People in the Tomskaya region like magic formulas very much. You can see some of them below.

Imagine you are given a sequence of positive integer numbers p1, p2, ..., pn. Lets write down some magic formulas:

<image><image>

Here, "mod" means the operation of taking the residue after dividing.

The expression <image> means applying the bitwise xor (excluding "OR") operation to integers x and y. The given operation exists in all modern programming languages. For example, in languages C++ and Java it is represented by "^", in Pascal — by "xor".

People in the Tomskaya region like magic formulas very much, but they don't like to calculate them! Therefore you are given the sequence p, calculate the value of Q.

Input

The first line of the input contains the only integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 106). The next line contains n integers: p1, p2, ..., pn (0 ≤ pi ≤ 2·109).

Output

The only line of output should contain a single integer — the value of Q.

Examples

Input

3
1 2 3


Output

3
	/*	/ ﾌﾌ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ム
		/ )\⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀  Y
		(⠀⠀| ( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°）⠀⌒(⠀ ノ
		(⠀ ﾉ⌒ Y ⌒ヽ-く __／
		| _⠀｡ノ| ノ｡ |/
		(⠀ー '_人`ー ﾉ
		⠀|\ ￣ _人'彡ﾉ
		⠀ )\⠀⠀ ｡⠀⠀ /
		⠀⠀(\⠀ #⠀ /
		⠀/⠀⠀⠀/ὣ====================D-
		/⠀⠀⠀/⠀ \ \⠀⠀\
		( (⠀)⠀⠀⠀⠀ ) ).⠀)
		(⠀⠀)⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀( | /
		|⠀ /⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ | /
		[_] ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀[___]                     */
	// Main Code at the Bottom
	import java.util.*;
	import java.lang.*;
	import java.io.*;
	import java.math.BigInteger; 
	public class Main {
		//Fast IO class
	    static class FastReader {
	        BufferedReader br; 
	        StringTokenizer st; 
	        public FastReader() {
	        	boolean env=System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;
	        	if(!env) {
	        		try {
						br=new BufferedReader(new FileReader("src\\input.txt"));
					} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
						e.printStackTrace();
					}
	        	}
	        	else br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); 
	        } 
	        String next() {
	            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements()) {
	                try {
	                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine()); 
	                } 
	                catch (IOException  e) {
	                    e.printStackTrace(); 
	                } 
	            } 
	            return st.nextToken(); 
	        } 
	        int nextInt() {
	            return Integer.parseInt(next()); 
	        } 
	        long nextLong() {
	            return Long.parseLong(next()); 
	        } 
	        double nextDouble() {
	            return Double.parseDouble(next()); 
	        } 
	        String nextLine() {
	            String str = ""; 
	            try {
	                str = br.readLine(); 
	            } 
	            catch (IOException e) {
	                e.printStackTrace(); 
	            } 
	            return str; 
	        } 
	    }     
	    static long MOD=1000000000+7;
	    //Euclidean Algorithm
	    static long gcd(long A,long B){
	    	return (B==0)?A:gcd(B,A%B);
	    }
	    //Modular Exponentiation
	    static long fastExpo(long x,long n){
	        if(n==0) return 1;
	        if((n&1)==0) return fastExpo((x*x)%MOD,n/2)%MOD;
	        return ((x%MOD)*fastExpo((x*x)%MOD,(n-1)/2))%MOD;
	    }
	    //Modular Inverse
	    static long inverse(long x) {
	    	return fastExpo(x,MOD-2);
	    }
	    //Prime Number Algorithm
	    static boolean isPrime(long n){
	        if(n<=1) return false;
	        if(n<=3) return true;
	        if(n%2==0 || n%3==0) return false;
	        for(int i=5;i*i<=n;i+=6) if(n%i==0 || n%(i+2)==0) return false;
	        return true;
	    }
	    //Reverse an array
	    static void reverse(int arr[],int l,int r){
	    	while(l<r) {
	    		int tmp=arr[l];
	    		arr[l++]=arr[r];
	    		arr[r--]=tmp;
	    	}
	    }
	    //Print array
	    static void print1d(int arr[]) {
	    	out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));
	    }
	    static void print2d(int arr[][]) {
	    	for(int a[]: arr) out.println(Arrays.toString(a));
	    }
	    // Pair
	    static class pair{
	    	int x,y;
	    	pair(int a,int b){
	    		this.x=a;
	    		this.y=b;
	    	}
	    	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
	    		if(obj == null || obj.getClass()!= this.getClass()) return false;
	            pair p = (pair) obj;
	            return (this.x==p.x && this.y==p.y);
	        }
	    	public int hashCode() {
	            return Objects.hash(x,y);
	        }
	    }
	    static FastReader sc=new FastReader();
	    static PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(System.out);  
	    //Main function(The main code starts from here
	    public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception {
	    	int test;
	    	test=1;
	    	//test=sc.nextInt();
	    	while(test-->0){
	    		int n=sc.nextInt(),a[]=new int[n],x[]=new int[n],ans=0;
	    		for(int i=0;i<n;i++) ans^=sc.nextInt();
	    		for(int i=1;i<n;i++) x[i]=i^x[i-1];
	    		for(int i=2;i<=n;i++) {
	    			int cnt=n/i;
	    			if(cnt%2==1) ans^=x[i-1];
	    			ans^=x[n-cnt*i];
	    		}
	    		out.println(ans);
	    	}
	        out.flush();
	        out.close();
	    }
	}