key
stringlengths 9
9
| caption
stringlengths 0
1.35k
| description
stringlengths 0
12.2k
| article_url
stringlengths 31
111
| image_url
stringlengths 55
977
| image_hash
stringlengths 10
10
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
000000900 | ã³ãã³ãã¹ã®èªè·¯ | ãããŠ10æ11æ¥ã®æ¥ä»ãå€ããããšãããšãããã³ã¿å·ã®æ°Žå€«ãéžå°ãçºèŠãããç¿æãã³ãã³ãã¹ã¯ãã®å³¶ã«äžéžãããããå é ããŠãµã³ã»ãµã«ããã«å³¶ãšåã¥ããã æåã«äžéžãã島ã§ã³ãã³ãã¹äžè¡ã¯ãã¢ã©ã¯ã¯æã€ã³ãã£ã¢ã³ãã¡ããæåŸ
ãåãããã¢ã©ã¯ã¯æã¯è¹ããäžãã£ãã³ãã³ãã¹ãã¡ã«æ°Žãé£æãèŽãããªãŠã ã綿ã®çãæ§ããã®ä»èŠãããšã®ãªãããããã®ãã®ãæã£ãŠãããã³ãã³ãã¹äžè¡ã¯ãããã¬ã©ã¹ã®ããŒãºãé·¹ã®éŽãšäº€æããããããã³ãã³ãã¹ã®èå³ã¯ããã é»éã«ãããªãã£ãã圌ã¯ããæžãæ®ããŠããã ã³ãã³ãã¹ã¯ãã®å³¶ã§ç¥å¥ªãåãã次ã«çŸåšã®ãã¥ãŒã島ãçºèŠããããããããã¢ã島ããšåã¥ããããšããã³ã¿å·è¹é·ã§ãããã«ãã£ã³ã»ã¢ãã³ãœã»ãã³ãœã³ã®ç¬æã«ãããã³ã¿å·ãäžæé¢è±ããŠããŸããã12æ6æ¥ã«ã¯ã€ã¹ããã§ãŒã©å³¶ãšåã¥ãã島ã«å°éã24æ¥ã«ãµã³ã¿ã»ããªã¢å·ã座ç€ããŠããŸãããããããã®æ®éªžãå©çšããŠèŠå¡ãäœããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãããã¹ãã€ã³åã®å
¥æ€å°ãäœã£ãããã®å
¥æ€å°ã«ã¯39åã®ç·æ§ãæ®ã£ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¯ãªã¹ããã¡ãŒã»ã³ãã³ãã¹ | 4f1766b534 |
|
000000901 | ãŽã¯ãã£ã¹ã¯ã3äžïŒã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ãã«ã»ã¬ãã»ã«ç»ïŒ | ã¢ã¡ãªã«ãããŒã¹ã«ãã©ã€ãå·ã«ãããã¥ãŒã¯å€§åŠã§ITã¢ããªã¹ããšããŠåãã¢ããã¥ã¢æŽå²å®¶ã®ãããšã«ã»ããµã¯ã2010幎10æã«ã¹ãã€ã³ã§åºçãããã³ãã³ãã¹ïŒèªãããªãã£ãã¹ããŒãªãŒãã®äžã§ãã³ãã³ãã¹ãããŒã©ã³ãçãŽã¯ãã£ã¹ã¯ã3äžïŒæ©å¹Žã«ãããŠã¯ãŠã©ãŒã¹ããŒ1äžãšããŠãã³ã¬ãªãŒçãå
ŒäœïŒã®å®ã®æ¯åã§ãããšã®èª¬ã䞻匵ããŠããã æ°å€§éžçºèŠãç¥ãå±æåŒå
žã§ã誰ã§ã西ãžè¡ãã°éžå°ã«ã¶ã€ãããé äœããªãããšã ããªã©ãšã³ãã³ãã¹ã®æåã劬ã人ã
ã«å¯Ÿããã³ãã³ãã¹ã¯ã誰ããã®åµãæºã«ç«ãŠãŠã¿ãŠäžããããšèšãã誰ãã§ããªãã£ãããšã§ã³ãã³ãã¹ã¯è»œãåµã®å
ãå²ã£ãŠããæºã«ç«ãŠããããããªæ¹æ³ãªã誰ã§ãã§ããããšèšã人ã
ã«å¯Ÿããã³ãã³ãã¹ã¯ã人ã®ããåŸã§ã¯é äœããªãããšã§ãããšè¿ãããããããã³ãã³ãã¹ã®åµïŒEgg of ColumbusïŒãã®éžè©±ã§ãããã誰ã§ãã§ããããšã§ããæåã«å®è¡ããã®ã¯è³é£ã§ãããæè»ãªçºæ³åãå¿
èŠããé転ã®çºæ³ããšããæã®æ
äºæèªãšããŠä»æ¥äœ¿ãããŠããã ãããããŽã©ã«ããŒã«ã¯ãç¿ä¿è«ãïŒç¬¬145ç« ïŒã«ãŠãããã¯å»ºç¯å®¶ãã£ãªããã»ãã«ãã¬ã¹ãã®éžè©±ãå
ã«ãªã£ãåµäœã ããšææããäŒè©±ã®å
容ãªã©ããã®ãŸãŸæµçšãããŠãããšèª¬æãããéžè©±ã®å
容ã¯1410幎代ãããã£ã¬ã³ãã§ã®ãµã³ã¿ã»ããªã¢ã»ãã«ã»ãã£ãªãŒã¬å€§èå ã®ã¯ãŒãã©ïŒããŒã éšåïŒã®èšèšã«ã¿ãªé£åããŠããéããã«ãã¬ã¹ãã¯èšèšå³é¢ãå®ææš¡åãèŠããªããŸãŸãç§ã«å»ºç¯ãããŠäžããããšç«åè£ãããã»ãã®å»ºç¯å®¶ãã¡ã倧å察ãããšããããã«ãã¬ã¹ãã¯ã倧çç³ã®äžã«åµãç«ãŠããã人ã«å»ºç¯ãä»»ããŠã¿ãŠã¯ã©ããããšææ¡ã誰ãã§ããªãã£ãäžã§ããã«ãã¬ã¹ãã¯åµã®åºã朰ããŠç«ãŠããåœç¶ã®ããšãåšå²ããæ¹å€ããããããã«ãã¬ã¹ãã¯ãæåã«ããã®ããã£ãšãé£ãããããå
ã«å³é¢ãèŠããããããªããã¡ã¯ç䌌ãããã§ãããïŒããšåãè¿ããããšãããã®ã§ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¯ãªã¹ããã¡ãŒã»ã³ãã³ãã¹ | df8d532b12 |
|
000000902 | æ§5000ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã»ãªã¬çŽå¹£ïŒ1971幎ã«ãã¶ã€ã³ãå€æŽããåŸæããŒãžã§ã³ïŒ | æ¬è泚ã¯ãåºå
žã»è泚å
ã§æ瀺ãããŠãããåºå
žãã瀺ããŠããŸãã ã»åšç° æãã³ãã³ãã¹ãšé£äººäŒèª¬ã«ãããªãºã ãISSN04391713 | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¯ãªã¹ããã¡ãŒã»ã³ãã³ãã¹ | 5142df9f8c |
|
000000903 | ã¯ãªã¹ããã¡ãŒã»ã³ãã³ãã¹ | 倧æŽã®æç£ ã€ã³ãã£ã¢ã¹ã®ç·ç£ã»å¯ç ç¶Â : ãã¡ãã³ã»ã³ãã³ã ã¯ãªã¹ããã¡ãŒã»ã³ãã³ãã¹ïŒ1451幎 - 1506幎5æ20æ¥ïŒã¯ã倧èªæµ·æ代ã®æ¢æ€å®¶ã»èªæµ·è
ã»ã³ã³ãã¹ã¿ããŒã«ã奎é·å人ãå®èª¬ã§ã¯ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®ãžã§ããŽã¡åºèº«ãã©ã³ã¹ã»ãªã»ã¡ããŒãçºèŠããããŸã§ã¯ããªã¹ãæäžçã®çœäººãšããŠã¯æåã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«æµ·åãžå°éãããšãããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¯ãªã¹ããã¡ãŒã»ã³ãã³ãã¹ | a8d984d7f8 |
|
000000904 | ã¯ãªã¹ããã¡ãŒã»ã³ãã³ãã¹ | 倧æŽã®æç£ ã€ã³ãã£ã¢ã¹ã®ç·ç£ã»å¯ç ç¶Â : ãã¡ãã³ã»ã³ãã³ã ã¯ãªã¹ããã¡ãŒã»ã³ãã³ãã¹ïŒ1451幎 - 1506幎5æ20æ¥ïŒã¯ã倧èªæµ·æ代ã®æ¢æ€å®¶ã»èªæµ·è
ã»ã³ã³ãã¹ã¿ããŒã«ã奎é·å人ãå®èª¬ã§ã¯ã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®ãžã§ããŽã¡åºèº«ãã©ã³ã¹ã»ãªã»ã¡ããŒãçºèŠããããŸã§ã¯ããªã¹ãæäžçã®çœäººãšããŠã¯æåã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«æµ·åãžå°éãããšãããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¯ãªã¹ããã¡ãŒã»ã³ãã³ãã¹ | 6102072b5a |
|
000000905 | ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã®èäœã¯å
ã
550å·»ã»ã©ãã£ããšãããããããã®ãã¡çŸåããŠããã®ã¯çŽ3åã®1ã§ãããã»ãšãã©ãè¬çŸ©ã®ããã®ããŒãããããã¯èªåçšã«èªããç 究ããŒãã§ãããå
¬éãæ³å®ããŠããªãã£ãããç°¡æœãªæäœã§æžãããŠããããã®èäœã¯ãªã¥ã±ã€ãªã³ã«æ®ãããŠãããã®ã®ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããªã¢å³æžé€šã建èšããè³æãåéãã¯ããããšããã®è³æã¯å°ã¢ãžã¢ã«é ããããã®ãŸãŸå¿ãå»ãããããã®è³æã¯ããã2äžçŽåŸã®çŽå
å1äžçŽã«åçºèŠããããªã¥ã±ã€ãªã³ã«æ»ãããããã®è³æã¯ããªããã¹åŠæŽŸã®11代ç®åŠé ã§ããããã¹å³¶ã®ã¢ã³ãããã³ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠçŽå
å30幎é ã«æŽçã»ç·šéãããããããçŸåšããã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹å
šéããšåŒç§°ãããŠããæç®ã§ããããããã£ãŠãããããã«æ®ãããŠããèšè¿°ã¯ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ãæå³ãããã®ãšç°ãªã£ãŠããå¯èœæ§ãé«ãã ãã±ããã®èšŒèšã«ããã°ãåž«ãã©ãã³åæ§ãã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ãããã€ã察話ç¯ãæžããããã§ãããããŸãšãŸã£ã圢ã§äŒåããŠãããã®ã¯ãªãã ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã¯ããè«çåŠããããããåŠåææãæã«å
¥ããããã®ãéå
·ãïŒãªã«ã¬ãã³ïŒã§ããããšãåæãšããäžã§ãåŠåäœç³»ããçè«ãïŒããªãªã¢ïŒããå®è·µãïŒãã©ã¯ã·ã¹ïŒããå¶äœãïŒãã€ãšãŒã·ã¹ïŒã«äžåããçè«åŠããèªç¶åŠããã圢èäžåŠããå®è·µåŠããæ¿æ²»åŠãããå«çåŠããå¶äœåŠããè©©åŠãã«åé¡ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ | 5936865ff7 |
||
000000906 | ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ | ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ïŒã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ãŒã¹ãå€åž: áŒÏιÏÏοÏÎληÏãçŸ
: AristotelÄsãå384幎 - å322幎ïŒã¯ãå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®å²åŠè
ã§ããã ãã©ãã³ã®åŒåã§ããããœã¯ã©ãã¹ããã©ãã³ãšãšãã«ããã°ãã°è¥¿æŽæ倧ã®å²åŠè
ã®äžäººãšããããç¥çæ¢æ±ã€ãŸãç§åŠçãªæ¢æ±å
šè¬ãæããåœæã®å²åŠããå«çåŠãèªç¶ç§åŠãå§ããšããåŠåãšããŠåé¡ãããããã®äœç³»ãç¯ããæ¥çžŸãããäžåŠã®ç¥ããšãåŒã°ãããç¹ã«åç©ã«é¢ããäœç³»çãªç 究ã¯å€ä»£äžçã§ã¯æ±è¥¿ã«é¡ãèŠãªããæ§ã
ãªèæžãæ®ããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã å²åŠãäžäžã¹ã³ã©åŠãããã«ã¯è¿ä»£å²åŠã»è«çåŠã«å€å€§ãªåœ±é¿ãäžããããŸãããã±ããã¢çã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹3äžïŒé称ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹å€§çïŒã®å®¶åºæåž«ã§ãã£ãããšã§ãç¥ãããã ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã¯ã人éã®æ¬æ§ããç¥ãæãããããšã«ãããšèãããã®ãªã·ã£èªã§ã¯ããããã£ããœãã£ã¢ãšåŒã¶ããã£ãã¯ãæãããããœãã£ã¢ã¯ãç¥ããæå³ããããã®èšèããšãŒãããã®ååœã®èšèªã§ãå²åŠããæå³ããèšèã®èªæºãšãªã£ããèäœéã¯æ¥æ¬èªçã§17å·»ã«åã¶ããå
èš³ã¯åœ¢èäžåŠãå«çåŠãè«çåŠãšãã£ãå²åŠé¢ä¿ã®ã»ããæ¿æ²»åŠãå®å®è«ã倩äœåŠãèªç¶åŠïŒç©çåŠïŒãæ°è±¡åŠãåç©èªåŠçãªãã®ããåæçãªãã®ããã®ä»ãçç©åŠãè©©åŠãæŒååŠãããã³çŸåšã§ããå¿çåŠãªã©ãå«ãŸããŠããå€å²ã«ããããã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã¯ãããããã¹ãŠãã£ããœãã£ã¢ãšåŒãã§ãããã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã®ãããå²åŠããšã¯ç¥ç欲æ±ãæºããç¥çè¡çºãã®ãã®ãšããã®è¡çºã®çµæå
šäœã§ãããçŸåšã®åŠåã®ã»ãšãã©ã圌ã®ãå²åŠãã®ç¯çã«å«ãŸããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ | dda2ba230e |
|
000000907 | åªé§¿ç銬 | åªé§¿ç銬ïŒãããã
ãã²ãã°ïŒã¯ãæ¥æ¬äžå€®ç«¶éŠ¬äŒïŒJRAïŒãæ±äº¬ç«¶éŠ¬å Žã§æœè¡ããäžå€®ç«¶éŠ¬ã®éè³ç«¶èµ°ïŒGIïŒã§ããã1965幎ããïŒãªãŒã¯ã¹ïŒã®å¯ç§°ãä»ããããŠããã競銬çªçµè¡šã§ã®å称ã¯ãåªé§¿ç銬ïŒãªãŒã¯ã¹ïŒããå次ãå«ããè¡šèšã§ã¯ãåªé§¿ç銬ïŒç¬¬âåãªãŒã¯ã¹ïŒããšè¡šèšããŠããã ããªãŒã¯ïŒOakïŒãã¯ãæš«ãæå³ããè±èªããããŒããŒã¹ããŒã¯ã¹ãåµèšè
ã®ç¬¬12代ããŒããŒå¿ãšãã¯ãŒãã»ã¹ãã¹ã»ã¹ã¿ã³ã¬ãŒã¯æš«ã®æ£®ãèãããªãŒã¯ã¹ããšåŒã°ããåå°ãææããŠããã1779幎ã«ãšãªã¶ãã¹ã»ããã«ãã³ãšçµå©ããéãèšå¿µã«ç«¶éŠ¬ãéå¬ããããšãçºæ¡ããã®äžã«å€«äººã®åžæãå
¥ããŠ3æ³ç銬ã®ã¬ãŒã¹ãè¡ãããããããªãŒã¯ã¹ã¹ããŒã¯ã¹ããšåã¥ããããã®ãç±æ¥ãšãããŠãããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯æ¬ç«¶èµ°ã®åªå銬ããæš«ã®å¥³çããšããé称ã§åŒã¶ããšãããã æ£è³ã¯å
é£ç·ç倧è£è³ãæ¥æ¬éŠ¬äž»åäŒé£åäŒäŒé·è³ã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åªé§¿ç銬 | 4888b7e4f6 |
|
000000908 | åè§ã¯ãã®ããã«å Žæã幎代ã«ãã£ãŠè€éã«å€åããŠããã | ç£åïŒãã»ãïŒãšã¯ãéãªã©å€åã®åœ±é¿ãåããŠããªãç¶æ
ã«ãããŠæ¹äœç£ç³ãæããåãã®ããšã§ãããå°ç£æ°ã®æ°Žå¹³ååã®åããç£åïŒç£æ°ååç·ïŒãšçåïŒçã®ååç·ïŒã¯ã»ãšãã©ã®å Žæã§ãããŠããããã®äº€ããè§ãåå·®ãããã¯åè§ãšãããåå·®ã¯å°åã幎代ã«ããç°ãªããç£åãçåããå³ã«åŸããŠãããšãã¯åæ±ãå·Šã«åŸããŠãããšãã¯å西ãšåŒã°ãããæ¥æ¬åœå
ã§ã¯ãç£åã¯çåããçŽ5 - 10床西ãžåã£ãŠããã ããã«ãè¹è¶ãªã©ã§äœ¿çšãããçŸ
éåã¯çŸå®ã«ã¯è¹å
ã®éã®æ§é ç©ã«ããç£æ°äœçšãåããã®ãåžžãšãããç£æ°ååç·ãšçŸ
éã®æãç·ãšã®éã«ãå·®ïŒèªå·®ãšããïŒãçãããã®çµæãçã®ååç·ãšçŸ
éãšã®å·®è§ã¯åå·®ãšèªå·®ã®ä»£æ°ååã®å·®ãçããããšã«ãªãããã®å·®ãã³ã³ãã¹ç·¯å·®ãšåŒã¶ã ãŸããèªç©ºæ©ãªã©ã«ãããŠã¯ãç£åãïŒåºŠãšããŠæèšåãã«é¢šåãæ©äœãåããè§åºŠãæ»èµ°è·¯ã®åããªã©ã瀺ãã®ã«çšããããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/å | 6e6fc60341 |
|
000000909 | ã¯ãªã¹ãã£ãŒãïŒå·ŠïŒãšãã«ã«ãïŒå³ïŒ | 1649幎ã®åããã2æã«ãããŠãã¹ãŠã§ãŒãã³å¥³çã¯ãªã¹ãã£ãŒãããæãã®èŠªæžã3床åãåãããããŠã4æã«ã¯ã¹ãŠã§ãŒãã³ã®æµ·è»æç£ãè»èŠããã£ãŠè¿ãã«ããã女çãå¬ãé¿ããããã«äŒããã«ããããããããã«ã«ãã¯9æã«åºçºãã10æã«ã¯ã¹ããã¯ãã«ã ãžå°çããã 1650幎1æããã女çã®ããã«æ5æããã®è¬çŸ©ãè¡ããæå¯ã®ç¿æ
£ããããã«ã«ãã«ã¯èŸãæ¯æ¥ã ã£ãã2æã«ãã«ã«ãã¯é¢šéªããããããŠèºçã䜵çºããæ»å»ããããã«ã«ãã¯ãã¯ãªã¹ãã£ãŒã女çã®ã«ããªãã¯ã®åž°äŸã«è²¢ç®ããã ãã«ã«ãã®éºäœã¯ã¹ãŠã§ãŒãã³ã§åè¬ããããã1666幎ã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ããªåžå
ã®ãµã³ãïŒãžã¥ããŽã£ãšãŒãŽä¿®éé¢ã«ç§»ããããã®åŸããã©ã³ã¹é©åœã®åä¹±ãçµãŠã1792幎ã«ãµã³ïŒãžã§ã«ãã³ïŒãïŒãã¬æäŒã«ç§»ãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã»ãã«ã«ã | b5e855048a |
|
000000910 | ãçå¯ã(1641幎) | æ¹æ³çæçãçµãŠãèäœãå«ãå
šãŠã®å€çäºç©ãæçã«ãããããçŽåããã粟ç¥ã ããæ®ãããã«ã«ãã¯ããç§ããã®ããã«âå
šãŠã¯åœã§ããâãšèããŠããéããã®ç§èªèº«ã¯ãªã«ãã®ãã§ãªããã°ãªããªãããããã ãã¯çã§ãããšããã絶察確å®ãªããšãçºèŠãããããããç§ã¯èãããããã«ç§ã¯ãããJe pense, donc je suisïŒãã©ã³ã¹èªïŒã§ãããã¡ãªã¿ã«ãæåãªãææããããã«æãããã³ã®ãã»ãšã«ãŽã»ã¹ã cogito ergo sumïŒã©ãã³èªïŒãšã®ã©ãã³èªè¡šçŸã¯ãççã®æ¢ç©¶ãã§ãªãããŠããããããã¯ç¬¬äžè
ã«ããèš³ã§ããã«ã«ãèªèº«ããã®ãããªè¡šçŸãããã®ã¯ãåŸã«åœŒãã©ãã³èªã§å·çãããå²åŠåçãã«ãããŠã§ãããæ¹æ³åºèª¬ã¯ã©ãã³èªèš³ãåºçããããEgo cogito, ergo sum, sive existo ããšã®è¡šçŸããšãããŠããã詳现ã¯ååã®å
éšãªã³ã¯ãåç
§ã ã³ã®ãã»ãšã«ãŽã»ã¹ã ã¯ãæ¹æ³çæçãçµãŠãèããããã³ã«æç«ããããããŠããææããæ
ã«æããããšããåœé¡ãææ°ãã€å€æã«ç¥ããããã®ã§ããããšããããã®æ¡ä»¶ãççãå€å®ããäžè¬èŠåãšããŠç«ãŠãŠããèªå·±ã®ç²Ÿç¥ã«ææ°ãã€å€æã«èªç¥ããããšããã®ãã®ã¯çã§ããããšèšå®ããïŒææ°å€æã®èŠåïŒ ã®ã¡ã®ã¹ããã¶ã¯ãã³ã®ãã»ãšã«ãŽã»ã¹ã ã¯äžæ®µè«æ³ã§ã¯ãªããã³ã®ããšã¹ã ã¯åäžã®åœé¡ãèšã£ãŠããã®ã§ããããç§ã¯æãã€ã€ãããããšå矩ã§ãããšããããã®ã¹ããã¶ã®è§£éãããã«ã³ãã¯ãšã«ãŽãäžèŠãšãïŒãã«ã«ãèªèº«ããšã«ãŽã®äžèŠæ§ã«ã€ããŠã¯èããŠããïŒãã³ã®ãã»ãšã«ãŽã»ã¹ã ã¯çµéšçåœé¡ã§ããèªæèã«ãããã®ã ãšããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã»ãã«ã«ã | 8bbff766ad |
|
000000911 | Cover of Meditations | ãã«ã«ãã¯ãã®æ°ããªææ³ã«ãã£ãŠè¥¿æŽå²åŠã®æµãã倧ããå€ãããããè¿ä»£è¥¿æŽå²åŠã®ç¶ãšã¿ãªããããã®åºç€ãç¯ããææ³å®¶ã®äžäººã«æ°ãããã ãäžã§ãæ¹æ³çæçãå®åŒåããã第äžå²åŠã«é¢ããè«žçå¯ãã®æåã®2ç¯ã¯ããã«ã«ãã®èäœã®äžã§ç¹ã«è¿ä»£ã®å²åŠã«å€§ããªåœ±é¿ãäžãã ã ãããåœã®ãã«ã«ãæ¬äººã¯åœŒã®èãæ¹ãæŽå²çã«ã©ãã»ã©é©åœçã§ãã£ããã¯ç解ããŠããªãã£ããããã§ãå²åŠã«ãããŠãäœãçå®ãããšããè°è«ããäœãçããªãäºå®ãããšããè°è«ã«ã·ããããããšã§ããã«ã«ãã¯ééããªãããªã¹ãæçãªç¥äžå¿ã®ççæ¢æ±ã人éã®çæ§ã«åºã¥ãççæ¢æ±ãžãšå€ããã 圌ã®è«ãã人æ䞻矩çãªã人éæ§ãéèŠããå²åŠã®è»¢æã«ããã人éã¯äž»äœçã§ãç¬ç«ããçæ§ãåããèªç±ãªååšãšèããããããã«ãªã£ãããããŠããã¯è¿ä»£ã®åŠåã®åºç€ã確ç«ãããã®åœ±é¿ã¯ä»ããªãç¶ããŠãããèšãæããã°ãäžäžã®ããªã¹ãæçãªççãæäŒã®æ矩ãã人é¡ã解æŸããã人é¡ãçæ§ã«åºã¥ãèªãæ³ãäœããç¬ç«ããäž»äœãšããŠã®ç«å Žããšãããã«ãªã£ãã®ã ãè¿ä»£ã«ãããŠã¯ã圌ã®åœ±é¿ããççãä¿èšŒããã®ã¯ãã¯ãç¥ã§ã¯ãªã人éã§ãããšã®èãã匷ãŸã£ã.ãããããããšã§ã人éã«å¯ŸããèŠæ¹ã¯ãç¥ã«åŸé ãªååšã§ã¯ãªããçæ§çã§äž»äœçãªååšãžãšè¿ã¥ããŠãã£ãããããŠãã®ãããªèŠ³ç¹ã®å€åãããããªã¹ãæçãªäžäžããçæ§çãªè¿ä»£ãžã®è»¢æã§ãããä»ã®åéã§ãæåŸ
ãããŠããããšã§ãã£ããããã«ã«ãã«ãã£ãŠç¹ã«å²åŠã®åéã§ã¯é¡èã«çŸããããã«ãªã£ãã ãã®äººéã®çæ§ãç¬ç«çãªãã®ãšããŠç¢ºç«ãããã«ã«ãã®äººéäžå¿äž»çŸ©çãªèŠ³ç¹ã¯ãåè䞻矩ãšããŠãå²åŠãããªã¹ãæãšæäŒããé¢ãããã£ãããäœã£ãããŸããã«ãã£ã³ã»ãã€ãã¬ãŒã«ããã°ããã«ã«ãã®èŠç¹ã¯ããã®åŸã®ãã¹ãŠã®äººé¡åŠã®åºç€ãšããªã£ãã»ã©éèŠãªãã®ã ãšããããã®ããã«ãã«ã«ãã®å²åŠã¯ãçŸä»£ã®äººéäžå¿äž»çŸ©ã䞻芳䞻矩ã®åå ã«ãªã£ããšèšãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã»ãã«ã«ã | 12bd1e72fd |
|
000000912 | Principia philosophiae, 1685 | èäœãæç³»åã§äžŠã¹ããšä»¥äžã®ããã«ãªãã ãããŸã§ã¹ã¿ã³ãã©ãŒãå²åŠçŸç§äºå
žã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã»ãã«ã«ã | e43a00238d |
|
000000913 | ã«ãã»ãã«ã«ã | ã«ãã»ãã«ã«ãïŒä»: René Descartesã1596幎3æ31æ¥ - 1650幎2æ11æ¥ïŒã¯ããã©ã³ã¹çãŸãã®å²åŠè
ãæ°åŠè
ãåç䞻矩å²åŠã®ç¥ã§ãããè¿äžå²åŠã®ç¥ãšããŠç¥ãããã ã©ãã³èªåã¯ã¬ããã¥ã¹ã»ã«ã«ãã·ãŠã¹ (Renatus Cartesius) ã§ããããã«ã«ã座æšç³»ïŒä»: systÚme de coordonnées cartésiennes ; è±: Cartesian coordinate systemïŒããã«ã«ãç©ïŒãã«ã«ããããè±: Cartesian productïŒã®ããã«ãã«ã«ãã®åãã€ãããã®ã«ã«ã«ããžã¢ã³(Cartesian)ãšããè¡šçŸãçšããããããã«ã«ã䞻矩è
ãã«ã«ããžã¢ã³ïŒä»: Cartésien ; è±: CartesianïŒãšåŒã°ããã èããäž»äœãšããŠã®èªå·±ïŒç²Ÿç¥ïŒãšãã®ååšãå®åŒåãããææããããã«æãããã¯å²åŠå²äžã§æãæåãªåœé¡ã®äžã€ã§ããããããŠãã®åœé¡ã¯ãåœæã®ä¿å®çææ³ã§ãã£ãã¹ã³ã©å²åŠã®æãã§ãããšããã®ãä¿¡ä»°ãã«ããççã®ç²åŸã§ã¯ãªãã人éã®æã€ãèªç¶ã®å
ïŒçæ§ïŒããçšããŠççãæ¢æ±ããŠããããšããè¿ä»£å²åŠã®åºçºç¹ãç°¡æœã«è¡šçŸããŠããããã«ã«ãããè¿ä»£å²åŠã®ç¶ããšç§°ãããæ以ã§ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã»ãã«ã«ã | 5adc33d370 |
|
000000914 | ã«ãã»ãã«ã«ã | ã«ãã»ãã«ã«ãïŒä»: René Descartesã1596幎3æ31æ¥ - 1650幎2æ11æ¥ïŒã¯ããã©ã³ã¹çãŸãã®å²åŠè
ãæ°åŠè
ãåç䞻矩å²åŠã®ç¥ã§ãããè¿äžå²åŠã®ç¥ãšããŠç¥ãããã ã©ãã³èªåã¯ã¬ããã¥ã¹ã»ã«ã«ãã·ãŠã¹ (Renatus Cartesius) ã§ããããã«ã«ã座æšç³»ïŒä»: systÚme de coordonnées cartésiennes ; è±: Cartesian coordinate systemïŒããã«ã«ãç©ïŒãã«ã«ããããè±: Cartesian productïŒã®ããã«ãã«ã«ãã®åãã€ãããã®ã«ã«ã«ããžã¢ã³(Cartesian)ãšããè¡šçŸãçšããããããã«ã«ã䞻矩è
ãã«ã«ããžã¢ã³ïŒä»: Cartésien ; è±: CartesianïŒãšåŒã°ããã èããäž»äœãšããŠã®èªå·±ïŒç²Ÿç¥ïŒãšãã®ååšãå®åŒåãããææããããã«æãããã¯å²åŠå²äžã§æãæåãªåœé¡ã®äžã€ã§ããããããŠãã®åœé¡ã¯ãåœæã®ä¿å®çææ³ã§ãã£ãã¹ã³ã©å²åŠã®æãã§ãããšããã®ãä¿¡ä»°ãã«ããççã®ç²åŸã§ã¯ãªãã人éã®æã€ãèªç¶ã®å
ïŒçæ§ïŒããçšããŠççãæ¢æ±ããŠããããšããè¿ä»£å²åŠã®åºçºç¹ãç°¡æœã«è¡šçŸããŠããããã«ã«ãããè¿ä»£å²åŠã®ç¶ããšç§°ãããæ以ã§ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã»ãã«ã«ã | 14a10d4af3 |
|
000000915 | ããå
ç«äžå
šãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®æš¡åŒå³ | è±èªã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ïŒvirusïŒã®èªæºã¯ãã©ãã³èªã®ãvirusãã§ç
æ¯å åãšããæå³ã§ãããè±èªã®Virusã¯å€ãã¯åç©ãåºãæ¯æ¶²ãå«ããŠçšããããŠããã ãšãŒãããã®äž»ãªèšèªã§ã®çºé³ã以äžã«åæããã 以äžã®ãããªçºé³ãããšã«ãå€æ§ãªæ¥æ¬èªè¡šèšã䜿çšãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã€ã«ã¹ | b5d0bed4fd |
|
000000916 | ç²åç¶ç©è³ªã®åé¡ïŒãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ïŒ | 埮çç©åŠã®æŽå²ã¯ã1674幎ã«ãªã©ã³ãã®ã¬ãŒãŠã§ã³ããã¯ããé¡åŸ®é¡èŠ³å¯ã«ãã£ãŠçŽ°èãèŠåºããããšã«å§ãŸãããã®åŸ1860幎ã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ã«ã€ã»ãã¹ããŒã«ãçç©åŠãéžé åŠã«ããã现èã®æ矩ãã1876幎ã«ãã€ãã®ããã«ãã»ã³ããããå»åŠã«ããã现èã®æ矩ãæããã«ããããšã§å€§ããå±éãããç¹ã«ã³ãããçºèŠãæå±ãããææçãç
åæ§çŽ°èã«ãã£ãŠèµ·ããããšããèããå»åŠã«äžãã圱é¿ã¯å€§ããããã以éãææçã®åå ã¯å¯çè«ãé€ããŠãå
šãŠçŽ°èã«ãããã®ã ãšèããããŠããã 1892幎ããã·ã¢ã®ããããªãŒã»ã€ã¯ããã¹ããŒã¯ãã¿ãã³ã¢ã¶ã€ã¯ç
ã®ç
åã现èæ¿ŸéåšïŒåœæã¯ç²åãçŽ çŒããããã®ïŒãééããŠãæææ§ã倱ããªãããšãçºèŠãããã现èããã埮å°ãªãå
åŠé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ã¯èŠ³å¯ã§ããªãååšã§ããããšãå ±åãããããããç
åäœã¯çŽ°èã§ãããšããèããæšãŠãããªãã£ãããŸããã®ç 究ãšã¯å¥ã«ã1898幎ã«ãã€ãã®ããªãŒããªãã»ã¬ãã©ãŒãšããŠã«ã»ãããã·ã¥ãå£è¹ç«ã®ç
åäœã®åé¢ãè©Šã¿ããããåæ§ã®ååšã§ããããšãçªãæ¢ãããfilterable virusïŒæ¿Ÿéæ§ç
åäœïŒããšåŒç§°ãããå幎ã«ãªã©ã³ãã®ãã«ãã£ãã¹ã»ãã€ãšãªã³ã¯ã¯ã€ã¯ããã¹ããŒãšåæ§ã®ç 究ãè¡ã£ãŠãåãããã«èŠåºãããæªç¥ã®æ§è³ªãæã€ç
åäœããContagium vivum fluidumïŒçåœãæã£ãæææ§ã®æ¶²äœïŒããšåŒãã ã ã¬ãã©ãŒã¯æ¿Ÿéæ§ç
åäœãå°ããªçŽ°èãšèããŠãããããã€ãšãªã³ã¯ã¯ååã§ãããšèããããã现èã«ææããŠå¢æ®ãããšäž»åŒµããã圌ã®äž»åŒµã¯ããã«ã¯åãå
¥ããããªãã£ãããåæ§ã®æ§è³ªããã£ãç
åäœããã¡ãŒãžãçºèŠãããŠããããšã§ãäžè¬ã«ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ååšãä¿¡ããããããã«ãªã£ãããã®åŸãç©çååŠçãªæ§è³ªãåŸã
