There are n coins labeled from 1 to n. Initially, coin c_i is on position i and is facing upwards ((c_1, c_2, ..., c_n) is a permutation of numbers from 1 to n). You can do some operations on these coins. 

In one operation, you can do the following:

  * Choose 2 distinct indices i and j.

  * Then, swap the coins on positions i and j.

  * Then, flip both coins on positions i and j. (If they are initially faced up, they will be faced down after the operation and vice versa)




Construct a sequence of at most n+1 operations such that after performing all these operations the coin i will be on position i at the end, facing up.

Note that you do not need to minimize the number of operations.

Input

The first line contains an integer n (3 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of coins.

The second line contains n integers c_1,c_2,...,c_n (1 ≤ c_i ≤ n, c_i ≠ c_j for i≠ j).

Output

In the first line, output an integer q (0 ≤ q ≤ n+1) — the number of operations you used.

In the following q lines, output two integers i and j (1 ≤ i, j ≤ n, i ≠ j) — the positions you chose for the current operation.

Examples

Input


3
2 1 3


Output


3
1 3
3 2
3 1


Input


5
1 2 3 4 5


Output


0

Note

Let coin i facing upwards be denoted as i and coin i facing downwards be denoted as -i.

The series of moves performed in the first sample changes the coins as such:

  * [~~~2,~~~1,~~~3] 
  * [-3,~~~1,-2] 
  * [-3,~~~2,-1] 
  * [~~~1,~~~2,~~~3] 



In the second sample, the coins are already in their correct positions so there is no need to swap.
/*
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      .%###################@%%@@@###@%+:--%@@%.
     -@###################@%%%%*::*%++:-----=@+.
    -#####################@%=++++++*:-------.-=:
   .+####################@%++*::-:::--::*:::***=:
   .@#####################%=++*::::-:::++*=##@@#@-
  ..#####################@%%=++**:::::**+%@#@%%##-..
   .%####################@@%=+++*+****::*=@######@.
  .=######################@%%==+==++**+=@%@##@###+:...
  -#######################@@@%%%===++=@@@%=++===*::--...
  -########################@@@@@@@%==%%=++==@@:::::*:--.
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%#############################@###@%%@@%==%=%*----.--.::---.
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###########################################**:-----------------.
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#############################@%%%%%%%%%%@#####=::--------:*=%@%+
%###########################@%%%%==%%%%%%@##@#=:------..-:+%@@%=
----------------------------------------------
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*/
//#pragma GCC optimize("O3")
//#pragma GCC optimize("unroll-loops")
//#pragma GCC target("sse,sse2,sse3,ssse3,sse4,popcnt,abm,mmx")

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-const-variable"
#define popcnt(x) __builtin_popcount(x)

#define fr first

#define sc second

#define m_p make_pair

#define low_bo(a, x) (lower_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), x) - a.begin())

#define up_bo(a, x) (upper_bound(a.begin(), a.end(), x) - a.begin())

#define unique(a) a.resize(unique(a.begin(), a.end()) - a.begin())

#define popcnt(x) __builtin_popcount(x)

#define shuffle(a) shuffle(a.begin(), a.end(), rnd)

//#include <ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>

//using namespace __gnu_pbds;

//gp_hash_table<int, int> table;

//#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast,no-stack-protector")
//#pragma GCC target("avx,tune=native")
//float __attribute__((aligned(32)))

/*char memory[(int)1e8];

char memorypos;

inline void * operator new(size_t n){
    char * ret = memory + memorypos;
    memorypos += n;
    return (void *)ret;
}

inline void operator delete(void *){}
*/

using namespace std;

typedef long long ll;

typedef unsigned long long ull;

//typedef long double ld;

typedef unsigned int uint;

template <typename T>
T inverse(T a, T m) {
    T u = 0, v = 1;
    while (a != 0) {
        T t = m / a;
        m -= t * a; swap(a, m);
        u -= t * v; swap(u, v);
    }
    assert(m == 1);
    return u;
}

