Recently in school Alina has learned what are the persistent data structures: they are data structures that always preserves the previous version of itself and access to it when it is modified.

After reaching home Alina decided to invent her own persistent data structure. Inventing didn't take long: there is a bookcase right behind her bed. Alina thinks that the bookcase is a good choice for a persistent data structure. Initially the bookcase is empty, thus there is no book at any position at any shelf.

The bookcase consists of n shelves, and each shelf has exactly m positions for books at it. Alina enumerates shelves by integers from 1 to n and positions at shelves — from 1 to m. Initially the bookcase is empty, thus there is no book at any position at any shelf in it.

Alina wrote down q operations, which will be consecutively applied to the bookcase. Each of the operations has one of four types:

  * 1 i j — Place a book at position j at shelf i if there is no book at it.
  * 2 i j — Remove the book from position j at shelf i if there is a book at it.
  * 3 i — Invert book placing at shelf i. This means that from every position at shelf i which has a book at it, the book should be removed, and at every position at shelf i which has not book at it, a book should be placed.
  * 4 k — Return the books in the bookcase in a state they were after applying k-th operation. In particular, k = 0 means that the bookcase should be in initial state, thus every book in the bookcase should be removed from its position.



After applying each of operation Alina is interested in the number of books in the bookcase. Alina got 'A' in the school and had no problem finding this values. Will you do so?

Input

The first line of the input contains three integers n, m and q (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 103, 1 ≤ q ≤ 105) — the bookcase dimensions and the number of operations respectively.

The next q lines describes operations in chronological order — i-th of them describes i-th operation in one of the four formats described in the statement.

It is guaranteed that shelf indices and position indices are correct, and in each of fourth-type operation the number k corresponds to some operation before it or equals to 0.

Output

For each operation, print the number of books in the bookcase after applying it in a separate line. The answers should be printed in chronological order.

Examples

Input

2 3 3
1 1 1
3 2
4 0


Output

1
4
0


Input

4 2 6
3 2
2 2 2
3 3
3 2
2 2 2
3 2


Output

2
1
3
3
2
4


Input

2 2 2
3 2
2 2 1


Output

2
1

Note

<image>

This image illustrates the second sample case.
	import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.nio.file.attribute.AclEntry.Builder;
import java.security.KeyStore.Entry;
import java.util.*;
	 
	 
	public   class CODEFORCES {
		private InputStream is;
		private PrintWriter out;
		int time = 0, val[][], dp[][], DP[], start[], end[], dist[],  black[], MOD = (int)(1e9+7), arr[], weight[][], x[], y[], parent[];
		int MAX = 800000, N, K, L;
		long red[];
		ArrayList<Integer>[] amp;
		boolean b[], boo[][];
		Pair prr[];
		HashSet<Integer> hs = new HashSet<>();
		long Dp[][][][] = new long[110][110][12][12];
	 
		public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
			new Thread(null, new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				try {
	 
