Little penguin Polo likes permutations. But most of all he likes permutations of integers from 0 to n, inclusive.

For permutation p = p0, p1, ..., pn, Polo has defined its beauty — number <image>.

Expression <image> means applying the operation of bitwise excluding "OR" to numbers x and y. This operation exists in all modern programming languages, for example, in language C++ and Java it is represented as "^" and in Pascal — as "xor".

Help him find among all permutations of integers from 0 to n the permutation with the maximum beauty.

Input

The single line contains a positive integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 106).

Output

In the first line print integer m the maximum possible beauty. In the second line print any permutation of integers from 0 to n with the beauty equal to m.

If there are several suitable permutations, you are allowed to print any of them.

Examples

Input

4


Output

20
0 2 1 4 3
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;


public class Main {
	
	Scanner in;
	static PrintWriter out;
	
	
	void solveFor(int ar[], int maxUsedNum) {
		if (maxUsedNum <= 0) {
			return;
		}
		int powerOfTwo = 0;
		for (int power = 0;; power++) {
			powerOfTwo = (1 << power);
			if (maxUsedNum < powerOfTwo) {
				break;
			}
		}
		powerOfTwo /= 2;
		int diff = maxUsedNum - powerOfTwo;
		for (int i = 0; i <= diff; i++) {
			int first = maxUsedNum - i;
			int second = powerOfTwo - (diff - i) - 1;
			ar[first] = second;
			ar[second] = first;
		}
		solveFor(ar, powerOfTwo - diff - 2);
	}
	
	void solve() {
		int maxUsedNum = in.nextInt();
		int []ar = new int[maxUsedNum + 1];
		solveFor(ar, maxUsedNum);
		long sum = 0;
		for (int i = 0; i < ar.length; i++) {
			sum = sum + (ar[i] ^ i);
		}
		out.println(sum);
		for (int i = 0; i < ar.length; i++) {
			out.print(ar[i]);
			out.print(" ");
		}
	}
	
	
	static void check(boolean e) {
		if (!e) {
			throw new Error();
		}
	}
	
	
	public void run() {
		in = new Scanner(System.in);
		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		
		try {
			solve();
		} finally {
			out.close();
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new Main().run();
	}

} 