Ọrụ mpụga
Ọrụ Exner bụ ihe dị mkpa na modeling ikuku. Enwèrè ike ile ọrụ Exner ányà dị ka nrụgide na-abụghị nke dimension ma enwèrè ike ịkọwa ya dị ka:

 

ébé bụ nrụgide elu elu, nkè a na-ewere dị ka 1000 hPa; bụ gas na-adịgide adịgide màkà ikuku kpọrọ nkụ; bụ ikike okpomọkụ nke ikuku kpọrọ nkwụ na nrụgide na-adịkarị; bụ okpomọkụ zuru oke; ọ bụkwa okpomọkụ nwere ike.

Edensibia 

 Pielke, Roger A. Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling. Orlando: Academic Press, Inc., 1984.
 Ngalaba Azụmaahịa US, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service. National Weather Service Handbook No. 1 - Facsimile Products. Washington, DC: Ngalaba Azụmaahịa, 1979.

Hụkwa 

 Usoro barometric
 Ihe nlereanya ihu igwe
 Nhazi Euler
 Mgbanwe nke mmiri
 Ụdị mgbasa ozi n'ozuzu
 Nkọwa ihu igwe
 Usoro nhazi mbụ