how did the fall of communism in hungary contribute to turmoil in east germany
End of communism in Hungary (1989) In 1988, Communist Hungary also started making it easier for its own citizens to travel to the west, which led to May 1989’s removal of Hungary’s barbed wire fence with Austria. This caused East Germans, who were allowed only to travel to Communist countries, to go to Hungary and escape to West Germany through Austria, never to again return to communist East Germany. Putting foreign and communist relations at risk, Hungary’s Foreign Minister declared in September that it would not stop the thousands of East Germans fleeing to Austria.[5] This reflected Hungary’s general attitude towards the communist satellite setup: popular opinion was against communism, and Hungarians wanted independence. With Gorbachev’s new policy towards the satellites of not using military action in the satellite states, and general sovereignty within the confines of each individual country, popular public opinion was necessary.[6] And the possibility of a military regime was also out of the question. Imre Pozsgay told the Communist Party’s general secretary that “a Hungarian soldier ordered to shoot on his own people would either shoot his commander or go home to his mother.”[7]
Budapest The Magyar tribes led by Árpád, forced out of their original homeland north of Bulgaria by Tsar Simeon after the Battle of Southern Buh, settled in the territory at the end of the 9th century displacing the founding Bulgarian settlers of the towns of Buda and Pest,[44][74] and a century later officially founded the Kingdom of Hungary.[44] Research places the probable residence of the Árpáds as an early place of central power near what became Budapest.[75] The Tatar invasion in the 13th century quickly proved that it is difficult to mount a defence on a plain.[15][44] King Béla IV of Hungary therefore ordered the construction of reinforced stone walls around the towns[44] and set his own royal palace[45] on the top of the protecting hills of Buda. In 1361[45] it became the capital of Hungary.[15]