who had coined the term hotspots in respect of biodiversity
Biodiversity hotspot Norman Myers wrote about the concept in two articles in “The Environmentalist” (1988),[1] & 1990[2] revised after thorough analysis by Myers and others in “Hotspots: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions”[3] and a paper published in the journal Nature.[4]
Environmental determinism Environmental determinism (also known as climatic determinism or geographical determinism) is the study of how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular development trajectories. Nineteenth century approaches held that climate and terrain largely determined human activity and psychology, and it was associated with institutionalized racism and eugenics.[1] Many scholars underscore that this approach supported colonialism and eurocentrism, and devalued human agency in non-Western societies.[2][3] Jared Diamond, Jeffrey Herbst, and other social scientists sparked a revival of the theory during the late twentieth century. This "neo-environmental determinism" school of thought examines how geographic and ecological forces influence state-building, economic development, and institutions.