Little penguin Polo likes permutations. But most of all he likes permutations of integers from 0 to n, inclusive.

For permutation p = p0, p1, ..., pn, Polo has defined its beauty — number <image>.

Expression <image> means applying the operation of bitwise excluding "OR" to numbers x and y. This operation exists in all modern programming languages, for example, in language C++ and Java it is represented as "^" and in Pascal — as "xor".

Help him find among all permutations of integers from 0 to n the permutation with the maximum beauty.

Input

The single line contains a positive integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 106).

Output

In the first line print integer m the maximum possible beauty. In the second line print any permutation of integers from 0 to n with the beauty equal to m.

If there are several suitable permutations, you are allowed to print any of them.

Examples

Input

4


Output

20
0 2 1 4 3
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 * @author vadimmm
 */
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		InputStream inputStream = System.in;
		OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
		InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
		PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
		TaskE solver = new TaskE();
		solver.solve(1, in, out);
		out.close();
	}
}

class TaskE {
    public void solve(int testNumber, InputReader in, PrintWriter out) {
        int n = in.nextInt();
        out.println( ((long) n) * (n + 1) );
        int m;
        int[] answer = new int[n + 1];
        while (n > 0) {
            m = Integer.highestOneBit(n);
            for (int i = 0; m + i <= n && i  < m; ++i) {
                answer[m - i - 1] = m + i;
                answer[m + i] = m - i - 1;
            }
            n = m + m - n - 2;
        }
        for (int i : answer) {
            out.print(i);
            out.print(" ");
        }
    }
}

class InputReader {

    private static BufferedReader bufferedReader;
    private static StringTokenizer stringTokenizer;

    public InputReader(InputStream inputStream) {
        bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
        stringTokenizer = null;
    }

    public String next() {
        while(stringTokenizer == null || !stringTokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
            try {
                stringTokenizer = new StringTokenizer(bufferedReader.readLine());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return stringTokenizer.nextToken();
    }

    public int nextInt() {
        return Integer.parseInt(next());
    }

    }

