Sentence 1: Alvin failed the written part of his driver's exam. 
 Sentence 3: He decided to memorize the driver's manual 
 Sentence 4:  Alvin passed the next driver's exam 
 Sentence 5:  Alvin was sorry that he didn't read the manual before the first test 
 Option 1: He had studied the book all week. 
 Option 2: He had not studied the driving booklet at all.