Let's call an undirected graph of n vertices p-interesting, if the following conditions fulfill: 

  * the graph contains exactly 2n + p edges; 
  * the graph doesn't contain self-loops and multiple edges; 
  * for any integer k (1 ≤ k ≤ n), any subgraph consisting of k vertices contains at most 2k + p edges. 



A subgraph of a graph is some set of the graph vertices and some set of the graph edges. At that, the set of edges must meet the condition: both ends of each edge from the set must belong to the chosen set of vertices. 

Your task is to find a p-interesting graph consisting of n vertices.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 5) — the number of tests in the input. Next t lines each contains two space-separated integers: n, p (5 ≤ n ≤ 24; p ≥ 0; <image>) — the number of vertices in the graph and the interest value for the appropriate test. 

It is guaranteed that the required graph exists.

Output

For each of the t tests print 2n + p lines containing the description of the edges of a p-interesting graph: the i-th line must contain two space-separated integers ai, bi (1 ≤ ai, bi ≤ n; ai ≠ bi) — two vertices, connected by an edge in the resulting graph. Consider the graph vertices numbered with integers from 1 to n. 

Print the answers to the tests in the order the tests occur in the input. If there are multiple solutions, you can print any of them.

Examples

Input

1
6 0


Output

1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
3 4
3 5
3 6
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
		new Thread(null, new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {
					long prevTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
					new Main().run();
					System.err.println("Total time: "
							+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - prevTime) + " ms");
					System.err.println("Memory status: " + memoryStatus());
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}
		}, "1", 1L << 24).start();
	}

	void run() throws IOException {
		in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		Object o = solve();
		if (o != null)
			out.println(o);
		out.close();
		in.close();
	}

	private Object solve() throws IOException {
		int t = ni();
		for(int i =0;i<t;i++)
			go();
		return null;
	}

	private void go() throws IOException {
		int n = ni();
		int p = ni();
		boolean[][] g = new boolean[n][n];
		for(int i =0;i<n;i++)
			g[i][(i+1)%n] = g[(i+1)%n][i]=true;
		for(int i =0;i<n;i++)
			g[i][(i+2)%n] = g[(i+2)%n][i]=true;
		
		for(int k =0;k<p;k++){
			boolean ok = false;
			for(int i =0;i<n && !ok;i++)
				for(int j =i+1;j<n && !ok;j++)
					if(!g[i][j]){
						ok=true;
						g[i][j]=g[j][i]=true;
					}
		}
		show(g);
	}

	private void show(boolean[][] g) {
		for(int i =0;i<g.length;i++)
			for(int j =i+1;j<g[0].length;j++)
				if(g[i][j])
					out.println((i+1)+" "+(j+1));
		
	}

	BufferedReader in;
	PrintWriter out;
	StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("");

	String nextToken() throws IOException {
		while (!st.hasMoreTokens())
			st = new StringTokenizer(in.readLine());
		return st.nextToken();
	}

	int ni() throws IOException {
		return Integer.parseInt(nextToken());
	}

	long nl() throws IOException {
		return Long.parseLong(nextToken());
	}

	double nd() throws IOException {
		return Double.parseDouble(nextToken());
	}

	int[] nia(int size) throws IOException {
		int[] ret = new int[size];
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
			ret[i] = ni();
		return ret;
	}

	long[] nla(int size) throws IOException {
		long[] ret = new long[size];
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
			ret[i] = nl();
		return ret;
	}

	double[] nda(int size) throws IOException {
		double[] ret = new double[size];
		for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
			ret[i] = nd();
		return ret;
	}

	String nextLine() throws IOException {
		st = new StringTokenizer("");
		return in.readLine();
	}

	boolean EOF() throws IOException {
		while (!st.hasMoreTokens()) {
			String s = in.readLine();
			if (s == null)
				return true;
			st = new StringTokenizer(s);
		}
		return false;
	}

	void printRepeat(String s, int count) {
		for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
			out.print(s);
	}

	void printArray(int[] array) {
		for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			if (i > 0)
				out.print(' ');
			out.print(array[i]);
		}
		out.println();
	}

	void printArray(long[] array) {
		for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			if (i > 0)
				out.print(' ');
			out.print(array[i]);
		}
		out.println();
	}

	void printArray(double[] array) {
		for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			if (i > 0)
				out.print(' ');
			out.print(array[i]);
		}
		out.println();
	}

	void printArray(double[] array, String spec) {
		for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
			if (i > 0)
				out.print(' ');
			out.printf(Locale.US, spec, array[i]);
		}
		out.println();
	}

	void printArray(Object[] array) {
		boolean blank = false;
		for (Object x : array) {
			if (blank)
				out.print(' ');
			else
				blank = true;
			out.print(x);
		}
		out.println();
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
	void printCollection(Collection collection) {
		boolean blank = false;
		for (Object x : collection) {
			if (blank)
				out.print(' ');
			else
				blank = true;
			out.print(x);
		}
		out.println();
	}

	static String memoryStatus() {
		return (Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory()
				- Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory() >> 20)
				+ "/" + (Runtime.getRuntime().totalMemory() >> 20) + " MB";
	}
}