Add private APIs to get Python version before bootstrapping Python. ### Description

Add private APIs (module.\_py_version_{major,minor,micro}) to get the Python version before bootstrapping Python, and use it in Module.preRun to initialize filesystem.

### Checklists

- [x] Add / update tests

package:
  name: lightgbm
  version: 3.3.3
source:
  url: https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/35/46/3c4ba33302ed23e741b1c7a9c0f50520dae5f71b20c899932e770dc974cb/lightgbm-3.3.3.tar.gz
  sha256: 857e559ae84a22963ce2b62168292969d21add30bc9246a84d4e7eedae67966d
build:
  backend-flags: --build-option=--nomp
  exports: whole_archive
requirements:
  run:
    - numpy
    - scipy
    - scikit-learn
test:
  imports:
    - lightgbm
about:
  home: https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM
  PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/lightgbm
  summary: LightGBM Python Package
  license: The MIT License (Microsoft)

package:
  name: lightgbm
  version: 3.3.3
source:
  url: https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/35/46/3c4ba33302ed23e741b1c7a9c0f50520dae5f71b20c899932e770dc974cb/lightgbm-3.3.3.tar.gz
  sha256: 857e559ae84a22963ce2b62168292969d21add30bc9246a84d4e7eedae67966d
build:
  backend-flags: --build-option=--nomp
  exports: whole_archive
requirements:
  run:
    - numpy
    - scipy
    - scikit-learn
test:
  imports:
    - lightgbm
about:
  home: https://github.com/microsoft/LightGBM
  PyPI: https://pypi.org/project/lightgbm
  summary: LightGBM Python Package
  license: The MIT License (Microsoft)
