近年来，脏器移植手术后抗排斥药物和肿瘤化疗导致免疫功能低下并发肺部感染，主要为真菌、卡氏肺囊虫、条件性致病菌和病毒感染发展为ARDS，其预后差，此类免疫剥夺、免疫低下患儿的急性感染性肺损伤和ARDS，成为制约相关学科发展的重要疾病。
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