It's hard to find the time to read all the best articles on bitcoin and crypto Kana me. So let me read them for you. This is a crypto Konami quick read. Welcome back to the crypto Cana me. We are going to be finishing out before the end of this week sovereignty through mathematics by knut Swan home. And this will be we will be starting with chapter 11 and cruising right to the end here. I am guy Swan your host but this is 5 the final part of an audiobook. So again just as a precursor. Make sure you go back and listen to them or this is not going to make a whole lot of sense. But with that let's go ahead and just jump right into this. We are on chapter 11 a new form of life. It's not easy to define the properties that would deem an entity a new form of life. There's no consensus among scientists nor Nations regarding the definition of what a life-form is. This is one of the main hurdles when it comes to defining artificial or synthetic life. How does one know when life has been created if there's no clear definition of what life actually is One popular definition of life is that a living organism is an open system that maintains homeostasis is composed of cells has a lifecycle undergoes metabolism can grow adapt to its environment respond to stimuli reproduce and evolve. Could Bitcoin fit into this description in order to find out we need to dissect both this definition of life and the basic properties of the Bitcoin Network Bitcoin is quite clearly an open system. But what does it mean for an organism to quote maintain homeostasis homeostasis is the tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements. Especially but not limited to as maintained by a psychological processes. The first part of that sentence perfectly describes. What Bitcoin does the equilibrium is the consensus between the nodes which act as interdependent elements when could even argue that they actually are maintained by psychological processes since each nodes decisions are ultimately made by human brains and not software, but for Now we'll examine Bitcoin as a life form from a non meta argument perspective. The next part of the definition is that life is made up of cells which the Bitcoin Network also arguably is, especially if you count nodes as cells a life cycle is defined as a quote series of changes in form that an organism undergoes returning to the starting state in quote according to Wikipedia. The life cycle of the Bitcoin network is still unclear but it seems unlikely that it would ever return to its starting State. What is more likely is that while we have witnessed its birth? It is highly unlikely that any human alive today will outlive the network. So we won't have any way of knowing this is not unheard of in nature either. However, a species of fungi called our malaria, Astoria or the humongous. Fungus in the Blue Mountains of Oregon is one of the largest and oldest organisms ever known to man. This network of mushroom is estimated to be between 2500 and 8,500 years old based on its current growth rate. No one knows what it's life cycle looks like in perfect detail the three main purposes of metabolism in a living body are the conversion of food to energy to run cell. Other processes the conversion of food into bodily building blocks and the elimination of nitrogenous waste Bitcoins metabolism Works in a similar manner Bitcoin feeds on electricity and its cellular processes are its transactions. Its body has its own building blocks literal blocks that are added to its body the blockchain roughly every 10 minutes malicious blocks are considered waste. Are thus eliminated by the system Bitcoin grows and adapts to its environment organically exemplified Lately by the development of the lightning Network and other layer to scaling Solutions. It responds to external stimuli by showing a more and more Ironclad resistance to change while still responding well to sufficiently clever Improvement proposals. Like the our malaria a Stoya Bitcoin rather grows then reproduces and it evolves over time by adopting good ideas and rejecting bad ones the notion of Bitcoin as a life form may sound far-fetched and even a bit silly even though a lot of its properties fit the bill what we do know about it is that it is very unlikely to go away or stop functioning for any foreseeable future. Whether or not it lives is Up For Debate, but it can't be killed and that ought to mean something we should study it carefully and try to be as unbiased and humble as possible when drawing conclusions about it. Speaking of fungi. One of the most important aspects of money is its fungibility fungibility goes hand-in-hand with privacy and censorship resistance. If certain Bitcoin addresses were to end up on a government's Blacklist they'd end up becoming less valuable than they're not yet blacklisted neighbors. Look at what happened to the Indian rupee bills that were banned overnight by the Indian government in late 2017 in order to quote fight. Corruption, they're still in use but only worth about 70% of the value they held when they were considered quote legal tender if Bitcoin transactions can't be private. They won't be fungible this reduces Bitcoins monetary capability. We're at a point in history where a Bitcoin transactions can be completely private. But only a select few people know how to ensure that they really are. This is arguably Coins greatest flaw and a very real hurdle on the way to mainstream adoption. So how many privacy measures does the average user need to take just as when it comes to storage? It depends on the user's knowledge level most users should probably be more careful than they are right now, but there's little