Let's call an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_m of nonnegative integer numbers good if a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m = 2⋅(a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ ... ⊕ a_m), where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).

For example, array [1, 2, 3, 6] is good, as 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2⋅ 6 = 2⋅ (1⊕ 2 ⊕ 3 ⊕ 6). At the same time, array [1, 2, 1, 3] isn't good, as 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 7 ≠ 2⋅ 1 = 2⋅(1⊕ 2 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3).

You are given an array of length n: a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Append at most 3 elements to it to make it good. Appended elements don't have to be different. It can be shown that the solution always exists under the given constraints. If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of added elements!. So, if an array is good already you are allowed to not append elements.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the size of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

In the first line, output a single integer s (0≤ s≤ 3) — the number of elements you want to append.

In the second line, output s integers b_1, ..., b_s (0≤ b_i ≤ 10^{18}) — the elements you want to append to the array.

If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them.

Example

Input


3
4
1 2 3 6
1
8
2
1 1


Output


0

2
4 4
3
2 6 2

Note

In the first test case of the example, the sum of all numbers is 12, and their ⊕ is 6, so the condition is already satisfied.

In the second test case of the example, after adding 4, 4, the array becomes [8, 4, 4]. The sum of numbers in it is 16, ⊕ of numbers in it is 8.

import java.util.*;


import static java.lang.System.out;
import static java.lang.Math.*;

import java.io.DataInputStream; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.math.BigInteger; 

public class Main 
{ 

	static int mod = 1000000007;
	static int MOD = 1000000007;
	static final long M = (int)1e9+7;
	 
	static class Pair {
		int first;
		int second;

		public Pair(int first, int second) {
			this.first = first;
			this.second = second;
		}
	}
	
	static class Reader 
	{ 
		final private int BUFFER_SIZE = 1 << 16; 
		private DataInputStream din; 
		private byte[] buffer; 
		private int bufferPointer, bytesRead; 

		public Reader() 
		{ 
			din = new DataInputStream(System.in); 
			buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; 
			bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0; 
		} 

		public Reader(String file_name) throws IOException 
		{ 
			din = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(file_name)); 
			buffer = new byte[BUFFER_SIZE]; 
			bufferPointer = bytesRead = 0; 
		} 

		public String next() throws IOException 
		{ 
			byte[] buf = new byte[64]; // line length 
			int cnt = 0, c; 
			while ((c = read()) != -1) 
			{ 
				if (c == '\n') 
					break; 
				buf[cnt++] = (byte) c; 
			} 
			return new String(buf, 0, cnt); 
		} 
		
		public int nextInt() throws IOException 
		{ 
			int ret = 0; 
			byte c = read(); 
			while (c <= ' ') 
				c = read(); 
			boolean neg = (c == '-'); 
			if (neg) 
				c = read(); 
			do
			{ 
				ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; 
			} while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9'); 

			if (neg) 
				return -ret; 
			return ret; 
		}
		int[] readArray(int n) throws IOException {
			int[] a=new int[n];
			for (int i=0; i<n; i++) a[i]=nextInt();
			return a;
		}

		public long nextLong() throws IOException 
		{ 
			long ret = 0; 
			byte c = read(); 
			while (c <= ' ') 
				c = read(); 
			boolean neg = (c == '-'); 
			if (neg) 
				c = read(); 
			do { 
				ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; 
			} 
			while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9'); 
			if (neg) 
				return -ret; 
			return ret; 
		} 

		public double nextDouble() throws IOException 
		{ 
			double ret = 0, div = 1; 
			byte c = read(); 
			while (c <= ' ') 
				c = read(); 
			boolean neg = (c == '-'); 
			if (neg) 
				c = read(); 

			do { 
				ret = ret * 10 + c - '0'; 
			} 
			while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9'); 

			if (c == '.') 
			{ 
				while ((c = read()) >= '0' && c <= '9') 
				{ 
					ret += (c - '0') / (div *= 10); 
				} 
			} 

			if (neg) 
				return -ret; 
			return ret; 
		} 

		private void fillBuffer() throws IOException 
		{ 
			bytesRead = din.read(buffer, bufferPointer = 0, BUFFER_SIZE); 
			if (bytesRead == -1) 
				buffer[0] = -1; 
		} 

		private byte read() throws IOException 
		{ 
			if (bufferPointer == bytesRead) 
				fillBuffer(); 
			return buffer[bufferPointer++]; 
		} 

		public void close() throws IOException 
		{ 
			if (din == null) 
				return; 
			din.close(); 
		}

		public BigInteger nextBigInteger() {
			// TODO Auto-generated method stub
			return null;
		}

