Arnulf of Metz ( 582 – 645) was a Frankish bishop of Metz and advisor to the Merovingian court of Austrasia. He later retired to the Abbey of Remiremont. In French he is also known as Arnoul or Arnoulf. In English he is known as Arnold.

Genealogy
The Vita Sancti Arnulfi (c. 657), written shortly after the saint's death, states that he was of Frankish ancestry, from "sufficiently elevated and noble parentage, and very rich in worldly goods". Tenth and eleventh century texts like Genealogiae Breves Regum Francorum often claim that Arnoald is Arnulf's father, but this is considered a fabrication. Medieval Frankish historians Patrick Geary and Richard Gerberding observe that the lack of contemporary written texts makes it impossible to trace Arnulf's ancestry. 

Arnulf of Metz is traditionally considered the earliest named ancestor of Charlemagne and the Carolingian Dynasty. This belief originates from two sources written after Arnulf's death. Paul the Deacon's Liber de episcopis Mettensibus (c. 784) presents Arnulf as Charlemagne's third great-grandfather, while Annales Mettenses Priores (805) depicts him as only a "close relative."  Because these two accounts are inconsistent and written a century after Arnulf's death, there is widespread scholarly agreement that the familial connection between Arnulf and Charlemagne is an invention by Charlemagne.

Life
Arnulf was born to an important Frankish family near Nancy in Lorraine around 582. The family owned vast domains between the Moselle and Meuse rivers. As an adolescent, he was called to the Merovingian court of king Theudebert II (595–612) of Austrasia where he was educated by Gondulf of Provence. Arnulf was later sent to serve as dux at the Schelde.

Arnulf gave distinguished service at the Austrasian court under Theudebert II. He distinguished himself both as a military commander and in the civil administration; at one time he had under his care six distinct provinces. Arnulf married in 596 to a noblewoman whom later sources give the name of Dode, or Doda (born c. 584), the paternal aunt of Saint Glodesind of France, an abbess of a convent in Metz. Chlodulf of Metz was their oldest son, but more important is his second son Ansegisel, who married Begga daughter of Pepin I, Pepin of Landen. Arnulf is thus the male-line grandfather of Pepin of Herstal, great-grandfather of Charles Martel and great-great-great-grandfather of Charlemagne.

Around 611, he and his friend Romaricus, likewise an officer of the court, planned to make a pilgrimage to the Abbey of Lérins. Chlothachar, who appreciated Arnulf's administrative skills, offered him the vacant see of Metz, the capital of the Austrasian kingdom. His wife took the veil as a nun in a convent at Treves, and Arnulf saw it as a sign of God and became a priest and bishop afterwards. Arnulf continued to serve as the king's steward and courtier.

The rule of Austrasia came into the hands of Brunhilda, the grandmother of Theudebert, who ruled also in Burgundy in the name of her great-grandchildren. In 613 Arnulf joined his politics with Pepin of Landen and led the opposition of Frankish nobles against Queen Brunhilda. The revolt led to her overthrow, torture and eventual execution, and the subsequent reunification of Frankish lands under Chlothachar II.

Chlothachar later made his son Dagobert I king of Austrasia, which he ruled with the help of his adviser Arnulf. Pepin of Landen, became the mayor of the palace. In 624 Pepin and Arnulf encouraged Dagobert in the murder of Chrodoald, an important leader of the Frankish Agilolfings family. In 625 Arnulf took part in a council held by the Frankish bishops at Reims.

During his career he was attracted to religious life, and around 628 he retired to a hermitage at a mountain site in his domains in the Vosges to become a monk. His friend Romaric, whose parents had been killed by Brunhilda, had preceded him to the mountains around 613. Romaric and Amatus had already established Remiremont Abbey there. After the death of Chlothachar in 629, Arnulf settled near Habendum, where he died some time between 643 and 647. He was buried at Remiremont.

Arnulf is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church. In iconography, he is typically portrayed with a pastoral staff or a rake in his hand.

Legends
There are three legends associated with Arnulf:

The Legend of the Ring
Arnulf was tormented by the violence that surrounded him and feared that he had played a role in the wars and murders that plagued the ruling families. Obsessed by these sins, Arnulf went to a bridge over the Moselle river. There he took off his bishop's ring and threw it into the river, praying to God to give him a sign of absolution by returning the ring to him. Many penitent years later, a fisherman brought to the bishop's kitchen a fish in the stomach of which was found the bishop's ring. Arnulf repaid the sign of God by immediately retiring as bishop and becoming a hermit for the remainder of his life.