ã«è§£æããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããã§ããŠãããšèããããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã€ã«ã¹ | 2c7d39decc |
|
000000917 | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®åºæ¬æ§é ïŒAïŒãšã³ãããŒããæããªããŠã€ã«ã¹ãïŒBïŒãšã³ãããŒããæã€ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã1. ã«ãã·ãã2. ãŠã€ã«ã¹æ žé
žã3. ã«ããœããŒã4. ãã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã5. ããªãªã³ã6. ãšã³ãããŒãã7. ã¹ãã€ã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ª | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®åºæ¬æ§é ã¯ãç²åã®äžå¿ã«ãããŠã€ã«ã¹æ žé
žãšããããåãå²ãã«ãã·ã (è±: capsid) ãšåŒã°ããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®æ®»ããæ§æãããç²åã§ããããŠã€ã«ã¹æ žé
žãšã«ãã·ãã䜵ãããã®ããã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ã (è±: nucleocapsid) ãšåŒã¶ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®åœ¢ç¶ã¯ã«ãã·ãã®åœ¢ã«ãã£ãŠåºæ¬çã«ã¯æ£20é¢äœåïŒç«æ¹å¯Ÿç§°åïŒãšèºæ察称åã«åããããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ããšã³ãããŒã (è±: envelope) ãšåŒã°ããèæåãªã©ããã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ã以å€ã®ç©è³ªãå«ããã®ãããããããã®æ§ææåãå«ããŠããã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ãšã£ãŠå¿
èŠãªæ§é ãå
šãŠåãã宿䞻ã«å¯ŸããŠææå¯èœãªãå®å
šãªãŠã€ã«ã¹ç²åããããªãªã³ãšåŒã¶ã ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®å€§ããïŒé·åŸïŒã¯å°ãããã®ã§20ã40nmã§å€§ãããã®ãå«ãå¹³åãããš100nmã»ã©ã§ãããæã倧ãã倩ç¶çãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯é·åŸ300nmã§åæ žçç©ã§æãå°ãããã€ã³ãã©ãºãïŒ200ã300nmïŒããã倧ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯å
åŠé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ã¯èŠ³å¯ã§ãããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ãå¿
èŠã ããé»åç·ãç
§å°ããããçãã现èå
ã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã芳å¯ããããšã¯ã§ããªãã ãŠã€ã«ã¹æ žé
žã¯ãéåžžãDNAãRNAã®ã©ã¡ããäžæ¹ã§ãããããªãã¡ãä»ã®çç©ãäžåã®çŽ°èå
ã«DNAïŒéºäŒåãšããŠïŒãšRNAïŒmRNAãrRNAãtRNAãªã©ïŒã®äž¡æ¹ã®ååãå«ãã®ã«å¯ŸããŠããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®äžç²åã«ã¯ãã®çæ¹ããå«ãŸããªãïŒãã ãDNAãšå
±ã«RNAãäžéšå«ãBåèçãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ãããªäŸå€ãçšã«ååšããïŒããã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãæã€æ žé
žã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯DNAãŠã€ã«ã¹ãšRNAãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«å€§å¥ããããããã«ãããããã®æ žé
žãäžæ¬éãäºæ¬éããäžæ¬éã®RNAã§ããã°mRNAãšããŠã®æŽ»æ§ãæã€ãæããªããïŒãã©ã¹éRNAããã€ãã¹éRNAãïŒãç°ç¶ãç·ç¶ãããªã©ã«ãã£ãŠçŽ°ããåé¡ãããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ã²ãã ã¯ä»ã®çç©ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠã¯ããã«ãµã€ãºãå°ããããŸãã³ãŒãããŠããéºäŒåã®æ°ã極ããŠå°ãªããäŸãã°ãããã®éºäŒåãæ°äžåããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠããŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ã¯3ã100åã»ã©ã ãšèšãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã€ã«ã¹ | 342e127d93 |
|
000000918 | ãã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã®å¯Ÿç§°æ§(å·Š) æ£äºåé¢äœæ§(äž) ãããæ§é (å³)æ§é ã®è€éãªãã¡ãŒãž | ãŠã€ã«ã¹æ žé
žãšã«ãã·ããåããããã®ããã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ã (è±: nucleocapsid) ãšåŒã¶ããšã³ãããŒããæããªããŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ã¯ãã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã¯ããªãªã³ãšåããã®ãæããèšãæããã°ãã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã¯å
šãŠã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«å
±éã«èŠãããæ倧å
¬çŽæ°çãªèŠçŽ ã§ããã ãã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã®åœ¢ã¯ãŠã€ã«ã¹ããšã«æ±ºãŸã£ãŠãããåºæ¬çã«ã¯æ£20é¢äœåïŒç«æ¹å¯Ÿç§°åïŒãšèºæ察称åã«åããããããã ãã倩ç¶çã®åå ã§ããããã¯ã¹ãŠã€ã«ã¹ããã¯ããªãªãã¡ãŒãžãªã©ã§ã¯ããã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã¯æ¥µããŠè€éãªæ§é ã§ãããåçŽãªå¯Ÿç§°æ§ã¯æããªãã ãšã³ãããŒã (è±: envelope) ã¯ãåçŽãã«ãã¹ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãã€ã³ãã«ãšã³ã¶ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãããå
ç«äžå
šãŠã€ã«ã¹ãªã©äžéšã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ç²åã«èŠãããèç¶ã®æ§é ã®ããšããããã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ãããŠããšã³ãããŒãã¯ãŠã€ã«ã¹ç²åïŒããªãªã³ïŒã®æãå€åŽã«äœçœ®ããŠããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®åºæ¬æ§é ãšãªããŠã€ã«ã¹ã²ãã ããã³ã«ãã·ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãèŠã£ãŠããããšã³ãããŒãã®æç¡ã¯ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºãŸã£ãŠãããåé¢ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ãã©ã®çš®é¡ã®ãã®ã§ããããéå¥ããéã®ææšã®äžã€ã§ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã€ã«ã¹ | 3325ca9636 |
|
000000919 | 现èïŒå·ŠïŒãšãŠã€ã«ã¹ïŒå³ïŒã®å¢æ®æ§åŒ | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯ãããèªèº«åç¬ã§ã¯å¢æ®ã§ãããä»ã®çç©ã®çŽ°èå
ã«ææããŠåããŠå¢æ®å¯èœãšãªãããã®ãããªæ§è³ªãåæ§çŽ°èå
å¯çæ§ãšåŒã¶ããŸããäžè¬çãªçç©ã®çŽ°èã2åè£ã«ãã£ãŠ 2n ã§å¯Ÿæ°çã«æ°ãå¢ããïŒå¯Ÿæ°å¢æ®ïŒã®ã«å¯ŸãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯1ã€ã®ç²åããææãã宿䞻现èå
ã§äžæ°ã«æ°ãå¢ãããŠæŸåºïŒäžæ®µéå¢æ®ïŒããããŸãææãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯çŽ°èå
ã§äžåºŠå解ããããããèŠããäžãŠã€ã«ã¹ç²åã®ååšããªãæéïŒæé»æïŒãããã ãã¡ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯çŽ°èãããå°ããããã®éºäŒç©è³ªã§ããDNAãRNAã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®å€æ®»ã«å
ãŸããŠããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«å¯çããã现èã¯ãéåžžã®çåœç¶æã®æ©èœãæãããªããªãããŠã€ã«ã¹å·¥å Žãšãªã£ãŠä»ã®çŽ°èãææãããæçµçã«ã¯ãŠã€ã«ã¹å·¥å Žãšãªã£ã现èã¯ç Žå£ãããŠããŸãã ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®å¢æ®ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªã¹ãããã§è¡ãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã€ã«ã¹ | d8b1fde28a |
|
000000920 | 现èå€æ§å¹æïŒå圢åïŒå¹é€ãã©ã¹ã³ã®åºã«æ·ç³ç¶ã«çè²ããŠããå¹é€çŽ°èããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ææã«ãã£ãŠåãå€åœ¢ãããããŠãã©ã¹ã³ããã¯ãããŠãã©ãŒã¯ïŒç©ºéãåçäžå€®ïŒã圢æããã | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãææããŠå¢æ®ãããšã宿䞻现èãæ¬æ¥èªåèªèº«ã®ããã«ç£çã»å©çšããŠãããšãã«ã®ãŒããã¢ããé
žãªã©ã®æ é€æºããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ç²åè€è£œã®ããã«å¥ªãããããã°ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ä¹ã£åããããç¶æ
ã«ãªãã ããã«å¯ŸããŠå®¿äž»çŽ°èã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãéºäŒåã®åæãå
šäœçã«æå¶ããããšã§æµæããããšããäžæ¹ã§ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯èªåã®è€è£œãããå¹ççã«è¡ãããã«ãæ§ã
ãªãŠã€ã«ã¹éºäŒåç£ç©ãå©çšããŠã宿䞻现èã®ççæ©èœãå¶åŸ¡ããããšããããŸããŠã€ã«ã¹ãèªåèªèº«ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãäžæã«å€§éåæããããšã¯çŽ°èã«ãšã£ãŠçççãªã¹ãã¬ã¹ã«ãªãããŸãå®æããç²åãæŸåºãããšãã«ã¯å®¿äž»ã®çŽ°èèã现èå£ãç Žå£ããå Žåãããããã®ãããªåå ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ãææããåèã§ã¯æ§ã
ãªçççã»åœ¢æ
çãªå€åãçŸããã ãã®çŸè±¡ã®ãã¡ç¹ã«åœ¢æ
çãªå€åã瀺ããã®ã现èå€æ§å¹æ (cytopathic effect, CPE) ãšåŒã¶ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãç¹å®ã®å®¿äž»çŽ°èã«åœ¢æ
çã«ç¹åŸŽã®ãã现èå€æ§å¹æãèµ·ãããã®ããããããããŠã€ã«ã¹ãéå¥ããäžã§ã®éèŠãªæãããã®äžã€ã«ãªã£ãŠããã代衚çãªçŽ°èå€æ§å¹æãšããŠã¯ã现èã®å圢åã»çŽ°èå士ã®èåã«ããåèäœ (synsitium) ã®åœ¢æã»å°å
¥äœã®åœ¢æãªã©ãç¥ãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã€ã«ã¹ | f11208c491 |
|
000000921 | 现èå€æ§å¹æïŒåèäœïŒæ·ç³ç¶ã«çè²ããå¹é€çŽ°èå士ããŠã€ã«ã¹ææã«ãã£ãŠçŽ°èèã®èåãèµ·ããã现èæ žãäžå€®ã«åéããŠïŒåçäžå€®ïŒå€æ žå·šçŽ°èæ§ã®åœ¢æ
ã«ãªãã | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãææããŠå¢æ®ãããšã宿䞻现èãæ¬æ¥èªåèªèº«ã®ããã«ç£çã»å©çšããŠãããšãã«ã®ãŒããã¢ããé
žãªã©ã®æ é€æºããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ç²åè€è£œã®ããã«å¥ªãããããã°ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ä¹ã£åããããç¶æ
ã«ãªãã ããã«å¯ŸããŠå®¿äž»çŽ°èã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãéºäŒåã®åæãå
šäœçã«æå¶ããããšã§æµæããããšããäžæ¹ã§ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯èªåã®è€è£œãããå¹ççã«è¡ãããã«ãæ§ã
ãªãŠã€ã«ã¹éºäŒåç£ç©ãå©çšããŠã宿䞻现èã®ççæ©èœãå¶åŸ¡ããããšããããŸããŠã€ã«ã¹ãèªåèªèº«ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãäžæã«å€§éåæããããšã¯çŽ°èã«ãšã£ãŠçççãªã¹ãã¬ã¹ã«ãªãããŸãå®æããç²åãæŸåºãããšãã«ã¯å®¿äž»ã®çŽ°èèã现èå£ãç Žå£ããå Žåãããããã®ãããªåå ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ãææããåèã§ã¯æ§ã
ãªçççã»åœ¢æ
çãªå€åãçŸããã ãã®çŸè±¡ã®ãã¡ç¹ã«åœ¢æ
çãªå€åã瀺ããã®ã现èå€æ§å¹æ (cytopathic effect, CPE) ãšåŒã¶ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãç¹å®ã®å®¿äž»çŽ°èã«åœ¢æ
çã«ç¹åŸŽã®ãã现èå€æ§å¹æãèµ·ãããã®ããããããããŠã€ã«ã¹ãéå¥ããäžã§ã®éèŠãªæãããã®äžã€ã«ãªã£ãŠããã代衚çãªçŽ°èå€æ§å¹æãšããŠã¯ã现èã®å圢åã»çŽ°èå士ã®èåã«ããåèäœ (synsitium) ã®åœ¢æã»å°å
¥äœã®åœ¢æãªã©ãç¥ãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã€ã«ã¹ | 5bb63f9d33 |
|
000000922 | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ïŒè±èª: virusããŽã¡ã€ã©ã¹ã, ã©ãã³èª: virusããŠã£ãŒã«ã¹ã, äžåœèª: ç
æ¯ïŒã¯ãä»çç©ã®çŽ°èãå©çšããŠèªå·±ãè€è£œãããã極埮å°ãªæææ§ã®æ§é äœã§ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®æ®»ãšãã®å
éšã«å
¥ã£ãŠããæ žé
žãããªãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯1930幎代ã«é»åé¡åŸ®é¡ãçšããããããã«ãªã£ãããšã§èŠ³å¯ãå¯èœã«ãªãããã®ååšãç¥ãããããã«ãªã£ãã çåœã®æå°åäœã§ãã现èããã®çäœèã§ãã现èèãæããªãããšãå°åšå®ããªãããšãèªå·±å¢æ®ããããšããªãããšãããçç©ãã©ããã«ã€ããŠè°è«ããããäžè¬çã«ã¯ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯çç©ã§ã¯ãªãããšããããããã©ã³ã¹ã®é²åçç©åŠè
ãããªãã¯ã»ãã©ã«ããŒã«ã®ããã«ãçç©ã«å«ããèŠè§£ãããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã宿䞻ã«ææããç¶æ
ïŒãŽã¡ã€ãã»ã«ãvirocellïŒãæ¬æ¥ã®å§¿ãšæããã°çç©ã®ããã«ãµããŸã£ãŠããããšããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ããã«å€æ°ã®éºäŒåãæã£ã巚倧ãªãŠã€ã«ã¹ãããããšãªã©ãçç±ãšããŠããã ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãçåœäœãšèŠãªãã°ããã®æ°ãå€æ§æ§ã¯å°çäžã§æãå€ãïŒèŠãªããªãå Žåãåäœæ°ã¯åŸ®çç©ãçš®é¡ã¯ç²è«é¡ãæãå€ãïŒãã¡ã¿ã²ãã 解æã®å®çšåã«ããæ§ã
ãªç°å¢ã«ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãèŠã€ãã£ãŠããã宿䞻ã«æ®ã£ããŠã€ã«ã¹ç±æ¥ã®éºäŒåãçç©é²åã«é¢ãã£ãããå°çã®çæ
ç³»ãæ°åã«ã圱é¿ãäžãããããŠãããåç©ãæ€ç©ã®ã»ãã»ãŒå
šãŠã®çç©ã«ç¹æã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãååšããããããå«ããåæ€ç©ã«ææçãªã©çŸç
ãåŒãèµ·ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯äžéšã§ããããçºèŠã»åæãããŠããªããŠã€ã«ã¹ãéçé³¥ç£ã宿䞻ãšãããã®ã ãã§170äžçš®ããããã®åæ°ã人ç£å
±éææçã®ç
åäœã«ãªããªã¹ã¯ããããšæšèšãããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã€ã«ã¹ | 62ff722fb7 |
|
000000923 | 2020幎ã®çµ±ååè¬æ¬éš | ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«ãããè±èª: United States Armed Forcesãå¥åïŒåè¡åœè»ãç±³è»ïŒã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœãä¿æããè»éãéžè»ã»æµ·è»ã»ç©ºè»ã»æµ·å
µéã»å®å®è»ã®5è»çš®ãããªãåžžåè»ãšãå¹³æã¯æµ·äžèŠåãäž»ãšããæ³å·è¡æ©é¢ãšããŠã®åœ¹å²ããã沿岞èŠåéãå«ãã6ã€ã®è»çš®ãããªã£ãŠããããããã¯ãããã8ã€ã®æŠå®çµç¹ã«å«ãŸãããéžè»ã»ç©ºè»ã«ã€ããŠã¯æ®æ®µããã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœé£éŠæ¿åºã®ææ®äžã«ããé£éŠè»ãšãå·ç¥äºã®ææ®äžã«ããå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠé£éŠè»ã«ç·šå
¥ãããå·å
µãããããªãåå·æ¿åºã®å·é²è¡è»ã¯é£éŠæ¿åºã®ææ®äžã«å
¥ããªãçºãéåžžã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã«å«ãŸãªããè»ã®æé«åžä»€å®ã¯å€§çµ±é ã§ãããé£éŠè¡æ¿éšã®ãã¡ã®åœé²ç·çãšåœåå®å
šä¿éçãšå
±ã«è»äºæ¿çã決å®ããã ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã¯ãã®çºè¶³ä»¥æ¥ååœã®æŽå²ã«ãããŠæ±ºå®çãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠããã第äžæ¬¡ããŒããªæŠäºãšç¬¬äºæ¬¡ããŒããªæŠäºã§ã®åå©ã®çµæãšããŠãåœæ°ã®çµ±äžãšã¢ã€ãã³ãã£ãã£ã®æèŠãçæããããããã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ååæŠäºã«ãããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®è»éãšããŠã®åœ¹å²ãæããç¶ãããããã®å€ãã®å°æ ¡ãåè»ã®åé¢äž»çŸ©è»ã«å ããããšãæ絶ããã1947幎9æã«æ¡æãããåœå®¶å®å
šä¿éæ³ã¯ãçŸä»£ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®æ çµã¿ãæ§ç¯ããããã®æ³åŸã¯åœé²é·å®ãçããåœå®¶è»äºæœèšïŒNational Military EstablishmentïŒãèšç«ãã空è»çãšåœå®¶å®å
šä¿éäŒè°ãèšç«ããã1949幎8æã®æ³æ¹æ£ã§åœå®¶è»äºæœèšã¯åœé²ç·çã«æ¹åãããå
é£ã¬ãã«ã®éžè»çã»æµ·è»çã»ç©ºè»çãåœé²ç·çã«çµ±åãããã ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã¯äººå¡ã®é¢ã§æ倧ã®è»éã®äžã€ã§ãããæ絊ã®å¿é¡å
µã®å€§èŠæš¡ãªäººå¡ããå
µå£«ãæ§æããŠããã城å
µå¶åºŠã¯1861幎ããå®æœãããŠããã1973幎ã®ãããã æŠäºçµçµã§åæ¢ãšãªã£ããçŸåšã¯ã»ã¬ã¯ãã£ãã»ãµãŒãã¹ã»ã·ã¹ãã ïŒéžæ城å
µç»é²å¶åºŠïŒãèšããããŠããã18æ³ãã25æ³ãŸã§ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«åœç±ãæã€ç·æ§ã¯ã»ã¬ã¯ãã£ããµãŒãã¹ã«ç»é²ããèšç·Žãåãã矩åãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ç±³è» | 56ed6cfb79 |
|
000000924 | ã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã®é§çå
µå ïŒ2007幎ïŒÂ  1000以äžã®éšé  100以äžã®éšé  æœèšã®äœ¿çš | ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯ç±³ãœå·æŠã«ãããå®å
šä¿éæ¿çãåããŠãå€ãã®åœå®¶ïŒåœé²ç·çãå
¬è¡šããŠããã ãã§170ãåœä»¥äžãå
倧èŠæš¡åºå°ã眮ãã®ã¯çŽ60ãåœïŒã«çŸåšãè»éšéãé§çãããŠãããé²è¡æ¡çŽäžŠã³ã«åå®ã«ãã£ãŠã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ãåžžæé§çããŠããåœå®¶ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãïŒ2022幎3æ31æ¥çŸåšïŒãããå
æ°å€ã¯é§çå
µåã瀺ãã ãããŸã§ãæœèšã®ç¶æãé£çµ¡èŠå¡ã»é§åšæŠå®ãšããŠåžžé§ããŠãã人æ°ã§ããçºãç¹æ®éšéãäœæŠè¡åäžã®æ°ãå«ããšå®æ°ã¯ãããããå€ãå¯èœæ§ããããè¿å¹Žã¯å€§èŠæš¡ãªæä¹
åºå°ã§ã¯ãªãç¹æ®ä»»åã«ç¹åããå°èŠæš¡åºå°ãäžå¿ã«å±éããŠããçºãé§ç人æ°ã¯å°æ°ïŒæ°åïœæ°çŸäººãäžæ¡ã®å ŽåãïŒåŸåã«ããïŒé称ïŒãªãªãŒã»ãããæŠç¥ïŒã åºå°ã®å
µå£«ãå°å
ååºè¡ã®å®¢å±€ãšãªãããŸãå°å
äœæ°ãåºå°ã®åŸæ¥å¡ãšããŠéçšããããªã©ãçµæžçã«éèŠãªååšã«ãªã£ãŠããå Žåãå€ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ç±³è» | 164720f6fb |
|
000000925 | ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®åçé¢ä¿Â  UKUSAïŒAUSCANNZUKUSãABCAïŒÂ  åçåœ | 1950幎以éåè»ç¬èªã®å
¬åŒèšå¿µæ¥ã¯å»æ¢ããã5æã®ç¬¬3åææ¥ã®è»éèšå¿µæ¥ (Armed Forces Day) ã«çµ±åãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ç±³è» | 7be4a8293f |
|
000000926 | åšè±ã¢ã¡ãªã«ç©ºè»ã®åºå°ã®äžèŠ§ | 1950幎以éåè»ç¬èªã®å
¬åŒèšå¿µæ¥ã¯å»æ¢ããã5æã®ç¬¬3åææ¥ã®è»éèšå¿µæ¥ (Armed Forces Day) ã«çµ±åãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ç±³è» | 2227d0ccaf |
|
000000927 | ãã€ãã®ç±³è»äžèŠ§ | 1950幎以éåè»ç¬èªã®å
¬åŒèšå¿µæ¥ã¯å»æ¢ããã5æã®ç¬¬3åææ¥ã®è»éèšå¿µæ¥ (Armed Forces Day) ã«çµ±åãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ç±³è» | bace20acc3 |
|
000000928 | æ¥æ¥ãããããŒãã»ã²ãŒãåœé²é·å®ãšæ¡æã亀ããç³ç Žèé²è¡å€§è£ïŒ2007幎11æ8æ¥ïŒ | 1950幎以éåè»ç¬èªã®å
¬åŒèšå¿µæ¥ã¯å»æ¢ããã5æã®ç¬¬3åææ¥ã®è»éèšå¿µæ¥ (Armed Forces Day) ã«çµ±åãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ç±³è» | 4158d61124 |
|
000000929 | ãã¢ããäœæŠã§æŽ¥æ³¢ã«ããçŠç€«ãæ€å»ããåšæ¥ã¢ã¡ãªã«æµ·è»ã®æ°Žå
µãïŒ2011幎ãæ±æ¥æ¬å€§éçœïŒ | 1950幎以éåè»ç¬èªã®å
¬åŒèšå¿µæ¥ã¯å»æ¢ããã5æã®ç¬¬3åææ¥ã®è»éèšå¿µæ¥ (Armed Forces Day) ã«çµ±åãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ç±³è» | 341e9c3e88 |
|
000000930 | çèªã®å°ãšäžæŽ¥è©èµå±æ·è·¡ã®èšå¿µç¢ïŒå€§éªåºå€§éªåžçŠå³¶åºçŠå³¶äžäžç®ãã»ãããŸã¡å
ãææ¥æŸéã°ã«ãŒãããŒã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹ç€Ÿå±åïŒ | 倧åå 島æ°å°äºäžç® ã«ãã£ãè±ååœäžæŽ¥è©ïŒçŸïŒå€§åçäžæŽ¥åžïŒã®èµå±æ·ã§äžçŽè©å£«ã»çŠæŸ€çŸå©ãšåŠ»ã»æŒé ã®éã«æ¬¡ç·ïŒ8ïœ9æ³äžã®å
ãš3人ã®å§ã6æ³äžã4æ³äžã2æ³äžããæã€æ«åïŒãšããŠçãŸãããè«åãšããåã¯ãååŠè
ã§ããã£ãç¶ããäžè«æ¡äŸãïŒæž
ã®ä¹Ÿéåžæ²»äžäžã®æ³ä»€ãèšé²ããæžïŒãæã«å
¥ããå€ã«åœŒãçãŸããããšã«ç±æ¥ãããçŠæŸ€æ°ã®ç¥ã¯ä¿¡æ¿åœæŽçŽé¡æäžæ網æçŠæŸ€ãããã¯ååœè«èšªé¡çŠæŸ€æãçºç¥¥ãšããŠãåè
ã¯æž
åæºæ°æäžæ°çºåœæµãåŸè
ã¯è«èšªæ°æ¯æµãšãã説ããããåç±³ïŒãšãããïŒã®ä»£ã«è±ååœäžæŽ¥é¡ã«ç§»äœããã åç±³ã®å«ã§ããç¶ã»çŸå©ã¯ãéŽ»æ± ãå 島å±ãªã©ã®å€§åã®å人ãçžæã«è©ã®å財ãæ±ãè·ã«ãããªãããè©åã»éæ¬éªå·ãåžè¶³äžéã«åŠã³ãè
è¶å±±ã»äŒè€æ±æ¶¯ãªã©ã®ååŠã«éããåŠè
ã§ããã£ããçŸå©ã®åŸèŒ©ã«ã¯è¿æ±åœæ°Žå£è©ã»è©åã®äžææ åããããæ·±ã芪亀ããã£ãæ åã¯çŸå©ã®æ»åŸãè«åã®é¢åãèŠãŠãããäžå°å§æ ŒïŒå©æ¹ïŒã®åœ¹äººãšãªãã倧åã§ã®åå®æ¹å€çªã¯åæ°å¹Žã«ãããã ãã身åæ Œå·®ã®æ¿ããäžæŽ¥è©ã§ã¯åããªãããšãã§ããã«ãã®äžãå»ã£ãããã®ããæ¯åã§ããè«åã¯ã®ã¡ã«ãéé¥å¶åºŠã¯èŠªã®æµïŒãããïŒã§åŸ¡åº§ããïŒãçŠç¿èªäŒãïŒãšããè¿°ã¹ãŠãããèªèº«ãå°å»ºå¶åºŠã«ã¯çåãæããŠãããå
