Genioglossus advancement
Introduction


**Genioglossus advancement** (**GA**) is a [surgical procedure](/wiki/Surgical_procedure "Surgical procedure") or [sleep surgery](/wiki/Sleep_surgery "Sleep surgery") in which the base of the [tongue](/wiki/Tongue "Tongue") is pulled forward. It is usually to increase airway size due to deformity or a [sleep breathing disorder](/wiki/Sleep_apnea "Sleep apnea"). This procedure is frequently performed with either [uvulopalatopharyngoplasty](/wiki/Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty "Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty") or [maxillomandibular advancement](/wiki/Maxillomandibular_advancement "Maxillomandibular advancement") surgeries.

Tongue muscles (genioglossus, geniohyoid and others) are attached to the lower jaw below the teeth. During a genioglossus advancement procedure, a small window or bone cut is made in the front part of the lower jaw (mandible) at the level of the geniotubercle which is where the genioglossus muscle is attached. This piece of bone along with the attachment for the tongue (genial tubercle) is pulled forward and is subsequently secured to the lower jaw, usually with a single screw or with a plate(s) and screws.

This procedure is often combined with other surgeries such as uvulopalatopharyngoplasties or maxillomandibular advancement surgeries. It is rare to have this procedure performed as the only surgical treatment for sleep apnea, as obstruction in sleep apnea is most often at multiple levels (nose, palate, tongue, etc.).


Where are tongue muscles attached in a genioglossus advancement procedure?