Heidi
Heidi (/ˈhaɪdi /; German: ) bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ụmụaka nke onye edemede Switzerland Johanna Spyri bipụtara n'etiti 1880 na 1881, e bu ụzọ buga ya akụkụ abụọ dị ka Haidi: Her Years of Wandering and Learning (German) na Sheidis Lehr- und wanderjahre). Ọ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ banyere ihe ndị mere na ndụ nwa agbọghọ dị afọ ise n'aka nna ya ochie nọ na Swiss Alps. E dere ya dị ka akwụkwọ "maka ụmụaka na ndị hụrụ ụmụ n'anya" (dịka e hotara site na ndepụta okwu).

Heidi bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ ndị a kacha ere nke edere na so na akwụkwọ ndị Switzerland kacha mara amara

Nkata 

N'obodo Dörfli ('obere obodo' na Switzerland German), ụmụnne abụọ bi. Onye nke okenye mefuru akụ na ụba ezinụlọ ya n'ịṅụ mmanya na ịgba chaa chaa, ebe nke nta gbapụrụ ịga jee ozi n'Òtù Ndị Agha Ịtali na Naples. Mgbe ya na nwa nwoke, bụ Tobias lọghachiri, ndị obodo ahụ na-achụpụ ya ma mepụta asịrị banyere ndụ ya na Naples. A bịara mara nwoke ahụ dị ka The Alm-Uncle, ebe ọ na-ebi na nzuzo na ugwu Alm. Ụmụ agbọghọ ime obodo abụọ, Dete na Adelheid, mere enyi Tobias. Mgbe ha tolitere, Dete na-arụ ọrụ n'ime obodo Maienfeld￼￼, na Grisons, dị ka onye odibo họtel. Adelheid na Tobias lụrụ di ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka ọkwá nkà. Ha nwere nwa nwanyị, aha ya bụ Adelheid mana a na-akpọkarị Heidi. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe Tobias nwụrụ n'ihe mberede ọrụ ma Adelheid nwụọ site na nkụda mmụọ. Alm-Uncle na-ejide nke a megide Chineke. 

Heidi bụ nne nne ya na Dete na Maienfeld zụlitere na mbụ. N’oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nne nne ya nwụsịrị, a na-enye Dete ezigbo ọrụ dị ka odibo na nnukwu obodo, wee kpọrọ Heidi dị afọ 5 gaa n’ụlọ nna nna ya, n’elu ugwu si Dörfli. Ya na ndị obodo ahụ na-ese okwu ma na-akpasu Chineke iwe kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ ma na-ebi na nzuzo na Alm, nke mere ka a kpọọ ya 'The Alm-Uncle'. Ọ na-ewe iwe n'ọbịbịa Heidi nkenke, mana ọgụgụ isi pụtara ìhè nke nwa agbọghọ ahụ na ọ joyụ ma ọ naghị emetụta ya n'oge na-adịghị anya ga-enweta ezi ịhụnanya, ma ọ bụrụ na edobere ya. Heidi ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi mee ndị agbata obi ọhụrụ ya, Peter the goatheroz na-eto eto, nne ya Brigitte, na Nne nna mbụ kpuru ìsì. Ka oge ọ bụla na-agafe, ndị bi n'elu ugwu ahụ, ọkachasị Peter na nne ya ochie, nwere mmasị karịa Heidi, ma ha. Otú ọ dị, nna ochie ahụ jụrụ ikwe ka Heidi gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ, ma soro onye ụkọchukwu na nkụzi obodo nwee esemokwu, ndị gbalịrị ịgba ya ume ime otú a, n'ihi nke mere e ji bụrụkwa ihe maghị.

Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, Dete laghachiri ịkpọ Heidi gaa Frankfurt ka ọ bụrụ enyi nwanyị e goro ego nye otu nwa agbọghọ bara ọgaranya aha ya bụ Klara Sesemann, onye na-enweghị ike ịga ije ma were ya dị ka onye na-adịghị mma. Ọ masịrị Klara mma site n'ịdị mfe enyi Heidi na nkọwa ya banyere ndụ na Alm, ọ na-atọkwa ya ụtọ n'ihe ọjọọ niile na-atọ ọchị nke amamihe Heidi na enweghị ahụmịhe na ndụ obodo wetara. Otú ọ dị, onye na-elekọta ụlọ nke Sesemanns, Fräulein Rottenmeier, na-ele ọgba aghara ezinụlọ anya dị ka omume ọjọọ na-adịghị mma, ma na-etinye Heidi nwere onwe ya n'okpuru ọtụtụ njide, machibido ya ikwu banyere Alps ma ọ bụ ịkwa ákwá maka ụlọ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, Heidi na-agụsi Alm ike nke ukwuu, ma na-eto eto nke ukwuu na-acha uhie uhie ma dị gịrịgịrị. Otu ihe ntụgharị ya bụ ịmụta ịgụ na ide site na iji nchịkọta akụkọ nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ, nke nne nne Klara bụ Frau Sesemann kpaliri, onye gosipụtara ntụkwasị obi na ịhụnanya ya, ma na-agba ya ume ikwere na Chineke na ikpe ekpere. E mesịa Frau Sesemann nyere Heidi akwụkwọ ahụ.ahụ.

jiri ịnụ ọkụ n'obi tụọ aro ka Klara leta Heidi, na-enwe obi ike na gburugburu ugwu na ezigbo mkpakọrịta ga-abara ya uru. Klara na-eme njem ahụ n'oge ọzọ wee soro Heidi na-anọkọ n'oge okpomọkụ mara mma, na-esiwanye ike na mmiri ara ewu na ikuku ugwu ọhụrụ. Ma Pita, bụ́ onye na-ekwo ekworo maka ọbụbụenyi Heidi na Klara, na-akwanye oche nkwagharị ya nke na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla gbadaa n'ugwu ahụ ka o bibie ya, n'agbanyeghị na n'oge na-adịghị anya obi amamikpe na-ama ya ikpe maka ihe o mere wee kwupụta ya. Na-enweghị oche nkwagharị ya, Klara enweghị nhọrọ ọ bụla ma ọ bụghị ịmụta ịga ije; ọ na-agbalị ime otú ahụ ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eme nke ọma. Ọ naghị esi ike nke ukwuu, na-adaberekarị na Heidi ma ọ bụ nna nna ka ọ guzoro ọtọ ma ghara ịdaba, mana ọ na-egosi njedebe oge ya dị ka onye owu na-ama na onye na-adịghị mma. Ọ tụrụ nne nne ya na nna ya n'anya ma nwee ọṅụ ịhụ Klara ka ọ na-ejegharị ọzọ. Ezinụlọ Sesemann kwere nkwa inye Heidi nlekọta na-adịgide adịgide, ma ọ bụrụ na oge abịa mgbe nna nna ya enweghịzi ike ime ya.

Ihe odide 

 Heidi: Nwa agbọghọ na-aṅụrị ọṅụ ma nweere onwe ya nke ghọrọ nwa mgbei dị ka nwata. Na mbido akụkọ ahụ, ọ dị afọ ise. Heidi hụrụ nna ya n'anya na ịma mma na ikuku dị ọcha nke Ugwu. Naanị Fräulein Rottenmeier na-akpọ ya aha "Adelheid", n'ime nsụgharị ụfọdụ "Adelaide".Nn
 Nna nna: Nna nna Heidi, onye naanị ya na-akpa ike bi n'otu ọnụ ụlọ dị n'elu ugwu. Site na ndị ọzọ karịa Heidi kpọrọ na ntụgharị ụfọdụ "Uncle Alp".

