Gruczno
History
History
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[thumb\|left\|Historic [timber framed](/wiki/Timber_framed "Timber framed") mill](/wiki/File:GRUCZNO%2C_AB-094.jpg "GRUCZNO, AB-094.jpg")
Gruczno was the site of a [medieval](/wiki/Middle_Ages "Middle Ages") Polish [stronghold](/wiki/Gord_%28archaeology%29 "Gord (archaeology)"). The name of the village comes from the Polish word *gród*, which means "stronghold". During the fragmentation period, it was located within the Duchy of Pomerania (eastern) within the fragmented Polish realm. The oldest known mention of a parish priest in Gruczno comes from 1238\. In 1290, Duke [Mestwin II](/wiki/Mestwin_II%2C_Duke_of_Pomerania "Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania") sold the village to the [Archbishop of Gniezno](/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Gniezno "Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno"). Gruczno was visited by several Archbishops of Gniezno, and it was administered by the Archdiocese until the late\-18th\-century [Partitions of Poland](/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland "Partitions of Poland"), when it was annexed by [Prussia](/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia "Kingdom of Prussia"). Following [World War I](/wiki/World_War_I "World War I"), Poland regained independence and control of the village.

During the [German occupation of Poland](/wiki/Occupation_of_Poland_%281939%E2%80%931945%29 "Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)") ([World War II](/wiki/World_War_II "World War II")), Gruczno was one of the sites of executions of [Poles](/wiki/Polish_people "Polish people"), carried out by the Germans in 1939 as part of the *[Intelligenzaktion](/wiki/Intelligenzaktion "Intelligenzaktion")*. In 1940–1941, the occupiers also carried out [expulsions of Poles](/wiki/Expulsion_of_Poles_by_Nazi_Germany "Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany"), whose houses and farms were then handed over to [German](/wiki/Germans "Germans") colonists as part of the *[Lebensraum](/wiki/Lebensraum "Lebensraum")* policy.


What policy led to expulsions of Poles from Gruczno?