describe the working principle of synchroscope and phase sequence indicator
Synchroscope A polarized-vane synchroscope has a field winding with a phase-shifting network arranged to produce a rotating magnetic field. The field windings are connected to the "incoming" machine. A single-phase polarizing winding is connected to the "running" system. It is mounted perpendicular to the field winding and produces a magnetic flux that passes through the moving vanes. The moving vanes turn a shaft that carries a pointer moving over a scale. If the frequency of the source connected to the polarizing winding is different from the source connected to the field winding, the pointer rotates continually at a speed proportional to the difference in system frequencies (the beat frequency). The scale is marked to show the direction of rotation corresponding to the "incoming" machine running faster than the "running" system. When the frequencies match, the moving vanes will rotate to a position corresponding to the phase difference between the two sources. The incoming machine can then be adjusted in speed so that the two systems are in phase agreement.
Second Though the historical definition of the unit was based upon this division of the Earth's rotation cycle, the formal definition in the International System of Units SI is a much steadier timekeeper: 1 second is defined to be exactly 9 192 631 770 cycles of a Caesium atomic clock.[1][2][3] Because the Earth's rotation varies and is also slowing ever so slightly, a leap second is added to clock time[nb 2] to keep clocks in sync with Earth's rotation.