You are playing another computer game, and now you have to slay n monsters. These monsters are standing in a circle, numbered clockwise from 1 to n. Initially, the i-th monster has a_i health.

You may shoot the monsters to kill them. Each shot requires exactly one bullet and decreases the health of the targeted monster by 1 (deals 1 damage to it). Furthermore, when the health of some monster i becomes 0 or less than 0, it dies and explodes, dealing b_i damage to the next monster (monster i + 1, if i < n, or monster 1, if i = n). If the next monster is already dead, then nothing happens. If the explosion kills the next monster, it explodes too, damaging the monster after it and possibly triggering another explosion, and so on.

You have to calculate the minimum number of bullets you have to fire to kill all n monsters in the circle.

Input

The first line contains one integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 150000) — the number of test cases.

Then the test cases follow, each test case begins with a line containing one integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 300000) — the number of monsters. Then n lines follow, each containing two integers a_i and b_i (1 ≤ a_i, b_i ≤ 10^{12}) — the parameters of the i-th monster in the circle.

It is guaranteed that the total number of monsters in all test cases does not exceed 300000.

Output

For each test case, print one integer — the minimum number of bullets you have to fire to kill all of the monsters.

Example

Input


1
3
7 15
2 14
5 3


Output


6
			
import java.util.*;import java.io.*;import java.math.*;

public class Main
{

    public static void process()throws IOException
    {
    	int n=ni();
    	long pref[]=new long[n+2],suff[]=new long[n+2],a[]=new long[n+2],b[]=new long[n+2];
    	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){a[i]=nl(); b[i]=nl();}

    	b[0]=b[n];
    	
    	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    		pref[i]=Math.max(0l, a[i]-b[i-1]);

    	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) pref[i]+=pref[i-1];

    	long res=Long.MAX_VALUE;

    	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
    		res=Math.min(res, a[i]+pref[i-1]+pref[n]-pref[i]);
    	}	
    	pn(res);
    }


    static AnotherReader sc;
    static PrintWriter out;
    public static void main(String[]args)throws IOException
    {
        out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        sc=new AnotherReader();
        boolean oj = true;

    	oj = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;
    	if(!oj) sc=new AnotherReader(100);

        long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int t=1;
		t=ni();
        while(t-->0)
            process();
        out.flush();
        if(!oj)
            System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-s+"ms");
        System.out.close();  
    }
	
    
    static void pn(Object o){out.println(o);}
    static void p(Object o){out.print(o);}
    static void pni(Object o){out.println(o);System.out.flush();}
    static int ni()throws IOException{return sc.nextInt();}
    static long nl()throws IOException{return sc.nextLong();}
    static double nd()throws IOException{return sc.nextDouble();}
    static String nln()throws IOException{return sc.nextLine();}
    static long gcd(long a, long b)throws IOException{return (b==0)?a:gcd(b,a%b);}
    static int gcd(int a, int b)throws IOException{return (b==0)?a:gcd(b,a%b);}
    static int bit(long n)throws IOException{return (n==0)?0:(1+bit(n&(n-1)));}
    static boolean multipleTC=false;
    static long mod=(long)1e9+7l;

    static void r_sort(int arr[],int n){
        Random r = new Random(); 
        for (int i = n-1; i > 0; i--){ 
            int j = r.nextInt(i+1); 
                  
            int temp = arr[i]; 
            arr[i] = arr[j]; 
            arr[j] = temp; 
        } 
        Arrays.sort(arr); 
    }

    static long mpow(long x, long n) {
        if(n == 0)
            return 1;
        if(n % 2 == 0) {
            long root = mpow(x, n / 2);
            return root * root % mod;
        }else {
            return x * mpow(x, n - 1) % mod;
        }
    }
    
    static long mcomb(long a, long b) {
        if(b > a - b)
            return mcomb(a, a - b);
        long m = 1;
        long d = 1;
        long i;
        for(i = 0; i < b; i++) {
            m *= (a - i);
            m %= mod;
            d *= (i + 1);
            d %= mod;
        }
        long ans = m * mpow(d, mod - 2) % mod;
        return ans;
    }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    static class AnotherReader{BufferedReader br; StringTokenizer st;
    AnotherReader()throws FileNotFoundException{
    br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));}
    AnotherReader(int a)throws FileNotFoundException{
    br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("input.txt"));}
    String next()throws IOException{
    while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {try{
    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());}
    catch (IOException  e){ e.printStackTrace(); }}
    return st.nextToken(); } int nextInt() throws IOException{
    return Integer.parseInt(next());}
    long nextLong() throws IOException
    {return Long.parseLong(next());}
    double nextDouble()throws IOException { return Double.parseDouble(next()); }
    String nextLine() throws IOException{ String str = ""; try{
    str = br.readLine();} catch (IOException e){
    e.printStackTrace();} return str;}}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
}