there are two parts to the fourth amendment the reasonableness clause and the
Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution In New Jersey v. T. L. O. (1985), the Supreme Court ruled that searches in public schools do not require warrants, as long as the searching officers have reasonable grounds for believing that the search will result in the finding of evidence of illegal activity.[79] However, in Safford Unified School District v. Redding (2009),[141] the Court ruled that school officials violated the Fourth Amendment when they strip searched a 13-year-old girl based only on a student claiming to have received drugs from that student.[142] Similarly, in Samson v. California (2006), the Court ruled that government offices may be searched for evidence of work-related misconduct by government employees on similar grounds.[143] Searches of prison cells are subject to no restraints relating to reasonableness or probable cause.[144]
Article Three of the United States Constitution Section 2 delineates federal judicial power, and brings that power into execution by conferring original jurisdiction and also appellate jurisdiction upon the Supreme Court. Additionally, this section requires trial by jury in all criminal cases, except impeachment cases.