Here is the model, serializers and views for help requests. Can you find any vulnerabilities and list them according OWASP top 10 or with the OWASP WSTG id? Also tell me explicitly which line of code is the problem.

### apps/help\_requests/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth import get\_user\_model
from apps.certifications.models import Competence
# Create your models here.
class HelpRequest(models.Model):
 """Model for help requests"""
 service\_type = models.CharField(
 max\_length=20, choices=Competence.choices) # Type of service requested. Use Competence enum as choices.

 description = models.TextField() # Description of the request

 refugee = models.ForeignKey( # User who created the request
 get\_user\_model(), on\_delete=models.CASCADE, related\_name='refugee\_help\_request')
 volunteer = models.ForeignKey( # User who accepted the request
 get\_user\_model(), on\_delete=models.DO\_NOTHING, related\_name='volunteer\_help\_request', null=True, blank=True)

 finished = models.BooleanField(default=False) # If the request is finished
### apps/help\_requests/serializers.py
from rest\_framework import serializers
from .models import HelpRequest
import pickle
import base64
class HelpRequestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
 """ Serializer for help requests"""
 refugee = serializers.SlugRelatedField(
 read\_only=True, slug\_field='username')
 volunteer = serializers.SlugRelatedField(
 read\_only=True, slug\_field='username')

 # This field will be used to identify the request. get\_request\_id() is used to encode the request id for this field
 request\_id = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

 class Meta:
 model = HelpRequest
 fields = ('id', 'service\_type', 'description',
 'refugee', 'volunteer', 'request\_id', 'finished')
 read\_only\_fields = ('id', 'refugee', 'volunteer',
 'request\_id', 'finished')

 def get\_request\_id(self, obj): # This method will be used to encode the request id
 return base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(obj.id))

### apps/help\_requests/views.py
import base64
import pickle
from django.db.models import Q
from rest\_framework import permissions, viewsets, generics, status
from rest\_framework.exceptions import ValidationError
from rest\_framework.response import Response
from .serializers import HelpRequestSerializer
from .models import HelpRequest
from apps.certifications.models import Competence, CertificationRequest
from apps.certifications.permissions import IsVolunteer
# Create your views here.
class HelpRequestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
 """Viewset for help requests"""

 serializer\_class = HelpRequestSerializer
 permission\_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticated]
 http\_method\_names = ['get', 'head', 'delete', 'post']

 def get\_queryset(self):
 """Show own help requests if refugee, otherwise only show requests for which the user is certified and not already accepted by another volunteer"""

 if self.request.user.is\_staff:
 return HelpRequest.objects.all()
 elif self.request.user.is\_volunteer:
 approved = []
 for c in Competence:
 if CertificationRequest.IsCertified(self.request.user, c):
 approved.append(c)

 return HelpRequest.objects.filter(service\_type\_\_in=approved).filter(Q(volunteer=None) | Q(volunteer=self.request.user)).distinct()
 else:
 queryset = HelpRequest.objects.filter(refugee=self.request.user)

 service\_type = self.request.query\_params.get('service\_type', None)
 if service\_type is not None:
 queryset = queryset.filter(service\_type=service\_type)
 return queryset

 def perform\_create(self, serializer):
 """Create a help request for the current user if user is refugee"""
 if self.request.user.is\_volunteer:
 raise ValidationError("Volunteers can't create help requests")
 if self.request.user.is\_staff:
 raise ValidationError("Admins can't create help requests")
 serializer.save(refugee=self.request.user)

 def perform\_destroy(self, instance):
 """Delete a help request"""
 if self.request.user != instance.refugee and not self.request.user.is\_staff:
 raise ValidationError("Can only delete own help requests")
 instance.delete()
class AcceptHelpRequest(generics.GenericAPIView):
 """View for accepting a help request. Only POST method is allowed"""
 permission\_classes = [IsVolunteer]

 def post(self, request):
 # check if id is provided
 if not(request.data.get('request\_id')):
 return Response({'error': 'id is required'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST)

