John Patrick Foley (November 11, 1935 – December 11, 2011) was an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. From 2007 until 2011, he was Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem, an order of knighthood under papal protection, having previously served as President of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications from 1984 to 2007. He was elevated to the cardinalate in 2007. He provided the commentary for the American television viewers of the Christmas Midnight Mass from St Peter's Basilica, Rome. However, in 2009, he retired from that role after 25 years. The commentary was taken over by Monsignor Thomas Powers of the Diocese of Bridgeport, Connecticut, an official in the Congregation for Bishops.

Pope Benedict XVI accepted Foley's resignation as grand master on February 24, 2011, due to age (on November 11, 2010, the cardinal had turned 75, the age at which all bishops must write a letter to the Pope formally offering to resign) and because of ill health (he was diagnosed in September 2009 with leukemia and anemia). He had led the Pontifical Council for Social Communications for 23 years, from 1984 to June 2007, when he was appointed grand master, and had been a consultor or member of many curial departments. At one time he was editor of The Catholic Standard and Times, the newspaper of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia. He had met with Pope Benedict XVI on February 10, two days after submitting his resignation letter to the Vatican Secretary of State.

Biography
An only child, Foley was born at Fitzgerald-Mercy Hospital in Darby, Pennsylvania, to John and Regina (née Vogt) Foley. He was raised in Sharon Hill, a suburb of Philadelphia, and was a member of Holy Spirit Parish. After graduating from the local parochial school, he attended St. Joseph's Preparatory School from 1949 to 1953, and briefly considered a Jesuit vocation. He later attended St. Joseph's College, where he was elected student-body president in 1956 and obtained a Bachelor's degree summa cum laude in history in 1957. He then studied at St. Charles Borromeo Seminary in Wynnewood, earning a Ph.B. in 1958. Foley was ordained a priest of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia by Archbishop John Krol on May 19, 1962. Foley received his Ph.L. in 1964 from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas and his Ph.D. cum laude in Philosophy from the same institution in 1965. The title of his dissertation was Natural Law, Natural Right and the Warren Court. He set a record by receiving his doctorate in philosophy from the university in one year. After returning to Philadelphia he went on to earn a master's degree in journalism from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism

Foley taught English at Cardinal Dougherty High School, Philadelphia, from 1966 to 1967. He then served as assistant editor and Rome correspondent for the archdiocesan newspaper, The Catholic Standard & Times. From 1970 to 1984 he was the newspaper's editor, and in 1976 he received the honorific title of "monsignor."

Role in the Roman Curia
On April 5, 1984, Foley was appointed President of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications and Titular Archbishop of Neapolis in Proconsulari by Pope John Paul II.  He received his episcopal consecration on the following May 8 from Cardinal Krol, with Bishops Martin Nicholas Lohmuller and Thomas Welsh serving as co-consecrators. As the council's president, he was the longest-serving head of a Curial dicastery until receiving this appointment; Archbishop Claudio Maria Celli, former Secretary of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See, was appointed as his successor. In 1989, he published a document on Pornography and Violence in the Media.

John Patrick Foley managed the creation of the .va top-level domain in 1995.

Foley sat on various organizations, including the National Conference of Christians and Jews, Pennsylvania State Ethics Commission and National Conference of Catholic Bishops.

Cardinal

Pope Benedict XVI named him as Pro-Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre on June 27, 2007.

Foley was elevated to the College of Cardinals in the consistory at St. Peter's Basilica on November 24, 2007. He was named the Cardinal-Deacon of San Sebastiano al Palatino. He is the seventh priest of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia to be elevated to the cardinalate.  He became full Grand Master on December 22, 2007.

On June 12, 2008, in addition to his other duties he was appointed by Benedict as a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments and the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples until he was weakened by illness.

On February 12, 2011, he returned to the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, where he resided at Villa St. Joseph, Darby, Pennsylvania, a home for infirm, retired, or convalescent priests of the archdiocese, until his death on December 11, 2011, from leukemia.

