Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne
Early years, 1845–1882
Early years, 1845–1882
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[thumb\|[Bowood House](/wiki/Bowood_House "Bowood House"), estate inherited by Lansdowne](/wiki/File:George_Stubbs_-_Bowood_Wiltshire%2C_the_Seat_of_the_Marquis_of_Lansdown_-_B1991.40.110_-_Yale_Center_for_British_Art.jpg "George Stubbs - Bowood Wiltshire, the Seat of the Marquis of Lansdown - B1991.40.110 - Yale Center for British Art.jpg")
A great\-grandson of British Prime Minister [Lord Shelburne](/wiki/William_Petty%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Shelburne "William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne") (later 1st [Marquess of Lansdowne](/wiki/Marquess_of_Lansdowne "Marquess of Lansdowne")) and the eldest son of [Henry Petty\-Fitzmaurice, 4th Marquess of Lansdowne](/wiki/Henry_Petty-Fitzmaurice%2C_4th_Marquess_of_Lansdowne "Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 4th Marquess of Lansdowne"), and his wife, [Emily, 8th Lady Nairne](/wiki/Emily_Petty-Fitzmaurice%2C_Marchioness_of_Lansdowne "Emily Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne") (*née* de Flahaut), Henry Charles Keith Petty\-Fitzmaurice was born in 1845 at [Lansdowne House](/wiki/Lansdowne_House "Lansdowne House"), their family seat in London.Geoghegan, Patrick M. (2009\). [Fitzmaurice, Henry Charles Keith Petty](https://www.dib.ie/biography/fitzmaurice-henry-charles-keith-petty-a3224), Dictionary of Irish Biography His maternal grandfather, Count [Charles de Flahaut](/wiki/Charles_de_Flahaut "Charles de Flahaut"), was an important French general to [Napoleon Bonaparte](/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte "Napoleon Bonaparte"), and a member of his family. He fought along his side during many battles and later occupied the functions of Ambassador and Senator of the Empire. Through his mother [Emily](/wiki/Emily_Petty-Fitzmaurice%2C_Marchioness_of_Lansdowne "Emily Petty-Fitzmaurice, Marchioness of Lansdowne"), Lansdowne was half\-nephew of Emperor [Napoleon III](/wiki/Napoleon_III "Napoleon III"), a step\-grandson of Queen [Hortense Bonaparte](/wiki/Hortense_de_Beauharnais "Hortense de Beauharnais"), and a great\-grandson of Prince [Talleyrand](/wiki/Talleyrand "Talleyrand"), the Emperor's foreign minister. His maternal great\-grandfather, [George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith](/wiki/George_Elphinstone%2C_1st_Viscount_Keith "George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith"), was also the Admiral who prevented [Napoleon](/wiki/Napoleon "Napoleon")'s escape from France after the [Battle of Waterloo](/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo "Battle of Waterloo"), and who received and supervised his final surrender to [St. Helena](/wiki/St._Helena "St. Helena") in 1815\.[Admiral George Keith Elphinstone, 1746\-1823, 1st Viscount Keith](https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-14289)

Lord Lansdowne was a member of the [Fitzmaurice](/wiki/Fitzmaurice "Fitzmaurice")/[Petty\-Fitzmaurice](/wiki/Petty-Fitzmaurice "Petty-Fitzmaurice") family, a cadet branch of the [House of FitzGerald](/wiki/House_of_FitzGerald "House of FitzGerald") of Ireland.[Henry Petty\-Fitzmaurice, Canadian History Ehx.](https://canadaehx.com/2022/04/08/henry-petty-fitzmaurice/)Wright, C. J. (2005\), [Holland House (act. 1797–1845\)](https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-93786?back=%2C10024), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography He held the [courtesy title](/wiki/Courtesy_titles_in_the_United_Kingdom "Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom") *Viscount Clanmaurice* from birth to 1863 and then the courtesy title *[Earl of Kerry](/wiki/Earl_of_Kerry "Earl of Kerry")* until he succeeded as *[Marquess of Lansdowne](/wiki/Marquess_of_Lansdowne "Marquess of Lansdowne")* in 1866\. Upon his mother's death in 1895, he succeeded her as the [9th Lord Nairne](/wiki/Lord_Nairne "Lord Nairne") in the [Peerage of Scotland](/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland "Peerage of Scotland"). He was estimated to be the sixteenth richest peer in the United Kingdom, and the fourth largest landowner.

After studying at [Eton](/wiki/Eton_College "Eton College") and [Oxford](/wiki/University_of_Oxford "University of Oxford"), he succeeded his father as 5th Marquess of Lansdowne (in the [Peerage of the United Kingdom](/wiki/Peerage_of_the_United_Kingdom "Peerage of the United Kingdom")) and 6th Earl of Kerry (in the [Peerage of Ireland](/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland "Peerage of Ireland")) at the relatively early age of 21 on 5 June 1866\. He [inherited](/wiki/Heir "Heir") a vast estate (including [Bowood House](/wiki/Bowood_House "Bowood House"), a [Wiltshire](/wiki/Wiltshire "Wiltshire") estate of over 142,000 [acres](/wiki/Acres "Acres")) and great wealth.[The great landowners of Great Britain and Ireland](https://archive.org/details/greatlandownerso00bateuoft/page/259/mode/1up) At one of his inherited properties, [Derreen House](/wiki/Derreen_House_and_Gardens "Derreen House and Gardens") (Lauragh, [County Kerry](/wiki/County_Kerry "County Kerry"), in the present\-day [Republic of Ireland](/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland "Republic of Ireland")), Lord Lansdowne started to develop a great garden from 1871 onwards. For most of the rest of his life, he spent three months of the year at Derreen.