ã»äžä¹å©ã¯ç¶ã«äŒŒãçŽç²ãªæŒ¢åŠè
ã§ããæ»ã«è³ããŸã§åæå¿ ä¿¡ãã®äžèšã§ãã£ããšããã ãªããæ¯å
å§ãšäžç·ã«æ®ãããŠã¯ãããã幌æããåç¶ã»äžæè¡å¹³ã®é€åã«ãªãäžæå§ãåä¹ã£ãŠãããã®ã¡ãçŠæŸ€å®¶ã«åŸ©ãããäœæ Œããããåœæã®æ¥æ¬äººãšããŠã¯ããªã倧æãªäººç©ã§ããïŒææ²»14幎ïŒ1881幎ïŒ7æåœæã身é·ã¯173cmãäœéã¯70.25kgãèºæŽ»éã¯5.159âïŒã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 135024bc74 |
|
000000931 | çŠæŸ€è«åæ§å±
ïŒå€§åçäžæŽ¥åžïŒ | 倧åå 島æ°å°äºäžç® ã«ãã£ãè±ååœäžæŽ¥è©ïŒçŸïŒå€§åçäžæŽ¥åžïŒã®èµå±æ·ã§äžçŽè©å£«ã»çŠæŸ€çŸå©ãšåŠ»ã»æŒé ã®éã«æ¬¡ç·ïŒ8ïœ9æ³äžã®å
ãš3人ã®å§ã6æ³äžã4æ³äžã2æ³äžããæã€æ«åïŒãšããŠçãŸãããè«åãšããåã¯ãååŠè
ã§ããã£ãç¶ããäžè«æ¡äŸãïŒæž
ã®ä¹Ÿéåžæ²»äžäžã®æ³ä»€ãèšé²ããæžïŒãæã«å
¥ããå€ã«åœŒãçãŸããããšã«ç±æ¥ãããçŠæŸ€æ°ã®ç¥ã¯ä¿¡æ¿åœæŽçŽé¡æäžæ網æçŠæŸ€ãããã¯ååœè«èšªé¡çŠæŸ€æãçºç¥¥ãšããŠãåè
ã¯æž
åæºæ°æäžæ°çºåœæµãåŸè
ã¯è«èšªæ°æ¯æµãšãã説ããããåç±³ïŒãšãããïŒã®ä»£ã«è±ååœäžæŽ¥é¡ã«ç§»äœããã åç±³ã®å«ã§ããç¶ã»çŸå©ã¯ãéŽ»æ± ãå 島å±ãªã©ã®å€§åã®å人ãçžæã«è©ã®å財ãæ±ãè·ã«ãããªãããè©åã»éæ¬éªå·ãåžè¶³äžéã«åŠã³ãè
è¶å±±ã»äŒè€æ±æ¶¯ãªã©ã®ååŠã«éããåŠè
ã§ããã£ããçŸå©ã®åŸèŒ©ã«ã¯è¿æ±åœæ°Žå£è©ã»è©åã®äžææ åããããæ·±ã芪亀ããã£ãæ åã¯çŸå©ã®æ»åŸãè«åã®é¢åãèŠãŠãããäžå°å§æ ŒïŒå©æ¹ïŒã®åœ¹äººãšãªãã倧åã§ã®åå®æ¹å€çªã¯åæ°å¹Žã«ãããã ãã身åæ Œå·®ã®æ¿ããäžæŽ¥è©ã§ã¯åããªãããšãã§ããã«ãã®äžãå»ã£ãããã®ããæ¯åã§ããè«åã¯ã®ã¡ã«ãéé¥å¶åºŠã¯èŠªã®æµïŒãããïŒã§åŸ¡åº§ããïŒãçŠç¿èªäŒãïŒãšããè¿°ã¹ãŠãããèªèº«ãå°å»ºå¶åºŠã«ã¯çåãæããŠãããå
ã»äžä¹å©ã¯ç¶ã«äŒŒãçŽç²ãªæŒ¢åŠè
ã§ããæ»ã«è³ããŸã§åæå¿ ä¿¡ãã®äžèšã§ãã£ããšããã ãªããæ¯å
å§ãšäžç·ã«æ®ãããŠã¯ãããã幌æããåç¶ã»äžæè¡å¹³ã®é€åã«ãªãäžæå§ãåä¹ã£ãŠãããã®ã¡ãçŠæŸ€å®¶ã«åŸ©ãããäœæ Œããããåœæã®æ¥æ¬äººãšããŠã¯ããªã倧æãªäººç©ã§ããïŒææ²»14幎ïŒ1881幎ïŒ7æåœæã身é·ã¯173cmãäœéã¯70.25kgãèºæŽ»éã¯5.159âïŒã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 1c00792ebf |
|
000000932 | é·åŽå
氞寺ïŒå€§æ£ïŒãæ圩è²çµµèæž | å®æ¿å
幎ïŒ1854幎ïŒãè«åã¯å
ã®å§ãã§19æ³ã§é·åŽãžéåŠããŠèåŠãåŠã¶ïŒåæ°ž7幎2æïŒãé·åŽåžã®å
氞寺ã«å¯å®¿ããçŸåšã¯ç³ç¢ãæ®ãããŠãããé»è¹æ¥èªã«ããç ²è¡ã®éèŠãé«ãŸããããªã©ã³ãæµç ²è¡ãåŠã¶ã«ã¯ãªã©ã³ãèªã®åå
žãèªãŸãªããã°ãªããªããããããèªãã§ã¿ãæ°ã¯ãªããããšå
ããèªãããã®ããã£ããã§ãã£ããé·åŽå¥è¡é
äžã®åœ¹äººã§ç ²è¡å®¶ã®å±±æ¬ç©æ¬¡éå®
ã«å±
åãããªã©ã³ãéè©ïŒéèš³ãªã©ãä»äºãšããé·åŽã®åœ¹äººïŒã®å
ãžéã£ãŠãªã©ã³ãèªãåŠãã ãå±±æ¬å®¶ã«ã¯è®ç€Ÿã®çã®éã«é«å³¶ç§åžãã没åããç ²è¡é¢ä¿ã®æžç©ãä¿ç®¡æèµãããŠãããå±±æ¬ã¯ããããç ²è¡é¢ä¿ã®æžç±ã人ã«è²žãããåããããããŠè¬éãããã£ãŠãããè«åãé²èªãèš±ãããŠéç ²ã®èšèšå³ãåŒãããšããã§ããããã«ãªã£ããå±±æ¬å®¶ã®å®¢ã®äžã«ãè©æ©è©ã®æŸåŽéŒç«ããããã¢ã«ãã¡ããããæããŠãããããã®æåã®è«žè©ã®è¥¿æŽå®¶ãããšãã°æç°èµå
ïŒã®ã¡ã®å€§æç次éïŒã»æ¬å³¶è€å€ªå€«ã»èæ± å¯å€ªéããæ¥ãŠããåºå³¶ã®ãªã©ã³ãå±æ·ã«è¡ã£ãŠã¿ããããšãããå€§ç ²ãé³ãããå³ãã¿ããŠããããšãããããªäžè©±ãããã®ãå±±æ¬å®¶ã®ä»äºã§ããããã®å®ã¯ã¿ãªè«åã®ä»äºã§ãã£ããäžã§ããèæ± å¯å€ªéã¯é»è¹ã«ä¹è¹ããããšãèš±ããã人ç©ã§ãè«åã¯ãã®é·åŽæ»åšæã«ããªãå€ãã®ç¥èãåŸãããšãã§ããããã®ããããç³å·æ¡æã®äžã§æãèŠã€ããŠã¯æããåããããçžãé Œãã«ååŠãç¶ããã å®æ¿2幎ïŒ1855幎ïŒãè«åã¯ãã®å±±æ¬å®¶ã玹ä»ãã奥平壱å²ãããã®å®å®¶ã§ãã奥平家ïŒäžæŽ¥è©å®¶èã®å®¶æïŒãšäžåã«ãªããäžæŽ¥ãžæ»ãããã«ãšã®ç¥ãããå±ãããããè«åæ¬äººã¯å幎ã«äžæŽ¥ãåºç«ãããšãããäžæŽ¥ãžæ»ãã€ãããªã©æ¯é ãªãã倧åãçµãŠæ±æžãžåºãèšç»ã匷è¡ããã倧åãžå°çãããšããã€ãŠã®ç¶ãšåããäžæŽ¥è©èµå±æ·ã«åããŠããå
ã蚪ããããããšå
ãããæ±æžãžã¯è¡ããªããšåŒãæ¢ãããã倧åã§èåŠãåŠã¶ãã説åŸããããããã§è«åã¯å€§åã®äžæŽ¥è©èµå±æ·ã«å±
åããªãããåœæãéæçºã®å
çããšåŒã°ããä»ãå§åããŠãã足å®è©äžå£«ã§èåŠè
ã»ç·æ¹æŽªåºµã®ãé©å¡Ÿãã§åŠã¶ããšãšãªã£ãïŒæ§æŠ3æ9æ¥ïŒ4æ25æ¥ïŒïŒã ãã®åŸãè«åãè
žããã¹ãæ£ããšã措庵ãããä¹å
¬ã¯ãåã®ç
æ°ãå±¹ãšèšºãŠããã蚺ãŠããããã©ããä¹å
¬ãèªåã§åŠæ¹ããããšã¯åºæ¥ãªããäœåã«ãè¿·ããŠããŸãããã®è¬ãã®è¬ãšè¿·ããŠãããšã«ãªã£ãŠããã§ããªãã£ããšèšã£ãŠãŸãè¬ã®å æžããããšãããããªèš³ãã§ãããŸãã«ã¯äœã®çæ²»ããããèš³ããåããã¬ããã«ãªããšããã®ã¯äººæ
ã®å
ãã¬ããšã§ãããããç
ã¯èšºãŠãããå·åã¯å€ã®å»è
ã«é Œãããã®ã€ããã«ããŠå±
ããïŒèªäŒïŒãšåãããã措庵ã®æåãå
è€æ°éŠ¬ããåŠçœ®ãæœãããäœåãå埩ããããããŠãäžæäžæŽ¥ãžåž°åœããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 1d7b05b3dd |
|
000000933 | 倧éªåžçŠå³¶åºã®çŠæŸ€è«åçèªã®å°èšå¿µç¢ | å®æ¿2幎ïŒ1855幎ïŒãè«åã¯ãã®å±±æ¬å®¶ã玹ä»ãã奥平壱å²ãããã®å®å®¶ã§ãã奥平家ïŒäžæŽ¥è©å®¶èã®å®¶æïŒãšäžåã«ãªããäžæŽ¥ãžæ»ãããã«ãšã®ç¥ãããå±ãããããè«åæ¬äººã¯å幎ã«äžæŽ¥ãåºç«ãããšãããäžæŽ¥ãžæ»ãã€ãããªã©æ¯é ãªãã倧åãçµãŠæ±æžãžåºãèšç»ã匷è¡ããã倧åãžå°çãããšããã€ãŠã®ç¶ãšåããäžæŽ¥è©èµå±æ·ã«åããŠããå
ã蚪ããããããšå
ãããæ±æžãžã¯è¡ããªããšåŒãæ¢ãããã倧åã§èåŠãåŠã¶ãã説åŸããããããã§è«åã¯å€§åã®äžæŽ¥è©èµå±æ·ã«å±
åããªãããåœæãéæçºã®å
çããšåŒã°ããä»ãå§åããŠãã足å®è©äžå£«ã§èåŠè
ã»ç·æ¹æŽªåºµã®ãé©å¡Ÿãã§åŠã¶ããšãšãªã£ãïŒæ§æŠ3æ9æ¥ïŒ4æ25æ¥ïŒïŒã ãã®åŸãè«åãè
žããã¹ãæ£ããšã措庵ãããä¹å
¬ã¯ãåã®ç
æ°ãå±¹ãšèšºãŠããã蚺ãŠããããã©ããä¹å
¬ãèªåã§åŠæ¹ããããšã¯åºæ¥ãªããäœåã«ãè¿·ããŠããŸãããã®è¬ãã®è¬ãšè¿·ããŠãããšã«ãªã£ãŠããã§ããªãã£ããšèšã£ãŠãŸãè¬ã®å æžããããšãããããªèš³ãã§ãããŸãã«ã¯äœã®çæ²»ããããèš³ããåããã¬ããã«ãªããšããã®ã¯äººæ
ã®å
ãã¬ããšã§ãããããç
ã¯èšºãŠãããå·åã¯å€ã®å»è
ã«é Œãããã®ã€ããã«ããŠå±
ããïŒèªäŒïŒãšåãããã措庵ã®æåãå
è€æ°éŠ¬ããåŠçœ®ãæœãããäœåãå埩ããããããŠãäžæäžæŽ¥ãžåž°åœããã å®æ¿3幎ïŒ1856幎ïŒãè«åã¯åã³å€§åãžåºãŠåŠã¶ãå幎ãå
ãæ»ã«çŠæŸ€å®¶ã®å®¶ç£ãç¶ãããšã«ãªããããã倧åéåŠãè«Šãããããç¶ã®èµæžã家財éå
·ã売ãæã£ãŠåéãå®æžããããšãæ¯ä»¥å€ã®èŠªé¡ããå察ãããããããæŒãåã£ãŠå€§åã®é©å¡Ÿã§åŠãã ãåŠè²»ãæãçµæžåã¯ãªãã£ããããè«åã奥平壱å²ããåãåããŠå¯ãã«çåããç¯ååŠã®æç§æžïŒC.M.H.Pel,Handleiding tot de Kennis der Versterkingskunst,Hertogenboschã1852幎ïŒã翻蚳ãããšããåç®ã§é©å¡Ÿã®é£å®¢ïŒäœã¿èŸŒã¿åŠçïŒãšããŠåŠã¶ããšãšãªãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | b4d72c493f |
|
000000934 | æä¹
2幎ïŒ1862幎ïŒãããªã®ãã©ã³ã¹åœç«èªç¶å²åç©é€šã«ãŠæ®åœ±ïŒæ±äº¬å€§åŠå²æç·šçºæèµ | å®æ¿6幎ïŒ1859幎ïŒã®å¬ãå¹åºã¯æ¥ç±³ä¿®å¥œéåæ¡çŽã®æ¹å亀æã®ãããå¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ïŒäžå»¶å
幎é£ç±³äœ¿ç¯ïŒãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«æŽŸé£ããããšã«ããã ãã®æŽŸé£ã¯ã岩ç¬å¿ éã®å»ºèšã§é²ãããã䜿çšããè¹ã¯ç±³è»èŠãããŒãã¿ã³å·ãããã®è·è¡è¹ãšããŠãåžèšäžžãã決ãŸã£ãã çŠæŸ€è«åã¯ç¥äººã®æ¡å·ç«åšãä»ããŠè»èŠå¥è¡ã»æšææ接å®ã®åŸè
ãšããŠãã®äœ¿ç¯å£ã«å ããæ©äŒãåŸãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | b9857aca9b |
|
000000935 | åžèšäžžé£èªã®å³ïŒéŽè€å次éç»ïŒ | å®æ¿6幎ïŒ1859幎ïŒã®å¬ãå¹åºã¯æ¥ç±³ä¿®å¥œéåæ¡çŽã®æ¹å亀æã®ãããå¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ïŒäžå»¶å
幎é£ç±³äœ¿ç¯ïŒãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«æŽŸé£ããããšã«ããã ãã®æŽŸé£ã¯ã岩ç¬å¿ éã®å»ºèšã§é²ãããã䜿çšããè¹ã¯ç±³è»èŠãããŒãã¿ã³å·ãããã®è·è¡è¹ãšããŠãåžèšäžžãã決ãŸã£ãã çŠæŸ€è«åã¯ç¥äººã®æ¡å·ç«åšãä»ããŠè»èŠå¥è¡ã»æšææ接å®ã®åŸè
ãšããŠãã®äœ¿ç¯å£ã«å ããæ©äŒãåŸãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 122b899945 |
|
000000936 | çŠæŸ€è«åãšã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å°å¥³ããªããŒã©ã»ã¢ãªã¹ã»ã·ã§ãŠãäžå»¶å
幎ïŒ1860幎ïŒãç±³åœãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³ã«ãŠãïŒæ
¶æ矩塟çŠæŸ€ç 究ã»ã³ã¿ãŒæèµïŒ | å®æ¿6幎ïŒ1859幎ïŒã®å¬ãå¹åºã¯æ¥ç±³ä¿®å¥œéåæ¡çŽã®æ¹å亀æã®ãããå¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ïŒäžå»¶å
幎é£ç±³äœ¿ç¯ïŒãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«æŽŸé£ããããšã«ããã ãã®æŽŸé£ã¯ã岩ç¬å¿ éã®å»ºèšã§é²ãããã䜿çšããè¹ã¯ç±³è»èŠãããŒãã¿ã³å·ãããã®è·è¡è¹ãšããŠãåžèšäžžãã決ãŸã£ãã çŠæŸ€è«åã¯ç¥äººã®æ¡å·ç«åšãä»ããŠè»èŠå¥è¡ã»æšææ接å®ã®åŸè
ãšããŠãã®äœ¿ç¯å£ã«å ããæ©äŒãåŸãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | a4d9b7ed6e |
|
000000937 | æä¹
2幎ïŒ1862幎ïŒæ±æžå¹åºäœ¿ç¯ãšããŠãšãŒãããæŽèšªã®éãã«ãªã³ã«ãŠã | æä¹
å
幎ïŒ1861幎ïŒãçŠæŸ€è«åã¯äžæŽ¥è©å£«ãåå²å€ªéå
«ã®æ¬¡å¥³ã»ãéŠãšçµå©ãããå幎12æãå¹åºã¯ç«¹å
ä¿åŸ³ãæ£äœ¿ãšããå¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ïŒæä¹
é£æ¬§äœ¿ç¯ïŒãçµæãã欧å·ååœãžæŽŸé£ããããšã«ãããè«åãã翻蚳æ¹ãã®ã¡ã³ããŒãšããŠãã®å¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ã«å ããåè¡ããããšã«ãªã£ãããã®æã®åè¡è
ã«ã¯ä»ã«ãæŸæšåŒå®ãç®äœç§åªããªã©ãããŠãç·å¢40人ã»ã©ã®äœ¿ç¯å£ã§ãã£ãã æä¹
å
幎ïŒ1861幎ïŒ12æ23æ¥ãå¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ã¯è±èŠããªãŒãã£ã³å·ïŒè±èªçïŒãã«ä¹ã£ãŠåå·ãåºæž¯ããã 12æ29æ¥ãé·åŽã«å¯æž¯ããããã§ç³çãªã©ãè£çµŠãããæä¹
äºå¹ŽïŒ1862幎ïŒ1æ1æ¥ãé·åŽãåºæž¯ãã1æ6æ¥ãéŠæž¯ã«å¯æž¯ãããå¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ã¯ããã§6æ¥éã»ã©æ»åšããããéŠæž¯ã§æ€æ°å°äž»çŸ©ã»åžåœäž»çŸ©ãå¹ãèããŠããã®ãç®ã®åœããã«ããã€ã®ãªã¹äººãäžåœäººãç¬ç«åç¶ã«æ±ãããšã«åŒ·ãè¡æãåããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 342d232246 |
|
000000938 | æä¹
2幎ïŒ1862幎ïŒãªã©ã³ãã«ãŠãå³ããæŽç°è²å€ªéãçŠæŸ€è«åã倪ç°æºäžéãçŠç°äœå€ªé | æä¹
å
幎ïŒ1861幎ïŒãçŠæŸ€è«åã¯äžæŽ¥è©å£«ãåå²å€ªéå
«ã®æ¬¡å¥³ã»ãéŠãšçµå©ãããå幎12æãå¹åºã¯ç«¹å
ä¿åŸ³ãæ£äœ¿ãšããå¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ïŒæä¹
é£æ¬§äœ¿ç¯ïŒãçµæãã欧å·ååœãžæŽŸé£ããããšã«ãããè«åãã翻蚳æ¹ãã®ã¡ã³ããŒãšããŠãã®å¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ã«å ããåè¡ããããšã«ãªã£ãããã®æã®åè¡è
ã«ã¯ä»ã«ãæŸæšåŒå®ãç®äœç§åªããªã©ãããŠãç·å¢40人ã»ã©ã®äœ¿ç¯å£ã§ãã£ãã æä¹
å
幎ïŒ1861幎ïŒ12æ23æ¥ãå¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ã¯è±èŠããªãŒãã£ã³å·ïŒè±èªçïŒãã«ä¹ã£ãŠåå·ãåºæž¯ããã 12æ29æ¥ãé·åŽã«å¯æž¯ããããã§ç³çãªã©ãè£çµŠãããæä¹
äºå¹ŽïŒ1862幎ïŒ1æ1æ¥ãé·åŽãåºæž¯ãã1æ6æ¥ãéŠæž¯ã«å¯æž¯ãããå¹åºäœ¿ç¯å£ã¯ããã§6æ¥éã»ã©æ»åšããããéŠæž¯ã§æ€æ°å°äž»çŸ©ã»åžåœäž»çŸ©ãå¹ãèããŠããã®ãç®ã®åœããã«ããã€ã®ãªã¹äººãäžåœäººãç¬ç«åç¶ã«æ±ãããšã«åŒ·ãè¡æãåããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 82510b649b |
|
000000939 | ææ²»20幎ïŒ1887幎ïŒããã®èå | ææ²»7幎ïŒ1874幎ïŒãæ¿å£éå©ã»åŸè€è±¡äºéã»æ±è€æ°å¹³ãéã«äžãããé«ç¥ã®ç«å¿åŠèã«éäžçãæåž«ãšããŠæŽŸé£ããã»ããåŸè€ã®æ¿æ²»æŽ»åãæ¯æŽããåœäŒéèšéåã®å
é ã«ç«ã£ãŠãéµäŸ¿å ±ç¥æ°èãã«ãåœäŒè«ããšé¡ãã瀟説ãæ²èŒãç¹ã«åŸè€ã«ã¯å€§å€å
¥ã蟌ã¿ãåŸè€ã®å€«äººã«çŽæ¥æ¯æŽã®æšãèªãã»ã©ã ã£ããå幎ãå°äžæµªäººã ã£ã岩åŽåŒ¥å€ªéãšé¢äŒãã匥倪éã山垫ã§ã¯ãªããšè©äŸ¡ããè«åã¯ãäžè±åäŒã«ãèç°å¹³äºéãè±å·è¯å¹³ãšãã£ãéäžãæå
¥ããã»ããåŸè€ã®çµå¶ããé«å³¶çé±ã岩åŽã«è²·ãåãããããŸããæåœç€Ÿããé ŒãŸããŠãåœäŒãéèšããã®å
å¯ãäžé¡ããæžãã®èµ·èã«å©åããã ææ²»9幎ïŒ1876幎ïŒ2æãè«åã¯ææã«ããŠãã森æ瀌ã®å±æ·ã§å¯ºå³¶å®åãç®äœç§åªããšãšãã«ãåããŠå€§ä¹
ä¿å©éãšäŒè«ããããã®ãšãã®è«åã«ã€ããŠå€§ä¹
ä¿ã¯æ¥èšã®äžã§ãçš®ã
è«è©±æä¹é¢çœããæµç³æåã«æ¥ããããšæžããŠãããè«åã«ãããšæ©é€ã®ããšã«å€§ä¹
ä¿ãã倩äžæµè¡ã®æ°æš©è«ãå®ããããã©äººæ°ãæ¿åºã«åãã£ãŠæš©å©ãäºããªãããŸãããã«äŒŽã矩åããªããŠã¯ãªãã¬ããšè¿°ã¹ãããšã«ã€ããŠãè«åã¯å€§ä¹
ä¿ãèªåãæ°æš©è«è
ã®éŠéã®ããã«èª€è§£ããŠãããšæãïŒè«åã¯åœäŒéèšè«è
ã§ããããè¥å¹²ã®æ°æš©è«ãå±ããŠã¯ããããéæ¿ãªæ°æš©è«è
ã«ã¯åžžã«åŠå®çã§ãã£ãïŒãæ°æš©éåãæŽããèã®å·£ã«äŸããŠãèã®ä»²éã«å
¥ã£ãŠé£å Žãå
±ã«ããªãã°ããããä»æ¥åãæ°æš©å®¶ãšéå®ããçŠæŸ€ãçå®ãªäººç©ã§åãã«ãšã£ãŠé Œãããæããå Žåãããã§ããããã幟éã«ãå®å¿ããªããããšåçãããšããã ææ²»13幎ïŒ1880幎ïŒ12æã«ã¯åè°ã®å€§ééä¿¡éžã§å€§éãäŒè€åæãäºäžéŠšãšããæ¿åºé«å®3人ãšäŒèŠããå
¬å ±æ°èã®çºè¡ãäŸé Œããããè«åã¯ãã®å Žã§ã®è«ŸåŠãä¿çããŠæ°æ¥çèãããããæ¿åºã®çæã倧è¡ã«èªç¥ãããã ãã®æ°èã§ã¯ç¡æå³ããšèããèŸéããããšææ²»14幎ïŒ1881幎ïŒ1æã«äºäžã蚪åããããããäºäžããæ¿åºã¯åœäŒéèšã®æ±ºæãåºããããšèªã£ãããšã§è«åã¯ãã®è±æã«æåããæ°èçºè¡ãåŒãåããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | f8d56fae8d |
|
000000940 | è«åã®é·ç·ã»çŠæŸ€äžå€ªéãæ
¶æ矩塟åŠé ãåãã | åœæã®è«åã®çæã¯ãæ¯åã®çŠæŸ€äžå€ªéå®ãŠã®æžç°¡ïŒ1884幎12æ21æ¥ïŒã«ããæé®®äºå€ä¹å®ãç³ãããæ¥æ¬å
¬äœ¿å¹·ãæ¥æ¬å
µããåäºæå
æ¥æ¯é£å
µä¹çºã京åãéåºãããä»å·ãžéãããèš³ãªããæ¥æ¯å
µå¡ä¹å€å¯¡ãããå
±ãæ¥æ¬äººãæ¯é£äººãè² ãããšç³ãéé¢ä»¥æ¥åãŠä¹äºãªããäœããã ããŠã¯äžçžæžäºãªãããåæŠä¹åãããä»åŸåæãäžæäžãå
¬ç¶ããäºãååããã«çªºããã ææ²»27幎ïŒ1894幎ïŒ3æã«æ¥æ¬äº¡åœäžã®éçåãæé®®æ¿åºã«äžæµ·ã«ãã³ãåºãããŠæ殺ãããäºä»¶ããããåã³æ¥æ¬åœå
ã®äž»æŠè«ãé«ãŸã£ããè«åãéçåã®æ»ãæŒã¿ãçžèã®å§ã«æ³åãšäœçãäœãããŠèªå®¶ã®ä»å£ã«å®çœ®ããŠãããå幎4æãã5æã«ãããŠæ±åŠå
ã®ä¹±é®å§ãçç±ã«æž
ãæé®®ãžã®åºå
µãéå§ãããšãæ¥æ¬æ¿åºãããã«å¯ŸæããŠæé®®ãžåºå
µããã€ãã«æ¥æž
ã¯éæŠã«è³ã£ãïŒæ¥æž
æŠäºïŒãè«åã¯çµå§ãæäºæ°å ±ã§ã®èšè«ããã£ãŠç±å¿ã«æ¿åºãšè»ãæ¯æããŠæŠäºéè¡ãæ¿å±ããã åœäŒéèšä»¥æ¥ãæ¿åºãšåžåœè°äŒã¯äºããããšã«å¯Ÿç«ããããïŒå»ºèŠè²»åŠæ±ºãªã©ïŒããããæ¥æ¬ã®å€äº€åã®åŒ±ãã«ãªã£ãŠçŸããæž
ã«ãšã£ãŠãã°ãã°æå©ã«åãããè«åã¯æŠäºã§ããã®çŸè±¡ãçããããšãææ
®ããéæŠæ©ã
ã«æäºæ°å ±äžã§ãæ¥æ¬è£æ°ã®èŠæããçºè¡šããå®æ°ãšãã«æ¿æ²»äžã®æ©è®ãå¿ããäºããæ¥æ¬è£æ°ã¯äºã®çµå±ã«è³ããŸã§æ
ãã§æ¿åºã®æ¿ç¥ãæ¹å€ãã¹ããããäºãã人æ°çžäºã«å ±åœã®çŸ©ã奚å±ããå
¶çŸæã称è³ããåéã
ã«èªããå ªå¿ãã¹ãäºãã蚎ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 6b04885dfa |
|
000000941 | 1901幎ïŒææ²»34幎ïŒã®è«å | è«åã¯æ¥æž
æŠäºåŸã®æ©å¹Žã«ãååã«3æéãã4æéãååŸã«2æéã¯å匷ãããŸãå±
åãç±³æããç¶ããææãŸã§ç¡é äœãªèæžçãšãã£ã颚ã®ç掻ãéã£ããšããããã®ãããŸã§ã«ã¯æ
¶æ矩塟ã¯å€§åŠéšãèšããŠç·çåŸæ°ãåæ°çŸäººãšãã巚倧åŠæ ¡ãšãªã£ãŠããããŸãæäºæ°å ±ãä¿¡çšã®åã倧æ°èãšãªã£ãŠããã æ©å¹Žã®è«åã®äž»ãªæŽ»åã«ã¯æµ·è»æ¡åŒµã®å¿
èŠæ§ã匷調ããèšè«ãè¡ã£ãããç·å¥³é埳ã®äžæ°ãäŒå³ããŠã女倧åŠè©è« æ°å¥³å€§åŠããèããããåéæŽäžéã®äŒæç
ç 究æã®èšç«ãæŽå©ãããããããšãªã©ãæããããããŸãææ²»30幎ïŒ1897幎ïŒ8æ6æ¥ã«æ¥åæé ã«éã£ãæçŽã®äžã«ã¯å
±ç£äž»çŸ©ã®å°é ãæãæçŽãæ®ããŠããã è«åã¯ææ²»31幎ïŒ1898幎ïŒ9æ26æ¥ãæåã«è³æº¢è¡ã§åãäžæå±ç¯€ã«é¥ããããã®ãšãã«ã¯å埩ããããã®åŸãæ
¶æ矩塟ã®ã修身èŠé ããç·šçºããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 321808e9a9 |
|
000000942 | æ
¶æ矩塟æ§å
ã®çŠæŸ€è«åéžïŒæå20幎ã®ç©ºè¥²ã§çŒå€±ïŒ | è«åã¯æ¥æž
æŠäºåŸã®æ©å¹Žã«ãååã«3æéãã4æéãååŸã«2æéã¯å匷ãããŸãå±
åãç±³æããç¶ããææãŸã§ç¡é äœãªèæžçãšãã£ã颚ã®ç掻ãéã£ããšããããã®ãããŸã§ã«ã¯æ
¶æ矩塟ã¯å€§åŠéšãèšããŠç·çåŸæ°ãåæ°çŸäººãšãã巚倧åŠæ ¡ãšãªã£ãŠããããŸãæäºæ°å ±ãä¿¡çšã®åã倧æ°èãšãªã£ãŠããã æ©å¹Žã®è«åã®äž»ãªæŽ»åã«ã¯æµ·è»æ¡åŒµã®å¿
èŠæ§ã匷調ããèšè«ãè¡ã£ãããç·å¥³é埳ã®äžæ°ãäŒå³ããŠã女倧åŠè©è« æ°å¥³å€§åŠããèããããåéæŽäžéã®äŒæç
ç 究æã®èšç«ãæŽå©ãããããããšãªã©ãæããããããŸãææ²»30幎ïŒ1897幎ïŒ8æ6æ¥ã«æ¥åæé ã«éã£ãæçŽã®äžã«ã¯å
±ç£äž»çŸ©ã®å°é ãæãæçŽãæ®ããŠããã è«åã¯ææ²»31幎ïŒ1898幎ïŒ9æ26æ¥ãæåã«è³æº¢è¡ã§åãäžæå±ç¯€ã«é¥ããããã®ãšãã«ã¯å埩ããããã®åŸãæ
¶æ矩塟ã®ã修身èŠé ããç·šçºããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 2ce3e9e2e1 |
|
000000943 | è«åéžã®è·¡å°ã«ããçŠæŸ€å
¬åãææ²»æ代ã«ã¯ãã®å Žæããæ±äº¬æ¹Ÿãäžæã§ããã | è«åã¯æ¥æž
æŠäºåŸã®æ©å¹Žã«ãååã«3æéãã4æéãååŸã«2æéã¯å匷ãããŸãå±
åãç±³æããç¶ããææãŸã§ç¡é äœãªèæžçãšãã£ã颚ã®ç掻ãéã£ããšããããã®ãããŸã§ã«ã¯æ
¶æ矩塟ã¯å€§åŠéšãèšããŠç·çåŸæ°ãåæ°çŸäººãšãã巚倧åŠæ ¡ãšãªã£ãŠããããŸãæäºæ°å ±ãä¿¡çšã®åã倧æ°èãšãªã£ãŠããã æ©å¹Žã®è«åã®äž»ãªæŽ»åã«ã¯æµ·è»æ¡åŒµã®å¿
èŠæ§ã匷調ããèšè«ãè¡ã£ãããç·å¥³é埳ã®äžæ°ãäŒå³ããŠã女倧åŠè©è« æ°å¥³å€§åŠããèããããåéæŽäžéã®äŒæç
ç 究æã®èšç«ãæŽå©ãããããããšãªã©ãæããããããŸãææ²»30幎ïŒ1897幎ïŒ8æ6æ¥ã«æ¥åæé ã«éã£ãæçŽã®äžã«ã¯å
±ç£äž»çŸ©ã®å°é ãæãæçŽãæ®ããŠããã è«åã¯ææ²»31幎ïŒ1898幎ïŒ9æ26æ¥ãæåã«è³æº¢è¡ã§åãäžæå±ç¯€ã«é¥ããããã®ãšãã«ã¯å埩ããããã®åŸãæ
¶æ矩塟ã®ã修身èŠé ããç·šçºããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | afbcc5a62d |
|
000000944 | è«åã銬ãç¹ãã ãšäŒãããã銬çç³ | è«åã¯æ¥æž
æŠäºåŸã®æ©å¹Žã«ãååã«3æéãã4æéãååŸã«2æéã¯å匷ãããŸãå±
åãç±³æããç¶ããææãŸã§ç¡é äœãªèæžçãšãã£ã颚ã®ç掻ãéã£ããšããããã®ãããŸã§ã«ã¯æ
¶æ矩塟ã¯å€§åŠéšãèšããŠç·çåŸæ°ãåæ°çŸäººãšãã巚倧åŠæ ¡ãšãªã£ãŠããããŸãæäºæ°å ±ãä¿¡çšã®åã倧æ°èãšãªã£ãŠããã æ©å¹Žã®è«åã®äž»ãªæŽ»åã«ã¯æµ·è»æ¡åŒµã®å¿
èŠæ§ã匷調ããèšè«ãè¡ã£ãããç·å¥³é埳ã®äžæ°ãäŒå³ããŠã女倧åŠè©è« æ°å¥³å€§åŠããèããããåéæŽäžéã®äŒæç
ç 究æã®èšç«ãæŽå©ãããããããšãªã©ãæããããããŸãææ²»30幎ïŒ1897幎ïŒ8æ6æ¥ã«æ¥åæé ã«éã£ãæçŽã®äžã«ã¯å
±ç£äž»çŸ©ã®å°é ãæãæçŽãæ®ããŠããã è«åã¯ææ²»31幎ïŒ1898幎ïŒ9æ26æ¥ãæåã«è³æº¢è¡ã§åãäžæå±ç¯€ã«é¥ããããã®ãšãã«ã¯å埩ããããã®åŸãæ
¶æ矩塟ã®ã修身èŠé ããç·šçºããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 2b5c54df4a |
|
000000945 | çŠæŸ€è«åã»å°å¹¡ç¯€æ¬¡éå
±èãåŠåã®ããããïŒåçã1872å¹ŽïŒ | è«åã¯æ¥æž
æŠäºåŸã®æ©å¹Žã«ãååã«3æéãã4æéãååŸã«2æéã¯å匷ãããŸãå±
åãç±³æããç¶ããææãŸã§ç¡é äœãªèæžçãšãã£ã颚ã®ç掻ãéã£ããšããããã®ãããŸã§ã«ã¯æ
¶æ矩塟ã¯å€§åŠéšãèšããŠç·çåŸæ°ãåæ°çŸäººãšãã巚倧åŠæ ¡ãšãªã£ãŠããããŸãæäºæ°å ±ãä¿¡çšã®åã倧æ°èãšãªã£ãŠããã æ©å¹Žã®è«åã®äž»ãªæŽ»åã«ã¯æµ·è»æ¡åŒµã®å¿
èŠæ§ã匷調ããèšè«ãè¡ã£ãããç·å¥³é埳ã®äžæ°ãäŒå³ããŠã女倧åŠè©è« æ°å¥³å€§åŠããèããããåéæŽäžéã®äŒæç
ç 究æã®èšç«ãæŽå©ãããããããšãªã©ãæããããããŸãææ²»30幎ïŒ1897幎ïŒ8æ6æ¥ã«æ¥åæé ã«éã£ãæçŽã®äžã«ã¯å
±ç£äž»çŸ©ã®å°é ãæãæçŽãæ®ããŠããã è«åã¯ææ²»31幎ïŒ1898幎ïŒ9æ26æ¥ãæåã«è³æº¢è¡ã§åãäžæå±ç¯€ã«é¥ããããã®ãšãã«ã¯å埩ããããã®åŸãæ
¶æ矩塟ã®ã修身èŠé ããç·šçºããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 0c86a7cbc9 |
|
000000946 | çŠæŸ€è«åã®è¬å | è«åã¯æ¥æž
æŠäºåŸã®æ©å¹Žã«ãååã«3æéãã4æéãååŸã«2æéã¯å匷ãããŸãå±
åãç±³æããç¶ããææãŸã§ç¡é äœãªèæžçãšãã£ã颚ã®ç掻ãéã£ããšããããã®ãããŸã§ã«ã¯æ
¶æ矩塟ã¯å€§åŠéšãèšããŠç·çåŸæ°ãåæ°çŸäººãšãã巚倧åŠæ ¡ãšãªã£ãŠããããŸãæäºæ°å ±ãä¿¡çšã®åã倧æ°èãšãªã£ãŠããã æ©å¹Žã®è«åã®äž»ãªæŽ»åã«ã¯æµ·è»æ¡åŒµã®å¿
èŠæ§ã匷調ããèšè«ãè¡ã£ãããç·å¥³é埳ã®äžæ°ãäŒå³ããŠã女倧åŠè©è« æ°å¥³å€§åŠããèããããåéæŽäžéã®äŒæç
