Mission: Impossible – Fallout
Mission: Impossible – Fallout is a 2018 American action-adventure film written and directed by Christopher McQuarrie. The sequel to Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation (2015), it is the sixth installment in the Mission: Impossible film series. The ensemble cast includes Tom Cruise, Henry Cavill, Ving Rhames, Simon Pegg, Rebecca Ferguson, Sean Harris, Angela Bassett, Vanessa Kirby, Michelle Monaghan, and Alec Baldwin. Set two years after the events of Rogue Nation, Fallout follows Impossible Missions Force agent Ethan Hunt (Cruise) and his team in their efforts to prevent a nuclear attack by terrorist Solomon Lane and the mysterious extremist John Lark. Development of a sequel to Rogue Nation began before its release in 2015.
Mission: Impossible – Fallout is a 2018 American action-adventure film written and directed by Christopher McQuarrie. The sequel to Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation (2015), it is the sixth installment in the Mission: Impossible film series. The ensemble cast includes Tom Cruise, Henry Cavill, Ving Rhames, Simon Pegg, Rebecca Ferguson, Sean Harris, Angela Bassett, Vanessa Kirby, Michelle Monaghan, and Alec Baldwin. Set two years after the events of Rogue Nation, Fallout follows Impossible Missions Force agent Ethan Hunt (Cruise) and his team in their efforts to prevent a nuclear attack by terrorist Solomon Lane and the mysterious extremist John Lark.
Development of a sequel to Rogue Nation began before its release in 2015. McQuarrie's return marked the first time in the series that any director would helm more than one film in the series. He intended for Fallout to better explore Ethan's character and emotions, believing previous entries had left him primarily a cypher for audiences, and test the limits of Ethan's abilities, morality, and personal relationships. The script was brief, only 33 pages, serving as an outline driven primarily by the interesting filming locations the production identified and allowing for improvisation and significant changes to scenes throughout filming. Principal photography began in April 2017, on a $178–$180 million budget, in Paris, continuing on to London, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Arab Emirates by early 2018. Filming was delayed for several months after Cruise broke his ankle during a stunt, significantly inflating the budget while the production waited for his return, but also provided McQuarrie the opportunity to further develop unfinished scenes in the script.
Mission: Impossible – Fallout premiered in Paris on July 12, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 27. It received critical acclaim, with reviews focusing on its fun and extravagant set pieces and stunts, and received several awards and nominations. It also broke box office records for the series and grossed $791.1 million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing film in the Mission: Impossible series and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2018. The film is now generally considered the best or second-best installment in the series, and has been listed by some publications as among the best action or spy films. A sequel, Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One, was released in 2023, and an eighth film is in development.

Plot
Two years after the capture of rogue British agent Solomon Lane, his terrorist network, the Syndicate, has reorganized as the Apostles, a terror-for-hire group. They are recruited by extremist John Lark to acquire three plutonium cores for nuclear bombs he will use to dismantle the existing world order. 
Impossible Missions Force (IMF) agent Ethan Hunt fails to recover the cores in Berlin after the Apostles take his teammate Luther Stickell hostage; Ethan chooses to save Luther, but the Apostles steal the cores. Ethan, Stickell, and teammate Benji Dunn capture Lark's nuclear weapons specialist Nils Delbruuk and trick him into providing schematics for Lark's bombs. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) director Erika Sloane confronts Ethan and IMF director Alan Hunley over the team's failure to recover the plutonium. She insists on sending her agent, August Walker, with them to find the cores, directing him to consider anyone expendable in the process.
Ethan and Walker infiltrate a nightclub in Paris where Lark will purchase the cores from arms broker Alanna Mitsopolis. They confront a man suspected to be Lark and Ethan is almost killed until his ally, MI6 agent Ilsa Faust, intervenes and kills Lark. Assuming Lark's identity, Ethan meets with Mitsopolis who gifts him one core, explaining the Apostles will deliver the others after he attacks a police convoy and liberates its prisoner, Lane. Ethan deviates from the plan and rams the truck carrying Lane into the Seine to protect its police escort from Mitsopolis's mercenaries. He leads the police away while his team secures Lane, and thwarts an assassination attempt on Lane by Ilsa. Meeting with Ethan, Ilsa explains that MI6 assigned her to kill Lane to prevent foreign governments interrogating him and prove her loyalty after working undercover as a Syndicate agent. She was sent to protect Lark and ensure Lane's escape, but disobeyed to protect Ethan. Meanwhile, Walker gives Sloane evidence suggesting Ethan is the real Lark.
The team brings Lane to London for the exchange but Hunley confronts them with Walker's evidence. The team trick Walker into admitting he is Lark and Sloane sends a CIA unit to arrest them all. However, the Apostles intervene and in the ensuing gunfight Walker kills Hunley and escapes alongside Lane. Ethan gives chase until Walker reveals he has located Julia — Ethan's ex-wife who was sent into hiding to protect her from his enemies — and threatens her life. Walker is also unable to kill Ethan as Lane is withholding the remaining cores until he gets revenge against Ethan.
Ethan, Benji, Luther, and Ilsa track Lane and Walker to a medical camp near the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir, treating a smallpox outbreak orchestrated by the Apostles. Ilsa deduces that Lane will use the bombs to irradiate the water supplies of bordering India, Pakistan, and China, starving billions of people. Benji explains the bombs operate as a circuit, meaning defusing one bomb will trigger the other unless the detonator is first disabled. At the camp, Ethan discovers Julia and her new husband are leading the medical care at the request of an anonymous donor. The bomb countdown is armed and Walker leaves with the detonator by helicopter while Lane remains behind to die. Luther and Julia work together to defuse one bomb while Ilsa and Benji subdue Lane and begin defusing the second. 
Meanwhile, Ethan hijacks a helicopter and rams Walker's, causing them both to crash on a cliff and leaving one helicopter suspended over the edge by its cargo hook. Ethan releases the hook, which impales and kills Walker, before disarming the detonator with one second remaining. The wounded Ethan is recovered to the medical camp by Sloane, who has Lane returned to MI6, freeing Ilsa. Ethan apologizes to Julia for the perils he has put her in but she expresses gratitude for his efforts to safeguard the world and her new life. Ilsa and Ethan share a moment together as narration by Sloane praises him for caring about every individual life.

