Let's call an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_m of nonnegative integer numbers good if a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m = 2⋅(a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ ... ⊕ a_m), where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).

For example, array [1, 2, 3, 6] is good, as 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2⋅ 6 = 2⋅ (1⊕ 2 ⊕ 3 ⊕ 6). At the same time, array [1, 2, 1, 3] isn't good, as 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 7 ≠ 2⋅ 1 = 2⋅(1⊕ 2 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3).

You are given an array of length n: a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Append at most 3 elements to it to make it good. Appended elements don't have to be different. It can be shown that the solution always exists under the given constraints. If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of added elements!. So, if an array is good already you are allowed to not append elements.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the size of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

In the first line, output a single integer s (0≤ s≤ 3) — the number of elements you want to append.

In the second line, output s integers b_1, ..., b_s (0≤ b_i ≤ 10^{18}) — the elements you want to append to the array.

If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them.

Example

Input


3
4
1 2 3 6
1
8
2
1 1


Output


0

2
4 4
3
2 6 2

Note

In the first test case of the example, the sum of all numbers is 12, and their ⊕ is 6, so the condition is already satisfied.

In the second test case of the example, after adding 4, 4, the array becomes [8, 4, 4]. The sum of numbers in it is 16, ⊕ of numbers in it is 8.
import java.io.*;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;


// graph, dfs,bfs, get connected components,iscycle, isbipartite, dfs on trees



public class scratch_25 {
    static class Graph{

        public static class Vertex{
            HashMap<Integer,Integer> nb= new HashMap<>();     // for neighbours of each vertex
        }

        public static HashMap<Integer,Vertex> vt;   // for vertices(all)

        public Graph(){
            vt= new HashMap<>();
        }

        public static int numVer(){
            return vt.size();
        }

        public static boolean contVer(int ver){
            return vt.containsKey(ver);
        }

        public static void addVer(int ver){
            Vertex v= new Vertex();
            vt.put(ver,v);
        }






        public static void addEdge(int ver1, int ver2, int weight){
            if(!vt.containsKey(ver1) || !vt.containsKey(ver2)){
                return;
            }
            Vertex v1= vt.get(ver1);
            Vertex v2= vt.get(ver2);
            v1.nb.put(ver2,weight);                                 // if previously there is an edge, then this replaces that edge
            v2.nb.put(ver1,weight);
        }

        public static void delEdge(int ver1, int ver2){

            if(!vt.containsKey(ver1) || !vt.containsKey(ver2)){
                return;
            }
            vt.get(ver1).nb.remove(ver2);
            vt.get(ver2).nb.remove(ver1);
        }
        public static void delVer(int ver){
            if(!vt.containsKey(ver)){
                return;
            }
            Vertex v1= vt.get(ver);
            ArrayList<Integer> arr= new ArrayList<>(v1.nb.keySet());
            for (int i = 0; i <arr.size() ; i++) {
                int s= arr.get(i);
                vt.get(s).nb.remove(ver);
            }
            vt.remove(ver);
        }
        static boolean done[];
        static int parent[];
        static ArrayList<Integer>vals= new ArrayList<>();


        public static boolean isCycle(int i){
            Stack<Integer>stk= new Stack<>();

            stk.push(i);
            while(!stk.isEmpty()){
                int x= stk.pop();
                vals.add(x);
                //   System.out.print("current="+x+" stackinit="+stk);
                if(!done[x]){
                    done[x]=true;
                }
                else if(done[x] ){
                    return true;
                }

                ArrayList<Integer>ar= new ArrayList<>(vt.get(x).nb.keySet());
                for (int j = 0; j <ar.size() ; j++) {
                    if(parent[x]!=ar.get(j)){
                        parent[ar.get(j)]=x;
                        stk.push(ar.get(j));
                    }
                }
                // System.out.println(" stackfin="+stk);
            }
            return false;
        }

        static HashMap<Integer, Set<Integer>>map;
        static int color[];
        public static void bfs(int v){
            Queue<Integer>q= new LinkedList<>();
            q.add(v);
            while(!q.isEmpty()){
                int x= q.poll();
                done[x]=true;
                ArrayList<Integer>ar= new ArrayList<>(vt.get(x).nb.keySet());
                Set<Integer>set= new HashSet<>();
                if(!map.containsKey(color[x])){
                    set= new HashSet<>();
                    map.put(color[x],set);
                }
                else{
                    set= map.get(color[x]);
                }
                for (int i = 0; i <ar.size() ; i++) {
                    int d= ar.get(i);
                    if(color[d]!=color[x]){
                        set.add(color[d]);}
                    if(!map.containsKey(color[d])){
                        Set<Integer>s= new HashSet<>();
                        s.add(color[x]);
                        map.put(color[d],s);
                    }
                    else{
                        Set<Integer>s= map.get(color[d]);
                        if(color[d]!=color[x]){
                            s.add(color[x]);
                            map.put(color[d],s);
                        }}
                    if(!done[d]){
                        q.add(d);
                    }
                }
                map.put(color[x],set);
            }
        }
    }