The Legend of the Fire
At the moment Arnulf resigned as bishop, a fire broke out in the cellars of the royal palace and threatened to spread throughout the city of Metz. Arnulf, full of courage and feeling unity with the townspeople, stood before the fire and said, "If God wants me to be consumed, I am in His hands." He then made the sign of the cross at which point the fire immediately receded.

The Legend of the Beer Mug
It was July 642 and very hot when the parishioners of Metz went to Remiremont to recover the remains of their former bishop. They had little to drink and the terrain was inhospitable. At the point when the exhausted procession was about to leave Champigneulles, one of the parishioners, Duc Notto, prayed "By his powerful intercession the Blessed Arnold will bring us what we lack." Immediately the small remnant of beer at the bottom of a pot multiplied in such amounts that the pilgrims' thirst was quenched and they had enough to enjoy the next evening when they arrived in Metz. For this reason he is known as the patron saint of Brewers.

See also

 The Pippinids, who traced their descent from Arnulf
 Tonantius Ferreolus (senator)

Notes

References
 Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints, edited, revised and supplemented by Thurston and Attwater. Christian Classics, Westminster, Maryland.
 Bouchard, Constance. “The Carolingian Creation of a Model of Patrilineage.” In Paradigms and Methods in Early Medieval Studies, edited by Celia Martin Chazelle and Felice Lifshitz, 1st ed., 135–52. The New Middle Ages. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
 Christian Settipani – La Préhistoire des Capétiens, Première Partie.
 Fouracre, Paul, and Richard A. Gerberding, trans. “Vita Domnae Geretrude (The Life of Saint Geretrude).” In Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640-720, 301–30. Manchester Medieval Sources Series. Manchester ; New York
Geary, Patrick. Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
 Gerberding, Richard A. The Rise of the Carolingians and the Liber Historiae Francorum. Oxford Historical Monographs. Oxford : New York: Clarendon Press ; Oxford University Press, 1987.
 McNamara, Jo Ann, John E. Halborg, and E. Gordon Whatley, eds. Sainted Women of the Dark Ages. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992.
 Saint ARNOUL – ancêtre de Charlemagne et des Européens, edited by Imp. Louis Hellenbrand. Le Comité d'Historicité Européene de la Lorraine, Metz, France, 1989.

External links
 

580s births
645 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
People from Meurthe-et-Moselle
Pippinids
Carolingian dynasty
Bishops of Metz
7th-century Frankish bishops
7th-century Frankish saints
아르눌프(Saint Arnoul de Metz, Saint Arnulf of Metz, 580년 - 641년 7월 18일)은 프랑크 왕국 아우스트라시아의 귀족이자 아우스트라시아 왕국의 군인, 궁정 행정관, 성직자였다. 메츠 교구 주교를 역임하였다. 그는 성직자이면서 군인이기도 했다. 사후 가톨릭 성자로 추대되었고 축일은 8월 16일 또는 8월 19일이다.

610년 주교가 되고 613년에는 메츠의 주교가 되었다. 아우스트라시아 테오데베르트 2세와 힐데베르트 3세의 궁정 행정관이었으나 브룬힐트의 섭정에 반발, 동료 궁재인 피핀 1세 등과 함께 네우스트리아의 왕 클로타르 2세를 받아들여 프랑크 왕국을 재통일하게 했다. 623년부터 프랑크 왕국의 고문으로 있었고, 629년 은퇴하여 은수자가 되었다. 피핀 1세와 함께 아우스트라시아의 유력 귀족이었고, 피핀 2세의 할아버지였다.

생애

정치 활동 

아르눌프는 프랑크 왕국의 귀족가문 출신으로, 580년경 아우스트라시아 낭시 근처에서 태어났으며 그의 친구이자 아우스트라시아의 행정관이었고 사돈이기도 한 피핀 1세와 함께 샤를마뉴의 조상이 된다. 그의 부인 메츠의 도다는 아르눌프의 전임자인 아르노알드의 딸이다. 일설에는 아르눌프가 아르노알드의 아들이라는 설도 있다.

