who is credited with the introduction of permanent settlement in bengal and bihar
Permanent Settlement The Permanent Settlement, also known as the Permanent Settlement of Bengal which was an agreement between the East India Company and Bengali landlords to fix revenues to be raised from land, with far-reaching consequences for both agricultural methods and productivity in the entire British Empire and the political realities of the Indian countryside. It was concluded in 1793 by the Company administration headed by Charles, Earl Cornwallis, also known as Lord Cornwallis.[1] It formed one part of a larger body of legislation enacted, known as the Cornwallis Code. The Cornwallis Code of 1793 divided the East India Company's service personnel into three branches: revenue, judicial, and commercial. Revenues were collected by Zamindars, native Indians who were treated as the landowners. This division created an Indian landed class that supported British authority.[1] Permanent Settlement introduced first in Bengal and Bihar; and then to South district of Madras and district of Varanasi. The system eventually spread all over Northern India by a series of regulations dated 1 May 1793. These regulations remained in place until the Charter Act of 1833.[1]
History of Kolkata The three villages, in particular Kalikata, where Calcutta is located, came into the possession of the British East India Company in 1690 and some scholars like to date its beginnings as a major city from the construction of Fort William by the British in 1698, though this is debated (see the court ruling in "Name and origins" above). From 1772 to 1911, Calcutta was the capital of British India. From 1912 to India's Independence in 1947, it was the capital of all of Bengal. After Independence, Calcutta remained the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.