One day, Snuke was given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, from his friend.

Find the following:

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Constraints

* 1 ≦ N ≦ 200,000
* (a_1, a_2, ..., a_N) is a permutation of (1, 2, ..., N).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:


N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N


Output

Print the answer.

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Examples

Input

3
2 1 3


Output

9


Input

4
1 3 2 4


Output

19


Input

8
5 4 8 1 2 6 7 3


Output

85
N = int(input())
a = list(map(int, input().split()))

order = [0]*(N+1)

for i in range(N):
    order[a[i]] = i

ans = 0
checkR = list(range(N+1))
checkL = list(range(N+1))

for i in range(N, 0, -1):
    ans += i*(order[i] - checkR[order[i]] + 1)*(checkL[order[i]] - order[i]+1)
    checkR[checkL[order[i]]+1] = checkR[order[i]]
    checkL[checkR[order[i]]-1] = checkL[order[i]]
print(ans)