			//new CODEFORCES().soln();
			} catch (Exception e) {
					System.out.println(e);
				}
			}
		}, "1", 1 << 26).start();
			new CODEFORCES().soln();
		}
		char ch[][];
		int ans = 0, cnt = 0, Q;
		int n1, n2, k1, k2, M;
		void solve() {
			int n = ni(), m = ni(), q = ni();
			amp = (ArrayList<Integer>[]) new ArrayList[q+10];
			for(int i = 0; i < q+10; i ++) amp[i] = new ArrayList<>();
			parent = new int[q+10];
			for(int i = 2;i<q+10;i++) parent[i] = i-1;
			val = new int[q+10][3];
			Q = q;
			for(int i = 1;i<=q;i++){
				int t = ni();
				val[i][0] = t;
				val[i][1] = ni();
				if(t==4){
					parent[i] = val[i][1];
				}
				if(t==2||t==1) {
					val[i][2] = ni();
				}
				amp[parent[i]].add(i);
			}
			//System.out.println(amp[0]);
			boo = new boolean[n+10][m+10];
			b = new boolean[n+10];
			dist = new int[n+10];
			N = n;
			M = m;
			ans = 0;
			black = new int[q+10];
			dfs(0);
			for(int i = 1;i<=q;i++) out.println(black[i]);
		}
		void dfs(int x){
			//System.out.println(x+" "+ans);
			int temp1, temp2;
			temp1 = val[x][1];
			temp2 = val[x][2];
			if(val[x][0]==1){
				boolean v = false;
				if((!b[temp1] && !boo[temp1][temp2]) || (b[temp1] && boo[temp1][temp2])){
					boo[temp1][temp2] = !boo[temp1][temp2];
					ans++;
					dist[temp1]++;
					v = true;
				}
				black[x] = ans;
				for(int i : amp[x]) dfs(i);
				if(v && ((!b[temp1] && boo[temp1][temp2]) || (b[temp1] && !boo[temp1][temp2]))){
					boo[temp1][temp2] = !boo[temp1][temp2];
					ans--;
					dist[temp1]--;
					//System.out.println(ans);
				}
			}
			else if(val[x][0]==2){
				boolean v = false;
				if((!b[temp1] && boo[temp1][temp2]) || (b[temp1] && !boo[temp1][temp2])){
					boo[temp1][temp2] = !boo[temp1][temp2];
					ans--;
					dist[temp1]--;
					v = true;
				}
				black[x] = ans;
				for(int i : amp[x]) dfs(i);
				if(v && ((!b[temp1] && !boo[temp1][temp2]) || (b[temp1] && boo[temp1][temp2]))){
					boo[temp1][temp2] = !boo[temp1][temp2];
					ans++;
					dist[temp1]++;
				}
			}
			else if(val[x][0]==3){
				b[temp1] = !b[temp1];
				int yu = dist[temp1];
				ans -= dist[temp1];
				dist[temp1] = M - dist[temp1];
				ans += dist[temp1];
				black[x] = ans;
				for(int i : amp[x]) dfs(i);
				b[temp1] = !b[temp1];
				ans += yu;
				ans -= dist[temp1];
				dist[temp1] = yu;
			}
			else{
				black[x] = ans;
				for(int i : amp[x]) dfs(i);
			}
		}
		boolean isPrime(int x){
			for(int i = 2;i*1L*i<=x;i++) if(x%i==0) return false;
			return true;
		}
		public static class FenwickTree {
			
		    int[] array; // 1-indexed array, In this array We save cumulative information to perform efficient range queries and updates
	 
		    public FenwickTree(int size) {
		        array = new int[size + 1];
		    }
		    public int rsq(int ind) {
		        assert ind > 0;
		        int sum = 0;
		        while (ind > 0) {
		            sum += array[ind];
		            //Extracting the portion up to the first significant one of the binary representation of 'ind' and decrementing ind by that number
		            ind -= ind & (-ind);
		        }
		        return sum;
		    }
		    public int rsq(int a, int b) {
		        assert b >= a && a > 0 && b > 0;
		        return rsq(b) - rsq(a - 1);
		    }
		    public void update(int ind, int value) {
		        assert ind > 0;
		        while (ind < array.length) {
		            array[ind] += value;
		            //Extracting the portion up to the first significant one of the binary representation of 'ind' and incrementing ind by that number
		            ind += ind & (-ind);
		        }
		    }
		    public int size() {
		        return array.length - 1;
		    }
		}
		int  p ;
		void buildGraph(int n){
			for(int i = 0; i<n ;i++){
				int x1 = ni() -1, y1 = ni()-1;
				amp[x1].add(y1);
				amp[y1].add(x1);
				x[i] = x1; y[i] = y1;
			}
		}
		long get(int x){
			long val = 0;
			for(int i = 0; i< N; i++){
				val += Math.abs(x-arr[i]);
				x+=L;
			}
			return val;
		}
		void recur(int n, int k){
			if(k<0) return;
			hs.add(K-k);
			if(n>=0 && dp[n][k]!=-1) return;
			if(n>=0) dp[n][k] = 1;
			for(int i = n+1;i<N;i++){
				recur(i,k-arr[i]);
			}
		}
		long modInverse(long a, long mOD2){
	        return  power(a, mOD2-2, mOD2);
		}
		long power(long x, long y, long m)
		{
			if (y == 0)
	    return 1;
		long p = power(x, y/2, m) % m;
		p = (p * p) % m;
	 
