Tephigram
Tephigram bụ otu n'ime eserese thermodynamic anọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na nyocha ihu igwe na amụma. Aha ahụ sitere na aha mbụ "T--gram" iji kọwaa axes nke okpomọkụ (T) na entropy () eji mepụta atụmatụ ahụ. Dị ka ọ na-adịkarị, a na-edepụta data okpomọkụ na igirigi site na radiosondes na eserese ndị a iji nyé ohere ngụkọta nkè nkwụsi ike convective ma ọ bụ convective available potential energy (CAPE). A na-ejikarị ụdọ ifufe eme ihe n'akụkụ tephigram iji gosipụta ifufe na ịdị elu dị íchè íchè.

Nkọwa 
Ọ bụ Napier Shaw mepụtara tephigram n'afọ 1915 ma jiri ya mee ihe na United Kingdom na Canada. Mba ndị ọzọ na-eji ihe osise thermodynamic yiri ya màkà otu ebumnuche mànà nkọwa nke owuwu ha dịgasị iche. Na tephigram, isotherms kwụ ọtọ ma nwee degree iri anọ na ise inclination n'aka nri ébé isobars dị larịị ma nwee obere curve. Adiabats ndị kpọrọ nkụ na-adịkwa n'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ ma nwee ogo irí anọ na ise n'aka ekpe ébé adiabats ndị na-ekpo ọkụ na-agbagọ.

Isi ihe méré British Met Office, Meteorological Service of Canada, na Met Éireann (Irish Meteorological Services) ji tephigrams mee ihe bụ ihe onwunwe na mpaghara ndị dị na curves nwèrè ike hà nhata màkà mpaghara hà nhata, na-eduga na ntụnyere ka mma nke CAPE na ya mèrè usoro convective.

Hụkwa 

 Ihe osise nke thermodynamic
 Skew-T log-P eserese, ọdịiche nke Emagram
 Ihe osise Stüve

Edensibia

Akwụkwọ 

 M.H.P. Ambaum, Thermal Physics of the Atmosphere, nke Wiley-Blackwell bipụtara, Eprel 16, 2010, peeji 240.   ISBN 978-0-470-74515-1
 R.R. Rogers na M.K. Yau, Short Course in Cloud Physics, Third Edition, nke Butterworth-Heinemann bipụtara, Jenụwarị 1, 1989, peeji 304.  ISBN 9780750632157 ISBN 
 J.V. Iribarne na W.L. Godson, Atmospheric Thermodynamics, 2nd Edition, nke D. Reidel Publishing Company bipụtara, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 1981, peeji 278, ISBN ,

Njikọ mpụga 

 Ngalaba nke Meteorology, Mahadum nke Reading peeji banyere tephigrams gụnyere pdfs nke agba na-enweghị ihe na monochrome tephigram.