One day, Snuke was given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, from his friend.

Find the following:

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Constraints

* 1 ≦ N ≦ 200,000
* (a_1, a_2, ..., a_N) is a permutation of (1, 2, ..., N).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:


N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N


Output

Print the answer.

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Examples

Input

3
2 1 3


Output

9


Input

4
1 3 2 4


Output

19


Input

8
5 4 8 1 2 6 7 3


Output

85
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public class Main {
	
	//final boolean isDebug = true;
	final boolean isDebug = false;
	String fileName = "input.txt";
	FastScanner sc;
	PrintWriter out;
	final int MOD = (int)1e9+7;
	//final int INF = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 2;
	final long INF = Long.MAX_VALUE / 2;
	
	void solve() throws Exception{
		int N = sc.nextInt();
		int[] a = new int[N];
		HashMap<Integer, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
		for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){
			a[i] = sc.nextInt();
			map.put(a[i], i);
		}
		
		Arrays.sort(a);
		TreeSet<Integer> set = new TreeSet<>();
		set.add(-1); set.add(N);
		long ans = 0;
		for(int i = 0; i < N; i++){
			int index = map.get(a[i]);
			int indexF = set.floor(index);
			int indexB = set.ceiling(index);
			ans += (long)a[i] * (index - indexF) * (indexB - index);
			set.add(index);
		}
		System.out.println(ans);
 	}
		
	/* end solve */
	
	/* main */
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		new Main().m();
	}
	
	void m() throws Exception {
		long S = System.currentTimeMillis();
		sc = (isDebug) ? new FastScanner(new FileInputStream(fileName)) : new FastScanner(System.in);
		out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		solve();
		out.flush();
		long G = System.currentTimeMillis();
		if(isDebug){
			System.out.println("---Debug---");
			System.out.printf("%8d ms\n", (G-S));
		}
	}
	
	
	/* end main */
}
/* end Main */

class FastScanner {
    private InputStream in;
    private final byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
    private int ptr = 0;
    private int buflen = 0;
    public FastScanner(InputStream in) {
		this.in = in;
	}
    private boolean hasNextByte() {
        if (ptr < buflen) {
            return true;
        }else{
            ptr = 0;
            try {
                buflen = in.read(buffer);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if (buflen <= 0) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
    private int readByte() {
    	if (hasNextByte()) return buffer[ptr++];
    	else return -1;
    }
    private static boolean isPrintableChar(int c){
    	return 33 <= c && c <= 126;
    }
    public boolean hasNext() {
    	while(hasNextByte() && !isPrintableChar(buffer[ptr]))
    		ptr++; return hasNextByte();
    }
    public String next() {
        if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        int b = readByte();
        while(isPrintableChar(b)) {
            sb.appendCodePoint(b);
            b = readByte();
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
    public String nextLine() {
        if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        int b = readByte();
        while(b != 10) {
            sb.appendCodePoint(b);
            b = readByte();
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
    public long nextLong() {
        if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
        long n = 0;
        boolean minus = false;
        int b = readByte();
        if (b == '-') {
            minus = true;
            b = readByte();
        }
        if (b < '0' || '9' < b) {
            throw new NumberFormatException();
        }
        while(true){
            if ('0' <= b && b <= '9') {
                n *= 10;
                n += b - '0';
            }else if(b == -1 || !isPrintableChar(b)){
                return minus ? -n : n;
            }else{
                throw new NumberFormatException();
            }
            b = readByte();
        }
    }
    public int nextInt() {
        long nl = nextLong();
        if (nl < Integer.MIN_VALUE || nl > Integer.MAX_VALUE) throw new NumberFormatException();
        return (int) nl;
    }
    public double nextDouble() {
    	return Double.parseDouble(next());
    }
}
