Let's define a forest as a non-directed acyclic graph (also without loops and parallel edges). One day Misha played with the forest consisting of n vertices. For each vertex v from 0 to n - 1 he wrote down two integers, degreev and sv, were the first integer is the number of vertices adjacent to vertex v, and the second integer is the XOR sum of the numbers of vertices adjacent to v (if there were no adjacent vertices, he wrote down 0). 

Next day Misha couldn't remember what graph he initially had. Misha has values degreev and sv left, though. Help him find the number of edges and the edges of the initial graph. It is guaranteed that there exists a forest that corresponds to the numbers written by Misha.

Input

The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 216), the number of vertices in the graph.

The i-th of the next lines contains numbers degreei and si (0 ≤ degreei ≤ n - 1, 0 ≤ si < 216), separated by a space.

Output

In the first line print number m, the number of edges of the graph.

Next print m lines, each containing two distinct numbers, a and b (0 ≤ a ≤ n - 1, 0 ≤ b ≤ n - 1), corresponding to edge (a, b).

Edges can be printed in any order; vertices of the edge can also be printed in any order.

Examples

Input

3
2 3
1 0
1 0


Output

2
1 0
2 0


Input

2
1 1
1 0


Output

1
0 1

Note

The XOR sum of numbers is the result of bitwise adding numbers modulo 2. This operation exists in many modern programming languages. For example, in languages C++, Java and Python it is represented as "^", and in Pascal — as "xor".
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.math.BigInteger;
public class cf1 {
    static long mod = (long)1e9 + 7;
    static long mod1 = 998244353;
    static FastScanner f;
    static PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
    static Scanner S = new Scanner(System.in);
    static long x0; static long y0;
    static int inf = (int)(1e9);
    static long iinf = (long)(1e18);
    static class Pair {
        int x , y;
        public Pair(int x , int y) {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }
    }
    public static void solve()throws NumberFormatException , IOException {
        ArrayList<Pair> s = new ArrayList<>();
        int n = f.ni();
        int edges[] = new int[n];
        int xor[] = new int[n];
        ArrayList<Integer> leafs = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { 
            edges[i] = f.ni();
            xor[i] = f.ni();
            if (edges[i] == 1) leafs.add(i);
        }
        int curr = 0; 
        int u , v; 
        while(curr < leafs.size()) { 
            if(edges[leafs.get(curr)] == 1) { 
                s.add(new Pair(leafs.get(curr) , xor[leafs.get(curr)])); 
                --edges[leafs.get(curr)]; 
                --edges[xor[leafs.get(curr)]]; 
                if(edges[xor[leafs.get(curr)]] == 1) leafs.add(xor[leafs.get(curr)]); 
                xor[xor[leafs.get(curr)]] ^= leafs.get(curr);
            }
            ++curr; 
        } 
        pn(s.size());
        for (Pair p : s) {
            pn(p.x + " " + p.y);
        }
    }   
    public static void main(String[] args)throws NumberFormatException , IOException {
        init();
        boolean tc = false;
        int t = tc ? f.ni() : 1;
        while(t --> 0) solve();
        pw.flush(); 
        pw.close();  
    }
        
