Mitochondrial theory of ageing
The mitochondrial theory of ageing has two varieties: free radical and non-free radical. The first is one of the variants of the free radical theory of ageing. It was formulated by J. Miquel and colleagues in 1980 and was developed in the works of Linnane and coworkers (1989). The second was proposed by A. N. Lobachev in 1978. The mitochondrial free radical theory of ageing (MFRTA) proposes that free radicals produced by mitochondrial activity damage cellular components, leading to ageing. Mitochondria are cell organelles which function to provide the cell with energy by producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate). During ATP production electrons can escape the mitochondrion and react with water, producing reactive oxygen species, ROS for short. ROS can damage macromolecules, including lipids, proteins and DNA, which is thought to facilitate the process of ageing. In the 1950s Denham Harman proposed the free radical theory of ageing, which he later expanded to the MFRTA. When studying the mutations in antioxidants, which remove ROS, results were inconsistent. However, it has been observed that overexpression of antioxidant enzymes in yeast, worms, flies and mice were shown to increase lifespan. Molecular basis Mitochondria are thought to be organelles that developed from endocytosed bacteria which