when did the doctrine of precedent begin to emerge in english common law
Common law The doctrine of precedent developed during the 12th and 13th centuries,[73] as the collective judicial decisions that were based in tradition, custom and precedent.[74]
Law of the land This term was used in 1787 to write the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution, which states: "This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the land...."[18] The Supremacy Clause is the only place in the Constitution where this exact term was used.