reason to be paranoid. It's still very hard to prove that a specific transaction was made by a specific user. The whole ordeal is somewhat akin to the fight against the BitTorrent Network 10 years ago the copyright Lobby found different means of scary. Off users in different parts of the world painting websites Prosecuting providers and so on but the network itself is still thriving and torrent files are as accessible as they ever were a lot of heads will probably have to roll before Bitcoin is accepted everywhere, but just like they couldn't fight file-sharing governments won't be able to fight Bitcoin. Even the policymakers will understand the advantages of Bitcoin usage sooner or later. The word later is key here. If you want to be absolutely sure that what you do with your Bitcoin is legal private or worthwhile. Just wait wait out the storm and don't use them until they're fully acceptable everywhere. They'll be worth a lot more and you'll have a lot more options in general remember holding is using One of the greatest hidden perks of Bitcoin adoption is that it forces people to think for themselves first. It forces the user to think about computer security in order to store your Bitcoins safely. You have to know what you're doing. What software and Hardware you can trust Etc. It is virtually impossible to do anything online without trusting any third-party every piece of hardware and software inside and in between each of the two computers communicating could potentially be corrupt in Bitcoin. The cautious user will be rewarded and The Reckless user will be punished eventually. This is also true for Bitcoins on and off ramps in the less. Cautious user is always more likely to end up in legal trouble the coming tsunami that is hyper Bitcoin ization is scary but a skilled Surfer can expect the ride of a lifetime. Chapter 12 the years ahead. The Lindy effect is a theory that describes the future life expectancy of a technology or an idea. It states that an ideas expected remaining lifespan is proportional to its current age so that every additional period of survival implies a longer remaining life expectancy Bitcoin, which is not only an idea but also a technology and a social experiment is 10 years old now and therefore we can expect it to stay around. And for at least another 10 at the time of writing there are exactly 17 million six hundred and sixty nine thousand nine hundred and forty-one Bitcoins around and 12 and 1/2 new ones are created every 10 minutes 17 million six hundred sixty nine thousand nine hundred and forty-one is about 84 percent of the total Supply in other words the total number of Bitcoins that will ever exist. Ten years from now around 20 million Bitcoins will have been found three more block reward having's will have taken place and the reward for each block found will be 1.5625 Bitcoins. The whole world will have a little more than two and a half million new Bitcoins around this is to be compared with more than 17 and a half million that was created during the last 10 years when they were cheap and relatively easy to come by. In the Network's first couple of years, you could acquire several Bitcoins by just claiming them from special websites called faucets every once in a while, the dollars cumulative rate of inflation was 15.6% during this period this means that each dollar lost more than one sixth of its value in the last 10 years due to quantitative easing which is the central Bankers term for counterfeiting. It is very unlikely that the cumulative rate of inflation for the you u.s. Dollar in the upcoming 10 years will be any lower than this 15.6 percent since the fractional Reserve lending system requires a little more inflation each year to sustain itself. So a little less than 2.5 million new Bitcoins to share and at least 20% more US dollars in circulation to buy them with now let's look at the internet itself metcalfe's law states that the value of a Communications Network. Proportional to the amount of users on the network squared each new internet user is a potential new Bitcoin user especially in those places on the planet where there's poor internet connectivity because those places often have a week local currency that Bitcoin functions as a hedge against in 2008 23 percent of the world's population had access to the internet and in 2018. That number was 48 percent in the developing world the numbers. Is were fourteen percent in 2008 and 41 percent in 2018. The global numbers might not double again in the forthcoming 10 years, but it looks like they'll keep on Rising especially in the developing countries where they might just double again all of these indicators. If you were Bitcoins more Fiat money more internet users Point toward a rising bitcoin price regardless of its current valuation. Bitcoin has risen in value extremely fast and has added on average an additional 0 at the end of its price figure roughly. Every three years. Can it really keep on doing so think about the underlying forces that drive the price up every single mobile device could potentially hold Bitcoins yet only a select few do when more and more people embrace the technology the whole fear of missing out cycle starts again. And the price jumps up to the next Plateau note also that every current bitcoin user can do three things with his or her Bitcoins sell them lose them or hold them on top of this Nothing is Stopping an existing Bitcoin user from acquiring new Bitcoin. Bitcoin is an Internet Protocol that is very resistant to change. It showed an unprecedented example of this in late 2017. When all of the biggest companies in Bitcoin decided that they were going to implement the proposed