그의 젊은 시절에 대해서는 알려진 바가 없다. 아우스트라시아 왕 테오데베르트 2세와 힐데베르트 3세의 왕실에서 궁재로 일했으나, 왕의 증조모 브룬힐트의 섭정에 비판적이었다. 610년 메츠의 주교로 임명되었다. 613년 피핀 1세와 함께 브룬힐트에 대한 귀족들의 반대를 주도하다가 613년 왕의 친척이자 정적인 네우스트리아의 왕 클로타르 2세에게 파병을 요청, 클로타르 2세에게 브룬힐트를 넘겨주었다. 그뒤 프랑크 왕국이 클로타르 2세의 영도 하에 재통일되었다. 613년 주교가 되었다.

은수자 생활 
623년부터 아우스트라시아의 궁정의 장관이 된 피핀 1세 등과 함께 다고베르트 1세의 고문이 되었고, 626년 주교직을 사임하고, 629년 공직에서 물러나 은수자(隱修者)가 되어 은둔소로 가서 여생을 보냈다.

메츠의 주교 아르노알드의 딸 메츠의 도다와 결혼하여 안세기셀, 클로둘포 등의 자녀를 두었다. 그는 도다와 결혼하였으나, 613년 부인 도다가 수녀가 되자, 그는 레뎅 수도원으로 은퇴하려고 하였으나 클로타르 1세가 그를 붙잡아 두었다. 그의 아들 클로둘포는 역시 성직자가 되었다가 후에 가톨릭 성인으로 추앙되었고, 다른 아들 안제기젤은 피핀 1세의 딸 베가와 혼인했고, 이들이 낳은 아들 피핀 2세는 샤를마뉴의 증조부가 된다. 손녀 클로틸드 도다(Clotilde Dode)는 테오도리히 3세에게 시집갔는데 증손녀인 베르트라다는 자신의 외삼촌이자, 아르눌프의 또다른 손자인 레온 백작 마르틴과 결혼했다.

아르눌프는 사후 성인으로 추대되었으며, 그의 장인인 성 아르노알드, 성자로 추대된 둘째 아들 클로둘포, 사돈이자 복자로 추대된 피핀 1세, 복자 이둘베르가, 피핀 1세 내외의 딸이자 며느리 베가의 자매인 성 게르투르데 등은 후일 카롤링거 가문의 정치적 후광의 뒷받침이 되었다. 641년 7월 18일 르미르몽에서 사망했다. 그는 용감한 전사이며 덕망 높은 고문관이었다.

가족 관계 
 부인 : 메츠의 도다(Dode de Metz)
 아들 : 안세기셀(Ansegisel, ? - 692년)
 며느리 : 베가(Vegga, ? - 693년)
 손녀 : 클로틸드 도다(Clotilde Dode)
 손녀사위 : 테오도리히 3세
 증손녀 : 베르트라다, 증손녀이자 손자 마르틴의 부인
 손자 : 피핀 2세(Pepin II, 630년 - 714년)
 손자 : 마르틴(Marthin de Leon, ? - 680, 레온 백작)
 손자며느리 : 베르트라다(Berthrada, 프랑크 왕 테오도리히 3세의 딸)
 아들 : 클로둘포(Clodulf, 697년)
 손자 : 아르눌프 2세(? - 714년)
 장인 : 아르노알드(Arnoald, 540년 - 611년 메츠의 주교)
 사돈 : 피핀 1세(Pepin II von Landen, 580 - 639)
 사부인 : 이타 또는 이둘베르가(Itta Idulberga), 테오발트 1세의 아들인 롬바르디아 공작 그리모알드의 딸
 사돈 : 성녀 게르트루데(St. Gertrude, 별칭은 게르만의 이시스)
 사돈 : 그리모알드 1세(Grimoald I)

기타 
아들 클로둘포도 메츠의 주교를 역임했다. 일설에는 아르눌프가 아르노알드의 아들이라는 설도 있다.

같이 보기 
 클로타르 2세
 안세기셀
 아르노알드
 피핀 1세
 그리모알드 1세
 클로둘포

외부 링크 

 가톨릭 성인 아르눌프
 아르눌프

580년 출생
641년 사망
가톨릭 성인
프랑크인 귀족
프랑크인 주교
프랑크인 전사
육군 군인
저격수
은자
프랑크인 장군
로마 가톨릭교도
카롤루스 왕조
메로베우스 왕조
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