Irma Stern
Irma Stern (ubochí abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba 1894 rụo ụbọchị irí abụọ na àtó n'ọnwa Ọgọst 1966) bụ ónyé isi na-ese ihe na South Africa nke nwetara nkwado mba na nke mba ụwa n'oge ndụ ya.

Ndụ 
A mụrụ Stern na Schweizer-Reneke, obéré ọbọdọ dị na Transvaal, nke nné na nnà German-Jewish. Ndị Britain tinyere nna ya n'ogige ịta ahụhụ n'oge Agha Boer Mbụ n'ihi na ọ na-akwado ndị Boer. Ya mèrè, nné ha kpọgara Irma na nwanne ya nwoke nke obéré, Rudi, na Cape Town. N'afọ 1901, ezinụlọ ahụ laghachiri Germany ma mesịa na-eme njem mgbè niile n'etiti South Africa na Germany. Njem a mekwara ka Irma nwee mmetụta na mmepe dị ka onye na-ese ihe.

N'afọ 1926, Stern lụrụ Johannes Prinz, onye bụbu onye nkuzi ya, onye mechara bụrụ prọfesọ German na Mahadum Cape Town. Ha gbara alụkwaghịm na 1934.

Irma Stern gara ọtụtụ njem na Europe ma nyochaa ndịda Africa, Zanzibar na mpaghara Congo. Njem ndị a nyere ọtụtụ isiokwu màkà ihe osise ya ma nye ya ohere inweta ma chịkọta nchịkọta ihe ochie. Ebumnuche Stern bụ ime njem nke ukwuu n'oge ndụ ya: na 1931 gaa Madeira, na 1937 na 1938 gaa Dakar, Senegal, 1939 na 1945 Zanzibar, mpaghara Congo na 1942, 1946 na 1955, 1952 Madeira, 1952 Israel, 1955 Turkey, 1960 Spain na 1963 France. Stern mekwara njem nke ukwuu na South Africa, dịka ọmụmaatụ na 1926 gaa Swaziland na Pondoland, na 1933 gaa Namaqualand, na 1936 n'ozuzu, na 1941 gaa Eastern Cape. Stern jụrụ ịga njem ma ọ bụ gosipụta na Germany n'oge ọchịchị ndị Nazi site na 1933 ruo 1945. Njem ndị a méré ka e nwee ọgaranya nke nkà na ume yana mbipụta nke akwụkwọ akụkọ abụọ nwèrè ihe osise: Congo, nke e bipụtara na 1943 na Zanzibar na 1948.

Nnakwere 
E mèrè ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu narị ihe ngosi n'onwe ya n'oge ndụ ya na South Africa na Europe, gụnyere Germany, France, Italy na England. Ọ bụ ezie na a nabatara ya na Europe, a maghị ọrụ ya na mbụ na South Africa, ebe ndị nkatọ kwara  ngosi mbụ ya n'afọ 1920 site na nyocha akpọrọ "Art of Miss Irma Stern - Ugliness as a cult". [citation needed]

E guzobere Irma Stern Museum na 1971 ma bụrụkwa ụlọ ónyé na-ese ihe biri na ya rụo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri anọ. Ọ kwagara na The Firs na Rondebosch na 1927 ma biri ebe ahụ ruo mgbè ọ nwụrụ. A na-etinye ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ ndị ahụ ka ọ na-ahazi ha ebe n'elu ụlọ ahụ nwèrè ụlọ ahịa nke ndị na-ese ihe na South Africa nke ógè a na-eji.

Ihe ngosi

Akwụkwọ 

 N'ụlọ na Irma Stern: Akwụkwọ nduzi maka UCT Irma Sern Museum, nke Helene Smuts dere  
 Akụ̀ ndị zoro ezo: Irma Stern Akwụkwọ ya, Akwụkwọ e sere ese na akwụkwọ mpịakọta, nke Irene dere n'okpuru  
 Irma Stern: A Feast for the Eye, nke Marion Arnold dere  
 Irma Stern na Racial Paradox nke South African Modern Art: Audacities of Color, nke LaNitra M. Berger dere  
 Irma Stern: The Early Years (1894 Xi-1933), nke Karel Schoeman dere  
 Paradise, the Journal and Letters (1917X1933) nke Irma Stern Edited with a Commentary, by Neville Dubow  
 Icheta Irma: Irma Stern: Memoir na akwụkwọ ozi.  ISBN 1-919930-27-2

Edensibia