Cast
Tom Cruise as Ethan Hunt: A highly-skilled, determined, and self-sacrificing IMF agent
Henry Cavill as August Walker: A ruthless and burly CIA assassin
Ving Rhames as Luther Stickell: An expert computer hacker and loyal ally to Ethan
Simon Pegg as Benji Dunn: A skillful IMF technician and Ethan's friend
Rebecca Ferguson as Ilsa Faust: A cunning and capable MI6 agent
Sean Harris as Solomon Lane: A clinical ex-MI6 agent turned rogue international terrorist
Angela Bassett as Erika Sloane: The pragmatic deputy director of the CIA, and Hunley's former assistant
Vanessa Kirby as Alanna Mitsopolis: A high level European arms broker and con artist known as The White Widow
Michelle Monaghan as Julia: A doctor and Ethan's ex-wife who went into hiding to keep her safe from his enemies
Alec Baldwin as Alan Hunley: The former CIA director now serving as the IMF secretary.The cast of Mission: Impossible – Fallout includes Wes Bentley as Erik, Julia's fellow doctor and husband, Frederick Schmidt as Zola, Alanna's gangster brother,  Liang Yang as the decoy John Lark, and Kristoffer Joner as Nils Delbruuk, Lark's nuclear weapons expert. Alix Bénézech portrays a Parisian policewoman, and Caspar Phillipson appears as the European. Fallout also features cameo appearances by news host Wolf Blitzer portraying himself (in actuality a disguise worn by Dunn), disc jockey DJ Harvey as himself, and director Christopher McQuarrie voices Ethan's mission briefing.

Production
Development
A sixth entry in the Mission: Impossible film series — based on the 1966 TV series of the same name — began development shortly before the successful release of the fifth entry, Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation, in July 2015. That month, the series' lead actor Tom Cruise announced that filming was planned to begin by August 2016, as production studios Paramount Pictures and Skydance Media wanted a quick turnaround on the sequel.In November, Christopher McQuarrie, writer and director for Rogue Nation, confirmed he would return to both roles, marking the first time in the series that a director would lead more than one instalment. McQuarrie was initially reluctant to return, having found filming of Rogue Nation difficult, partly because of the complicated stunt sequences and the expectations to exceed those segments in a sequel. He was also conscious that fans had come to expect a different director with each instalment. However, Cruise specifically wanted McQuarrie to lead the sequel. McQuarrie, Cruise (via his TC Productions company), J. J. Abrams (via Bad Robot Productions), and Jake Myers served as Fallout's producers, with Skydance executives David Ellison, Don Granger, and Dana Goldberg receiving executive producer roles. Paramount Pictures and Skydance Media provided the film's finance. Chinese film company Alibaba Pictures provided investment financing in exchange for serving as a local marketing partner in China.

Writing
McQuarrie wrote the screenplay for Mission: Impossible – Fallout but collaborated with Cruise on developing ideas they wanted to explore through the narrative. Cruise was particularly interested in resolving the long-running narrative between Ethan and his wife Julia (Michelle Monaghan) which began in Mission: Impossible III (2006) and had received an ambiguous resolution in the fourth film, Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol (2011). Fans often asked Cruise about Julia's fate and he wanted to provide them with closure for Ethan and Julia which could also serve as Fallout's primary emotional narrative arc. Cruise and McQuarrie agreed in their early conversations that the film should end with Julia and Ethan completing their story together.McQuarrie's main interest was in better exploring Ethan's emotions and motivations. He felt that the previous films made the character effectively a cipher on which the audience could project thoughts and motivations without depicting the character's true thoughts and feelings. For Fallout, McQuarrie wanted Ethan to be vulnerable and more relatable, exploring his fears such as the threat of nuclear annihilation, so audiences could establish a more emotional connection to the character. As part of this, the original primary narrative involved Ethan assuming Lark's identity for most of the film, forcing him to portray a villainous alter ego and face moral quandaries tasking him with performing "horrible things" to preserve the greater good. Cruise supported the idea and it remained part of the script for some time until McQuarrie determined it made Fallout too long, sacrificed action for intellectualism, reduced focus on the supporting characters, and prevented him from including many of the traditional elements fans expected from the Mission: Impossible series. Abandoning this plot helped other scenes come together such as the England-based sequences.Several abandoned ideas from Rogue Nation were resurrected for Fallout including Lane challenging Ethan by asking, "Your mission should you choose to accept it ... did you ever choose not to?", and a motorcade sequence involving Lane which evolved into the Paris heist. McQuarrie and Cruise had discussed wanting to break Lane out of prison in a sequel. The "mousetrap" sequence, in which Ethan, Luther, and Benji trick Delbruuk into revealing details of Lark's bombs, was also intended for Rogue Nation but McQuarrie could not make it work within that film's narrative. He wanted the audience to experience what would happen if the antagonist actually won, and how Ethan would feel in response.A central character was to be killed off during the opening scene of Ethan attempting to purchase the plutonium cores, but McQuarrie did not want to kill Luther or Benji as he did not believe the rest of the film could recover from those deaths. He chose to kill William Brandt (portrayed by Jeremy Renner in Ghost Protocol and Rogue Nation), but the actor declined to return. McQuarrie wrote with a self-imposed rule that the female characters could not be helpless but, in turn, this restricted his ability to write them into difficult situations such as having Ilsa being captured by Lane. He eventually rationalized it was acceptable because she ultimately frees herself without help from a man. McQuarrie described his four main female characters — Alanna, Erica, Ilsa, and Julia — were written to be independent and not requiring Ethan's protection.According to The Hollywood Reporter, unspecified issues with the script risked derailing the project altogether in July 2016, delaying the start of filming from November 2016 to January 2017. The final script was only 33 pages long. However, McQuarrie said this works for Mission: Impossible films, providing a broad outline for locations, sets, and actors but otherwise allowing them to adjust, add, and remove scenes in response to how events played out during filming. He was primarily focused on identifying interesting locations in which to film to make a "great-looking spy movie."

