Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro (NL Hydro), commonly known as Hydro, is a provincial Crown corporation that generates and delivers electricity for Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as portions of Quebec and the north-eastern areas of the United States. Between 2007 and 2021, NL Hydro was a subsidiary of the provincial Crown-owned energy holding company Nalcor Energy. Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro's installed generating capacity, 8034 megawatts (MW), is the fourth largest of all utility companies in Canada. Generating assets consist of 16 hydroelectric plants, including  the Churchill Falls hydroelectric plant, which is the second largest underground power station in the world, with a rated capacity of 5,428 MW of power, one oil-fired plant, four gas turbines and 26 diesel plants. Every year, Hydro generates and transmits over 80% of the electrical energy consumed by Newfoundlanders and Labradorians – over 6,487 GWh of energy in 2004.
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro (NL Hydro), commonly known as Hydro, is a provincial Crown corporation that generates and delivers electricity for Newfoundland and Labrador, as well as portions of Quebec and the north-eastern areas of the United States. Between 2007 and 2021, NL Hydro was a subsidiary of the provincial Crown-owned energy holding company Nalcor Energy.
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro's installed generating capacity, 8034 megawatts (MW), is the fourth largest of all utility companies in Canada. Generating assets consist of 16 hydroelectric plants, including  the Churchill Falls hydroelectric plant, which is the second largest underground power station in the world, with a rated capacity of 5,428 MW of power, one oil-fired plant, four gas turbines and 26 diesel plants. Every year, Hydro generates and transmits over 80% of the electrical energy consumed by Newfoundlanders and Labradorians – over 6,487 GWh of energy in 2004. Hydro also distributes power directly to 35,000 customers in rural Newfoundland and Labrador.
In 1975, the Newfoundland and Labrador Power Commission, a crown corporation originally established to assist in rural electrification, was renamed Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro Corporation.
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro is the parent company of the Hydro Group of Companies, which comprises

Churchill Falls (Labrador) Corporation Limited (CFLCo)
Lower Churchill Development Corporation Limited (LCDC)
Gull Island Power Company Limited (GIPCo)
Twin Falls Power Corporation Limited (TwinCo)

Grid operations, services and connections
Atlantic power connections
The Nova Scotia government commissioned (from SNC-Lavalin) a study in 2009 to consider an Atlantic wide regional electricity market operator.A $6.2 billion deal between Newfoundland and Labrador's Nalcor Energy and Halifax, Nova Scotia-based Emera to develop the Lower Churchill Project was announced in November 2010. On November 30, 2012, a federal loan guarantee deal for financing of the project was signed by Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Kathy Dunderdale and Nova Scotia Premier Darrell Dexter. On December 17, 2012, the provincial government announced project sanction. Emera received approval to proceed with the Maritime Link from the Nova Scotia Utility and Review Board in 2013. Financial close for the loan guarantee occurred in late 2013. On September 23, 2020, the first unit at Muskrat Falls was synced to the electricity grid in Labrador. Power from the remaining three units was originally expected to come online in the fall of 2021. However, there were delays in construction, including on the corresponding Labrador–Island Link which will transmit generated power to a converter outside St. John's.

Generating facilities
Hydroelectric Generating Stations
Labrador (6,271 MW)
Churchill Falls Generating Station, 5428 MW
Muskrat Falls Generating Station, 824 MW
Menihek Hydroelectric Generating Station, 19 MW
Twin Falls Hydroelectric Generating Station, 225 MW (non-operating)
Lower Churchill Generation Project, 2250  MW (in planning)
Mary's Harbour, 240 kW

Newfoundland (1,254 MW)
Bay d'Espoir Hydroelectric Generating Facility
Cat Arm Hydroelectric Generating Station
Granite Canal Hydroelectric Generating Station
Hinds Lake Hydroelectric Generating Station
Paradise River Hydroelectric Generating Station
Upper Salmon Hydroelectric Generating Station
Roddickton Hydroelectric generating station
Snooks Arm Hydroelectric Generating Station
Venams Bight Hydroelectric Generating Station
Star Lake Hydroelectric Generating Station
Exploits River (Grand Falls) Hydroelectric Generating Station
Exploits River (Bishops Falls) Hydroelectric Generating Station

Non-Utility Generators
Rattling Brook Hydroelectric Generating Station (Newfoundland Power)
Deer Lake Hydroelectric Generating Station (Corner Brook Pulp and Paper)
Corner Brook Stream Hydroelectric Generating Station (Corner Brook Pulp and Paper)

