Seryozha conducts a course dedicated to building a map of heights of Stepanovo recreation center. He laid a rectangle grid of size n × m cells on a map (rows of grid are numbered from 1 to n from north to south, and columns are numbered from 1 to m from west to east). After that he measured the average height of each cell above Rybinsk sea level and obtained a matrix of heights of size n × m. The cell (i, j) lies on the intersection of the i-th row and the j-th column and has height h_{i, j}. 

Seryozha is going to look at the result of his work in the browser. The screen of Seryozha's laptop can fit a subrectangle of size a × b of matrix of heights (1 ≤ a ≤ n, 1 ≤ b ≤ m). Seryozha tries to decide how the weather can affect the recreation center — for example, if it rains, where all the rainwater will gather. To do so, he is going to find the cell having minimum height among all cells that are shown on the screen of his laptop.

Help Seryozha to calculate the sum of heights of such cells for all possible subrectangles he can see on his screen. In other words, you have to calculate the sum of minimum heights in submatrices of size a × b with top left corners in (i, j) over all 1 ≤ i ≤ n - a + 1 and 1 ≤ j ≤ m - b + 1.

Consider the sequence g_i = (g_{i - 1} ⋅ x + y) mod z. You are given integers g_0, x, y and z. By miraculous coincidence, h_{i, j} = g_{(i - 1) ⋅ m + j - 1} ((i - 1) ⋅ m + j - 1 is the index).

Input

The first line of the input contains four integers n, m, a and b (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 3 000, 1 ≤ a ≤ n, 1 ≤ b ≤ m) — the number of rows and columns in the matrix Seryozha has, and the number of rows and columns that can be shown on the screen of the laptop, respectively.

The second line of the input contains four integers g_0, x, y and z (0 ≤ g_0, x, y < z ≤ 10^9).

Output

Print a single integer — the answer to the problem.

Example

Input


3 4 2 1
1 2 3 59


Output


111

Note

The matrix from the first example: 

<image>
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

import static java.lang.Math.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.*;

public class cf1195e {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        int n = rni(), m = ni(), a = ni(), b = ni(), g = rni(), x = ni(), y = ni(), z = ni(), h[][] = new int[n][m];
        mmod = z;
        h[0][0] = g;
        for (int i = 1, end = n * m; i < end; ++i) {
            h[i / m][i % m] = g = madd(mmul(g, x), y);
        }
        // h = new int[][] {{47, 22, 39, 18}, {37, 17, 7, 2}, {29, 13, 5, 1}};
        int h1[][] = new int[n - a + 1][m];
        for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) {
            int q[][] = new int[n][2], p1 = 0, p2 = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < a - 1; ++i) {
                while (p1 < p2 && q[p2 - 1][0] >= h[i][j]) {
                    --p2;
                }
                q[p2][0] = h[i][j];
                q[p2++][1] = i;
            }
            for (int i = a - 1; i < n; ++i) {
                while (p1 < p2 && q[p1][1] <= i - a) {
                    ++p1;
                }
                while (p1 < p2 && q[p2 - 1][0] >= h[i][j]) {
                    --p2;
                }
                q[p2][0] = h[i][j];
                q[p2++][1] = i;
                h1[i - a + 1][j] = q[p1][0];
            }
        }
        int h2[][] = new int[n - a + 1][m - b + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i < n - a + 1; ++i) {
            int q[][] = new int[m][2], p1 = 0, p2 = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < b - 1; ++j) {
                while (p1 < p2 && q[p2 - 1][0] >= h1[i][j]) {
                    --p2;
                }
                q[p2][0] = h1[i][j];
                q[p2++][1] = j;
            }
            for (int j = b - 1; j < m; ++j) {
                while (p1 < p2 && q[p1][1] <= j - b) {
                    ++p1;
                }
                while (p1 < p2 && q[p2 - 1][0] >= h1[i][j]) {
                    --p2;
                }
                q[p2][0] = h1[i][j];
                q[p2++][1] = j;
                h2[i][j - b + 1] = q[p1][0];
            }
        }
        long ans = 0;
        /* for (int[] row : h) {
            prln(row);
        }
        prln();
        for (int[] row : h1) {
            prln(row);
        }
        prln(); */
        for (int[] row : h2) {
            // prln(row);
            for (int i : row) {
                ans += i;
            }
        }
        prln(ans);
        close();
    }

    static int mmod = 1000000007;

    static int madd(int a, int b) {
        return (a + b) % mmod;
    }

    static int madd(int... a) {
        int ans = a[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < a.length; ++i) {
            ans = madd(ans, a[i]);
        }
        return ans;
    }

    static int msub(int a, int b) {
        return (a - b + mmod) % mmod;
    }

    static int mmul(int a, int b) {
        return (int) ((long) a * b % mmod);
    }