segregated witness upgrade and then hard Fork to to Mega byte blocks a couple of months later segregated witness, which most users wanted was activated, but the networks users resisted the two megabyte block hard. This led to a lot of frustration among the proponents of the hard fork and led to the creation of a copycat all coin called Bitcoin cash the price of both tokens Rose quickly in the aftermath of the fork, but in hindsight, the event was more of a train robbery than a Christmas gift confusing. It best segregated witness does not only free up block space, but it also allows for layer to scaling solutions to be built on top of Bitcoin such. The lightning Network the lightning Network allows for instant completely Anonymous nearly free microtransactions that do not take up block space and it is up and running right now. In addition to this the number of lightning Network transactions that can be carried out simultaneously are only limited by the bandwidth of the nodes. This makes the lightning Network a future real competitor to Visa or Mastercard many other layer to upgrades are in the works, but the core Or Bitcoin Network functions the same way it always has with its inputs and outputs its public and private keys and so on. Will some other token ever replace Bitcoin then after all more efficient Protocols are out there short answer. No this has been mentioned several times before in this book, but it can't be stressed enough scarcity on the internet was a one-time Discovery. It was a one-time invention and it cannot be repeated because resistance to replicability is the invention the coins history and unique position is what makes it truly scarce and resistant to change and these first 10 years will not repeat themselves for any quote alternative token. There is still a lot of confusion about what Bitcoin is and the idea of sound money on the internet is a hard concept to grasp since humans. Haven't ever encountered absolute scarcity before The best path forward for any person is arguably to educate him or herself and others about the invention and what it means time will tell whether your sources were true or false and it is unlikely that Bitcoin will achieve Mass adoption in the next couple of years still the infrastructure is in place and the interfaces of its surrounding software like wallets are getting more and more user-friendly every day. Remember, the iPhone was first introduced to the world in 2007 in smartphones had enormous corporate marketing to help them succeed all along the way Bitcoin grows organically, let it breathe and watch it evolve. But whatever you do, don't miss the opportunity and acquire some while you still can at this discounted price. afterthought I hope you've learned something from reading this book and I encourage every reader to fact check me and challenged. My opinions ideas left unchallenged seldom age. Well, all opinions political are not expressed in the book are first and foremost meant to be thought-provoking and are not meant to be taken too. Literally. Finally. I recommend reading some of the old Ludwig von mises Human Action for instance, perhaps while listening to some of the old Ludwig Von Beethoven the third movement of the Moonlight Sonata for instance. I hope you have enjoyed this reading of knut Spawn homes sovereignty through mathematics. Let's hit our sponsor real quick and we'll go over some commentary on this last section before we close out our week. For anyone who has a podcast anchor cannot be beaten particularly for trying to get off the ground their entire platform is free. This includes unlimited hosting both in audio that you upload and how much your listeners download. I have uploaded an incredible library of audio now and I've never paid anchor a dime. In fact, they connect me with other sponsors and have run an ad consistently on my show. So they've paid For exposure to my audience that's really hard to beat even if we ignore that I can record directly in the app or my browser. I don't need any other software. If I don't want it I can edit at sound effects clips and they automatically publish to all of the top podcasting platforms. I never had to do a thing. So if you were thinking of starting a show or already have a podcast, there's no better platform out there check out anchor by downloading the app or go to Anchor dot f gem today So anybody who has listened to this show knows that I love diving into the concept of Bitcoin as an organism and there's a couple of things that he actually points out in this one that I feel like I've probably talked about but maybe when I read it here it it really kind of hit a little bit harder when I heard him explain it was that about the lifecycle thing is that we don't really like we kind of refer to that. As a very important part of what we think of as living organisms, but there's no there's no argument that fungi are fungi are alive and yet, you know, we're talking about, you know, a network of fungi that is you know, arguably thousands and thousands of years old. So, what is the importance? Of that life cycle like is there really a life cycle because it is not like reproducing in the in the normal sense. It is it is simply growing and expanding and evolving by taking in other processes or other processes from its environment and responding to its environment in changing in order to survive longer and better on fungi is a just fascinating thing and really what's funny is the Bitcoin Got Me Down. Down the road of just kind of learning about fungi. The Paul Paul stamets has a lot of great stuff and obviously Brandon quidam and their GG all of these are great for a number of different