（一）小细胞低色素性贫血（MCV、MCH、MCHC均＜正常低限）1.缺铁性贫血2.珠蛋白合成障碍性贫血3.铁粒幼细胞性贫血4.慢性感染5.铅中毒6.慢性失血7.缺铜性贫血8.严重营养不良（二）巨幼红细胞性贫血（MCV、MCH＞正常低限，MCHC正常）1.正常新生儿2.巨幼红细胞贫血（维生素B12</sub>或叶酸缺乏）3.再生障碍性贫血4.肝病5.切脾后6.多种原因所致红系造血代偿性增加7.阻塞性黄疸8.甲状腺功能减退（三）正细胞性贫血（MCV、MCH、MCHC均正常）1.急性失血2.急性再生障碍性贫血3.急性感染4.慢性肾炎、肾衰竭5.缺铁早期6.结缔组织病7.骨髓肿瘤细胞浸润8.恶性肿瘤全身播散9.肝脏病10.其他红系造血障碍（四）特殊形态红细胞1.球形红细胞（1）先天性球形红细胞增多症（2）自身免疫性溶血（3）不稳定性血红蛋白病2.遗传性椭圆形红细胞增多症3.遗传性口形红细胞增多症4.靶形红细胞、珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血、血红蛋白病5.镰状红细胞性贫血6.盔形、三角形红细胞（1）DIC（2）微血管内溶血（3）溶血尿毒综合征（4）人工瓣膜、体外循环等7.棘形红细胞（1）遗传性棘形红细胞增多症（2）遗传性无β球蛋白血症（3）严重肝病（4）烧伤
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