ç 究æã®èšç«ãæŽå©ãããããããšãªã©ãæããããããŸãææ²»30幎ïŒ1897幎ïŒ8æ6æ¥ã«æ¥åæé ã«éã£ãæçŽã®äžã«ã¯å
±ç£äž»çŸ©ã®å°é ãæãæçŽãæ®ããŠããã è«åã¯ææ²»31幎ïŒ1898幎ïŒ9æ26æ¥ãæåã«è³æº¢è¡ã§åãäžæå±ç¯€ã«é¥ããããã®ãšãã«ã¯å埩ããããã®åŸãæ
¶æ矩塟ã®ã修身èŠé ããç·šçºããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 7adeeeaa37 |
|
000000947 | ç¥æžç¥ç€Ÿåã«ããçŠæŸ€è«åã®å | è«åã¯ãæ±æŽã®æ§ç¿ã«åŠå·ã西æŽææãæãè
ãæ¹å€ããããåŠåã®ããããã®äžã§ãææã®é²æ©ã¯ã倩å°ã®éã«ããæ圢ã®ç©ã«ãŠãç¡åœ¢ã®äººäºã«ãŠããå
¶åã®è¶£ã詮玢ããŠçå®ãçºæããã«åšãã西æŽè«žåœæ°ã®äººæ°ãä»æ¥ã®ææã«éãããå
¶æºãå°ãã°ãåã®äžç¹ããåºã§ãããã®ãªããä¹ã圌ã®äºçŽ°äºè«žå·ã®äººæ°ããèèªåŠèª¬ã軜信ããŠå·«è ±ç¥ä»ã«æ溺ããæãã¯æè¬èè³¢è
ïŒååãªã©ïŒã®èšãèãŠäžæã«ä¹ã«åããã®ã¿ãªãããäžäžã®åŸã«è³ãŠå°å
¶èšã®ç¯å²ãè±ããããšèœã¯ãããã®ã«æ¯ããã°ãå
¶åè¡ã®åªå£ãå¿åã®åæ¯ãåºãã幎ãåããŠèªãå¯ããããªããããšè«ããŠããã ãšãããæž
ãäžåœäººã®è¥¿æŽåã»è¿ä»£åãžã®æ æ
¢ã¶ããæ¹å€ãããææ²»14幎ïŒ1881幎ïŒã«ã¯äžåœäººã¯100幎ãåãã西æŽãšæ¥ããŠããããšãå眮ãããäžã§ãçŸå¹Žã®ä¹
ãã西æŽã®æžãè¬ããè
ããªãã西æŽã®åšåãè©Šçšããè
ããªããå
¶æ¹æ°ã®ç·©æ
¢é
éãå®ã«é©ãã«å ªãããããç¢ç«æ¯é£äººãå
¶åœã®åºå€§ãªããèªè² ããŠä»ãèèŠããäžæ°å幎æ¥é°éœäºè¡ã®åŠèª¬ã«æ溺ããŠç©äºã®ççååãæ±ãã®éµãæŸæ²ãããã®çœªãªãããšæããŠããã ãã®ãããªè«åã«ãšã£ãŠæ¥æž
æŠäºã¯ããæ¥æ¬ã®åœæš©æ¡åŒµã®ããã®æŠäºã§ããããšåæã«ã西æŽåŠãšåæã®ææ³æŠäºãã§ããã£ããè«åã¯è±å³¶æ²æµ·æŠçŽåŸã®ææ²»27幎ïŒ1894幎ïŒ7æ29æ¥ã«æäºæ°å ±ã§æ¥æž
æŠäºã«ã€ããŠãæéã®æŠäºããææéåã®é²æ©ãè¬ããã®ãšå
¶é²æ©ã劚ãããšãããã®ã®æŠããšå®çŸ©ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 3bc9e042bd |
|
000000948 | çŠæŸ€è«ååïŒäžç°ïŒ | è«åã¯ãæ±æŽã®æ§ç¿ã«åŠå·ã西æŽææãæãè
ãæ¹å€ããããåŠåã®ããããã®äžã§ãææã®é²æ©ã¯ã倩å°ã®éã«ããæ圢ã®ç©ã«ãŠãç¡åœ¢ã®äººäºã«ãŠããå
¶åã®è¶£ã詮玢ããŠçå®ãçºæããã«åšãã西æŽè«žåœæ°ã®äººæ°ãä»æ¥ã®ææã«éãããå
¶æºãå°ãã°ãåã®äžç¹ããåºã§ãããã®ãªããä¹ã圌ã®äºçŽ°äºè«žå·ã®äººæ°ããèèªåŠèª¬ã軜信ããŠå·«è ±ç¥ä»ã«æ溺ããæãã¯æè¬èè³¢è
ïŒååãªã©ïŒã®èšãèãŠäžæã«ä¹ã«åããã®ã¿ãªãããäžäžã®åŸã«è³ãŠå°å
¶èšã®ç¯å²ãè±ããããšèœã¯ãããã®ã«æ¯ããã°ãå
¶åè¡ã®åªå£ãå¿åã®åæ¯ãåºãã幎ãåããŠèªãå¯ããããªããããšè«ããŠããã ãšãããæž
ãäžåœäººã®è¥¿æŽåã»è¿ä»£åãžã®æ æ
¢ã¶ããæ¹å€ãããææ²»14幎ïŒ1881幎ïŒã«ã¯äžåœäººã¯100幎ãåãã西æŽãšæ¥ããŠããããšãå眮ãããäžã§ãçŸå¹Žã®ä¹
ãã西æŽã®æžãè¬ããè
ããªãã西æŽã®åšåãè©Šçšããè
ããªããå
¶æ¹æ°ã®ç·©æ
¢é
éãå®ã«é©ãã«å ªãããããç¢ç«æ¯é£äººãå
¶åœã®åºå€§ãªããèªè² ããŠä»ãèèŠããäžæ°å幎æ¥é°éœäºè¡ã®åŠèª¬ã«æ溺ããŠç©äºã®ççååãæ±ãã®éµãæŸæ²ãããã®çœªãªãããšæããŠããã ãã®ãããªè«åã«ãšã£ãŠæ¥æž
æŠäºã¯ããæ¥æ¬ã®åœæš©æ¡åŒµã®ããã®æŠäºã§ããããšåæã«ã西æŽåŠãšåæã®ææ³æŠäºãã§ããã£ããè«åã¯è±å³¶æ²æµ·æŠçŽåŸã®ææ²»27幎ïŒ1894幎ïŒ7æ29æ¥ã«æäºæ°å ±ã§æ¥æž
æŠäºã«ã€ããŠãæéã®æŠäºããææéåã®é²æ©ãè¬ããã®ãšå
¶é²æ©ã劚ãããšãããã®ã®æŠããšå®çŸ©ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 471aa1e1e0 |
|
000000949 | çŠæŸ€è«ååïŒæ¥åïŒ | è«åã¯ãæ±æŽã®æ§ç¿ã«åŠå·ã西æŽææãæãè
ãæ¹å€ããããåŠåã®ããããã®äžã§ãææã®é²æ©ã¯ã倩å°ã®éã«ããæ圢ã®ç©ã«ãŠãç¡åœ¢ã®äººäºã«ãŠããå
¶åã®è¶£ã詮玢ããŠçå®ãçºæããã«åšãã西æŽè«žåœæ°ã®äººæ°ãä»æ¥ã®ææã«éãããå
¶æºãå°ãã°ãåã®äžç¹ããåºã§ãããã®ãªããä¹ã圌ã®äºçŽ°äºè«žå·ã®äººæ°ããèèªåŠèª¬ã軜信ããŠå·«è ±ç¥ä»ã«æ溺ããæãã¯æè¬èè³¢è
ïŒååãªã©ïŒã®èšãèãŠäžæã«ä¹ã«åããã®ã¿ãªãããäžäžã®åŸã«è³ãŠå°å
¶èšã®ç¯å²ãè±ããããšèœã¯ãããã®ã«æ¯ããã°ãå
¶åè¡ã®åªå£ãå¿åã®åæ¯ãåºãã幎ãåããŠèªãå¯ããããªããããšè«ããŠããã ãšãããæž
ãäžåœäººã®è¥¿æŽåã»è¿ä»£åãžã®æ æ
¢ã¶ããæ¹å€ãããææ²»14幎ïŒ1881幎ïŒã«ã¯äžåœäººã¯100幎ãåãã西æŽãšæ¥ããŠããããšãå眮ãããäžã§ãçŸå¹Žã®ä¹
ãã西æŽã®æžãè¬ããè
ããªãã西æŽã®åšåãè©Šçšããè
ããªããå
¶æ¹æ°ã®ç·©æ
¢é
éãå®ã«é©ãã«å ªãããããç¢ç«æ¯é£äººãå
¶åœã®åºå€§ãªããèªè² ããŠä»ãèèŠããäžæ°å幎æ¥é°éœäºè¡ã®åŠèª¬ã«æ溺ããŠç©äºã®ççååãæ±ãã®éµãæŸæ²ãããã®çœªãªãããšæããŠããã ãã®ãããªè«åã«ãšã£ãŠæ¥æž
æŠäºã¯ããæ¥æ¬ã®åœæš©æ¡åŒµã®ããã®æŠäºã§ããããšåæã«ã西æŽåŠãšåæã®ææ³æŠäºãã§ããã£ããè«åã¯è±å³¶æ²æµ·æŠçŽåŸã®ææ²»27幎ïŒ1894幎ïŒ7æ29æ¥ã«æäºæ°å ±ã§æ¥æž
æŠäºã«ã€ããŠãæéã®æŠäºããææéåã®é²æ©ãè¬ããã®ãšå
¶é²æ©ã劚ãããšãããã®ã®æŠããšå®çŸ©ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 2407ac752e |
|
000000950 | çŠæŸ€éŠŽæã¿ã®é
å±ã接åå±ãäžç°ã«çŸå | è«åã¯ãæ±æŽã®æ§ç¿ã«åŠå·ã西æŽææãæãè
ãæ¹å€ããããåŠåã®ããããã®äžã§ãææã®é²æ©ã¯ã倩å°ã®éã«ããæ圢ã®ç©ã«ãŠãç¡åœ¢ã®äººäºã«ãŠããå
¶åã®è¶£ã詮玢ããŠçå®ãçºæããã«åšãã西æŽè«žåœæ°ã®äººæ°ãä»æ¥ã®ææã«éãããå
¶æºãå°ãã°ãåã®äžç¹ããåºã§ãããã®ãªããä¹ã圌ã®äºçŽ°äºè«žå·ã®äººæ°ããèèªåŠèª¬ã軜信ããŠå·«è ±ç¥ä»ã«æ溺ããæãã¯æè¬èè³¢è
ïŒååãªã©ïŒã®èšãèãŠäžæã«ä¹ã«åããã®ã¿ãªãããäžäžã®åŸã«è³ãŠå°å
¶èšã®ç¯å²ãè±ããããšèœã¯ãããã®ã«æ¯ããã°ãå
¶åè¡ã®åªå£ãå¿åã®åæ¯ãåºãã幎ãåããŠèªãå¯ããããªããããšè«ããŠããã ãšãããæž
ãäžåœäººã®è¥¿æŽåã»è¿ä»£åãžã®æ æ
¢ã¶ããæ¹å€ãããææ²»14幎ïŒ1881幎ïŒã«ã¯äžåœäººã¯100幎ãåãã西æŽãšæ¥ããŠããããšãå眮ãããäžã§ãçŸå¹Žã®ä¹
ãã西æŽã®æžãè¬ããè
ããªãã西æŽã®åšåãè©Šçšããè
ããªããå
¶æ¹æ°ã®ç·©æ
¢é
éãå®ã«é©ãã«å ªãããããç¢ç«æ¯é£äººãå
¶åœã®åºå€§ãªããèªè² ããŠä»ãèèŠããäžæ°å幎æ¥é°éœäºè¡ã®åŠèª¬ã«æ溺ããŠç©äºã®ççååãæ±ãã®éµãæŸæ²ãããã®çœªãªãããšæããŠããã ãã®ãããªè«åã«ãšã£ãŠæ¥æž
æŠäºã¯ããæ¥æ¬ã®åœæš©æ¡åŒµã®ããã®æŠäºã§ããããšåæã«ã西æŽåŠãšåæã®ææ³æŠäºãã§ããã£ããè«åã¯è±å³¶æ²æµ·æŠçŽåŸã®ææ²»27幎ïŒ1894幎ïŒ7æ29æ¥ã«æäºæ°å ±ã§æ¥æž
æŠäºã«ã€ããŠãæéã®æŠäºããææéåã®é²æ©ãè¬ããã®ãšå
¶é²æ©ã劚ãããšãããã®ã®æŠããšå®çŸ©ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 49f020ff6c |
|
000000951 | äŒæç
ç 究æã®å€èŠ³ãåçŸããè¿ä»£å»ç§åŠèšå¿µé€šïŒæ±äº¬å€§åŠå»ç§åŠç 究æå
ïŒ | ææ²»25幎ïŒ1892幎ïŒ10æããã€ãçåŠããåž°åœããåéæŽäžéã®ããã«ãçŠæŸ€è«åã¯æ±äº¬æŽå±±å
ã«ãäŒæç
ç 究æãïŒäŒç ïŒãèšç«ããåéãæé·ã«è¿ããããã®åŸãäŒç ã¯å幎11æã倧æ¥æ¬ç§ç«è¡çäŒã«ç§»ç®¡ããã幎é3600åã®æ¯æŽãåãããææ²»27幎ïŒ1894幎ïŒã«ã¯ãäŒç ã¯èæå®çºã«ç§»è»¢ãããããã®æãè¿é£äœæ°ããå察éåãèµ·ãã£ããããã§ãçŠæŸ€è«åã¯æ¬¡ç·ã»æšæ¬¡éã®æ°å±
ãäŒç ã®é£ãã«äœããäŒç ãå±éºã§ãªãããšã瀺ããŠãåéæŽäžéã®ç 究ããµããŒããããææ²»32幎ïŒ1899幎ïŒã«äŒç ãåœã«ç§»ç®¡ããããšãåéã¯äŒç ã®æé·ãèŸä»»ããè«åãšé·èå°éœãšæ£®æåžå·Šè¡éãšãåµèšãããåçã¶å²¡é€çåãã«ç§»ã£ãã ææ²»3幎ïŒ1870幎ïŒãæ
¶æ矩塟ã®å¡Ÿçåç°æ¿åéã®ããã«ãè«åãè±åœåŒã®å»åŠæã®éèšã決å®ããããããŠææ²»6幎ïŒ1873幎ïŒãæ
¶æ矩塟å
ã«ãæ
¶æ矩塟å»åŠæããéèšãããæé·ã¯æ
¶æ矩塟åºèº«ã®å»åž«æŸå±±æ£åºµã就任ããããŸããæç°ç端ãåŒãã§å°çèãå»åŠèšç·Žã®å Žæãšããããªããææ²»13幎ïŒ1880幎ïŒ6æãæ
¶æ矩塟å»åŠæã¯çµå¶äžã®çç±ã«ããééãããããšã«ãªã£ãã ããããè«åã®æ»åŸ15幎ãã£ã倧æ£5幎ïŒ1916幎ïŒ12æ27æ¥ãæ
¶æ矩塟倧åŠéšã«å»åŠç§ã®åµèšãèš±å¯ããã倧æ£6幎ïŒ1917幎ïŒ3æãå»åŠç§äºç§1幎çã®åéãéå§ããåŠé·ãšããŠåéæŽäžéã就任ããããšã«ãªã£ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 13da97062d |
|
000000952 | ã倩ã¯äººã®äžã«äººãé ããã人ã®äžã«äººãé ãããæ
¶æ矩塟倧åŠæ±é€šã«å»ãŸããŠããã©ãã³èªã§æžãããèšè | 倪平æŽæŠäºïŒå€§æ±äºæŠäºïŒåŸãæŽå²åŠè
ã®æéšä¹ç·ãé å±±èæš¹ãã«ãã£ãŠè«åã®ãè±äºè«ããåçºèŠããããçŠæŸ€è«åã¯ã¢ãžã¢è«žåœãèèŠãã䟵ç¥ãè¯å®ããã¢ãžã¢èèŠè
ã§ããããšæ¹å€ããããäžžå±±çç·ã¯æéšä¹ç·ã®è«å解éããè«æµããšããŠãããšããããã å¹³æ13幎ïŒ2001幎ïŒãææ¥æ°èã«æ²èŒãããå®å·å¯¿ä¹èŒã®è«èª¬ãçŠæ²¢è«å ã¢ãžã¢èèŠåºããææ³å®¶ãã«ãæ
¶æ矩塟倧åŠæåŠéšåã®å¹³å±±æŽãåè«ãçŠæ²¢è«å ã¢ãžã¢ãèèŠããŠãããããæ²èŒããããšã§ããããããå®å·ã»å¹³å±±è«äºããå§ãŸã£ãã 平山ã¯ãäºç°é²ä¹ã®æç®åæãåºç€ã«ãè«åã®ã¢ãžã¢èèŠãããçŠæŸ€è«åäŒãã®èè
ã§ãæäºæ°å ±ãã®äž»çãåãããçŠæŸ€å
šéããç·šçºããç³æ²³å¹¹æã®äœçºã«ã¿ãã平山ã«ããã°ãè«åã¯æ¯é£ïŒäžåœïŒãæé®®æ¿åºãæ¹å€ããŠããæ°æãã®ãã®ãããšãããããšã¯ãªãã£ããããããããšãã°æž
ã®å
µå£«ãè±ã«ãªããããè«èª¬ãªã©ãå·®å¥äž»çŸ©çå
容ã®ãã®ã¯ç³æ²³ã®è«èª¬ã§ãããå
šéç·šçºæã«è«åã®ãã®ãšåœã£ãŠåé²ããã®ã ãšããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 398158810e |
|
000000953 | ãåŠåã®ããããã¯æãèåã§èåã®åã«ãå ãããŠãã | ãçŠæŸ€è«åèäœéãïŒå
š12å·»ïŒãæ
¶æ矩塟倧åŠåºçäŒã§2002幎ïŒå¹³æ14幎ïŒ- 2003幎ïŒå¹³æ15幎ïŒã«åè¡ãã2009幎ïŒå¹³æ21幎ïŒã«ãèäœéã®äžéšïŒéžæž å
š5åïŒããã³ã³ãã¯ãçã§æ°è£
åè¡ã 䜵(ãã)ããã®èªæµ·ã«å°±(ã€ã)ãŠã¯å€§(ããã)ã«æ¥æ¬ã®çº(ã)ãã«èªãããšãããããšäº(ã)ãã®ã¯æ(ã)ãæ¥æ¬ã®äººãå§ããŠèžæ°è¹ãªããã®ãèŠãã®ã¯åæ°žå
幎ãèªæµ·ãåŠã³å§ããã®ã¯å®æ¿äºå¹Žã®äºã§ãå®æ¿äºå¹Žã«é·åŽã«æŒ(ãã)ãŠåè(ãªã©ã³ã)人ããäŒç¿ããã®ãæ(ããã)ãäºã®å§ãŸãã§ããã®æ¥(ããã)æ(ãªã€)ãŠå€åœã«è¹ãä¹åº(ã®ãã )ãããšäºãããšã決ããã®ã¯å®æ¿å
幎ã®å¬ãå³(ããªã)ã¡ç®ã«èžæ°è¹ãèŠãŠãã足æ(ããã)ãäžå¹Žç®ãèªæµ·è¡ã®äŒç¿ãå§ããŠããäºå¹Žç®ã«ããŠã倫(ã)ãã§äžå»¶å
幎ã®æ£æã«ã¯åºåžããããšäºããã®æãå°ããä»äººã®æãè(ã)ããã«åºæããŠè¡ãããšæ±ºæãããã®åæ°ãšäºããã®äŒå(ãããã)ãšäºããæ¯(ã)ãã ãã¯æ¥æ¬åœã®åèªãšããŠãäžçã«èªãã«è¶³ãã¹ãäºå®ã ãããšæãã åéºå€ªéïŒãã€ãããããïŒãšäºã人ã¯èŠé·æšæã®æ¬¡ã«å±
ãŠææ®å®ã§ããããè³æ¥µïŒãããïŒè¹ã«åŒ±ã人ã§ãèªæµ·äžã¯ç
人åæ§ãèªåã®éšå±ã®å€ã«åºãããšã¯åºæ¥ãªãã£ã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 06f2b89f3e |
|
000000954 | é·ç·ã®äžå€ªé | 䜵(ãã)ããã®èªæµ·ã«å°±(ã€ã)ãŠã¯å€§(ããã)ã«æ¥æ¬ã®çº(ã)ãã«èªãããšãããããšäº(ã)ãã®ã¯æ(ã)ãæ¥æ¬ã®äººãå§ããŠèžæ°è¹ãªããã®ãèŠãã®ã¯åæ°žå
幎ãèªæµ·ãåŠã³å§ããã®ã¯å®æ¿äºå¹Žã®äºã§ãå®æ¿äºå¹Žã«é·åŽã«æŒ(ãã)ãŠåè(ãªã©ã³ã)人ããäŒç¿ããã®ãæ(ããã)ãäºã®å§ãŸãã§ããã®æ¥(ããã)æ(ãªã€)ãŠå€åœã«è¹ãä¹åº(ã®ãã )ãããšäºãããšã決ããã®ã¯å®æ¿å
幎ã®å¬ãå³(ããªã)ã¡ç®ã«èžæ°è¹ãèŠãŠãã足æ(ããã)ãäžå¹Žç®ãèªæµ·è¡ã®äŒç¿ãå§ããŠããäºå¹Žç®ã«ããŠã倫(ã)ãã§äžå»¶å
幎ã®æ£æã«ã¯åºåžããããšäºããã®æãå°ããä»äººã®æãè(ã)ããã«åºæããŠè¡ãããšæ±ºæãããã®åæ°ãšäºããã®äŒå(ãããã)ãšäºããæ¯(ã)ãã ãã¯æ¥æ¬åœã®åèªãšããŠãäžçã«èªãã«è¶³ãã¹ãäºå®ã ãããšæãã åéºå€ªéïŒãã€ãããããïŒãšäºã人ã¯èŠé·æšæã®æ¬¡ã«å±
ãŠææ®å®ã§ããããè³æ¥µïŒãããïŒè¹ã«åŒ±ã人ã§ãèªæµ·äžã¯ç
人åæ§ãèªåã®éšå±ã®å€ã«åºãããšã¯åºæ¥ãªãã£ã ãçŠæ²¢ããçŠæŸ€ãã®è¡šèšã¯ãèè
ãã©ã¡ããçšããŠããã®ãã«åŸãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 228088e42a |
|
000000955 | çŠæŸ€è«å | çŠæŸ€ è«åïŒãµããã ããã¡ãæ§åäœ: çŠó 柀 è«ó åã倩ä¿5幎12æ12æ¥ã1835幎1æ10æ¥ã- ææ²»34幎ã1901幎2æ3æ¥ãïŒã¯ãå¹æ«ããææ²»æã®æ¥æ¬ã®åèææ³å®¶ãæè²å®¶ãæ
¶æ矩塟ã®åµèšè
ã諱ã¯ç¯ïŒã¯ãïŒãåã¯ååïŒããïŒãæ®æ¯«ã®èœæ¬Ÿå°ã¯ãææ²»å
åŒå¹ŽåŸä¹çŠç¿ããé
å·ã¯ãäžåäžè°·äººïŒãããã
ããã£ããããïŒã ããšããšèåã¯ããµãããããšçºé³ããŠããããææ²»ç¶æ°ä»¥åŸã¯ããµãããããšçºé³ããããã«ãªã£ããçŸä»£ã§ã¯ãçŠæŸ€è«åããšè¡šèšãããããšãäžè¬çãšãªã£ãŠããããªããäžæè«åããšåä¹ã£ãŠããææãããã æ
¶æ矩塟ïŒæ§èåŠå¡ŸãçŸæ
¶æ矩塟倧åŠã¯ããç³»åæ ¡ïŒã®ä»ã«ããåæ³è¬ç¿æïŒçŸäžæ©å€§åŠïŒãç¥æžåæ¥è¬ç¿æïŒçŸç¥æžåæ¥é«æ ¡ïŒãåéæŽäžéã®ãäŒæç
ç 究æãïŒçŸæ±äº¬å€§åŠå»ç§åŠç 究æïŒããåçã¶å²¡é€çåãïŒçŸæ±äº¬å€§åŠå»ç§åŠç 究æéå±ç
é¢ïŒã®åµèšã«ãå°œåãããæ°èãæäºæ°å ±ãã®åµåè
ã§ãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/çŠæŸ€è«å | 66bfe8a54c |
|
000000956 | ããå
ç«äžå
šãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®æš¡åŒå³ | è±èªã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ïŒvirusïŒã®èªæºã¯ãã©ãã³èªã®ãvirusãã§ç
æ¯å åãšããæå³ã§ãããè±èªã®Virusã¯å€ãã¯åç©ãåºãæ¯æ¶²ãå«ããŠçšããããŠããã ãšãŒãããã®äž»ãªèšèªã§ã®çºé³ã以äžã«åæããã 以äžã®ãããªçºé³ãããšã«ãå€æ§ãªæ¥æ¬èªè¡šèšã䜿çšãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã£ã«ã¹ | b5d0bed4fd |
|
000000957 | ç²åç¶ç©è³ªã®åé¡ïŒãã€ã¯ãã¡ãŒãã«ïŒ | 埮çç©åŠã®æŽå²ã¯ã1674幎ã«ãªã©ã³ãã®ã¬ãŒãŠã§ã³ããã¯ããé¡åŸ®é¡èŠ³å¯ã«ãã£ãŠçŽ°èãèŠåºããããšã«å§ãŸãããã®åŸ1860幎ã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ã«ã€ã»ãã¹ããŒã«ãçç©åŠãéžé åŠã«ããã现èã®æ矩ãã1876幎ã«ãã€ãã®ããã«ãã»ã³ããããå»åŠã«ããã现èã®æ矩ãæããã«ããããšã§å€§ããå±éãããç¹ã«ã³ãããçºèŠãæå±ãããææçãç
åæ§çŽ°èã«ãã£ãŠèµ·ããããšããèããå»åŠã«äžãã圱é¿ã¯å€§ããããã以éãææçã®åå ã¯å¯çè«ãé€ããŠãå
šãŠçŽ°èã«ãããã®ã ãšèããããŠããã 1892幎ããã·ã¢ã®ããããªãŒã»ã€ã¯ããã¹ããŒã¯ãã¿ãã³ã¢ã¶ã€ã¯ç
ã®ç
åã现èæ¿ŸéåšïŒåœæã¯ç²åãçŽ çŒããããã®ïŒãééããŠãæææ§ã倱ããªãããšãçºèŠãããã现èããã埮å°ãªãå
åŠé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ã¯èŠ³å¯ã§ããªãååšã§ããããšãå ±åãããããããç
åäœã¯çŽ°èã§ãããšããèããæšãŠãããªãã£ãããŸããã®ç 究ãšã¯å¥ã«ã1898幎ã«ãã€ãã®ããªãŒããªãã»ã¬ãã©ãŒãšããŠã«ã»ãããã·ã¥ãå£è¹ç«ã®ç
åäœã®åé¢ãè©Šã¿ããããåæ§ã®ååšã§ããããšãçªãæ¢ãããfilterable virusïŒæ¿Ÿéæ§ç
åäœïŒããšåŒç§°ãããå幎ã«ãªã©ã³ãã®ãã«ãã£ãã¹ã»ãã€ãšãªã³ã¯ã¯ã€ã¯ããã¹ããŒãšåæ§ã®ç 究ãè¡ã£ãŠãåãããã«èŠåºãããæªç¥ã®æ§è³ªãæã€ç
åäœããContagium vivum fluidumïŒçåœãæã£ãæææ§ã®æ¶²äœïŒããšåŒãã ã ã¬ãã©ãŒã¯æ¿Ÿéæ§ç
åäœãå°ããªçŽ°èãšèããŠãããããã€ãšãªã³ã¯ã¯ååã§ãããšèããããã现èã«ææããŠå¢æ®ãããšäž»åŒµããã圌ã®äž»åŒµã¯ããã«ã¯åãå
¥ããããªãã£ãããåæ§ã®æ§è³ªããã£ãç
åäœããã¡ãŒãžãçºèŠãããŠããããšã§ãäžè¬ã«ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ååšãä¿¡ããããããã«ãªã£ãããã®åŸãç©çååŠçãªæ§è³ªãåŸã
ã«è§£æããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªããã§ããŠãããšèããããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã£ã«ã¹ | 2c7d39decc |
|
000000958 | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®åºæ¬æ§é ïŒAïŒãšã³ãããŒããæããªããŠã€ã«ã¹ãïŒBïŒãšã³ãããŒããæã€ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã1. ã«ãã·ãã2. ãŠã€ã«ã¹æ žé
žã3. ã«ããœããŒã4. ãã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã5. ããªãªã³ã6. ãšã³ãããŒãã7. ã¹ãã€ã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ª | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®åºæ¬æ§é ã¯ãç²åã®äžå¿ã«ãããŠã€ã«ã¹æ žé
žãšããããåãå²ãã«ãã·ã (è±: capsid) ãšåŒã°ããã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®æ®»ããæ§æãããç²åã§ããããŠã€ã«ã¹æ žé
žãšã«ãã·ãã䜵ãããã®ããã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ã (è±: nucleocapsid) ãšåŒã¶ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®åœ¢ç¶ã¯ã«ãã·ãã®åœ¢ã«ãã£ãŠåºæ¬çã«ã¯æ£20é¢äœåïŒç«æ¹å¯Ÿç§°åïŒãšèºæ察称åã«åããããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ããšã³ãããŒã (è±: envelope) ãšåŒã°ããèæåãªã©ããã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ã以å€ã®ç©è³ªãå«ããã®ãããããããã®æ§ææåãå«ããŠããã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ãšã£ãŠå¿
èŠãªæ§é ãå
šãŠåãã宿䞻ã«å¯ŸããŠææå¯èœãªãå®å
šãªãŠã€ã«ã¹ç²åããããªãªã³ãšåŒã¶ã ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®å€§ããïŒé·åŸïŒã¯å°ãããã®ã§20ã40nmã§å€§ãããã®ãå«ãå¹³åãããš100nmã»ã©ã§ãããæã倧ãã倩ç¶çãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯é·åŸ300nmã§åæ žçç©ã§æãå°ãããã€ã³ãã©ãºãïŒ200ã300nmïŒããã倧ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯å
åŠé¡åŸ®é¡ã§ã¯èŠ³å¯ã§ãããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ãå¿
èŠã ããé»åç·ãç
§å°ããããçãã现èå
ã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã芳å¯ããããšã¯ã§ããªãã ãŠã€ã«ã¹æ žé
žã¯ãéåžžãDNAãRNAã®ã©ã¡ããäžæ¹ã§ãããããªãã¡ãä»ã®çç©ãäžåã®çŽ°èå
ã«DNAïŒéºäŒåãšããŠïŒãšRNAïŒmRNAãrRNAãtRNAãªã©ïŒã®äž¡æ¹ã®ååãå«ãã®ã«å¯ŸããŠããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®äžç²åã«ã¯ãã®çæ¹ããå«ãŸããªãïŒãã ãDNAãšå
±ã«RNAãäžéšå«ãBåèçãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ãããªäŸå€ãçšã«ååšããïŒããã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãæã€æ žé
žã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯DNAãŠã€ã«ã¹ãšRNAãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«å€§å¥ããããããã«ãããããã®æ žé
žãäžæ¬éãäºæ¬éããäžæ¬éã®RNAã§ããã°mRNAãšããŠã®æŽ»æ§ãæã€ãæããªããïŒãã©ã¹éRNAããã€ãã¹éRNAãïŒãç°ç¶ãç·ç¶ãããªã©ã«ãã£ãŠçŽ°ããåé¡ãããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ã²ãã ã¯ä»ã®çç©ãšæ¯ã¹ãŠã¯ããã«ãµã€ãºãå°ããããŸãã³ãŒãããŠããéºäŒåã®æ°ã極ããŠå°ãªããäŸãã°ãããã®éºäŒåãæ°äžåããã®ã«å¯ŸããŠããŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ã¯3ã100åã»ã©ã ãšèšãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã£ã«ã¹ | 342e127d93 |
|
000000959 | ãã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã®å¯Ÿç§°æ§(å·Š) æ£äºåé¢äœæ§(äž) ãããæ§é (å³)æ§é ã®è€éãªãã¡ãŒãž | ãŠã€ã«ã¹æ žé
žãšã«ãã·ããåããããã®ããã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ã (è±: nucleocapsid) ãšåŒã¶ããšã³ãããŒããæããªããŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ã¯ãã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã¯ããªãªã³ãšåããã®ãæããèšãæããã°ãã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã¯å
šãŠã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«å
±éã«èŠãããæ倧å
¬çŽæ°çãªèŠçŽ ã§ããã ãã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã®åœ¢ã¯ãŠã€ã«ã¹ããšã«æ±ºãŸã£ãŠãããåºæ¬çã«ã¯æ£20é¢äœåïŒç«æ¹å¯Ÿç§°åïŒãšèºæ察称åã«åããããããã ãã倩ç¶çã®åå ã§ããããã¯ã¹ãŠã€ã«ã¹ããã¯ããªãªãã¡ãŒãžãªã©ã§ã¯ããã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ãã¯æ¥µããŠè€éãªæ§é ã§ãããåçŽãªå¯Ÿç§°æ§ã¯æããªãã ãšã³ãããŒã (è±: envelope) ã¯ãåçŽãã«ãã¹ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãã€ã³ãã«ãšã³ã¶ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãããå
ç«äžå
šãŠã€ã«ã¹ãªã©äžéšã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ç²åã«èŠãããèç¶ã®æ§é ã®ããšããããã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ãããŠããšã³ãããŒãã¯ãŠã€ã«ã¹ç²åïŒããªãªã³ïŒã®æãå€åŽã«äœçœ®ããŠããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®åºæ¬æ§é ãšãªããŠã€ã«ã¹ã²ãã ããã³ã«ãã·ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãèŠã£ãŠããããšã³ãããŒãã®æç¡ã¯ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®çš®é¡ã«ãã£ãŠæ±ºãŸã£ãŠãããåé¢ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ãã©ã®çš®é¡ã®ãã®ã§ããããéå¥ããéã®ææšã®äžã€ã§ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã£ã«ã¹ | 3325ca9636 |
