You are given an integer n and an integer k.

In one step you can do one of the following moves: 

  * decrease n by 1; 
  * divide n by k if n is divisible by k. 



For example, if n = 27 and k = 3 you can do the following steps: 27 → 26 → 25 → 24 → 8 → 7 → 6 → 2 → 1 → 0.

You are asked to calculate the minimum number of steps to reach 0 from n. 

Input

The first line contains one integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 100) — the number of queries.

The only line of each query contains two integers n and k (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^{18}, 2 ≤ k ≤ 10^{18}).

Output

For each query print the minimum number of steps to reach 0 from n in single line. 

Example

Input


2
59 3
1000000000000000000 10


Output


8
19

Note

Steps for the first test case are: 59 → 58 → 57 → 19 → 18 → 6 → 2 → 1 → 0.

In the second test case you have to divide n by k 18 times and then decrease n by 1.
#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import division, print_function

import os
import sys
from io import BytesIO, IOBase

if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
    from __builtin__ import xrange as range
    from future_builtins import ascii, filter, hex, map, oct, zip


def main():
    t = int(input())

    for _ in range(t):
        n, k = map(int, input().split())
        a = 0

        while n:
            a += n % k
            n //= k
            if n:
                a += 1

        print(a)


# region fastio

BUFSIZE = 8192


class FastIO(IOBase):
    newlines = 0

    def __init__(self, file):
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self.buffer = BytesIO()
        self.writable = "x" in file.mode or "r" not in file.mode
        self.write = self.buffer.write if self.writable else None

    def read(self):
        if self.buffer.tell():
            return self.buffer.read()
        return os.read(self._fd, os.fstat(self._fd).st_size)

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            b = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE))
            self.newlines = b.count(b"\n") + (not b)
            ptr = self.buffer.tell()
            self.buffer.seek(0, 2), self.buffer.write(b), self.buffer.seek(ptr)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return self.buffer.readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self.writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self.buffer.getvalue())
            self.buffer.truncate(0), self.buffer.seek(0)


class IOWrapper(IOBase):
    def __init__(self, file):
        self.buffer = FastIO(file)
        self.flush = self.buffer.flush
        self.writable = self.buffer.writable
        self.write = lambda s: self.buffer.write(s.encode("ascii"))
        self.read = lambda: self.buffer.read().decode("ascii")
        self.readline = lambda: self.buffer.readline().decode("ascii")


def print(*args, **kwargs):
    """Prints the values to a stream, or to sys.stdout by default."""
    sep, file = kwargs.pop("sep", " "), kwargs.pop("file", sys.stdout)
    at_start = True
    for x in args:
        if not at_start:
            file.write(sep)
        file.write(str(x))
        at_start = False
    file.write(kwargs.pop("end", "\n"))
    if kwargs.pop("flush", False):
        file.flush()


if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
    sys.stdin, sys.stdout = FastIO(sys.stdin), FastIO(sys.stdout)
else:
    sys.stdin, sys.stdout = IOWrapper(sys.stdin), IOWrapper(sys.stdout)

input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip("\r\n")

# endregion

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
