where does caffeine come from in energy drinks
Caffeine Caffeine is also a common ingredient of soft drinks, such as cola, originally prepared from kola nuts. Soft drinks typically contain 0 to 55 milligrams of caffeine per 12 ounce serving.[181] By contrast, energy drinks, such as Red Bull, can start at 80 milligrams of caffeine per serving. The caffeine in these drinks either originates from the ingredients used or is an additive derived from the product of decaffeination or from chemical synthesis. Guarana, a prime ingredient of energy drinks, contains large amounts of caffeine with small amounts of theobromine and theophylline in a naturally occurring slow-release excipient.[182]
Carbonated water Carbonated water (bubbly water, fizzy water, or soda water) is water into which carbon dioxide gas under pressure has been dissolved, either by technology or by a natural geologic source. Many kinds of water are carbonated, including sparkling mineral water, club soda, sparkling water or 'seltzer water' (US), tonic water, and soda water. Mineral water, club soda and soda water typically contain dissolved minerals such as potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or potassium sulfate which are meant to enhance its flavor, though sparkling water is water combined only with carbon dioxide with no other additives. Tonic water includes quinine. Carbonation is the process that causes the water to become effervescent. All forms of carbonated water are available in ready-to-drink bottles and cans but some can also be prepared at home with a soda maker.