pieces on the the fascinating nature of fungi, and then obviously the mini mini corollaries and analogies to the Bitcoin system. And there's actually one post or one part of this book, which I heard a very different. I'll see if I can't I'm going to buy actually find it real quick so I can actually read it on the show because this is a really interesting analogy for this this concept and I'll start off by actually reading the quote from sovereignty through mathematics that we just went through that leads me to think this might actually be the wrong way to conceptualize it. So it's talking about Bitcoins metabolism Works in a similar manner Bitcoin feeds on electricity and its cellular processes are its transactions. Its body has its own building blocks literal blocks that are added to its body the blockchain roughly every 10 minutes malicious blocks are considered waste and are thus eliminated by the system? So let me read you the tweet. The the Twitter thread here that I think has a very interesting new way of thinking about what the blockchain is rather than Bitcoins body. So the thread was by Rudy wertheimer worth lemur. I have no idea to sell say his name. I'm sure everybody knows him from Twitter. I'll link to this thread in the show notes along with everything else but it's just starts. We'll just jump right into the thread reminder. The blockchain is the undesirable waste that is produced during the useful process. Of transferring Bitcoins, it never ceases to amaze me how we continue to promote the positive almost magical uses of the word blockchain while virtually all experienced professionals agree that a blockchain is something to avoid it's time to refresh the terms. We use here are some ideas saying something is on the blockchain in other words. Your funds are secured on the blockchain makes no sense. Having something on a block in a chain is almost never what you desire. What you want is for people to agree that Global State changed funds are yours by consensus for similar reasons on chain and off chain are terms that put emphasis on the hardly relevant technical details better options are polluting transactions. They produce more chain and more waste and clean transactions. They do not create more. Or Global waste saying the Bitcoin blockchain and the ethereum blockchain is also counterintuitive unless you specifically are referring to the undesirable waste that's produced when transferring Bitcoins or running the evm consider the Bitcoin network instead using the terms correctly can reduce confusion and help everyone focus on our common goal minimizing our Global chain footprint to ensure the continued. Health of the Bitcoin asset in quote. That's ABS a six tweet thread as just a fascinating way to think about it is that the blockchain really is undesirable. It's just that we don't know any other way right now to 100% prove the validity and the verification of all of the coins without a history back to its creation so that we know that never in the life. of that Bitcoin have the consensus rules been violated or altered or changed arbitrarily in any way and the blockchain is something that we would love to do without if we could get that some other way, but it is just waste it is the product of how we get finality which would lead to believe that the body of Bitcoin that is growing is the nodes it is the is the constant expansion of the Bitcoin Network all of Participants and that the nodes themselves are the cells rather than the blocks of the blockchain building Bitcoin. It's the it's the nodes and the miners is everybody participating in the organism you think about it blocks are basically dead weight. They don't move or change old blocks are never are never altered. They aren't part of the process of the Bitcoin system. Everything that is changing is just at the head of Bitcoin. Thing that is live right now is the Bitcoin organism. And in that way we can lose half of the cells. We could lose half of the miners half of the nodes. We have a huge catastrophe that Bitcoin would rebuild itself. Just like if you cut, you know, half of a fungi or a mushroom Mass, whatever what have you call it in half the other half would continue to grow and move from there and just like cells in a human body. They are all Heart of an active process cells aren't stagnant. They all operate they all do things. They all perform a function. So the body would be all of the software all of the hardware. The Network's the the people behind that Hardware in networks that they're kind of like the white blood cells or the the enforcers and Protectors of the genetic code. It's amazing. How many rolls you can start to break apart here when you're talking about this thing. As a living organism, but this is I'm immediately have not if not been able to get this out of my head since it's and I read this the other day. This is just such a great idea on how to illustrate what the blockchain is. And I think I think it's very I think this is actually a really really good point that the blockchain is just kind of the if it weren't necessary. We wouldn't want it, you know, like it's it's it's just an unfortunate. You're meant to get to reach the end goal which is transaction finality and provable objective consensus on what the current state of the Bitcoin organism. The network actually is so that is actually something that has gotten me thinking a lot about that. And you know, what the hell in that in that context is the lightning Network and you know these layer to select lucian's that are building out from it because you know Bitcoin is a really fascinating thing and it is definitely to be observed and studied because I think