Bumps [actions/checkout](https://github.com/actions/checkout) from 3 to 4.
<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases">actions/checkout's releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>v4.0.0</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Update default runtime to node20 by <a href="https://github.com/takost"><code>@​takost</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1436">actions/checkout#1436</a></li>
<li>Support fetching without the --progress option by <a href="https://github.com/simonbaird"><code>@​simonbaird</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1067">actions/checkout#1067</a></li>
<li>Release 4.0.0 by <a href="https://github.com/takost"><code>@​takost</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1447">actions/checkout#1447</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>New Contributors</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/takost"><code>@​takost</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1436">actions/checkout#1436</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/simonbaird"><code>@​simonbaird</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1067">actions/checkout#1067</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v4.0.0">https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v4.0.0</a></p>
<h2>v3.6.0</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Mark test scripts with Bash'isms to be run via Bash by <a href="https://github.com/dscho"><code>@​dscho</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1377">actions/checkout#1377</a></li>
<li>Add option to fetch tags even if fetch-depth &gt; 0 by <a href="https://github.com/RobertWieczoreck"><code>@​RobertWieczoreck</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/579">actions/checkout#579</a></li>
<li>Release 3.6.0 by <a href="https://github.com/luketomlinson"><code>@​luketomlinson</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1437">actions/checkout#1437</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>New Contributors</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/RobertWieczoreck"><code>@​RobertWieczoreck</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/579">actions/checkout#579</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/luketomlinson"><code>@​luketomlinson</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1437">actions/checkout#1437</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3.5.3...v3.6.0">https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3.5.3...v3.6.0</a></p>
<h2>v3.5.3</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fix: Checkout Issue in self hosted runner due to faulty submodule check-ins by <a href="https://github.com/megamanics"><code>@​megamanics</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1196">actions/checkout#1196</a></li>
<li>Fix typos found by codespell by <a href="https://github.com/DimitriPapadopoulos"><code>@​DimitriPapadopoulos</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1287">actions/checkout#1287</a></li>
<li>Add support for sparse checkouts by <a href="https://github.com/dscho"><code>@​dscho</code></a> and <a href="https://github.com/dfdez"><code>@​dfdez</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1369">actions/checkout#1369</a></li>
<li>Release v3.5.3 by <a href="https://github.com/TingluoHuang"><code>@​TingluoHuang</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1376">actions/checkout#1376</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>New Contributors</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/megamanics"><code>@​megamanics</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1196">actions/checkout#1196</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/DimitriPapadopoulos"><code>@​DimitriPapadopoulos</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1287">actions/checkout#1287</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/dfdez"><code>@​dfdez</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1369">actions/checkout#1369</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v3.5.3">https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v3.5.3</a></p>
<h2>v3.5.2</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fix: Use correct API url / endpoint in GHES by <a href="https://github.com/fhammerl"><code>@​fhammerl</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1289">actions/checkout#1289</a> based on <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1286">#1286</a> by <a href="https://github.com/1newsr"><code>@​1newsr</code></a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3.5.1...v3.5.2">https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3.5.1...v3.5.2</a></p>
<h2>v3.5.1</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Improve checkout performance on Windows runners by upgrading <code>@​actions/github</code> dependency by <a href="https://github.com/BrettDong"><code>@​BrettDong</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1246">actions/checkout#1246</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>New Contributors</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/BrettDong"><code>@​BrettDong</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1246">actions/checkout#1246</a></li>
</ul>
<!-- raw HTML omitted -->
</blockquote>
<p>... (truncated)</p>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Changelog</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md">actions/checkout's changelog</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h1>Changelog</h1>
<h2>v4.1.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1396">Add support for partial checkout filters</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v4.0.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1067">Support fetching without the --progress option</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1436">Update to node20</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.6.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1377">Fix: Mark test scripts with Bash'isms to be run via Bash</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/579">Add option to fetch tags even if fetch-depth &gt; 0</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.3</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1196">Fix: Checkout fail in self-hosted runners when faulty submodule are checked-in</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1287">Fix typos found by codespell</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1369">Add support for sparse checkouts</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.2</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1289">Fix api endpoint for GHES</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.1</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1246">Fix slow checkout on Windows</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1237">Add new public key for known_hosts</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.4.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1209">Upgrade codeql actions to v2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1210">Upgrade dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1225">Upgrade <code>@​actions/io</code></a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1045">Implement branch list using callbacks from exec function</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1050">Add in explicit reference to private checkout options</a></li>
<li>[Fix comment typos (that got added in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/770">#770</a>)](<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1057">actions/checkout#1057</a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.2.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/942">Add GitHub Action to perform release</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/967">Fix status badge</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1002">Replace datadog/squid with ubuntu/squid Docker image</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/964">Wrap pipeline commands for submoduleForeach in quotes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1029">Update <code>@​actions/io</code> to 1.1.2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1039">Upgrading version to 3.2.0</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.1.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/939">Use <code>@​actions/core</code> <code>saveState</code> and <code>getState</code></a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/922">Add <code>github-server-url</code> input</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.0.2</h2>
<!-- raw HTML omitted -->
</blockquote>
<p>... (truncated)</p>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608"><code>8ade135</code></a> Prepare 4.1.0 release (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1496">#1496</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/c533a0a4cfc4962971818edcfac47a2899e69799"><code>c533a0a</code></a> Add support for partial checkout filters (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1396">#1396</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/72f2cec99f417b1a1c5e2e88945068983b7965f9"><code>72f2cec</code></a> Update README.md for V4 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1452">#1452</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac"><code>3df4ab1</code></a> Release 4.0.0 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1447">#1447</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/8b5e8b768746b50394015010d25e690bfab9dfbc"><code>8b5e8b7</code></a> Support fetching without the --progress option (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1067">#1067</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/97a652b80035363df47baee5031ec8670b8878ac"><code>97a652b</code></a> Update default runtime to node20 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1436">#1436</a>)</li>
<li>See full diff in <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v4">compare view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
<br />


