when the testis does not produce anti-müllerian hormone the müllerian ducts develop into
Anti-Müllerian hormone AMH is activated by SOX9 in the Sertoli cells of the male fetus.[4] Its expression inhibits the development of the female reproductive tract, or Müllerian ducts (paramesonephric ducts), in the male embryo, thereby arresting the development of fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper vagina.[5][6][7][8] AMH expression is critical to sex differentiation at a specific time during fetal development, and appears to be tightly regulated by nuclear receptor SF-1, transcription GATA factors, sex-reversal gene DAX1, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).[9][10][11] Mutations in both the AMH gene and the type II AMH receptor have been shown to cause the persistence of Müllerian derivatives in males that are otherwise normally masculinized.[12]
Ejaculatory duct Sperm is produced in the testes and enters the ejaculatory ducts via the vas deferens. As it passes by the seminal vesicles, a fluid rich in fructose combines with sperm. This addition nourishes the sperm in order to keep it active and motile.[6] Seminal fluid continues down the ejaculatory duct into the prostate gland, where an alkaline prostatic fluid is added.[4] This addition provides the texture and odor associated with semen.[4] The alkalinity of the prostatic fluid serves to neutralize the acidity of the female vaginal tract in order to prolong the survival of sperm in this harsh environment.[6] Semen is now a fructose-rich, alkaline fluid containing sperm as it enters the bulbourethral glands below the prostate.[6] The bulbourethral glands secrete a small amount of clear fluid into the urethra before the ejaculate is expelled. The functions of this fluid are not entirely known but are suggested to aid in lubricating the male urethra in preparation for the semen during ejaculation.[4] The amount of semen produced and expelled during ejaculation corresponds to the length of time that the male is sexually aroused before ejaculation occurs.[4] Generally, the longer the period of arousal, the larger the amount of seminal fluid.[7]