Casting
Fallout features Cruise, Baldwin, Harris, Ferguson, Pegg, and Rhames reprising their roles from previous Mission: Impossible films. A dispute over Cruise's pay stalled production in August 2016. Cruise wanted to be paid more than the $11-$13 million he received for The Mummy (2017) as well as receiving gross points, a percentage of the initial box office gross received by Paramount and Skydance before any disbursements to the other financial partners is paid. Although the dispute was resolved by September, it further delayed filming from January 2017 by several months. Michelle Monaghan was confirmed to join the cast in June 2017, reprising her role as Julia for the first time in ten years. Ferguson's Rogue Nation contract included an option clause that allowed the studio to commit her to reprise her role as Ilsa Faust in a sequel. She enjoyed playing a strong female character and embraced performing her own stunts when possible. As well as concurrently filming scenes for The Kid Who Would Be King (2019), Ferguson was pregnant during early filming of Fallout.Sean Harris had wanted the Solomon Lane character to die in Rogue Nation but returned for Fallout, becoming the series' first reoccurring villain. The filmmakers had determined that killing Lane was not the right choice for Rogue Nation as they already had future ideas for him. Similarly, Alec Baldwin agreed to reprise his role as Alan Hunley on the condition that his character would be killed off. Renner declined to reprise his role as William Brandt, in part because he was committed to filming Avengers: Infinity War (2018) (although he did not ultimately appear in it), but he had also been unhappy with the frequent script changes in the previous films that interefered with him spending time with his family.Fallout introduces Vanessa Kirby as Alanna Mitsopolis, the White Widow. The character, alongside her brother Zola, are the children of Max, an arms dealer from the original film, Mission: Impossible (1996). Kirby followed a strict exercise regimen to prepare for performing some of her own stunts and regularly ran with a personal trainer. Kirby was simultaneously filming The Crown (2016–2023), which required her to film during the day in London before travelling by Eurostar train to Paris for Fallout.Cavill joined the cast in March 2017. He suggested Walker's mustache-and-stubble aesthetic, and McQuarrie rewrote the character to better match Cavill's dry sense of humor. A "well known" but unnamed actor was intended to portray the decoy John Lark as a surprise cameo but during preliminary tests the actor was unable to keep pace with Cavill and Cruise during a fight between their three characters in a Parisian bathroom. As such, the actor was replaced by stuntman Liang Yang. Although written as a man, Cruise recommended casting a female actor as the police officer (Alix Bénézech) encountered on the street by the IMF team because he felt it made the scene more emotonally impactful. Actor Siân Brooke was also cast in an undisclosed role that was cut from the finished film.

