Recently in school Alina has learned what are the persistent data structures: they are data structures that always preserves the previous version of itself and access to it when it is modified.

After reaching home Alina decided to invent her own persistent data structure. Inventing didn't take long: there is a bookcase right behind her bed. Alina thinks that the bookcase is a good choice for a persistent data structure. Initially the bookcase is empty, thus there is no book at any position at any shelf.

The bookcase consists of n shelves, and each shelf has exactly m positions for books at it. Alina enumerates shelves by integers from 1 to n and positions at shelves — from 1 to m. Initially the bookcase is empty, thus there is no book at any position at any shelf in it.

Alina wrote down q operations, which will be consecutively applied to the bookcase. Each of the operations has one of four types:

  * 1 i j — Place a book at position j at shelf i if there is no book at it.
  * 2 i j — Remove the book from position j at shelf i if there is a book at it.
  * 3 i — Invert book placing at shelf i. This means that from every position at shelf i which has a book at it, the book should be removed, and at every position at shelf i which has not book at it, a book should be placed.
  * 4 k — Return the books in the bookcase in a state they were after applying k-th operation. In particular, k = 0 means that the bookcase should be in initial state, thus every book in the bookcase should be removed from its position.



After applying each of operation Alina is interested in the number of books in the bookcase. Alina got 'A' in the school and had no problem finding this values. Will you do so?

Input

The first line of the input contains three integers n, m and q (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 103, 1 ≤ q ≤ 105) — the bookcase dimensions and the number of operations respectively.

The next q lines describes operations in chronological order — i-th of them describes i-th operation in one of the four formats described in the statement.

It is guaranteed that shelf indices and position indices are correct, and in each of fourth-type operation the number k corresponds to some operation before it or equals to 0.

Output

For each operation, print the number of books in the bookcase after applying it in a separate line. The answers should be printed in chronological order.

Examples

Input

2 3 3
1 1 1
3 2
4 0


Output

1
4
0


Input

4 2 6
3 2
2 2 2
3 3
3 2
2 2 2
3 2


Output

2
1
3
3
2
4


Input

2 2 2
3 2
2 2 1


Output

2
1

Note

<image>

This image illustrates the second sample case.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class D {

    class Operation {
        int k;
        int t; // [1..4]
        int i, j;
        List<Operation> children = new ArrayList<>();

        public Operation(int k, int t, int i, int j) {
            this.k = k;
            this.t = t;
            this.i = i;
            this.j = j;
        }
    }

    int n, m;

    int cnt;
    boolean[][] b;
    boolean[] r;
    int[] c;

    int[] ans;

    int inv(int t) {
        if (t == 1) return 2;
        if (t == 2) return 1;
        return t;
    }

    boolean apply(int i, int j, int t) {
        switch (t) {
            case 1:
                if (b[i][j] == r[i]) {
                    b[i][j] = !b[i][j];
                    ++cnt;
                    ++c[i];
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            case 2:
                if (b[i][j] != r[i]) {
                    b[i][j] = !b[i][j];
                    --cnt;
                    --c[i];
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            case 3:
                r[i] = !r[i];
                cnt += m - 2 * c[i];
                c[i] = m - c[i];
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    void traversal(Operation o) {
        boolean res = apply(o.i, o.j, o.t);
        ans[o.k] = cnt;
        for (Operation child : o.children) {
            traversal(child);
        }
        if (res) {
            apply(o.i, o.j, inv(o.t));
        }
    }

    void solve() throws IOException {
        in = new InputReader("__std");
        out = new OutputWriter("__std");

        n = in.readInt();
        m = in.readInt();
        int q = in.readInt();
        Operation[] o = new Operation[q + 1];
        o[0] = new Operation(0, 4, -1, -1);
        for (int k = 1; k <= q; ++k) {
            int t = in.readInt();
            int i = in.readInt();
            int j = 0;
            if (t <= 2) j = in.readInt();
            o[k] = new Operation(k, t, i - 1, j - 1);
            if (t == 4) {
                o[i].children.add(o[k]);
            } else {
                o[k - 1].children.add(o[k]);
            }
        }

        b = new boolean[n][m];
        r = new boolean[n];
        c = new int[n];
        ans = new int[q + 1];
        traversal(o[0]);

        for (int k = 1; k <= q; ++k) {
            out.println(ans[k]);
        }

        exit();
    }

    void exit() {
        out.close();
        //System.err.println((System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) + " ms");
        System.exit(0);
    }

