propranolol is used in the treatment of which disorders
Propranolol Propranolol is a medication of the beta blocker type.[1] It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors.[1][2][3] It is used to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks.[1] It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein.[1] The formulation that is taken by mouth comes in short acting and long acting versions.[1] Propranolol appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minutes when taken by mouth.[1][4]
Topiramate Topiramate is used to treat epilepsy in children and adults, and it was originally used as an anticonvulsant.[7] In children, it is indicated for the treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, a disorder that causes seizures and developmental delay. It is also Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for, and most frequently prescribed for, the prevention of migraines.[7] The drug is also used to treat migraines due to the effect it has on the blood vessels in the brain. It has been found to be increasingly effective for migraine sufferers with limited side effects.[8][9]