template <typename T>
class Modular {
public:
    using Type = typename decay<decltype(T::value)>::type;
    constexpr Modular() : value() {}
    template <typename U>
    Modular(const U& x) {
        value = normalize(x);
    }
    template <typename U>
    static Type normalize(const U& x) {
        Type v;
        if (-mod() <= x && x < mod()) v = static_cast<Type>(x);
        else v = static_cast<Type>(x % mod());
        if (v < 0) v += mod();
        return v;
    }
    const Type& operator()() const { return value; }
    template <typename U>
    explicit operator U() const { return static_cast<U>(value); }
    constexpr static Type mod() { return T::value; }
    Modular& operator+=(const Modular& other) { if ((value += other.value) >= mod()) value -= mod(); return *this; }
    Modular& operator-=(const Modular& other) { if ((value -= other.value) < 0) value += mod(); return *this; }
    template <typename U> Modular& operator+=(const U& other) { return *this += Modular(other); }
    template <typename U> Modular& operator-=(const U& other) { return *this -= Modular(other); }
    Modular& operator++() { return *this += 1; }
    Modular& operator--() { return *this -= 1; }
    Modular operator++(int) { Modular result(*this); *this += 1; return result; }
    Modular operator--(int) { Modular result(*this); *this -= 1; return result; }
    Modular operator-() const { return Modular(-value); }
    template <typename U = T>
    typename enable_if<is_same<typename Modular<U>::Type, int>::value, Modular>::type& operator*=(const Modular& rhs) {
#ifdef _WIN32
        uint64_t x = static_cast<int64_t>(value) * static_cast<int64_t>(rhs.value);
        uint32_t xh = static_cast<uint32_t>(x >> 32), xl = static_cast<uint32_t>(x), d, m;
        asm(
        "divl %4; \n\t"
        : "=a" (d), "=d" (m)
        : "d" (xh), "a" (xl), "r" (mod())
        );
        value = m;
#else
        value = normalize(static_cast<int64_t>(value) * static_cast<int64_t>(rhs.value));
#endif
        return *this;
    }
    template <typename U = T>
    typename enable_if<is_same<typename Modular<U>::Type, int64_t>::value, Modular>::type& operator*=(const Modular& rhs) {
        int64_t q = static_cast<int64_t>(static_cast<long double>(value) * rhs.value / mod());
        value = normalize(value * rhs.value - q * mod());
        return *this;
    }
    template <typename U = T>
    typename enable_if<!is_integral<typename Modular<U>::Type>::value, Modular>::type& operator*=(const Modular& rhs) {
        value = normalize(value * rhs.value);
        return *this;
    }
    Modular& operator/=(const Modular& other) { return *this *= Modular(inverse(other.value, mod())); }
    template <typename U>
    friend bool operator==(const Modular<U>& lhs, const Modular<U>& rhs);
    template <typename U>
    friend bool operator<(const Modular<U>& lhs, const Modular<U>& rhs);
    template <typename U>
    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, Modular<U>& number);
private:
    Type value;
};
template <typename T> bool operator==(const Modular<T>& lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return lhs.value == rhs.value; }
template <typename T, typename U> bool operator==(const Modular<T>& lhs, U rhs) { return lhs == Modular<T>(rhs); }
template <typename T, typename U> bool operator==(U lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) == rhs; }
template <typename T> bool operator!=(const Modular<T>& lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return !(lhs == rhs); }
template <typename T, typename U> bool operator!=(const Modular<T>& lhs, U rhs) { return !(lhs == rhs); }
template <typename T, typename U> bool operator!=(U lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return !(lhs == rhs); }
template <typename T> bool operator<(const Modular<T>& lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return lhs.value < rhs.value; }
template <typename T> Modular<T> operator+(const Modular<T>& lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) += rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> Modular<T> operator+(const Modular<T>& lhs, U rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) += rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> Modular<T> operator+(U lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) += rhs; }
template <typename T> Modular<T> operator-(const Modular<T>& lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) -= rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> Modular<T> operator-(const Modular<T>& lhs, U rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) -= rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> Modular<T> operator-(U lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) -= rhs; }
template <typename T> Modular<T> operator*(const Modular<T>& lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) *= rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> Modular<T> operator*(const Modular<T>& lhs, U rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) *= rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> Modular<T> operator*(U lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) *= rhs; }
template <typename T> Modular<T> operator/(const Modular<T>& lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) /= rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> Modular<T> operator/(const Modular<T>& lhs, U rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) /= rhs; }
template <typename T, typename U> Modular<T> operator/(U lhs, const Modular<T>& rhs) { return Modular<T>(lhs) /= rhs; }
template<typename T, typename U>
Modular<T> power(const Modular<T>& a, const U& b) {
    assert(b >= 0);
    Modular<T> x = a, res = 1;
    U p = b;
    while (p > 0) {
        if (p & 1) res *= x;
        x *= x;
        p >>= 1;
    }
    return res;
}
template <typename T>
string to_string(const Modular<T>& number) {
    return to_string(number());
}
template <typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const Modular<T>& number) {
    return stream << number();
}
template <typename T>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& stream, Modular<T>& number) {
    typename common_type<typename Modular<T>::Type, int64_t>::type x;
    stream >> x;
    number.value = Modular<T>::normalize(x);
    return stream;
}

constexpr int md = 998244353;
using Mint = Modular<std::integral_constant<decay<decltype(md)>::type, md>>;

