饮食习惯不当、心理障碍、药物性肠蠕动不良、代谢或内分泌疾病（如尿毒症或甲状腺功能减低）等均可能引起慢性便秘与肠梗阻；其他可致便秘的因素包括内源性肠神经功能疾病（糖尿病或家族性自主神经功能异常）、中枢神经系统病变和平滑肌功能失调等；收缩蛋白异常和结缔组织病（如硬皮病或皮肌炎）同样可致持久性便秘。
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