Omkar is building a waterslide in his water park, and he needs your help to ensure that he does it as efficiently as possible.

Omkar currently has n supports arranged in a line, the i-th of which has height a_i. Omkar wants to build his waterslide from the right to the left, so his supports must be nondecreasing in height in order to support the waterslide. In 1 operation, Omkar can do the following: take any contiguous subsegment of supports which is nondecreasing by heights and add 1 to each of their heights. 

Help Omkar find the minimum number of operations he needs to perform to make his supports able to support his waterslide!

An array b is a subsegment of an array c if b can be obtained from c by deletion of several (possibly zero or all) elements from the beginning and several (possibly zero or all) elements from the end.

An array b_1, b_2, ..., b_n is called nondecreasing if b_i≤ b_{i+1} for every i from 1 to n-1.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 100). Description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5) — the number of supports Omkar has.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_{1},a_{2},...,a_{n} (0 ≤ a_{i} ≤ 10^9) — the heights of the supports.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 2 ⋅ 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output a single integer — the minimum number of operations Omkar needs to perform to make his supports able to support his waterslide.

Example

Input


3
4
5 3 2 5
5
1 2 3 5 3
3
1 1 1


Output


3
2
0

Note

The subarray with which Omkar performs the operation is bolded.

In the first test case:

  * First operation:

[5, 3, 2, 5] → [5, 3, 3, 5]

  * Second operation:

[5, 3, 3, 5] → [5, 4, 4, 5]

  * Third operation:

[5, 4, 4, 5] → [5, 5, 5, 5]




In the third test case, the array is already nondecreasing, so Omkar does 0 operations.
import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Stack;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;




public class q3 {
	static PrintWriter out=new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
	public static void main(String[] args) {
FastReader s = new FastReader();
		
		int t = s.nextInt();
		
		while(t-- > 0)
		{
			int n = s.nextInt();
			int[] inp = new int[n];
			long ans  = 0;
			Stack<Integer> st = new Stack<>();
			for(int i=0;i<n;++i)
			{
				inp[i] = s.nextInt();
			}
		
			
			for(int i=0;i<n;++i)
			{
				while(!st.isEmpty() && inp[i] > st.peek())
				{
					int k = st.pop();
					
					if(!st.isEmpty())
					{
						ans += Math.min(st.peek() - k, inp[i] - k);
					}
				}
				
				st.push(inp[i]);
		
			}
			
			if(st.size() > 1)
			{
				while(!st.isEmpty())
				{
					int k = st.pop();
					
					if(!st.isEmpty())
					{
						ans += st.peek() - k;
					}
				}
			}
			
			out.println(ans);
			
		}
		out.flush();
		out.close();
	}


	static class FastReader {
        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;
 
        public FastReader()
        {
            br = new BufferedReader(new
                    InputStreamReader(System.in));
        }
 
        String next()
        {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreElements())
            {
                try
                {
                    st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
                }
                catch (IOException  e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }
 
        int nextInt()
        {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }
 
        long nextLong()
        {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }
 
        double nextDouble()
        {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }
 
        String nextLine()
        {
            String str = "";
            try
            {
                str = br.readLine();
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return str;
        }
    }

}
