One day, Snuke was given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, from his friend.

Find the following:

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Constraints

* 1 ≦ N ≦ 200,000
* (a_1, a_2, ..., a_N) is a permutation of (1, 2, ..., N).

Input

The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:


N
a_1 a_2 ... a_N


Output

Print the answer.

Note that the answer may not fit into a 32-bit integer.

Examples

Input

3
2 1 3


Output

9


Input

4
1 3 2 4


Output

19


Input

8
5 4 8 1 2 6 7 3


Output

85
import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    private static boolean debug = false;
    private static boolean elapsed = false;

    private static PrintWriter _out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
    private static PrintWriter _err = new PrintWriter(System.err);

    private void solve(Scanner sc) {
        int n = sc.nextInt();
        int[] a = new int[n];
        int[] idx = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            a[i] = sc.nextInt() - 1;
            idx[a[i]] = i;
        }

        NavigableSet<Integer> set = new TreeSet<>();
        set.add(-1);
        set.add(n);
        long ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int m = idx[i];
            int l = set.lower(m);
            int r = set.higher(m);
            ans += (long)(i + 1) * (m - l) * (r - m);
            set.add(m);
        }

        _out.println(ans);
    }
    private static BigInteger C(long n, long r) {
        BigInteger res = BigInteger.ONE;
        for (long i = n; i > n - r; --i) {
            res = res.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(i));
        }
        for (long i = r; i > 1; --i) {
            res = res.divide(BigInteger.valueOf(i));
        }
        return res;
    }
    private static BigInteger P(long n, long r) {
        BigInteger res = BigInteger.ONE;
        for (long i = n; i > n - r; --i) {
            res = res.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(i));
        }
        return res;
    }
    /*
     * 10^10 > Integer.MAX_VALUE = 2147483647 > 10^9
     * 10^19 > Long.MAX_VALUE = 9223372036854775807L > 10^18
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        long S = System.currentTimeMillis();

        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        new Main().solve(sc);
        _out.flush();

        long G = System.currentTimeMillis();
        if (elapsed) {
            _err.println((G - S) + "ms");
        }
        _err.flush();
    }
}