The two days of funeral rites began on December 15 with the reception of the body at St Charles Borromeo Seminary, Overbrook, from which Foley was ordained just shy of a half-century earlier. The daylong viewing in St Martin's Chapel ended with Mass celebrated by the senior auxiliary of Philadelphia, Bishop Daniel Thomas, who was a close friend. The funeral took place the next day in the Philadelphia Cathedral-Basilica where he had been ordained a priest and bishop and in whose crypt he was then buried. In keeping with preferences expressed by Cardinal Foley during his final weeks, Archbishop Edwin O'Brien, his successor as head of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre, celebrated the liturgy. Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan, Archbishop of New York and USCCB president, was the homilist. Both presider and preacher were friends of the deceased cardinal since the times when they headed the Pontifical North American College in Rome.

Views
During his tenure, the archbishop once sparked outrage in the homosexual community by describing the AIDS pandemic as a "natural sanction for certain types of activities."

He also defended his church's exclusively male priesthood, once saying, "Jesus clearly did not ordain women to the priesthood, nor did he authorize the Church to do so." Upon the death of John Paul II on April 2, 2005, Foley and all major Vatican officials, in accord with custom, automatically lost their positions during the sede vacante. He was confirmed as the council's president by Pope Benedict XVI several weeks later, on April 21.

Personal life
Foley reportedly would rise every day at 6:00 am to watch CNN, in order to "know what to pray about." Foley was the English liaison for Pope John Paul II's 1979 visit to the United States. He was a teetotaler and self-described "chocoholic".

Honors
He was awarded honorary degrees by St. Joseph's University, Philadelphia (1985); the Allentown College of St. Francis de Sales (1990); The Catholic University of America, Washington (1996); Assumption College, Worcester (1997); Regis University, Denver (1998); John Cabot University, Rome (1998); University of Portland (2007); Franciscan University of Steubenville (2010); and Bethlehem University (2011).
He was made Commander Grand Cross of the Order of the Northern Star (Sweden, 1991), Knight with the Collar of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre (Holy See, 1991), Grand Cross of the Order of Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile, 1996), and Grand Cross of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin (Argentina, 2003).
The Cardinal Foley Center at St. Joseph's University is named after him.
Cardinal Foley Catholic School of Havertown, Pennsylvania is named after him.

References

External links
Guest Celebrant for May 20, 1997, Archbishop John P. Foley, D.D.
Cardinal Foley biodata
John Patrick Foley, Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church

Members of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications
Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI
21st-century American cardinals
20th-century American Roman Catholic titular archbishops
St. Joseph's Preparatory School alumni
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
Pontifical North American College alumni
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas alumni
Saint Joseph's University alumni
People from Darby, Pennsylvania
People from Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania
Deaths from leukemia
Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania
1935 births
2011 deaths
Grand Masters of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Catholics from Pennsylvania
존 패트릭 폴리(, 1935년 11월 11일 - 2011년 12월 11일)는 미국의 로마 가톨릭교회 추기경이다. 교황청 사회홍보평의회 의장(1984-2007)과 예루살렘의 주님 무덤 기사단 단장(2007-2011)을 지냈다. 2007년 추기경에 서임되었다. 존 패트릭 폴리는 미국 시청자들을 위해 라틴어로 진행되는 바티칸 성 베드로 대성전에서 거행되는 예수 성탄 대축일 전야 미사를 영어로 안내방송을 해주었다. 그러나 25년이 지난 2009년에 안내방송에서 물러났다. 대신 코네티컷주 브리지포트 교구의 토머스 파워스 몬시뇰이 인계받아 안내방송을 맡았다.

교황 베네딕토 16세는 2011년 2월 24일 목요일 고령(2010년 11월 11일 추기경은 76세가 되었는데, 그 나이가 되면 모든 주교는 공식적으로 교황에게 사퇴 의사를 전달해야 한다)과 건강 악화(추기경은 2009년 9월에 백혈병과 빈혈 진단을 받았다)를 이유로 존 패트릭 폴리 추기경이 기사단장 지위에서 물러나겠다는 의사를 표시하자 이를 수락하였다. 존 패트릭 폴리는 1984년부터 2007년 6월까지 23년 동안 교황청의 고문 가운데 한 사람으로서 교황청 사회홍보평의회를 이끌었으며, 2007년 주님의 무덤 기사단의 기사단에 임명되었다. 한때 그는 필라델피아 교구 신문인 가톨릭 스탠다드 앤 타임스(The Catholic Standard and Times,)의 편집장을 지낸 적이 있었다. 그는 2월 10일 교황 베네딕토 16세를 알현하였으며 이틀 후에 자신의 사임서를 교황청 국무성성에 제출하였다.

