Dogue de Bordeaux
Brachycephaly
### Brachycephaly

The shortened snout and pushed in face of the Dogue de Bordeaux is known as [brachycephaly](/wiki/Brachycephaly "Brachycephaly").Knecht, C. D. (1979\). Upper airway obstruction in brachycephalic dogs. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet, 1, 25\-31\. Brachycephaly results in deformation of the upper airway tract and leads to obstruction of breathing. Effects of brachycephaly are [stridor](/wiki/Stridor "Stridor"), stertorous breathing, [emesis](/wiki/Emesis "Emesis"), [skin fold dermatitis](/wiki/Skin_fold_dermatitis "Skin fold dermatitis"), [brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome](/wiki/Brachycephalic_airway_obstructive_syndrome "Brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome"), [exophthalmos](/wiki/Exophthalmos "Exophthalmos"), [pharyngeal gag reflex](/wiki/Pharyngeal_reflex "Pharyngeal reflex"), [cyanosis](/wiki/Cyanosis "Cyanosis"), and laryngeal collapse. Other issues arising from brachycephaly are risk of complications whilst under anaesthesia, and [hyperthermia](/wiki/Hyperthermia "Hyperthermia") — with the latter caused due to an inability to effectively reduce body temperature via panting.


What are the effects of brachycephaly on breathing?