Lord Lansdowne entered the [House of Lords](/wiki/House_of_Lords "House of Lords") as a member of the [Liberal Party](/wiki/Liberal_Party_%28UK%29 "Liberal Party (UK)") in 1866\. He served in [William Ewart Gladstone](/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone "William Ewart Gladstone")'s government as a [Lord of the Treasury](/wiki/Lord_of_the_Treasury "Lord of the Treasury") from 1869 to 1872 and as [Under\-Secretary of State for War](/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_War "Under-Secretary of State for War") from 1872 to 1874\. He was appointed [Under\-Secretary of State for India](/wiki/Under-Secretary_of_State_for_India "Under-Secretary of State for India") in 1880 and, having gained experience in overseas administration, was appointed [Governor General of Canada](/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada "Governor General of Canada") in 1883, replacing [John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll](/wiki/John_Campbell%2C_9th_Duke_of_Argyll "John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll"), the son\-in\-law of [Queen Victoria](/wiki/Queen_Victoria "Queen Victoria"). The present\-day town of [Lansdowne](/wiki/Lansdowne%2C_India "Lansdowne, India"), in [Uttarakhand](/wiki/Uttarakhand "Uttarakhand"), [India](/wiki/India "India"), was established in 1887 and named after him.

He was a member and trustee of the [Brooks's Club](/wiki/Brooks%27s_Club "Brooks's Club") in London, along notable members such as [Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire](/wiki/Spencer_Cavendish%2C_8th_Duke_of_Devonshire "Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire") of [Chatsworth House](/wiki/Chatsworth_House "Chatsworth House"), [Lord Rosebery](/wiki/Lord_Rosebery "Lord Rosebery") of [Mentmore Towers](/wiki/Mentmore_Towers "Mentmore Towers"), and Baron [Lionel de Rothschild](/wiki/Lionel_de_Rothschild "Lionel de Rothschild") of [Tring Park](/wiki/Tring_Park_Mansion "Tring Park Mansion"), son of [Nathan Mayer](/wiki/Nathan_Mayer_Rothschild "Nathan Mayer Rothschild") of [Gunnersbury Park](/wiki/Gunnersbury_Park "Gunnersbury Park"), and grandson of [Mayer Amschel](/wiki/Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild "Mayer Amschel Rothschild"), founder of the [House of Rothschild](/wiki/House_of_Rothschild "House of Rothschild").[London Metropolitan Archives, Brooks's Club](https://search.lma.gov.uk/LMA_DOC/ACC_2371.PDF) His great\-grandfather, [Lord Shelburne](/wiki/Lord_Shelburne "Lord Shelburne"), had previously founded the [Boodle's Club](/wiki/Boodle%27s "Boodle's"), which had as members [Adam Smith](/wiki/Adam_Smith "Adam Smith"), the [Duke of Wellington](/wiki/Duke_of_Wellington "Duke of Wellington"), Sir [Winston Churchill](/wiki/Winston_Churchill "Winston Churchill"), and [Ian Fleming](/wiki/Ian_Fleming "Ian Fleming"), among others, and is now the second oldest club in the world.[Society of Architectural Historians](https://www.sah.org/publications-and-research/sah-newsletter/sah-newsletter-ind/2022/07/20/sahara-highlights-clubs), Sahara Highlights: Clubs, Jacqueline Spafford and Mark Hinchman, SAHARA Co\-Editors, 2022

In 1897, he also became a founding trustee of the [National Gallery of British Art](/wiki/National_Gallery_of_British_Art "National Gallery of British Art"), with the [Earl of Carlisle](/wiki/George_Howard%2C_9th_Earl_of_Carlisle "George Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle") of [Castle Howard](/wiki/Castle_Howard "Castle Howard"), [Lord Brownlow](/wiki/Peregrine_Cust%2C_6th_Baron_Brownlow "Peregrine Cust, 6th Baron Brownlow") of [Belton House](/wiki/Belton_House "Belton House"), [Alfred de Rothschild](/wiki/Alfred_de_Rothschild "Alfred de Rothschild") of [Halton House](/wiki/Halton_House "Halton House"), Sir [Charles Tennant](/wiki/Charles_Tennant "Charles Tennant") of [Glen House](/wiki/The_Glen%2C_Scottish_Borders "The Glen, Scottish Borders"), [John Postle Heseltine](/wiki/John_Postle_Heseltine "John Postle Heseltine") of [Walhampton House](/wiki/John_Postle_Heseltine%23Personal_life "John Postle Heseltine#Personal life"), and Sir John Murray Scott.[Art for the Nation: Exhibitions and the London Public, 1747\-2001](https://books.google.com/books?id=ce0sj2qmBsYC&dq=National+Gallery+of+British+Art+trustee+Lord+Lansdowne%2C+the+Earl+of+Carlisle%2C+Lord+Brownlow%2C+Alfred+Rothschild%2C+Sir+Charles+Tennant%2C+J.P.+Heseltine+and+Murray+Scott&pg=PA119), Manchester University Press, Brandon Taylor, 1999, p. 119


Who were some members of the Boodle's Club?