The Fijian dollar (currency sign: FJ$, $; currency code: FJD) has been the currency of Fiji since 1969 and was also the currency between 1867 and 1873. It is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or alternatively FJ$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is divided into 100 cents.

History

Decimalisation origins
Fiji followed the pattern of South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand in that when it adopted the decimal system, it decided to use the half pound unit as opposed to the pound unit of account. The choice of the name dollar was motivated by the fact that the reduced value of the new unit corresponded more closely to the value of the US dollar than it did to the pound sterling.

Second dollar (1969–present)
The dollar was reintroduced on 15 January 1969, replacing the Fijian pound at a rate of 1 pound = 2 dollars, or 10 shillings = FJ$1. Despite Fiji having been a republic since 1987, coins and banknotes continued to feature Queen Elizabeth II until 2013, when her portrait was replaced with pictures of plants and animals.

Coinage

In 1969, coins were introduced in denominations of 1c, 2c, 5c, 10c & 20c, with a 50c coin issued in 1975. The coins had the same sizes and compositions as the corresponding Australian coins, with the 50 cents matching the cupronickel dodecagonal type introduced in Australia in 1969. In 1990, new compositions were introduced, with copper-plated zinc used for the 1¢ and 2¢ coins, and nickel-plated steel for the 5c, 10c, 20c & 50c. An aluminium-bronze  coin was introduced in 1995, replacing the  note. 2009 saw the introduction of a new smaller coinage from 5 to 50 cents. These were struck by the Royal Canadian Mint and are made with the three-ply electroplate method. The 1 and 2 cents were also discontinued and withdrawn the same year. A thinner brass plated steel  coin was later introduced in 2010, gradually phasing out the older type.

In 2013 Fiji released a whole family of new coins, with fauna themes, and without the Queen's portrait. This new series saw the introduction of a  coin, replacing the corresponding note just as the  coin had done before. This coin faced controversy due to being too easily mistaken as a , as it was only slightly larger of the same color. It was replaced by a larger and thicker Spanish flower shaped  coin in 2014. The metallic content of both the  and  was also changed in 2014 for better durability and resistance to wear after widespread complaints of the coins corroding and "turning black".

Banknotes

First dollar

In 1867, the government treasury issued 1 dollar notes. These were followed by notes for , , ,  and  issued between 1871 and 1873. Also between 1871 and 1873, King Seru Epenisa Cakobau issued notes in denominations of ¢, 25¢, 50¢, 100¢ and . Levuka (on Ovalau island) issued  and  notes during the 1870s.

Second dollar

On 15 January 1969, the government introduced notes in denominations of 50 cents, , , , and ; the  note was not issued until 1970. The Central Monetary Authority took over the issuance of paper money in 1974, issuing the same denominations, although the 50c note was replaced by a coin on 3 March 1975. In 1986, the Reserve Bank of Fiji began issuing notes. The  note was replaced by a coin in 1995. The  note was introduced in 1996, followed by a  note on 10 April 2007. Banknote denominations in circulation as of 2017 are: , , ,  and .

2007 Series

2012 Series

Commemorative banknotes

2000 2 Dollars – Millennium
2000 2,000 Dollars – Millennium
2017 7 Dollars – Victory of the Fijian rugby sevens team at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro.
2020 50 Dollars – Fiji's 50th Independence Anniversary.
2022 7 Dollars - Fijian Rugby 7s. at the Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan 
2022 88 Cents - Chinese God of Wealth
2023 100 Cents - Lunar New Year and the Year of the Dragon

Current status and value
On 16 August 2005, Finance Minister Ratu Jone Kubuabola announced that the Cabinet had approved the introduction of a  banknote and the withdrawal of the 1 and 2 cent coin, as the minting cost exceeded its face value. Kubuabola said that the  banknote would measure 156 × 67 mm, with the other banknotes receding at 5 mm towards the lowest banknote denomination. The portrait of Queen Elizabeth II would remain on all banknotes, he added, obviously in answer to calls from some politicians to remove the Queen's portrait from the currency after 18 years as a republic. Fiji is, however, a member of the Commonwealth, and Queen Elizabeth is recognized as Paramount Chief of the Great Council of Chiefs of Fiji. Her portrait was updated to a more mature one, which was released in 2007, becoming the fourth portrait of the Queen to appear on Fijian currency.

