Let's define a forest as a non-directed acyclic graph (also without loops and parallel edges). One day Misha played with the forest consisting of n vertices. For each vertex v from 0 to n - 1 he wrote down two integers, degreev and sv, were the first integer is the number of vertices adjacent to vertex v, and the second integer is the XOR sum of the numbers of vertices adjacent to v (if there were no adjacent vertices, he wrote down 0). 

Next day Misha couldn't remember what graph he initially had. Misha has values degreev and sv left, though. Help him find the number of edges and the edges of the initial graph. It is guaranteed that there exists a forest that corresponds to the numbers written by Misha.

Input

The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 216), the number of vertices in the graph.

The i-th of the next lines contains numbers degreei and si (0 ≤ degreei ≤ n - 1, 0 ≤ si < 216), separated by a space.

Output

In the first line print number m, the number of edges of the graph.

Next print m lines, each containing two distinct numbers, a and b (0 ≤ a ≤ n - 1, 0 ≤ b ≤ n - 1), corresponding to edge (a, b).

Edges can be printed in any order; vertices of the edge can also be printed in any order.

Examples

Input

3
2 3
1 0
1 0


Output

2
1 0
2 0


Input

2
1 1
1 0


Output

1
0 1

Note

The XOR sum of numbers is the result of bitwise adding numbers modulo 2. This operation exists in many modern programming languages. For example, in languages C++, Java and Python it is represented as "^", and in Pascal — as "xor".
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import static java.lang.Math.*;
import static java.lang.System.out;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class A {
 
	static final int mod = 1000000007;
	static final long temp = 998244353;
	static final long MOD = 1000000007;
	static final long M = (long)1e9+7;
 
	

	static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>
	{
		int first, second;
		public Pair(int aa, int bb)
		{
			first = aa; second = bb;
		}
		public int compareTo(Pair p)
		{
			if(first == p.first) return (int)(second - p.second);
			return (int)(first - p.first);
		}
	}

	public static class DSU
	{
		int[] parent;
		int[] rank; //Size of the trees is used as the rank
		public DSU(int n)
		{
			parent = new int[n];
			rank = new int[n];
			Arrays.fill(parent, -1);
			Arrays.fill(rank, 1);
		}
		
		public int find(int i) //finding through path compression
		{
			return parent[i] < 0 ? i : (parent[i] = find(parent[i]));
		}
		
		public boolean union(int a, int b) //Union Find by Rank 
		{
			a = find(a);
			b = find(b);
			
			if(a == b) return false; //if they are already connected we exit by returning false.
			
			// if a's parent is less than b's parent
			if(rank[a] < rank[b])
			{
				//then move a under b
				parent[a] = b;
			}
			//else if rank of j's parent is less than i's parent
			else if(rank[a] > rank[b])
			{
				//then move b under a
				parent[b] = a;
			}
			//if both have the same rank..
			else
			{
				//move a under b (it doesnt matter if its the other way around.
				parent[b] = a;
				rank[a] = 1 + rank[a];
			}
			return true;
		}	
	}

	static class Reader {
		BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		StringTokenizer st=new StringTokenizer("");
		String next() {
			while (!st.hasMoreTokens())
				try {
					st=new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			return st.nextToken();
		}
		
		int nextInt() {
			return Integer.parseInt(next());
		}
		
		int[] readArray(int n) throws IOException {
			int[] a=new int[n];
			for (int i=0; i<n; i++) a[i]=nextInt();
			return a;
		}
		
		long[] longReadArray(int n) throws IOException {
			long[] a=new long[n];
			for (int i=0; i<n; i++) a[i]=nextLong();
			return a;
		}
		
		long nextLong() {
			return Long.parseLong(next());
		}
		double nextDouble() {
			return Double.parseDouble(next());
		}
	}
	
		public static boolean isPrime(int n) 
		{
			if(n == 1)
			{
				return false;
			}
			for(int i = 2;i*i<=n;i++)
			{
				if(n%i == 0)
				{
					return false;
				}
			}
			return true;
	}
	
	public static List<Integer> SieveList(int n)
	{
		boolean prime[] = new boolean[n+1];
		Arrays.fill(prime, true);
		
