what effect did geographic factors have on the economy of new england
The impact of geography on colonial America The geology of New England includes many mountains, and it is thick with trees and rivers. The forest provided, large amount of lumber for New England and led them to specialize in the shipbuilding industry. However,the landscape was unsuitable for cereal crops, so they were imported from the other colonies.[1] Originally this region had fertile soil, but during the last glacial period, large glaciers scraped away the fertile soil and moved it south, leaving a rocky landscape that was not suitable for farming.[2]
England in the Middle Ages The Norman invasion of England in 1066 led to the defeat and replacement of the Anglo-Saxon elite with Norman and French nobles and their supporters. William the Conqueror and his successors took over the existing state system, repressing local revolts and controlling the population through a network of castles. The new rulers introduced a feudal approach to governing England, eradicating the practice of slavery but creating a much wider body of unfree labourers called serfs. The position of women in society changed as laws regarding land and lordship shifted. England's population more than doubled during the 12th and 13th centuries, fuelling an expansion of the towns, cities and trade, helped by warmer temperatures across Northern Europe. A new wave of monasteries and friaries were established, while ecclesiastical reforms led to tensions between successive kings and archbishops. Despite developments in England's governance and legal system, infighting between the Anglo-Norman elite resulted in multiple civil wars and the loss of Normandy.