Filming
Principal photography began on April 8, 2017 in Paris, France. The helicopter carrying the imprisoned Lane was filmed atop the Paris Ministry of Finance. The helicopter weighed 14 t (14,000 kg) while the helipad was only rated to hold four so the pilot hovered the craft impercetibly above the pads surface. As the sequence moves under a bridge along the Seine, the area was draped with 300 ft (91 m) of silk to conceal events from onlookers and paparazzi, and the guns used were silent with gunfire being added in post production. As Ethan and Walker escape in a truck, different parts of the sequence were filmed alternately in clear and rainy weather but McQuarrie did not believe viewers would notice. Fallout was also filmed at the Trocadéro and Palais-Royal.In late May the production moved to New Zealand for 6-8 weeks, primarily to film Fallout's final act. The opening dream wedding sequence (filmed at Milford Sound) between Julia and Ethan was among the first scenes filmed to accommodate Monaghan's conflicting schedule on The Path (2015–2018). Baldwin was intended, but unavailable to portray the minister and was replaced by Harris. There was only an hour on a specific day to film the scene but the typical clement weather had given way to clouds and cold temperatures which made the actors' breath visible. However, because the scene was a dream sequence McQuarrie realized that the contrast of the warm looking background gave the audience the impression something was wrong from the start. McQuarrie wanted a warmer visual color tone for Fallout to visually convey it as a major summer film, but the delayed production meant scenes would be filmed in locations during the winter. He only wanted the scene of Ethan waking up following the nightmare to appear cold to represent Ethan's lonely existence. Cinematographer Rob Hardy found this cliché and so made the set look cold while lighting it warmly. Because the abandoned building used for filming was already cold, Cruise was surrounded with heaters that gave him a red glow.The Kashmir sequences were filmed in Queenstown. India was extensively scouted to film Kashmir scenes there because McQuarrie wanted Fallout to have a more political narrative, but permission to film there could not be agreed. For the camp scenes, Julia was scripted to have a baby but McQuarrie opted to remove this only two days before her scenes were filmed. There were only five hours of daylight for each filming day so the set was arranged around giving Monaghan the best natural light for her character's reveal. The schedule only allowed Cruise eight minutes to film his side of the conversation between Ethan and Julia. In Fallout's final scene, Ferguson improvised Ilsa whispering something unintelligible to Julia. The film ends with a shot of Ethan in a medical bed. The planned ending was longer but the camera ran out of film and the resulting flash of white was used as a transition to the credits. Cruise was reluctant to end Fallout this way but McQuarrie felt the film was already too long and the improvized ending fitting.
The production moved to London in early July, filming in locations such as Blackfriars Bridge and Tate Modern. Cavill's mustache became a source of conflict when he needed to reprise his role as Superman for reshoots of Justice League (2017) and had to be clean-shaven. McQuarrie, unwilling to let Cavill shave unless compensated, requested $3 million from the Justice League production to cover the costs of digitally re-adding Cavill's facial hair back for Fallout until it regrew. Paramount eventually intervened and refused permission altogether, requiring the mustache to be digitally removed for Justice League.In August, Cruise broke his right ankle after colliding with a wall during a stunt jump between buildings for a foot pursuit scene. Cruise completed the scene and moved off camera before acknowledging his injury; the footage was used in Fallout. Production was expected to shut down for two-three months while Cruise recovered. McQuarrie took advantage of the hiatus to work out underdeveloped scenes around the pursuit as they lacked compelling drama, some filming locations had not yet been secured, such as St Paul's Cathedral, and it had not been determined how Benji would interact with Ethan throughout. Editor Eddie Hamilton and his team also began processing existing footage to save time later.Cruise focused on rehabilitation due to concerns too long a delay would force Fallout to miss its planned July 27, 2018, release date. He was not fully recovered when he returned to filming in October, after 7-8 weeks. He filmed several scenes with his injured ankle including competing the foot pursuit, the meeting in London between the IMF (the scene takes place around a table so that Cruise and Baldwin-who was waiting for double hip replacement surgery-could lean on it for relief), and the climactic cliff top battle between Ethan and Walker on Pulpit Rock, Norway, filmed in November.The limited script outline allowed for many scenes to be added, develop, or removed throughout filming. The initial meeting between Ethan and Walker was re-shot because Walker's role had evolved throughout filming. Similarly, a planned confrontation between Ilsa and Alanna was removed because of the well-received chemistry between Cruise and Kirby during a river-side dialogue scene. The scene in which Ethan is gifted one of the cores by Alanna was added only days before it was filmed as McQuarrie had struggled to explain how only two cores remained by the finale. The opening scene in which the cores are stolen was reworked to add banter between Cruise and his teammates because the intended suspensesful tone was not making for an interesting scene. Principal photography officially concluded on February 22, 2018.

Stunts and effects
Fallout's approximately 2,000 visual effect shots were supervised by Jody Johnson and developed by DNEG, Bluebolt, One of Us, Lola, The Third Floor, and Blind. The majority of their work contributed to realizing the three main action sequences—the HALO jump and the paris and helicopter chases. This also involved clean up such as concealing cameras and crew reflected in mirrors during the bathroom fight. Other contributions included adding digital cars and backgrounds in some public spaces where the area had been blocked off to avoid paparazzi.The High Altitude Low Opening (HALO) jump over Paris was planned over a year and filmed after principal photography. Filming took place in the United Arab Emirates as it was the only area that would legally allow them to perform the stunt. One of the world's largest wind tunnels was built to train for the sequence and while the facility was also considered for filming, McQuarrie and Cruise found it looked unrealistic. Cruise performed the single take stunt 106 times, including practice jumps, falling at speeds of 200 to 220 mph (320 to 350 km/h) from 25,000 to 30,000 ft (7,600 to 9,100 m) from a Boeing C-17 Globemaster III accompanied by a camera operator To prepare for each jump, Cruise inhaled pure oxygen for 20 minutes to avoid decompression sickness. His helmet also provided oxygen and was designed to clearly show his face to enhance the realism. Each jump allowed only three minutes of filming per day as it was filmed close to sunset, allowing just enough light to see the actors clearly. This resulted in three successful takes. CGI vapor was added to Cruise's helmet, and DNEG digitally replaced the desert background with a stormy Parisian landscape and inserted the Grand Palais where Ethan lands. Matching the camera movements to the digital backdrop was difficult, requiring fifteen tracking artists to make necessary adjustments.For the pursuit sequence through Paris after Ethan recovers Lane, Ethan's and Walker's escape truck becomes lodged in an alley and they kick out the windscreen to escape; the scene had to be refilmed as Cavill's initial kick was powerful enough to knock it well away from the vehicle. The following segment, in which Ethan rides a motorbike the wrong way against seventy stunt drivers around the Arc de Triomphe, was filmed in 90 minutes early on a Sunday morning when it could be closed due to light traffic. Ethan crashing his motorcycle and being thrown from the vehicle was a practical stunt. The bike was fixed to a hydraulic rig synchronized to the movement of the car with which it collides while Cruise, attached to a cable, was lifted away at the point of impact.The helicopter chase was filmed in Norway and New Zealand. Cruise insisted on filming Ethan's rope climb up to a flying Airbus BK17 helicopter even though McQuarrie considered it uninteresting. For the following scene in which Ethan commanders the craft, Cruise earned a pilots license in 12 days and spent about 18 months training for the stunt. Variations were filmed showing Ethan having either little or no knowledge about flying to provide options in post production. Cavill leant out of his own craft in 0 °C (32 °F) winds firing a M249 light machine gun; he received weapons training from McQuarrie's brother, Doug. The helicopter noise prevented Cavill hearing any instructions and he improvized much of his performance. The helicopter chase resulted in 70 hours of footage which was edited to just 7.5 minutes. The scene of Ethan's helicopter crashing into Walker's was a CGI effect combined with a practical chopper body (designed by Neil Corbould). Ethan's craft was suspended from a wire between two cranes at Hagrid's Hill, Leavesden Studios in England, allowing it to travel 100 ft (30 m) before crashing. The scene was enhanced by DNEG to add snow, extend helicopter blades, and hang Walker's helicopter from the face of Pulpit rock as a practical model was disallowed due to risks of damaging the rockface. Safety wires and cranes were removed from Cruise and Cavill as their characters fought atop the rock. Walker's facial disfigurement from the crash was suggested by Cruise five days before the scene was filmed and involved a prosthetic appliance.

