【病理】尽管有些肾间质小管疾病累及肾小球后可出现大量蛋白并达到肾病综合征标准，但绝大多数原发或继发肾病综合征都是以肾小球病变为主，并可分别根据光镜下的肾小球病变而作病理分型，主要有5种病理类型：微小病变肾病（minimalchangenephropathy，MCN）、系膜增生性肾炎（mesangialproliferativeglomerulonephritis，MsPGN）、局灶节段性肾小球硬化（focalsegmentalglomerulosclerosis，FSGS）、膜性肾病（membraneousnephropathy，MN）和膜增生性肾炎（membranoproliferativeglomerulonephritis，MPGN）。
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