Let's define a forest as a non-directed acyclic graph (also without loops and parallel edges). One day Misha played with the forest consisting of n vertices. For each vertex v from 0 to n - 1 he wrote down two integers, degreev and sv, were the first integer is the number of vertices adjacent to vertex v, and the second integer is the XOR sum of the numbers of vertices adjacent to v (if there were no adjacent vertices, he wrote down 0). 

Next day Misha couldn't remember what graph he initially had. Misha has values degreev and sv left, though. Help him find the number of edges and the edges of the initial graph. It is guaranteed that there exists a forest that corresponds to the numbers written by Misha.

Input

The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 216), the number of vertices in the graph.

The i-th of the next lines contains numbers degreei and si (0 ≤ degreei ≤ n - 1, 0 ≤ si < 216), separated by a space.

Output

In the first line print number m, the number of edges of the graph.

Next print m lines, each containing two distinct numbers, a and b (0 ≤ a ≤ n - 1, 0 ≤ b ≤ n - 1), corresponding to edge (a, b).

Edges can be printed in any order; vertices of the edge can also be printed in any order.

Examples

Input

3
2 3
1 0
1 0


Output

2
1 0
2 0


Input

2
1 1
1 0


Output

1
0 1

Note

The XOR sum of numbers is the result of bitwise adding numbers modulo 2. This operation exists in many modern programming languages. For example, in languages C++, Java and Python it is represented as "^", and in Pascal — as "xor".
/**
 * DA-IICT
 * Author : PARTH PATEL
 */
import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;

import static java.util.Arrays.fill;
import static java.lang.Math.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.sort;
import static java.util.Collections.sort;


public class C501 
{

	public static int mod = 1000000007;
	static FasterScanner in = new FasterScanner();
	static PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		int n=in.nextInt();
		Queue<Integer> queue=new LinkedList<>();
		int[] degree=new int[n];
		int[] s=new int[n];
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		{
			degree[i]=in.nextInt();
			s[i]^=in.nextInt();
		}
		ArrayList<String> list=new ArrayList<>();
		for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
		{
			if(degree[i]==1)
			{
				queue.add(i);
			}
		}
		while(!queue.isEmpty())
		{
			int x=queue.poll();
			if(degree[x]==0)
				continue;
			int other=s[x];
			list.add(x+" "+other);
			if(degree[x]!=1)
				out.println("not clear");
			degree[other]--;
			s[other]^=x;
			if(degree[other]==1)
				queue.add(other);
		}
		out.println(list.size());
		for(String str : list)
			out.println(str);
		out.close();

	}
	

	/////////////////SEGMENT TREE (BUILD-UPDATE-QUERY)/////////////////////////////
	/////////////////UPDATE FOLLOWING METHODS AS PER NEED//////////////////////////
	/*
	public static void buildsegmenttree(int node,int start,int end)
	{
		if(start==end)
		{
			// Leaf node will have a single element
			segmenttree[node]=arr[start];
		}
		else
		{
			int mid=start+(end-start)/2;
			// Recurse on the left child
			buildsegmenttree(2*node, start, mid);
			// Recurse on the right child
			buildsegmenttree(2*node+1, mid+1, end);
			// Internal node will have the sum of both of its children
			segmenttree[node]=segmenttree[2*node]+segmenttree[2*node+1];
		}
	}
	
	public static void updatesegmenttree(int node,int start,int end,int idx,int val)
	{
		if(start==end)
		{
			//Leaf Node
			arr[idx]+=val;
			segmenttree[node]+=val;
		}
		else
		{
			int mid=start+(end-start)/2;
			if(start<=idx && idx<=mid)
			{
				// If idx is in the left child, recurse on the left child
				updatesegmenttree(2*node, start, mid, idx, val);
			}
			else
			{
				// if idx is in the right child, recurse on the right child
				updatesegmenttree(2*node+1, mid+1, end, idx, val);
			}
			// Internal node will have the sum of both of its children
			segmenttree[node]=segmenttree[2*node]+segmenttree[2*node+1];
		}
	}
	
	public static long querysegmenttree(int node,int start,int end,int l,int r)
	{
		if(r<start || end<l)
		{
			// range represented by a node is completely outside the given range
			return 0;
		}
		if(l <= start && end <= r)
	    {
	        // range represented by a node is completely inside the given range
	        return segmenttree[node];
	    }
		// range represented by a node is partially inside and partially outside the given range
		int mid=start+(end-start)/2;
		long leftchild=querysegmenttree(2*node, start, mid, l, r);
		long rightchild=querysegmenttree(2*node+1, mid+1, end, l, r);
		return (leftchild+rightchild);
	}
	*/
	
	public static long pow(long x, long n, long mod) 
	{
		long res = 1;
		for (long p = x; n > 0; n >>= 1, p = (p * p) % mod) 
		{
			if ((n & 1) != 0) 
			{
				res = (res * p % mod);
			}
		}
		return res;
	}

	public static long gcd(long n1, long n2) 
	{
		long r;
		while (n2 != 0) 
		{
			r = n1 % n2;
			n1 = n2;
			n2 = r;
		}
		return n1;
	}

	public static long lcm(long n1, long n2) 
	{
		long answer = (n1 * n2) / (gcd(n1, n2));
		return answer;
	}

	static class FasterScanner 
	{
		private byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
		private int curChar;
		private int snumChars;

		public int read() 
		{
			if (snumChars == -1)
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			if (curChar >= snumChars) 
			{
				curChar = 0;
				try 
				{
					snumChars = System.in.read(buf);
				} catch (IOException e) 
				{
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				if (snumChars <= 0)
					return -1;
			}
			return buf[curChar++];
		}

		public String nextLine() 
		{
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			do 
			{
				res.appendCodePoint(c);
				c = read();
			} while (!isEndOfLine(c));
			return res.toString();
		}

		public String nextString() 
		{
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
			do 
			{
				res.appendCodePoint(c);
				c = read();
			} while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res.toString();
		}

		public long nextLong() 
		{
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') 
			{
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			long res = 0;
			do 
			{
				if (c < '0' || c > '9')
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			} 
			while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public int nextInt() 
		{
			int c = read();
			while (isSpaceChar(c))
				c = read();
			int sgn = 1;
			if (c == '-') 
			{
				sgn = -1;
				c = read();
			}
			int res = 0;
			do 
			{
				if (c < '0' || c > '9')
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				res *= 10;
				res += c - '0';
				c = read();
			} 
			while (!isSpaceChar(c));
			return res * sgn;
		}

		public int[] nextIntArray(int n) 
		{
			int[] arr = new int[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) 
			{
				arr[i] = nextInt();
			}
			return arr;
		}

		public long[] nextLongArray(int n) 
		{
			long[] arr = new long[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			{
				arr[i] = nextLong();
			}
			return arr;
		}

		private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) 
		{
			return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
		}

		private boolean isEndOfLine(int c) 
		{
			return c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == -1;
		}
	}

}
