Tongtianguanfu
Tongtianguanfu () is a form of court attire in hanfu which was worn by the Emperor during the Song dynasty on very important occasions, such as grand court sessions and during major title-granting ceremonies. The attire traces its origin from the Han Dynasty.It was also worn in the Jin dynasty Emperors when the apparel system of the Song dynasty was imitated and formed their own carriages and apparel system, and in the Ming dynasty. The tongtianguanfu was composed of a red outer robe, a white inner robe, a bixi, and a guan called tongtianguan, and a neck accessory called fangxin quling. Terminology The term tongtian means "direct links with heaven". Composition and construction The tongtianguanfu is composed of: The gauze outer robe (paofu), called jiangshapao (). It was crimson in colour with patterns of clouds and dragons embroidery which was gold and red in colours. There were black borders stitched to the collar, sleeves, lapels and hems of the crimson outer robe. The crimson outer robe was worn with a red gauze skirt and a crimson bixi (, knee cover) was fastened around the waist of its wearer. The inner garment was a white robe (). The high crown was