/******************************END OF MAIN PROGRAM*******************************************/
    public static void init()throws IOException{if(System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE")==null){f=new FastScanner("");}else{f=new FastScanner(System.in);}}
    public static class FastScanner {
        BufferedReader br;StringTokenizer st;
        FastScanner(InputStream stream){try{br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream));}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}
        FastScanner(String str){try{br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("!a.txt"));}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}
        String next(){while(st==null||!st.hasMoreTokens()){try{st=new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());}catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace();}}return st.nextToken();}
        String nextLine()throws IOException{return br.readLine();}int ni(){return Integer.parseInt(next());}long nl(){return Long.parseLong(next());}double nd(){return Double.parseDouble(next());}
    }
    public static void pn(Object o){pw.println(o);}
    public static void p(Object o){pw.print(o);}
    public static void pni(Object o){pw.println(o);pw.flush();}
    static int gcd(int a,int b){if(b==0)return a;else{return gcd(b,a%b);}}
    static long gcd(long a,long b){if(b==0l)return a;else{return gcd(b,a%b);}}
    static long lcm(long a,long b){return (a*b/gcd(a,b));}
    static long exgcd(long a,long b){if(b==0){x0=1;y0=0;return a;}long temp=exgcd(b,a%b);long t=x0;x0=y0;y0=t-a/b*y0;return temp;}
    static long pow(long a,long b){long res=1;while(b>0){if((b&1)==1)res=res*a;b>>=1;a=a*a;}return res;}
    static long mpow(long a,long b){long res=1;while(b>0l){if((b&1)==1l)res=((res%mod)*(a%mod))%mod;b>>=1l;a=((a%mod)*(a%mod))%mod;}return res;}
    static long mul(long a , long b){return ((a%mod)*(b%mod)%mod);}
    static long adp(long a , long b){return ((a%mod)+(b%mod)%mod);}
    static int log2(int x){return (int)(Math.log(x)/Math.log(2));}
    static boolean isPrime(long n){if(n<=1)return false;if(n<=3)return true;if(n%2==0||n%3==0)return false;for(long i=5;i*i<=n;i=i+6)if(n%i==0||n%(i+2)==0)return false;return true;}
    static boolean isPrime(int n){if(n<=1)return false;if(n<=3)return true;if(n%2==0||n%3==0)return false;for(int i=5;i*i<=n;i=i+6)if(n%i==0||n%(i+2)==0)return false;return true;}
    static HashSet<Long> factors(long n){HashSet<Long> hs=new HashSet<Long>();for(long i=1;i<=(long)Math.sqrt(n);i++){if(n%i==0){hs.add(i);hs.add(n/i);}}return hs;}
    static HashSet<Integer> factors(int n){HashSet<Integer> hs=new HashSet<Integer>();for(int i=1;i<=(int)Math.sqrt(n);i++){if(n%i==0){hs.add(i);hs.add(n/i);}}return hs;}
    static HashSet<Long> pf(long n){HashSet<Long> ff=factors(n);HashSet<Long> res=new HashSet<Long>();for(Long i:ff)if(isPrime(i))res.add(i);return res;}
    static HashSet<Integer> pf(int n){HashSet<Integer> ff=factors(n);HashSet<Integer> res=new HashSet<Integer>();for(Integer i:ff)if(isPrime(i))res.add(i);return res;}
    static int[] inpint(int n){int arr[]=new int[n+1];for(int i=1;i<=n;++i){arr[i]=f.ni();}return arr;}
    static long[] inplong(int n){long arr[] = new long[n+1];for(int i=1;i<=n;++i){arr[i]=f.nl();}return arr;}
    static boolean ise(int x){return ((x&1)==0);}static boolean ise(long x){return ((x&1)==0);}
    static int gnv(char c){return Character.getNumericValue(c);}//No. of integers less than equal to i in ub
    static int log(long x){return x==1?0:(1+log(x/2));} static int log(int x){return x==1?0:(1+log(x/2));}
    static int upperbound(int a[],int i){int lo=0,hi=a.length-1,mid=0;int count=0;while(lo<=hi){mid=(lo+hi)/2;if(a[mid]<=i){count=mid+1;lo=mid+1;}else hi=mid-1;}return count;}
    static void sort(int[] a){ArrayList<Integer> l=new ArrayList<>();for(int i:a)l.add(i);Collections.sort(l);for(int i=0;i<a.length;++i)a[i]=l.get(i);}
    static void sort(long[] a){ArrayList<Long> l=new ArrayList<>();for(long i:a)l.add(i);Collections.sort(l);for(int i=0;i<a.length;++i)a[i]=l.get(i);}
    static void sort(ArrayList<Integer> a){Collections.sort(a);}//!Precompute fact in ncr()!
    static int nextPowerOf2(int n){int count=0;if(n>0&&(n&(n-1))==0)return n;while(n!=0){n>>=1;count += 1;}return 1<<count;} 
}