Thermal (Diesel) Generating Stations
Labrador (32.8 MW)
Happy Valley-Goose Bay
Mud Lake
Black Tickle
Cartwright
Charlottetown
Hopedale
L'Anse-au-Loup
Makkovik
Mary's Harbour
Nain
Norman's Bay
Port Hope Simpson
Postville
Rigolet
St. Lewis
Williams Harbour

Newfoundland (23.5 MW)
Francois
Grey River
Hawke's Bay
McCallum
Ramea (Wind Diesel)
St. Anthony
St. Brendan's

Thermal (Oil) Generating Stations
Newfoundland (490 MW)
Holyrood Thermal Generating Station

Gas Turbine Generating Stations
Labrador (27 MW)
Happy Valley-Goose Bay

Newfoundland (223.5 MW)
Hardwoods 47°31′27″N 52°50′49″W
Holyrood  47°27′10.14″N 53°05′43.73″W
Stephenville 48°32′08″N 58°31′04″W

Solar Generating Stations
Mary's Harbour, 190 kW

Highlights in the history of Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro
1947 – George Desbarats hired as an engineering consultant to undertake a water power survey
1949 – Premier Joseph R. Smallwood promised to create a public utility
1954 – On June 22, the Power Commission Act was passed creating the Newfoundland Power Commission, what would become Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro
1956 – George Desbarats began as Commissioner and sole employee of the Newfoundland Power Commission.
1956 – British Newfoundland Development Corporation (BRINCO) was formed to explore development at Bay d'Espoir and later Churchill Falls
1958 – Premier Smallwood announced his Rural Electrification Plan
1958 – John Ryan succeeds George Desbarats as Chair of the Commission
1961 – Frank Newbury becomes Chair of the Commission
1963 – Government passed the Rural Electrification Act, which established power distribution districts (PDDs) to assist non-incorporated municipalities to access electricity where feasible
1964 – George Hobbs becomes Chair
1964 – Bay d'Espoir Hydro Electric Development begins
1965 – Government signed an agreement with Newfoundland Light and Power to give it ownership of the rural lines connected to its system. Any future lines would be jointly constructed.
1965 – The Newfoundland and Labrador Power Commission Act replaced the 1954 Power Commission Act and created the Newfoundland and Labrador Rural Electrical Authority (REA). The Act also provided for the establishment of a province-wide electrical code.
1966 – Bay d'Espoir Stage 2 began construction
1968 – Construction on Holyrood Thermal Generating Station began
1969 – CFLCo and Hydro-Québec sign the Upper Churchill Falls power contract
1971 – First power from Churchill Falls delivered to Quebec
1974 – Churchill Falls project was complete.
1974 – Wallace Read replaces George Hobbs as Chair of the Power Commission.
1974 - Government acquires part ownership of CFLCo from Brinco
1975 – Government reforms the Commission into the Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro-Electric Corporation (Hydro)
1975 – Denis Groom appointed as president and CEO of Hydro
1975 – Government appoints Douglas Fullerton as the first Chairman of the Board of the Hydro Group of Companies.
1978 – Stage 3 of the Bay d'Espoir project was officially opened
1978 – Victor Young replaced Denis Groom as chairman and CEO of Hydro
1980 – Hinds Lake Hydro Electric Development came on stream
1981 – Roddickton hydro generating station opened
1983 – Upper Salmon Hydro Electric Development plant opened
1985 – Cat Arm Hydro Electric Development opened making it the second largest hydro project on Newfoundland.
1985 – Cyril Abery replaced Vic Young as chairman and CEO
1989 – Paradise River Hydro Electric Development became operational
1989 – Hydro Place became the official headquarters for the Hydro Group of Companies
1991 – Cyril Abery resigned as chairman and CEO. He was replaced by David Mercer as president and CEO, while James Chalker assumed the duties of chairman of the board.
1995 – William Wells replaced David Mercer as president and CEO of Hydro.
1998 – Two private hydro projects at Star Lake and Rattle Brook were put into service
2003 – New 40 MW Granite Canal Hydro Electric Development officially opened
2019 - Jennifer Williams replaces Jim Hynes as President of Hydro
2021 - On June 23, 2021, Premier Andrew Furey announced Nalcor Energy would be dismantled and folded into Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro.
2023 - In April 2023, Jennifer Williams, CEO of Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro, announced the completion of the final successful test of the 1100km transmission link to Newfoundland as part of the Lower Churchill Project. Originally approved in 2012 with an anticipated price tag of around $7.4 billion, the costs of the project had ballooned to more than $13 billion.

See also
Newfoundland Power
Fortis Inc.

References
External links
Newfoundland and Labrador Hydro
The loophole in the 1969 Hydro-Quebec/CFLCo. agreement