 # check if id is valid
 try:
 rId = base64.b64decode(request.data.get('request\_id'))
 rId = pickle.loads(rId)
 help\_request = HelpRequest.objects.raw(
 "SELECT \* FROM help\_requests\_helprequest WHERE id = %s", [rId])[0]
 except:
 return Response({'error': 'Invalid id'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST)

 if help\_request is None: # check if help request exists
 return Response({'error': 'Help Request does not exist'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST)

 if help\_request.volunteer is not None: # check if help request is already taken
 return Response({'error': 'Help Request is already taken'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST)

 if help\_request.finished: # check if help request is already finished
 return Response({'error': 'Help Request is already finished'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST)

 volunteer = self.request.user

 help\_request.volunteer = volunteer
 help\_request.save()
 return Response(status=status.HTTP\_200\_OK)
class FinishHelpRequest(generics.GenericAPIView):
 """View for finishing a help request. Only POST method is allowed"""
 permission\_classes = [IsVolunteer]

 def post(self, request):
 # check if id is provided
 if not(request.data.get('request\_id')):
 return Response({'error': 'id is required'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST)

 try: # check if id is valid
 rId = request.data.get('request\_id')
 help\_requests = HelpRequest.objects.raw(
 "SELECT \* FROM help\_requests\_helprequest WHERE id = '%s'" % rId)
 help\_request = help\_requests[0]
 except:
 return Response({'error': 'Invalid id'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST)
 if len(help\_requests) == 1:
 if help\_request is None: # check if help request exists
 return Response({'error': 'Help Request does not exist'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST)

 if help\_request.finished: # check if help request is already finished
 return Response({'error': 'Help Request is already finished'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST)

 if help\_request.volunteer != self.request.user: # check if help request is not taken by you
 return Response({'error': 'Help Request is not taken by you'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST)

