
assert dog_age == 294, dog_age


Model(age=2, first_name='Woof', last_name='Woof', signup_ts=datetime(2017, 6, 7), list_of_ints=[1, 2, 3])
m = Model.model_validate(
    {
        'age': 2,
        'first_name': b'Woof',
        'last_name': b'Woof',
        'signup_ts': '2017-06-07 00:00',
        'list_of_ints': [1, '2', b'3'],
    }
)

assert m.first_name == 'Woof', m.first_name
assert m.last_name == 'Woof', m.last_name
assert m.signup_ts == datetime(2017, 6, 7), m.signup_ts
assert day_of_week(m.signup_ts) == 3


data = {'age': 10, 'first_name': 'Alena', 'last_name': 'Sousova', 'list_of_ints': [410]}
m_from_obj = Model.model_validate(data)

assert isinstance(m_from_obj, Model)
assert m_from_obj.age == 10
assert m_from_obj.first_name == data['first_name']
assert m_from_obj.last_name == data['last_name']
assert m_from_obj.list_of_ints == data['list_of_ints']

m_copy = m_from_obj.model_copy()

assert isinstance(m_copy, Model)
assert m_copy.age == m_from_obj.age
assert m_copy.first_name == m_from_obj.first_name
assert m_copy.last_name == m_from_obj.last_name
assert m_copy.list_of_ints == m_from_obj.list_of_ints


T = TypeVar('T')


class WrapperModel(BaseModel, Generic[T]):
    payload: T


int_instance = WrapperModel[int](payload=1)
int_instance.payload += 1
assert int_instance.payload == 2

str_instance = WrapperModel[str](payload='a')
str_instance.payload += 'a'
assert str_instance.payload == 'aa'

model_instance = WrapperModel[Model](payload=m)
model_instance.payload.list_of_ints.append(4)
assert model_instance.payload.list_of_ints == [1, 2, 3, 4]


class WithField(BaseModel):
    age: int
    first_name: str = Field('John', max_length=42)


# simple decorator
@validate_call
def foo(a: int, *, c: str = 'x') -> str:
    return c * a


foo(1, c='thing')
foo(1)


# nested decorator should not produce an error
@validate_call(config={'arbitrary_types_allowed': True})
def bar(a: int, *, c: str = 'x') -> str:
    return c * a


bar(1, c='thing')
bar(1)


class Foo(BaseModel):
    a: int


FooRef = ForwardRef('Foo')


class MyConf(BaseModel):
    str_pyobject: ImportString[Type[date]] = Field(...)
    callable_pyobject: ImportString[Type[date]] = Field(default=date)


conf = MyConf(str_pyobject='datetime.date')
var1: date = conf.str_pyobject(2020, 12, 20)
var2: date = conf.callable_pyobject(2111, 1, 1)


class MyPrivateAttr(BaseModel):
    _private_field: str = PrivateAttr()


class PydanticTypes(BaseModel):
    model_config = ConfigDict(validate_default=True)

    # Boolean
    my_strict_bool: StrictBool = True
    # Integer
    my_positive_int: PositiveInt = 1
    my_negative_int: NegativeInt = -1
    my_non_positive_int: NonPositiveInt = -1
    my_non_negative_int: NonNegativeInt = 1
    my_strict_int: StrictInt = 1
    # Float
    my_positive_float: PositiveFloat = 1.1
    my_negative_float: NegativeFloat = -1.1
    my_non_positive_float: NonPositiveFloat = -1.1
    my_non_negative_float: NonNegativeFloat = 1.1
    my_strict_float: StrictFloat = 1.1
    # Bytes
    my_strict_bytes: StrictBytes = b'pika'
    # String
    my_strict_str: StrictStr = 'pika'
    # ImportString
    import_string_str: ImportString[Any] = 'datetime.date'  # type: ignore[misc]
# MYPY: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment
    import_string_callable: ImportString[Any] = date
    # UUID
    my_uuid1: UUID1 = UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
    my_uuid1_str: UUID1 = 'a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e'
# MYPY: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "UUID")  [assignment]
    # Path
    my_file_path: FilePath = Path(__file__)
    my_file_path_str: FilePath = __file__
# MYPY: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "Path")  [assignment]
    my_dir_path: DirectoryPath = Path('.')
    my_dir_path_str: DirectoryPath = '.'
# MYPY: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "Path")  [assignment]
    # Json
    my_json: Json[Dict[str, str]] = '{"hello": "world"}'
# MYPY: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "Dict[str, str]")  [assignment]
    my_json_list: Json[List[str]] = '["hello", "world"]'
# MYPY: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "str", variable has type "List[str]")  [assignment]
    # Date
    my_past_date: PastDate = date.today() - timedelta(1)
    my_future_date: FutureDate = date.today() + timedelta(1)
    # Datetime
    my_past_datetime: PastDatetime = datetime.now() - timedelta(1)
    my_future_datetime: FutureDatetime = datetime.now() + timedelta(1)
    my_aware_datetime: AwareDatetime = datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc)
    my_naive_datetime: NaiveDatetime = datetime.now()


validated = PydanticTypes()
validated.import_string_str(2021, 1, 1)
validated.import_string_callable(2021, 1, 1)
validated.my_uuid1.hex
validated.my_file_path.absolute()
validated.my_file_path_str.absolute()
validated.my_dir_path.absolute()
validated.my_dir_path_str.absolute()
validated.my_json['hello'].capitalize()
validated.my_json_list[0].capitalize()


class UrlModel(BaseModel):
    x: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['http'])] = Field(default=None)
    y: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['http'])] = Field(default=None)
    z: Annotated[AnyUrl, UrlConstraints(allowed_schemes=['s3', 's3n', 's3a'])] = Field(default=None)


url_model = UrlModel(x='http://example.com')
assert url_model.x.host == 'example.com'


class SomeDict(TypedDict):
    val: int
    name: str


obj: SomeDict = {
    'val': 12,
    'name': 'John',
}


config = ConfigDict(title='Record', extra='ignore', str_max_length=1234)


class CustomPath(PurePath):
    def __init__(self, *args: str):
        self.path = os.path.join(*args)

    def __fspath__(self) -> str:
        return f'a/custom/{self.path}'


DynamicModel = create_model('DynamicModel')

examples = Examples({})


def double(value: Any, handler: Any) -> int:
    return handler(value) * 2


class WrapValidatorModel(BaseModel):
    x: Annotated[int, WrapValidator(double)]
