Patricia S. Cowings
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Patricia S. Cowings (amuru Disemba 15,  afo 1948) bu onye okachamara n'ime ikuku . Ọ bụ nwanyị America mbụ nke NASA zụrụ dịka onye na-enyocha mbara igwe;  n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ onye ọzọ maka ụgbọ elu mbara igwe na afo 1979, ọ garaghị mbara igwe.  A maara ya nke ọma maka ọmụmụ ihe ya na physiology nke ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe na mbara mbara igwe, yana inyere aka ịchọta ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa ngagharị nke ndị mbara igwe.

Ndụ mmalite na ezinụlọ 
A mụrụ ma zụlite Cowings na The Bronx, New York City na Disemba 15, afo 1948. Ọ bụ naanị nwa nwanyị Sadie B. na Albert S. Cowings. Sadie bụ osote onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara. Albert bụ onye nwe ụlọ ahịa ihe nri. O nwere ụmụnne nwoke atọ ọzọ bụ́ ndị gara n'ihu ịghọ ọchịagha kpakpando abụọ, onye na-agụ egwú jazz, na onye nta akụkọ nwere onwe ya. Ndị mụrụ ya kwusiri ike na agụmakwụkwọ dị ka "ụzọ isi na Bronx pụta."

Agụmakwụkwọ 
Patricia chọtara ịhụnanya ya maka sayensị mgbe ọ ka dị obere. Patricia tinyere aka na ịgba egwu na steepụ nke Africa wee gụchaa nzere bachelọ na nka nka na Mahadum steeti New York na Stony Brook na afo 1970.  Psychology na mgbe e mesịrị psychophysiology gosiri ya otú e si welie mmadụ ikike. 'Olee ubi dị mma karịa ịmụ anụmanụ nke kere ubi ndị ọzọ niile? Ụmụ mmadụ!' Enyemaka ịhụnanya a gara n'ihu site n'aka nwanne nne ya ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ, bụ onye ọ chere na ọ bụ mkpali miri emi n'ihi na ọ nwetala PhD na Mahadum California na Davis na afo 1973.  Ị nweta klas injinịa na ụlọ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ebe o so na-arụ ọrụ ụgbọ elu nyere aka malite ọchịchọ ya ịrụ ọrụ na ngalaba nke teknụzụ oghere.

Ọrụ 

O mere ọtụtụ nyocha ya na NASA Ames Research Center . N'ebe ahụ, ọ malitere ma chepụta usoro ọzụzụ ahụike nke a na-akpọ Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE), nke na-enyere ndị mmadụ aka ịmụta njide onwe onye nke afọ 24 nzaghachi anụ ahụ n'ime awa isii.  A nwalere ọrụ ya nke mbụ na afo 1985 maka (STS 51-b & STS 51c) Spacelab-3 na ọrụ ụgbọ ala DOD mbụ. Ọ nwalere usoro ọzụzụ AFTE ya na Space J-Lab Mission (ọrụ ụgbọ ala Japan mbụ), na-arụ ọrụ ya na-elekwasị anya n'ikpochapụ ọrịa ngagharị nke onye na-enyocha mbara igwe.   Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ zụrụ ndị cosmonauts anọ iji chịkwaa ma ọrịa ngagharị na ọbara mgbali elu ka ọnwa isii nọrọ na mbara igwe n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu MIR. Ọ nwetara ihe ịga nke ọma na usoro biofeedback ya wee gaa n'ihu na-akụziri ndị mmadụ otu esi achịkwa ọrịa ngagharị, melite arụmọrụ nke ndị na-anya ụgbọ elu na-achọ & nnapụta, na ibelata mgbaàmà nke ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa na-ata ahụhụ site na ọgbụgbọ, dizziness na nkụda mmụọ. O nyerela di ya, Dr. William B. Toscano aka ode akwụkwọ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ. Ha nwere nwa nwoke, Christopher Michael Cowings Toscano, onye so ha na-eme njem ka ha na-azụ ndị ọrụ mbara igwe.

Taa, ọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ya na-enyere aka igbochi ọrịa ngagharị maka ndị na-enyocha mbara igwe na mbara igwe, yana inye aka ịchịkwa ọrịa ngagharị maka ịlaghachi n'ụlọ ha.  Ọ bụ onye isi nyocha nke Psychophysiological Research Laboratories na NASA Ames Research Center ma nweekwa prọfesọ ọzọ na Psychiatry na UCLA yana ma ahụike na ahụike ahụike na mahadum ọrụ edo edo. (ARC).

Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu 

 Onyinye Candace, Njikọ Mba nke ụmụ nwanyị ojii 100 (1989) 
 NASA nwetara ihe nrite onye ọ bụla (1993)
 Onye injinia ojii nke onyinye afọ (1997) 
 AMES Honor Award maka mmepe teknụzụ (1999)
 NASA Space Act Award for Invention (2002)
 Nturu ugo nka umu nwanyi nke mba (2006) 
 Nrite NASA Space Act Board (2008) 
 Ames African American Advisory Group's (AAAG) Achievement Award (2010) 
 Celestial Torch Award sitere na National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE) na Los Angeles (2014)

Edensibia 

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