Let's define a forest as a non-directed acyclic graph (also without loops and parallel edges). One day Misha played with the forest consisting of n vertices. For each vertex v from 0 to n - 1 he wrote down two integers, degreev and sv, were the first integer is the number of vertices adjacent to vertex v, and the second integer is the XOR sum of the numbers of vertices adjacent to v (if there were no adjacent vertices, he wrote down 0). 

Next day Misha couldn't remember what graph he initially had. Misha has values degreev and sv left, though. Help him find the number of edges and the edges of the initial graph. It is guaranteed that there exists a forest that corresponds to the numbers written by Misha.

Input

The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 216), the number of vertices in the graph.

The i-th of the next lines contains numbers degreei and si (0 ≤ degreei ≤ n - 1, 0 ≤ si < 216), separated by a space.

Output

In the first line print number m, the number of edges of the graph.

Next print m lines, each containing two distinct numbers, a and b (0 ≤ a ≤ n - 1, 0 ≤ b ≤ n - 1), corresponding to edge (a, b).

Edges can be printed in any order; vertices of the edge can also be printed in any order.

Examples

Input

3
2 3
1 0
1 0


Output

2
1 0
2 0


Input

2
1 1
1 0


Output

1
0 1

Note

The XOR sum of numbers is the result of bitwise adding numbers modulo 2. This operation exists in many modern programming languages. For example, in languages C++, Java and Python it is represented as "^", and in Pascal — as "xor".
import java.util.*;



import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
public class graph{
	InputStream is;
	PrintWriter out;
	static long mod=pow(10,9)+7;
	static ArrayList <Integer>al[];
	static int c[];
	static boolean visited[];
	static long min=Long.MAX_VALUE,count=0;
	static Stack<Integer> s;
	static HashSet<Integer> hs[];
	void solve()
	{
		int n=ni();
		Pair p[]=new Pair[n];
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
			p[i]=new Pair(ni(),ni(),i);
		al=new ArrayList[n];
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
			al[i]=new ArrayList<Integer>();
		ArrayList<Pair> ans=new ArrayList<Pair>();
		PriorityQueue<Pair> pq=new PriorityQueue<Pair>();
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
			pq.add(p[i]);
		while(!pq.isEmpty())
		{
			Pair temp=pq.poll();
			if(temp.x==0)
				continue;
			if(al[temp.i].size()==p[temp.i].x)
				continue;
			int xor=0;
			for(int j=0;j<al[temp.i].size();j++)
				xor^=al[temp.i].get(j);
			xor=xor^temp.y;
			al[xor].add(temp.i);
			al[temp.i].add(xor);
			ans.add(new Pair(xor,temp.i,0));
			pq.add(new Pair(p[xor].x-al[xor].size(),p[xor].y,p[xor].i));
		}
		out.println(ans.size());
		for(int i=0;i<ans.size();i++)
			out.println(ans.get(i).x+" "+ans.get(i).y);
	}
	public static void dfs(int x)
	{
		visited[x]=true;
		for(int i=0;i<al[x].size();i++)
		{
			if(!visited[al[x].get(i)])
				dfs(al[x].get(i));
		}
	}
	static long d, x, y;
	void extendedEuclid(long A, long B) {
	    if(B == 0) {
	        d = A;
	        x = 1;
	        y = 0;
	    }
	    else {
	        extendedEuclid(B, A%B);
	        long temp = x;
	        x = y;
	        y = temp - (A/B)*y;
	    }
	}
	long modInverse(long A,long M) //A and M are coprime
	{
	    extendedEuclid(A,M);
	    return (x%M+M)%M;    //x may be negative
	}
	public static void mergeSort(int[] arr, int l ,int r){
		if((r-l)>=1){
			int mid = (l+r)/2;
			mergeSort(arr,l,mid);
			mergeSort(arr,mid+1,r);
			merge(arr,l,r,mid);
		}
	}
	public static void merge(int arr[], int l, int r, int mid){
		int n1 = (mid-l+1), n2 = (r-mid);
		int left[] = new int[n1];
		int right[] = new int[n2];
		for(int i =0 ;i<n1;i++) left[i] = arr[l+i];
		for(int i =0 ;i<n2;i++) right[i] = arr[mid+1+i];
		int i =0, j =0, k = l;
		while(i<n1 && j<n2){
			if(left[i]>right[j]){
				arr[k++] = right[j++];
			}
			else{
				arr[k++] = left[i++];
			}
		}
		while(i<n1) arr[k++] = left[i++];
		while(j<n2) arr[k++] = right[j++];
	}
	public static void mergeSort(long[] arr, int l ,int r){
		if((r-l)>=1){
			int mid = (l+r)/2;
			mergeSort(arr,l,mid);
			mergeSort(arr,mid+1,r);
			merge(arr,l,r,mid);
		}
	}
	public static void merge(long arr[], int l, int r, int mid){
		int n1 = (mid-l+1), n2 = (r-mid);
		long left[] = new long[n1];
		long right[] = new long[n2];
		for(int i =0 ;i<n1;i++) left[i] = arr[l+i];
		for(int i =0 ;i<n2;i++) right[i] = arr[mid+1+i];
		int i =0, j =0, k = l;
		while(i<n1 && j<n2){
			if(left[i]>right[j]){
				arr[k++] = right[j++];
			}
			else{
				arr[k++] = left[i++];
			}
		}
		while(i<n1) arr[k++] = left[i++];
		while(j<n2) arr[k++] = right[j++];
	}
	 static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>{
		 
	       int x,y,k,i;
	        