		return (y%2 == 0)? p : (x * p) % m;
		}
		public String isPossible(int b[]){
			String ans = "Possible";
			int n = b.length;
			Arrays.sort(b);
			if(n==1) return "Possible";
			if(b[0]==1) return "Impossible";
			if(b[0]>=n) return ans;
			int lcm = 1;
			for(int i : b){
				long gcd = gcd(lcm,i);
				lcm *= (i/gcd);
			}
			int cnt = 0;
			for(int i : b) cnt+=lcm/i;
			if(cnt>lcm) return "Impossible";
			return ans;
		}
		public long gcd(long a, long b){
			if(b==0) return a;
			return gcd(b,a%b);
		}
		void failFn(String str, int arr[]){
			int len = 0;
			arr[0] = 0;
			int i = 1;
			while(i<arr.length){
				if(str.charAt(i)==str.charAt(len)){
					arr[i++] = ++len;
					continue;
				}
				if(len == 0){
					arr[i] = len;
					i++;
					continue;
				}
				if(str.charAt(i)!=str.charAt(len)){
					len = arr[len-1];
				}
			}
		}
		static class ST1{
			int arr[], st[], size;
			ST1(int a[]){
				arr = a.clone();
				size = 10*arr.length;
				st = new int[size];
				build(0,arr.length-1,1);
			}
			void build(int ss, int se, int si){
				if(ss==se){
					st[si] = arr[ss];
					return;
				}
				int mid = (ss+se)/2;
				int val = 2*si;
				build(ss,mid,val); build(mid+1,se,val+1);
				st[si] = Math.min(st[val], st[val+1]);
			}
			int get(int ss, int se, int l, int r, int si){
				if(l>se || r<ss || l>r) return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
				if(l<=ss && r>=se) return st[si];
				int mid = (ss+se)/2;
				int val = 2*si;
				return Math.min(get(ss,mid,l,r,val), get(mid+1,se,l,r,val+1));
			}
		}
		static class ST{
			int arr[],lazy[],n;
			ST(int a){
				n = a;
				arr = new int[10*n];
				lazy = new int[10*n];
			}
			void up(int l,int r,int val){
				update(0,n-1,0,l,r,val);
			}
			void update(int l,int r,int c,int x,int y,int val){
				if(lazy[c]!=0){
					lazy[2*c+1]+=lazy[c];
					lazy[2*c+2]+=lazy[c];
					if(l==r)
						arr[c]+=lazy[c];
					lazy[c] = 0;
				}
				if(l>r||x>y||l>y||x>r)
					return;
				if(x<=l&&y>=r){
					lazy[c]+=val;
					return ;
				}
				int mid = l+r>>1;
				update(l,mid,2*c+1,x,y,val);
				update(mid+1,r,2*c+2,x,y,val);
				arr[c] = Math.max(arr[2*c+1], arr[2*c+2]);
			}
			int an(int ind){
				return ans(0,n-1,0,ind);
			}
			int ans(int l,int r,int c,int ind){
				if(lazy[c]!=0){
					lazy[2*c+1]+=lazy[c];
					lazy[2*c+2]+=lazy[c];
					if(l==r)
						arr[c]+=lazy[c];
					lazy[c] = 0;
				}
				if(l==r)
					return arr[c];
				int mid = l+r>>1;
				if(mid>=ind)
					return ans(l,mid,2*c+1,ind);
				return ans(mid+1,r,2*c+2,ind);
			}
		}
		