Post production
McQuarrie considered the theatrical cut to be the director's cut, saying any deleted scenes were those whose inclusion could not be justified. Deleted scenes included Benji, disguised as Lane, expositing to Walker, and Mitsopolis singing in her initial appearance, which McQuarrie believed undermined the tension. Her speech was a combination of existing footage not showing her singing and reshot footage. Scenes of Ilsa and Ethan kissing were filmed, one scripted and one improvised, but McQuarrie felt they weakened her character, removed future potential romantic tension, and interfered with Ethan's unresolved relationship with Julia. A multi-page scripted scene explaining Ilsa's and Ethan's relationship was trimmed to one line: "You should've come with me." Ilsa was also introduced earlier in the Parisian club but this was changed to her surprise appearance saving Ethan in the club bathroom. A scene of Walker reaching for his gun when confronted by the female French police officer was filmed in post-production to add tension. Hunley's death had not been confirmed when the scene was filmed but the filmmakers determined it was the correct choice. Cruise suggested his final line, "Go", which Baldwin recorded on his phone at home. Baldwin was also intended to narrate the opening mission briefing but McQuarrie replaced him because he found Baldwin's voice was too "velvety".The "what if" scenarios in previous Mission: Impossible visualized how their plans would play out with explanatory narration. However, McQuarrie chose not to include narration in the scene portraying the hypothetical future of Ethan attacking Lane's police convoy and fatally injuring an officer. The absence of narration aimed to keep the audience uncertain about the scene's reality, allowing the narrative to further the darker actions requierd of Ethan while disguised as Lark. Hamilton suggested adding sound effects but McQuarrie wanted the score to further convince the audience the events were happening.Shortly after filming concluded, a 170-minute cut was screened for about 70 of the cast's and crew's friends and family at the Soho Hotel, London. Hamilton described a positive reaction tempered with clear improvements that needed to be made. New versions were screened every two weeks for American test audience thereafter. The ending with Lane being given to Mitsopolis was intended as the final scene because Cruise did not want to end with Ethan in a medical bed, but test audiences preferred the latter option; McQuarrie intercut both scenes instead, ending with Ethan. Blood was also added digitally to the decoy Lark's death because the audiences did not find the scene humorous without it. Some additional footage was filmed based on feedback about seven weeks after principal photography, but feedback was consistent in improving the film's pace. By the fourth screening, McQuarrie and Hamilton reduced the runtime to 147 minutes which earned the highest audience scores, resulting in the theatrical cut. The studio requested additional trims to reduce the runtime but each attempt earned lower scores. Permission was secured, however, to play the opening studio logos at double speed to save some time.The final budget for Mission: Impossible – Fallout is estimated as $178–$180 million, with an additional $150 million allocated for promotion and distribution. The delays caused by Cruise's injury inflated the budget to about $250—$260 million, including paying to retain the cast and crew in the interim. However, most of these costs were repaid by the film's insurance.

Music
The Mission: Impossible – Fallout score was composed by Lorne Balfe. He was recommended to McQuarrie by Paramount head of music Randy Spendlove, and already had connections with producer Jake Myers as well as Paramount and Skydance. The score was written over eight to nine months. Balfe's writing office was adjacent to the editing room, allowing him and McQuarrie to collaborate and experiment with rapid changes in the score to match the edits. McQuarrie only used Balfe's score when reviewing scenes as he did not like using the standard process of placeholder temp music. The 90-minute score was recorded over 30 days at two large London stages, using 300 musicians that included 100 string players, 80 choristers, 42 brass players, 14 drummers, 12 bongo players, and a few woodwind players. Balfe based each piece of the score on the original Mission: Impossible television series theme. He found writing for the mission briefing scene the most difficult because it had to support the tone of the scene without overwhelming the expository dialogue.

Release
Marketing
The film's title, Mission: Impossible – Fallout, was announced in January 2018. About $140 million was spent on the film's global marketing campaign which focused on behind-the-scenes featurettes promoting the film's depiction of realistic stunt and action sequences instead of CGI. The first trailer debuted during Super Bowl LII in February 2018 (receiving 24.6 million views by July), and the HALO jump scene was promoted at CinemaCon and the 2018 NBA Finals, as well as being shown on YouTube and running before theatrical screenings of every number 1 theatrical film for 14 weeks. Paramount also debuted the first 360-degree virtual reality experience of the jump on Oculus VR, YouTube's VR channel, and Facebook's Entertainment and 360° pages. Fallout was also promoted throughout the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and at international airports.Deadline Hollywood reported the film had about 245 million social media impressions across the actors individual pages, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram, exceeding the typical 168 million for an action-adventure film. Paramount's parent company Viacom promoted Fallout with different content across most of its own global television networks, including a 30-minute Making-of special, and Cruise personally promoted the film in markets such as the UK, Tokyo, and Seoul.Fallout also received the most promotional partner funding in the franchise with $135 million spent worldwide. This included Amazon Prime, BMW, Kärcher, Airbus, Shell, LG, M&M's, and Uber, as well as an ESPN promo with James Harden, a Visa screening program/partnership, and an American Ninja Warrior themed episode.Media analyst Jeff Bock said that, as in 2017, there was a deluge of sequels but 2018's offerings were ones audiences wanted to see, including Ant-Man and the Wasp, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Mission: Impossible – Fallout, and The First Purge. Pre-release estimates suggested Mission: Impossible – Fallout would earn $48–$65 million during its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, and $75–$80 million from 36 other countries for a weekend total of $135 million. Industry tracking showed 82% of audiences polled were aware of the film, with 42% showing "definite interest" in it.

