Descendants of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans
Introduction
[thumb\|upright\=1\.25\|Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans](/wiki/File:Mathieu%2C_attributed_to_-_Philippe_of_France%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans_-_Versailles%2C_MV6039.jpg "Mathieu, attributed to - Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans - Versailles, MV6039.jpg")
**[Philippe de France, Duke of Orléans](/wiki/Philippe_I%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans "Philippe I, Duke of Orléans")** was the brother of [Louis XIV of France](/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France "Louis XIV of France") and the younger son of [Louis XIII of France](/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France "Louis XIII of France") and [Anne of Austria](/wiki/Anne_of_Austria "Anne of Austria").

A member of the [House of Bourbon](/wiki/House_of_Bourbon "House of Bourbon"), he is the founder of the current [House of Orléans](/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans "House of Orléans"). His heirs formed a junior collateral branch of the royal dynasty. They include the [second duke](/wiki/Philippe_II%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans "Philippe II, Duke of Orléans"), who governed France during the minority of Louis XV in the [Regency](/wiki/R%C3%A9gence "Régence") era; one French monarch, [Louis Philippe I](/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I "Louis Philippe I"); and the [Orléanist](/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist "Orléanist") [pretenders](/wiki/Pretender "Pretender") to the French throne still [flourishing](/wiki/Floruit "Floruit") in the 21st century. The accumulation of the vast wealth which the House of Orléans would possess and use to influence both politics and court life (until it was [confiscated](/wiki/Confiscation "Confiscation") during the [French Revolution](/wiki/French_Revolution "French Revolution")) began with Philippe, a lifelong beneficiary of his brother's largesse.

He was originally known by the title "Duke of Anjou". In 1660, his paternal uncle, [Gaston, Duke of Orléans](/wiki/Gaston%2C_Duke_of_Orl%C3%A9ans "Gaston, Duke of Orléans"), died. The dukedom of [Orléans](/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans "Orléans") was an [appanage](/wiki/Appanage "Appanage") traditionally conferred upon the younger brother of the French king whenever available. Philippe exchanged Anjou for Orléans. As a son of a French king, Philippe ranked as a *[fils de France](/wiki/Fils_de_France "Fils de France")*, and as the king's younger brother, he was invariably referred to at court simply as *[Monsieur](/wiki/Monsieur "Monsieur")*.


Who was one French monarch that belonged to the House of Orléans?