Timeline of number theory
A timeline of number theory. Before 1000 BCE ca. 20,000 BCE — Nile Valley, Ishango Bone: possibly the earliest reference to prime numbers and Egyptian multiplication although this is disputed. About 300 BCE 300 BCE — Euclid proves the number of prime numbers is infinite. 1st millennium AD 250 — Diophantus writes Arithmetica, one of the earliest treatises on algebra. 500 — Aryabhata solves the general linear diophantine equation. 628 - Brahmagupta gives Brahmagupta's identity and solves the so called Pell's equation using his composition method. ca. 650 — Mathematicians in India create the Hindu–Arabic numeral system we use, including the zero, the decimals and negative numbers. 1000–1500 ca. 1000 — Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi first states a special case of Fermat's Last Theorem. 895 — Thabit ibn Qurra gives a theorem by which pairs of amicable numbers can be found, (i.e., two numbers such that each is the sum of the proper divisors of the other). 975 — The earliest triangle of binomial coefficients (Pascal triangle) occur in the 10th century in commentaries on the Chandas Shastra. 1150 — Bhaskara II gives first general method for solving Pell's equation 1260 — Al-Farisi gave a new proof of Thābit ibn Qurra's theorem,