Let's call an undirected graph of n vertices p-interesting, if the following conditions fulfill: 

  * the graph contains exactly 2n + p edges; 
  * the graph doesn't contain self-loops and multiple edges; 
  * for any integer k (1 ≤ k ≤ n), any subgraph consisting of k vertices contains at most 2k + p edges. 



A subgraph of a graph is some set of the graph vertices and some set of the graph edges. At that, the set of edges must meet the condition: both ends of each edge from the set must belong to the chosen set of vertices. 

Your task is to find a p-interesting graph consisting of n vertices.

Input

The first line contains a single integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 5) — the number of tests in the input. Next t lines each contains two space-separated integers: n, p (5 ≤ n ≤ 24; p ≥ 0; <image>) — the number of vertices in the graph and the interest value for the appropriate test. 

It is guaranteed that the required graph exists.

Output

For each of the t tests print 2n + p lines containing the description of the edges of a p-interesting graph: the i-th line must contain two space-separated integers ai, bi (1 ≤ ai, bi ≤ n; ai ≠ bi) — two vertices, connected by an edge in the resulting graph. Consider the graph vertices numbered with integers from 1 to n. 

Print the answers to the tests in the order the tests occur in the input. If there are multiple solutions, you can print any of them.

Examples

Input

1
6 0


Output

1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
3 4
3 5
3 6
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 * @author Lokesh Khandelwal
 */
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		InputStream inputStream = System.in;
		OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
		InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
		OutputWriter out = new OutputWriter(outputStream);
		TaskA solver = new TaskA();
		solver.solve(1, in, out);
		out.close();
	}
}

class TaskA {
    public void solve(int testNumber, InputReader in, OutputWriter out) {
        int t = in.nextInt();
        while (t-- > 0) {
            int n = in.nextInt(), p = in.nextInt(), i, j, c = 0;
            boolean a[][] = new boolean[n + 1][n + 1];
            for(i=1;i<=n;i++) {
                a[i][i] = true;
            }
            for(i=1;i<=5;i++) {
                for(j=i+1;j<=5;j++) {
                    out.printLine(i+" "+j);
                    c++;
                    a[i][j] = true;
                    a[j][i] = true;
                }
            }
            for(i=6;i<=n;i++) {
                out.printLine("1 "+i);
                out.printLine("2 "+i);
                a[1][i] = true;
                a[2][i] = true;
                a[i][1] = true;
                a[i][2] = true;
                c += 2;
            }
            i = n;
            j = n;
            while (c < 2 * n + p) {
                if(!a[i][j]) {
                    c++;
                    a[i][j] = true;
                    a[j][i] = true;
                    out.printLine(i+" "+j);
                }
                j--;
                if(j == 0) {
                    j = n;
                    i--;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

class InputReader
{
    BufferedReader in;
    StringTokenizer tokenizer=null;

    public InputReader(InputStream inputStream)
    {
        in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
    }
    public String next()
    {
        try{
            while (tokenizer==null||!tokenizer.hasMoreTokens())
            {
                tokenizer=new StringTokenizer(in.readLine());
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            return null;
        }
    }
    public int nextInt()
    {
        return Integer.parseInt(next());
    }
    }

class OutputWriter {
	private final PrintWriter writer;

	public OutputWriter(OutputStream outputStream) {
		writer = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream)));
	}

	public OutputWriter(Writer writer) {
		this.writer = new PrintWriter(writer);
	}

	public void print(Object...objects) {
		for (int i = 0; i < objects.length; i++) {
			if (i != 0)
				writer.print(' ');
			writer.print(objects[i]);
		}
	}

	public void printLine(Object...objects) {
		print(objects);
		writer.println();
	}

	public void close() {
		writer.close();
	}
}

