Mathematica Inc. (1968–1986)
Mathematica Inc. was a multi-faceted American software company and consulting group founded by Princeton University professors in 1968. The computer had three primary divisions: Mathematica Policy Research, which did consulting work, mostly "to develop mathematical models for marketing decision making"; Mathematica Products Group, best known for developing RAMIS; and MathTech, the company's technical and economic consulting group. The company was also a leading developer of state lottery systems. In early 1982, the company's stock was split 3-for-2. Mathematica Products Group was soon spun off and purchased by Martin Marietta Corporation, in May 1983. The division was then renamed Mathematica & Oxford Software. Marietta sold Mathematica & Oxford Software to On-Line Software International in 1986; On-Line was in turn sold to Computer Associates, in 1991. Mathematica Policy Research and MathTech meanwhile were spun off, and in 1986 both independently became employee-owned companies. Mathematica Policy Research was eventually renamed to Mathematica Inc.; it is the only former unit still carrying the Mathematica name. Early day participants Oskar Morgenstern, economist; one of the company's founders (1969) Tibor Fabian, Mathematica's Hungarian-born president (1980s) William Baumol and William Bowen: economists, early day participants Divisions Mathematica Policy Research⁣ – the only former unit still carrying the