 a nna: Nne nne Heidi, onye na-anọ naanị ya nke bi n'otu ụlọ dị elu karịa ugwu. Site n'aka ndị ọzọ karịa Heidi na-akpọ ụfọdụ nsụgharị "Uncle Alp".
 Adelheid: Nne Heidi. Ọ nwụrụ site na ahụ ọkụ n'oge na-adịghị anya di ya Tobias nwụsịrị. A na-asụ "Adelaide" n'ime nsụgharị ụfọdụ.
 Tobias: Nna Heidi bụ onye e gburu site n'osisi dara mgbe Haidi dị obere.
 Dete: Nwanne nne Heidi nke na-achọ naanị ọdịmma onwe ya ma bụrụ onye enweghị mmetụta, nwanne nwanyị Nne Heidi. Heidi sooro ya biri mgbe nne na nna ya nwụsịrị. Dete nwere njikọ na nna ochie (ya na nne nwanne ya nwanyị Adelheid bụ ụmụnne nwoke). A na-asụ "Deta" ma ọ bụ "Detie" n'ime nsụgharị ụfọdụ.
 Peter: Onye na-azụ ewu nke ya na nne ochie bi n'otu ụlọ elu dị n'ugwu ahụ bụ ihe e ji mara obodo Dörfli nakwa ebe nna Heidi biri. Ọ dị afọ iri na otu ná mmalite akụkọ ahụ.
 Brigitte: Nne Peter. A na-asụ "Brigitta" ma ọ bụ "Mgbapụta" n'ime nsụgharị ụfọdụ.
 Grannie: Nne nne Peter kpuru ìsì. Heidi na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya n'ebe ọ nọ.
 Klara Sesemann: Nwa agbọghọ na-adịghị ike nke enweghị ike ịga ije. Nne ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị obere. Nna ya na-apụkarị njem azụmahịa. Ọ bi n'otu nnukwu ezinụlọ ya na ndị ọrụ nọ na Frankfurt ma dị afọ iri na abụọ mgbe Heidi nke gbara afọ asatọ bịara soro ya biri. A na-asụ "Clara" n'ime nsụgharị ụfọdụ.
 Herr Sesemann: Nna Klara, onye ọchụnta ego na-aga nke ọma nke na-eme njem mgbe niile. Na nsụgharị ụfọdụ "Mr Sesemann".
 Frau Sesemann: Site na Klara na Heidi kpọrọ "Grandmamma". Nne Herr Sesemann na nne ochie Klara. Ọ bụ nwanyị nwere obiọma ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịgba Heidi ume ịmụta ịgụ akwụkwọ. Na nsụgharị ụfọdụ "Mrs Sesemann".
 Dọkịta Classen: Enyi nke Herr Sesemann.
 Fräulein Rottenmeier: Onye na-elekọta ụlọ siri ike ma dị mpako n'ụlọ Herr Sesemann nke na-emegide Heidi. Na nsụgharị ụfọdụ "Miss Rottenmeier".
 Sebastian: Onye na-eje ozi n'ezinụlọ Sesemann.
 Tinette: Nwata na-eje ozi n'ezinụlọ Sesemann.

Nsụgharị 
Bekee: A sụgharịrị nsụgharị iri na atọ n'etiti 1882 na 1959, site n'aka ndị ntụgharị Britain, Helen B. Dole, H.A. Melcon, Helene S. White, Marian Edwardes, Elisabeth P. Stork, Mabel Abbott, Philip Schuyler Allen, Shirley Watkins, M. Rosenbaum, Eileen Hall, na Joy Law. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2010, naanị nsụgharị Brooks, Edwardes na Hall ka dị.

Mgbanwe

Ihe nkiri na telivishọn 
E meela ihe nkiri iri abụọ na ise ma ọ bụ telivishọn nke akụkọ mbụ ahụ. Ihe nkiri Heidi na-ewu ewu n'ebe dị iche iche, bụrụ nnukwu ihe egwu, usoro animated nke Japan ghọkwara akara ngosi n'ọtụtụ mba gburugburu ụwa. Nanị ihe nkiri telivishọn na-eme emepụta nke ndị Japan iji ruo n'asụsụ Bekee bụ fim a kpọrọ ogologo oge site na ịhazi usoro kachasị mkpa, wepụtara na vidiyo na United States na 1985. Ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ mbụ ahụ kọwara Heidi dị ka onye nwere ntutu isi ojii, nke siri ike, a na-egosikarị ya dịka ọbara.

