Organised crime in Australia
International and other jurisdictions
### International and other jurisdictions

**[Convention against Transnational Organized Crime](/wiki/Convention_against_Transnational_Organized_Crime "Convention against Transnational Organized Crime")** (the 'Palermo Convention') including the [Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children](/wiki/Protocol_to_Prevent%2C_Suppress_and_Punish_Trafficking_in_Persons%2C_especially_Women_and_Children "Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children") and [Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air](/wiki/Protocol_against_the_Smuggling_of_Migrants_by_Land%2C_Sea_and_Air "Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air") \- 2000 (UN)
* Article 5 – Criminalization of participation in an organized criminal group.
* 6 – Criminalization of the laundering of proceeds of crime;
* 8 – Criminalization of corruption;
* 23 – Criminalization of obstruction of justice;
* 3 and 5 of the Protocol on Trafficking in Persons; and,
* 3, 5 and 6 of the Protocol Against Smuggling of Migrants

[Organized Crime Control Act](/wiki/Organized_Crime_Control_Act "Organized Crime Control Act") \- 1970 (US)

[Title 21 of the United States Code](/wiki/Title_21_of_the_United_States_Code "Title 21 of the United States Code") \- 1970 (US) Ch. 12 Sub. [1](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/21/usc_sup_01_21_10_13_20_I.html) and [2](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/21/usc_sup_01_21_10_13_20_II.html), particularly [§ 848\. Continuing criminal enterprise](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/21/848-)
*See [Continuing Criminal Enterprise](/wiki/Continuing_Criminal_Enterprise "Continuing Criminal Enterprise")*

[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act](/wiki/Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act") (the 'RICO Act') \- 1970 (US)
* Offences: [§ 1962\. Prohibited activities](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1962-)
* Penalties: [§ 1963\. Criminal penalties](https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1963-)

[Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005](/wiki/Serious_Organised_Crime_and_Police_Act_2005 "Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005") \- (UK)

[Criminal Code (Canada)](/wiki/Criminal_Code_%28Canada%29 "Criminal Code (Canada)"), RSC 1985, c C\-46\.


How can law enforcement agencies better address the issue of money laundering in relation to organized crime?