Bronisława Wieniawa-Długoszowska
Bronisława Wieniawa-Długoszowska (9 June 1886 – 26 August 1953) was a Polish wartime nurse of Russian Jewish origin. Her father Salomon (Simeon) Kliatchkin (Russian: Зельман Клячкин; 1858–1916) was the owner of the first credit bureau (credit reference agency) in the Russian Empire. Her mother was Helena Kliatchkin (née Bajenov; 1886–1953). She had nine siblings; one died in childhood, three in Joseph Stalin's purges, one survived in Russia and four survived in exile in France. The family's suffering under Stalin is recorded in a film shown on Russian television in 2008, История семьи как эпоха (The history of a family which was a witness to its epoch). In 1903 she graduated from a Gymnasium in Łódź. She studied medicine in Paris before 1914. At this time she was married to her first husband, , a lawyer. Berenson was the defender in the Tsarist courts of Felix Dzerzhinsky, who was to be the founder of the Cheka, the first Soviet secret police agency. At the outbreak of the First World War she volunteered to work as a nurse at the Hotel Continental in Paris, now the Westin Paris - Vendôme. She nursed Pierre Laurent (1892–1935), a young French officer, the son of