引起血尿的原因按年龄来分：①新生儿期：可见于新生儿出血、严重缺氧、窒息、肾静脉血栓及急性肾乳头坏死等；②婴幼儿期最常见泌尿系感染及先天性尿路畸形，其次为肾胚胎瘤、肾母细胞瘤、HUS及重症遗传性肾炎，部分良性家族性血尿也在3岁前起病；③儿童期最常见为急性肾炎综合征及各类原发及继发性肾小球肾炎，其次为泌尿系感染、家族性良性血尿、遗传性进行性肾炎、高钙尿症及左肾静脉扩张等。
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