常见的病原菌为大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、副大肠杆菌等革兰阴性杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌等革兰阳性球菌，其他还有粪链球菌、克雷白菌、阴沟杆菌、硝酸盐阴性杆菌、黏质沙雷菌、弗氏枸橼酸杆菌等条件致病菌和厌氧菌。
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