Business-firm party
A business-firm party, entrepreneurial party, or personal party is a type of political party that is centered on a charismatic political entrepreneur, most often created by that person to further their own interests. Definition It can be considered "the most extreme case of party personalization, consisting in the full control by an individual leader of the party he has himself created", in the words of political scientist Mauro Calise. A business-firm party is modeled off the top-down organizational structure of a corporation as opposed to operating on the basis of internal party democracy. The party structure is related to the older type of elite party, but is even more strongly oligarchic in form, as the political entrepreneur maintains complete control of the party's assets. The entrepreneur controls all aspects of the party's platform and campaigning, plays the ultimate role in selecting candidates to run in elections, managing the party's resources, and wielding party discipline over other politicians in the party. One characteristic distinguishing them from other parties is that the party organization is either dormant or limited outside of campaign seasons, and members are actively discouraged from becoming more involved in the party, therefore leading entrepreneurial parties to lack grassroots