|
000000960 | 现èïŒå·ŠïŒãšãŠã€ã«ã¹ïŒå³ïŒã®å¢æ®æ§åŒ | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯ãããèªèº«åç¬ã§ã¯å¢æ®ã§ãããä»ã®çç©ã®çŽ°èå
ã«ææããŠåããŠå¢æ®å¯èœãšãªãããã®ãããªæ§è³ªãåæ§çŽ°èå
å¯çæ§ãšåŒã¶ããŸããäžè¬çãªçç©ã®çŽ°èã2åè£ã«ãã£ãŠ 2n ã§å¯Ÿæ°çã«æ°ãå¢ããïŒå¯Ÿæ°å¢æ®ïŒã®ã«å¯ŸãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯1ã€ã®ç²åããææãã宿䞻现èå
ã§äžæ°ã«æ°ãå¢ãããŠæŸåºïŒäžæ®µéå¢æ®ïŒããããŸãææãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯çŽ°èå
ã§äžåºŠå解ããããããèŠããäžãŠã€ã«ã¹ç²åã®ååšããªãæéïŒæé»æïŒãããã ãã¡ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯çŽ°èãããå°ããããã®éºäŒç©è³ªã§ããDNAãRNAã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®å€æ®»ã«å
ãŸããŠããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«å¯çããã现èã¯ãéåžžã®çåœç¶æã®æ©èœãæãããªããªãããŠã€ã«ã¹å·¥å Žãšãªã£ãŠä»ã®çŽ°èãææãããæçµçã«ã¯ãŠã€ã«ã¹å·¥å Žãšãªã£ã现èã¯ç Žå£ãããŠããŸãã ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®å¢æ®ã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªã¹ãããã§è¡ãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã£ã«ã¹ | d8b1fde28a |
|
000000961 | 现èå€æ§å¹æïŒå圢åïŒå¹é€ãã©ã¹ã³ã®åºã«æ·ç³ç¶ã«çè²ããŠããå¹é€çŽ°èããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ææã«ãã£ãŠåãå€åœ¢ãããããŠãã©ã¹ã³ããã¯ãããŠãã©ãŒã¯ïŒç©ºéãåçäžå€®ïŒã圢æããã | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãææããŠå¢æ®ãããšã宿䞻现èãæ¬æ¥èªåèªèº«ã®ããã«ç£çã»å©çšããŠãããšãã«ã®ãŒããã¢ããé
žãªã©ã®æ é€æºããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ç²åè€è£œã®ããã«å¥ªãããããã°ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ä¹ã£åããããç¶æ
ã«ãªãã ããã«å¯ŸããŠå®¿äž»çŽ°èã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãéºäŒåã®åæãå
šäœçã«æå¶ããããšã§æµæããããšããäžæ¹ã§ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯èªåã®è€è£œãããå¹ççã«è¡ãããã«ãæ§ã
ãªãŠã€ã«ã¹éºäŒåç£ç©ãå©çšããŠã宿䞻现èã®ççæ©èœãå¶åŸ¡ããããšããããŸããŠã€ã«ã¹ãèªåèªèº«ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãäžæã«å€§éåæããããšã¯çŽ°èã«ãšã£ãŠçççãªã¹ãã¬ã¹ã«ãªãããŸãå®æããç²åãæŸåºãããšãã«ã¯å®¿äž»ã®çŽ°èèã现èå£ãç Žå£ããå Žåãããããã®ãããªåå ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ãææããåèã§ã¯æ§ã
ãªçççã»åœ¢æ
çãªå€åãçŸããã ãã®çŸè±¡ã®ãã¡ç¹ã«åœ¢æ
çãªå€åã瀺ããã®ã现èå€æ§å¹æ (cytopathic effect, CPE) ãšåŒã¶ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãç¹å®ã®å®¿äž»çŽ°èã«åœ¢æ
çã«ç¹åŸŽã®ãã现èå€æ§å¹æãèµ·ãããã®ããããããããŠã€ã«ã¹ãéå¥ããäžã§ã®éèŠãªæãããã®äžã€ã«ãªã£ãŠããã代衚çãªçŽ°èå€æ§å¹æãšããŠã¯ã现èã®å圢åã»çŽ°èå士ã®èåã«ããåèäœ (synsitium) ã®åœ¢æã»å°å
¥äœã®åœ¢æãªã©ãç¥ãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã£ã«ã¹ | f11208c491 |
|
000000962 | 现èå€æ§å¹æïŒåèäœïŒæ·ç³ç¶ã«çè²ããå¹é€çŽ°èå士ããŠã€ã«ã¹ææã«ãã£ãŠçŽ°èèã®èåãèµ·ããã现èæ žãäžå€®ã«åéããŠïŒåçäžå€®ïŒå€æ žå·šçŽ°èæ§ã®åœ¢æ
ã«ãªãã | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãææããŠå¢æ®ãããšã宿䞻现èãæ¬æ¥èªåèªèº«ã®ããã«ç£çã»å©çšããŠãããšãã«ã®ãŒããã¢ããé
žãªã©ã®æ é€æºããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ç²åè€è£œã®ããã«å¥ªãããããã°ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ä¹ã£åããããç¶æ
ã«ãªãã ããã«å¯ŸããŠå®¿äž»çŽ°èã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãéºäŒåã®åæãå
šäœçã«æå¶ããããšã§æµæããããšããäžæ¹ã§ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯èªåã®è€è£œãããå¹ççã«è¡ãããã«ãæ§ã
ãªãŠã€ã«ã¹éºäŒåç£ç©ãå©çšããŠã宿䞻现èã®ççæ©èœãå¶åŸ¡ããããšããããŸããŠã€ã«ã¹ãèªåèªèº«ã®ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãäžæã«å€§éåæããããšã¯çŽ°èã«ãšã£ãŠçççãªã¹ãã¬ã¹ã«ãªãããŸãå®æããç²åãæŸåºãããšãã«ã¯å®¿äž»ã®çŽ°èèã现èå£ãç Žå£ããå Žåãããããã®ãããªåå ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ãææããåèã§ã¯æ§ã
ãªçççã»åœ¢æ
çãªå€åãçŸããã ãã®çŸè±¡ã®ãã¡ç¹ã«åœ¢æ
çãªå€åã瀺ããã®ã现èå€æ§å¹æ (cytopathic effect, CPE) ãšåŒã¶ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãç¹å®ã®å®¿äž»çŽ°èã«åœ¢æ
çã«ç¹åŸŽã®ãã现èå€æ§å¹æãèµ·ãããã®ããããããããŠã€ã«ã¹ãéå¥ããäžã§ã®éèŠãªæãããã®äžã€ã«ãªã£ãŠããã代衚çãªçŽ°èå€æ§å¹æãšããŠã¯ã现èã®å圢åã»çŽ°èå士ã®èåã«ããåèäœ (synsitium) ã®åœ¢æã»å°å
¥äœã®åœ¢æãªã©ãç¥ãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã£ã«ã¹ | 5bb63f9d33 |
|
000000963 | ãŠã£ã«ã¹ | ãŠã€ã«ã¹ïŒè±èª: virusããŽã¡ã€ã©ã¹ã, ã©ãã³èª: virusããŠã£ãŒã«ã¹ã, äžåœèª: ç
æ¯ïŒã¯ãä»çç©ã®çŽ°èãå©çšããŠèªå·±ãè€è£œãããã極埮å°ãªæææ§ã®æ§é äœã§ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®æ®»ãšãã®å
éšã«å
¥ã£ãŠããæ žé
žãããªãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯1930幎代ã«é»åé¡åŸ®é¡ãçšããããããã«ãªã£ãããšã§èŠ³å¯ãå¯èœã«ãªãããã®ååšãç¥ãããããã«ãªã£ãã çåœã®æå°åäœã§ãã现èããã®çäœèã§ãã现èèãæããªãããšãå°åšå®ããªãããšãèªå·±å¢æ®ããããšããªãããšãããçç©ãã©ããã«ã€ããŠè°è«ããããäžè¬çã«ã¯ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯çç©ã§ã¯ãªãããšããããããã©ã³ã¹ã®é²åçç©åŠè
ãããªãã¯ã»ãã©ã«ããŒã«ã®ããã«ãçç©ã«å«ããèŠè§£ãããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã宿䞻ã«ææããç¶æ
ïŒãŽã¡ã€ãã»ã«ãvirocellïŒãæ¬æ¥ã®å§¿ãšæããã°çç©ã®ããã«ãµããŸã£ãŠããããšããããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ããã«å€æ°ã®éºäŒåãæã£ã巚倧ãªãŠã€ã«ã¹ãããããšãªã©ãçç±ãšããŠããã ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãçåœäœãšèŠãªãã°ããã®æ°ãå€æ§æ§ã¯å°çäžã§æãå€ãïŒèŠãªããªãå Žåãåäœæ°ã¯åŸ®çç©ãçš®é¡ã¯ç²è«é¡ãæãå€ãïŒãã¡ã¿ã²ãã 解æã®å®çšåã«ããæ§ã
ãªç°å¢ã«ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãèŠã€ãã£ãŠããã宿䞻ã«æ®ã£ããŠã€ã«ã¹ç±æ¥ã®éºäŒåãçç©é²åã«é¢ãã£ãããå°çã®çæ
ç³»ãæ°åã«ã圱é¿ãäžãããããŠãããåç©ãæ€ç©ã®ã»ãã»ãŒå
šãŠã®çç©ã«ç¹æã®ãŠã€ã«ã¹ãååšããããããå«ããåæ€ç©ã«ææçãªã©çŸç
ãåŒãèµ·ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯äžéšã§ããããçºèŠã»åæãããŠããªããŠã€ã«ã¹ãéçé³¥ç£ã宿䞻ãšãããã®ã ãã§170äžçš®ããããã®åæ°ã人ç£å
±éææçã®ç
åäœã«ãªããªã¹ã¯ããããšæšèšãããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ãŠã£ã«ã¹ | 62ff722fb7 |
|
000000964 | ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®å€èŠ³ããã³å
éšã®æš¡åŒå³ | ãªã«ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹äºç§ã«å±ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯ç²åç¶ã§ããããã®è¡šé¢ã¯çŽ°èäžè¬ãšåãè質äºéèã§ãããé»åé¡åŸ®é¡ã§æ®åœ±ãããšè¡šé¢ã«ã¹ãã€ã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãå€æ°çããŠããæ§åãçå ã®ããã«èŠããããã®è質äºéèã¯ãšã³ãããŒããšåŒã°ããã¹ãã€ã¯ãšå
±ã«ææå
ãšãªã宿䞻现èãèªèããæ©èœãæã€ããã°ã«ããã³ã¿ã³ãã¯ãåã蟌ãŸããŠããïŒç¹ã«ããŒã¿ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ãµãã°ã«ãŒãAã®ã¡ã³ããŒïŒããšã³ãããŒãã®å
éšã«ã¯ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ã²ãã ããããã²ãã ã¯ã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«å
ãŸããäžæ¬ã®RNAã§ããããã®ã²ãã RNAãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«å
ãŸããç¶æ
ããã¯ã¬ãªã«ãã·ããšåŒã¶ã ãªã«ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹äºç§ïŒåã³ä»ã®æ®ã©ã®ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ç®ïŒã®ç¹åŸŽã®äžã€ã¯ããã®ã²ãã ãDNAã§ã¯ãªãRNAã§ããããšã§ããããã®ã²ãã RNAã¯å®¿äž»çŽ°èã®äžã§ãã®ãŸãŸäŒä»€RNAïŒmessenger RNAãmRNAãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã«ç¿»èš³ããåŸãå¡©åºé
åæ
å ±ãšæ§é ãæã£ãRNAïŒãšããŠæ©èœããé
åæ§é ã«ãªã£ãŠãããmRNAã¯ãã²ãã RNAã® â3 åŽãã â5 åŽã«éãé·ãã§äŒžåŒµããæ°æ¬ã®mRNAããæ§æãããåmRNAã® â5 æ«ç«¯ã¯ã²ãã RNAã® 5â æ«ç«¯ã«ãããªãŒããŒé
åãæã€ã ãŠã€ã«ã¹ã¿ã³ãã¯ã®ç¿»èš³ã¯äžè¬ã«åmRNAã® â5 æ«ç«¯ã«ååšãããªãŒãã³ãªãŒãã£ã³ã°ãã¬ãŒã (ORF) ããã®ã¿ç¿»èš³ããããã²ãã RNA (mRNA-1) ã® â5 æ«ç«¯çŽ 20kb ã«ã¯2ã€ã®ORFïŒ1a ãš 1b 㧠802kDa ãã³ãŒãããïŒãããªãããã®ORFéã«ã¯ã·ã¥ãŒãããã (pseudoknot, Pn) ãšåŒã°ããæ žé
žã®äžæ¬¡æ§é ãæã€ã1a ã¿ã³ãã¯ã ãã§ç¿»èš³ãçµæ¢ããå ŽåãšãPn ã«ãã 1a + 1b èåã¿ã³ãã¯ãåæãããã±ãŒã¹ãããã1a + 1b ã¿ã³ãã¯ã¯16åã®èª¿ç¯ã¿ã³ãã¯ã«è§£è£ããããããã¢ãŒãŒïŒããããçµåå æ°Žå解é
µçŽ ïŒãRNAããªã¡ã©ãŒãŒãšããŠåãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã³ãããŠã£ã«ã¹ | 004419a87a |
|
000000965 | ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®å¢æ®éçš | ãªã«ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯åç©çŽ°èã«ææããããšã«ãã£ãŠå¢æ®ããããã®éçšã¯ããããããææ (1ã2)ãè€è£œ (3 - 5)ãæŸåº (6) ã®3段éãããªãã SARSã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ç¹ç°çãªäŸã§ã¯ãSäžã®å®çŸ©ãããå容äœçµåãã¡ã€ã³ããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®çŽ°èå容äœã§ããã¢ã³ãžãªãã³ã·ã³å€æé
µçŽ 2 (ACE2) ãžã®çµåã仲ä»ããã ãã¹ãŠã®ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ïŒïŒãªã«ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹äºç§ïŒã®ææ°ã®æãè¿ãå
±éç¥å
ïŒMRCAïŒã¯ãçŽå
å8000幎ã«ã¯ååšããŠãããšèããããŠããããäžéšã®ã¢ãã«ã®MRCAã¯5500äžå¹Žä»¥äžåã«é¡ã£ãŠã³ãŠã¢ãªãšã®é·æçãªå
±é²åã瀺åããã ã¢ã«ãã¡ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹å±ïŒè±èªçïŒã®MRCAã¯çŽå
å2400幎é ãããŒã¿ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹å±ïŒè±èªçïŒçŽå
å3300幎é ãã¬ã³ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹å±ïŒè±èªçïŒã¯çŽå
å2800幎é ããã«ã¿ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹å±ïŒè±èªçïŒã¯çŽå
å3000幎é ãšèããããŠãããé£ç¿æž©è¡èæ€åç©ã§ããã³ãŠã¢ãªãšé³¥ã¯ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®éºäŒåæºïŒã¢ã«ãã¡ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ãšããŒã¿ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯ã³ãŠã¢ãª ãã¬ã³ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ãšãã«ã¿ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯é³¥ïŒã«ãšã£ãŠãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®é²åãšæ®åãä¿é²ãã宿䞻ãšããŠçæ³çã§ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã³ãããŠã£ã«ã¹ | a48d994971 |
|
000000966 | ã³ãããŠã£ã«ã¹ | ãªã«ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹äºç§ïŒãªã«ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ãããOrthocoronavirinae / ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ãCoronavirusãïŒã¯ãã²ãã ãšããŠãªãæ žé
ž (RNA) ããã€äžæ¬éãã©ã¹éRNAãŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ãåºä¹³é¡ãé³¥é¡ã«ç
æ°ãåŒãèµ·ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã®ã°ã«ãŒãã®1ã€ããããŠã€ã«ã¹ç®ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ç§ã«å±ããã å«ãŸãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã¯ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ç§ããäž¡çé¡ã«ææããã¬ããŠã€ã«ã¹äºç§ãé€ãããããããã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã«ã¿ãŸã§ã®ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ã§ãããéå»ã®èšé²ãšããŠã2018幎以åã¯ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹äºç§ãã2009幎以åã¯ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹å±ããšåŒã°ããŠãããåé¡åãšããŠã¯ã2018幎ã«ããªã«ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹äºç§ãã«æ¹åãããã åã«ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ãšèšã£ãå Žåãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ç§ããããã¯ãã®ãªã«ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹äºç§ãæããšãããŠãããã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ç§ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãããã«ã¿ãŸã§ã®ã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ä»¥å€ã«ããã¬ããŠã€ã«ã¹äºç§ãå«ãã§ãããããå®éã®åé¡ç¯å²ãšããŠã¯ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹ïŒãªã«ãã³ãããŠã€ã«ã¹äºç§ãšãªã£ãŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã³ãããŠã£ã«ã¹ | fe4521985e |
|
000000967 | CGã«ããå®æäºæ³å³ã | åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒãããããã¡ã
ãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãè±: International Space Stationãç¥ç§°ïŒISSãä»: Station spatiale internationaleãç¥ç§°ïŒSSIãé²: ÐежЎÑМаÑПÌÐŽÐœÐ°Ñ ÐºÐŸÑЌОÌÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÑаÌÐœÑОÑãç¥ç§°ïŒÐÐСïŒã¯ãäœè»éã«ããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«åŒã®å®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒå±
äœå¯èœãªäººå·¥è¡æïŒã§ãããããã¯ãNASAïŒç±³åœïŒããã¹ã³ã¹ã¢ã¹ïŒãã·ã¢ïŒãJAXAïŒæ¥æ¬ïŒãESAïŒãšãŒãããïŒãCSAïŒã«ããïŒã®5ã€ã®å®å®æ©é¢ãåå ããå€åœç±å
±åãããžã§ã¯ãã§ãããå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã®æææš©ãšäœ¿çšã¯ãæ¿åºéæ¡çŽãšåå®ã«ãã£ãŠç¢ºç«ãããŠããããã®å®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯å®å®çç©åŠã倩æåŠãæ°è±¡åŠãç©çåŠãªã©ã®åéã§ç§åŠç 究ãè¡ã埮å°éåãšå®å®ç°å¢ã®ç 究æãšããŠæ©èœãããISSã¯ãæãšç«æãžã®å°æ¥ã®é·æããã·ã§ã³ã«å¿
èŠãªå®å®è¹ã·ã¹ãã ãšæ©åšã®ãã¹ãã«é©ããŠããã ISSããã°ã©ã ã¯ã1984幎ã«æä¹
çã«æ人ã®å°çåšåã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã建èšããããã«èæ¡ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ææ¡ã§ããå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ããªãŒãã ãšã1976幎ããã®åæ§ã®ç®çãæã€åææã®ãœããšã/ãã·ã¢ã®ããŒã«2ææ¡ããçºå±ãããISSã¯ããœããšããåŸã«ãã·ã¢ã®ãµãªã¥ãŒããã¢ã«ããŒã¹ãããŒã«ã®åã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¹ã«ã€ã©ãã«ç¶ããŠãä¹çµå¡ãå±
äœãã9çªç®ã®å®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãããããã¯ãå®å®ã§æ倧ã®äººå·¥è¡æã§ãããäœè»éã§æ倧ã®è¡æã§ãããå°çã®è¡šé¢ããèçŒã§å®æçã«èŠãããšãã§ããããºãŽã§ãºããµãŒãã¹ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãŸãã¯èšªåããŠããå®å®è¹ã®ãšã³ãžã³ã䜿çšããåããŒã¹ãæäœã«ããå¹³åé«åºŠ400 kmïŒ250ãã€ã«ïŒã®è»éãç¶æãããISSã¯çŽ93åã§å°çãäžåšãã1æ¥ãããå°çã15.5åšåããã ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯2ã€ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«åãããŠããããã·ã¢è»éã»ã°ã¡ã³ã (ROS) ã¯ãã·ã¢ã«ãã£ãŠéå¶ãããŠãããç±³åœè»éã»ã°ã¡ã³ã (USOS) ã¯ç±³åœãšä»ã®åœã«ãã£ãŠéå¶ãããŠããããã·ã¢ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã«ã¯6ã€ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãå«ãŸããŠãããç±³åœã®ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã«ã¯10ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãå«ãŸããŠããããã®ãµããŒããµãŒãã¹ã¯NASAã§76.6%ãJAXAã§12.8%ãESAã§8.3%ãCSAã§2.3%ã«åæ£ãããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | 6942c9ceaf |
|
000000968 | åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã®æ§é ç©ãéã¶ãšã³ãããŒã | ISSã®å»ºèšã¯çµç«éšååã³äœæ¥ã®ããã50å以äžã®æã¡äžããèŠæ±ãããããããã®æã¡äžãã®39åã¯ã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã«ããæã¡äžãã§ãããæ¯èŒçå°åãªéšåã¯ããã°ã¬ã¹è£çµŠè¹ãšãã£ãç¡äººå®å®è£çµŠæ©ã«ãã£ãŠéã°ãããçµç«ãå®äºããæç¹ã®ISSã¯ãäœç©1,200ç«æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«ãéé419ãã³ãæ倧çºçé»å110ããã¯ããããã©ã¹ïŒæšªæ¹åïŒã®é·ã108.4ã¡ãŒãã«ãé²è¡æ¹åã®é·ã74ã¡ãŒãã«ãæ倧æ»åšäººæ°ã¯6åãšãªã£ãã ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ããã€ãã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«åã³èŠçŽ ã§æ§æãããã ç·äœç©ã¯çŽ935ç«æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«ã質éã¯çŽ420ãã³ã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | 18e26e3819 |
|
000000969 | 代衚çãªã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ããã¹ãã£ããŒã | ãŠããã£ããåæ¹ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ãããªãŒãã èšç»ããæµçšããããã®ã§ãNASAã®æšæºèšèšãå®å
šåºæºãé©çšããŠãããããäžè¬ã«ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽããšåŒã°ãããæ¥æ¬§ã®å®éšã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ããã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽã«å«ãŸããããããã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ããããçŽåŸ4.4ã¡ãŒãã«ã®åç圢ã ããããã¯ã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã®ãã€ããŒããã€ã®å¯žæ³ã«åãããããã§ãããå
éšã¯ãåœéæšæºå®éšã©ã㯠(ISPR) ã4é¢ã«åãä»ããèšèšã§æšæºåãããŠãããæ¥ç±³æ¬§ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«éã§ã©ãã¯ã移èšã§ããäºææ§ãåããŠããã ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«å士ã®çµåã«ã¯å
±éçµåæ©æ§ (CBM) ãçšããŠãããããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãä»»æã«ç§»èšããããšãã§ããããŸããHTVããã©ãŽã³å®å®è¹ãCBMã䜿çšããŠçµåãããCBMã¯å€§åã§é«æ©èœã®çµåæ©æ§ã ããèªåãããã³ã°ã«ã¯å¯Ÿå¿ããŠããããããããã¢ãŒã ã䜿çšããŠæ¥è§Šãããããšãé»åã®çµåè£
眮ã§çµåããæ§é ã§ããã ãªããã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽã§ãã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã®ãããã³ã°ã ãã¯ããã·ã¢ãéçºããã¢ã³ãããžãã¹ãããã³ã°æ©æ§ã䜿çšããŠããããããŠããã£ïŒããŒã3ããã©ã³ã¯ãŠã£ãªãã€ãŒãèšçœ®åŸã¯ãã©ã³ã¯ãŠã£ãªãã€ãŒã«ç§»èšãããã2015幎ã«ã¯ããŒã¢ããŒã«ç§»èšäºå®ïŒãšããŒã¢ããŒã«ã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«çšã®PMAãèšçœ®ãããŠãããæçµçã«ã¯ããŒã¢ããŒã®PMA-2ã®ã¿ã䜿çšããŠããããã®PMA-2ã«ã¯ISSããã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã«é»åãäŸçµŠããé
