Paul Callaghan
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Sir Paul Terence Callaghan GNZM FRS FRSNZ (/ˈkæləhæn/ KAL-ə-han; 19 August 1947 - 24 March 2012) bụ onye New Zealand physicist onye, dị ka onye guzobere MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology na Victoria University of Wellington, nwere ọkwa Alan MacDiaramid Prọfesọ nke Physical Sciences ma bụrụ Onye isi oche nke International Society of Magnetic Resonance.

Akụkọ ndụ 
A mụrụ Callaghan na 19 Ọgọstụ 1947, nwa Mavis na Ernest Callaghan. O nwere nwanne nwoke tọrọ ya bụ Jim, nwanne nwanyị tọrọ ya bụ Jeanine, na nwanne nwanyị ọ tọrọ bụ Mary. Nne nne ya bụ Agnes na Francis Hogg.

Onye obodo Whanganui, Callaghan gara Wanganui Technical College (nke bụzi Wanganui City College). O nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ ya na physics na Mahadum Victoria nke Wellington ma mesịa nweta akara ugo mmụta DPhil na Mahadum Oxford na-arụ ọrụ na physics dị ala. Mgbe ọ laghachiri New Zealand n'afọ 1974, ọ malitere ọrụ nkuzi na Mahadum Massey, ebe ọ malitere ime nchọpụta maka itinye magnetic resonance na ọmụmụ nke ihe dị nro. E mere ya Prọfesọ nke Physics na 1984, a họpụtara ya Alan MacDiarmid Prọfesor nke Physical Sciences na 2001. N'afọ sochirinụ, dị ka onye isi ntọala ya, o nyere aka guzobe MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology.

Callaghan bụ onye isi oche nke Academy Council nke Royal Society of New Zealand (RSNZ), ma bipụta ihe karịrị isiokwu 240 na akwụkwọ sayensị, yana akwụkwọ Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy na 1994 na Translational Dynamics na Magnetic Resonance na 2011. Ọ bụ onye nduzi guzobere na onye nwere òkè nke Magritek, ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ nke dị na Wellington nke na-ere resonance magnetik nuklia na ngwá ọrụ MRI. Ọ bụ onye na-ekwu okwu n'ihu ọha mgbe niile n'ihe gbasara sayensị ma, na 2007, otu n'ime usoro redio ya, nke mkparịta ụka ya na Kim Hill na Redio New Zealand pụtara n'ụdị akwụkwọ dị ka As Far as We Know: Conversations about Science, Life and the Universe. Akwụkwọ nke afọ 2009, Wool to Weta: Transforming New Zealand's Culture and Economy, kwuru maka ikike sayensị na teknụzụ ọchụnta ego nwere iji mee ka akụ na ụba New Zealand dị iche iche. Ọ bụ onye na-egosi ihe ngosi n'otu oge, Beyond the Farm and the Themepark, nke na-ekwu maka otu nsogbu ahụ.

N'afọ 2001, Callaghan ghọrọ onye New Zealand nke iri atọ na isii ka e mere Fellow nke Royal Society nke London. E nyere ya Ampere Prize na 2004 na RSNZ's Rutherford Medal na 2005. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nke New Zealand Order of Merit na 2006 New Year Honours, na 2007 e nyere ya World Class New Zealander Award na Sir Peter Blake Medal. Royal Society of New Zealand nyere ya James Cook Research Fellowship afọ abụọ n'afọ 2008. N'afọ 2009, ọ nabatara nhọpụta ọzọ dị ka Knight Grand Companion nke New Zealand Order of Merit mgbe gọọmentị New Zealand weghachiri nsọpụrụ.

N'afọ 2010, e nyere ya Ihe nrite Günther Laukien maka Magnetic Resonance ma kesaa ihe nrite sayensị nke praịm minista New Zealand. N'afọ 2011, a kpọrọ ya Kiwibank's New Zealander of the Year ma mesịa họpụta ya dị ka onye nsọpụrụ nke Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.

Callaghan nwụrụ na 24 Machị 2012, mgbe ọ dị afọ 64, mgbe ọ lụchara ọgụ ogologo oge na ọrịa kansa eriri afọ. Nwunye mbụ ya, Sue Roberts, ụmụ abụọ, Catherine na Chris, na nwunye ya nke abụọ Miang Lim hapụrụ ya. Mgbe ọ nwụsịrị, Callaghan nwetara ihe nrite World Class New Zealand ọzọ, na-aghọ onye mmeri kachasị elu na Mee 2012.

Ụlọ ọrụ New Zealand Crown, Callaghan Innovation, nke e guzobere na Febụwarị 2013, akpọrọ aha ya.

Ebe ndị a na-enye aka 
Callaghan bụ onye dere ihe karịrị akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ 230. Ìgwè nyocha ya bụ ọkachamara n'ịmepụta usoro NMR maka ọmụmụ nke molecular dynamics na nhazi nke molecule na mmiri dị mgbagwoju anya, ihe dị nro na ihe ndị nwere oghere. Ebe ndị isi na-enye aka gụnyere:

 Rheo-NMR (rheology nke mmiri ndị a na-amụ site na nuclear magnetic resonance) 
 Mgbasa nke molecules na mgbasa ozi nwere oghere (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịmụ ọdịdị microscopic nke ice mmiri).
 Mmepe nke usoro NMR nke na-eji Ike ndọta nke ụwa.

Ọnọdụ 

 1974 Onye nkuzi, Mahadum Massey, Palmerston North
 1984 Prọfesọ nke Physics, Mahadum Massey, Palmerston North
 2001 Alan MacDiarmid Prọfesọ nke Sayensị Physical na Mahadum Victoria, Wellington

Onyinye na nsọpụrụ

Ihe odide

Njikọ mpụga 

 Paul Callaghan na MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
 Soft Matter na Porous Media Group na Mahadum Victoria nke Wellington (VUW) 
 Dancing With Atoms, ihe nkiri 2018 banyere ndụ na ọrụ Callaghan site na Shirley Horrocks