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</details>
Bump actions/checkout from 3 to 4. Bumps [actions/checkout](https://github.com/actions/checkout) from 3 to 4.
<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/releases">actions/checkout's releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>v4.0.0</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Update default runtime to node20 by <a href="https://github.com/takost"><code>@​takost</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1436">actions/checkout#1436</a></li>
<li>Support fetching without the --progress option by <a href="https://github.com/simonbaird"><code>@​simonbaird</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1067">actions/checkout#1067</a></li>
<li>Release 4.0.0 by <a href="https://github.com/takost"><code>@​takost</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1447">actions/checkout#1447</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>New Contributors</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/takost"><code>@​takost</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1436">actions/checkout#1436</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/simonbaird"><code>@​simonbaird</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1067">actions/checkout#1067</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v4.0.0">https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v4.0.0</a></p>
<h2>v3.6.0</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Mark test scripts with Bash'isms to be run via Bash by <a href="https://github.com/dscho"><code>@​dscho</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1377">actions/checkout#1377</a></li>
<li>Add option to fetch tags even if fetch-depth &gt; 0 by <a href="https://github.com/RobertWieczoreck"><code>@​RobertWieczoreck</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/579">actions/checkout#579</a></li>
<li>Release 3.6.0 by <a href="https://github.com/luketomlinson"><code>@​luketomlinson</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1437">actions/checkout#1437</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>New Contributors</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/RobertWieczoreck"><code>@​RobertWieczoreck</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/579">actions/checkout#579</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/luketomlinson"><code>@​luketomlinson</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1437">actions/checkout#1437</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3.5.3...v3.6.0">https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3.5.3...v3.6.0</a></p>
<h2>v3.5.3</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fix: Checkout Issue in self hosted runner due to faulty submodule check-ins by <a href="https://github.com/megamanics"><code>@​megamanics</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1196">actions/checkout#1196</a></li>
<li>Fix typos found by codespell by <a href="https://github.com/DimitriPapadopoulos"><code>@​DimitriPapadopoulos</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1287">actions/checkout#1287</a></li>
<li>Add support for sparse checkouts by <a href="https://github.com/dscho"><code>@​dscho</code></a> and <a href="https://github.com/dfdez"><code>@​dfdez</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1369">actions/checkout#1369</a></li>
<li>Release v3.5.3 by <a href="https://github.com/TingluoHuang"><code>@​TingluoHuang</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1376">actions/checkout#1376</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>New Contributors</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/megamanics"><code>@​megamanics</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1196">actions/checkout#1196</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/DimitriPapadopoulos"><code>@​DimitriPapadopoulos</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1287">actions/checkout#1287</a></li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/dfdez"><code>@​dfdez</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1369">actions/checkout#1369</a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v3.5.3">https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v3.5.3</a></p>
<h2>v3.5.2</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Fix: Use correct API url / endpoint in GHES by <a href="https://github.com/fhammerl"><code>@​fhammerl</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1289">actions/checkout#1289</a> based on <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1286">#1286</a> by <a href="https://github.com/1newsr"><code>@​1newsr</code></a></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Full Changelog</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3.5.1...v3.5.2">https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3.5.1...v3.5.2</a></p>
<h2>v3.5.1</h2>
<h2>What's Changed</h2>
<ul>
<li>Improve checkout performance on Windows runners by upgrading <code>@​actions/github</code> dependency by <a href="https://github.com/BrettDong"><code>@​BrettDong</code></a> in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1246">actions/checkout#1246</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>New Contributors</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/BrettDong"><code>@​BrettDong</code></a> made their first contribution in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1246">actions/checkout#1246</a></li>
