Escaped plant
Related terms
Related terms
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Escaped plants can fall within the definition of, and may have a relation to, these [botanical terminologies](/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms "Glossary of botanical terms") below:
[thumb\|220px\|[Wild tulips](/wiki/Tulipa_praestans "Tulipa praestans") survive, multiply and grow wild without human influence.](/wiki/File:Tulipa_-_Wildtulpe.jpg "Tulipa - Wildtulpe.jpg")
* **Agriophyte**: Refers to plant species that have invaded natural or near\-natural vegetation and can survive there without human intervention. Established in their new natural habitats, they remain part of natural vegetation even after human influence has ceased, and are independent of humans in their continued existence.[Handbook of Plant Palaeoecology, Flora and Vegetation, p.95](https://books.google.com/books?id=OJhLDwAAQBAJ&dq=Agriophyte&pg=PA95) By R. T. J. Cappers, R. Neef[Plant Ecology, p.496](https://books.google.com/books?id=rDo8hLWtWzgC&dq=Agriophyte&pg=PA496) By Ernst\-Detlef Schulze, Erwin Beck, Klaus Müller\-Hohenstein Examples in [Central Europe](/wiki/Central_Europe "Central Europe") are [waterweed](/wiki/Waterweed "Waterweed"), [Douglas fir](/wiki/Douglas_fir "Douglas fir") and [Japanese knotweed](/wiki/Japanese_knotweed "Japanese knotweed")
* **Alien**: A non native species introduced by man.
* **Archaeophyte**: An alien species introduced by human activity long ago, such as the [sweet chestnuts](/wiki/Sweet_chestnut "Sweet chestnut") introduced by the Romans in Germany and now part of natural vegetation,Wilhelm Lohmeyer, Herbert Sukopp: Agriophytes in the vegetation of Central Europe. Landwirtschaftsverlag, Münster\-Hiltrup 1992, ISBN 3\-7843\-2073\-2 and the opium and field poppies.
* **Epecophyte**: Species of recent appearance, usually numerous and constant in the country, but confined to artificial habitats, such as [meadows](/wiki/Meadows "Meadows") and [ruderal](/wiki/Ruderal "Ruderal") vegetation. They are dependent on humans for existence that their habitats require constant renewal.[Potentials and Limitations of Ecosystem Analysis, Extinction and Naturalization of Plant Species](https://books.google.com/books?id=cqXrCAAAQBAJ&q=epecop&pg=PA261) p.261, edited by Ernst\-Detlef Schulze, Helmut Zwölfer
* **[Ephemerophyte](/wiki/Ephemerophyte "Ephemerophyte")**: Species that are only introduced inconsistently, that die briefly from culture or that would disappear again without constant replenishment of seeds. In other words, they can establish themselves temporarily, but they are not in a position to meet all the conditions relating to the territory. A cold winter, or an unusual [drought](/wiki/Drought "Drought"), can lead to the death of these plants; most of the time, they are not able to fight against the local flora in extreme conditions.Ingolf Kühn, Stefan Klotz: Floristic status and alien species. In: Series of publications for vegetation science. 38 (2002\), pp. 47–56\.
* **[Hemerochory](/wiki/Hemerochory "Hemerochory")**: Plants or their seeds may have been transported voluntarily (introduction) or involuntarily by humans in a territory which they could not have [colonized](/wiki/Colonisation_%28biology%29 "Colonisation (biology)") by their own natural mechanisms of dissemination, or at least much more slowly. They are able to maintain themselves in this new vital space without voluntary help from man. Many [Central European](/wiki/Central_Europe "Central Europe") cultivated and ornamental plants are hemorochoric – insofar as they have escaped and subsist independently of cultivation.Harshberger, John William: The vegetation of the New Jersey pine\-barrens, an ecologic investigation, Philadelphia: Christopher Sower Company, 1869–1929 These are the forms of hemerochory:
	+ **Agochoric**: Plants that are spread through accidental transport with, among other things, ships, trains, and cars. On land, agochoric plants used to be common in harbors, at train stations, or along railway lines. Australia, like New Zealand, has taken stringent measures to prevent the spread by seed or human [transport](/wiki/Transport "Transport"). Agricultural implements imported into Australia must be thoroughly cleaned. Air travelers from other continents are forced to thoroughly clean the soles of their shoes.Tim Low: Feral Future. The Untold Story of Australia's Exotic Invaders, p. 73
	+ **Ethelochoric**: Deliberate introduction by seedlings, seeds, or plants in a new habitat by humans. Many cultivated plants which currently play an important role in [human nutrition](/wiki/Human_nutrition "Human nutrition") have been deliberately disseminated by humans. [Wheat](/wiki/Wheat "Wheat"), [barley](/wiki/Barley "Barley"), [lentil](/wiki/Lentil "Lentil"), [broad bean](/wiki/Broad_bean "Broad bean") and [flax](/wiki/Flax "Flax"), for example.
	+ **Speirochoric**: Unintentional introduction by seeds. As all seed samples also contain the seeds of the grasses of the field from which they were obtained, the trade\-in seeds of useful plants has also allowed the spread of other species. Speirochoric plants are therefore sown on soil prepared by man and compete with useful plants. [Wild chamomile](/wiki/Wild_chamomile "Wild chamomile"), [poppy](/wiki/Poppy "Poppy"), [cornflower](/wiki/Cornflower "Cornflower"), [corn buttercup](/wiki/Corn_buttercup "Corn buttercup") are example of plants that were unintentionally scattered.
* **Neophyte**: An alien species introduced by man after 1500 AD. 


What is a Neophyte?