/*
using ModType = int;
struct VarMod { static ModType value; };
ModType VarMod::value;
ModType& md = VarMod::value;
using Mint = Modular<VarMod>;
*/

ll sqr(ll x) {
    return x * x;
}

int mysqrt(ll x) {
    int l = 0, r = 1e9 + 1;
    while (r - l > 1) {
        int m = (l + r) / 2;
        if (m * (ll) m <= x)
            l = m;
        else
            r = m;
    }
    return l;
}

#ifdef ONPC
mt19937 rnd(23);
mt19937_64 rndll(231);
#else
mt19937 rnd(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
mt19937_64 rndll(chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
#endif

template<typename T>
T gcd(T a, T b) {
    return a ? gcd(b % a, a) : b;
}

int gcdex(int a, int b, int &x, int &y) {
    if (a == 0) {
        x = 0;
        y = 1;
        return b;
    }
    int x1, y1;
    int ret = gcdex(b % a, a, x1, y1);
    x = y1 - (b / a) * x1;
    y = x1;
    return ret;
}

void setmin(int &x, int y) {
    x = min(x, y);
}

void setmax(int &x, int y) {
    x = max(x, y);
}

void setmin(ll &x, ll y) {
    x = min(x, y);
}

void setmax(ll &x, ll y) {
    x = max(x, y);
}

const ll llinf = 2e18 + 100;

#define ld double

const int maxn = 2e5 + 100, maxw = 7 * maxn, inf = 2e9 + 100, sq = 450, LG = 18, mod1 = 1e9 + 993;

void sol(vector<int> per) {
    int n = per.size();
    vector<int> oper(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        oper[per[i]] = i;
    swap(oper, per);
    vector<pair<int, int>> ans;
    auto fl = [&](int i, int j) {
        ans.push_back({per[i], per[j]});
        swap(per[i], per[j]);
        oper[per[i]] = i;
        oper[per[j]] = j;
         //ans.push_back({i, j});
    };

    vector<vector<int>> cyc;
    vector<bool> vis(n);
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (!vis[i]) {
            vector<int> cur;
            int v = i;
            while (!vis[v]) {
                vis[v] = 1;
                cur.push_back(v);
                v = per[v];
            }
            if (cur.size() > 1)
                cyc.push_back(cur);
        }
    while (cyc.size() > 1) {
        vector<int> a = cyc.back();
        cyc.pop_back();
        vector<int> b = cyc.back();
        cyc.pop_back();
        fl(a[0], b[0]);
        int x = a[0], y = b[0];
        for (int i = a.size() - 1; i > 1; i--) {
            fl(x, a[i]);
            x = a[i];
        }
        for (int i = b.size() - 1; i > 1; i--) {
            fl(y, b[i]);
            y = b[i];
        }
        int px = b[1], py = a[1];
        fl(px, py);
        fl(x, px);
        fl(y, py);
    }
    if (cyc.size() == 1) {
        auto a = cyc[0];
        if (a.size() == 2) {
            int A = a[0], B = a[1], C = -1;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
                if (i != A && i != B) {
                    C = i;
                    break;
                }
            fl(A, C);
            fl(A, B);
            fl(B, C);
        } else if (a.size() == 3) {
            int A = a[0], B = a[1], C = a[2];
            fl(A, B);
            fl(B, C);
            fl(A, B);
            fl(B, C);
        } else {
            int x = a[0], py = a[1], y = a[2];
            fl(x, y);
            for (int i = a.size() - 1; i > 3; i--) {
                fl(a[i], x);
                x = a[i];
            }
            int px = a[3];
            fl(px, py);
            fl(y, py);
            fl(y, x);
            fl(y, px);
        }
    }
    cout << ans.size() << '\n';
    for (auto [x, y] : ans)
        cout << x + 1 << ' ' << y + 1 << '\n';
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        assert(per[i] == i);
    assert(ans.size() <= n + 1);
}

void solve() {
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    vector<int> per(n);
    /*iota(per.begin(), per.end(), 0);
    do {
        sol(per);
    } while (next_permutation(per.begin(), per.end()));
    return;*/
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        cin >> per[i], per[i]--;
    sol(per);
}
//check test counter

int main() {
#ifdef ONPC
    freopen("../a.in", "r", stdin);
    freopen("../a.out", "w", stdout);
#else
    //freopen("input.txt", "r", stdin);
    //freopen("output.txt", "w", stdout);
#endif // ONPC
    ios::sync_with_stdio(0);
    cin.tie(0);
    cout.tie(0);
    cout.precision(20);
    cout << fixed;
    //precalc();
    if (false) {
        int te = 0;
        while (1) {
            te++;
            cerr << te << '\n';
            //if (solve()) {
            //}
        }
    }
    int t;

    t = 1;
    //cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        //cerr << "test " << 100 - t << '\n';
        if (100 - t == 33) {
            int keke = 1;
        }
        //read();
        solve();
    }
}
