Osisi beech sitere n'okike
Example of a natural beech wood. The forest floor allows beech-seeds (mast) to take root and replenish the beech wood naturally.

Natural forests has trees from all stages of the life cycle, including dead and decaying trees.

Osisi beech sitere n'okike bụ osisi beech, nke nwere ike imeju ma kwado onwe ya n'onwe ya.

Beech bụ osisi bara uru, mana ọtụtụ osisi beech chọrọ ntinye aka mmadụ iji dochie osisi ochie, ebe ọ bụ na osisi ndị na-eto eto enweghị ike ịdị ndụ ma ọlị, ma ọ bụ na ọnụego nke na-akwado ọnụ ọgụgụ beech ka oge na-aga. Enwere ike inwe ihe dị iche iche kpatara ọnọdụ a. Oké ọhịa nke osisi ndị ọzọ n'oge opupu ihe ubi, na-ekpuchi obere osisi beech, bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị. Ọ ga-esikwa ike ijikwa ọtụtụ ala na-edozi ahụ maka osisi beech n'ikpeazụ.

Osisi beech sitere n'okike nwere osisi beech nke afọ niile, gụnyere osisi dara ada na nke nwụrụ anwụ. Ụdị osisi ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgwakọta, mana ọ bụghị ruo n'ókè nke na-eyi beech kachasị egwu.

A na-ejikwa okwu ahụ eme ihe maka ụdị osisi ndị ọzọ, dị ka 'osisi oak sitere n'okike', 'osisi birch sitere n' okike', wdg.

Oké ọhịa beech sitere n'okike 
Ihe atụ ụfọdụ nke oké ọhịa beech bụ:

 Cwm Clydach National Nature Reserve na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Wales.
 Oké ọhịa Marselisborg na Denmark.
 Serrahn Hills na North-east Germany.
 Ugwu nke Harz dị n'ebe ugwu Germany.
 Ogige Ntụrụndụ Hainich dị n'etiti Germany.
 Voděrady Beechwood na Czech Republic.
 Stužica na Slovakia, otu n'ime ọhịa beech ikpeazụ nke Europe.
 Carpathian Biosphere Reserve na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Ukraine.

Egwu 

Omume ọrụ ugbo nwere ike ịgbanwe ọdịdị ala mbụ nke ukwuu, nke na ụdị osisi okike a na-ejikọta ya na mpaghara ahụ, ga-agbanwekwa. Mgbanwe a fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe. Ọnọdụ a emetụtala ihe ka ukwuu na Europe ugbu a.

Mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mpaghara ma ọ bụ nke ụwa nwekwara ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ụdị ọhịa okike nwere ike itolite ma dịrị ndụ n'otu mpaghara.

European beech na-enwekarị mgbanwe ihu igwe karịa ọdịdị ala na mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ ugbu a na-emetụta nkesa ala nke ebe obibi osisi beech.

Nghọta na mgbagwoju anya 
A na-ejikarị okwu "Natural" eme ihe dị mgbagwoju anya dị ka otu okwu maka "Primeval". Ọ bụ ezie na ọhịa ndị mbụ ka dị, bụ n'ezie ihe okike. Ọhịa ndị sitere n'okike ekwesịghị ịbụ ndị mbụ n'onwe ha. Ọhịa nke abụọ ma ọ bụ nke e guzobere ọzọ nwekwara ike ịbụ ihe okike; ọ bụ naanị okwu nke ma ụdị ọhịa a nyere nwere ike ịkwado ma dochie onwe ya n'onwe ya - ya bụ, ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ihu igwe na nke ala maka ụdị ọhịa a enyere dị ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. Enwere ike ikpebi ọnọdụ ndị a n'ụzọ ziri ezi, ọ dịghịkwa adabere na "nlegharị anya oge" naanị.

A na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "ọkara okike" eme ihe mgbe ụfọdụ iji kọwaa ọhịa ọ bụla okike, nke na-abụghị nke mbụ na mmalite.

Hụkwa 

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Ebe e si nweta ya 

 Edward P. Mountford na Peter S. Savill; Mgbanwe okike nke oké ọhịa Beech na Europe - UK: Ụzọ, Nsogbu, Ọganihu na-adịbeghị anya na Ntuziaka Oxford Forestry Institute, Machị 2003, Nat-Man project (D22)
 Standovár & Kenderes; Nnyocha banyere ihe okike na-eme n'osisi beechwood nke ọwụwa anyanwụ etiti Europe Ngalaba nke Taxonomy na Ecology, Mahadum Eötvös Loránd (May 2003).
 Ọhịa oge ochie nke ọkara okike Woodland Trust
 Akwụkwọ Iwu: Ọkara okike Woodland The Society of Irish Foresters
 Royal Forestry Society nke oge ochie na nke ọkara
 Ogige Ọkara Okike Ochie (gụnyere PAWS na RNWAS) Nkọwa ebe obibi Durham Biodiversity Action Plan
 Woodland JNCC

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