Little penguin Polo likes permutations. But most of all he likes permutations of integers from 0 to n, inclusive.

For permutation p = p0, p1, ..., pn, Polo has defined its beauty — number <image>.

Expression <image> means applying the operation of bitwise excluding "OR" to numbers x and y. This operation exists in all modern programming languages, for example, in language C++ and Java it is represented as "^" and in Pascal — as "xor".

Help him find among all permutations of integers from 0 to n the permutation with the maximum beauty.

Input

The single line contains a positive integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 106).

Output

In the first line print integer m the maximum possible beauty. In the second line print any permutation of integers from 0 to n with the beauty equal to m.

If there are several suitable permutations, you are allowed to print any of them.

Examples

Input

4


Output

20
0 2 1 4 3
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 * @author AlexFetisov
 */
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		InputStream inputStream = System.in;
		OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
		InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
		PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
		TaskC solver = new TaskC();
		solver.solve(1, in, out);
		out.close();
	}
}

class TaskC {
    public void solve(int testNumber, InputReader in, PrintWriter out) {
        int n = in.nextInt();

        int[] res = new int[n+1];
        out.println(n * 1L * (n + 1));
        while (n > 0) {
            int b = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(Integer.highestOneBit(n));
            int m = (1 << b);
            int left = m-1;
            int right = m;
            while (right <= n && left >= 0) {
                res[left] = right;
                res[right] = left;
                --left;
                ++right;
            }
            n = left;
        }
        out.println(ArrayUtils.toString(res));
    }
}

class InputReader {
    private BufferedReader reader;
    private StringTokenizer stt;

    public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
        reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream));
    }

    public String nextLine() {
        try {
            return reader.readLine();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    public String nextString() {
        while (stt == null || !stt.hasMoreTokens()) {
            stt = new StringTokenizer(nextLine());
        }
        return stt.nextToken();
    }

    public int nextInt() {
        return Integer.parseInt(nextString());
    }

}

class ArrayUtils {

    public static String toString(int[] a) {
        StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder("");
        for (int x : a) result.append(x).append(' ');
        return result.substring(0, result.length()-1);
    }

}

