You are playing another computer game, and now you have to slay n monsters. These monsters are standing in a circle, numbered clockwise from 1 to n. Initially, the i-th monster has a_i health.

You may shoot the monsters to kill them. Each shot requires exactly one bullet and decreases the health of the targeted monster by 1 (deals 1 damage to it). Furthermore, when the health of some monster i becomes 0 or less than 0, it dies and explodes, dealing b_i damage to the next monster (monster i + 1, if i < n, or monster 1, if i = n). If the next monster is already dead, then nothing happens. If the explosion kills the next monster, it explodes too, damaging the monster after it and possibly triggering another explosion, and so on.

You have to calculate the minimum number of bullets you have to fire to kill all n monsters in the circle.

Input

The first line contains one integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 150000) — the number of test cases.

Then the test cases follow, each test case begins with a line containing one integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 300000) — the number of monsters. Then n lines follow, each containing two integers a_i and b_i (1 ≤ a_i, b_i ≤ 10^{12}) — the parameters of the i-th monster in the circle.

It is guaranteed that the total number of monsters in all test cases does not exceed 300000.

Output

For each test case, print one integer — the minimum number of bullets you have to fire to kill all of the monsters.

Example

Input


1
3
7 15
2 14
5 3


Output


6
"""Template for Python Competitive Programmers prepared by Mayank Chaudhary """

# to use the print and division function of Python3
from __future__ import division, print_function

"""value of mod"""
MOD = 998244353
mod = 10**9 + 7

"""use resource"""
# import resource
# resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_STACK, [0x100000000, resource.RLIM_INFINITY])

"""for factorial"""

# def prepare_factorial():
#     fact = [1]
#     for i in range(1, 105):
#         fact.append((fact[-1] * i) % mod)
#     ifact = [0] * 105
#     ifact[104] = pow(fact[104], mod - 2, mod)
#     for i in range(104, 0, -1):
#         ifact[i - 1] = (i * ifact[i]) % mod
#
#     return fact, ifact

"""uncomment next 4 lines while doing recursion based question"""
# import threading
# threading.stack_size(1<<27)
import sys
# sys.setrecursionlimit(10000)


"""uncomment modules according to your need"""
# from bisect import bisect_left, bisect_right, insort
# import itertools
# from math import floor, ceil, sqrt, degrees, atan, pi
# from heapq import heappop, heapify, heappush
# from random import randint as rn
# from Queue import Queue as Q
# from collections import Counter, defaultdict, deque
# from copy import deepcopy
'''
def modinv(n, p):
    return pow(n, p - 2, p)
'''


# def ncr(n, r,  fact, ifact):  # for using this uncomment the lines calculating fact and ifact
#     t = (fact[n] * (ifact[r]*ifact[n-r]) % mod)% mod
#     return t



def get_ints(): return map(int, sys.stdin.readline().strip().split())
def get_array(): return list(map(int, sys.stdin.readline().strip().split()))
def input(): return sys.stdin.readline().strip()


# def GCD(x, y):
#     while (y):
#         x, y = y, x % y
#     return x

# def lcm(x, y):
#     return (x*y)//(GCD(x, y))

# def get_xor(n):
#     return [n,1,n+1,0][n%4]

# def binary_expo(a, b):
#
#     result = 1
#     while b:
#         if b&1:
#             result *= a
#             b-=1
#         else:
#             a *= a
#             b >>= 1
#     return result

""" ******************************************************* """

def main():

    T = int(input())
    while T:
        n = int(input())
        Arr = []
        for i in range(n):
            a, b = get_ints()
            Arr.append((a, b))

        store = [0]*n
        for i in range(n):
            store[i] = max(0, Arr[i][0] - Arr[i-1][1])

        total = sum(store)

        mini = float('inf')

        for index, value in enumerate(Arr):
            if value[0]+(total - store[index]) < mini:
                mini = value[0]+(total - store[index])

        print(mini)
        T-=1

""" -------- Python 2 and 3 footer by Pajenegod and c1729 ---------"""

py2 = round(0.5)
if py2:
    from future_builtins import ascii, filter, hex, map, oct, zip

    range = xrange

import os, sys
from io import IOBase, BytesIO

BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(BytesIO):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._file = file
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "w" in file.mode
        self.write = super(FastIO, self).write if self.writable else None

    def _fill(self):
        s = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
        self.seek((self.tell(), self.seek(0, 2), super(FastIO, self).write(s))[0])
        return s

    def read(self):
        while self._fill(): pass
        return super(FastIO, self).read()

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            s = self._fill();
            self.newlines = s.count(b"\n") + (not s)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return super(FastIO, self).readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.getvalue())
            self.truncate(0), self.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        if py2:
            self.write = self.buffer.write
            self.read = self.buffer.read
            self.readline = self.buffer.readline
        else:
            self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode('ascii'))
            self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode('ascii')
            self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode('ascii')


sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)
input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip('\r\n')

# sys.stdin = open('input.txt', 'r')
# sys.stdout = open('output.txt', 'w')

""" main function"""

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
    # threading.Thread(target=main).start()