ç·ãæœãããŠãããISSä¿çäžã®ã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã®é»åãç¯çŽããããšãã§ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | 52f3a0748f |
|
000000970 | ãã·ã¢åŽãäž»äœãšãããçµç«åæã®ISSã | ã¶ãŒãªã£ããåŸæ¹ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ãããŒã«2èšç»ããæµçšããããã®ã§ããã·ã¢ã®æšæºèšèšãå®å
šåºæºãé©çšããŠãããããäžè¬ã«ããã·ã¢åŽããšåŒã°ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ãææããã¶ãŒãªã£ããã·ã¢ãç¬èªè³éã§èšçœ®ãããºãŽã§ãºãã該åœããããã·ã¢ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã®éçºã«ã¯ESAãååããŠããããºãŽã§ãºãã®ã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãã欧å·ããããã¢ãŒã (ERA) ãéçºããŠãããæ¥æ¬ã¯ãã·ã¢åŽã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãå®éšã«å©çšããŠããããåºæ¬çã«ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽã«å«ãŸããããŒãã䜿çšããã ãã·ã¢åŽã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ãäž»èŠãªã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãåç¬ã§å®å®è¹ãšããŠã®æ©èœãåããŠããããšã§ãããããããã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«ãšã³ãžã³ãèªåæ瞊è£
眮ãéä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ã倪éœé»æ± ããã«ãåããŠãããåç¬ã§é£è¡ããŠãèªåã§ãããã³ã°ããããšãã§ãããããã¯ããã·ã¢ã®å®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã®äŒçµ±çãªææ³ã§ããããã®ãããçžåœã®èŠæš¡ãŸã§çµã¿ç«ãŠãªããã°ãèªç«ãã§ããªãã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽã«å
ç«ã£ãŠããŸããã·ã¢åŽãæã¡äžããŠåç¬ã®å®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒäºå®äžã¯ããŒã«2ãã®ãã®ïŒã皌åãããããã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽãå¢èšããææ³ããšãããšã§ãISSåæã®è²»çšåæžã«è²¢ç®ããã ã¶ãŒãªã£ãšãºãŽã§ãºãã¯æ®µéçã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«åŽã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã«æ©èœãè²ããã¶ãŒãªã£ã¯åŸå¹Žã«ã¯éè·¯å
Œãè·ç©çœ®ãå Žã«ãªã£ãã察ããŠãºãŽã§ãºãã¯ãISSã®è»éé«åºŠã姿å¢ãç¶æãã圹å²ãæ
ã£ãŠããã»ããç±³åœãšåæ
ããŠç°å¢å¶åŸ¡ã®åœ¹å²ãæ
ã£ãŠããããŸãå®å®æ
è¡è
ããºãŽã§ãºãã«æ»åšããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | eb3247a588 |
|
000000971 | ãã©ã¹ãšè¹å€æŽ»åäžã®å®å®é£è¡å£«ã | ããªãŒãã èšç»ã§ã¯è¹å€äœæ¥ã®åºç€ãšããŠå€§èŠæš¡ãªãã®ãèšç»ãããŠããããçž®å°ãéããçµæãISSã®ã€ã³ãã©æ©èœãæ
ãè¹å€æ©åšã®èšçœ®å ŽæãšããŠäœ¿çšãããŠãããäž»èŠãªæ©èœã¯ã倪éœé»æ± ããã«ãã¯ãããšããé»æºæ©åšãã©ãžãšãŒã¿ãŒãªã©å»ç±ã·ã¹ãã ã姿å¢å¶åŸ¡ã®ããã®ã³ã³ãããŒã«ã¢ãŒã¡ã³ããžã£ã€ããã¢ã³ãããªã©ã®éä¿¡æ©åšã®èšçœ®å Žæã§ãããããªãŒãã èšç»ã§ã¯è»éç¶æã®ããã®ãšã³ãžã³ãèšçœ®ããäºå®ã ã£ããããã®æ©èœã¯ãã·ã¢åŽã«ç§»ãããããããšã³ãžã³ãåããäºå®ã ã£ããã©ã¹ã¯æ¬ çª (S2, P2) ã«ãªã£ãã ãã©ã¹ã¯ISSã®ãªãã§ã倧ããªå¯žæ³ãå ãããããåæã«ã¯æãç³ãã ç¶æ
ã§æã¡äžããŠãè»éäžã§å±éããããšãæ€èšãããŠãããããããå±éãããã©ã¹ã«åçš®æ©åšãåãä»ããæéãèããã°ãå°äžã§æ©åšãé
管ãé
ç·ãå®æãããç¶æ
ã®ãã©ã¹ãæã¡äžããæ¹ãå¹çãããããšããããããã®ãããªèšèšã«èœã¡çããã é·å€§ãªãã©ã¹äžã§ã®äœæ¥ã«ãããã«ããã¢ãŒã 2ã®ç§»åãè¹å€äœæ¥å¡ãç©è³ã®éæ¬ã«ã¯ã¢ãã€ã«ããŒã¹ã·ã¹ãã (MBS) ãšåŒã°ããéæ¬ããŒã¹ã䜿çšããããã©ã¹ã«æ²¿ã£ãŠã¬ã€ãã¬ãŒã«ãèšçœ®ãããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | 6dcb1c21f7 |
|
000000972 | 2001幎ãå€ã®ã°ã©ã€ããŒã¢ãŒãã§é£è¡ããISSã | ISSã®é»åæºã¯ã倪éœå
ãé»æ°ã«å€æãã倪éœé»æ± ã§ãããçµç«ãã©ã€ã4AïŒ2000幎11æ30æ¥ã®STS-97ïŒä»¥åã¯ãã¶ãŒãªã£ãšãºãŽã§ãºãã«è£
åããããã·ã¢ã®å€ªéœé»æ± ãå¯äžã®é»æºã ã£ããISSã®ãã·ã¢ã®éšåã¯ãã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ãšåã28ãã«ãã®çŽæµé»åã䜿çšãããISSã®ä»ã®éšåã«ã¯ããã©ã¹ã«èšçœ®ããã倪éœé»æ± ããã130 - 180ãã«ãã®çŽæµé»åãäŸçµŠããããé»åã¯çŽæµ160ãã«ãã«å®å®åãããŠåé
ãããããã«ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãå¿
èŠãšãã124ãã«ãã®çŽæµã«å€æããããé»åã¯ã³ã³ããŒã¿ã«ãã£ãŠISSã®ç±³é²ã®ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã«åé
ãããããã·ã¢ã®ç§åŠé»åãã©ãããã©ãŒã ããã£ã³ã»ã«ããããã·ã¢åºç»ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ãèšçœ®ãã倪éœé»æ± ã®é»åäŸçµŠã«äŸåããããšã«ãªã£ãããããã®é»ååé
æ©æ§ã¯éèŠã§ããã ISSã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«åºç»ã§ã¯ãé«å§ïŒ130-160ãã«ãïŒé
é»ãè¡ãããšã§é»æµãå°ããããé»ç·ããã现ãããããšãã§ããŠã軜éåã§ããã 倪éœé»æ± ããã«ã¯ã倪éœãšãã«ã®ãŒãæ倧ã«ããããã«ãåžžã«å€ªéœã远尟ãããããã«ã¯ãé¢ç©375å¹³æ¹ã¡ãŒãã«ãé·ã58ã¡ãŒãã«ãå®å
šã«å®æããæ§æã§ã¯ã倪éœé»æ± ããã«ã¯S3ãšP3ãã©ã¹ã«è£
åãããã¢ã«ãã¡ãžã³ãã« (SARJ) ãè»é1åšåã«ããããŠ1å転ãããããšã«ãã£ãŠå€ªéœã远跡ãããããŒã¿ãžã³ãã« (BGA) ã¯è»éé¢ãšå€ªéœã®è§åºŠã«åãããŠè§åºŠã調æŽãããã®ã§ããã®ã¢ã«ãã¡è»žãšããŒã¿è»žã®2軞ã®åããçµã¿åãããããšã§çºçé»åãæé©åããŠããïŒçºçé»åãå€ãããå Žåãè§åºŠã調ç¯ããããšã§å¯ŸåŠïŒãç±³åœã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã®å€ªéœé»æ± ã«ããæ倧çºé»é»åã¯çŽ120kWã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | eb5550bf3b |
|
000000973 | ç°å¢å¶åŸ¡ã»çåœç¶æã·ã¹ãã (ECLSS) | ISSã®ç°å¢å¶åŸ¡ã»çåœç¶æã·ã¹ãã (ECLSS) ã¯ãæ°å§ãé
žçŽ ã»äºé
žåççŽ ã®æ¿åºŠãæ°Žãç«çœæ¶ç«ããã®ä»ã®èŠçŽ ãæäŸãããã¯å¶åŸ¡ããã çåœç¶æã«é¢ããŠåžžã«æ³šæãæãããã®ã¯ISSå
ã®ç©ºæ°ã§ãããé
žçŽ ã®äŸçµŠã¯ããã·ã¢ã®ãšã¬ã¯ããã³ãšç±³åœã®OGS (Oxygen Generation System) ã§è¡ãããŠãããæ°Žãé»æ°å解ããŠé
žçŽ ãäœããšã¬ã¯ããã³ãOGSãæ
éãããã亀代æã«å®å®é£è¡å£«ãå¢ããããããšããVikaé
žçŽ çºçåšïŒãã£ã³ãã«ïŒããšåŒã°ããåç圢ã®SFOGïŒSolid Fuel Oxygen Generatorãåºäœçæé
žçŽ çºçè£
眮ïŒã䜿çšããããããã®è£
眮ã®ä»ã«ããã·ã¢ã®ããã°ã¬ã¹ãESAã®ATVã«ãã£ãŠé
žçŽ ã空æ°ãéã°ããã2015幎åãã§ATVã¯é圹ããããã2014幎10æïŒãã®ã·ã°ãã¹è£çµŠè¹3å·æ©ã¯æã¡äžãã«å€±æããããã次ã®ãã©ãŽã³5å·æ©ããéæ¬éå§ïŒããã¯åæ¥è£çµŠè¹ã§ãéæ¬ã§ããNORS (Nitrogen/Oxygen Recharge System) ãå©çšãããããã«ãªã£ããäºé
žåççŽ ã®é€å»ã¯ãäžåºŠãŒãªã©ã€ãã«åžçãããŠããè¹å€ã«æŸåºããããšã§åçãç¹°ãè¿ããã·ã¢ã®ããŽã©ãºããŒã¯ã(Vozdoch) ãšåŒã°ããè£
眮ãšç±³åœã®ãã·ãŒãã©ã(CDRA) ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ãããããŸããäžæçã«å®å®é£è¡å£«ãå¢ããå Žåãè£
眮ã®æ
éæã«ã¯ãæ°Žé
žåãªããŠã ã®å
¥ã£ã猶ã«åºå°å
ã®ç©ºæ°ãéããŠäºé
žåççŽ ãé€å»ãããã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ãšåãããã¿ã®äºåã®è£
眮ã䜿ãããšãã§ããã 次ã«éèŠãªã®ã¯ä¹å¡ãäœå
ããæåºãããæŽæµãªã©ã§äœ¿çšããæ°Žãè£
眮ç±æ¥ã®æ°Žãªã©ãæ°Žã®åéãšåçåŠçã§ãããæ°Žã¯ãããŸã§ãã·ã¢ã®ããšã¹ãšã«ããŒã«ãŒã(SRVK) ãšåŒã°ããè£
眮ã§åºå°ã®ç©ºæ°äžã®æ¹¿æ°ãåçµãããŠååãããŠããŠãã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã®çæé»æ± ãçãæ°Žãæ倧11ããã°ã©ã /æéãå ããŠã飲æçšãé
žçŽ çºçè£
眮çšã§äžè¶³ããåã¯ãåŸæ¥å¹ŽéçŽ6800ããã°ã©ã ãå°äžããè£çµŠãããŠããããããæ¹åããããã«STS-126ã§éã°ããç±³åœã®æ°Žåçã·ã¹ãã (Water Recovery System, WRS) ã¯ã空æ°äžã®åçµæ°Žã ãã§ãªãå°¿ãããæ°Žãåçããããšã§ãå°äžããã®æ°Žã®è£çµŠãã»ãšãã©å¿
èŠãšããªããªã£ããæ害ç©è³ªãèããé€å»ããã«ã¯ãäž»ã«æŽ»æ§çãã£ã«ã¿ã䜿çšããŠãããã·ã¢ã®BMPãšç±³åœã®TCCSã䜿ãããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | 2a9f0d31a7 |
|
000000974 | ISSé«åºŠã®æšç§»ã°ã©ããç¹ã«1999幎ãã2000幎ååã«ãããŠã400kmãã333kmãŸã§æ¥æ¿ã«äœäžããŠããã®ããããã | ISSã®è»éã¯æäœé«åºŠ278 kmããæé«é«åºŠ460 kmã®ç¯å²ã«ç¶æããããæé«é«åºŠå¶éã¯ããœãŠãŒãºå®å®è¹ã®ã©ã³ãããŒãå¯èœãª425 kmã§ãããæäœé«åºŠã¯ããªããŒã¹ãçã®å¶åŸ¡ãã§ããªããªã£ãç¶æ
ã§ãäžå®æéèœäžãé²ãã§å¯Ÿå¿ããæéã皌ãããã®é«åºŠã§èšå®ãããïŒãã®ãã倪éœæŽ»åã«äŒŽã£ãŠæäœé«åºŠå¶éãå€åããïŒã ISSã®é«åºŠã¯å€§æ°ã®æµæã«ãã£ãŠçµ¶ããäœäžããŠããã®ã§ãæ¯å¹Žæ°åãããé«ãé«åºŠã«äžæïŒãªããŒã¹ãïŒãããå¿
èŠããããé«åºŠã®ã°ã©ãã¯ãæ¯æçŽ2.5 kmãã€åŸã
ã«äœäžããããšã瀺ããŠããããªããŒã¹ãã¯ãºãŽã§ãºãåŸæ¹ã®2åºã®ãšã³ãžã³ããããã³ã°äžã®ã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã»ããã°ã¬ã¹è£çµŠè¹ã»ãããã¯ESAã®ATVã§å®è¡ããããšãã§ããã é«åºŠã®äžæã¯ãä»åŸã®é£è¡èšç»ããã¹ããŒã¹ãããªã®æ¥è¿ç¶æ³ãªã©ãèæ
®ããŠå®æœãããããã®ããçšã«ã§ã¯ããããé«åºŠãè¥å¹²äžããããããŠãããISSã®çµã¿ç«ãŠæ®µéã§ã¯ãã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ãã§ããã ãå€ãã®ãã€ããŒããISSãžéã¹ãããã«ãé«åºŠã¯æ¯èŒçäœãæããããŠããããã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«é圹åŸã¯ããããé«åºŠ400km以äžã§éçšãããããã«ãªã£ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | 525ca34695 |
|
000000975 | ç¡äººå®å®è£çµŠæ©ã®æ¯èŒãå·Šããããã°ã¬ã¹ãATVãHTVãšæ§æ³æ€èšäžã®HTV-Xããã©ãŽã³æšæºåãšæ¡åŒµåãã·ã°ãã¹æšæºåãšæ¡åŒµåã倩èãèµ€ãäžå§åºç»ãæ©ãéäžå§åºç»ãéãçæåºç»ã | 2011幎7æã«ã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ãé圹ããåŸãã°ããã¯ãISSãžã®äººå¡èŒžéã«ã¯ãœãŠãŒãºå®å®è¹ã貚ç©èŒžéã«ã¯ããã°ã¬ã¹è£çµŠè¹ã欧å·è£çµŠæ© (ATV)ãå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³è£çµŠæ© (HTV) ã®ã¿ã䜿çšãããŠããããããã°ã¬ã¹è£çµŠè¹ãATVãHTVã«ã¯è²šç©ååèœåã¯ãªãããœãŠãŒãºã¯ããã60kgã®æè·ç©ããååã§ããªããããISSããå°çãžè²šç©ãæã¡åž°ãèœåãæå°ãšãªã£ãã ã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«é圹åŸã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ISSãžã®äººå¡ã»è²šç©èŒžéæ段ãšããŠã¯ãåæ¥è»é茞éãµãŒãã¹ (COTS) ã«ããéçºããããæ°éäŒæ¥ã¹ããŒã¹X瀟ã®ãã¡ã«ã³ã³9ãšãã©ãŽã³è£çµŠæ©ããªãŒãã¿ã«ã»ãµã€ãšã³ã·ãºç€Ÿã®ã¢ã³ã¿ã¬ã¹ãšã·ã°ãã¹è£çµŠæ©ã䜿çšããåæ¥è£çµŠãµãŒãã¹ (CRS) ã掻çšããããã©ãŽã³å®å®è¹ã¯2012幎5æ26æ¥ã«æ°éå®å®è¹ãšããŠåããŠISSã«ãããã³ã°ããŠè£çµŠã«æåãã5æ31æ¥ (UTC) ã«å€ªå¹³æŽã«çæ°Žãåž°éãããããã«ããISSããã®è²šç©ã®ååãåã³å¯èœãšãªã£ãã10æ10æ¥ã«ã¯åã®åæ¥è£çµŠãµãŒãã¹ (CRS) ããã·ã§ã³ã«æåããã NASAã¯2011幎5æã«ãã³ã³ã¹ãã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³èšç»ã§äœ¿çšãããäºå®ã ã£ããªãªãªã³å®å®è¹ã®èšèšãæµçšããæ°ããªãªãªãªã³å®å®è¹ (Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, MPCV) ã®éçºãçºè¡šãããæ°ããªãªãªãªã³å®å®è¹ã®ç¡äººãã¹ãæ©EFT-1ã¯2014幎12æã«ãã«ã¿IV Heavyãã±ããã§æã¡äžããããããŸã2011幎9æã«ãã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã®åŸç¶ãšããŠãªãªãªã³å®å®è¹ãæã¡äžããããšã«ãªãNASAç¬èªã®æã¡äžããã±ãããšããŠããµã¿ãŒã³Vãã±ãããè¶
ããèŠæš¡ã®ã¹ããŒã¹ã»ããŒã³ãã»ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºãçºè¡šãããããããããªãªãªã³å®å®è¹ã«ããISSãžã®å®å®é£è¡å£«ã®èŒžéä»»åã¯ãã®åŸãã£ã³ã»ã«ãããåæ¥ã¯ã«ãŒèŒžéæ©ïŒã¹ããŒã¹X瀟ã®ãã©ãŽã³2ãšããŒã€ã³ã°ç€Ÿã®CST-100ïŒã«ä»»ããããšã«ãªãããªãªãªã³å®å®è¹ã¯æ人ã§ã®æ·±å®å®æ¢æ»ãšåæ¥ã¯ã«ãŒèŒžéèšç»ãäžæããããªãã£ãæã®ããã¯ã¢ããã®äœçœ®ã¥ããšãªã£ãŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | 40d3766be9 |
|
000000976 | ãã©ã¹ã茞éäžã®ã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã | 2011幎7æã«é圹ãããŸã§NASAãISSãžã®äººå¡ãšå»ºèšè³æãšè£çµŠç©è³ã®èŒžéã®ããã«éçšããŠãã茞éæ©ãISS建èšè³æã®å€§åã茞éããã»ãã7åã®äººå¡ãšããããã¢ãŒã ãæèŒã§ããç¹ã«å»ºèšåæ段éã§ã¯äœæ¥åºå°ã®åœ¹å²ãæãããã人å¡äº€ä»£ã«ã䜿ããããããœãŠãŒãºå®å®è¹ã6ã¶æããšã«äº€æããéã«äººå¡äº€ä»£ãè¡ãããããè£å©çãªåœ¹å²ã«ãšã©ãŸã£ãã æ¥ç±³æ¬§ã®å®éšã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãªã©ããã·ã¢ä»¥å€ã®äžå§ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯ã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã§èŒžéãããããã®ããããããã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã¯å
šãŠã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã®ãã€ããŒããã€ã«åããã寞æ³ã圢ç¶ãééã«ãªã£ãŠããããã ããã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã®åºŠéãªãæ¹è¯ïŒäž»ã«å®å
šæ§åäžïŒã«ããæèŒå¯èœãªééã¯èšç»åœåããæžå°ããŠãããããäžéšã®å€§åã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ïŒãã¹ãã£ããŒãããŒãè¹å
å®éšå®€ïŒã¯è¹å
æ©åšã®äžéšãå¥äŸ¿ã§èŒžéããããåŸãªããªã£ãã è£çµŠã«ã¯ã倧ããåããŠ4ã€ã®æ¹æ³ãçšãããã²ãšã€ã¯ãã¹ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãã«ã®è¹å
ã«è£çµŠåãæèŒãããããã³ã°è£
眮ãéããŠéæ¬ããæ¹æ³ã§ããããããã³ã°è£
眮ã®éè·¯ã¯çŽåŸ60ã»ã³ãã¡ãŒãã«çšåºŠãšçããè¹å
ã¹ããŒã¹ã䜿çšãããã茞éåã¯å°ããããè£å©çã«æ¯å䜿ãããŠããæ¹æ³ã§ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | f73b5646d8 |
|
000000977 | åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒãããããã¡ã
ãã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãè±: International Space Stationãç¥ç§°ïŒISSãä»: Station spatiale internationaleãç¥ç§°ïŒSSIãé²: ÐежЎÑМаÑПÌÐŽÐœÐ°Ñ ÐºÐŸÑЌОÌÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÑаÌÐœÑОÑãç¥ç§°ïŒÐÐСïŒã¯ãäœè»éã«ããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«åŒã®å®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ïŒå±
äœå¯èœãªäººå·¥è¡æïŒã§ãããããã¯ãNASAïŒç±³åœïŒããã¹ã³ã¹ã¢ã¹ïŒãã·ã¢ïŒãJAXAïŒæ¥æ¬ïŒãESAïŒãšãŒãããïŒãCSAïŒã«ããïŒã®5ã€ã®å®å®æ©é¢ãåå ããå€åœç±å
±åãããžã§ã¯ãã§ãããå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã®æææš©ãšäœ¿çšã¯ãæ¿åºéæ¡çŽãšåå®ã«ãã£ãŠç¢ºç«ãããŠããããã®å®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯å®å®çç©åŠã倩æåŠãæ°è±¡åŠãç©çåŠãªã©ã®åéã§ç§åŠç 究ãè¡ã埮å°éåãšå®å®ç°å¢ã®ç 究æãšããŠæ©èœãããISSã¯ãæãšç«æãžã®å°æ¥ã®é·æããã·ã§ã³ã«å¿
èŠãªå®å®è¹ã·ã¹ãã ãšæ©åšã®ãã¹ãã«é©ããŠããã ISSããã°ã©ã ã¯ã1984幎ã«æä¹
çã«æ人ã®å°çåšåã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã建èšããããã«èæ¡ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ææ¡ã§ããå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ããªãŒãã ãšã1976幎ããã®åæ§ã®ç®çãæã€åææã®ãœããšã/ãã·ã¢ã®ããŒã«2ææ¡ããçºå±ãããISSã¯ããœããšããåŸã«ãã·ã¢ã®ãµãªã¥ãŒããã¢ã«ããŒã¹ãããŒã«ã®åã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ãšã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¹ã«ã€ã©ãã«ç¶ããŠãä¹çµå¡ãå±
äœãã9çªç®ã®å®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãããããã¯ãå®å®ã§æ倧ã®äººå·¥è¡æã§ãããäœè»éã§æ倧ã®è¡æã§ãããå°çã®è¡šé¢ããèçŒã§å®æçã«èŠãããšãã§ããããºãŽã§ãºããµãŒãã¹ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãŸãã¯èšªåããŠããå®å®è¹ã®ãšã³ãžã³ã䜿çšããåããŒã¹ãæäœã«ããå¹³åé«åºŠ400 kmïŒ250ãã€ã«ïŒã®è»éãç¶æãããISSã¯çŽ93åã§å°çãäžåšãã1æ¥ãããå°çã15.5åšåããã ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯2ã€ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«åãããŠããããã·ã¢è»éã»ã°ã¡ã³ã (ROS) ã¯ãã·ã¢ã«ãã£ãŠéå¶ãããŠãããç±³åœè»éã»ã°ã¡ã³ã (USOS) ã¯ç±³åœãšä»ã®åœã«ãã£ãŠéå¶ãããŠããããã·ã¢ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã«ã¯6ã€ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãå«ãŸããŠãããç±³åœã®ã»ã°ã¡ã³ãã«ã¯10ã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ãå«ãŸããŠããããã®ãµããŒããµãŒãã¹ã¯NASAã§76.6%ãJAXAã§12.8%ãESAã§8.3%ãCSAã§2.3%ã«åæ£ãããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/åœéå®å®ã¹ããŒã·ã§ã³ | fb0b15876e |
|
000000978 | ããŒãªïŒãã¥ãŽã§ã«ã㌠| éå¿ã¿ãªããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã®ããšã ããããã®å€§éæã¡ã®è人ã«æ©ã売ã£ãŠããã°ã©ãã»ã©ã®èŠè¿ããããããç¬æã«ç解ããããšã ãããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯ãã®å¯è±ªã«æ©ã売ãã¹ãããŸã4人ã®ç姫ãã¡ã«ç®ãä»ãããæ¥ãããã圌女ãã¡ã®é¡ãã«ãã¡ããšç¢ºå®ã«çããŠãã圌ã«ãšã£ãŠãéå±ããã£ã圌女ãå£è»ã«ä¹ããŠãè¥ãç·ã®å€§å¢ãã士å®åŠæ ¡ã«é£ããŠããããšãªã©ããããããšã§ãã£ãã士å®åŠæ ¡ã蚪ãã圌女ãã¡ã¯ãã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒã«ãã£ãŠç倧ã«è¿ãããã圌ã«åã£ãŠããŒãã«ã·ã§ãè€ãã¡ãããªã©ã倧æºè¶³ããŠåž°ã£ãŠãã£ããšããã士å®åŠæ ¡ã蚪ããåšãã¡ãåãã§ããã®ãç¥ã£ãŠãåœçã«ã€15äžã¯å€§ãã«å¿ãåãããã1760幎8æ12æ¥ãã€ãã«å£«å®åŠæ ¡ã蚪åããã®ã ã£ããæ²é¡ãæããããã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒã¯ãããŒãã«ã·ã§ã«ãã®ã瀌ãšããŠãæ§ã
ãªçµæžçãªæŽå©ãæãã¿ãªãäžããã6000ãªãŒãŽã«ã®å¹ŽéãåŸæã®éèæ¥ã§ã®å©èšãæå°ãèè³ãªã©ã窮ä¹ã«èŠããã§ããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ã©ããæãé£ããã®ã°ããã§ãã£ããããããŠäžæ°ã«è²¡æ¿ç¶æ³ã¯æ¹åããã以åŸé°»ç»ãã®ããšããè±ãã«ãªã£ãŠãã£ãã®ã§ããã 1761幎12æãããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯ãã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒã«çšç«ãŠãŠããã£ã55000ãªãŒãŽã«ã«ãææã¡é30000ãªãŒãŽã«ãå ããŠããåœçç§æžå®ããšããè©æžã賌å
¥ããããã®è©æžã¯ãå¹³æ°ã®å粧ç³é¹žããªã©ãšåŒã°ããŠèèŠãããŠããããééããªãéã«ãªãè©æžã§ããããã®äžè³Œå
¥è
ã®èº«åãã©ãã§ããæ£åŒã«è²ŽæãšããŠèªããããè·æ¥ã§ãã£ããããã«1762幎ã«å
¥ããšãåœæãã©ã³ã¹ã18ã®åºã«åããŠç®¡èœããŠããã森ææ°Žè³æºä¿è·é·å®ãã®ã²ãšã€ã«ç©ºããåºããå·šé¡ã®åå
¥ããããããã¹ãã§ãããããã ãã«å€æ®µãé«ãã£ãã(çŸåšã®æ¥æ¬åã§5000äžååŸ)ããã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒã¯æããããªãããã«å¿
èŠãªè³éãæäŸããããã®æã¯ä»ã®é·å®ãã¡ã®çå察ã«éã£ãŠãç姫ãã¡ã®åŸæŒããèããæã«å
¥ããããšã¯ã§ããªãã£ããããã®ä»£ããã«ç¿å¹Žã«ãªã£ãŠãã«ãŒãŽã«ç©çåºç宀æå°ç®¡çãªãã³ã«åœç代å®åºã«ãããç©çç·ä»£å®ããªãè©æžãæã«å
¥ãããç宀ã®æå°ã管çããå¯çè
ãããã°æçžããŠè£ãã®ãä»»åã§ãããã代å®ããšããããã«æ¬æ¥ã¯ã管çé·å®ãããã©ã»ãŽã¡ãªãšãŒã«å
¬çµãä»»åã«ãããã¹ããªã®ã ããã»ãšãã©ã®ä»äºãããŒãã«ã·ã§ãããªãããšããã圌ã¯1785幎ãŸã§ã22幎éã«äºã£ãŠãã®ä»äºãç¶ããããã®è©æžãæã«å
¥ããã®ãšåãããã4é建ãŠã®å®¶ã建ãŠãç¶èŠªãš2人ã®åŠ¹ãåŒãåã£ãããããªãŒãã»ã«ãã«ãã³ãšãã西ã€ã³ã諞島åºèº«ã®å¥³æ§ãšæ仲ã«ãªã£ããããŠãããããªãŒãã¯å€§å€ãªçŸå¥³ã§ãã£ããããããææå°ã«é¢é£ããŠè² åµãæ±ããŠããããã«ãåå©ã«ã¯æ
éã«ãªã£ãŠããããã ããã©ã³ã±å€«äººãšã®çµå©ã®åŸå§æ«ã§ãããã¶ãèŸé
žãèããããšã圱é¿ããŠããã®ã ããã 1764幎2æãããŒãã«ã·ã§ãšãã®äžå®¶ã«ãšã£ãŠå€§åé¡ãçºçãããã¹ãã€ã³ã«å±