</ul>
<!-- raw HTML omitted -->
</blockquote>
<p>... (truncated)</p>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Changelog</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md">actions/checkout's changelog</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h1>Changelog</h1>
<h2>v4.1.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1396">Add support for partial checkout filters</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v4.0.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1067">Support fetching without the --progress option</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1436">Update to node20</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.6.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1377">Fix: Mark test scripts with Bash'isms to be run via Bash</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/579">Add option to fetch tags even if fetch-depth &gt; 0</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.3</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1196">Fix: Checkout fail in self-hosted runners when faulty submodule are checked-in</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1287">Fix typos found by codespell</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1369">Add support for sparse checkouts</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.2</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1289">Fix api endpoint for GHES</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.1</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1246">Fix slow checkout on Windows</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.5.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1237">Add new public key for known_hosts</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.4.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1209">Upgrade codeql actions to v2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1210">Upgrade dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1225">Upgrade <code>@​actions/io</code></a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.3.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1045">Implement branch list using callbacks from exec function</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1050">Add in explicit reference to private checkout options</a></li>
<li>[Fix comment typos (that got added in <a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/770">#770</a>)](<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1057">actions/checkout#1057</a>)</li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.2.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/942">Add GitHub Action to perform release</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/967">Fix status badge</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1002">Replace datadog/squid with ubuntu/squid Docker image</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/964">Wrap pipeline commands for submoduleForeach in quotes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1029">Update <code>@​actions/io</code> to 1.1.2</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/1039">Upgrading version to 3.2.0</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.1.0</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/939">Use <code>@​actions/core</code> <code>saveState</code> and <code>getState</code></a></li>
<li><a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/pull/922">Add <code>github-server-url</code> input</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>v3.0.2</h2>
<!-- raw HTML omitted -->
</blockquote>
<p>... (truncated)</p>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/8ade135a41bc03ea155e62e844d188df1ea18608"><code>8ade135</code></a> Prepare 4.1.0 release (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1496">#1496</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/c533a0a4cfc4962971818edcfac47a2899e69799"><code>c533a0a</code></a> Add support for partial checkout filters (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1396">#1396</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/72f2cec99f417b1a1c5e2e88945068983b7965f9"><code>72f2cec</code></a> Update README.md for V4 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1452">#1452</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/3df4ab11eba7bda6032a0b82a6bb43b11571feac"><code>3df4ab1</code></a> Release 4.0.0 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1447">#1447</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/8b5e8b768746b50394015010d25e690bfab9dfbc"><code>8b5e8b7</code></a> Support fetching without the --progress option (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1067">#1067</a>)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/commit/97a652b80035363df47baee5031ec8670b8878ac"><code>97a652b</code></a> Update default runtime to node20 (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/actions/checkout/issues/1436">#1436</a>)</li>
<li>See full diff in <a href="https://github.com/actions/checkout/compare/v3...v4">compare view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
<br />


