John Manzoni
Sir John Alexander Manzoni (born 1960) is a British senior civil servant and business executive, who served as chief executive of the civil service and the Cabinet Office Permanent Secretary from 2014 to 2020. Early life and education Manzoni studied civil engineering as an undergraduate and a Master's degree in petroleum engineering at Imperial College London. He later studied for a Master's degree in management as a Sloan Fellow at Stanford University in 1994. He also has a Master of Business Administration degree. Business career Manzoni started to work for the oil and gas company BP in 1983. In 2000, he was a group vice president at the company. He was chief executive for refining and marketing at BP at the time of the Texas City Refinery explosion in 2005, in which 15 people were killed and 170 injured. An internal BP investigation cleared him of "serious neglect or intentional misconduct" but said he should have taken more steps to consider and mitigate the risks long before the disaster occurred, and criticised several aspects of his conduct. The company was fined $21m (£13m) for breaching safety rules. In 2007, a month after the BP report was made public, Manzoni left