Bogdan Kistyakovski
Bohdan Oleksandrovych Kistyakivsky (; 16 November 1869 – 16 April 1920) was a Ukrainian philosopher, jurist, and sociologist. He reached prominence with his Gesellschaft und Einzelwesen (Society and Individuals) published in Berlin in 1899. Philosophically he defended transcendental idealism. In 1902 he contributed to Problems of Idealism (Problemy Idealizma), edited by Pavel Novgorodtsev. In 1909 he contributed the essay "In Defense of Law" to the anthology Vekhi (Landmarks). Biography Early life Bohdan Kistyakivsky was born in Kyiv, Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire on 16 November 1869. His father, Oleksandr Fedorovych Kistyakivsky, was a professor of criminal law at the University of Kyiv and the president of the Legal Society of Kyiv. Kistyakivsky later remarked that he felt he had always struggled for his Ukrainian national identity and that he had been 'Russianized'. Education Between 1888 and 1892, Kistyakivsky was expelled from the history and philology departments of the University of Kyiv and the University of Kharkiv, as well as the law school of the University of Dorpat due to his participation in underground Ukrainian nationalist groups. He was arrested in connection to nationalist groups in 1892, and when he was released in 1895, Kistyakivsky decided to continue his studies