Let's call an array a_1, a_2, ..., a_m of nonnegative integer numbers good if a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_m = 2⋅(a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ ... ⊕ a_m), where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).

For example, array [1, 2, 3, 6] is good, as 1 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 12 = 2⋅ 6 = 2⋅ (1⊕ 2 ⊕ 3 ⊕ 6). At the same time, array [1, 2, 1, 3] isn't good, as 1 + 2 + 1 + 3 = 7 ≠ 2⋅ 1 = 2⋅(1⊕ 2 ⊕ 1 ⊕ 3).

You are given an array of length n: a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Append at most 3 elements to it to make it good. Appended elements don't have to be different. It can be shown that the solution always exists under the given constraints. If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them. Note that you don't have to minimize the number of added elements!. So, if an array is good already you are allowed to not append elements.

Input

Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases t (1 ≤ t ≤ 10 000). The description of the test cases follows.

The first line of each test case contains a single integer n (1≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the size of the array.

The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n (0≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) — the elements of the array.

It is guaranteed that the sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 10^5.

Output

For each test case, output two lines.

In the first line, output a single integer s (0≤ s≤ 3) — the number of elements you want to append.

In the second line, output s integers b_1, ..., b_s (0≤ b_i ≤ 10^{18}) — the elements you want to append to the array.

If there are different solutions, you are allowed to output any of them.

Example

Input


3
4
1 2 3 6
1
8
2
1 1


Output


0

2
4 4
3
2 6 2

Note

In the first test case of the example, the sum of all numbers is 12, and their ⊕ is 6, so the condition is already satisfied.

In the second test case of the example, after adding 4, 4, the array becomes [8, 4, 4]. The sum of numbers in it is 16, ⊕ of numbers in it is 8.
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.util.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.PriorityQueue;
public class Solution implements Runnable
{
    static class pair implements Comparable
    {
        int f;
        long s;
        pair(int fi,long se)
        {
            f=fi;
            s=se;
        }
        public int compareTo(Object o)//asc order
        {
            pair pr=(pair)o;
            if(s>pr.s)
                return 1;
            if(s==pr.s)
            {
                if(f>pr.f)
                    return 1;
                else
                    return -1;
            }
            else
                return -1;
        }
        public boolean equals(Object o)
        {
            pair ob=(pair)o;
            if(o!=null)
            {
                if((ob.f==this.f)&&(ob.s==this.s))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        public int hashCode()
        {
            return (this.f+" "+this.s).hashCode();
        }
    }
    public class triplet implements Comparable
    {
        int f;
        int s;
        int t;
        triplet(int f,int s,int t)
        {
            this.f=f;
            this.s=s;
            this.t=t;
        }
        public boolean equals(Object o)
        {
            triplet ob=(triplet)o;
            int ff;
            int ss;
            double tt;
            if(o!=null)
            {
                ff=ob.f;
                ss=ob.s;
                tt=ob.t;
                if((ff==this.f)&&(ss==this.s)&&(tt==this.t))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
        public int hashCode()
        {
            return (this.f+" "+this.s+" "+this.t).hashCode();
        }
        public int compareTo(Object o)//ascending order
        {
            triplet tr=(triplet)o;
            if(t>tr.t)
                return 1;
            else
                return -1;
        }
    }
    void merge1(int arr[], int l, int m, int r)
    {
        int n1 = m - l + 1;
        int n2 = r - m;
        int L[] = new int [n1];
        int R[] = new int [n2];
        for (int i=0; i<n1; ++i)
            L[i] = arr[l + i];
        for (int j=0; j<n2; ++j)
            R[j] = arr[m + 1+ j];
        int i = 0, j = 0;
        int k = l;
        while (i < n1 && j < n2)
        {
            if (L[i]<=R[j])
            {
                arr[k] = L[i];
                i++;
            }
            else
            {
                arr[k] = R[j];
                j++;
            }
            k++;
        }
        while (i < n1)
        {
            arr[k] = L[i];
            i++;
            k++;
        }
        while (j < n2)
        {
            arr[k] = R[j];
            j++;
            k++;
        }
    }
    void sort1(int arr[], int l, int r)
    {
        if (l < r)
        {
            int m = (l+r)/2;
            sort1(arr, l, m);
            sort1(arr , m+1, r);
            merge1(arr, l, m, r);
        }
    }
    public static void main(String args[])throws Exception
    {
        new Thread(null,new Solution(),"Solution",1<<27).start();
    }
    public void run()
    {
        try
        {
            InputReader in = new InputReader(System.in);
            PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
            int t=in.ni();
            while(t--!=0)
            {
                int n=in.ni();
                long sum=0,xor=0;
                for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
                {
                    long x=in.nl();
                    sum+=x;
                    xor=xor^x;
                }
                out.println("2");
                out.println(xor+" "+(sum+xor));
            }
            out.close();
        }
        catch(Exception e){
            System.out.println(e);
        }
    }
    static class InputReader {

        private final InputStream stream;
        private final byte[] buf = new byte[8192];
        private int curChar, snumChars;

        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            this.stream = stream;
        }

        public int read() {
            if (snumChars == -1)
                throw new InputMismatchException();
            if (curChar >= snumChars) {
                curChar = 0;
                try {
                    snumChars = stream.read(buf);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new InputMismatchException();
                }
                if (snumChars <= 0)
                    return -1;
            }
            return buf[curChar++];
        }

        public int ni() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                c = read();
            }
            int sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
            int res = 0;
            do {
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res * sgn;
        }

        public long nl() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                c = read();
            }
            int sgn = 1;
            if (c == '-') {
                sgn = -1;
                c = read();
            }
            long res = 0;
            do {
                res *= 10;
                res += c - '0';
                c = read();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res * sgn;
        }

        public int[] nextIntArray(int n) {
            int a[] = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                a[i] = ni();
            }
            return a;
        }

        public String readString() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c)) {
                c = read();
            }
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                res.appendCodePoint(c);
                c = read();
            } while (!isSpaceChar(c));
            return res.toString();
        }

        public String nextLine() {
            int c = read();
            while (isSpaceChar(c))
                c = read();
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
            do {
                res.appendCodePoint(c);
                c = read();
            } while (!isEndOfLine(c));
            return res.toString();
        }

        public boolean isSpaceChar(int c) {
            return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' || c == -1;
        }

        private boolean isEndOfLine(int c) {
            return c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == -1;
        }

    }
}