通常分为两大类：①原发性者：包括芬兰型先天性肾病综合征、弥漫性系膜硬化、微小病变及局灶节段性硬化；②继发性者：可继发于感染（先天梅毒、先天性毒浆原虫病、先天性巨细胞包涵体病、风疹、肝炎、疟疾及艾滋病等）、汞中毒、婴儿系统性红斑狼疮、溶血尿毒综合征、甲髌综合征、Drash综合征及肾静脉血栓形成等。
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