People in the Tomskaya region like magic formulas very much. You can see some of them below.

Imagine you are given a sequence of positive integer numbers p1, p2, ..., pn. Lets write down some magic formulas:

<image><image>

Here, "mod" means the operation of taking the residue after dividing.

The expression <image> means applying the bitwise xor (excluding "OR") operation to integers x and y. The given operation exists in all modern programming languages. For example, in languages C++ and Java it is represented by "^", in Pascal — by "xor".

People in the Tomskaya region like magic formulas very much, but they don't like to calculate them! Therefore you are given the sequence p, calculate the value of Q.

Input

The first line of the input contains the only integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 106). The next line contains n integers: p1, p2, ..., pn (0 ≤ pi ≤ 2·109).

Output

The only line of output should contain a single integer — the value of Q.

Examples

Input

3
1 2 3


Output

3
            
import java.util.*;import java.io.*;import java.math.*;

public class Main
{

    public static void process()throws IOException
    {
        int n=ni();
        long arr[]=new long[n+1],xor[]=new long[n+1],res=0l;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) res=res^(arr[i]=nl());
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++) xor[i]=xor[i-1]^(i*1l);
        
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
            int parts=n/i,rem=n%i;
            
            if((parts & 1)==1)
                res=res^xor[i-1];
            res=res^xor[rem];
        }    
        pn(res);
    }


    static AnotherReader sc;
    static PrintWriter out;
    public static void main(String[]args)throws IOException
    {
        out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        sc=new AnotherReader();
        boolean oj = true;

        oj = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;
        if(!oj) sc=new AnotherReader(100);

        long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int t=1;
        //t=ni();
        while(t-->0)
            process();
        out.flush();
        if(!oj)
            System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis()-s+"ms");
        System.out.close();  
    }
    
    
    static void pn(Object o){out.println(o);}
    static void p(Object o){out.print(o);}
    static void pni(Object o){out.println(o);System.out.flush();}
    static int ni()throws IOException{return sc.nextInt();}
    static long nl()throws IOException{return sc.nextLong();}
    static double nd()throws IOException{return sc.nextDouble();}
    static String nln()throws IOException{return sc.nextLine();}
    static long gcd(long a, long b)throws IOException{return (b==0)?a:gcd(b,a%b);}
    static int gcd(int a, int b)throws IOException{return (b==0)?a:gcd(b,a%b);}
    static int bit(long n)throws IOException{return (n==0)?0:(1+bit(n&(n-1)));}
    static boolean multipleTC=false;
    static long mod=(long)1e9+7l;

    static void r_sort(int arr[],int n){
        Random r = new Random(); 
        for (int i = n-1; i > 0; i--){ 
            int j = r.nextInt(i+1); 
                  
            int temp = arr[i]; 
            arr[i] = arr[j]; 
            arr[j] = temp; 
        } 
        Arrays.sort(arr); 
    }

    static long mpow(long x, long n) {
        if(n == 0)
            return 1;
        if(n % 2 == 0) {
            long root = mpow(x, n / 2);
            return root * root % mod;
        }else {
            return x * mpow(x, n - 1) % mod;
        }
    }
    
    static long mcomb(long a, long b) {
        if(b > a - b)
            return mcomb(a, a - b);
        long m = 1;
        long d = 1;
        long i;
        for(i = 0; i < b; i++) {
            m *= (a - i);
            m %= mod;
            d *= (i + 1);
            d %= mod;
        }
        long ans = m * mpow(d, mod - 2) % mod;
        return ans;
    }
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    static class AnotherReader{BufferedReader br; StringTokenizer st;
    AnotherReader()throws FileNotFoundException{
    br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));}
    AnotherReader(int a)throws FileNotFoundException{
    br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("input.txt"));}
    String next()throws IOException{
    while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {try{
    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());}
    catch (IOException  e){ e.printStackTrace(); }}
    return st.nextToken(); } int nextInt() throws IOException{
    return Integer.parseInt(next());}
    long nextLong() throws IOException
    {return Long.parseLong(next());}
    double nextDouble()throws IOException { return Double.parseDouble(next()); }
    String nextLine() throws IOException{ String str = ""; try{
    str = br.readLine();} catch (IOException e){
    e.printStackTrace();} return str;}}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
}