Ụdị akụkọ ahụ gụnyere:

 <i id="mwYQ">Heidi</i>, ihe nkiri na-agagharị agafe nke 1937 nke Shirley Temple gosipụtara n'ọrụ aha.
 Heidi, ihe nkiri nke 1952 na Swiss German na Germany, nke Luigi Comencini duziri, ya bụ Elsbeth Sigmund (nke e mere n'ebe dị iche na Switzerland), ma soro ọzọ mee ihe mosusu, Heidi and Peter, na 1955, nke Franz Schnyder duziri.
 Do Phool, a 1958 Indian Hindi-language family drama film adaptation by A. R. Kardar, starring Baby Naaz in the role of Poornima (Heidi).
 Heidi, usoro ihe nkiri BBC TV nke nwere akụkụ isii na 1959 ebe Sara O'Connor nọ n'ọkwa ahụ, ya na Mark Dignam dị ka nna nne ya na Lesley Judd bụ Klara.
 <i id="mweA">Heidi</i>, ihe nkiri Austrian nke 1965, nke Werner Jacobs duziri.
 <i id="mwfA">Heidi</i>, ihe nkiri telivishọn nke 1968 nke Jennifer Edwards na Maximilian Schell na Michael Redgrave gosipụtara. Nke a bụ mbipụta nke ghọrọ ihe ọjọọ maka ịkwụsị egwuregwu bọọlụ America nke e gbasaa n'otu ụbọchị ahụ (Nọvemba 17) na NBC. Egwuregwu dị n'etiti Oakland Raiders na New York Jets ka e wepụrụ nkeji ole na ole tupu njedebe nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe o yiri ka ọ ga-abụrịta ndị jets meriri. Otú ọ dị, mgbe nkwụsị ahụ gasịrị, ndị Raiders laghachiri ma merie Jets na-ekiri TV n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke ebe a gafere mmechi. Ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn gosipụtara akara ikpeazụ (Oakland na-emeri 43ʹ32) n'oge ihe nkiri ahụ, nke mere ka ndị egwuregwu bọọlụ kpụ ọkụ. Ihe omume a dugara na iwu nke ịghara ịkwụsị mgbasa ozi egwuregwu bọọlụ ruo mgbe ha mechara. Egwuregwu ahụ agbadatawo na akụkọ bọọlụ ọkachamara dị ka "The Heidi Game" ma ọ bụ "Headi Bowl".
 Heidi, Girl of the Alps, usoro ihe nkiri anime nke Japan na 1974 nke Isao Takahata duziri maka Zuiyo Eizo (mgbe e mesịrị, Nippon Animation), aha ya bụ n'asụsụ dị iche iche. A chịkọtara ya n'ime ihe nkiri Bekee akpọrọ The Story of Heidi .
 Heidi, usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Switzerland / Germany nke dị na 1978, Katia Polletin bụ onye isi ya, nke a kpọrọ n'asụsụ dị iche iche, gụnyere Bekee.
 The New Adventures of Heidi (1978), nke Ralph Senensky duziri.
 Heidi's Song (1982), ihe nkiri egwu America nke Hanna-Barbera mepụtara.
 Courage Mountain, ihe nkiri America nke 1990 ma na-eje ozi dị ka onye sochiri akwụkwọ akụkọ Johanna Spyri bụ Heidi, nke Christopher Leitch duziri.
 Heidi, ihe nkiri telivishọn America nke nwere akụkụ abụọ site na 1993, Noley Thornton dị ka Heidi. Ndị so na ya gụnyere Jane Seymour dị ka Miss Rottenmeier, Jason Robards dịka Grandfather na Lexi Randall bụ Klara.
 <i id="mwpg">Heidi</i>, ihe nkiri animated nke afọ 1995.
 <i id="mwqQ">Heidi</i>, ihe nkiri animated nke afọ 2005.
 <i id="mwrA">Heidi</i>, ihe nkiri na-eme n'afọ 2005 nke Paul Marcus duziri, onye Irish bụ nwa amaala Emma Bolger so mee ya.
 Heidi, usoro telivishọn Switzerland-French-Spanishi na Czech nke afọ 2007 mere n'oge a. Elodie Bollée dị ka onye nọ ná iri na ụma bụ Sheidi .
 Heidi 4 Paws, ihe na-atọ ọchị nke 2008 gosipụtara nkịta ndị nwere olu Angela Lansbury.
 Heidi, CGI remake nke 1974 anime usoro mepụtara na 2015, mere site Studio 100 Animation, otu ndị ahụ rụrụ Maya the Bee.
 Heidi, ihe nkiri na-eme eme nke Switzerland n'afọ 2015 nke Alain Gsponer duziri.
 Heidi, bienvenida a casa, a 2017 telenovela from Argentina.