Box office
The premiere of Mission: Impossible – Fallout took place at the Palais de Chaillot, in Paris, on July 12, 2018, with a UK premiere the following day. Fallout was released in the United States and Canada on July 27. During its opening weekend, the film grossed $61.2 million from 4,836 theaters—an average of $13,961 per  theater—making it the number one film of the weekend, ahead of Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again ($15.1 million) and The Equalizer 2 ($14 million), both in their second weekends. This included $7.5 million from 406 IMAX screen previews or 12% of the weekend total gross, with $6 million grossed from Thursday night previews.  The weekend total figure gave Fallout the highest 3-day opening in the franchise, ahead of Mission: Impossible 2's (2000) $57.8 million, and represented Cruise's second-highest opening weekend of his career, behind War of the Worlds (2005) $64.8 million.It retained the number one position in its second weekend with a gross of $35.3 million (the highest-grossing second weekend in the franchise), ahead of the debuts of Christopher Robin ($24.6 million) and The Spy Who Dumped Me ($12.1 million). It fell to the number two position in its third weekend with a gross of $19.4 million, behind the debut of The Meg ($45.4 million) and ahead of Christopher Robin ($13 million). While Fallout never reclaimed the numer one position, it remained in the top ten-highest-grossing films for a total of 8 weeks, grossing a total gross of $220.2 million. This made Fallout the eighth-highest grossing film of 2018, ahead of Ant-Man and the Wasp ($216.6 million) and behind Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle ($232.5 million).Outside of the U.S. and Canada, Fallout overperformed against projections to gross $94.6 million during its opening weekend in 36 countries, including the UK, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Latin America, and most of Asia. This gave a cumulative worldwide gross of $155.8 million, surpassing Rogue Nation's $131.5 million worldwide opening weekend. Fallout opened at number one in 29 countries, its highest grosses originating from Korea ($24.9 million), the UK ($9.5 million), India ($8.2 million), Taiwan ($5.4 million), and Mexico ($4.9 million). The film opened in a further 20 countries by the end of August including China and Japan. In total, Fallout grossed $571 million in these markets, including China ($181.2 million) France ($27.1 million), Germany ($15.9 million), the UK ($31.1 million), Mexico ($11.9 million), South Korea ($49.8 million), Taiwan ($14.6 million) Japan ($42.4 million), India ($15.9 million), and Australia ($14.2 million).Worldwide, Fallout grossed $791.1 million, making it the highest-grossing film in the franchise, and the eighth-highest-grossing film of the year, ahead of Deadpool 2 ($734.5 million) and behind Venom ($856.1 million). Those involved with the film and rival studios estimated that Fallout would have to earn $560–$650 million before it would become profitable. However, analysis by Deadline Hollywood suggested that it was not expected to generate a profit until its home media release. This was partly because of several people involved who received their share of the box office, reducing the profits returned to Paramount, including Cruise, Abrams, and Skydance.

Reception
Critical response
Mission: Impossible – Fallout received critical praise, and was among the most critically acclaimed films of 2018, with 53 critics placing it among the year's top 10 films. On the website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 97% approval rating from the aggregated reviews of 444 critics, with an average rating of 8.4/10, making it the highest rated Mission: Impossible film. The website's consensus reads "Fast, sleek, and fun, Mission: Impossible - Fallout lives up to the 'impossible' part of its name by setting yet another high mark for insane set pieces in a franchise full of them." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 86 out of 100, based on 60 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". It also fared well with audiences. Those polled by PostTrak gave Fallout an 84% overall positive score with 65% recommending it, while CinemaScore reported filmgoers gave it an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, the highest response in the franchise.Richard Roeper and Stephanie Zacharek, among others, praised Fallout as one of, if not the best films in the franchise. Writing for Time Out, Dan Jolin believed McQuarrie returning as director gave Fallout an evolved continuity lacking in previous installments. RogerEbert.com's Brian Tallerico and IndieWire's David Ehrlich described it as one of the best action films ever made, comparing it favorably to Die Hard (1988) and Mad Max: Fury Road (2015). The action sequences were praised by critics such as Leonard Maltin and Peter Travers, particularly for the realism provided by Cruise performing his own stunts. The various sequences in exotic locations with little CGI modification were seen to set Fallout apart from its contemporaries. Writing for PopMatters, J.R. Kinnard said the closing action sequence in Kashmir set the new standard for extravagant action sequences, although Michael Phillips considered the violence in the sequence to be excessive.Ann Hornaday, Roeper, Phillips, and Slate's Sam Adams complimented the narrative for its intriguing ideas, moral dilemmas, and complex twists, while criticizing the seemingly improvisational nature of some scenes and "thought-provoking" ideas that are posited and ignored, such as the villains' plans to bomb holy cities. Writing for Salon.com, Matthew Rozsa found the narrative predictable but enjoyable. Empire's Helen O'Hara and Screen Daily's Tim Grierson praised the introspection of the "captivating" moral dilemma concerning Hunt's dedication to preserving life and the greater good despite the personal costs to himself. Critics such as James Berardinelli and Peter Bradshaw believed Fallout's combination of exotic locations, espionage, and action had successfully established Ethan Hunt and the Mission: Impossible series as the modern equivalent of James Bond and his respective film series.Cruise was generally praised by critics such as Maltin and Todd McCarthy, primarily for his commitment to undertaking stunts, which added an authenticity and intensity to the proceedings, and making Fallout one of his finest mainstream works. Despite his age, these reviews suggested that Cruise's stunt work was a significant aspect of the series' appeal. Others, including Jolin and Hornaday wrote that Cruise successfully embodied Ethan's world-weary cynicism yet unwavering determination to combat those who would harm innocents. Cavill's performance was described as "wooden" and uninteresting by some such as Roeper and Tallerico, although others, including Roeper, believed this fit Walker's persona as someone lacking humanity, and his physical presence made him a suitable foil for Ethan.Phillips and O'Hara, among others, praised the returning cast of Rhames, Pegg, Baldwin, and Harris, while lamenting the film's focus on Ethan left little room to develop their characters. Kinnard and Richard Lawson singled out Pegg and Rhames for making Cruise more relatable by association, but believed Pegg's humor and Harris's "delightfully wicked" portrayal were underutilized. Ferguson was praised by reviewers such as Grierson and Berardinelli for her smart, formidable, and captivating performance and "palpable" romantic chemistry with Cruise, despite her screen time being lower than in Rogue Nation. Tallerico and David Edelstein said that she upstaged the other cast as the franchise's standout character. Kirby was also well received by critics such as Kenneth Turan for her captivating and engaging portrayal that provided some of the film's more interesting moments.