    // int count=0;
    //static long count=0;
    static class Reader {
        static BufferedReader reader;
        static StringTokenizer tokenizer;

        /**
         * call this method to initialize reader for InputStream
         */
        static void init(InputStream input) {
            reader = new BufferedReader(
                    new InputStreamReader(input));
            tokenizer = new StringTokenizer("");
        }

        /**
         * get next word
         */
        static String next() throws IOException {
            while (!tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                //TODO add check for eof if necessary
                tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(
                        reader.readLine());
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }

        static int nextInt() throws IOException {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        static double nextDouble() throws IOException {
            return Double.parseDouble(next());
        }

        static long nextLong() throws IOException {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }
    }
    static class Pair implements Comparable<Pair>{
        int x;
        int y;
        public Pair(int x,int y){
            this.x=x;
            this.y=y;
        }
        @Override
        public int compareTo(Pair o){
            return (int)this.x-(int)o.x;

        }
        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object me) {
            Pair binMe = (Pair)me;
            if(this.x==binMe.x && this.x==binMe.x)
                return true;
            else
                return false;

        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return (int)this.x + (int)this.y;
        }

        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return x+" "+y;
        }


    }



    // After writing solution, quick scan for:
    //   array out of bounds
    //   special cases e.g. n=1?
    //
    // Big numbers arithmetic bugs:
    //   int overflow
    //   sorting, or taking max, or negative after MOD

    public static void main(String[] args)  throws IOException {
        Reader.init(System.in);
        BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
        int t= Reader.nextInt();
        for (int tt = 0; tt <t ; tt++) {
            int n= Reader.nextInt();
            int arr[]= new int[n];
            long sum=0;
            long xor=0;
            for (int i = 0; i <n ; i++) {
                long v= Reader.nextLong();
                sum+=v;
                xor=xor^v;
            }
            out.append(2+"\n");
            out.append(xor+" "+(sum+xor)+"\n");








        }






















        out.flush();
        out.close();

    }
  









    static long modExp(long a, long b, long mod) {
        //System.out.println("a is " + a + " and b is " + b);
        if (a==1) return 1;
        long ans = 1;
        while (b!=0) {
            if (b%2==1) {
                ans = (ans*a)%mod;
            }
            a = (a*a)%mod;
            b/=2;
        }
        return ans;
    }


    public static long modmul(long a, long b, long mod) {
        return b == 0 ? 0 : ((modmul(a, b >> 1, mod) << 1) % mod + a * (b & 1)) % mod;
    }

    static long sum(long n){
        //   System.out.println("lol="+ (n*(n-1))/2);
        return (n*(n+1))/2;
    }






    public static ArrayList<Integer> Sieve(int n) {
        boolean arr[]= new boolean [n+1];
        Arrays.fill(arr,true);
        arr[0]=false;
        arr[1]=false;
        for (int i = 2; i*i <=n ; i++) {
            if(arr[i]){
                for (int j = 2; j <=n/i ; j++) {
                    int u= i*j;
                    arr[u]=false;
                }}
        }
        ArrayList<Integer> ans= new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i <n+1 ; i++) {
            if(arr[i]){
                ans.add(i);
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }




    static long power( long x, long y, long p)
    {

        long res = 1;


        x = x % p;

        if (x == 0) return 0;

        while (y > 0)
        {

            if((y & 1)==1)
                res = (res * x) % p;


            y = y >> 1;
            x = (x * x) % p;
        }
        return res;
    }

    public static long ceil_div(long a, long b){
        return (a+b-1)/b;
    }

    static long gcd(long a, long b)
    {
        if (a == 0)
            return b;
        return gcd(b % a, a);
    }

    static long lcm(long a, long b)
    {
        return (a*b)/gcd(a, b);
    }

}