	}

	
	public static boolean isPrime(int n) {
		if(n == 1)
		{
			return false;
		}
		for(int i = 2;i*i<=n;i++)
		{
			if(n%i == 0)
			{
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}
	
	public static int gcd(int a, int b)
	{
		if(b == 0)
		 return a;
		
		else
		return gcd(b,a%b);
	}
	
	public static long LongGCD(long a, long b)
	{
		if(b == 0)
			 return a;
			
			else
			return LongGCD(b,a%b);
	}


	public static int lcm(int a, int b)
    {
        return (a / gcd(a, b)) * b;
    }
	
	public static int phi(int n)  //euler totient function
    { 
        int result = 1; 
        for (int i = 2; i < n; i++) 
            if (gcd(i, n) == 1) 
                result++; 
        return result; 
    }
	
	
	public static int[] computePrefix(int arr[], int n)
	{
		int[] prefix = new int[n];
		prefix[0] = arr[0];
		for(int i = 1;i<n;i++)
		{
			prefix[i] = prefix[i-1]+arr[i];
		}
		
		return prefix;
	}
	
	
	public static int fastPow(int x, int n) //include mod at each step if asked and in args of fn too
	{
		if(n == 0)
			return 1;
		else if(n%2 == 0)
			return fastPow(x*x,n/2);
		else
			return x*fastPow(x*x,(n-1)/2);
	}
	

	
	
	static int LowerBound(int a[], int x) {
		  int l=-1,r=a.length;
		  while(l+1<r) {
		    int m=(l+r)>>>1;
		    if(a[m]>=x) r=m;
		    else l=m;
		  }
		  return r;
		}
	
	
	static int UpperBound(int a[], int x) {
	    int l=-1,r=a.length;
	    while(l+1<r) {
	       int m=(l+r)>>>1;
	       if(a[m]<=x) l=m;
	       else r=m;
	    }
	    return l+1;
	 }
	
	
	   static int power(int x, int y, int p)
	    {
	 
	        int res = 1;
	 
	        x = x % p;
	 
	        while (y > 0) {
	            if (y % 2 == 1)
	                res = (res * x) % p;
	 
	            y = y >> 1; 
	            x = (x * x) % p;
	        }
	 
	        return res;
	    }
	 
	    static int modInverse(int n, int p)
	    {
	        return power(n, p - 2, p);
	    }
	    
	    //Fermat's little theorem for nCr % p.
	    static int nCrModPFermat(int n, int r,
	                             int p)
	    {
	 
	          if (n<r) 
	              return 0;
	        if (r == 0)
	            return 1;
	        int[] fac = new int[n + 1];
	        fac[0] = 1;
	 
	        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
	            fac[i] = fac[i - 1] * i % p;
	 
	        return (fac[n] * modInverse(fac[r], p)
	                % p * modInverse(fac[n - r], p)
	                % p)
	            % p;
	    }
	    
	    
		public static void Sort(int[] a) {
			List<Integer> l=new ArrayList<>();
			for (int i:a) l.add(i);
			Collections.sort(l);
			//Collections.reverse(l);  //Use to Sort decreasingly 
			for (int i=0; i<a.length; i++) a[i]=l.get(i);
		}
		
		
		
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException 
	{ 
		Reader sc = new Reader();
		int t = sc.nextInt();
		while(t-- > 0)
		{
			int n = sc.nextInt();
			int[] arr = sc.readArray(n);
			long s = 0, x = 0;
			for(int i = 0;i<n;i++)
			{
				s += arr[i];
				x ^= arr[i];
			}
			System.out.println(2);
			System.out.println(x  + " " + (s + x));
		}	
	}
}



 