what does pax romana mean and why is it important
Pax Romana The Pax Romana (Latin for "Roman Peace") was a long period of relative peace and minimal expansion experienced by the Roman Empire between the end of the Final War of the Roman Republic and the beginning of the Crisis of the Third Century, a span of roughly two hundred years. During this period, the Roman empire achieved its greatest territorial extent, and its population reached a maximum of up to 70 million people.[1] Since it was inaugurated by Augustus, it is sometimes called the Pax Augusta. Its span was approximately 206 years (27 BC to AD 180), from the accession of Augustus to the death of Marcus Aurelius.[2]
Roman Republic Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. As Roman society was very hierarchical by modern standards, the evolution of the Roman government was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding aristocracy, who traced their ancestry to the founding of Rome, and the plebeians, the far more numerous citizen-commoners. Over time, the laws that gave patricians exclusive rights to Rome's highest offices were repealed or weakened, and leading plebeian families became full members of the aristocracy. The leaders of the Republic developed a strong tradition and morality requiring public service and patronage in peace and war, making military and political success inextricably linked. Many of Rome's legal and legislative structures (later codified into the Justinian Code, and again into the Napoleonic Code) can still be observed throughout Europe and much of the world in modern nation states and international organizations.