In 2009, the demonetization of the 1 and 2 cent coins was made official and a new coin set of 5, 10, 20, and 50 cent coins with reduced size were introduced. The old coins based on the Australian size standard were withdrawn from circulation.  The reformed coins were introduced to save on production costs.  The new 50 cent piece is also round with reeded edges rather than twelve-sided.  On 2 March 2011, it was announced that Fiji would drop Queen Elizabeth II from its coins and notes, instead opting for local flora and fauna. The removal was seen as retaliation for Fiji's suspension from its full membership of the Commonwealth. The new set, which was unveiled on 12 December 2012, was issued on 2 January 2013.  The new series of Fijian coins include a bi-metallic (brass-plated steel)  coin intended to replace the note, and a thinner, reduced weight  coin.  The new series of Fijian dollar banknotes feature Fijian flora and fauna to replace the portrait of Queen Elizabeth II.  One change in the redesign of the Fijian dollar banknotes was the  note. Originally printed on paper, it is now issued as a polymer banknote.

Polymer plastic-coated notes were introduced in 2007, featuring images of local people, culture, trade and industry.  Their sizes vary among denominations

A new series of notes, the "Flora and Fauna" design series, was introduced in 2013, featuring endemic flora and fauna. The image of Queen Elizabeth II no longer features in the new banknote series.  The  note, now coined, ceased to be legal tender on 31 March 2013 and the  note is now printed in green, a change from its previous tawny and brown colour scheme.  The new  note, the first banknote from the "Flora and Fauna" design series, entered into circulation on 2 April 2013.

See also
 Economy of Fiji
 Australian dollar
 New Zealand dollar
 Solomon Islands dollar

References

External links
 The Reserve Bank of Fiji Main Page
 Banks are collecting Fiji coins
 New Banknotes
 Leaflet describing the security features of the Fijian dollar banknotes
 Fiji to drop Queen from currency, telegraph.co.uk
 Coins of Fiji from worldcoingallery.com

Currencies of the British Empire
Currencies of the Commonwealth of Nations
Currencies of Fiji
1867 introductions
Currencies introduced in 1969
1969 establishments in Fiji
피지 달러(ISO 4217 부호: FJD)는 1969년부터 피지와 로투마섬에서 사용되는 통화이다. 또한 1867년부터 1873년까지의 통화이기도 하였다. 약어는 $ 나 FJ$를 사용하는데, FJ$ 는 다른 달러를 사용하는 국가와 구별하기 위해 사용하는 약어이다. 1 달러는 100 센트로 나뉜다.

역사

첫 번째 달러, 1867-1873 
피지는 "달러" (dollar)와 "센트" (cent)라고 액면이 되어있는 종이 지폐를 1867년에서 1873년 사이에 발행했다. 피지 달러는 실버 미국 달러 (silver US dollar)와 같은 가치였다. 달러는 피지가 영국의 식민지가 되었을 때 영국 파운드로 대체되었다.

두 번째 달러, 1969-현재 
1969년, 피지 달러는 피지 파운드를 1 파운드 = 2 달러, 또는 10 실링 = FJ$1의 비율로 대체하기 위해 재도입되었다. 1987년부터 피지는 공화국이 되었는데도 불구하고, 동전과 지폐는 엘리자베스 2세의 얼굴이 2013년에 그녀의 초상화가 식물과 동물 그림으로 대체되었을때까지 계속 새겨져 있었다.

