近年资料发现人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染者可发生SLE；感染单纯性疱疹病毒可引起患者血清Sm抗原浓度升高；SLE患者血清中常见多种病毒抗体滴度增加（如风疹、EB病毒、流感及麻疹等），尤其是C型RNA病毒。
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