One day, Snuke was given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, from his friend.

Find the following:

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Constraints

* 1 ≦ N ≦ 200,000
* (a_1, a_2, ..., a_N) is a permutation of (1, 2, ..., N).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:


N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N


Output

Print the answer.

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Examples

Input

3
2 1 3


Output

9


Input

4
1 3 2 4


Output

19


Input

8
5 4 8 1 2 6 7 3


Output

85
N = int(input())
a = list(map(int,input().split()))
l = [i for i in range(N)]
r = [i for i in range(N)]

b = [0] * N
for i in range(N):
    b[a[i]-1] = i

ans = 0
for i in range(N-1,-1,-1):
    m = b[i]
    x,y = l[m],r[m]
    ans += (i+1)*(m-x+1)*(y-m+1)
    l[min(y+1,N-1)] = x
    r[max(x-1,0)] = y
print(ans)