Let's call an undirected graph of n vertices p-interesting, if the following conditions fulfill: 

  * the graph contains exactly 2n + p edges; 
  * the graph doesn't contain self-loops and multiple edges; 
  * for any integer k (1 ≤ k ≤ n), any subgraph consisting of k vertices contains at most 2k + p edges. 



A subgraph of a graph is some set of the graph vertices and some set of the graph edges. At that, the set of edges must meet the condition: both ends of each edge from the set must belong to the chosen set of vertices. 

Your task is to find a p-interesting graph consisting of n vertices.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 5) — the number of tests in the input. Next t lines each contains two space-separated integers: n, p (5 ≤ n ≤ 24; p ≥ 0; <image>) — the number of vertices in the graph and the interest value for the appropriate test. 

It is guaranteed that the required graph exists.

Output

For each of the t tests print 2n + p lines containing the description of the edges of a p-interesting graph: the i-th line must contain two space-separated integers ai, bi (1 ≤ ai, bi ≤ n; ai ≠ bi) — two vertices, connected by an edge in the resulting graph. Consider the graph vertices numbered with integers from 1 to n. 

Print the answers to the tests in the order the tests occur in the input. If there are multiple solutions, you can print any of them.

Examples

Input

1
6 0


Output

1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
3 4
3 5
3 6
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;


public class A {
	
	static class Scanner{
		BufferedReader br=null;
		StringTokenizer tk=null;
		public Scanner(){
			br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		}
		public String next() throws IOException{
			while(tk==null || !tk.hasMoreTokens())
				tk=new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
			return tk.nextToken();
		}
		public int nextInt() throws NumberFormatException, IOException{
			return Integer.valueOf(next());
		}
		public long nextLong() throws NumberFormatException, IOException{
			return Long.valueOf(next());
		}
		public double nextDouble() throws NumberFormatException, IOException{
			return Double.valueOf(next());
		}
	}
	
	public static void main(String args[]) throws NumberFormatException, IOException{
		Scanner sc = new Scanner();
		int T = sc.nextInt();
		for(int c = 0; c < T; c++){
			int N = sc.nextInt();
			int P = sc.nextInt();
			int necesito = 2 * N + P;
			for(int i = 0; i < N && necesito > 0; i++)
				for(int j  = i + 1; j < N && necesito > 0; j++){
					System.out.println((i+1)+" "+(j+1));
					necesito--;
				}
		}
	}

}