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Dependabot will resolve any conflicts with this PR as long as you don't alter it yourself. You can also trigger a rebase manually by commenting `@dependabot rebase`.

[//]: # (dependabot-automerge-start)
[//]: # (dependabot-automerge-end)

---

<details>
<summary>Dependabot commands and options</summary>
<br />

You can trigger Dependabot actions by commenting on this PR:
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</details>
Postponed annotations (as described in [PEP563](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0563/)) "just work".

```py requires="3.9"
from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Any

from pydantic import BaseModel


class Model(BaseModel):
    a: list[int]
    b: Any


print(Model(a=('1', 2, 3), b='ok'))
#> a=[1, 2, 3] b='ok'
```

Internally, Pydantic will call a method similar to `typing.get_type_hints` to resolve annotations.

Even without using `from __future__ import annotations`, in cases where the referenced type is not yet defined, a
`ForwardRef` or string can be used:

```py
from typing import ForwardRef

from pydantic import BaseModel

Foo = ForwardRef('Foo')


class Foo(BaseModel):
    a: int = 123
    b: Foo = None


print(Foo())
#> a=123 b=None
print(Foo(b={'a': '321'}))
#> a=123 b=Foo(a=321, b=None)
```

## Self-referencing (or "Recursive") Models

Models with self-referencing fields are also supported. Self-referencing fields will be automatically
resolved after model creation.

Within the model, you can refer to the not-yet-constructed model using a string:

```py
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Foo(BaseModel):
    a: int = 123
    #: The sibling of `Foo` is referenced by string
    sibling: 'Foo' = None


print(Foo())
#> a=123 sibling=None
print(Foo(sibling={'a': '321'}))
#> a=123 sibling=Foo(a=321, sibling=None)
```

If you use `from __future__ import annotations`, you can also just refer to the model by its type name:

```py
from __future__ import annotations

from pydantic import BaseModel


class Foo(BaseModel):
    a: int = 123
    #: The sibling of `Foo` is referenced directly by type
    sibling: Foo = None


print(Foo())
#> a=123 sibling=None
print(Foo(sibling={'a': '321'}))
#> a=123 sibling=Foo(a=321, sibling=None)
```

### Cyclic references

When working with self-referencing recursive models, it is possible that you might encounter cyclic references
in validation inputs. For example, this can happen when validating ORM instances with back-references from
attributes.

Rather than raising a Python `RecursionError` while attempting to validate data with cyclic references, Pydantic is able
to detect the cyclic reference and raise an appropriate `ValidationError`:

```py
from typing import Optional

from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError


class ModelA(BaseModel):
    b: 'Optional[ModelB]' = None


class ModelB(BaseModel):
    a: Optional[ModelA] = None


cyclic_data = {}
cyclic_data['a'] = {'b': cyclic_data}
print(cyclic_data)
#> {'a': {'b': {...}}}

try:
    ModelB.model_validate(cyclic_data)
except ValidationError as exc:
    print(exc)
    """
    1 validation error for ModelB
    a.b
      Recursion error - cyclic reference detected [type=recursion_loop, input_value={'a': {'b': {...}}}, input_type=dict]
    """
```

Because this error is raised without actually exceeding the maximum recursion depth, you can catch and
handle the raised `ValidationError` without needing to worry about the limited remaining recursion depth:

```python
from contextlib import contextmanager
from dataclasses import field
from typing import Iterator, List

from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, field_validator


def is_recursion_validation_error(exc: ValidationError) -> bool:
    errors = exc.errors()
    return len(errors) == 1 and errors[0]['type'] == 'recursion_loop'


@contextmanager
def suppress_recursion_validation_error() -> Iterator[None]:
    try:
        yield
    except ValidationError as exc:
        if not is_recursion_validation_error(exc):
            raise exc


class Node(BaseModel):
    id: int
    children: List['Node'] = field(default_factory=list)

    @field_validator('children', mode='wrap')
    @classmethod
    def drop_cyclic_references(cls, children, h):
        try:
            return h(children)
        except ValidationError as exc:
            if not (
                is_recursion_validation_error(exc)
                and isinstance(children, list)
            ):
                raise exc

            value_without_cyclic_refs = []
            for child in children:
                with suppress_recursion_validation_error():
                    value_without_cyclic_refs.extend(h([child]))
            return h(value_without_cyclic_refs)


# Create data with cyclic references representing the graph 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 1
node_data = {'id': 1, 'children': [{'id': 2, 'children': [{'id': 3}]}]}
node_data['children'][0]['children'][0]['children'] = [node_data]

print(Node.model_validate(node_data))
#> id=1 children=[Node(id=2, children=[Node(id=3, children=[])])]
```