    InputReader in;
    OutputWriter out;

    //long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        new D().solve();
    }

    class InputReader {

        private InputStream stream;

        private byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        private int pos, len;

        private int cur;

        private StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(32);

        InputReader(String name) throws IOException {
            if (name.equals("__std")) {
                stream = System.in;
            } else {
                stream = new FileInputStream(name);
            }
            cur = read();
        }

        private int read() throws IOException {
            if (len == -1) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            if (pos >= len) {
                pos = 0;
                len = stream.read(buffer);
                if (len == -1) return -1;
            }
            return buffer[pos++] & 0xff;
        }

        boolean whitespace() {
            return cur == ' ' || cur == '\t' || cur == '\r' || cur == '\n' || cur == -1;
        }

        boolean eol() {
            return cur == '\r' || cur == '\n' || cur == -1;
        }

        boolean eof() {
            return cur == -1;
        }

        byte readByte() throws IOException {
            if (eof()) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            byte res = (byte) cur;
            cur = read();
            return res;
        }

        char readChar() throws IOException {
            if (eof()) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            char res = (char) cur;
            cur = read();
            return res;
        }

        int readInt() throws IOException {
            if (eof()) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            while (whitespace()) {
                cur = read();
            }
            if (eof()) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            int sign = 1;
            if (cur == '-') {
                sign = -1;
                cur = read();
                if (cur < '0' || cur > '9') {
                    throw new NumberFormatException();
                }
            }
            int res = 0;
            while (!whitespace()) {
                if (cur < '0' || cur > '9') {
                    throw new NumberFormatException();
                }
                res *= 10;
                res += cur - '0';
                cur = read();
            }
            return res * sign;
        }

        long readLong() throws IOException {
            if (eof()) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            while (whitespace()) {
                cur = read();
            }
            if (eof()) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            int sign = 1;
            if (cur == '-') {
                sign = -1;
                cur = read();
                if (cur < '0' || cur > '9') {
                    throw new NumberFormatException();
                }
            }
            long res = 0;
            while (!whitespace()) {
                if (cur < '0' || cur > '9') {
                    throw new NumberFormatException();
                }
                res *= 10;
                res += cur - '0';
                cur = read();
            }
            return res * sign;
        }

        double readDouble() throws IOException {
            return Double.parseDouble(readToken());
        }

        String readToken() throws IOException {
            if (eof()) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            while (whitespace()) {
                cur = read();
            }
            if (eof()) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            sb.setLength(0);
            while (!whitespace()) {
                sb.append((char) cur);
                cur = read();
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }

        String readLine() throws IOException {
            if (eof()) {
                throw new EOFException();
            }
            sb.setLength(0);
            while (!eol()) {
                sb.append((char) cur);
                cur = read();
            }
            if (cur == '\r') {
                cur = read();
            }
            if (cur == '\n') {
                cur = read();
            }
            return sb.toString();
        }
    }

    class OutputWriter {

        private PrintWriter writer;

        OutputWriter(String name) throws IOException {
            if (name.equals("__std")) {
                writer = new PrintWriter(System.out);
            } else {
                writer = new PrintWriter(name);
            }
        }

        void print(String format, Object ... args) {
            writer.print(new Formatter(Locale.US).format(format, args));
        }

        void println(String format, Object ... args) {
            writer.println(new Formatter(Locale.US).format(format, args));
        }

        void print(Object value) {
            writer.print(value);
        }

        void println(Object value) {
            writer.println(value);
        }

        void println() {
            writer.println();
        }

        void printArray(int[] a) {
            boolean first = true;
            for (int v : a) {
                if (!first) {
                    writer.print(' ');
                } else {
                    first = false;
                }
                writer.print(v);
            }
            writer.println();
        }

        void printArray(int[][] a) {
            for (int[] v : a) {
                printArray(v);
            }
        }

        void flush() {
            writer.flush();
        }

        void close() {
            writer.close();
        }
    }
}
