Heiko Augustinus Oberman (1930–2001) was a Dutch historian and theologian who specialized in the study of the Reformation.

Life
Oberman was born in Utrecht on 15 October 1930. He earned his doctorate in theology from the University of Utrecht in 1957 and joined the faculty of the Harvard Divinity School in 1958. There he rose rapidly from instructor to associate professor and, in 1963, to professor of church history. He was appointed Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard Divinity School in 1964 and continued teaching there until 1966. He then accepted a chair in the theology faculty at the University of Tübingen, Germany, where he also became director of the Institute for Late Middle Ages and Reformation Research.  Later in life, Oberman founded the Division for Late Medieval and Reformation Studies at the University of Arizona. His major books include The Harvest of Medieval Theology: Gabriel Biel and Late Medieval Nominalism (1963), which articulated his program of bridging the gap between the later Middle Ages and Reformation era (at least in the field of theology), and an iconoclastic biography of Martin Luther, translated from German as Luther: Man Between God and the Devil (1989).  About Luther, Oberman wrote: "There is no way to grasp Luther's milieu of experience and faith unless one has an acute sense of his view of Christian existence between God and the Devil: without a recognition of Satan's power, belief in Christ is reduced to an idea about Christ – and Luther's faith becomes a confused delusion in keeping with the tenor of his time." He died on 22 April 2001.

Honors
Numerous honorary degrees and affiliations in the United States and abroad pay homage to Oberman's stature as a scholar and an educator. He became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1963, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1964, and a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1991. In 1996, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences awarded him the prestigious Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for History – the highest honor a historian can receive – and, in 2001, shortly before his death, he was told that he would be awarded a knighthood by Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands in 2002 for extraordinary representation of Dutch scholarship and culture. At the University of Arizona, he was named Regents' Professor of History in 1988 and was honored with the 5-Star Faculty Teaching Award in 1989, the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences Teaching Award for Graduate Instruction in 1999, and the SBS Board of Advisors Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001.

Bibliography
 Monographs
 Archbishop Thomas Bradwardine, a Fourteenth Century Augustinian:  A Study of His Theology in Its Historical Context (Utrecht:  Kemink & Zoon, 1957) 
 The Harvest of Medieval Theology: Gabriel Biel and Late Medieval Nominalism (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1963); reprint (Grand Rapids, MI:  Baker Academic, 2001)  
 The Virgin Mary in Evangelical Perspective (Philadelphia:  Fortress Press, 1971) 
 Contra Vanam Curiositatem:  Ein Kapitel der Theologie zwischen Seelenwinkel und Weltall (Zürich:  Theologischer Verlag, 1974) 
 Werden und Wertung der Reformation: vom Wegestreit zum Glaubenskampf (Tübingen : J.C.B. Mohr, 1977); English translation: Masters of the Reformation:  The Emergence of a New Intellectual Climate in Europe, translated by Dennis Martin (New York:  Cambridge University Press, 1981)
 Wurzeln des Antisemitismus. Christenangst und Judenplage im Zeitalter von Humanismus und Reformation, Berlin: Severin und Siedler, 1981); English translation: The Roots of Anti-Semitism in the Age of Renaissance and Reformation, translated by James I. Porter (Philadelphia:  Fortress Press, 1984) 
 Luther – Mensch zwischen Gott und Teufel (Berlin: Severin und Siedler, 1981); English translation: Luther – Man between God and the Devil, translated by Eileen Walliser-Schwartzbart (London:  HarperCollins, 1993) 
 De Erfenis van Calvijn:  Grootheid en Grenzen (Kampen:  Kok, 1988) 
 John Calvin and the Reformation of the Refugees, edited by Peter Dykema (Geneva:  Librairie Droz, 2009)

Collected essays
 Dawn of the Reformation:  Essays in Late Medieval and Early Reformation Thought (Edinburgh:  T. & T. Clark, 1986)  
 The Reformation:  Roots and Ramifications, translated by Andrew Colin Gow (Edinburgh:  T. & T. Clark, 1993) 
 The Impact of the Reformation:  Essays (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1994)  
 The Two Reformations:  The Journey from the Last Days to the New World, edited by Donald Weinstein (New Haven:  Yale University Press, 2003) 
 Zwei Reformationen: Luther und Calvin—alte und neue Welt. edited by Manfred Schulze (Berlin: Siedler, 2003) Review in H-Soz-u-Kult (German)

Edited sources
 H.A. Oberman, ed. Forerunners of the Reformation:  The Shape of Late Medieval Thought (New York:  Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966); reprint (Philadelphia : Fortress Press, 1981. 
 Gabriel Biel, Defensorium Obedientiae Apostolicae Et Alia Documenta, ed. and trans. Heiko Augustinus Oberman, Daniel E. Zerfoss, and William J. Courtenay (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1968)

Festschrifts
 Kenneth Hagen, ed. Augustine, The Harvest, and Theology (1300–1650): Essays Dedicated to Heiko Augustinus Oberman in Honor of His Sixtieth Birthday (Leiden: Brill, 1990) 
 Robert James Bast and Andrew Colin Gow, eds. Continuity and Change: The Harvest of Late Medieval and Reformation History: Essays Presented to Heiko A. Oberman on His 70th Birthday (Leiden: Brill, 2000)

See also
 Richard Marius

References

External links
 Biography at the University of Arizona Division of Late Medieval and Reformation Studies
 Obituary in The Telegraph
 Obituary at the New Netherland Institute

1930 births
2001 deaths
Reformation historians
Dutch historians of religion
Dutch Calvinist and Reformed theologians
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Writers from Utrecht (city)
Utrecht University alumni
Harvard Divinity School faculty
University of Arizona faculty
Winners of the Heineken Prize
20th-century Dutch historians
Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America
Members of the American Philosophical Society
헤이코 아우휘스티뉘스 오베르만(, 1930년 10월 15일 ~ 2001년 4월 22일) 혹은 하이코 오버만은 네덜란드 출신의 역사가이며 신학자로 종교개혁과 중세교회사, 중세철학, 그리고 가브리엘 비엘과 같은 중세철학자에 관하여 세계적인 권위자이다.