it's going to expand in ways that we wouldn't expect and it's going to change its characteristics in a lot of different ways as well. I don't think anybody really has just like the internet, you know, we could always extrapolate we could always on Guess as to what the internet may have looked like in you know, 10 or 20 years when we're talking about back in the early 90s or something, but nobody really knows like the internet is a thing unto itself because it is a cooperation among millions and millions of people and Bitcoin is that same way is that all of these entities that get sucked into it the gravity of Bitcoins system and concept and then the economic incentives. He's like all of these things pull people in and then they cooperate and work together to expand it to fix it to make it better to make it less reliant on the blockchain to make it more secure and easily verifiable. Like all of these things are such crucial things to crucial parts of the entire system and we just don't have any idea. It's going to be the culmination of so many different people's ideas like new stuff is dropping all the time. Like State chains are a fascinating concept that are barely No a couple of month or two old and it could literally if it worked and it turns out to be which I mean it works. Theoretically it's not in a very complicated system. But if it, you know found massive adoption the idea of how to use an exchange Bitcoin would change drastically and it's just a fascinating That Could That Could Happen tenfold, you know that can happen again and again and again and everything that we think think of as a Bitcoin transaction right now could turn into so to something totally different and what I have come to think of and I still think of Mostly because of the lightning Network again lightning Network may not turn out to be As great or as a powerful of a tool as many of us think it will and if that's the case. Well, then this idea of the future of Bitcoin transactions. I think there has to be some variation on this there will be a degree of truth to this regardless, but you know, it could not be quite like I imagined it but I kind of see transactions now on the Bitcoin blockchain as what will be used to to create Financial networks is that every transaction will be some form of a fully Reserve like backed contract like the lightning Network that creates liquidity for and new a new layer that it traps value into a new network connection. So just like TCP IP gets you to connect to another the next computer. And then the next computer and you established connections and then you route through those connections. Well, I think that's what I think Bitcoin transactions will be is that the base layer is the discovery of digital scarcity and it will be used to create digital Commerce, but it won't be with base layer transactions because the more transactions we put on the base layer the more difficult it is to prove. Move any degree of scarcity whatsoever. In fact, it becomes completely meaningless. If nobody is actually validating if nobody is checking or auditing the system. So the scarcity is gone if we're using gigabyte blocks scarcity is gone not all of it is completely meaningless. You have no guarantee of anything. You're just trusting somebody else. Another thing he points out in this piece that I think is critically important and I truly believe I agree with him that it's the most it's the biggest risk to bitcoin right now is privacy that if you can't if there is no fungibility in the coins, which is why so many of the developers and the commuter so much of the community is in fact focused on this problem right now and why I think lightning is important, even if it only gets a 5x or 10x scaling because of the transaction privacy and the inability To know exactly what address the payment is coming from and that's really that was really the cypherpunk dream was to have completely Anonymous untraceable payments that we're of the destination and the origination were you could not connect the two and that's one of the powerful things about lightning. In fact, that's one of the top concerns with lightning in my opinion and privacy is still not completely there. There's still tons Of data being leaked and I would like to see more and more of the private channels which we have seen like a lot of the major nodes and services and stuff are now opening almost almost unanimously private channels, which is funny because it actually makes it look like lightning is not being used and maybe that maybe the network has actually shrunk a little bit because I know in my experience my channels have shrunk. I I opened probably like twenty four ish channels or something like that. When I first got on the lightning Network and I have since basically closed all the ones that were all flying or unreliable or something like that down to like maybe 15 between my two devices and and I guess maybe 16 I guess because my Breeze wallet has one channel with Breeze but in doing so, you know, I've I look like I've had you know a 40% reduction in my quote unquote usage of lightning Network, which is anything but the truth like I've actually started using I've used lightning way way more than I did two or three months ago. I have used it. I use it 10x as much as I did when I was opening all those channels and it looked like I was doing a lot but then at the same time you can't see on the network any of the private channels. So there's this kind of unfortunate trade-off with getting a For privacy on Lightning means that we also can't we also have no idea how many people are actually using it and we can't really know how many users there are many