【病因】（一）心脏的原发病变92%的感染性心内膜炎患者均有原发心脏病变，其中以先天性心脏病最为多见，约占78%，室间隔缺损最易合并感染性心内膜炎，其他依次为法洛四联症、动脉导管未闭、肺动脉瓣狭窄、主动脉瓣狭窄、主动脉瓣二叶畸形、房间隔缺损等；后天性心脏病如风湿性瓣膜病、二尖瓣脱垂综合征等也可并发感染性心内膜炎，随着小儿心脏外科技术的发展，越来越多的小儿心脏病得以纠正、根治，但因此而留置在心腔内的装置或材料（如心内补片、人造心脏瓣等）是近年来感染性心内膜炎常见的易患因素。
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