what was the main weakness of the enigma machine
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma A major weakness of the system, however, was that no letter could be enciphered to itself. This meant that some possible solutions could quickly be eliminated because of the same letter appearing in the same place in both the ciphertext and the putative piece of plaintext. Comparing the possible plaintext Keine besonderen Ereignisse (literally, "no special occurrences"â€”perhaps better translated as "nothing to report"), with a section of ciphertext, might produce the following:
Home computer The invention of the Intel 8080 microprocessor chip in April 1974 made practical the development of the (relatively) affordable mass-market microcomputer. In the USA this first appeared in early 1975 in the form of an unassembled kit, the Altair 8800; shortly afterward pre-assembled Altairs were offered. The sudden popularity of desktop computers happened because the 8080 CPU could represent and manipulate 256 discrete values in its 8-bit registers. Thus the 7-bit ASCII standard for the representation of alphanumeric data became feasible for the first time in a machine much smaller and less expensive than the furniture-size minicomputers, with their processors that occupied entire circuit boards. This new class of computer was practical for serious work because it could input, process, and output alphanumeric information. It also enabled sophisticated programs such as database managers and BASIC interpreters to become available to a larger market consisting of people possessing lesser technical skills.