Similarly, if Pydantic encounters a recursive reference during _serialization_, rather than waiting for the maximum
recursion depth to be exceeded, a `ValueError` is raised immediately:

```py
from pydantic import TypeAdapter

# Create data with cyclic references representing the graph 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 1
node_data = {'id': 1, 'children': [{'id': 2, 'children': [{'id': 3}]}]}
node_data['children'][0]['children'][0]['children'] = [node_data]

try:
    # Try serializing the circular reference as JSON
    TypeAdapter(dict).dump_json(node_data)
except ValueError as exc:
    print(exc)
    """
    Error serializing to JSON: ValueError: Circular reference detected (id repeated)
    """
```

This can also be handled if desired:

```py
from dataclasses import field
from typing import Any, List

from pydantic import (
    SerializerFunctionWrapHandler,
    TypeAdapter,
    field_serializer,
)
from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass


@dataclass
class NodeReference:
    id: int


@dataclass
class Node(NodeReference):
    children: List['Node'] = field(default_factory=list)

    @field_serializer('children', mode='wrap')
    def serialize(
        self, children: List['Node'], handler: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler
    ) -> Any:
        """
        Serialize a list of nodes, handling circular references by excluding the children.
        """
        try:
            return handler(children)
        except ValueError as exc:
            if not str(exc).startswith('Circular reference'):
                raise exc

            result = []
            for node in children:
                try:
                    serialized = handler([node])
                except ValueError as exc:
                    if not str(exc).startswith('Circular reference'):
                        raise exc
                    result.append({'id': node.id})
                else:
                    result.append(serialized)
            return result


# Create a cyclic graph:
nodes = [Node(id=1), Node(id=2), Node(id=3)]
nodes[0].children.append(nodes[1])
nodes[1].children.append(nodes[2])
nodes[2].children.append(nodes[0])

print(nodes[0])
#> Node(id=1, children=[Node(id=2, children=[Node(id=3, children=[...])])])

# Serialize the cyclic graph:
print(TypeAdapter(Node).dump_python(nodes[0]))
"""
{
    'id': 1,
    'children': [{'id': 2, 'children': [{'id': 3, 'children': [{'id': 1}]}]}],
}
"""
```

Postponed annotations (as described in [PEP563](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0563/)) "just work".

```py requires="3.9"
from __future__ import annotations

from typing import Any

from pydantic import BaseModel


class Model(BaseModel):
    a: list[int]
    b: Any


print(Model(a=('1', 2, 3), b='ok'))
#> a=[1, 2, 3] b='ok'
```

Internally, Pydantic will call a method similar to `typing.get_type_hints` to resolve annotations.

Even without using `from __future__ import annotations`, in cases where the referenced type is not yet defined, a
`ForwardRef` or string can be used:

```py
from typing import ForwardRef

from pydantic import BaseModel

Foo = ForwardRef('Foo')


class Foo(BaseModel):
    a: int = 123
    b: Foo = None


print(Foo())
#> a=123 b=None
print(Foo(b={'a': '321'}))
#> a=123 b=Foo(a=321, b=None)
```

## Self-referencing (or "Recursive") Models

Models with self-referencing fields are also supported. Self-referencing fields will be automatically
resolved after model creation.

Within the model, you can refer to the not-yet-constructed model using a string:

```py
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Foo(BaseModel):
    a: int = 123
    #: The sibling of `Foo` is referenced by string
    sibling: 'Foo' = None


print(Foo())
#> a=123 sibling=None
print(Foo(sibling={'a': '321'}))
#> a=123 sibling=Foo(a=321, sibling=None)
```

If you use `from __future__ import annotations`, you can also just refer to the model by its type name:

```py
from __future__ import annotations

from pydantic import BaseModel


class Foo(BaseModel):
    a: int = 123
    #: The sibling of `Foo` is referenced directly by type
    sibling: Foo = None


print(Foo())
#> a=123 sibling=None
print(Foo(sibling={'a': '321'}))
#> a=123 sibling=Foo(a=321, sibling=None)
```

### Cyclic references

When working with self-referencing recursive models, it is possible that you might encounter cyclic references
in validation inputs. For example, this can happen when validating ORM instances with back-references from
attributes.

