Superdeterminism
Examples
Examples
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The first superdeterministic hidden variables model was put forward by [Carl H. Brans](/wiki/Carl_H._Brans "Carl H. Brans") in 1988\. Other models were proposed in 2010 by Michael Hall, and in 2022 by Donadi and Hossenfelder. [Gerard 't Hooft](/wiki/Gerard_%27t_Hooft "Gerard 't Hooft") has referred to his [cellular automaton](/wiki/Cellular_automaton "Cellular automaton") model of quantum mechanics as superdeterministic though it has remained unclear whether it fulfills the definition. 

Some authors consider [retrocausality](/wiki/Retrocausality "Retrocausality") in quantum mechanics to be an example of superdeterminism, whereas other authors treat the two cases as distinct. No agreed\-upon definition for distinguishing them exists.


Can superdeterminism be used to explain phenomena outside of quantum mechanics?