Paul Hautefeuille
Paul Gabriel Hautefeuille (2 December 1836 in Étampes – 8 December 1902 in Paris) was a French mineralogist and chemist. Biography From 1855, he studied at the École Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris. Later on, by way of a recommendation from Jean-Baptiste Dumas, he was admitted as an assistant to the laboratory of chemist Henri Sainte-Claire Deville at the École Normale Supérieure. In 1865, he earned his doctorates in physical sciences and medicine. From 1870 to 1885, he served as co-director of the chemical laboratory at the École Normale Supérieure, and in 1876, he replaced Charles Friedel as a lecturer (maitre de conferences) at the school. In 1885, he was appointed professor of mineralogy at the Faculty of Sciences in Paris, and during the same year, was named director of the mineralogical laboratory at the École des Hautes Études. Research He is largely remembered for his work involving mineralogical syntheses, being credited with laboratory reproduction of quartz, tridymite, zircon, beryl, mica, alumina and many other minerals. He determined the temperatures at which minerals dissociate as well as the temperature at which they will crystallize into a particular crystal system. He also conducted research on the oxides of nitrogen.