Let's define a forest as a non-directed acyclic graph (also without loops and parallel edges). One day Misha played with the forest consisting of n vertices. For each vertex v from 0 to n - 1 he wrote down two integers, degreev and sv, were the first integer is the number of vertices adjacent to vertex v, and the second integer is the XOR sum of the numbers of vertices adjacent to v (if there were no adjacent vertices, he wrote down 0). 

Next day Misha couldn't remember what graph he initially had. Misha has values degreev and sv left, though. Help him find the number of edges and the edges of the initial graph. It is guaranteed that there exists a forest that corresponds to the numbers written by Misha.

Input

The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 216), the number of vertices in the graph.

The i-th of the next lines contains numbers degreei and si (0 ≤ degreei ≤ n - 1, 0 ≤ si < 216), separated by a space.

Output

In the first line print number m, the number of edges of the graph.

Next print m lines, each containing two distinct numbers, a and b (0 ≤ a ≤ n - 1, 0 ≤ b ≤ n - 1), corresponding to edge (a, b).

Edges can be printed in any order; vertices of the edge can also be printed in any order.

Examples

Input

3
2 3
1 0
1 0


Output

2
1 0
2 0


Input

2
1 1
1 0


Output

1
0 1

Note

The XOR sum of numbers is the result of bitwise adding numbers modulo 2. This operation exists in many modern programming languages. For example, in languages C++, Java and Python it is represented as "^", and in Pascal — as "xor".
import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;

/**
 *
 * @author Saju
 *
 */

public class Main {

    private static int dx[] = { 1, 0, -1, 0 };
    private static int dy[] = { 0, -1, 0, 1 };

    private static final long INF = Long.MAX_VALUE;
    private static final int INT_INF = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    private static final long NEG_INF = Long.MIN_VALUE;
    private static final int NEG_INT_INF = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
    private static final double EPSILON = 1e-10;

    private static final int MAX = 2000007;
    
    private static final long MOD = 1000000007;

    private static final int MAXN = 100007;
    private static final int MAXA = 10000009;
    private static final int MAXLOG = 22;

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

		InputReader in = new InputReader(System.in);
//		Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
		PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

//         InputReader in = new InputReader(new FileInputStream("src/test.in"));
//         PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("src/test.out")));

		
		
/*



*/
		
		
		int n = in.nextInt();
		int degree[] = new int[n];
		int xorSum[] = new int[n];
		
		Queue<Integer> leaves = new LinkedList<>();
		
		boolean added[] = new boolean[n];
		
		for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
			degree[i] = in.nextInt();
			xorSum[i] = in.nextInt();
			
			if(degree[i] == 1) {
				leaves.add(i);
			}
			if(degree[i] == 0) {
				added[i] = true;
			}
		}
		
		Set<Edge> edges = new HashSet<>();
		
		while(!leaves.isEmpty()) {
			int leaf = leaves.remove();
			int parent = xorSum[leaf];
			if(degree[leaf] == 0) {
				continue;
			}
//			System.out.println(leaf + " " + parent);
			edges.add(new Edge(min(leaf, parent), max(leaf, parent)));
			xorSum[parent] = xorSum[parent] ^ leaf;
			degree[parent]--;
			if(degree[parent] == 1) {
				leaves.add(parent);
			}
		}
		
		System.out.println(edges.size());
		for(Edge edge : edges) {
			System.out.println(edge);
		}
		
		
		in.close();
		out.flush();
		out.close();
		System.exit(0);
	}
	
	private static class Edge{
		int u;
		int v;
		Edge(int u, int v){
			this.u = u;
			this.v = v;
		}
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return u + " " + v;
		}
		
		@Override
		public boolean equals(Object obj) {
			Edge e = (Edge) obj;
			return this.u == e.u && this.v == e.v;
		}
		
		@Override
		public int hashCode() {
			return u * 100001 + v;
		}
	}
	
	private static boolean isPalindrome(String str) {
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		sb.append(str);
		String str1 = sb.reverse().toString();
		return str.equals(str1);
	}

	private static String getBinaryStr(int n, int j) {
		String str = Integer.toBinaryString(n);
		int k = str.length();
		for (int i = 1; i <= j - k; i++) {
			str = "0" + str;
		}

		return str;
	}
	
	private static String getBinaryStr(long n, int j) {
		String str = Long.toBinaryString(n);
		int k = str.length();
		for (int i = 1; i <= j - k; i++) {
			str = "0" + str;
		}

		return str;
	}
	
	private static long bigMod(long n, long k, long m) {

        long ans = 1;
        while (k > 0) {
            if ((k & 1) == 1) {
                ans = (ans * n) % m;
            }
            n = (n * n) % m;
            k >>= 1;
        }
        return ans;
    }
    
	private static long ceil(long n, long x) {
		long div = n / x;
        if(div * x != n) {
            div++;
        }
        return div;
	}
	
    private static int ceil(int n, int x) {
        int div = n / x;
        if(div * x != n) {
            div++;
        }
        return div;
    }

    
    private static int abs(int x) {
        if (x < 0) {
            return -x;
        }
        return x;
    }

    private static long abs(long x) {
        if(x < 0) {
            return -x;
        }
        return x;
    }

    private static int lcm(int a, int b) {
        return (a * b) / gcd(a, b);
    }

    private static int gcd(int a, int b) {
        if (a == 0)
            return b;
        return gcd(b % a, a);
    }

    private static int log(long x, int base) {
        return (int) (Math.log(x) / Math.log(base));
    }

    private static long min(long a, long b) {
        if (a < b) {
            return a;
        }
        return b;
    }

    private static int min(int a, int b) {
        if (a < b) {
            return a;
        }
        return b;
    }

    private static long max(long a, long b) {
        if (a < b) {
            return b;
        }
        return a;
    }

    private static int max(int a, int b) {
        if (a < b) {
            return b;
        }
        return a;
    }

    private static class InputReader {
        public BufferedReader reader;
        public StringTokenizer tokenizer;

        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream));
            tokenizer = null;
        }

        public String next() {
            try {
                while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                    tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(reader.readLine());

                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                return null;
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }

        public String nextLine() {
            String line = null;
            try {
                tokenizer = null;
                line = reader.readLine();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
            return line;
        }

        public int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        public double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }

        public long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

        public boolean hasNext() {
            try {
                while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                    tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(reader.readLine());
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                return false;
            }
            return true;
        }
        
        public int[] nextIntArr(int n) {
        	int arr[] = new int[n];
    		for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    			arr[i] = nextInt();
    		}
    		return arr;
        }
        
        public long[] nextLongArr(int n) {
        	long arr[] = new long[n];
    		for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    			arr[i] = nextLong();
    		}
    		return arr;
        }
        
        public int[] nextIntArr1(int n) {
        	int arr[] = new int[n + 1];
    		for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    			arr[i] = nextInt();
    		}
    		return arr;
        }
        
        public long[] nextLongArr1(int n) {
        	long arr[] = new long[n + 1];
    		for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    			arr[i] = nextLong();
    		}
    		return arr;
        }
       
        public void close() {
        	try {
        		if(reader != null) {
        			reader.close();
        		}
        	}
        	catch(Exception e) {
        		
        	}
        	
        	
        }
    }

}