		List<Integer> l = new ArrayList<>();
		for (int p=2; p*p<=n; p++) 
		{ 
			if (prime[p] == true) 
			{ 	
			    for(int i=p*p; i<=n; i += p) 
				{
				    prime[i] = false; 
				}	
			} 
		} 
 
		for (int p=2; p<=n; p++) 
		{
		    if (prime[p] == true)
		    {
		       l.add(p); 
		    }
		}
		
		return l;
	}
	
	
	public static int gcd(int a, int b)
	{
		if(b == 0)
		 return a;
		
		else
		return gcd(b,a%b);
	} 
 
		public static int lcm(int a, int b)
	    {
	        return (a / gcd(a, b)) * b;
	    }
	
	public static long LongGCD(long a, long b)
	{
		if(b == 0)
			 return a;
			
			else
			return LongGCD(b,a%b);
	}
	
		public static long LongLCM(long a, long b)
	    {
	        return (a / LongGCD(a, b)) * b;
	    }
	
		public static int phi(int n)  //euler totient function
	    { 
	        int result = 1; 
	        for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) 
	            if (gcd(i, n) == 1) 
	                result++; 
	        return result; 
	    }
	
	public static long fastPow(long x, long n) 
	{
		if(n == 0)
			return 1;
		else if(n%2 == 0)
			return fastPow(x*x,n/2);
		else
			return x*fastPow(x*x,(n-1)/2);
	}
	
	   public static long modPow(long x, long y, long p)
	    {
	        long res = 1;
	        x = x % p;
	 
	        while (y > 0) {
	            if (y % 2 == 1)
	                res = (res * x) % p;
	 
	            y = y >> 1; 
	            x = (x * x) % p;
	        }
	        return res;
	    }
	   
	   static long modInverse(long n, long p)
	    {
	        return modPow(n, p - 2, p);
	    }
	 
	    // Returns nCr % p using Fermat's little theorem.
	    
	    public static long nCrModP(long n, long r,long p)
	    {
	          if (n<r) 
	              return 0;
	          
	        if (r == 0)
	            return 1;
	 
	        long[] fac = new long[(int)(n) + 1];
	        fac[0] = 1;
	 
	        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
	            fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % p;
	 
	        return (fac[(int)(n)] * modInverse(fac[(int)(r)], p)
	                % p * modInverse(fac[(int)(n - r)], p)
	                % p)
	            % p;
	    }
	    
	    public static long nCr(long n, long r)
	    {
	    	long ans = 1;
	    	for(long i = 1,j = n;i<=r;i++,j--)
	    	{
	    		ans = ans * j / i;
	    	}
	    	return ans;
	    }
 
		public static void Sort(int[] a) {
			List<Integer> l=new ArrayList<>();
			for (int i : a) l.add(i);
			Collections.sort(l);
			//Collections.reverse(l);  //Use to Sort decreasingly 
			for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
		}
		
		public static void ssort(char[] a)
		{
			List<Character> l = new ArrayList<>();
			for (char i : a) l.add(i);
			Collections.sort(l);
			for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
		}
		
		
		//Modular Operations for Addition and Multiplication. 
		   public static long perfomMod(long x)
		   {
		        return ((x%M + M)%M);
		    }
		   public static long addMod(long a, long  b)
		   {
		        return perfomMod(perfomMod(a)+perfomMod(b));
		    }
		   public static long mulMod(long  a, long b)
		   {
		        return perfomMod(perfomMod(a)*perfomMod(b));
		   }
		
		   public static int LowerBound(int a[], int x) 
		   {
				  int l=-1,r=a.length;
				  while(l+1<r) {
				    int m=(l+r)>>>1;
				    if(a[m]>=x) r=m;
				    else l=m;
				  }
				  return r;
			}
		
		   
			public static int UpperBound(int a[], int x) 
			{
			    int l=-1;
			    int r=a.length;
			    while(l+1<r) {
			       int m=(l+r)>>>1;
			       if(a[m]<=x) l=m;
			       else r=m;
			    }
			    return l+1;
		}
	

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException 
	{
		Reader sc = new Reader();
		PrintWriter fout = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		
		int n = sc.nextInt();
		int[] deg = new int[n];
		int[] xor = new int[n];
		
		Queue<Integer> q = new LinkedList<>();

		for(int i = 0;i<n;i++) 
		{
			deg[i]= sc.nextInt();
			if(deg[i] == 1) q.offer(i);
			xor[i] = sc.nextInt();
		}
		
		List<Pair> ans = new ArrayList<>();
		
		int c = 0; //track of q size
		while(!q.isEmpty())
		{
			int from = q.poll();
			int to = xor[from];
			
			if(deg[from] == 0) continue;
			ans.add(new Pair(from,to));
			
			c++;

			deg[to]--;
			xor[to] ^= from;
			if(deg[to] == 1)
			{
				q.add(to);
			}
		}
		
		fout.println(c);
		for(Pair x : ans)
		{
			fout.println(x.first + " " + x.second);
		}
		
		fout.close();
	}
}