Accolades
At the 72nd British Academy Film Awards in 2018, Mission: Impossible – Fallout was nominated for Best Sound (Gilbert Lake, James H. Mather, Christopher Munro, and Mike Prestwood Smith). For the 44th People's Choice Awards, the film was nominated for Action Movie of 2018, Movie of 2018, as well as Action Movie Star of 2018 and Male Movie Star of 2018 (both Cruise). Fallout won Best Action Movie at the 24th Critics' Choice Awards and was nominated for Best Visual Effects. At the 45th Saturn Awards, Fallout was named Best Action or Adventure Film and was nominated for Best Actor (Cruise), Best Writing (McQuarrie), and Best Special Effects (Andrew Booth, Neil Corbould, Huw J. Evans, and Jody Johnson).The stunt crew were nominated for Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture at the 25th Screen Actors Guild Awards. Jody Johnson and Eddie Hamilton won respective awards for Best Visual Effects and Best Film Editing from the Seattle Film Critics Society; Rob Hardy and Lorne Balfe received separate nominations for Best Cinematography and Best Original Score. The 2019 Location Managers Guild Awards gave awards for Outstanding Locations in Contemporary Films (David Campbell-Bell and Ben Piltz) and Outstanding Film Commission (KJ Jennings – Film Otago Southland).

Post-release
Home media
The film soundtrack was released digitally and on compact disc in July 2018. Mission: Impossible – Fallout was released as a digital download in November 2018, followed in December with 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD releases. All versions except the DVD contain special features including audio commentaries by McQuarrie, Cruise, Balfe, and Hamilton, "Behind the Fallout" — a 7-part documentary covering the film's production and characters —  deleted scenes, storyboards, and the film's trailer. Fallout was also released in a collection alongside the five previous Mission: Impossible films. The soundtrack received a vinyl record release in July 2019.

Thematic analysis
Morality and sacrifice
Fallout delves into Ethan's moral struggles as he grapples with the weight of saving countless lives. Originally, McQuarrie envisioned Ethan adopting the Lark persona for the majority of Fallout, forcing him into morally gray acts to safeguard the greater good. The title Fallout was chosen both to represent the literal nuclear threat and the fallout of Ethan's actions. Critic Matthew Rozsa wrote that Fallout challenges Ethan to face the repercussions of his well-intentioned decisions, particularly his unwavering stance against sacrificing innocent lives. His dilemma lies in caring deeply about every individual, both his strength and vulnerability. Critics Peter Travers and Michael Philips believed that Ethan's vulnerability is exposed during when he chooses to save his friend Luther, inadvertently allowing the theft of plutonium by the Apostles, an action haunting him throughout the film as he strives to make amends.According to analysis by RogerEbert.com, some characters see Ethan's refusal to sacrifice lives unnecessarily as his greatest asset, but at the same time Ethan regularly gives little value to his own life, entering into one dangerous situation after another because he feels responsible for the lives now at risk from the stolen plutonium. In another scene, Ethan sacrifices his cover as Lark to save a police officer from execution, showcasing his moral compass in every action and encounter, as highlighted by critics Brian Truitt and Brian Tallerico, the latter likening it to an action film's version of the Trolley problem. Fallout explains that a man like Hunt continuously endangers his life and chooses to accept impossible missions because he has the means to save people and is unable to allow deaths through his own inaction. Critic Peter Debruge believed Ethan's clean-cut relentless hero served both a narrative and practical purpose, trading off Cruise's public persona as a cinema star with a conscience and unwavering convictions.Fallout also considers the toll Ethan's life takes on him and those close to him. Debruge wrote that Ethan's marriage to Julia falters, in part, because she realizes his duty to protect the world outweighs his commitment to her. Ethan's unshared fears and regrets manifest in dream sequences, revealing his deepest anxieties, including one where Lane oversees his wedding to Julia, representing Ethan's fear of harm befalling her because of him. Critic Nick Allen notes that the Mission: Impossible series, including Fallout, avoids the common trope of motivating the male protagonist, Ethan, through the death of a loved one such as Vesper Lynd in Casino Royale (2006) and Rachel Dawes in The Dark Knight (2008). Even so, Julia becomes a significant vulnerability that antagonists like Lane and Walker exploit. The evolving nature of their relationship is evident as Fallout concludes, revealing that Julia has forged her path independently, without waiting for Ethan, signifying growth for both characters since her introduction in Mission: Impossible III. Due to Ethan's established connection with Julia, his dynamic with Ilsa remains primarily platonic, allowing Ilsa to be portrayed as a fully developed character, distinct from her relationship with Ethan. Ilsa, depicted as Ethan's equal in the world of espionage, possesses the capability to protect herself in perilous situations, relieving Ethan from compromising his career for a romantic relationship.In contrast to Ethan's self-sacrificing nature, his adversaries are indifferent to life, deeming the current world order corrupt and in need of destruction. Their ideology deems that a great suffering must be inflicted to achieve an even greater peace. However, Lane's motivations are driven by a desire for vengeance against Ethan, intending to inflict suffering by placing Julia and Ethan's friends at the center of a potential nuclear explosion. Walker is the antithesis of Ethan's measured approach, being described as a "hammer" who completes his objectives regardless of any collaterial damage. Tallerico reflects on how Fallout prompts a consideration between Ethan's ethical approach and Walker's ruthless efficiency.