그의 아버지는 유대인들을 안전하게 보호한 것 때문에 나찌에 의해서 감옥생활을 하였는데 위트레흐트에서 출생하여 어릴적 유대인들과 함께 집안에서 살았다. 위트레흐트 대학교에서 1957년에 박사 학위를 받고 동 대학원에서 교수를 한 후에 1958년에 하버드 대학교 신학과로 자리를 옮겼으며 1966년까지 가르쳤다. 그후 독일 튀빙겐 대학교에서 후기 중세와 종교 개혁 연구소의 소장을 맡고 강의를 하였고, 애리조나 대학교에서도 같은 연구소를 창설하였다. 라틴어에 해박하며 미국 프린스턴 신학교 워필드 룸에서 열린 미국 칼뱅학회의 발표 시에 원고를 소지하지 않은 상태에서 학술 발표를 하였는데 라틴어 원문을 거의 암기하다시피 인용하는 세계적인 학자의 모습을 보여주었다. 그는 화란어, 독일어, 영어에 능통한 학자였다.

1963년에 네덜란드 왕립학회(Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) 회원으로 임명되었으며 1968년에는 이 학회로부터 교회사 분야로 상을 받았다. 종교 개혁가 마르틴 루터와 칼빈 연구로 크게 공헌을 하였다. 특별히 후기 중세와 종교 개혁 사이의 간격을 이어주는 연구에 전문가이다.

참고 문헌 
 Archbishop Thomas Bradwardine, a Fourteenth Century Augustinian:  A Study of His Theology in Its Historical Context (Utrecht:  Kemink & Zoon, 1957)
 The Harvest of Medieval Theology: Gabriel Biel and Late Medieval Nominalism (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1963); reprint (Grand Rapids, MI:  Baker Academic, 2001)
 The Virgin Mary in Evangelical Perspective (Philadelphia:  Fortress Press, 1971)
 Contra Vanam Curiositatem:  Ein Kapitel der Theologie zwischen Seelenwinkel und Weltall (Zürich:  Theologischer Verlag, 1974)
 Werden und Wertung der Reformation: vom Wegestreit zum Glaubenskampf (Tübingen : J.C.B. Mohr, 1977); English translation: Masters of the Reformation:  The Emergence of a New Intellectual Climate in Europe, translated by Dennis Martin (New York:  Cambridge University Press, 1981)
 Wurzeln des Antisemitismus. Christenangst und Judenplage im Zeitalter von Humanismus und Reformation, Berlin: Severin und Siedler, 1981); English translation: The Roots of Anti-Semitism in the Age of Renaissance and Reformation, translated by James I. Porter (Philadelphia:  Fortress Press, 1984)
 Luther — Mensch zwischen Gott und Teufel (Berlin: Severin und Siedler, ©1981); English translation: Luther - Man between God and the Devil, translated by Eileen Walliser-Schwartzbart (London:  Harper Collins, 1993)
 De Erfenis van Calvijn:  Grootheid en Grenzen (Kampen:  Kok, 1988)
 John Calvin and the Reformation of the Refugees, edited by Peter Dykema (Geneva:  Librairie Droz, 2009)
 Dawn of the Reformation:  Essays in Late Medieval and Early Reformation Thought (Edinburgh:  T. & T. Clark, 1986)
 The Reformation:  Roots and Ramifications, translated by Andrew Colin Gow (Edinburgh:  T. & T. Clark, 1993)
 The Impact of the Reformation:  Essays (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans, 1994)
 The Two Reformations:  The Journey from the Last Days to the New World, edited by Donald Weinstein (New Haven:  Yale University Press, 2003)
 Zwei Reformationen: Luther und Calvin--alte und neue Welt. edited by Manfred Schulze (Berlin: Siedler, 2003) Review in H-Soz-u-Kult (German)

 H.A. Oberman, ed. Forerunners of the Reformation:  The Shape of Late Medieval Thought (New York:  Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966); reprint  (Philadelphia : Fortress Press, 1981.
 Gabriel Biel, Defensorium Obedientiae Apostolicae Et Alia Documenta, ed. and trans. Heiko Augustinus Oberman, Daniel E. Zerfoss, and William J. Courtenay (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1968)

 기념논문집

 Kenneth Hagen, ed. Augustine, The Harvest, and Theology (1300-1650): Essays Dedicated to Heiko Augustinus Oberman in Honor of His Sixtieth Birthday (Leiden: Brill, 1990)
 Robert James Bast and Andrew Colin Gow, eds. Continuity and Change: The Harvest of Late Medieval and Reformation History: Essays Presented to Heiko A. Oberman on His 70th Birthday (Leiden: Brill, 2000)

외부 링크 
 Biography at the University of Arizona Division of Late Medieval and Reformation Studies
 Obituary in The Telegraph.
 Obituary at the New Netherland Institute
Heiko Oberman Papers 1949-2016 (bulk 1985-2001)

각주 

1930년 출생
2001년 사망
네덜란드의 역사가
네덜란드의 개신교 신학자
종교사학자
역사 교육자
칼뱅파와 개혁파 기독교인
네덜란드 왕립 예술 과학 아카데미 회원
위트레흐트 출신
위트레흐트 대학교 동문
애리조나 대학교 교수
하버드 대학교 교수
20세기 기독교 신학자
20세기 네덜란드 사람
21세기 네덜란드 사람