小儿症状性癫痫常见病因有脑发育异常如脑回畸形及灰质异位；各种原因导致的脑损伤如围生期损伤、中枢神经系统感染或后遗症、头部外伤、中毒、水电解质紊乱、内分泌功能紊乱、低血糖以及维生素缺乏等；脑血管病变如颅内出血、血管内膜炎、血栓、梗死和血管畸形等；以及其他代谢性、脑变性和全身性疾病；另外一些与遗传有关的代谢性疾病及综合征常合并癫痫如神经皮肤综合征（常见结节性硬化、多发性神经纤维瘤病和脑三叉神经血管瘤病）、Rett综合征、Angelman综合征、线粒体脑病以及假性甲状旁腺功能低下等均可有癫痫发作。
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