You are playing another computer game, and now you have to slay n monsters. These monsters are standing in a circle, numbered clockwise from 1 to n. Initially, the i-th monster has a_i health.

You may shoot the monsters to kill them. Each shot requires exactly one bullet and decreases the health of the targeted monster by 1 (deals 1 damage to it). Furthermore, when the health of some monster i becomes 0 or less than 0, it dies and explodes, dealing b_i damage to the next monster (monster i + 1, if i < n, or monster 1, if i = n). If the next monster is already dead, then nothing happens. If the explosion kills the next monster, it explodes too, damaging the monster after it and possibly triggering another explosion, and so on.

You have to calculate the minimum number of bullets you have to fire to kill all n monsters in the circle.

Input

The first line contains one integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 150000) — the number of test cases.

Then the test cases follow, each test case begins with a line containing one integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 300000) — the number of monsters. Then n lines follow, each containing two integers a_i and b_i (1 ≤ a_i, b_i ≤ 10^{12}) — the parameters of the i-th monster in the circle.

It is guaranteed that the total number of monsters in all test cases does not exceed 300000.

Output

For each test case, print one integer — the minimum number of bullets you have to fire to kill all of the monsters.

Example

Input


1
3
7 15
2 14
5 3


Output


6
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class Main {
InputStream is;
	PrintWriter out;
	String INPUT = ""; 
//class  Declaration

static class pair implements Comparable<pair>{
	int x;
	int y;
	
	
	pair (int i,int j)
	{ x=i; y=j;
		
	}
	public int compareTo(pair p){
		if(this.x!=p.x) { return this.x-p.x;}
		else { return this.y-p.y;}
	}
	public int hashCode() { return (x+" "+y).hashCode();}
	public String toString(){ return x+" "+y;} 
	public boolean equals(Object o){ 
		pair x = (pair) o ;
		return (x.x==this.x&&x.y==this.y);}
}

long mod  = (long)1e9 + 7 ;

void solve() throws Exception{
	int t=ni();
	while(t-->0){
		int n=ni();
		long ba[] = new long[n];
		long a[] = new long[n];
		long b[] = new long[n];
		long sum = 0;
 		for(int i=0;i<n;++i){
			a[i]= nl();
			b[i]=nl();
			
		}
		for(int i=0;i<n;++i){
			ba[i] = Math.max(a[i] - b[(i-1 + n )%n],0); 
			sum+= ba[i] ;

		}
		//watch(ba);
		//pn("sum "+sum);
		long ans  = Long.MAX_VALUE ;
		for(int i=0;i<n;++i){

		//	pn("la : "+ (sum-ba[i]+a[i]));
			ans  = Math.min(sum - ba[i] + a[i] ,ans);

		}
		pn(ans);

	}
}


long pow(long a,long b){
	long result = 1;
	while(b>0){
	if(b%2==1) result = (result * a) % mod;
		b/=2;
		a=(a*a)%mod;
	}
	return result;
}

void print(Object o){
System.out.println(o);
System.out.flush();
}

int gcd(int a, int b) 
{ 
if (b == 0) 
return a; 
return gcd(b, a % b);  
}
void run() throws Exception{
		is = INPUT.isEmpty() ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes());
out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		
		long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
		solve();
		out.flush();
		if(!INPUT.isEmpty())tr(System.currentTimeMillis()-s+"ms");
}
	
	
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { new Main().run(); }
	
//output methods
private void pn(Object o)
{
	out.println(o);
}
private void p(Object o)
{
	out.print(o);
}



//input methods
		private byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
	public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;
	

	private int readByte()
	{
		if(lenbuf == -1)throw new InputMismatchException();
		if(ptrbuf >= lenbuf){
			ptrbuf = 0;
			try { lenbuf = is.read(inbuf); } catch (IOException e) { throw new InputMismatchException(); }
			if(lenbuf <= 0)return -1;
		}
		return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
	}
	