		public static int[] shuffle(int[] a, Random gen){
			for(int i = 0, n = a.length;i < n;i++)
			{ 
				int ind = gen.nextInt(n-i)+i; 
				int d = a[i]; 
				a[i] = a[ind];
				a[ind] = d; 
			} 
		return a; 
		}
	 
		class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>{
			int u, v, i;
			Pair(int u, int v){
				this.u = u;
				this.v = v;
			}
			Pair(int u, int v, int i){
				this.u = u;
				this.v = v;
				this.i = i;
			}
			public int hashCode() {
				return Objects.hash();
			}
			/*public boolean equals(Object o) {
				Pair other = (Pair) o;
				return ((u == other.u && v == other.v) || (v == other.u && u == other.v));
			}*/
			public int compareTo(Pair other) {
				//return Integer.compare(val, other.val);
				return Long.compare(u, other.u) != 0 ? (Long.compare(u, other.u)) : (Long.compare(v,other.v));
			}
			public String toString(){
				return this.u +" " + this.v;
			}
		}
		long power(long x, long y, int mod){
			long ans = 1;
			while(y>0){
				if(y%2==0){
					x = (x*x)%mod;
					y/=2;
				}
				else{
					ans = (x*ans)%mod;
					y--;
				}
			}
			return ans;
		}
		void soln() {
			is = System.in;
			out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
			long s = System.currentTimeMillis();
			solve();
			//out.close();
			out.flush();
			//tr(System.currentTimeMillis() - s + "ms");
		}
	 
	 
		// To Get Input
		// Some Buffer Methods
		private byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024];
		public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0;
	 
		private int readByte() {
			if (lenbuf == -1)
				throw new InputMismatchException();
			if (ptrbuf >= lenbuf) {
				ptrbuf = 0;
				try {
					lenbuf = is.read(inbuf);
				} catch (IOException e) {
					throw new InputMismatchException();
				}
				if (lenbuf <= 0)
					return -1;
			}
			return inbuf[ptrbuf++];
		}
	 
		private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
			return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126);
		}
	 
		private int skip() {
			int b;
			while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b))
				;
			return b;
		}
	 
		private double nd() {
			return Double.parseDouble(ns());
		}
	 
		private char nc() {
			return (char) skip();
		}
		private String ns() {
			int b = skip();
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
			while (!(isSpaceChar(b))) { // when nextLine, (isSpaceChar(b) && b != '
										// ')
				sb.appendCodePoint(b);
				b = readByte();
			}
			return sb.toString();
		}
	 
		private char[] ns(int n) {
			char[] buf = new char[n];
			int b = skip(), p = 0;
			while (p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))) {
				buf[p++] = (char) b;
				b = readByte();
			}
			return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p);
		}
	 
		private char[][] nm(int n, int m) {
			char[][] map = new char[n][];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				map[i] = ns(m);
			return map;
		}
	 
		private int[] na(int n) {
			int[] a = new int[n];
			for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
				a[i] = ni();
			return a;
		}
	 
		private int ni() {
			int num = 0, b;
			boolean minus = false;
			while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
				;
			if (b == '-') {
				minus = true;
				b = readByte();
			}
	 
			while (true) {
				if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
					num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
				} else {
					return minus ? -num : num;
				}
				b = readByte();
			}
		}
	 
		private long nl() {
			long num = 0;
			int b;
			boolean minus = false;
			while ((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-'))
				;
			if (b == '-') {
				minus = true;
				b = readByte();
			}
	 
			while (true) {
				if (b >= '0' && b <= '9') {
					num = num * 10 + (b - '0');
				} else {
					return minus ? -num : num;
				}
				b = readByte();
			}
		}
	 
		private boolean oj = System.getProperty("ONLINE_JUDGE") != null;
	 
		private void tr(Object... o) {
			if (!oj)
				System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o));
		}
	} 