New Wave (manga)
New Wave (ニューウェーブ, Nyū uēbu) was a movement within the Japanese manga industry during the late 1970s and early 1980s. Critics together with artists challenged the by then conventional frameworks of shōnen manga, shōjo manga and gekiga by introducing innovative means of expression and non-gendered approaches to manga. While artists differed vastly in terms of style, the visual language of Katsuhiro Otomo, new approaches to science fiction, the emergence of Boys' Love manga and a less feminine approach to shōjo manga were some of New Wave's characteristics. The short-lived movement was centered around smaller manga magazines that were initiated by manga critics, but had a wide impact onto the development of mainstream manga. History Until the 1960s, Japan's manga industry was divided into four distinct genres: shōnen manga, shōjo manga as well as gekiga and seinen manga, with only a few experimental magazines like Garo and COM deviating from this pattern. Towards the late 1970s, several minor manga magazines and anthologies were launched by the members of , a collective of manga critics that was active in the doujinshi scene and founded the Comiket. These publications, such as June, Peke, Shōnen Shōjo SF Manga Kyōsaku Taizenshu, Bessatsu Kisōtengai SF Manga