原发性为常染色体显性或隐性遗传，继发性者常是由于其他疾病影响到肾小管功能所致，可见于高丙种球蛋白血症、原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进、维生素D中毒、移植肾排斥反应、髓质海绵肾、梗阻性肾病、特发性高钙尿症肾钙化、Wilson病、失盐性先天性肾上腺皮质增生症、药物及毒素导致肾损害（如锂、两性霉素B、甲苯及地高辛等）。
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