	
	
	
	private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126); }
	private int skip() { int b; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b)); return b; }
	
	private double nd() { return Double.parseDouble(ns()); }
	private char nc() { return (char)skip(); }
	
	private String ns()
	{
		int b = skip();
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		while(!(isSpaceChar(b))){ // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b != ' ')
			sb.appendCodePoint(b);
			b = readByte();
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
	
	private char[] ns(int n)
	{
		char[] buf = new char[n];
		int b = skip(), p = 0;
		while(p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))){
			buf[p++] = (char)b;
			b = readByte();
		}
		return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
	}
		
	private char[][] nm(int n, int m)
	{
		char[][] map = new char[n][];
		for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)map[i] = ns(m);
		return map;
	}
	
	private int[] na(int n)
	{
		int[] a = new int[n];
		for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = ni();
		return a;
	}
	
	private int ni()
	{
		int num = 0, b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'));
		if(b == '-'){
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}
		
		while(true){
			if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			}else{
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}
	
	private long nl()
	{
		long num = 0;
		int b;
		boolean minus = false;
		while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'));
		if(b == '-'){
			minus = true;
			b = readByte();
		}
		
		while(true){
			if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){
				num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
			}else{
				return minus ? -num : num;
			}
			b = readByte();
		}
	}
	
	private void tr(Object... o) { if(INPUT.length() > 0)System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o)); }
	void watch(Object ... a) throws Exception{
		int i=1;
		print("watch starts :");
		for(Object o : a ) {
			//print(o);
			boolean notfound = true;
			if(o.getClass().isArray()){
				
				String type = o.getClass().getName().toString();
				//print("type is "+type);
				switch (type) {
					case "[I":{
						int[] test = (int[])o ;
						print(i+" "+Arrays.toString(test));
						break;
					}
					case "[[I":{
						int[][] obj = (int[][])o;
						
						print(i+" "+Arrays.deepToString(obj));
						break;
					}
					case "[J" : {
						
						long[] obj  = (long[])o ;
						print(i+" "+Arrays.toString(obj));
						break;
					}
					case "[[J": {
						
						long[][] obj = (long[][])o;
						print(i+" "+Arrays.deepToString(obj));
						break;
					}
					case "[D" :{
						
						double[] obj= (double[])o;
						print(i+" "+Arrays.toString(obj));
						break;
					}
					case "[[D" :{
						
						double[][] obj = (double[][])o;
						print(i+" "+Arrays.deepToString(obj));
						break;
					}
					case "[Ljava.lang.String": {
						
						String[] obj = (String[])o ;
						print(i+" "+Arrays.toString(obj));
						break;
					}
					case "[[Ljava.lang.String": {
						
						String[][] obj = (String[][])o ;
						print(i+" "+Arrays.deepToString(obj));
						break ; 
					}
					case "[C" :{
						char[] obj = (char[])o ;
						print(i+" "+Arrays.toString(obj));
						break;
					}
					case "[[C" :{
						
						char[][] obj = (char[][])o;
						print(i+" "+Arrays.deepToString(obj));
						break;
					}

						
				
					default:{
						print(i+" type not identified");
						break;
					}
				}
				notfound = false;
				
			}
			if(o.getClass() == ArrayList.class){
				print(i+" al: "+o);
				notfound = false;
			}
			if(o.getClass() == HashSet.class){
				print(i+" hs: "+o);
				notfound = false;
			}
			if(o.getClass() == TreeSet.class){
				print(i+" ts: "+o);
				notfound = false;
			}
			if(o.getClass() == TreeMap.class){
				print(i+" tm: "+o);
				notfound = false;
			}
			if(o.getClass() == HashMap.class){
				print(i+" hm: "+o);
				notfound = false;
			}
			if(o.getClass() == LinkedList.class){
				print(i+" ll: "+o);
				notfound = false;
			}
			if(o.getClass() == PriorityQueue.class){
				print(i+" pq : "+o);
				notfound = false;
			}
			if(o.getClass() == pair.class){
				print(i+" pq : "+o);
				notfound = false;
			}
			
			if(notfound){
				print(i+" unknown: "+o);
			}
			i++;
		}
		print("watch ends ");
	}

}