Ageing
Film professor Lisa Purse examined the cultural perceptions of, and media interest in, Cruise's relatively youthful appearance compared to his age (56-years-old when Fallout was released). His commitment to real stunts and physicality contrasts against the age-related decline typically seen in his aging action star contemporaries. Professor Kelvin Ke Jinde's considered age to be typically associated with decline and decay but also representing maturity and personal growth which, aided by the longevity of the Mission: Impossible series, allowed the Ethan character to evolve over several decades and reshape the representation of the ageing hero. Purse acknowledges Cruise's access to advanced health regimens inaccessible to the average person but emphasizes his performances, defying aging stereotypes by showcasing dynamic physical prowess.Ke Jinde's analysis delves into the resurgence of aging action stars like Arnold Schwarzenegger, Sylvester Stallone, and Bruce Willis, reviving '80s action franchises characterized by simplistic, violence-driven portrayals of hyper-masculinity. Contrasting this, Jinde observes the evolution in representations of aging heroes, especially Ethan in the Mission: Impossible series. The modern aging hero focuses on social connections, self-sacrifice, and action beyond violence, reshaping the perception of mature heroes. This transformation involves sacrifices such as Ethan's choice to end his relationship with Julia and forgo a settled family life, driven by his sense of responsibility to the world.

Fake news
Analysts Rebecca Keegan and Matt Miller analysed an early scene in which the IMF trick Nils Delbruuk into divulging information about Lark's bombs through a fabricated news broadcast, drawing parallels between this fictional scenario and real-world concerns about the rise of fake news. They emphasized the contemporary challenges to journalistic integrity, including political criticisms, organized misinformation, declining public trust, and the struggle to discern truth from fiction. Incorporating real news figures like Wolf Blitzer in a Hollywood action film adds an element of realism but also sparks ethical concerns, potentially risking damage to journalistic credibility. Deborah Potter, a former network correspondent, and Duy Linh Tu, a journalism professor, voiced apprehensions regarding the implications of this cameo appearance. Educator Brett Lamb highlighted the rapid advancements in technology, like deepfakes, enabling digital facial replacements, as seen in Justice League with the removal of Cavill's mustache, varying in convincingness but demonstrating the evolution of fake news creation and dissemination.

Legacy
Retrospective assessments
In the years since its release, several publications, such as Esquire, IndieWire, and Time Out, have listed Fallout as among the best action and spy films. Comparing films in the Mission: Impossible franchise, Fallout is often ranked as the best or second-best film.As of the release of the seventh installment, Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One, in 2023, Fallout remains the highest-grossing and highest-critically rated installment in the series according to Rotten Tomatoes and Metacritic. Cavill's August Walker has also been repeatedly listed as among the top three Mission: Impossible antagonists. A retrospective assessment by /Film said that a protagonist is only as memorable as his antagonist, highlighting Walker as a great villain because of his imposing physicality and charm. McQuarrie said that received "endless grief" from fans on social media for killing off Walker.

Cultural influence
A scene of Cavill pumping or "reloading" his biceps in preparation during the bathroom fight with the decoy Lark became an Internet meme. Cavill improvised the motion to warm up his muscles due to soreness after three weeks of filming the scene. When no one remarked on the move, he thought it had looked out of place and did not repeat it until McQuarrie asked him to keep doing it. In 2020, Fallout was among the action films director James Gunn recommended people watch during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sequels
Mission: Impossible – Fallout was followed by Mission: Impossible – Dead Reckoning Part One (2023). It features many of the same cast and crew including Cruise, Rhames, Pegg, Ferguson, and Kirby reprising their roles, as well as McQuarrie as director and writer. Dead Reckoning Part One also introduces Hayley Atwell as an ally to Ethan, and Esai Morales as his old rival who is working for a rogue artificial intelligence known as The Entity. An eighth film is scheduled for release in 2025. Although reported to be the final instalments of the franchise, both Cruise and McQuarrie have expressed interest in developing further sequels.

Notes
References
Citations
Works cited
Jinde, K.K. (November 24, 2022). "Tom Cruise As Ethan Hunt: Virtuous Masculinity And Ageing Heroes In Geriaction Cinema". Gender and Action Films 2000 and Beyond. Leeds, England: Emerald Publishing Limited: 7-20. doi:10.1108/978-1-80117-518-020221003. ISBN 978-1-80117-519-7.
Lamb, Brett (September 2018). "False Witnesses: Fact And Fiction In The Age Of Fake News". Screen Education. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press: 94-99. ProQuest 2279761360.
Purse, Lisa (May 1, 2017). "Confronting The Impossibility Of Impossible Bodies: Tom Cruise And The Ageing Male Action Hero Movie". Revisiting Star Studies. Oxford, England: Oxford Academic: 7-20. doi:10.3366/edinburgh/9781474404310.003.0009. ISBN 9781474404310. S2CID 228160519.

External links
Mission: Impossible – Fallout at IMDb 
Mission: Impossible – Fallout at AllMovie
Mission: Impossible – Fallout at the TCM Movie Database