the interaction between teacher and students creates a zone of proximal
Zone of proximal development Since Vygotsky's original conception, the definition for the zone of proximal development has been expanded and modified. The zone of proximal development is an area of learning that occurs when a person is assisted by a teacher or peer with a skill set higher than that of the subject.[1] The person learning the skill set cannot complete it without the assistance of the teacher or peer. The teacher then helps the student attain the skill the student is trying to master, in hopes that the teacher will no longer be needed for that task.[10]
Educational psychology Johann Herbart (1776–1841) is considered the father of educational psychology.[13] He believed that learning was influenced by interest in the subject and the teacher.[13] He thought that teachers should consider the students' existing mental sets—what they already know—when presenting new information or material.[13] Herbart came up with what are now known as the formal steps. The 5 steps that teachers should use are: