People in the Tomskaya region like magic formulas very much. You can see some of them below.

Imagine you are given a sequence of positive integer numbers p1, p2, ..., pn. Lets write down some magic formulas:

<image><image>

Here, "mod" means the operation of taking the residue after dividing.

The expression <image> means applying the bitwise xor (excluding "OR") operation to integers x and y. The given operation exists in all modern programming languages. For example, in languages C++ and Java it is represented by "^", in Pascal — by "xor".

People in the Tomskaya region like magic formulas very much, but they don't like to calculate them! Therefore you are given the sequence p, calculate the value of Q.

Input

The first line of the input contains the only integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 106). The next line contains n integers: p1, p2, ..., pn (0 ≤ pi ≤ 2·109).

Output

The only line of output should contain a single integer — the value of Q.

Examples

Input

3
1 2 3


Output

3







import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.math.BigInteger; 
import java.lang.*;





public class Main {
    
    
    static class sort1 implements Comparator<List<Integer>>
   {
        public int compare(List<Integer>  a,List<Integer> b)
        {
            
            return (a.size() - b.size());
        }
   }
    
   static class sort111 implements Comparator<int[]>
   {
        public int compare(int[] a,int[] b)
        {
            
            return -b[0]+a[0];
        }
   }
   static class sort implements Comparator<long[]>
   {
        public int compare(long[] a,long[] b)
        {
            
          long c = a[1]-b[1];
          if(c==0l) c = (a[0]-b[0]);
          if(c==0l) return 0;
          if(c>0l) return 1;
          return -1;
        }
   }
  
   static class sort11 implements Comparator<double[]>
   {
        public int compare(double[] a,double[] b)
        {
            //if(a[0] == b[0]) return a[1]-b[1];
           if(a[1] < b[1]) return -1;
           else if(a[1] > b[1]) return 1;
           return 0;
        }
   }
   public static String[] F(BufferedReader bf) throws Exception
    {
        return (bf.readLine().split(" "));
    }
    
   public static void pr(PrintWriter out,Object o)
   {
      
    out.println(o.toString());//out.flush();
    
   }
   public static void prW(PrintWriter out,Object o)
   {
      
    out.print(o.toString());//out.flush();
    
   }
   public static int intIn(String st)
   {
      return Integer.parseInt(st);
   }
   
   
    
    public static void pr(Object o)
    {
        System.out.println(o.toString());
    }
    public static void prW(Object o)
    {
        System.out.print(o.toString());
    }
    
   
    public static int inInt(String s)
    {
        return Integer.parseInt(s);
    }
    public static long in(String s)
    {
        return Long.parseLong(s);
    }
 
 
    static int[] toIntArray(String[] m) 
    { 
        int[] p=new int[m.length];
        for(int o=0;o<m.length;o++)
        {
            p[o]= inInt(m[o]);
        }
        return p;
    }
    static double[] toDArray(String[] m) 
    { 
        double[] p=new double[m.length];
        for(int o=0;o<m.length;o++)
        {
            p[o]= Double.parseDouble(m[o]);
        }
        return p;
    }
    static long[] toLArray(String[] m) 
    { 
       long[] p=new long[m.length];
        for(int o=0;o<m.length;o++)
        {
            p[o]= in(m[o]);
        }
        return p;
    }
   
     static long gcd(long a, long b)
        {
          if (b == 0)
            return a;
          return gcd(b, a % b); 
        }
     
        static long pow(long x, long y, long p)
      {
        if(y == 0) return 1l;
        long res = 1; // Initialize result
     
        x = x % p; // Update x if it is more than or
        // equal to p
     
        if (x == 0)
          return 0l; // In case x is divisible by p;
     
        while (y > 0)
        {
     
          // If y is odd, multiply x with result
          if ((y & 1) != 0)
            res = (res * x) % p;
     
          // y must be even now
          y = y >> 1; // y = y/2
          x = (x * x) % p;
        }
        return res;
      }
    
