One day, Snuke was given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, from his friend.

Find the following:

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Constraints

* 1 ≦ N ≦ 200,000
* (a_1, a_2, ..., a_N) is a permutation of (1, 2, ..., N).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:


N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N


Output

Print the answer.

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Examples

Input

3
2 1 3


Output

9


Input

4
1 3 2 4


Output

19


Input

8
5 4 8 1 2 6 7 3


Output

85
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.util.InputMismatchException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * Built using CHelper plug-in
 * Actual solution is at the top
 * @author ogiekako
 */
public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		InputStream inputStream = System.in;
		OutputStream outputStream = System.out;
		MyScanner in = new MyScanner(inputStream);
		MyPrintWriter out = new MyPrintWriter(outputStream);
		TaskB solver = new TaskB();
		solver.solve(1, in, out);
		out.close();
	}
}

class TaskB {
    public void solve(int testNumber, MyScanner in, MyPrintWriter out) {
        int n = in.nextInt();
        int[] p = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            p[in.nextInt()-1] = i;
        }
        TreeSet<Integer> seen = new TreeSet<>();
        seen.add(-1);
        seen.add(n);
        long res = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            res += (long)(p[i] - seen.lower(p[i])) * (seen.higher(p[i]) - p[i]) * (i+1);
            seen.add(p[i]);
        }
        out.println(res);
    }
}

class MyScanner {
    private final InputStream in;

    public MyScanner(InputStream in) {
        this.in = in;
    }

    private static final int BUFSIZE = 65536;
    int bufLen;
    int bufPtr;
    byte[] buf = new byte[BUFSIZE];

    public int read() {
        if (bufLen == -1)
            throw new InputMismatchException();
        if (bufPtr >= bufLen) {
            bufPtr = 0;
            try {
                bufLen = in.read(buf);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new InputMismatchException();
            }
            if (bufLen <= 0)
                return -1;
        }
        return buf[bufPtr++];
    }

    public int nextInt() {
        int c = read();
        if (c == -1) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        while (c != '-' && (c < '0' || '9' < c)) {
            c = read();
            if (c == -1) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        }
        if (c == '-') return -nextInt();
        int res = 0;
        do {
            res *= 10;
            res += c - '0';
            c = read();
        } while ('0' <= c && c <= '9');
        return res;
    }

}

class MyPrintWriter {
    PrintWriter out;

    public MyPrintWriter(OutputStream outputStream) {
        out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream)));
    }

    public void println(Object... os) {
        if (os.length == 0) {
            out.println();
            return;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < os.length - 1; i++) {
            out.print(os[i]);
            out.print(' ');
        }
        out.println(os[os.length - 1]);
    }

    public void close() {
        out.close();
    }

}