Rather than raising a Python `RecursionError` while attempting to validate data with cyclic references, Pydantic is able
to detect the cyclic reference and raise an appropriate `ValidationError`:

```py
from typing import Optional

from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError


class ModelA(BaseModel):
    b: 'Optional[ModelB]' = None


class ModelB(BaseModel):
    a: Optional[ModelA] = None


cyclic_data = {}
cyclic_data['a'] = {'b': cyclic_data}
print(cyclic_data)
#> {'a': {'b': {...}}}

try:
    ModelB.model_validate(cyclic_data)
except ValidationError as exc:
    print(exc)
    """
    1 validation error for ModelB
    a.b
      Recursion error - cyclic reference detected [type=recursion_loop, input_value={'a': {'b': {...}}}, input_type=dict]
    """
```

Because this error is raised without actually exceeding the maximum recursion depth, you can catch and
handle the raised `ValidationError` without needing to worry about the limited remaining recursion depth:

```python
from contextlib import contextmanager
from dataclasses import field
from typing import Iterator, List

from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError, field_validator


def is_recursion_validation_error(exc: ValidationError) -> bool:
    errors = exc.errors()
    return len(errors) == 1 and errors[0]['type'] == 'recursion_loop'


@contextmanager
def suppress_recursion_validation_error() -> Iterator[None]:
    try:
        yield
    except ValidationError as exc:
        if not is_recursion_validation_error(exc):
            raise exc


class Node(BaseModel):
    id: int
    children: List['Node'] = field(default_factory=list)

    @field_validator('children', mode='wrap')
    @classmethod
    def drop_cyclic_references(cls, children, h):
        try:
            return h(children)
        except ValidationError as exc:
            if not (
                is_recursion_validation_error(exc)
                and isinstance(children, list)
            ):
                raise exc

            value_without_cyclic_refs = []
            for child in children:
                with suppress_recursion_validation_error():
                    value_without_cyclic_refs.extend(h([child]))
            return h(value_without_cyclic_refs)


# Create data with cyclic references representing the graph 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 1
node_data = {'id': 1, 'children': [{'id': 2, 'children': [{'id': 3}]}]}
node_data['children'][0]['children'][0]['children'] = [node_data]

print(Node.model_validate(node_data))
#> id=1 children=[Node(id=2, children=[Node(id=3, children=[])])]
```

Similarly, if Pydantic encounters a recursive reference during _serialization_, rather than waiting for the maximum
recursion depth to be exceeded, a `ValueError` is raised immediately:

```py
from pydantic import TypeAdapter

# Create data with cyclic references representing the graph 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 1
node_data = {'id': 1, 'children': [{'id': 2, 'children': [{'id': 3}]}]}
node_data['children'][0]['children'][0]['children'] = [node_data]

try:
    # Try serializing the circular reference as JSON
    TypeAdapter(dict).dump_json(node_data)
except ValueError as exc:
    print(exc)
    """
    Error serializing to JSON: ValueError: Circular reference detected (id repeated)
    """
```

This can also be handled if desired:

```py
from dataclasses import field
from typing import Any, List

from pydantic import (
    SerializerFunctionWrapHandler,
    TypeAdapter,
    field_serializer,
)
from pydantic.dataclasses import dataclass


@dataclass
class NodeReference:
    id: int


@dataclass
class Node(NodeReference):
    children: List['Node'] = field(default_factory=list)

    @field_serializer('children', mode='wrap')
    def serialize(
        self, children: List['Node'], handler: SerializerFunctionWrapHandler
    ) -> Any:
        """
        Serialize a list of nodes, handling circular references by excluding the children.
        """
        try:
            return handler(children)
        except ValueError as exc:
            if not str(exc).startswith('Circular reference'):
                raise exc

            result = []
            for node in children:
                try:
                    serialized = handler([node])
                except ValueError as exc:
                    if not str(exc).startswith('Circular reference'):
                        raise exc
                    result.append({'id': node.id})
                else:
                    result.append(serialized)
            return result


# Create a cyclic graph:
nodes = [Node(id=1), Node(id=2), Node(id=3)]
nodes[0].children.append(nodes[1])
nodes[1].children.append(nodes[2])
nodes[2].children.append(nodes[0])

print(nodes[0])
#> Node(id=1, children=[Node(id=2, children=[Node(id=3, children=[...])])])

# Serialize the cyclic graph:
print(TypeAdapter(Node).dump_python(nodes[0]))
"""
{
    'id': 1,
    'children': [{'id': 2, 'children': [{'id': 3, 'children': [{'id': 1}]}]}],
}
"""
```