Ihe nkiri 
Egwú Heidi nke Francois Toerien, egwu Mynie Grové na okwu ndị ọzọ Esther von Waltsleben gosipụtara na South Africa na Klein Karoo National Arts Festival n'afọ 2016. N'ịbụ nke Toerien duziri na nduzi egwu site n'aka Dawid Boverhoff, mmepụta ahụ gosipụtara Tobie Cronjé (Rottenmeier), David Minnaar (Sesemann), Albert Maritz (Nna Ukwu), Ilse Klink (Nwanne nwanyị Dete) Karli Heine (Heidi), Lynelle Kenned (Klara), Dean Balie (Peter), Jill Middlekop na Marlo Minnair. Ọ bụ Hansie Visagie mepụtara ụmụ bebi maka mmepụta ahụ.

A na-eme ihe nkiri egwu nke Heidi of the Mountain (egwú na okwu Claude Watt, akwụkwọ Claude na Margaret Watt) na Sidney, BC, Canada site n'aka Ugwu Dream Productions, gosipụtara ya na 2007 na Charlie White Theatre, ma mee ọzọ ọtụtụ ugboro kemgbe ahụ. Ihe nkiri 2007 bụ Claude Watt (Nna nna), Margaret Watt (Rottenmeier), Rianne Craig (Heidi) na Katrina Brindle (Klara).

Egwuregwu kọmputa 
E weputara egwuregwu kọmputa Heidi abụọ maka ngwaọrụ mkpanaka, nke kachasị ọhụrụ bụ Heidi: Mountain Adventures. Egwuregwu abụọ ahụ dabere na usoro TV Studio 100 nke 2015 ma bụrụ maka ụmụaka, yana ihe mmụta na ọtụtụ obere egwuregwu.

Heidiland 

Heidiland, nke akpọrọ aha akwụkwọ Sheidi, bụ ebe njem nleta dị mkpa na Switzerland, ọkachasị ndị Japan na Korea. Maienfeld bụ etiti nke a na-akpọ Heidiland; otu n'ime obodo nta, nke a na-akpọbu Oberrofels, ka akpọrọ "Heididorf" aha. Heidiland dị n'ógbè a na-akpọ Bündner Herrschaft; A katọrọ ya dịka "ihe ọchị, ihe eji eme ụmụaka" na "Ihe atụ doro anya nke hyperreality".

Ihe Ndị Na-eso ya

Akwụkwọ 
N'agbata afọ 1933 na 1955, ụlọ ọrụ France Flammarion bipụtara mbipụta ọhụrụ nke Heidi tinyere usoro ihe omume mbụ. N'agbanyeghị na e bipụtara ha niile n'okpuru aha Johanna Spyri, akwụkwọ ndị a edeghị ma ọ bụ kwado ya site na onye nsụgharị French ya, Charles Tritten si ọrụ ya ọzọ mee ihe na 1930s na 1940s, ọtụtụ afọ mgbe o nwụsịrị, ebe nke ikpeazụ ka Nathalie Gala kwuru. Usoro a nwere ngụkọta nke akwụkwọ 7, 2 sụgharịrị site na ọrụ Spyris na 5 mbụ. Naanị abụọ n'ime ha ka e bipụtara na Bekee.

