Osisi mmanya na-egbu egbu
Osisi ndị a naaṅụbiga mmanya ókè, osisi ndị naagbadata, ma ọ bụ oké ọhịa a naegbu egbu, bụ osisi ndị a na'ụzọ kwụ ọtọ naatụgharị site na nhazi ha.

Nke a na-emekarị nọhịa taiga nke dị nebe ugwu nke black spruce (Picea mariana) nke naenweghị isi ma ọ bụ ice wedges agbaze, naeme ka osisi gbadaa n'akụkụ dị iche iche.

Osisi ndị a naatụgharị atụgharị nwekwara ike ibute site na oyi, na mmepe palsa, hummocks, ala naasọ asọ, ugwu ndị naarụ ọrụ noké ọhịa, mbuze ala, ma ọ bụ ala ọma jijiji. N'ime osisi spruce ndị hà nhata nke na-etolite na permafrost naarụ ọrụ mgbe ọkụ gasịrị, ịtụgharị naamalite mgbe osisi ahụ dị afọ 50 ruo 100, naatụ aro na elu elu site na aggradation ọhụrụ permafrest nwekwara ike ịmepụta ọhịa mmanya.

Mmiri kpụkọrọ akpụkọ 
Permafrost, nke bụ ala (ma ọ bụ nkume) nke naanọ n'okpuru 0 °C ruo ma ọ dịkarịa ala afọ abụọ nusoro, na-emepụta matrix siri ike nime ala nke nwere ike ịgbasa ruo omimi nke ọtụtụ narị mita. Permafrost naegbochi osisi ịzụlite usoro mgbọrọgwụ miri emi; dịka ọmụmaatụ, osisi ojii nke gbanwere ala permafrost enweghị mgbọrọgwụ dị mkpa. Nebe okpomọkụ permafrost dị nso nebe mmiri naagbaze, mgbanwe ihu igwe, ma ọ bụ ọnwụ nke ahịhịa nelu site na ọkụ, idei mmiri, iwu, ma ọ dị ka mgbukpọ ọhịa, nwere ike ịgbaze n'elu permafrest, na-emepụta thermokarst, aha sayensị maka ọdịda ala nke naakpata site na ịgbaze permafrust.
Thermokarst naemebi ala mgbọrọgwụ naadịghị omimi nke osisi ndị a, naeme ka ha daa ma ọ bụ daa.
Ọdọ mmiri Thermokarst nwere okirikiri osisi ndị naaṅụ mmanya gbara ya gburugburu, nke naeme ka ihe ndị a dị mfe ịmata.

Osisi ndị aṅụbigara mmanya ókè nwere ike ịnwụ n'ikpeazụ site na mbugharị ha, na iceọgaranya permafrost, a gaebibi gburugburu ebe obibi niile a naaṅụ mmanya site na ịgbaze. Osisi ndị a na-akpọ Tilted ndị naadịghị ada nwere ike ịgbake site na iji gravitropism iji maliteghachi uto kwụ ọtọ, si otú a naewere ọdịdị gbagọrọ agbagọ. Enwere ike ịmụ osisi mmeghachi omume nke usoro a mepụtara site na iji dendrochronology site na iji mgbanaka uto kwa afọ iji chọpụta mgbe osisi ahụ naagbadata.

Mmekọrịta ya na mgbanwe ihu igwe 
Osisi ndị a naaṅụbiga mmanya ókè abụghị ihe ọhụrụ  ihe akaebe dendrochronological nwere ike ịlaghachi azụ na ọ dịkarịa ala na narị afọ nke 19. Ebe ndịda nke permafrost subarctic ruru nókè dị elu noge Little Ice Age nke narị afọ nke 16 na nke 17, ma na-ebelata kemgbe ahụ.

Permafrost naadịkarị nọnọdụ naadịghị mma na ihu igwe, ọtụtụ nime permafrost fọdụrụ naanọ nọnọdụ dị mma. Otú ọ dị, ọnụego nke ịgbaze anọwo naabawanye, a naatụkwa anya na ọtụtụ nime permafrost fọdụrụ na-agbaze na narị afọ nke 21.

Al Gore kwuru na osisi ndị a na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè sitere na ịgbaze permafrost na Alaska dị ka ihe akaebe nke okpomọkụ ụwa, dịka akụkụ nke ngosi ya na ihe nkiri ihe nkiri 2006 An Inconvenient Truth .
Okpomọkụ yiri nke a naeduga na nchara na Siberia dị nso na njikọta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe sitere n'aka mmadụ, ihe omume ikuku nke a maara dị ka oscillation Arctic, na nzaghachi dị mma nke abụọ ahụ kpatara mgbe ice naagbaze naekpughe ala na oké osimiri nke naamị, kama igosipụta, radieshon anyanwụ.

Hụkwa 
 

 Oké ọhịa Gbagọrọ agbagọ
 Ọhịa Naagba Egwú
 Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ ụwa
 Mgbasa osisi