channels. They are like what the actual liquidity is because a very difficult the more private it becomes the more difficult it is to actually pull any of that data any of the analytics from the network. But I hope I hope we get a lot more privacy on the base layer. And I think that is actually a critical part of I actually think keeping blocks small are really important in that endeavor because it will force aggregation. It will basically force a degree of transaction compression where the the way you achieve privacy on the base layer is you aggregate transactions you put Input in a mix with you know, 100 other inputs going to a hundred outputs. And even if the amounts aren't obvious gated there is some there's at least a minor degree of additional privacy and most importantly is if you can aggregate those signatures with something like schnoor one of the developments is coming to hopefully fingers crossed if we can actually get the soft work to happen coming to bitcoin. Is that you can aggregate all the signatures? So you have no idea if the same public key signed 50 of them or just signed one of them or signed all 100 you you don't know all of the transactions look completely ubiquitous. Like there's no difference between a transaction with a multisig a transaction with 10 participants versus 10 inputs from the same person. Like it's all arbitrary. There's no At this the signature basically looks exactly the same every time and that's a really powerful. It's a really powerful privacy mechanism, but I think that is one of the top concerns in my opinion way more than the block size. In fact And I think we'll have I think we'll let connects final thoughts be either final thoughts of this piece actually, and I think we'll just close this one here. I wish I had a little bit more time to go into the commentary for yesterday's episode, but I got a lot to do and I still have to prepare for the debate happening later today. I want to at least get a little bit of Refresh on some stuff. So yeah until then don't forget to follow. Canute's van home on Twitter, obviously continue to link and have all the stuff available in the show notes and in the Twitter post so that you can see that if you want to get your hard copy of this book, which I actually think I'm going to buy myself one. I'm just so I can have this around and maybe give it to somebody at some point. You can do that on Amazon and I will have the Amazon link to it. It's not a very expensive book and it's definitely a good one to have more to share with. Somebody who's interested in getting into Bitcoin. So also don't forget to follow me on Twitter at the crypto economy. If you have not And subscribe to the show, that is the crypto economy podcast with guys Swan the guy who has read more about Bitcoin then anybody else, you know, thank you guys so much for listening to the unabridged audio and discussion of sovereignty through X by knut spawn home and thank you. Thank you for being listeners of the show and I've realized that I've had a couple like two or three patrons recently that I don't think I ever actually thanked on the show. So thank you to those guys. Everybody who has become a patron and joined us in the Crypt economy crew telegram. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. I've been one thing that I've been a little bit surprised by is what a wonderful. Resource it is to have a community of people who like want to support the show and not just like they'll do work for me but to share ideas and to really give me feedback on the episodes and you know talk about like works that they're interested in and you know, push back on my ideas, you know, we actually the old tussle with a little debates and conversations and stuff in the telegram and it's a really really great resource to have and I didn't expect it to be as useful. Well, I thought it was just going to be fun, but it's actually been a wonderful and very useful tool for me. So I appreciate it a thousand different ways. And if you want to support this show, if you want to turn all of the best written content in Bitcoin into the audio version, it deserves you can become a patron yourself and get access to the crypto economy crew telegram at patreon.com slash the crypto economy as little as one dollar a month will get you into the telegram crew and chat with all the awesome people. We've got in there and of course if you can't do that, you can always share this show out tell to people who are interested or curious about Bitcoin or who are already in Bitcoin and just don't know about the podcast don't know that they can get all of the best articles and even full books read to them and discussed. Loud on a podcast that is practically daily when I can manage it and that would be a huge huge help. Thank you so much to everyone who has and does and continues to follow and listen. It has really this has been a crazy ride and I super appreciate it and lastly do not forget to for for a huge. Thank you to knut spawn home for making this available to us. All right. I love you guys. I'm out. And until next time I am guys Wang. Take it easy guys.
Closing the week with the incredible conclusion of Knut Svanholm's work! Don't forget to thank him for making this available to us and everyone for free, so we can all discover Bitcoin together. Another great addition to the Cryptoconomy Audio Library! • A new form of life • Is the blockchain the body of the organism? • The necessity of privacy • Why you should learn to surf • The long road ahead! Don't miss this amazing work! https://www.patreon.com/thecryptoconomy  ---   This episode is sponsored by  · Anchor: The easiest way to make a podcast. 