   
    

   
   

   
    static long __gcd(long n1, long n2)
    {

        if(n1==0l) return n2;
        if(n2==0l) return n1;
        if(n1==1l || n2==1l) return 1l;
       // long gcd = 1;
        if(n1 == n2)  return n1;
        if(n1>n2) return __gcd(n1%n2,n2);
        return __gcd(n1,n2%n1);
        
    }
    
   
    
   
    
    public static void main (String[] args) throws Exception {
        
        BufferedReader bf=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);;;//
        
        //int[] map=new int[1000001];
      
       int yy=1;//inInt(bf.readLine());
       


        

        for(int w=0;w<yy;w++)
        {
             //String str = bf.readLine();
          out.flush();
         
            String[] xlp = bf.readLine().split(" ");
            //String st = bf.readLine();
        int n;//boolean bol=false;
           long m;//long a,b,c;
          // int l;
           //int  k;//pr(out,"vbc");
       // boolean bol = false;
           //long mod=1000000000+7l;
       n=inInt(xlp[0]);//m=in(xlp[1]);//int i=inInt(xlp[2]);int j=inInt(xlp[3]);//k=inInt(xlp[4]);
       long[] arr = toLArray(F(bf));
       long xor = 0l;
       for(long l : arr) xor = (xor^l);
       long[] diff = new long[n+1];
       for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++)
       {
           int r = i-1;
           int c = (n/i);
           int p = (n%i);
           diff[0] += c;
           diff[r+1] -= c;
           if(p > 0)
           {
              diff[1] += 1;
              diff[p+1] -= 1;
           }
       }
      // pr(out,diff[0]);
       for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
       {
          diff[i] = diff[i]+diff[i-1];
         // pr(out,diff[i]);
       }
       long pow = 1l;
       long res=0l;
      // pr(out,xor+" s");
       for(int i=0;i<32;i++)
       {
          long co = 0l;
          int bm = (1<<i);
          //pr(out,bm+"bm"+" "+i);
          for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
          {
            //long x = j+0l;
           // pr(out,x+" FGFGFG");
             if((j&bm) != 0)
             {
              //pr(out,j+" "+i);
               co += (diff[j]);
             }
          }
          //pr(out,co);
          int b = 1;
          if((co%2l) == 0l) b=0;
         // pr(out,b);
          co = (xor&bm);
          int c = 1;
          if((co) == 0l) c=0;
          //pr(out,c+" "+b+" "+i);
          b = (b^c);
          if(b==1)
          {
            //pr(out,i+" "+c);
             res += (pow);
          }
          else
          {

          }
          pow = (pow*2l);
       }

       pr(out,res);


   }
    out.close();
   bf.close();//
       
}}


/*

8
1 63658803333197
1 26806908300107
1 37622010993115
1 8932487734606
1 55358687683237
1 44940811911137
1 29009786659098
1 95047244855088

Kickstart
 String rp;
            rp = "Case #"+(w+1)+": "+(n-ans)+" ";
static int[][] dir={{0,1},{1,0},{-1,0},{0,-1}};

static class SegmentTreeRMQ 
    { 
    int st[]; 
    int minVal(int x, int y) { 
        return (x > y) ? x : y; 
    } 
  
    
    int getMid(int s, int e) { 
        return s + (e - s) / 2; 
    } 
  
    
    int RMQUtil(int ss, int se, int qs, int qe, int index) 
    { 
        
        if (qs <= ss && qe >= se) 
            return st[index]; 
  
        // If segment of this node is outside the given range 
        if (se < qs || ss > qe) 
            return Integer.MIN_VALUE; 
  
        // If a part of this segment overlaps with the given range 
        int mid = getMid(ss, se); 
        return minVal(RMQUtil(ss, mid, qs, qe, 2 * index + 1), 
                RMQUtil(mid + 1, se, qs, qe, 2 * index + 2)); 
    } 
  
