Lupinus albifrons
Lupinus albifrons, silver lupine, white-leaf bush lupine, or evergreen lupine, is a species of lupine (lupin). It is native to California and Oregon, where it grows along the coast and in dry and open meadows, prairies and forest clearings. It is a member of several plant communities, including coastal sage scrub, chaparral, northern coastal scrub, foothill woodland, and yellow pine forest. Description Lupinus albifrons is a perennial shrub, taking up about of space and reaching . It has a light blue to violet flower on stalks. The leaves are silver with a feathery texture. It grows in sandy to rocky places below . Cultivation This plant grows as a wildflower in the hills and valleys of California. It requires good drainage and needs little water once the roots are established. Toxicity to livestock The plant is deer-resistant due to the presence of the bitter-tasting alkaloid toxins anagyrine and lupinine. Because of these toxins lupines can negatively affect livestock, causing birth defects and decreasing weight especially in young, inexperienced cattle. When cows are under stress from lactating, especially in times of low forage availability, they will consume more lupine than usual. Mission blue butterfly The federally endangered mission blue butterfly requires