One day, Snuke was given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, from his friend.

Find the following:

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Constraints

* 1 ≦ N ≦ 200,000
* (a_1, a_2, ..., a_N) is a permutation of (1, 2, ..., N).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:


N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N


Output

Print the answer.

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Examples

Input

3
2 1 3


Output

9


Input

4
1 3 2 4


Output

19


Input

8
5 4 8 1 2 6 7 3


Output

85
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.SortedSet;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 */
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InputStream inputStream = System.in;
        OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
        InputReader in = new InputReader(inputStream);
        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
        TaskB solver = new TaskB();
        solver.solve(1, in, out);
        out.close();
    }

    static class TaskB {
        public void solve(int testNumber, InputReader in, PrintWriter out) {
            TreeSet<Integer> seen = new TreeSet<>();
            int n = in.nextInt();
            seen.add(-1);
            seen.add(n);
            int[] w = new int[n];
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) w[in.nextInt() - 1] = i;
            long res = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                seen.add(w[i]);
                int prev = seen.headSet(w[i], false).last();
                int next = seen.tailSet(w[i], false).first();
                res += (w[i] - prev) * (long) (next - w[i]) * (i + 1);
            }
            out.println(res);
        }

    }

    static class InputReader {
        public BufferedReader reader;
        public StringTokenizer tokenizer;

        public InputReader(InputStream stream) {
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream), 32768);
            tokenizer = null;
        }

        public String next() {
            while (tokenizer == null || !tokenizer.hasMoreTokens()) {
                try {
                    tokenizer = new StringTokenizer(reader.readLine());
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            return tokenizer.nextToken();
        }

        public int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

    }
}

