Little penguin Polo likes permutations. But most of all he likes permutations of integers from 0 to n, inclusive.

For permutation p = p0, p1, ..., pn, Polo has defined its beauty — number <image>.

Expression <image> means applying the operation of bitwise excluding "OR" to numbers x and y. This operation exists in all modern programming languages, for example, in language C++ and Java it is represented as "^" and in Pascal — as "xor".

Help him find among all permutations of integers from 0 to n the permutation with the maximum beauty.

Input

The single line contains a positive integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 106).

Output

In the first line print integer m the maximum possible beauty. In the second line print any permutation of integers from 0 to n with the beauty equal to m.

If there are several suitable permutations, you are allowed to print any of them.

Examples

Input

4


Output

20
0 2 1 4 3
import static java.lang.Integer.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.*;

//@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public class C {

	private final static boolean autoflush = false;

	public C () {
		int N = sc.nextInt();
		int [] res = new int [N+1]; fill(res, -1);
		for (int p : seq(1, N))
			if (res[p] == -1)  {
				int M = highestOneBit(p);
				int q = (int)mod((~p), M);
				res[p] = q; res[q] = p;
			}
		res[0] = max(0, res[0]);

		long B = 0;
		for (int i : req(0, N))
			B += i ^ res[i];
		//assert(B == 1L*N*(N+1));

		print(B);
		exit(res);
	}

	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	private static int [] rep(int N) { return rep(0, N); }
	private static int [] rep(int S, int T) { int [] res = new int [max(T-S, 0)]; for (int i = S; i < T; ++i) res[i-S] = i; return res; }
	private static int [] req(int S, int T) { return rep(S, T+1); }
	private static int [] sep(int S, int T) { int [] res = new int [max(T-S, 0)]; for (int i = S; i < T; ++i) res[T-1-i] = i; return res; }
	private static int [] seq(int S, int T) { return sep(S, T+1); }
	private static <T extends Comparable<T>> T max(T x, T y) {
		return x.compareTo(y) > 0 ? x : y;
	}
	private static long mod(long x, long mod) {
		return ((x % mod) + mod) % mod;
	}
	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	private final static MyScanner sc = new MyScanner();
	private static class MyScanner {
		private String next() {
			newLine();
			return line[index++];
		}
		private int nextInt() {
			return Integer.parseInt(next());
		}
		//////////////////////////////////////////////
		private boolean eol() {
			return index == line.length;
		}
		private String readLine() {
			try {
				return r.readLine();
			} catch (Exception e) {
				throw new Error (e);
			}
		}
		private final java.io.BufferedReader r;
		private MyScanner () {
			this(new java.io.BufferedReader(new java.io.InputStreamReader(System.in)));
		}
		private MyScanner (java.io.BufferedReader r) {
			try {
				this.r = r;
				while (!r.ready())
					Thread.sleep(1);
				start();
			} catch (Exception e) {
				throw new Error(e);
			}
		}
		private String [] line;
		private int index;
		private void newLine() {
			if (line == null || eol()) {
				line = readLine().split(" ");
				index = 0;
			}
		}
	}
	private static void print (Object o, Object... a) {
		printDelim(" ", o, a);
	}
	private static void printDelim (String delim, Object o, Object... a) {
		pw.println(build(delim, o, a));
	}
	private static void exit (Object o, Object... a) {
		print(o, a);
		exit();
	}
	private static void exit() {
		pw.close();
		System.out.flush();
		System.err.println("------------------");
		System.err.println("Time: " + ((millis() - t) / 1000.0));
		System.exit(0);
	}
	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	private static String build (String delim, Object o, Object... a) {
		StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
		append(b, o, delim);
		for (Object p : a)
			append(b, p, delim);
		return b.toString().trim();
	}
	private static void append(StringBuilder b, Object o, String delim) {
		if (o.getClass().isArray()) {
			int L = java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(o);
			for (int i : rep(L))
				append(b, java.lang.reflect.Array.get(o, i), delim);
		} else if (o instanceof Iterable<?>)
			for (Object p : (Iterable<?>)o)
				append(b, p, delim);
		else
			b.append(delim).append(o);
	}
	////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	private static void start() {
		t = millis();
	}
	private static java.io.PrintWriter pw = new java.io.PrintWriter(System.out, autoflush);
	private static long t;
	private static long millis() {
		return System.currentTimeMillis();
	}
	public static void main (String[] args) {
		new C();
		exit();
	}
}