    static int mmul(int... a) {
        int ans = a[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < a.length; ++i) {
            ans = mmul(ans, a[i]);
        }
        return ans;
    }

    static int minv(int x) {
        // return mpow(x, mmod - 2);
        return (exgcd(x, mmod)[0] % mmod + mmod) % mmod;
    }

    static int mpow(int a, long b) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        int ans = 1;
        while (b > 0) {
            if ((b & 1) > 0) {
                ans = mmul(ans, a);
            }
            a = mmul(a, a);
            b >>= 1;
        }
        return ans;
    }

    static BufferedReader __i = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
    static PrintWriter __o = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
    static StringTokenizer input;
    static Random __r = new Random();

    // references
    // IBIG = 1e9 + 7
    // IMAX ~= 2e9
    // LMAX ~= 9e18

    // constants
    static final int IBIG = 1000000007;
    static final int IMAX = 2147483647;
    static final long LMAX = 9223372036854775807L;
    // math util
    static int minof(int a, int b, int c) {return min(a, min(b, c));}
    static int minof(int... x) {if (x.length == 1) return x[0]; if (x.length == 2) return min(x[0], x[1]); if (x.length == 3) return min(x[0], min(x[1], x[2])); int min = x[0]; for (int i = 1; i < x.length; ++i) if (x[i] < min) min = x[i]; return min;}
    static long minof(long a, long b, long c) {return min(a, min(b, c));}
    static long minof(long... x) {if (x.length == 1) return x[0]; if (x.length == 2) return min(x[0], x[1]); if (x.length == 3) return min(x[0], min(x[1], x[2])); long min = x[0]; for (int i = 1; i < x.length; ++i) if (x[i] < min) min = x[i]; return min;}
    static int maxof(int a, int b, int c) {return max(a, max(b, c));}
    static int maxof(int... x) {if (x.length == 1) return x[0]; if (x.length == 2) return max(x[0], x[1]); if (x.length == 3) return max(x[0], max(x[1], x[2])); int max = x[0]; for (int i = 1; i < x.length; ++i) if (x[i] > max) max = x[i]; return max;}
    static long maxof(long a, long b, long c) {return max(a, max(b, c));}
    static long maxof(long... x) {if (x.length == 1) return x[0]; if (x.length == 2) return max(x[0], x[1]); if (x.length == 3) return max(x[0], max(x[1], x[2])); long max = x[0]; for (int i = 1; i < x.length; ++i) if (x[i] > max) max = x[i]; return max;}
    static int powi(int a, int b) {if (a == 0) return 0; int ans = 1; while (b > 0) {if ((b & 1) > 0) ans *= a; a *= a; b >>= 1;} return ans;}
    static long powl(long a, int b) {if (a == 0) return 0; long ans = 1; while (b > 0) {if ((b & 1) > 0) ans *= a; a *= a; b >>= 1;} return ans;}
    static int fli(double d) {return (int) d;}
    static int cei(double d) {return (int) ceil(d);}
    static long fll(double d) {return (long) d;}
    static long cel(double d) {return (long) ceil(d);}
    static int gcf(int a, int b) {return b == 0 ? a : gcf(b, a % b);}
    static long gcf(long a, long b) {return b == 0 ? a : gcf(b, a % b);}
    static int[] exgcd(int a, int b) {if (b == 0) return new int[] {1, 0}; int[] y = exgcd(b, a % b); return new int[] {y[1], y[0] - y[1] * (a / b)};}
    static long[] exgcd(long a, long b) {if (b == 0) return new long[] {1, 0}; long[] y = exgcd(b, a % b); return new long[] {y[1], y[0] - y[1] * (a / b)};}
    static int randInt(int min, int max) {return __r.nextInt(max - min + 1) + min;}
    static long mix(long x) {x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15L; x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9L; x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111ebL; return x ^ (x >> 31);}
    // array util
    static void reverse(int[] a) {for (int i = 0, n = a.length, half = n / 2; i < half; ++i) {int swap = a[i]; a[i] = a[n - i - 1]; a[n - i - 1] = swap;}}
    static void reverse(long[] a) {for (int i = 0, n = a.length, half = n / 2; i < half; ++i) {long swap = a[i]; a[i] = a[n - i - 1]; a[n - i - 1] = swap;}}
    static void reverse(double[] a) {for (int i = 0, n = a.length, half = n / 2; i < half; ++i) {double swap = a[i]; a[i] = a[n - i - 1]; a[n - i - 1] = swap;}}
    static void reverse(char[] a) {for (int i = 0, n = a.length, half = n / 2; i < half; ++i) {char swap = a[i]; a[i] = a[n - i - 1]; a[n - i - 1] = swap;}}
    static void shuffle(int[] a) {int n = a.length - 1; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {int ind = randInt(i, n); int swap = a[i]; a[i] = a[ind]; a[ind] = swap;}}
