why didn't latin american nations develop an industrial base during the 19th century
Latin America This newly gained British dominance hindered the development of Latin American industries and strengthened the dependence on the world trade network.[53] Britain now replaced Spain as the region's largest trading partner.[54] Great Britain invested significant capital in Latin America in order to develop the area as a market for processed goods.[55] From the early 1820s to 1850, the post-independence economies of Latin American countries were lagging and stagnant.[50] Eventually, enhanced trade among Britain and Latin America led to state development such as infrastructure improvements. These improvements included roads and railroads which grew the trades between countries and outside nations such as Great Britain.[56] By 1870, exports dramatically increased, attracting capital from abroad (including Europe and USA).[57]
Colonial Brazil In contrast to the neighboring Spanish possessions, which had several viceroyalties with jurisdiction initially over New Spain (Mexico) and Peru, and in the eighteenth century expanded to viceroyalties of Rio de la Plata and New Granada, the Portuguese colony of Brazil was settled mainly in the coastal area by the Portuguese and a large black slave population working sugar plantations and mines. The boom and bust economic cycles were linked to export products. Brazil's sugar age, with the development of plantation slavery, merchants serving as middle men between production sites, Brazilian ports, and Europe was undermined by the growth of the sugar industry in the Caribbean on islands that European powers seized from Spain. Gold and diamonds were discovered and mined in southern Brazil through the end of the colonial era. Brazilian cities were largely port cities and the colonial administrative capital was moved several times in response to the rise and fall of export products' importance. Unlike Spanish America that fragmented in many republics, Brazil remained as a single administrative unit with a monarch, giving rise to the largest country in Latin America. Like Spanish America with European Spanish, Brazil had linguistic integrity of Portuguese. Both Spanish America and Brazil were Roman Catholic.