 Heidi Akụkọ magburu onwe ya banyere nwa agbọghọ si n'ugwu (1933), nsụgharị nke mpịakọta Heidi mbụ (Heidis Lehr- und Wanderjahre).
 Heidi grandit (1934), ntụgharị nke mpịakọta abụọ ya (Heidi kann тарма, bụ es gelernt hat) na mgbakwunye nke njedebe mbụ site n'aka Charles Tritten, nke mara ọkwa njem ndị ọzọ heidi.
 Heidi Grows Up (Headi jeune fille, 1936) nke Charles Tritten. Ọ na-agbaso afọ iri na ụma Heidi.
 Au pays de Heidi (1938) nke Charles Tritten. Echiche nke obodo Heidi dị ka ụfọdụ ndị bi na ya hụrụ.
 Heidi's Children (Heidi et ses enfants, 1939) nke Charles Tritten. Banyere ntolite Heidi na Peter na ụmụ ha.
 Heidi grandzner (1941) nke Charles Tritten dere. Banyere afọ ndị ikpeazụ Heidi na ụmụ ya.
 Le sourire de Heidi (1955) nke Nathalie Gala. Akụkọ ọhụrụ mere ọzọ n'oge Heidi bụ nwata.

E nwere ụfọdụ nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti Heidi mbụ na Tritten. Ndị a gụnyere;

 Heidi, akụkọ mbụ nke Spyri dere, na-egosi ndụ dị mfe nke Heidi jupụtara n'ịhụnanya miri emi maka ụmụaka. Spyri kwuru na ọrụ ahụ bụ "maka ụmụaka na ndị hụrụ ụmụ n'anya". Ihe ndị ọzọ na-egosi Heidi n'ụzọ dị iche, ka ọ na-etolite ma lụọ di.
 A kọwara Heidi n'akwụkwọ mbụ, Heidi, dị ka onye nwere "ntutu isi ojii", mgbe ọ nọ ihe dịka afọ ise ruo asatọ. Na Heidi Grows Up, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, ntutu isi ya ogologo, kwụ ọtọ ma mara mma.
 Na ụfọdụ mbipụta Bekee nke Heidi, a na-asụgharị aha ewu ahụ n'asụsụ bọọlụ (Little Swan and Little Bear), ebe nsụgharị ndị ọzọ jiri aha Swiss-German mbụ ha mee ihe, Schwanli na Baerli. Na Heidi Grows Up, ọ bụ naanị aha Schwanli na Baerli ka a maara.

Ihe nkiri 
N'afọ 1990, ndị na-ede ihe nkiri Weaver Webb na Fred & Mark Brogger, na onye nduzi Christopher Leitch, mepụtara Courage Mountain, nke Charlie Sheen na Juliette Caton gosipụtara dị ka Heidi. A na-akpọ ya ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka akụkọ Spyri, ọ bụ anachronistic n'ihi na o gosipụtara Heidi dịka onye nọ n'afọ iri na ụma n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu nke a kpọrọ akwụkwọ mbụ (ebe Hadi gbara naanị afọ ise) e bipụtara na 1881.

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2010, onye ọkà mmụta Switzerland aha ya bụ Peter Otto Büttner, kpughere akwụkwọ nke odeakwụkwọ German de:Hermann Adam von Kamp dere na 1830. Akụkọ 1830 akpọrọ "Adelaide: The Girl from the Alps" (German) Akụkọ abụọ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ihe yiri ya na akụkọ ifo. Onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ Spyri de:Regine Schindler kwuru na ọ gafere omume kpamkpam ka Spyri maara banyere isiokwu ahụ mgbe o tolitere n'ezinụlọ nwere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ.

Nnakwere 

A katọrọ akwụkwọ ahụ, ọbụlagodi n'oge ya, maka ọnọdụ okpukpe ọ na-agbaso omenala, ma mesịa bụrụ ihe ngosi ojii na ọcha nke ndị isi awọ.

Na Japan, kemgbe nsụgharị Japanese mbụ ya na 1906, akwụkwọ ahụ enweela mmetụta n'ozuzu nke Switzerland maka ndịJapanese, ọkachasị ndị njem nleta ya, ọtụtụ mmadụ gara ogige Heidi.

Hụkwa 
 

 2521 Heidi (otu asteroid aha ya bụ Heidi)
 Ndị Alpine na omenala
 Alpine transhumance (omume ọdịnala nke ịkwaga ìgwè atụrụ na-ata ahịhịa n'etiti ndagwurugwu oge oyi na ebe a ga-azụ anụ ọhịa)
 Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Alps
 Akụkọ ọdịnala nke Switzerland

Ihe odide

Njikọ mpụga 

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