äœãã次å§ããçµå©ã®çŽæãåãç·ã«2床ãç Žè«ã«ãããã²ã©ã䟮蟱ã«èŠãã¿ãæ³£ãã¯ãããŠããããšã®ç¥ãããèã蟌ãã§ããã®ã§ãããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯ãã®äžä»¶ããåŸå¹Žã«ãªã£ãŠã1764幎ãã¹ãã€ã³æ
è¡èšæç« ããšããŠèšããŠããããäºå®ã«å³ããŠæžãããŠããããå€åã«ãã£ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå«ãã§ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã³ã»ãã»ããŒãã«ã·ã§ | f38673dc70 |
|
000000979 | ãŠãŒãžã§ããŒã®æ¿çµµ | 森æéçºãå·¡ã£ãŠå¬äœ¿ãšã®æ»çšœãªéäºãç¹°ãåºããŠããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã§ãã£ãããäœããã®æéäžãã£ãšããã«ã®ãã蟌ãã§ããããã§ã¯ãªãã£ãããã®é ã®åœŒã®ç掻ã¯ãå
å®ãããã®ã§ãã£ããåäœå®¶ãšããŠæŽ»åãå§ããã®ããã®é ã§ããããŸããããã¥ãŒäœããŠãŒãžã§ããŒãã1767幎1æ29æ¥ã«ãã³ã¡ãã£ãŒã»ãã©ã³ã»ãŒãºã§åæŒãããããã®äœåã¯ãŸããŸãã®æåãåããã®ã§ãããã«ç¶ããŠç¬¬2äœç®ã2人ã®åããŸãã¯ãªãšã³ã®å人ããå¶äœãã1770幎1æ13æ¥ã«åæŒããããããã¡ãã¯å€§å€±æããŠããŸã£ãããã®2äœåã®ãžã£ã³ã«ã¯çºæ°åãšåŒã°ãããã®ã§ããããç¶æ³èšå®ã«ç¡çãããçç«ãŠã§ãç¹ã«ããã¯2äœç®ã®ã2人ã®åãã«ãããŠé¡èã§ãããäžæŒã¯ãã£ã10åã§æã¡åãããæ¹è©å®¶ããã¯ã宮廷ã§è·ã賌ã£ããã空åšåŒµãããããäžæãããªèå±
ãæžãããããããæèšã補äœããŠããã»ãããã£ãšãŸãã ã£ãããšãèŸèŸ£ãªæ¹å€ãæãã€ããããå§æ«ã§ãã£ãããããŸã§ã«èŠãŠããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã®è¡åãããã£ãŠããã®ä»¶ã§ãäœããã®è¡åãèµ·ããããšæãããããã®ä»¶ã«é¢ããŠã¯æ²é»ã貫ãããããããããªãçããšãããçªãããŠãã£ããææ°æ¶æ²ããã®ã§ããããä»åŸçŽç¶ããçºæ°åãæžãããšã¯ãªããªã£ããããã®çŸåŠãæŸæ£ããããã§ã¯ãªãããšã¯ãã£ã¬ãã®3éšäœã«ãã£ãŠç€ºãããã®ã§ããã 1768幎4æã36æ³ã®ãšãã«ãžã¥ããŽã£ãšãŒãŽïŒããã¬ãŒãã»ã¯ãããã¬ããšåå©ããã圌女ã¯ç宀å
žç€Œç£ç£å®(1767幎12æã«æ»äº¡)ã®æªäº¡äººã§ãã£ããããã€ãããã亀éãå§ããã®ãã¯ããããªããéåžž10ãæéãšãããæåªæéãç¡èŠããŠãŸã§çµå©ããŠããããšããå¯ããã«ã倫婊仲ã¯çžåœã«è¯ãã£ãããã ãå幎ã®12æã«ã¯é·ç·ãèªçããŠãããšãããèãããšãæªäº¡äººãšãªãåããé¢ä¿ããã£ãã®ã¯ç¢ºå®ã§ãããã倫劻ã®éã«ã¯2人ã®åäŸãçãŸããããããããå€æããã倫人ã«ã¯äº¡ã倫ããã®å€é¡ã®å¹Žéãå
¥ããããç掻ã¯è±ãã§ãã£ãããæåã®çµå©ãšåæ§ã«ãã®çµå©ãé·ãã¯ç¶ããªãã£ãã1770幎3æã«åšãåºç£ãããããã倫人ã®å¥åº·ã¯æªåããèºçµæ žã«çœ¹æ£ããŠ11æã«æ»å»ããŠããŸã£ããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯å€«äººãæåãçè·ãããšäŒãããå€äžã«èºçµæ žã®çç¶ãæ¿ããå³ã®çºäœã«èŠãã倫人ãåãã«æã£ãŠãç
æ°ããã€ããšå®¶æã«å¿ åãããŠãèãå
¥ãããããããå
±ã«ããŠåœŒå¥³ãåŽããç¶ããããããå»è
ã«åŒ·å¶çã«æ¢ããããããéã«ã¯ãå¥ã®ãããã倫人ã®éšå±ã«å
¥ããŠãææãçåã£ããšããã 1770幎ã¯è²ã
ãªæå³ã§ããŒãã«ã·ã§ã®ç涯ã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªå¹Žãšãªã£ããå
è¿°ãã倫人ãšã®æ»å¥ããã£ãããããŒãªïŒãã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒã亡ããªã£ã幎ã§ããã£ãããã ããã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒã¯ããŒãã«ã·ã§ãšç¥ãåã£ã1670幎以æ¥ãçµæžçã«ãã粟ç¥çã«ã圌ã«æãã¿ãªãæŽå©ãäžãã倧æ©äººã§ãã£ããããã圌ã霢86ãšãªããæ»ã¯ç¢ºå®ã«è¿ã¥ããŠãããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯ããã®è«å€§ãªéºç£ãå·¡ãåé¡ã®çºçãæªç¶ã«é²ãããšããŠãééçãªåé¡ããã¡ããšçåã«åŠçããŠããããšèããããã®å¹Žã«å
¥ã£ãŠããããæçŽã§ããåãããçµæã4æ1æ¥ä»ã§2éã®èšŒæžãåã亀ãããã蚌æžã§ã¯ããŒãã«ã·ã§ãšãã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒã®ééã®è²žãåãã詳现ã«åæããããã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒã«ããã14äžãªãŒãŽã«ã®åéããã£ãããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯ãäžåºŠãã®åéãçžæ®ºããŠãå°åæã§16äžãªãŒãŽã«ããã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒã«æž¡ããŠãã·ãã³ã®æ£®éçºèšç»ããã®æ€éãèªããããšã«ãããäžæ¹ã§ãã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒã¯ãããŒãã«ã·ã§ãåéãå
šé¡è¿æžããããšãèªããããã§ãéã«98000ãªãŒãŽã«ãããŒãã«ã·ã§ã«åããŠããã®ã§ããã®ãã¡ã®15000ãªãŒãŽã«ã¯è«æ±ããã次第è¿æžããä»åŸ8幎ã«äºã£ãŠ750000ãªãŒãŽã«ãç¡å©åã§è²žãä»ããããšãçŽæããã®ã§ãã£ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã³ã»ãã»ããŒãã«ã·ã§ | beb40886ab |
|
000000980 | ã»ããªã¢ã®ç髪垫 | 1772幎2æ22æ¥ã第äžå¯©ã®å€æ±ºãäžããããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã®å蚎ã§ããããã®å€æ±ºã§ã¯ãã¥ãŽã§ã«ããŒãšã®éã«äº€ããã蚌æžã®æå¹æ§ãèªãããã15000ãªãŒãŽã«ã®æ¯æãåœä»€ã¯åºãããªãã£ããããå床æç¶ããåã£ãŠãå幎3æ14æ¥ã«ãã¡ãã§ãæ£åŒã«åœä»€ãåŒãåºãããã ããã©ã»ãã©ã·ã¥äŒ¯çµãè² ããŠã¯ããªãã£ãã圌ã¯ãã®æ³å»·ãæ¬ åžããããã§ãé«çæ³é¢ã«æ蚎ãã審çäžã§ããäºå®ãäœã£ãŠå€æ±ºãå®è¡ã§ããªãããã«äŒãŠãã®ã ãããããŠãå Žæãé«çæ³é¢ãžãšç§»ããè£å€ã®å¯©çã¯ç¶ããŠãã£ããå®å
šãªæ±ºçãã€ããã®ã¯1778幎ã®ããšã§ããããã®è£å€ã®åœ±é¿ãããã»ããªã¢ã®ç髪垫ãã®ç¬¬2å¹ç¬¬8æ¯ã®å°è©ã«èŠãããã1773幎1æ3æ¥ããã»ããªã¢ã®ç髪垫ããã³ã¡ãã£ãŒã»ãã©ã³ã»ãŒãºã«äžæŒåè£äœåãšããŠåçãããã åœæã®ããªã§ã¯ãããã²ãšãã®å¥³åªãããããéçŽã®ç·ãã¡ãæ¹ãã€ããŠãããååãã¡ããŒã«å¬¢ãšããã宮廷貎æããçºæ°ãŸã§èª°ããå
ã競ã£ãŠåœŒå¥³ã«è¿ã¥ããããã圌女ã®ããã«å€§éãã¯ãããŠããã圌女ãäžéãã®ç·ããèŽãç©ãåãåã£ããšãããžããã©ã³ã¹åäºå€§è²Žæã®ã·ã§ãŒãå
¬çµããã®ç«¶äºãžå ããããã¡ãŸã¡ã»ãã®ç·ãã¡ã蹎æ£ãããŠåœŒå¥³ãèªåã®æ人ãšããåšãŸã§ç£ãŸããã«è³ã£ããã·ã§ãŒãå
¬çµã¯ç¢ºãã«è¡çã¯æ矀ã«è¯ãã£ããã®ã®ãç°åžžãªæ§æ Œã®æã¡äž»ã§ãã£ããææ°ã®ããç·ã§ã¯ãã£ãããå€æåã«ä¹ãããé«æ
¢ã§ãããç²æŽãªç·ã§ãã£ãããªããã¯ããããªããããã®å
¬çµã¯ããŒãã«ã·ã§ãæ°ã«å
¥ãã亀éãçµãã§ãããšããã æ®éã«ããŠããã°ãã®ãŸãŸå¹žçŠã«éãããã ãããã®ããå€æåã«ä¹ããå
¬çµã¯ãèªãäœèšãªããšããã§ããããããæ¥ãå
¬çµã¯æ人ã§ããã¡ããŒã«å¬¢ã®å®¶ã«èŠªããå人ãã¡ãæãããšèããããã®æãããå人ã®ãã¡ã®1人ããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã§ãã£ããäŒãã£ãŠããè³æããå¯ããã«ãè¡ç以å€ã«é
åã®ãªãå
¬çµã®ã©ãã奜ãã«ãªã£ãã®ãã¯ããããªãããã¡ããŒã«å¬¢ã圌ã®å«åŠ¬ãšä¹±æŽã«ã¯èŸæããŠããããããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã®ç䟯貎æããªããã®åªé
ãªç©è
°ã«ã¡ããŒã«å¬¢ã¯æ¹ãããããããããã«é¢ä¿ãå§ãŸã£ãããã ããšããããããŒãã«ã·ã§ãçžå€ããã軜çã§ãã£ãã圌ã¯ã¡ããŒã«å¬¢ãšèªåã®é¢ä¿ãèšãèš³ããããšå
¬çµã«å®ãŠãŠæçŽãèªãããããã®å
容ããããã²ã©ããã®ã§ãã£ããçžæã®å«åŠ¬å¿ãåºæ¿ããèšè¿°ããå§ãŸãã延ã
ãšå
¬çµãæããããããªç®èãèšèã䞊ã¹ç«ãŠãææã«è«ã®ããææ¡ã§æçŽãç· ãããããç°åžžãªæ§æ Œã®æã¡äž»ã«ããã£ãšãæãå
容ã®æçŽãéã£ãã®ã ã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã³ã»ãã»ããŒãã«ã·ã§ | ddf71f62be |
|
000000981 | ããªã³ã»ãã»ããŒã¢ã³ | 1775幎ããŸãããŠãããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯çã®å¯åœãåããŠæŽ»åããªããã°ãªããªããªã£ããããªã³ã»ãã»ããŒã¢ã³ãšããç·ããå€äº€äžã®æžé¡ãæ
ã«ã€15äžã®æžç°¡ãæããŠããããšãå€æããããã§ããããã®ç·ãæã£ãŠããææžã®äžã«ã¯ãã«ã€15äžãå¯ãã«èšç»ããŠããã€ã®ãªã¹äžéžäœæŠèšç»æžããã£ããããããã©ã³ã¹æ¿åºãšããŠã¯çµ¶å¯Ÿã«ãããã®ææžãæµåºãããããã«ã¯ãããªãã£ãã ããªã³ã»ãã»ããŒã¢ã³ãšããç·ã¯ã1728幎çãŸãã§ã士çµã®ç§°å·ãæã£ãŠãããè¥ãæãã女æ§ãšééãããããããªçŸè²ã®æã¡äž»ã§ãã£ãããããã«ã€15äžã®åœä»€ã§å¥³è£
ããŠãã·ã¢å®®å»·ã«ä»ãããšã«ãã§ãªãŒã2äžã®èªåŠæåž«ãåãããšããã1763幎ã«ã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã§ç¹åœå
šæš©å
¬äœ¿ãšããŠåœçã®å¯åœã垯ã³ãŠå·¥äœãè¡ã£ãããåœæã®ã€ã®ãªã¹é§åšãã©ã³ã¹å€§äœ¿ã²ã«ã·ãŒäŒ¯çµãšæ¿ãã察ç«ãã圌ã倱èãããåå ãäœã£ããã²ã«ã·ãŒèŠªåã®æšã¿ãè²·ã£ããããããªã³ãç¹åœå
šæš©å
¬äœ¿ã®å°äœãå¥å¥ªãããããåœçã¯åœŒã®èœåãé«ãè©äŸ¡ããŠããããã幎éãäžããŠãã®ãŸãŸã€ã®ãªã¹ã«æ»åšãããŠããã®ã§ãã£ãããã®é ããåžžã«å¥³è£
ãå§ãããããããã®å€è£
ã¯ã圌ã®æ§å¥ãè³ãã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªãã»ã©å®ç§ãªãã®ã§ãã£ããšããã ããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯1775幎4ææ«ãäžæçã«ãã³ãã³ã«æ»åšããŠãããããªã³ã¯ãã®æ
å ±ãæŽã¿ãããŒãã«ã·ã§ã«æ¥è§ŠããŠããã§ã«åããŠãã幎éã«å ããŠ30äžãªãŒãŽã«ãèŠæ±ããæå¿ãããããšãåãããããªã³ã¯ãããŒãã«ã·ã§ã女æ§ã«åªããããããæã£ãŠããããšãçç ŽããŠããããã§ãããã«ã€ã蟌ãããšã«èŠäºã«æåãããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯ãå
å倧è£ã«æé²ããŠãããµã«ãã£ãŒãã«ããªã³ã®èŠæ±ãäŒãããµã«ãã£ãŒãã¯å€å倧è£ãŽã§ã«ãžã§ã³ãã«è©±ãéããŠãããŒãã«ã·ã§å®ã«äº€æžäŸé Œç¶ãéä»ããããããæ£åŒãªäº€æžãšãªãã®ã¯ã8ææ«ã®ããšã§ãã£ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã³ã»ãã»ããŒãã«ã·ã§ | c2a3354b74 |
|
000000982 | ããŒãã«ã·ã§éžã®è±ªå¥¢ãªåºå | 1787幎6æããã¹ãã£ãŒãŠåç Šåã®ãµã³ã¿ã³ãã¯ãŒãè¡ã®åå°ã競売ã«ä»ãããŠããããšãç¥ã£ãããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯ããããããã20äžãªãŒãŽã«ã§èœæãã170äžãªãŒãŽã«ã®å€§éããããŠè±ªéžã建èšããã建èšå®æãšåæã«ããã®å°åºã®åºé·ã«éžã°ããŠãããåºå€§ãªåå°ã«èŽ
ã®éããå°œããã豪奢ãªå»ºç©ã¯ãæ³åŸãç¯ããŠããããªãã£ãããåŠäœããå Žæãæªããããåžæ°ãã¡ãæ§äœå¶ã®è±¡åŸŽãšèŠåããŠãããã¹ãã£ãŒãŠåç Šã®åã®åå°ã«ããã»ã©ã®è±ªéžã建ç¯ããããã«ã庶æ°ããæ¿çãªåæãè²·ã£ãã®ã§ããã圌ãã«è¥²ãããªãããã«æ¥ãããã貧è
ãã¡ãžã®æœããå¿ããªãã£ãããããã§ãèªå®
ããããé ããªããšããã§åžæ°ãã¡ã«ããæŸç«æŽåéšããªã©ããã£ãŠå¿é
ã«ãªã£ãã®ããèŠå¯é·å®ãžæ²»å®ã®å埩ãæ±ãããããŠãããåžæ°ãã¡ã¯ããŒãã«ã·ã§ãæ§äœå¶åŽã®äººéãšèŠåããŠããããã§ãããªã»ã³ãã¥ãŒã³ã®ã¡ã³ããŒãšããŠæéãããéã«ããã³ã«ããã³ãšã®äžä»¶ã§åœŒã«æµå¯Ÿãã人éãã¡ããæ¿ããéé£ãæããããã°ããã¡ã³ããŒããå€ãããã»ã©ã§ãã£ãã 1792幎3æ2æ¥ã圌ã®å
ãžããæçŽãå±ãããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã®æ¿åã®äººçã®ç· ããããã«ãµããããäºä»¶ã®å§ãŸãã§ããããã®æçŽã¯ãã«ã®ãŒãããªã¥ãã»ã«åšäœã®å人ãã©ãšãŒãšããç·ãå·®ãåºãããã®ã§ãããŒãã«ã·ã§ã«ããååŒãç³ãåºãå
容ã§ãã£ãã ãã®åœæã®ãã«ã®ãŒã§ã¯ãã©ãã³ãé©åœãäžæçãªæåãæ²»ããŠããããæå°è
ãã¡ã仲éããèµ·ãããŠçµå±å€±æãçæéã§åã³ããã¹ãã«ã¯å®¶ã®æ¯é
äžã«çµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠããããã©ãšãŒã¯ãã®é©åœã®éã«ããã¹ãã«ã¯å®¶ã«å³æ¹ããããã«è²¡ç£ã没åããããªã©å€§æ害ãåããŠããããé©åœã®å€±æã«ãã£ãŠãããè£åããŠããããããšã«ãªã£ããé©åœã«éããŠè¿œæŸããããšãŒãŒã2äžã¯ç
æ»ããŠããŸã£ãããããã«ã®ãŒçåžã®åº§ã«çŽãŸã£ãã¬ãªãã«ã2äžã¯ãã©ãšãŒã«ãã©ãã³ãäžã®å°éãè²·ãåãç¬å æš©ãäžããããã ããã®éã¯é©åœè»ããæ¥åãããã®ã§ãããããããããã¹ãŠãåœå€ã«å£²ãé£ã°ãããšãæ¡ä»¶ã§ãã£ããæ°ã«ããŠ20äžæºã®éãçšæã§ãããã®ã®ãããã»ã©ã®éãæãèœåããã©ãšãŒã«ã¯ãªãã£ãããã§ãå°ãã¯ãŠãæ«ã«ããŒãã«ã·ã§ã«ç®ãä»ããæ··ä¹±ã極ããŠãããã©ã³ã¹ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ããããšææ¡ããŠããã®ã§ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã³ã»ãã»ããŒãã«ã·ã§ | de9e7a6732 |
|
000000983 | ããŒãã«ã·ã§ã®ç ãå¢ | ããªã«æ»ã£ãããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯ãåã³å¹žããªå®¶åºç掻ãåãæ»ãããã«ããããåãåã£ãããããšãšãã«ãå°éååŒã®ä»¶ã§ééç決çãã€ããã¹ãããã©ã³ã¹æ¿åºãšã®äº€æžã«ä¹ãåºããã1797幎1æãç·è£æ¿åºã¯å§å¡äŒãçµç¹ããŠãã®åé¡ã®èª¿æ»ã«ä¹ãåºãããã©ã¡ããã©ãã»ã©ã®åµåãè² ã£ãŠããã®ããå§å¡äŒã¯åé¡ã粟æ»ãã調æ»ã«ä¹ãåºããŠãã1幎åŸã«ããŒãã«ã·ã§ãåµæš©è
ãšèŠåããŠããã©ã³ã¹æ¿åºã«100äžãã©ã³ãæ¯æãããã«çµè«ä»ãããé¡ã«äžæºããã£ãã®ãããããäžæãšããããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯å審çãèŠæ±ããããä»åºŠã¯æ£å察ã®çµè«ãåºãŠããŸã£ããåœç¶ããŒãã«ã·ã§ã¯ããã«çŽåŸãããåã³å¯©çãèŠæ±ããããçµè«ã¯å€ãããªãã£ããå€æ±ºã®äžåœæ§ã蚎ããããã«è²¡å倧è£ã«æçŽãéããªã©ããŠããããçµå±ããŒãã«ã·ã§ã®çåã«ãã®åé¡ã¯çä»ãããéå»ãã3幎åŸã®1802幎ã«ãããã決çããã åž°åœåŸã®ããŒãã«ã·ã§ã®ç掻ã¯ãçå®ã«ç«ã¡çŽãã€ã€ãã£ããåå£ã§ã®å声ãã眪ããæ¯ãã®åæŒã«ãã£ãŠå埩ããŠãããã1799幎5æ18æ¥ãå®ããã«ç ãããã«æ»ãã§ãã£ããæ»å ã¯è³åäžã§ãã£ããããããèŠããã 圢跡ã¯èŠãããªãã£ããšãããéºäœã¯èªéžã®åºã®äžé
ã«è¬ããããã1822幎ã«ããŒã«ã»ã©ã·ã§ãŒãºå¢å°ã«ç§»ãããããã€ãŠåœŒã®è±ªéžãç«ã£ãŠããéãã¯ãçŸåšããŒãã«ã·ã§å€§éããšããŠç¥ãããŠããã ãšãããæžãæã¯èŠªåã§ããããããã®ç¹ãæèããªããã°ãªããªãããããŒãã«ã·ã§ãç涯ã«äºã£ãŠå¥³æ§ã«äººæ°ããã£ãã®ã¯äºå®ã§ããããããåŸåã«ããããã«ãåæ§ããããã°èªä¿¡éå°ãªæããããç·ãšæ ã£ããããããªããå®éã身åã®äœãããŒãã«ã·ã§ãé«è²Žãªèº«åã®æ·å¥³ãã¡ããšããã«ããããã«ãæ°ã
ã®èª¹è¬äžå·ããªãããäžã
å
æããªããã°ãªããªãã£ãããã ã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã³ã»ãã»ããŒãã«ã·ã§ | 56d3f4f4aa |
|
000000984 | ã«ãã³ã»ãã»ããŒãã«ã·ã§ | ããŒãã«ã·ã§ïŒBeaumarchaisïŒããšæ¬åããšãŒã«ïŒãªãŒã®ã¥ã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã«ãã³ïŒPierre-Augustin Caron, 1732幎1æ24æ¥ - 1799幎5æ18æ¥ïŒã¯ã18äžçŽãã©ã³ã¹ã®å®æ¥å®¶ãåäœå®¶ã çŸåšã¯ãã»ããªã¢ã®ç髪垫ããããã£ã¬ãã®çµå©ããã眪ããæ¯ããããªãããã£ã¬ã3éšäœãã§åé«ãããåäœãå°éãšããŠããããã§ã¯ãªããå§ãã¯æèšåž«ã次ãã§é³æ¥œåž«ã宮廷人ãå®åãå®æ¥å®¶ãåäœå®¶ãªã©æ§ã
ãªçµæŽãæã€ããããã©ã³ã¹æåŠè
ã®é²è€èª äžã¯ããŒãã«ã·ã§ãã圌ã»ã©å€çš®å€æ§ã®ä»äºããã転å€æ¥µãŸããªãç涯ãéã£ãäœå®¶ãçããããšè©ããŠããã 1732幎1æ24æ¥ãããªã®ãµã³ïŒããè¡ïŒçŸåšã®ããª1åºã2åºãèµ°ãRue Saint-DenisçéïŒã«ãŠãã¢ã³ãã¬ïŒã·ã£ã«ã«ã»ã«ãã³ãšããªãŒïŒã«ã€ãŒãºã®éã«ãããšãŒã«ïŒãªãŒã®ã¥ã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã«ãã³ã¯çãŸãããããšãŒã«ã¯10人å
効ã®7çªç®ã§ãããããã®ãã¡4人ã¯å€æããŠãããç¡äºã«è²ã£ãç·å
ã¯åœŒã®ã¿ã§ãã£ããç¶èŠªã®ã¢ã³ãã¬ã¯å
ç¥ä»£ã
ãããã¹ã¿ã³ãã§ãã£ãããçµå©å幎ã®1697幎ã«ã«ããªãã¯ã«æ¹å®ããŠãããè¥ãé ã¯éšå
µã§ããã£ãããããšãŒã«ãçãŸããããã«ã¯æèšè·äººãšããŠçèšãç«ãŠãŠãããåãªãå¹³æ°ã«éããªãã£ãããæåŠãæ奜ãããã®æ代ã®å¹³æ°ãšããŠã¯ããªãæ£ç¢ºãªãã©ã³ã¹èªéçšèœåããã£ãããšãéºãããŠããæçŽããããããããæ¯èŠªã§ããããªãŒïŒã«ã€ãŒãºã«é¢ããŠã¯ãã»ãšãã©ããããªããããªã®çºæ°éçŽåºèº«ã§ããããšãåãã£ãŠããã®ã¿ã§ããããã圌ãã¯èº«åã®é£ãåã£ãæ®éã®å€«å©Šã§ãã£ããšãããã ããããã®å®¶æã«ã€ããŠç¹çãã¹ããªã®ã¯ãããšãŒã«ãåãå·»ã5人ã®å§åŠ¹ãã¡ã§ãããé·å§ããªãŒïŒãžã§ã»ãã次å§ããªãŒïŒã«ã€ãŒãºãäžå§ããã¬ãŒãïŒãã©ã³ãœã¯ãŒãºãããã«2人ã®åŠ¹ãããªãŒïŒãžã¥ãªãŒãšããžã£ã³ãïŒãã«ã°ãªãŒãã§ããããšãã«åŠ¹ãã¡ã¯ãããšãŒã«ãšèžè¡ã®è¶£å³ãåã£ããããããšãã«é³æ¥œãå¥ã§ãŠæ¥œããã ãšããããã®æã«å¹ãããé³æ¥œççŽ é€ã¯ã圌ãæ人ããŠãããã©ã³ã¹ç€ŸäŒã§äžæ©ãã€ç€ŸäŒçå°äœãé«ããŠããã®ã«ã倧ããªåœ¹å²ãæãããã®ã§ãã£ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã³ã»ãã»ããŒãã«ã·ã§ | 76a0ad385e |
|
000000985 | ã«ãã³ã»ãã»ããŒãã«ã·ã§ | ããŒãã«ã·ã§ïŒBeaumarchaisïŒããšæ¬åããšãŒã«ïŒãªãŒã®ã¥ã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã«ãã³ïŒPierre-Augustin Caron, 1732幎1æ24æ¥ - 1799幎5æ18æ¥ïŒã¯ã18äžçŽãã©ã³ã¹ã®å®æ¥å®¶ãåäœå®¶ã çŸåšã¯ãã»ããªã¢ã®ç髪垫ããããã£ã¬ãã®çµå©ããã眪ããæ¯ããããªãããã£ã¬ã3éšäœãã§åé«ãããåäœãå°éãšããŠããããã§ã¯ãªããå§ãã¯æèšåž«ã次ãã§é³æ¥œåž«ã宮廷人ãå®åãå®æ¥å®¶ãåäœå®¶ãªã©æ§ã
ãªçµæŽãæã€ããããã©ã³ã¹æåŠè
ã®é²è€èª äžã¯ããŒãã«ã·ã§ãã圌ã»ã©å€çš®å€æ§ã®ä»äºããã転å€æ¥µãŸããªãç涯ãéã£ãäœå®¶ãçããããšè©ããŠããã 1732幎1æ24æ¥ãããªã®ãµã³ïŒããè¡ïŒçŸåšã®ããª1åºã2åºãèµ°ãRue Saint-DenisçéïŒã«ãŠãã¢ã³ãã¬ïŒã·ã£ã«ã«ã»ã«ãã³ãšããªãŒïŒã«ã€ãŒãºã®éã«ãããšãŒã«ïŒãªãŒã®ã¥ã¹ã¿ã³ã»ã«ãã³ã¯çãŸãããããšãŒã«ã¯10人å
効ã®7çªç®ã§ãããããã®ãã¡4人ã¯å€æããŠãããç¡äºã«è²ã£ãç·å
ã¯åœŒã®ã¿ã§ãã£ããç¶èŠªã®ã¢ã³ãã¬ã¯å
ç¥ä»£ã
ãããã¹ã¿ã³ãã§ãã£ãããçµå©å幎ã®1697幎ã«ã«ããªãã¯ã«æ¹å®ããŠãããè¥ãé ã¯éšå
µã§ããã£ãããããšãŒã«ãçãŸããããã«ã¯æèšè·äººãšããŠçèšãç«ãŠãŠãããåãªãå¹³æ°ã«éããªãã£ãããæåŠãæ奜ãããã®æ代ã®å¹³æ°ãšããŠã¯ããªãæ£ç¢ºãªãã©ã³ã¹èªéçšèœåããã£ãããšãéºãããŠããæçŽããããããããæ¯èŠªã§ããããªãŒïŒã«ã€ãŒãºã«é¢ããŠã¯ãã»ãšãã©ããããªããããªã®çºæ°éçŽåºèº«ã§ããããšãåãã£ãŠããã®ã¿ã§ããããã圌ãã¯èº«åã®é£ãåã£ãæ®éã®å€«å©Šã§ãã£ããšãããã ããããã®å®¶æã«ã€ããŠç¹çãã¹ããªã®ã¯ãããšãŒã«ãåãå·»ã5人ã®å§åŠ¹ãã¡ã§ãããé·å§ããªãŒïŒãžã§ã»ãã次å§ããªãŒïŒã«ã€ãŒãºãäžå§ããã¬ãŒãïŒãã©ã³ãœã¯ãŒãºãããã«2人ã®åŠ¹ãããªãŒïŒãžã¥ãªãŒãšããžã£ã³ãïŒãã«ã°ãªãŒãã§ããããšãã«åŠ¹ãã¡ã¯ãããšãŒã«ãšèžè¡ã®è¶£å³ãåã£ããããããšãã«é³æ¥œãå¥ã§ãŠæ¥œããã ãšããããã®æã«å¹ãããé³æ¥œççŽ é€ã¯ã圌ãæ人ããŠãããã©ã³ã¹ç€ŸäŒã§äžæ©ãã€ç€ŸäŒçå°äœãé«ããŠããã®ã«ã倧ããªåœ¹å²ãæãããã®ã§ãã£ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã«ãã³ã»ãã»ããŒãã«ã·ã§ | 30bd204972 |
|
000000986 | äœçžååã®äŸãããŒãããšãã°ã«ããã¯åçžã§ããã | äœçžåå ïŒãããã©ããããè±: homeomorphicïŒããããã¯åçžïŒã©ãããïŒãšã¯ã2ã€ã®äœçžç©ºéãäœçžç©ºéãšããŠçããããšãè¡šãæŠå¿µã§ããã äŸãã°ãçã®è¡šé¢ãšæ¹¯é£²ã¿ã®è¡šé¢ãšã¯ãããé£ç¶ããªåæ¹åã®ç§»ãæ¹ã§äºãã«ç§»ãåãããšãã§ããã®ã§åçžã§ããããŸãç©Žã1ã€éããããŒããã®è¡šé¢ (ããŒã©ã¹) ãšæã¡æãã²ãšã€ãããã°ã«ããã®è¡šé¢ãåããåçžã§ããããã£ãŠçã®è¡šé¢ãšæ¹¯ã®ã¿ã®è¡šé¢ã¯äœçžå¹ŸäœåŠçã«å
šãåäžã®æ§è³ªãæã¡ãããŒããã®è¡šé¢ãšãã°ã«ããã®è¡šé¢ãåäžã®æ§è³ªãæã€ãããããçé¢ãšããŒã©ã¹ãšã¯ãã®ãããªåãæ¹ãååšããªãã®ã§åçžãšã¯ãªããªããïŒçŽèŠ³çã«ã¯ãé£ç¶çãªå€åœ¢ã«ãã£ãŠç©Žã®åæ°ãå€åããããšã¯ãªããšããããšã§ãããïŒ ããã§é£ç¶ãªåãæ¹ãšã¯ãçŽèŠ³çã«ã¯è¿ããšãããè¿ããšããã«åããããªåãæ¹ãæå³ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/äœçžåå | e647ae324c |
|
000000987 | VDSLã¢ãã | VDSLïŒVery high speed Digital Subscriber Lineãè¶
é«éãã£ãžã¿ã«å å
¥è
ç·ïŒã¯1察ã®ãã€ã¹ããã¢ã±ãŒãã«ã§ãADSLããé«éãªéä¿¡ãè¡ãªãã100m - 1.5kmçšåºŠã®éä¿¡ãç®çãšããŠããããã以äžã®è·é¢ã§ã¯ADSLã®æ¹ãæå©ãšãªããADSLãããåºãåšæ³¢æ°åž¯åïŒæé«30MHzïŒãé床åªå
ã®æè¡ãæ¡çšããŠãããæè¡é©æ°ã倧ããADSLã®2å以äžã®è»¢éèœåãæã€ã èŠæ Œåã¯ITU-T G.993.1ã2001幎11æ29æ¥ã«èŠæ Œåãããã 䜿çšåšæ³¢æ°åž¯åã¯0.64 - 30MHzã§ãäžãäžããšãé床ãåºããããã«ããã€ã垯åãåºåãäžãäžãã亀äºã«å²ãåœãŠãŠããããã®ããã«æ倧é床ã2000幎代åœæã®å
ãã¡ã€ããŒã®é床ãåºæºã«äžãã¯100Mbpsãäžãã¯30Mbpsãã100MbpsãšããŠãããã®ãå€ãããªãæ¥æ¬ã§ãåæã®FTTxãµãŒãã¹æäŸæã¯VDSLã®ä»£ããã«HomePNAã䜿ãããŠããããVDSLãåºãæ®åãããšãšãã«ããŸã䜿ãããªããªã£ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ããžã¿ã«å å
¥è
ç· | adb32a5610 |
|
000000988 | VDSLããŒã ã²ãŒããŠã§ã€ïŒå³åŽã¯Wi-Fiã«ãŒã¿ãŒïŒ | VDSLïŒVery high speed Digital Subscriber Lineãè¶
é«éãã£ãžã¿ã«å å
¥è
ç·ïŒã¯1察ã®ãã€ã¹ããã¢ã±ãŒãã«ã§ãADSLããé«éãªéä¿¡ãè¡ãªãã100m - 1.5kmçšåºŠã®éä¿¡ãç®çãšããŠããããã以äžã®è·é¢ã§ã¯ADSLã®æ¹ãæå©ãšãªããADSLãããåºãåšæ³¢æ°åž¯åïŒæé«30MHzïŒãé床åªå
ã®æè¡ãæ¡çšããŠãããæè¡é©æ°ã倧ããADSLã®2å以äžã®è»¢éèœåãæã€ã èŠæ Œåã¯ITU-T G.993.1ã2001幎11æ29æ¥ã«èŠæ Œåãããã 䜿çšåšæ³¢æ°åž¯åã¯0.64 - 30MHzã§ãäžãäžããšãé床ãåºããããã«ããã€ã垯åãåºåãäžãäžãã亀äºã«å²ãåœãŠãŠããããã®ããã«æ倧é床ã2000幎代åœæã®å
ãã¡ã€ããŒã®é床ãåºæºã«äžãã¯100Mbpsãäžãã¯30Mbpsãã100MbpsãšããŠãããã®ãå€ãããªãæ¥æ¬ã§ãåæã®FTTxãµãŒãã¹æäŸæã¯VDSLã®ä»£ããã«HomePNAã䜿ãããŠããããVDSLãåºãæ®åãããšãšãã«ããŸã䜿ãããªããªã£ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ããžã¿ã«å å
