Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
Comprehensive Two-dimensional gas chromatography, or GC×GC is a multidimensional gas chromatography technique that was originally described in 1984 by J. Calvin Giddings and first successfully implemented in 1991 by Professor Phillips and his student Zaiyou Liu. GC×GC utilizes two different columns with two different stationary phases. In GC×GC, all of the effluent from the first dimension column is diverted to the second dimension column via a modulator. The modulator quickly traps, then "injects" the effluent from the first dimension column onto the second dimension. This process creates a retention plane of the 1st dimension separation x 2nd dimension separation. The Oil and Gas Industry were early adopters of the technology for the complex oil samples to determine the many different types of Hydrocarbons and its isomers. Nowadays in these types of samples it has been reported that over 30000 different compounds could be identified in a crude oil with this Comprehensive Chromatography Technology (CCT). The CCT evolved from a technology only used in academic R&D laboratories, into a more robust technology used in many different industrial labs. Comprehensive Chromatography is used in forensics, food and flavor, environmental, metabolomics, biomarkers and clinical applications. Some of the most well-established research groups in