약력 
존 패트릭 폴리는 존 폴리와 레지나 폴리의 외아들로서 미국 필라델피아 더비에 있는 피츠제럴드-머시 병원에서 태어났다. 필라델피아 교외의 샤론 힐에서 자란 그는 지역 교구 학교를 졸업한 후에 1949년 성 요셉 예비 신학교에 입학하여 1953년까지 수업을 받았으며, 이때 잠시 예수회에 입회하려는 생각을 한 적이 있었다고 한다. 그 후 성 요셉 대학교에 진학한 존 패트릭 폴리는 1956년 학생회장으로 선출되었으며, 1957년 역사학 분야에서 최고 우등생으로서 학사학위를 받았다. 존 패트릭 폴리는 1962년 5월 19일 필라델피아 대교구장 존 크롤 대주교로부터 사제 서품을 받았다.

로마 교황청에서의 역할 
1984년 4월 5일 존 패트릭 폴리는 교황 요한 바오로 2세에 의해 교황청 사회홍보평의회 의장과 네아폴리스 인 프로콘술라리의 명의대주교로 임명되었다. 그의 주교 서품식은 같은해 5월 8일 존 크롤 추기경에 의해 집전되었다.

사회홍보평의회 의장이 된 존 패트릭 폴리는 로마 교황청 기구의 수장으로써 드물게 긴 연임기간을 거친 것으로 알려져 있다. 그의 후임으로는 사도좌재산관리처 처장이었던 클라우디오 마리아 첼리 대주교가 임명되었다. 1989년 존 패트릭 폴리는 문서 《미디어의 외설물과 폭력(Pornography and Violence in the Media)》을 발간하였다.

교황 요한 바오로 2세가 2005년 4월 2일 선종하면서 전통에 따라 존 패트릭 폴리는 바티칸의 다른 주요 고위관료들과 함께 사도좌 공석(교황직 공석) 기간 동안 자동으로 자신의 직위가 일시 정지되었다. 몇 주 뒤인 4월 21일에 그는 교황 베네딕토 16세에 의해 사회홍보평의회 의장으로 재신임되었다.

추기경 
교황 베네딕토 16세는 2007년 6월 27일 존 패트릭 폴리를 주님의 무덤 기사단의 부단장으로 임명하였다. 그리고 2007년 10월 17일에는 추기경으로 지명하였다. 존 패트릭 폴리의 추기경 서임식은 2007년 11월 24일 성 베드로 대성전에서 거행되었다. 존 패트릭 폴리는 이날 서임식에서 산 세바스티아노 알 팔라티노 성당의 부제급 추기경으로 임명되었다. 이로써 그는 필라델피아 대교구 출신으로서 추기경에 서임된 일곱 번째 성직자가 되었다. 2007년 12월 22일 존 패트릭 폴리 추기경은 주님의 무덤 기사단의 기사단장으로 승격되었다.

2008년 6월 12일 존 패트릭 폴리 추기경은 교황 베네딕토 16세에 의해 경신성사성과 인류복음화성의 위원으로 추가 임명되었다.

2011년 2월 12일 존 패트릭 폴리는 필라델피아 대교구로 복귀해서 2011년 12월 11일 백혈병으로 선종할 때까지 노쇠하거나 병이 들었거나 고령으로 은퇴한 필라델피아 교구 소속 사제들의 집단 거처인 펜실베니아 더비 소재의 성 요셉 빌라에 머물렀다. 존 패트릭 폴리 추기경의 장례미사는 그가 사제 서품과 주교 서품을 받은 필라델피아 주교좌 성당에서 12월 16일에 거행되었으며, 시신은 주교좌 성당의 지하묘소에 안장되었다.

발언 
존 패트릭 폴리는 대주교로 지내는 동안 한때 에이즈를 “특정 종류의 행위에 따른 자연적 형벌”이라고 표현하여 동성애 사회의 분노를 산 적이 있었다.

또한 그는 가톨릭교회가 남성에게만 사제 서품을 인정하는 것에 대해 다음과 같이 변호하였다. “예수님께서는 분명히 여자를 사제로 임명하지 않으셨으며, 교회가 그렇게 하도록 허락하신 적도 없다.”

각주 

1935년 출생
2011년 사망
미국의 추기경
20세기 로마 가톨릭 대주교
21세기 로마 가톨릭 대주교