Edith Sitwell
Dame Edith Louisa Sitwell DBE (7 Septemba 1887 - 9 Disemba 1964) bụ onye Britain na-ede uri na onye nkatọ na onye okenye n'ime ndị edemede Sitwells atọ. Ọ meghachiri omume ọjọọ n'ebe nne na nna ya na-enweghị mmasị nọ, ndị na-enweghị ịhụnanya nọ ma soro onye na-elekọta ya biri ọtụtụ oge ndụ ya. Ọ lụbeghị di ma ọ bụ nwunye ma ọ bịara nwee mmasị na onye na-ese ihe na Russia bụ Pavel Chelitchew ụlọ ya na-emeghe mgbe niile maka ndị na-ede uri na London, bụ ndị ọ na-emesapụ aka ma na-enyere aka.

Sitwell bipụtara uri n'akwụsịghị akwụsị site na 1913, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ ndị na-enweghị atụ ma tinye ya na egwu. Site n'ụdị ya dị egwu na ejiji ya dị iche iche, a na-akpọ ya mgbe ụfọdụ onye na-ese onyinyo, mana a na-eto ọrụ ya maka usoro siri ike ya na ọrụ aka ya. Ọ bụ onye natara Benson Medal nke Royal Society of Literature.

Oge ọ malitere 
 
A mụrụ Edith Louisa Sitwell na Scarborough, North Riding nke Yorkshire, nwa mbụ na naanị nwa nwanyị nke Sir George Sitwell, 4th Baronet, nke Renishaw Hall; ọ bụ ọkachamara na usoro ọmụmụ na ịma mma. Nne ya bụ Lady Ida Emily Augusta (née Denison), nwa nwanyị nke William Denison, 1st Earl of Londesborough na nwa nwa Henry Somerset, 7th Duke of Beaufort site na onye o sitere na Plantagenets n'usoro ụmụ nwanyị.

Sitwell nwere ụmụnne nwoke abụọ, Osbert (1892-1969) na Sacheverell (1897-1988), ha abụọ bụ ndị edemede a ma ama, ndị edemede ama ama n'onwe ha, na ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ogologo oge. Ọ kọwara oge ọ bụ nwata dị ka "enweghị obi ụtọ" ma kwuo na nne ya nwere "oké iwe" mgbe ọ na-adịghị ahụ nna ya. Mmekọrịta ya na ndị mụrụ ya nwere nsogbu, ọ bụghị n'ihi na nna ya mere ka ọ "ọgwụgwọ" maka nkwarụ ọkpụkpụ azụ ya, nke gụnyere ịkpọchi ya n'ime ogwe ígwè. O dere n'akụkọ ndụ ya na ndị mụrụ ya bụ ndị ọ na-amaghị mgbe niile.

Ndụ ndị okenye 

N'afọ 1914, Sitwell dị afọ iri abụọ na isii kwagara n'otu obere ụlọ dị na Pembridge Mansions, Bayswater, nke ya na Helen Rootham (1875-1938), onye na-elekọta ya kemgbe 1903.

Sitwell alụghị di ma ọlị, mana o yiri ka ọ hụrụ ọtụtụ ndị ikom na-adịghị ahụ anya n'anya n'oge ndụ ya. N'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1914, ọ zụlitere mmasị n'ebe onye na-ese ihe na onye na-akụ ọkpọ nke Chile bụ Álvaro de Guevara nọ, onye onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ ya bụ Richard Greene kọwara dị ka "onye omempụ". Onye na-eme ihe ike, onye na-adịghị akwụsi ike na onye opium riri ahụ, Guevara mechara soro onye na-ede uri na onye na-eme mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya bụ Nancy Cunard, onye Sitwell mechara "fụghị ohere ikwu okwu ọjọọ banyere ya".

Mgbe ha zutere onye na-ede uri Siegfried Sassoon na 1918, ha abụọ ghọrọ ezigbo ndị enyi. Sassoon, onye na-edina nwoke ibe ya, nwere nchegbu miri emi maka Sitwell, mana Greene na-ekwusi ike na ọ hụrụ ya n'anya, na-enwere onye ọ hụrụ n'anya Stephen Tennant anyaụfụ na ngwụcha afọ 1920. A na-ahụkarị Sassoon na Sitwell na ibe ha, na-eduga enyi na onye nduzi Sassoon, onye nkatọ Edmund Gosse, na-atụ aro ka ha lụọ. Dị ka onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ Sassoon, Max Egremont, si kwuo, Sassoon zaghachiri ngwa ngwa: "Echeghị m na ndị na-ede uri kwesịrị ịlụ ibe ha. "N'ime afọ 1920 na '30s, Sitwell dabere na Sassoon maka nkatọ nke ọrụ ya, ma na nzuzo ma n'ihu ọha. N'afọ 1922, o dere nyocha dị egwu nke Façade na Daily Herald nke akpọrọ "Too Fantastic for Fat-Heads", ebe o jiri Sitwell tụnyere onye na-ese ihe Aubrey Beardsley ma kwuo, sị: "Aubrey Beardley emeriela ndị isi niile nke oge ya. Miss Sitwell ga-eme otu ihe ahụ. "N'ide ya na 1933, Sitwell gwara ya: "ị bụ naanị onye mere ihe ọ bụla maka uri m".