		Pair (int x,int y,int i){
			this.x=x;
			this.y=y;
			this.i=i;
		}
	        
		public int compareTo(Pair o) {
					return this.x-o.x;
		}
	 
	        public boolean equals(Object o) {
	            if (o instanceof Pair) {
	                Pair p = (Pair)o;
	                return p.x == x && p.y == y && p.k==k;
	            }
	            return false;
	        }
	           
	 
	        @Override
	        public String toString() {
	            return  "("+x + " " + y +" "+k+" "+i+" )";
	        }
	    
	    } 
	    
	    public static boolean isPal(String s){
	        for(int i=0, j=s.length()-1;i<=j;i++,j--){
	                if(s.charAt(i)!=s.charAt(j)) return false;
	        }
	        return true;
	    }
	    public static String rev(String s){
			StringBuilder sb=new StringBuilder(s);
			sb.reverse();
			return sb.toString();
	    }
	    
	    public static long gcd(long x,long y){
		if(x%y==0)
			return y;
		else
			return gcd(y,x%y);
	    }
	    
	    public static int gcd(int x,int y){
		if(x%y==0)
			return y;
		else 
			return gcd(y,x%y);
	    }
	    
	    public static long gcdExtended(long a,long b,long[] x){
	        
	        if(a==0){
	            x[0]=0;
	            x[1]=1;
	            return b;
	        }
	        long[] y=new long[2];
	        long gcd=gcdExtended(b%a, a, y);
	        
	        x[0]=y[1]-(b/a)*y[0];
	        x[1]=y[0];
	        
	        return gcd;
	    }
	    
	    public static int abs(int a,int b){
		return (int)Math.abs(a-b);
	    }
	 
	    public static long abs(long a,long b){
		return (long)Math.abs(a-b);
	    }
	    
	    public static int max(int a,int b){
		if(a>b)
			return a;
		else
			return b;
	    }
	 
	    public static int min(int a,int b){
		if(a>b)
			return b;
		else 
			return a;
	    }
	    
	    public static long max(long a,long b){
		if(a>b)
			return a;
		else
			return b;
	    }
	 
	    public static long min(long a,long b){
		if(a>b)
			return b;
		else 
			return a;
	    }
	 
	    public static long pow(long n,long p,long m){
		 long  result = 1;
		  if(p==0)
		    return 1;
		if (p==1)
		    return n;
		while(p!=0)
		{
		    if(p%2==1)
		        result *= n;
		    if(result>=m)
		    result%=m;
		    p >>=1;
		    n*=n;
		    if(n>=m)
		    n%=m;
		}
		return result;
	    }
	    
	    public static long pow(long n,long p){
		long  result = 1;
		  if(p==0)
		    return 1;
		if (p==1)
		    return n;
		while(p!=0)
		{
		    if(p%2==1)
		        result *= n;	    
		    p >>=1;
		    n*=n;	    
		}
		return result;
	    }
	    public static void debug(Object... o) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
		}
	    void run() throws Exception {
			is = System.in;
			out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
			solve();
			out.flush();
		}
	   
	    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
			new Thread(null, new Runnable() {
				public void run() {
					try {
						new graph().run();
					} catch (Exception e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
				}
			}, "1", 1 << 26).start();
		}
	    private byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
		public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;
	 
		private int readByte() {
			if (lenbuf == -1)
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			if (ptrbuf >= lenbuf) {
				ptrbuf = 0;
				try {
					lenbuf = is.read(inbuf);
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				if (lenbuf <= 0)
					return -1;
			}
			return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
		}
	 
		private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
			return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126);
		}
	 
		private int skip() {
			int b;
			while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b));
			return b;
		}
	 
		private double nd() {
			return Double.parseDouble(ns());
		}
	 
		private char nc() {
			return (char) skip();
		}
	 
		private String ns() {
			int b = skip();
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			while (!(isSpaceChar(b))) { // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b != ' ')
				sb.appendCodePoint(b);
				b = readByte();
			}
			return sb.toString();
		}
	 
		private char[] ns(int n) {
			char[] buf = new char[n];
			int b = skip(), p = 0;
			while (p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))) {
				buf[p++] = (char) b;
				b = readByte();
			}
			return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
		}
	 
		private char[][] nm(int n, int m) {
			char[][] map = new char[n][];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				map[i] = ns(m);
			return map;
		}
	 
		private int[] na(int n) {
			int[] a = new int[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				a[i] = ni();
			return a;
		}
	 
		private int ni() {
			int num = 0, b;
			boolean minus = false;
			while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
				;
			if (b == '-') {
				minus = true;
				b = readByte();
			}
	 
			while (true) {
				if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
					num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
				} else {
					return minus ? -num : num;
				}
				b = readByte();
			}
		}
	 
		private long nl() {
			long num = 0;
			int b;
			boolean minus = false;
			while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
				;
			if (b == '-') {
				minus = true;
				b = readByte();
			}
	 
			while (true) {
				if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
					num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
				} else {
					return minus ? -num : num;
				}
				b = readByte();
			}
		}
	 
}