Let's call an undirected graph of n vertices p-interesting, if the following conditions fulfill: 

  * the graph contains exactly 2n + p edges; 
  * the graph doesn't contain self-loops and multiple edges; 
  * for any integer k (1 ≤ k ≤ n), any subgraph consisting of k vertices contains at most 2k + p edges. 



A subgraph of a graph is some set of the graph vertices and some set of the graph edges. At that, the set of edges must meet the condition: both ends of each edge from the set must belong to the chosen set of vertices. 

Your task is to find a p-interesting graph consisting of n vertices.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 5) — the number of tests in the input. Next t lines each contains two space-separated integers: n, p (5 ≤ n ≤ 24; p ≥ 0; <image>) — the number of vertices in the graph and the interest value for the appropriate test. 

It is guaranteed that the required graph exists.

Output

For each of the t tests print 2n + p lines containing the description of the edges of a p-interesting graph: the i-th line must contain two space-separated integers ai, bi (1 ≤ ai, bi ≤ n; ai ≠ bi) — two vertices, connected by an edge in the resulting graph. Consider the graph vertices numbered with integers from 1 to n. 

Print the answers to the tests in the order the tests occur in the input. If there are multiple solutions, you can print any of them.

Examples

Input

1
6 0


Output

1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
3 4
3 5
3 6

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

/**
 *
 *
 * 10 5 8 1 10 3 6 2 9 7 4 4 2 6 3 1 9 10 5 8 7
 *
 * @author pttrung
 */
public class C {

    //   public static long x, y, gcd;
    public static int Mod = 1000000007;
    public static PrintWriter out;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
        Scanner in = new Scanner();
        out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        //   System.out.println(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        //PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(new File("output.txt")));
        int t = in.nextInt();
        for (int k = 0; k < t; k++) {
            int n = in.nextInt();
            int p = in.nextInt();
            boolean[][] map = new boolean[n][n];
            int need = 2 * n + p;
            for (int i = 0; i < n && need > 0; i++) {
                for (int j = i + 1; j < n && need > 0; j++) {
                    out.println((i + 1) + " " + (j + 1));
                    need--;
                }
            }
        }
        out.close();
    }

    public static long pow(long a, long b) {
        if (b == 0) {
            return 1;
        }
        if (b == 1) {
            return a;
        }
        long val = pow(a, b / 2);
        if (b % 2 == 0) {
            return val * val;
        } else {
            return val * val * a;
        }
    }

    public static int gcd(int a, int b) {
        if (b == 0) {
            return a;
        }
        return gcd(b, a % b);
    }

    public static class Point implements Comparable<Point> {

        int x, y;

        public Point(int x, int y) {
            this.x = x;
            this.y = y;
        }

        @Override
        public int compareTo(Point o) {
            if (x != o.x) {
                return x - o.x;
            } else {
                return y - o.y;
            }
        }
    }
//    public static void extendEuclid(long a, long b) {
//        if (b == 0) {
//            x = 1;
//            y = 0;
//            gcd = a;
//            return;
//        }
//        extendEuclid(b, a % b);
//        long x1 = y;
//        long y1 = x - (a / b) * y;
//        x = x1;
//        y = y1;
//
//    }

    public static class FT {

        int[] data;

        FT(int n) {
            data = new int[n];
        }

        public void update(int index, int value) {
            while (index < data.length) {
                data[index] += value;
                index += (index & (-index));
            }
        }

        public int get(int index) {
            int result = 0;
            while (index > 0) {
                result += data[index];
                index -= (index & (-index));
            }
            return result;

        }
    }

    static class Scanner {

        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;

        public Scanner() throws FileNotFoundException {
            // System.setOut(new PrintStream(new BufferedOutputStream(System.out), true));
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            //br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(new File("input.txt"))));
        }

        public String next() {

            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {
                try {
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException();
                }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        public long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }

        public int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        public double nextDouble() {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }

        public String nextLine() {
            st = null;
            try {
                return br.readLine();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException();
            }
        }

        public boolean endLine() {
            try {
                String next = br.readLine();
                while (next != null && next.trim().isEmpty()) {
                    next = br.readLine();
                }
                if (next == null) {
                    return true;
                }
                st = new StringTokenizer(next);
                return st.hasMoreTokens();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                throw new RuntimeException();
            }
        }
    }
}