N'afọ 1927, Sitwell hụrụ onye Russia na-ese ihe na-eme nwoke ibe ya bụ Pavel Chelitchew n'anya. Ha zụlitere ezigbo ọbụbụenyi, na Sitwell na-enyere ya aka mgbe niile n'ụzọ ego na mgbasa ozi ọrụ ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-ewute ya mgbe mgbe n'ihi iwe ya a na-amaghị ama na enweghị ekele maka mbọ ọ na-agba maka ya, Greene na-atụkwa aro na Tchelitchew "na-eji atụmanya ya" nke ịhụnanya mgbe ọ chọrọ ihe n'aka ya, na-adịwanye anya mgbe ọ nwetara ihe ọ chọrọ. Ka o sina dị, mmekọrịta ahụ dịgidere ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ afọ 30 ka e mesịrị. N'afọ 1928, a wara Helen Rootham ahụ maka ọrịa kansa; o mechara bụrụ onye nwere nkwarụ. N'afọ 1932, Rootham na Sitwell kwagara Paris, ebe ha na nwanne nwanyị Rootham nke obere, Evelyn Wiel biri.

N'afọ 1930, Sitwell bipụtara nyocha nke onye na-ede uri Alexander Popu ebe ọ rụrụ ụka maka ịdị ukwuu Pope ma kọwaa ya dị ka onye bu ụzọ nke Romanticism. George Orwell, na-enyocha akwụkwọ ahụ na New Adelphi, kwuru na Sitwell lekwasịrị anya na "ọdịdị" nke ọrụ Pope, nke o kwuru na ọ dọpụrụ uche ya n'echiche ya mgbe ụfọdụ, mana o toro "nkwado obi ụtọ ya nke onye na-ede uri megide ndị niile na-akatọ ya".

Nne Sitwell nwụrụ na 1937. Sitwell agụghị olili ozu n'ihi enweghị obi ụtọ ya na nne na nna ya n'oge ọ bụ nwata. Helen Rootham nwụrụ n'afọ 1938 n'ihi Ọrịa kansa ọkpụkpụ azụ. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, Sitwell si France lọta wee laa ezumike nká na Renishaw na nwanne ya nwoke Osbert na onye ọ hụrụ n'anya, David Horner. O dere n'okpuru ọkụ ọkụ mmanụ n'ihi na ụlọ ahụ enweghị ọkụ eletrik. Ọ na-akpa uwe maka ndị enyi ha jere ozi na ndị agha. Otu n'ime ndị ritere uru bụ Alec Guinness, onye natara sọks abụọ.

Abụ ndị o dere n'oge agha ahụ mere ka ọ laghachi n'ihu ọha. Ha gụnyere Street Songs (1942), The Song of the Cold (1945), na The Shadow of Cain (1947), nke a na-eto nke ukwuu. "Still Falls the Rain", banyere London Blitz, ka bụ ma eleghị anya uri ya a ma ama; Benjamin Britten setịpụrụ ya na egwu dị ka Canticle III: Still Falls the Rain. Priaulx Rainier setịpụrụ uri ya The Bee-Keeper, dị ka The Bee Oracles (1970), ọnọdụ maka tenor, flute, oboe, violin, cello, na harpsichord. Ọ bụ Peter Pears gosipụtara ya na 1970. Abụ sitere na The Canticle of the Rose bụ nke onye na-ede egwu Joseph Phibbs debere n'usoro abụ maka soprano dị elu na quartet eriri nke emere na 2005.

Ihe odide

Ịgụ ihe ọzọ 

 R. Greene, Edith Sitwell: Avant-Garde Poet, English Genius (2011) 
 R. Greene (ed.), Selected Letters of Edith Sitwell (1997) 
 S. Bradford [na ndị ọzọ], The Sitwells and the Arts of the 1920s na 1930s [ihe ngosi, National Portrait Gallery, London] (1994) 
 Geoffrey Elborn, Edith Sitwell, A Life (1981) 
 Victoria Glendinning, Edith Sitwell, A Unicorn Among Lions (1981) 
 John Malcolm Brinnin, "The Sitwells in Situ", na Sextet: T. S. Eliot, Truman Capote and Others (1981) 
 John Pearson, Facades, Edith, Osbert na Sacheverell Sitwell (1978) 
 R. Fifoot, A Bibliography of Edith, Osbert and Sacheverell Sitwell (1971) 
 James D. Brophy, Edith Sitwell: The Symbolist Order (1968) 
 J. Lehmann, A Nest of Tigers, Edith, Osbert na Sacheverell Sitwell na Times ha (1968) 
 E. Salter, The Last Years of a Rebel, A Memoir of Edith Sitwell (1967) 
 Desmond Seward, Renishaw Hall: Akụkọ nke Sitwells (2015) 
 E. Sitwell, Taken Care Of (1965) 
 O. Sitwell, Ịchị N'Ụlọ Na-esote (1949) 
 [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
 O. Sitwell, Aka ekpe Aka nri (1945)

Njikọ mpụga 

 A na-edebe akwụkwọ Dame Edith Sitwell na Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections, York University Libraries, Toronto, Ontario
 Nchịkọta Dame Edith Sitwell na Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center
 Nchịkọta Edith Sitwell na John J. Burns Library, Boston CollegeKọleji Boston
 Akụkọ ndụ dị mkpirikpi na CatholicAuthors
 Sitwell na Lied and Art Songs Text Page
  
 Akwụkwọ ozi e zigara Walter Greenwood na Mahadum Salford
 Wheels: An Anthology of Verse (1916-1921), nke Sitwell dezigharịrị, na The Modernist Journals ProjectỌrụ Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Oge A
 BBC Face to Face ajụjụ ọnụ na Dame Edith Sitwell na John Freeman, 6 Mee 1959
 Ịchọta enyemaka maka akwụkwọ ozi na ihe odide ezinụlọ Sitwell na Mahadum Columbia. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.
 Peeji Poetry Archive na Sitwell
Pages with unreviewed translations