동전 

1969년, 동전은 액면 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 센트가 도입되었고 이어서 50센트 동전이 1975년에 발행되었다. 피지의 동전은 1969년 12각형 모양의 50센트 동전을 도입한 것을 포함, 오스트레일리아 달러의 동전과 크기와 성분이 일치한다. 1990년, 새로운 성분으로 만들어진 동전이 도입되었는데, 1 과 2센트 동전은 구리 도금 강철로 사용되었고, 니켈 도금 강철은 5, 10, 20, 50센트 동전에 사용되었다. 황동으로 만들어진 1 달러 동전은 1995년에 도입되었다. 1,2센트 동전은 현재 회수되고 있으며 5센트 단위까지만 주로 사용하고 있다. 또한 2달러 지폐가 사라지고 금색 동전이 도입되어 사용되고있다

지폐

첫 번째 달러 
1867년, 피지의 정부 재무부는 1 달러 지폐를 발행했다. 이 정부 재무부는 계속 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 달러 지폐를 1871년에서 1874년 사이에 발행했다. 또한 1871년에서 1873년 사이, 카코바우왕이 액면 12½, 25, 50, 100 센트와 5 달러 지폐도 발행했다. 피지에 있는 레부카 (오발라우 섬에 있다.) 라는 곳은 1, 5 달러 지폐를 1870년대 동안 발행했다.

두 번째 달러 
1969년, 피지 정부는 50센트, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 달러 지폐를 도입했다. 비록 1974년에 중앙 금융 관리국 (Central Monetary Authority) 이 지폐 발행권을 가지고, 같은 종류의 지폐를 발행했지만, 50센트 지폐는 1980년에 회수되었다. 1987년, 피지 준비은행 (Reserve Bank of Fiji) 이 지폐 발행을 시작했다. 1 달러 지폐는 동전으로 1995년에 대체되었고, 같은 해 50 달러 지폐가 도입되었다. 100 달러 지폐는 2007년에 도입되었다. 현재 유통되고 있는 지폐는 다음과 같다. $5, $10, $20, $50 그리고 $100.

현재 상태와 가치 
2005년 8월 16일, 재무 장관인 Ratu Jone Kubuabola는 내각에서 100 달러 지폐를 도입하는 것과 2센트 동전 주조하는 값이 액면값을 초과했기 때문에 2센트 동전을 회수하는 것을 승인했다고 발표했다.

Kubuabola는 100 달러 지폐 크기는 156 x 67 mm가 되고, 최저 액면 지폐까지 5 mm씩 작아진다고 언급했다.

그는 덧붙여서 공화국으로서 18년 지난 후에 여왕의 초상을 현재 통화로부터 없애자는 몇몇 정치가가 제시한 제안에 대한 명확한 대답으로, 엘리자베스 2세 여왕의 초상화는 모든 지폐에 남아있을 것이라고 말했다. 피지는 그렇지만 영국 연방의 멤버이고, 여왕 엘리자베스 2세는 피지의 장관 대회의의 최고 수장으로서 인식된다.

피지 준비은행 (Reserve Bank of Fiji)의 총재인 Savenaca Narube는 2006년 2월 11일, 폴리머 플라스틱을 겉에 입혀진 지폐가 도입될 것이라고 말했고 지폐에는 현지의 사람들의 모습, 문화, 무역과 산업에 대하여 그려져 있다고 발표했다. 새 지폐는 2007년 초기에 배포의 준비를 할 수 있고, 크기가 가지각색일 것이라고 Narube가 말했다.

1 미국 달러당 피지 달러의 환율은 USD 1 = FJD 1.6에서 USD 1 = FJD 1.7로 향하고 있다.

같이 보기 
 피지의 경제

출처 

 Krause, Chester L. and Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801-1991, 18th ed., Krause Publications. .
 Pick, Albert (1994). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues, Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors), 7th ed., Krause Publications. .

외부 링크 
 The Reserve Bank of Fiji Main Page
 Banks are collecting Fiji coins
 New Banknotes
 Leaflet describing the security features of the Fijian dollar banknotes
 Fiji to drop Queen from currency, telegraph.co.uk
 Coins of Fiji from worldcoingallery.com
 2013 fauna coins of Fiji from worldcoinnews.blogspot.com

달러
피지의 경제