 help\_request.finished = True
 help\_request.save()
 return Response(status=status.HTTP\_200\_OK)
 return Response(HelpRequestSerializer(help\_requests, many=True).data, status=status.HTTP\_200\_OK)
다음은 도움말 요청에 대한 모델, 직렬화기 및 보기입니다. 취약점을 찾아서 OWASP 상위 10위 또는 OWASP WSTG ID에 따라 나열할 수 있나요? 또한 어떤 코드 줄이 문제인지 명시적으로 알려주세요.### 앱/도움말\_요청/모델.pydjango.db에서 모델 가져오기django.contrib.auth에서 get\_user\_model을 가져옵니다.apps.certifications.models에서 Competence를 가져옵니다.# 여기에서 모델을 생성합니다.HelpRequest(models.Model) 클래스: """도움말 요청에 대한 모델""" service\_type = models.CharField( max\_length=20, choices=Competence.choices) # 요청된 서비스 유형. 역량 열거형을 선택 항목으로 사용합니다. description = models.TextField() # 요청에 대한 설명 refugee = models.ForeignKey( # 요청을 생성한 사용자 get\_user\_model(), on\_delete=models.CASCADE, related\_name='refugee\_help\_request') volunteer = models.ForeignKey( # 요청을 수락한 사용자 get\_user\_model(), on\_delete=models.DO\_NOTHING, related\_name='volunteer\_help\_request', null=True, blank=True) finished = models.BooleanField(default=False) # 요청이 완료된 경우### 앱/도움말\_요청/세리얼라이저.pyrest\_프레임워크에서 직렬화기 가져 오기.models에서 HelpRequest를 가져옵니다.피클 가져오기import base64class HelpRequestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer): """ 도움말 요청을 위한 직렬화기""" 난민 = serializers.SlugRelatedField( read\_only=True, 슬러그\_field='사용자 이름') 자원봉사자 = serializers.SlugRelatedField( read\_only=True, slug\_field='username') # 이 필드는 요청을 식별하는 데 사용됩니다. get\_request\_id()는 이 필드에 대한 요청 ID를 인코딩하는 데 사용됩니다. request\_id = serializers.SerializerMethodField() Meta: 모델 = HelpRequest fields = ('id', 'service\_type', 'description', '난민', '자원봉사자', '요청\_id', '완료') 읽기\_전용\_필드 = ('id', '난민', '자원봉사자', 'request\_id', 'finished') def get\_request\_id(self, obj): # 이 메서드는 요청 ID를 인코딩하는 데 사용됩니다. return base64.b64encode(pickle.dumps(obj.id))### 앱/도움말\_요청/보기.pyimport base64피클 가져오기from django.db.models import Qrest\_framework에서 권한, 뷰셋, 제네릭, 상태 가져오기rest\_framework.exceptions에서 유효성 검사 오류를 가져옵니다.rest\_framework.response에서 Response를 가져옵니다..serializers에서 HelpRequestSerializer를 가져옵니다..models에서 HelpRequest를 가져옵니다.apps.certifications.models에서 Competence, CertificationRequest를 가져옵니다.apps.certifications.permissions에서 IsVolunteer를 가져옵니다.# 여기에서 보기를 만듭니다.HelpRequestViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet) 클래스를 만듭니다: """도움말 요청에 대한 뷰셋""" serializer\_class = HelpRequestSerializer permission\_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticated] http\_method\_names = ['get', 'head', 'delete', 'post'] def get\_queryset(self): """난민인 경우 자신의 도움 요청을 표시하고, 그렇지 않으면 사용자가 인증되고 다른 자원 봉사자가 아직 수락하지 않은 요청만 표시""" if self.request.user.is\_staff: 반환 HelpRequest.objects.all() elif self.request.user.is\_volunteer: 승인됨 = [] Competence의 c에 대해: if CertificationRequest.IsCertified(self.request.user, c): approved.append(c) return HelpRequest.objects.filter(service\_type\_\_in=approved).filter(Q(volunteer=None) | Q(volunteer=self.request.user)).distinct() else: 쿼리 집합 = HelpRequest.objects.filter(refugee=self.request.user) service\_type = self.request.query\_params.get('service\_type', None) 서비스\_type이 None이 아닌 경우 쿼리셋 = 쿼리셋.필터(서비스\_type=서비스\_type) 반환 쿼리셋 def perform\_create(self, serializer): """사용자가 난민인 경우 현재 사용자에 대한 헬프 요청을 생성""" if self.request.user.is\_volunteer: raise ValidationError("자원 봉사자는 헬프 요청을 만들 수 없습니다") if self.request.user.is\_staff: 유효성 검사 오류 발생("관리자는 헬프 요청을 만들 수 없습니다") serializer.save(refugee=self.request.user) def perform\_destroy(self, instance): """헬프 요청 삭제""" self.request.user != instance.refugee이고 self.request.user.is\_staff가 아닌 경우: 유효성 검사 오류("자신의 헬프 요청만 삭제할 수 있습니다") 발생 instance.delete()AcceptHelpRequest(generics.GenericAPIView) 클래스: """도움말 요청을 수락하는 뷰입니다. POST 메서드만 허용됨""" permission\_classes = [IsVolunteer] def post(self, request): # 아이디가 제공되었는지 확인 if not(request.data.get('request\_id')): return Response({'error': '아이디가 필요합니다'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST) # 아이디가 유효한지 확인 try: rId = base64.b64decode(request.data.get('request\_id')) rId = pickle.loads(rId) help\_request = HelpRequest.objects.raw( "SELECT \* FROM help\_requests\_helprequest WHERE id = %s", [rId])[0] 예외: return Response({'error': 'Invalid id'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST) 도움말\_요청이 None인 경우: # 도움말 요청이 존재하는지 확인 return Response({'error': '도움말 요청이 존재하지 않습니다'}, status=status.HTTP\_400\_BAD\_REQUEST) help\_request.volunteer가 None이 아닌 경우: # 도움말 요청이 이미 접수되었는지 확인 반환