    // Return minimum of elements in range from index qs (query 
    // start) to qe (query end).  It mainly uses RMQUtil() 
    int RMQ(int n, int qs, int qe) 
    { 
        // Check for erroneous input values 
        
  
        return RMQUtil(0, n - 1, qs, qe, 0); 
    } 
  
    // A recursive function that constructs Segment Tree for 
    // array[ss..se]. si is index of current node in segment tree st 
    int constructSTUtil(int arr[], int ss, int se, int si) 
    { 
        // If there is one element in array, store it in current 
        //  node of segment tree and return 
        if (ss == se) { 
            st[si] = arr[ss]; 
            return arr[ss]; 
        } 
  
        // If there are more than one elements, then recur for left and 
        // right subtrees and store the minimum of two values in this node 
        int mid = getMid(ss, se); 
        st[si] = minVal(constructSTUtil(arr, ss, mid, si * 2 + 1), 
                constructSTUtil(arr, mid + 1, se, si * 2 + 2)); 
        return st[si]; 
    } 
  
    
    void con(int arr[]) 
    { 
        // Allocate memory for segment tree 
  
        //Height of segment tree 
        int n = (arr.length);
        int x = (int) (Math.ceil(Math.log(n) / Math.log(2))); 
  
        //Maximum size of segment tree 
        int max_size = 2 * (int) Math.pow(2, x) - 1; 
        st = new int[max_size]; // allocate memory 
  
        // Fill the allocated memory st 
        constructSTUtil(arr, 0, n - 1, 0); 
    }
    }
     static class DSU {
    
    int[] p;int[] sz;int op;int c;;
    int[] last;
    public void G(int n)
    {
        last=new int[n];
        p=new int[n];
        sz=new int[n];c=n;
        op=n;
        for(int h=0;h<n;h++)
        {
            sz[h]=1;p[h]=h;
            last[h]=h;
        }
    }
    public int find(int x)
    {
        int y=x;
        while(x!=p[x]) x=p[x];
        while(y!=p[y])
        {
            int tem=p[y];
            p[y]=x;y=tem;
        }
        return p[y];
    }
    public void union(int a,int b)
    {
        int x,y;
        x=find(a);y=find(b);
        if(x==y) return;
        if(sz[x]>sz[y])
        {
            p[y] = x;
            sz[x]+=sz[y];
            last[x]=Math.max(last[x],last[y]);
        }
        else
        {
            p[x]=y;sz[y]+=sz[x];
            last[y]=Math.max(last[y],last[x]);
        }
        c--;
        
    }}

    static long pow(long x, long y, long p)
      {
        long res = 1; // Initialize result
     
        x = x % p; // Update x if it is more than or
        // equal to p
     
        if (x == 0)
          return 0l; // In case x is divisible by p;
     
        while (y > 0)
        {
     
          // If y is odd, multiply x with result
          if ((y & 1) != 0)
            res = (res * x) % p;
     
          // y must be even now
          y = y >> 1; // y = y/2
          x = (x * x) % p;
        }
        return res;
      }
      static long gcd(long a, long b)
        {
          if (b == 0)
            return a;
          return gcd(b, a % b); 
        }
        static int gcd(int a, int b,int o)
        {
          if (b == 0)
            return a;
          return gcd(b, a % b,o); 
        }

Geometric median

public static double F(double[] x,double[] w)
    {
        double d1,d2;
        double S=0.00;
        for(double dp : w) S += dp;
        int k = 0;
        double sum = S - w[0]; // sum is the total weight of all `x[i] > x[k]`

        while(sum > S/2)
        {
            ++k;
            sum -= w[k];
        }
        d1=x[k];
        return d1;
        k = w.length-1;
       sum = S - w[k]; // sum is the total weight of all `x[i] > x[k]`

        while(sum > S/2)
        {
            --k;
            sum -= w[k];
        }
        d2=x[k];
        return new double[]{d1,d2};
    }
*/