    static void shuffle(long[] a) {int n = a.length - 1; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {int ind = randInt(i, n); long swap = a[i]; a[i] = a[ind]; a[ind] = swap;}}
    static void shuffle(double[] a) {int n = a.length - 1; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {int ind = randInt(i, n); double swap = a[i]; a[i] = a[ind]; a[ind] = swap;}}
    static void rsort(int[] a) {shuffle(a); sort(a);}
    static void rsort(long[] a) {shuffle(a); sort(a);}
    static void rsort(double[] a) {shuffle(a); sort(a);}
    static int[] copy(int[] a) {int[] ans = new int[a.length]; for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) ans[i] = a[i]; return ans;}
    static long[] copy(long[] a) {long[] ans = new long[a.length]; for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) ans[i] = a[i]; return ans;}
    static double[] copy(double[] a) {double[] ans = new double[a.length]; for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) ans[i] = a[i]; return ans;}
    static char[] copy(char[] a) {char[] ans = new char[a.length]; for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ++i) ans[i] = a[i]; return ans;}
    // input
    static void r() throws IOException {input = new StringTokenizer(rline());}
    static int ri() throws IOException {return Integer.parseInt(rline());}
    static long rl() throws IOException {return Long.parseLong(rline());}
    static double rd() throws IOException {return Double.parseDouble(rline());}
    static int[] ria(int n) throws IOException {int[] a = new int[n]; r(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) a[i] = ni(); return a;}
    static int[] riam1(int n) throws IOException {int[] a = new int[n]; r(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) a[i] = ni() - 1; return a;}
    static long[] rla(int n) throws IOException {long[] a = new long[n]; r(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) a[i] = nl(); return a;}
    static double[] rda(int n) throws IOException {double[] a = new double[n]; r(); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) a[i] = nd(); return a;}
    static char[] rcha() throws IOException {return rline().toCharArray();}
    static String rline() throws IOException {return __i.readLine();}
    static String n() {return input.nextToken();}
    static int rni() throws IOException {r(); return ni();}
    static int ni() {return Integer.parseInt(n());}
    static long rnl() throws IOException {r(); return nl();}
    static long nl() {return Long.parseLong(n());}
    static double rnd() throws IOException {r(); return nd();}
    static double nd() {return Double.parseDouble(n());}
    // output
    static void pr(int i) {__o.print(i);}
    static void prln(int i) {__o.println(i);}
    static void pr(long l) {__o.print(l);}
    static void prln(long l) {__o.println(l);}
    static void pr(double d) {__o.print(d);}
    static void prln(double d) {__o.println(d);}
    static void pr(char c) {__o.print(c);}
    static void prln(char c) {__o.println(c);}
    static void pr(char[] s) {__o.print(new String(s));}
    static void prln(char[] s) {__o.println(new String(s));}
    static void pr(String s) {__o.print(s);}
    static void prln(String s) {__o.println(s);}
    static void pr(Object o) {__o.print(o);}
    static void prln(Object o) {__o.println(o);}
    static void prln() {__o.println();}
    static void pryes() {prln("yes");}
    static void pry() {prln("Yes");}
    static void prY() {prln("YES");}
    static void prno() {prln("no");}
    static void prn() {prln("No");}
    static void prN() {prln("NO");}
    static boolean pryesno(boolean b) {prln(b ? "yes" : "no"); return b;};
    static boolean pryn(boolean b) {prln(b ? "Yes" : "No"); return b;}
    static boolean prYN(boolean b) {prln(b ? "YES" : "NO"); return b;}
    static void prln(int... a) {for (int i = 0, len = a.length - 1; i < len; pr(a[i]), pr(' '), ++i); if (a.length > 0) prln(a[a.length - 1]); else prln();}
    static void prln(long... a) {for (int i = 0, len = a.length - 1; i < len; pr(a[i]), pr(' '), ++i); if (a.length > 0) prln(a[a.length - 1]); else prln();}
    static void prln(double... a) {for (int i = 0, len = a.length - 1; i < len; pr(a[i]), pr(' '), ++i); if (a.length > 0) prln(a[a.length - 1]); else prln();}
    static <T> void prln(Collection<T> c) {int n = c.size() - 1; Iterator<T> iter = c.iterator(); for (int i = 0; i < n; pr(iter.next()), pr(' '), ++i); if (n >= 0) prln(iter.next()); else prln();}
    static void h() {prln("hlfd"); flush();}
    static void flush() {__o.flush();}
    static void close() {__o.close();}
}