¥è
ç· | 5f13af4891 |
|
000000989 | VDSLä¿¡å·ãã«ããããã€ã³ã©ã€ã³ãã£ã«ã¿ïŒVDSL A-100ïŒ | VDSLïŒVery high speed Digital Subscriber Lineãè¶
é«éãã£ãžã¿ã«å å
¥è
ç·ïŒã¯1察ã®ãã€ã¹ããã¢ã±ãŒãã«ã§ãADSLããé«éãªéä¿¡ãè¡ãªãã100m - 1.5kmçšåºŠã®éä¿¡ãç®çãšããŠããããã以äžã®è·é¢ã§ã¯ADSLã®æ¹ãæå©ãšãªããADSLãããåºãåšæ³¢æ°åž¯åïŒæé«30MHzïŒãé床åªå
ã®æè¡ãæ¡çšããŠãããæè¡é©æ°ã倧ããADSLã®2å以äžã®è»¢éèœåãæã€ã èŠæ Œåã¯ITU-T G.993.1ã2001幎11æ29æ¥ã«èŠæ Œåãããã 䜿çšåšæ³¢æ°åž¯åã¯0.64 - 30MHzã§ãäžãäžããšãé床ãåºããããã«ããã€ã垯åãåºåãäžãäžãã亀äºã«å²ãåœãŠãŠããããã®ããã«æ倧é床ã2000幎代åœæã®å
ãã¡ã€ããŒã®é床ãåºæºã«äžãã¯100Mbpsãäžãã¯30Mbpsãã100MbpsãšããŠãããã®ãå€ãããªãæ¥æ¬ã§ãåæã®FTTxãµãŒãã¹æäŸæã¯VDSLã®ä»£ããã«HomePNAã䜿ãããŠããããVDSLãåºãæ®åãããšãšãã«ããŸã䜿ãããªããªã£ãã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ããžã¿ã«å å
¥è
ç· | f5686c0afd |
|
000000990 | ADSLã¢ãã | ADSLïŒAsymmetric Digital Subscriber Lineãé察称ããžã¿ã«å å
¥è
ç·ïŒã¯1察ã®ãã€ã¹ããã¢ã±ãŒãã«éä¿¡ç·è·¯ã§ãäžãã»äžãã®é床ãé察称ãªéä¿¡ãè¡ãã æè¡ã«ãçš®é¡ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœãããã®ãŸãŸæè¡ãåãç¶ãã "AnnexA"ãEuro-ISDNãšå€éåå¯èœãª"AnnexB"ãæ¥æ¬æ¹åŒã®TCM-ISDNã®å¹²æžã軜æžãã"AnnexC"çãããã ReachDSLã¯ãç±³ãã©ãã€ã³ç€Ÿãéçºããé è·é¢ã§ã®æ¥ç¶ã®ç¢ºä¿ãåªå
ããDSLã§ãããé床ã¯æ倧ã§ãäžäžãšãã«960kbpsãšé
ããããã®åéä¿¡è·é¢ã5 - 12kmçšåºŠãšé·ããé è·é¢ã§æ倱ã倧ãããªãé«åšæ³¢æ°ã®åž¯åã䜿çšãããæ倱ãå°ãªãäœãåšæ³¢æ°ã®åž¯åã®ã¿ã䜿ãããã®ããISDNãšã®å¹²æžãäœããšãããŠããããã®åŸãé床ãäžäž2.2Mbpsã«åäžãããRDSL2ãçºè¡šããããç±³ãã©ãã€ã³ç€Ÿã§ã¯è·¯ç·é·ã5kmã®å Žå1Mbpsã®é床ãåºããšããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ããžã¿ã«å å
¥è
ç· | 51ee311705 |
|
000000991 | ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã®è¬çŸ©ãåããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ | ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹3äžã¯ããªããã¹2äžãšãšãã€ãã¹ç女ãªãªã¥ã³ãã¢ã¹ã®éã«çãŸãããããªããã¹2äžã¯ããŒã©ã¯ã¬ãŒã¹ãç¥ãšãã家系ã§ããªãªã¥ã³ãã¢ã¹ã¯ã¢ãã¬ãŠã¹ãç¥ãšãã家系ã§ãã£ããããã®ãªã·ã¢äžçã§æ倧ã®æ å
ãæã€äž¡è±éã®è¡çãåŒããšèãããã家系çæ èªã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢éäžã§ãã£ãã çŽå
å342幎ãããªããã¹ã¯ã¢ããã€ãããã±ããã¢äººã®åŠè
ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ãã家åºæåž«ããšããŠæããã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã¯éœãã©ããé¢ãããããšã¶ã®åŠåãã§ãçŽå
å340幎ãŸã§ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ãšãã®åŠåãæãããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãããªããã¹2äžããçãåããããé«è²Žã«çããããšã¯ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ããåŠãã ããšããèšèãæ®ãã»ã©ã«ãã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ãæé«ã®åž«ãšããŠå°æ¬ããããã«ãªãããŸãã圌ãšå
±ã«ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®åºç€çãªæé€ã身ã«ã€ãããåŠåããã¡ã¯ãåŸã«å€§çãæ¯ããå°è»ãšãªã£ãã æ±åŸäžãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã®èŠè«ã§ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã¯ãçéè«ããšãæ€æ°è«ããæžãéã£ããšãããããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ããååœããåç©ãæ€ç©ãéããã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã芳å¯ããç 究ãç¶ãããã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ãšã®äº€æµã¯ããããŠãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã®æ»ãŸã§ç¶ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããŒå€§ç | 26fe36a805 |
|
000000992 | å334幎 | çŽå
å335幎ãç¶ã®éºå¿ãç¶ãã§ãã±ããã¢è»ãçããŠãã«ã·ã¢æ±åŸã«åºçºããå°ã¢ãžã¢ã«æž¡ã£ããã±ããã¢è»38,000ã¯ã°ã©ãã³ã¹å·ã®æŠãã§å°ã¢ãžã¢å€ªå®ã®é£åè»4äžãšå¯Ÿå³ããããã®æã掟æãªç²åã身ã«çºã£ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯éšå
µã®å
é ã«ç«ã¡ãèªã銬ãé§ã£ãŠçªé²ãããšæµå°ãããªããã¹ãæãæ§ã§ããšããããã®å°è±¡çã§é®®ãããªåå©ã«ãã£ãŠãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯å³æ¹å°å
µã®ä¿¡é ŒãåŸããšå
±ã«æµã«å¯ŸããŠã¯èšãç¥ããªãææå¿ãäžããããšã«ãªã£ããã«ãªã¹ãæ§ã垯ã³ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã«çãããããã±ããã¢è»ã¯ãå°ã¢ãžã¢ã«é§å±¯ãããã«ã·ã¢è»ã蹎æ£ãããªããæ±é²ãç¶ããŠè¡ãã çŽå
å333幎ãã€ãã«ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ã¢ã³ãã£ãªãã¢ã®å西ã€ããœã¹ïŒè±èªçïŒã«ãããŠãã¬ã€ãªã¹3äžèªããçãããã«ã·ã¢è»10äžãšééããïŒã€ããœã¹ã®æŠãïŒãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯éšå
µãšè¿è¡å
µã城åå
µã瞊暪ç¡å°œã«ææ®ããŠãã«ã·ã¢è»ãæèµ°ããããã¬ã€ãªã¹ã®æ¯ã»åŠ»ã»åšãæèã«ããããã®ãšããã«ã·ã¢ããåçŠã®ç³ãåºãåãããããããæåŠãããã«é²è»ãç¶ããã ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãã·ãªã¢ã«ãããŠã¯åãã«ã·ã¢ã®éœåžãæ¯èŒçå€ãã£ãããæè¿ãããããé 匷ã«æµæãããã§ããã¢ã®ãã£ãŒã«ïŒTyreãçŸãã£ã«ã¹ïŒãšã¬ã¶ãå±æããããšãããã«åäžããŠãšãžããã«äŸµå
¥ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããŒå€§ç | ceb5bb940d |
|
000000993 | ã€ããœã¹ã®æŠã, å·Šãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹, å³ããã¬ã€ãªã¹3äž | çŽå
å335幎ãç¶ã®éºå¿ãç¶ãã§ãã±ããã¢è»ãçããŠãã«ã·ã¢æ±åŸã«åºçºããå°ã¢ãžã¢ã«æž¡ã£ããã±ããã¢è»38,000ã¯ã°ã©ãã³ã¹å·ã®æŠãã§å°ã¢ãžã¢å€ªå®ã®é£åè»4äžãšå¯Ÿå³ããããã®æã掟æãªç²åã身ã«çºã£ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯éšå
µã®å
é ã«ç«ã¡ãèªã銬ãé§ã£ãŠçªé²ãããšæµå°ãããªããã¹ãæãæ§ã§ããšããããã®å°è±¡çã§é®®ãããªåå©ã«ãã£ãŠãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯å³æ¹å°å
µã®ä¿¡é ŒãåŸããšå
±ã«æµã«å¯ŸããŠã¯èšãç¥ããªãææå¿ãäžããããšã«ãªã£ããã«ãªã¹ãæ§ã垯ã³ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã«çãããããã±ããã¢è»ã¯ãå°ã¢ãžã¢ã«é§å±¯ãããã«ã·ã¢è»ã蹎æ£ãããªããæ±é²ãç¶ããŠè¡ãã çŽå
å333幎ãã€ãã«ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ã¢ã³ãã£ãªãã¢ã®å西ã€ããœã¹ïŒè±èªçïŒã«ãããŠãã¬ã€ãªã¹3äžèªããçãããã«ã·ã¢è»10äžãšééããïŒã€ããœã¹ã®æŠãïŒãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯éšå
µãšè¿è¡å
µã城åå
µã瞊暪ç¡å°œã«ææ®ããŠãã«ã·ã¢è»ãæèµ°ããããã¬ã€ãªã¹ã®æ¯ã»åŠ»ã»åšãæèã«ããããã®ãšããã«ã·ã¢ããåçŠã®ç³ãåºãåãããããããæåŠãããã«é²è»ãç¶ããã ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãã·ãªã¢ã«ãããŠã¯åãã«ã·ã¢ã®éœåžãæ¯èŒçå€ãã£ãããæè¿ãããããé 匷ã«æµæãããã§ããã¢ã®ãã£ãŒã«ïŒTyreãçŸãã£ã«ã¹ïŒãšã¬ã¶ãå±æããããšãããã«åäžããŠãšãžããã«äŸµå
¥ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããŒå€§ç | 577c7d4d49 |
|
000000994 | å333幎 | çŽå
å335幎ãç¶ã®éºå¿ãç¶ãã§ãã±ããã¢è»ãçããŠãã«ã·ã¢æ±åŸã«åºçºããå°ã¢ãžã¢ã«æž¡ã£ããã±ããã¢è»38,000ã¯ã°ã©ãã³ã¹å·ã®æŠãã§å°ã¢ãžã¢å€ªå®ã®é£åè»4äžãšå¯Ÿå³ããããã®æã掟æãªç²åã身ã«çºã£ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯éšå
µã®å
é ã«ç«ã¡ãèªã銬ãé§ã£ãŠçªé²ãããšæµå°ãããªããã¹ãæãæ§ã§ããšããããã®å°è±¡çã§é®®ãããªåå©ã«ãã£ãŠãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯å³æ¹å°å
µã®ä¿¡é ŒãåŸããšå
±ã«æµã«å¯ŸããŠã¯èšãç¥ããªãææå¿ãäžããããšã«ãªã£ããã«ãªã¹ãæ§ã垯ã³ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã«çãããããã±ããã¢è»ã¯ãå°ã¢ãžã¢ã«é§å±¯ãããã«ã·ã¢è»ã蹎æ£ãããªããæ±é²ãç¶ããŠè¡ãã çŽå
å333幎ãã€ãã«ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ã¢ã³ãã£ãªãã¢ã®å西ã€ããœã¹ïŒè±èªçïŒã«ãããŠãã¬ã€ãªã¹3äžèªããçãããã«ã·ã¢è»10äžãšééããïŒã€ããœã¹ã®æŠãïŒãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯éšå
µãšè¿è¡å
µã城åå
µã瞊暪ç¡å°œã«ææ®ããŠãã«ã·ã¢è»ãæèµ°ããããã¬ã€ãªã¹ã®æ¯ã»åŠ»ã»åšãæèã«ããããã®ãšããã«ã·ã¢ããåçŠã®ç³ãåºãåãããããããæåŠãããã«é²è»ãç¶ããã ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãã·ãªã¢ã«ãããŠã¯åãã«ã·ã¢ã®éœåžãæ¯èŒçå€ãã£ãããæè¿ãããããé 匷ã«æµæãããã§ããã¢ã®ãã£ãŒã«ïŒTyreãçŸãã£ã«ã¹ïŒãšã¬ã¶ãå±æããããšãããã«åäžããŠãšãžããã«äŸµå
¥ããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããŒå€§ç | 4a0fd44793 |
|
000000995 | å332幎 - å331幎 | ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãã·ãªã¢ã«ãããŠã¯åãã«ã·ã¢ã®éœåžãæ¯èŒçå€ãã£ãããæè¿ãããããé 匷ã«æµæãããã§ããã¢ã®ãã£ãŒã«ïŒTyreãçŸãã£ã«ã¹ïŒãšã¬ã¶ãå±æããããšãããã«åäžããŠãšãžããã«äŸµå
¥ããã ãšãžããã¯11幎åã®çŽå
å343幎ã«ã¢ã«ã¿ã¯ã»ã«ã¯ã»ã¹3äžã«ãã£ãŠåŸæãããã°ããã§ããããã«ã·ã¢ã®çµ±æ²»ãæ ¹ä»ããŠããªãã£ãããã«å é ã¯å®¹æã§ãã£ããçŽå
å332幎ããšãžãã人ã«è§£æŸè
ãšããŠè¿ãå
¥ããããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãã¡ã©ãªãšããŠèªãããããã¡ãªã¢ã ã³ã»ã»ãããšã³ã©ãŒããšãããã¡ã©ãªåãåŸãŠãã¢ã¡ã³ç¥æ®¿ã«ãã®åãç¥ãããã圌ã¯å°æ°ã®éšéãçããŠè¥¿éšç æŒ ã®ã·ã¯ã»ãªã¢ã·ã¹ã«ããã¢ã¡ã³ã®èå°ã«è¡ããããã§èªããã¢ã¡ã³ã®åãšããç¥èšãåŸããã¢ã¡ã³ã¯ã®ãªã·ã¢ç¥è©±ã®ãŒãŠã¹ãšåäžèŠãããŠãããããã¯ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹å€§çã¯ãŒãŠã¹ã®åã§ãããšããç¥èšã«çããã£ãããŸãããã®åŸãã€ã«ãã«ã¿ã®è¥¿ç«¯ã«éœåžã建èšãããããããçŸåšã®ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããªã¢ã®èµ·æºã§ããã ãšãžããã®å°ã§å°å
µã«å
åãªäŒé€ãšè£çµŠãæœããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãã«ã·ã¢çåœãžã®é åŸãåéããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããŒå€§ç | 35e396dfa7 |
|
000000996 | å331幎 - å323幎 | äžå€®ã¢ãžã¢æ¹é¢ãžäŸµæ»ããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãåã³åä¹±ãèµ·ãããã¹ãã¿ã¡ãã¹ãäžå¿ãšãããœã°ã人ã«ããæ¿ããæµæã«çŽé¢ããããã±ããã¢è»ã¯çŽå
å329幎ããçŽå
å327幎ãŸã§ãœã°ãã£ã¢ããšãã¯ããªã¢ã«ãããéé
·ãªã²ãªã©æŠïŒãœã°ãã£ã¢ãæ»é²æŠïŒã匷ããããå°å
µã®å£«æ°ã®äœäžãæããã奜æŠçãªéç§æ°ã§ããã¹ãã¿ã€äººãæ»æãä»æããŠããããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹å€§çããã®éšäžã§ããã¯ã©ããã¹ã¯éç§æ°ã®éšå
µã«ãåå©ãåããéç§æ°ã®çããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹å€§çã®åœä»€ã¯äœã§ãåãå
¥ããã®ã§ãã©ãããèš±ããã ããããšæé¡ããã»ã©ã§ãã£ãããŸããã¯ã¬ã€ãã¹æ®ºå®³äºä»¶ãè¿ç¿ã«ããé°è¬äºä»¶ãªã©ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ãšéšäžãã¡ã®éã«ééãçãå§ããã®ããã®é ã§ããããªããœã°ãã£ã¢ãæ»é²æŠåŸã«ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯çŽå
å328幎ã«åž°é ãããã®å°æ¹ã®æåè
ããªã¯ã·ã¥ã¢ã«ãã¹ã®åšãã¯ãµããåŠãšããã ãã«ã·ã¢çåœãåŸæããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯æ¬¡ã«ã€ã³ããžã®é åŸãéå§ãããçŽå
å328幎ã«ãéã®éããè¶ããã¹ã¯ãŒãæžè°·ïŒè±èªçïŒã§ã³ãã§ã³æŠäºïŒè±èªçïŒïŒçŽå
å327幎 - çŽå
å326幎ïŒãã¢ãªã«ãã¹ïŒå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èª: ÎοÏΜοÏãè±èª: Pir-SalãçŸããŒã«ã»ãµã«å³°ãçŽå
å327幎 - çŽå
å326幎ïŒã«ãŠã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ç涯æåŸã®å
å²æŠãè¡ãããããç Žã£ããçŽå
å326幎ã«ã€ã³ãã¹å·ãè¶ããŠãã³ãžã£ãå°æ¹ã«äŸµå
¥ãã5æã«ãã¥ãã¹ãã¹æ²³çã®æŠãã§ããŠã©ãŽã¡æã®çããã¹ãç Žã£ãããã®åŸãåšèŸºã®è«žéšæãå¹³å®ããªããé²è»ããã€ã³ãã«ãããŠæãåçãªã«ã¿ã€ãªã€äººãå¶å§ãããæŽã«ã€ã³ãäžå€®éšã«åããããšããããéšäžãç²åŽãçç±ã«ãã以äžã®é²è»ãæåŠããããããããªãå
µãè¿ãããšã«ããã 11æããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãã¥ãã©ãªãã¹å·ïŒçŸã©ãŒãŽã£ãŒå·ïŒè±èªçïŒïŒãåäžããå
šè»ã3ã€ã«åå²ããŠã¯ã©ããã¹ãšå
±ã«æ®åããæµå¯Ÿå¢åïŒãžã£ãŒãæç³»ã®ãããã€äººïŒãé§éãïŒãããã€æŠåœ¹ïŒãããã«ã€ã³ãã¹å·ãåäžããŠãã¿ã©ïŒçŸã¿ãã¿ãŒïŒã«åºããã²ããã·ã¢ïŒè±èªçïŒç æŒ ïŒçŸããã¹ã¿ã³ãããŒãã¹ã¿ãŒã³å·ïŒãéã£ãŠã«ã«ããã¢ïŒè±èªçïŒïŒçŸã€ã©ã³ã±ã«ããŒã³å·ïŒã«åãããçŽå
å324幎ã«ã¹ãŒãµã«åž°éããããã®éãéšäžã®ãã¢ã«ã³ã¹ã«åœããŠã€ã³ãã¹ãããã«ã·ã¢æ¹Ÿãéã£ãŠãŠãŒãã©ãã¹å·ã®æ²³å£ãŸã§ã®èªæµ·ãåœããããã®æ¢æ€èªæµ·ã«ãããã®å°æ¹ã®å°çãæããã«ãªããšåæã«ããã¢ã«ã³ã¹ã®æ®ããè³æã¯åŸäžæ£éžãããã®ã®ã¹ãã©ãã³ãªã©ã«åŒçšããã貎éãªèšé²ãšãªã£ãŠãããçŽå
å324幎ã«ã¯ã¹ãŒãµã®ååçµå©åŒïŒè±èªçïŒãè¡ãªãããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããŒå€§ç | 835ea2384f |
|
000000997 | ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã®ã€ã³ãè¡è»è·¯ïŒèµ€ç·ïŒ | ãã«ã·ã¢çåœãåŸæããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯æ¬¡ã«ã€ã³ããžã®é åŸãéå§ãããçŽå
å328幎ã«ãéã®éããè¶ããã¹ã¯ãŒãæžè°·ïŒè±èªçïŒã§ã³ãã§ã³æŠäºïŒè±èªçïŒïŒçŽå
å327幎 - çŽå
å326幎ïŒãã¢ãªã«ãã¹ïŒå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢èª: ÎοÏΜοÏãè±èª: Pir-SalãçŸããŒã«ã»ãµã«å³°ãçŽå
å327幎 - çŽå
å326幎ïŒã«ãŠã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ç涯æåŸã®å
å²æŠãè¡ãããããç Žã£ããçŽå
å326幎ã«ã€ã³ãã¹å·ãè¶ããŠãã³ãžã£ãå°æ¹ã«äŸµå
¥ãã5æã«ãã¥ãã¹ãã¹æ²³çã®æŠãã§ããŠã©ãŽã¡æã®çããã¹ãç Žã£ãããã®åŸãåšèŸºã®è«žéšæãå¹³å®ããªããé²è»ããã€ã³ãã«ãããŠæãåçãªã«ã¿ã€ãªã€äººãå¶å§ãããæŽã«ã€ã³ãäžå€®éšã«åããããšããããéšäžãç²åŽãçç±ã«ãã以äžã®é²è»ãæåŠããããããããªãå
µãè¿ãããšã«ããã 11æããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãã¥ãã©ãªãã¹å·ïŒçŸã©ãŒãŽã£ãŒå·ïŒè±èªçïŒïŒãåäžããå
šè»ã3ã€ã«åå²ããŠã¯ã©ããã¹ãšå
±ã«æ®åããæµå¯Ÿå¢åïŒãžã£ãŒãæç³»ã®ãããã€äººïŒãé§éãïŒãããã€æŠåœ¹ïŒãããã«ã€ã³ãã¹å·ãåäžããŠãã¿ã©ïŒçŸã¿ãã¿ãŒïŒã«åºããã²ããã·ã¢ïŒè±èªçïŒç æŒ ïŒçŸããã¹ã¿ã³ãããŒãã¹ã¿ãŒã³å·ïŒãéã£ãŠã«ã«ããã¢ïŒè±èªçïŒïŒçŸã€ã©ã³ã±ã«ããŒã³å·ïŒã«åãããçŽå
å324幎ã«ã¹ãŒãµã«åž°éããããã®éãéšäžã®ãã¢ã«ã³ã¹ã«åœããŠã€ã³ãã¹ãããã«ã·ã¢æ¹Ÿãéã£ãŠãŠãŒãã©ãã¹å·ã®æ²³å£ãŸã§ã®èªæµ·ãåœããããã®æ¢æ€èªæµ·ã«ãããã®å°æ¹ã®å°çãæããã«ãªããšåæã«ããã¢ã«ã³ã¹ã®æ®ããè³æã¯åŸäžæ£éžãããã®ã®ã¹ãã©ãã³ãªã©ã«åŒçšããã貎éãªèšé²ãšãªã£ãŠãããçŽå
å324幎ã«ã¯ã¹ãŒãµã®ååçµå©åŒïŒè±èªçïŒãè¡ãªãããã é幞ããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãã¡ãœãã¿ãã¢ã®ãããã³ã«ãããŠåžåœããã«ã·ã¢ããã±ããã¢ãã®ãªã·ã¢ïŒã³ãªã³ãã¹åçïŒã®3å°åã«åç·šããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã«ããååé£åã®åœ¢ããšãããšã«ããããŸããåºå€§ãªåžåœãåæ»ã«æ²»ãããããã«ã·ã¢äººãç©æ¥µçã«ç»çšãããªã©ããã«ã·ã¢äººãšãã±ããã¢äººã®èåãé²ããããã®éçšã«ãããŠã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ãã«ã·ã¢åžåœã®åŸç¶è
ã宣ãããã«ã·ã¢çã®çè¡£ã身ã«ãŸãšããã«ã·ã¢é¢šã®å¹³äŒç€Œãªã©ã®å瀌ã統治ãå°å
¥ããŠãã£ããããèªèº«ã®å°å¶åäž»åãšãã±ããã¢äººã®åçºãæããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããŒå€§ç | 95ddf6b616 |
|
000000998 | ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ãšãã¬ã€ãªã¹3äžã®å®¶æ | ã®ãªã·ã¢æåãšãªãªãšã³ãæåãèåãããã¬ããºã æåã¯ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã®åžåœãšãã®åŸç¶çæãžæ ¹ä»ããã©ãªã³ãªã³ãããã®ãŽã£ãŒãã¹ããµã¢ãã©ã±ã®ãã±ãçæ»ã®ã¬ãªã¢äººãªã©ã®åœ«å»ãåå°ã§å¶äœãããããšãŠã¯ã¬ã€ãã¹ãã¢ããããªã¹ãã¢ã«ãã¡ãã¹ããšã©ãã¹ããã¹ãã¢ãªã¹ã¿ã«ã³ã¹ãã®åŠè
ã茩åºããã®åŸå€ä»£ããŒãã«åŒ·ã圱é¿ãåãŒãããµãŒãµãŒã³æãªã©ã«ã圱é¿ãäžããã çŽæŽã§è³ªçŽ ãªç掻ãå¶ãã§ãããã±ããã¢äººã¯èŠé£ã«èããè¯ãå
µå£«ã§ãããã®ãªã·ã¢åéšã®è«žããªã¹ã§äŒçµ±çã§ãã£ããã¡ã©ã³ã¯ã¹ã®è»œè£
åãšçŸã®å»æ¢ã«ããé·æ§ã®é·å€§åãããã«å¯Ÿå¿ããç·šæã«æ¹è¯ãå ãããã±ããã¢è»ã¯ãåœæã®å°äžæµ·äžçã«ãããŠç²ŸåŒ·ãªè»éã§ãããåã
ã®å°å
µã¯è»åã«èªããæã€ç·Žéã®å
µå£«ã§ãã£ãããŸããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ç¶æ³ã«å¿ããŠç°ãªã£ãå
µçš®ãçµã¿åãããŠå³åº§ã«æ··æéšéãç·šæããæµãã©ã®ãããªè»éã§ãã£ãŠãæè»ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°ãéç§æ°ã¹ãã¿ã€ãšã®æŠãã§ã¯ãæµã®ãããã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã¢ãŠã§ã€æŠæ³ã«å¯Ÿããææ§éšå
µãšè»œè£
æ©å
µã®æ··æéšéãçšããŠãããæèµ°ããããäžçã®æŽå²äžè»äºã®ææ®å®ã«ãããŠåŠäœãªã人éã§ãã©ã®ããã«éå°è©äŸ¡ããŠããæ倧çŽã®è©äŸ¡ãããã¹ãã»ã©ã®æŠè¡å®¶ã§ãããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã«ææ®ããããã±ããã¢è»ã¯ãåœæäžçæ匷ã®è»éã§ãã£ãã æŠè¡å®¶ãšããŠã ãã§ã¯ãªããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯æŠå£«ãšããŠãæèœã§ãã£ããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹èªãè¡è»äžã«ãã£ãŠãè·éŠ¬è»ã«ä¹ãéãããŠäœãéé¬ãããšäŒããããã圌ã¯åžžã«æåç·ã§å°å
µãšå
±ã«æŠããèªãã®é éšãèžéšã«éå·ãè² ãããšãããã£ããæ°ã
ã®æŠå Žã§å±æ©ãä¹ãåã£ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã¯ç¥æžãã£ãæŠå£«ã§ãããå°å
µãã絶倧ãªäººæ°ãåŸãŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããŒå€§ç | db92b560e8 |
|
000000999 | çç©ãå®ãããã®èšãæšãã«è³ã£ãã€ã¹ã«ã³ãã«ããã§ã«ããŠã¹ã£ãŒã®ãã·ã£ãŒã»ããŒã¡ãããïŒ14äžçŽååãã€ã«ãã³æïŒ | ã€ã¹ã«ã³ãã« (æ³¢: اسÙÙدرâ, Iskandar) ã¯ãå€ä»£ãã±ããã¢çåœã®ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹å€§çãæãã¢ã©ãã¢èªã»ãã«ã·ã¢èªã®äººåã§ãããããšããšã¯ Aliskandar ã§ãã£ãããèªé ã®al-ãå®å è©ãšåéãããïŒ Ø§ÙإسÙÙدر al-iskandarïŒãاسÙÙدر Iskandar ãšåŒã°ããããã«ãªã£ãïŒèšèªåŠã§ã¯ãç°åæããšããïŒããã ããçŸåšã§ãã¢ã©ãã¢èªã§ã¯å®å è©ãã€ã㊠al-Iskandar ãšèšãã®ãæ®éã§ãããkãšsãå
¥ãæ¿ãã£ãïŒãé³äœè»¢æããšããïŒçç±ã¯äžæã§ããã ãããã€ã¹ã©ãŒã äžçã§ã®ã€ã¹ã«ã³ãã«åã¯ãäž»ã«ãåœã«ãªã¹ããã¹ã®ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ç©èªããšãã£ãã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããªã¢çºç¥¥ã®ç©ºæ³èãèµ·æºãšããããã«ã¢ãããŒã¹ææ代ã®ç¿»èš³éåãªã©ã§æµå
¥ããã·ãªã¢ããšãžãããªã©ã§ã®ã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹äŒæ¿ãªã©ãããã€ã©ã³äžçã«ãããã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹3äžã®æ¯é
ãæŽå²çã«æŽåæ§ãã€ããããšãããã®ã§ãã£ãã æåŠã§ã¯ãã§ã«ããŠã¹ã£ãŒããã¶ãŒããŒãšãã£ãèåãªäœå®¶ãã¡ãé»æãæ£æã«ãããã€ã¹ã«ã³ãã«ã»ããŒããïŒã¢ã¬ã¯ãµã³ããã¹ã®æžïŒãèããŠããããããã®äœåã§ã¯ã€ã¹ã«ã³ãã«ãšã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ãçæ³çãªãåäž»ãšå®°çžãåãšããŠæãããŠããã | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/ã¢ã¬ããµã³ããŒå€§ç | fa5e28574c |