Ustyuzhna
Ustyuzhna () is a town and the administrative center of Ustyuzhensky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Mologa River, west of Vologda, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: History Considered to have been founded in the 11th century, it was first mentioned, as Zhelezny Ustyug (), in 1252, and in the following centuries was called variously Ustyuzhna Zheleznopolskaya, Ustizhna, Ustizhnya, Ustyuzhnya, and Yustyzhnya. In the 16th–18th centuries it was known mostly as Ustyuzhna-Zheleznaya or Ustyuzhna-Zheleznopolskaya, but since 1808 it had mostly been referred to by its modern name. The origin of the name is unclear, though it may be related to that of Ustyug. In 1252, Ustyuzhna was a part of the Principality of Uglich. It was situated on the shortest route from Novgorod to the basin of the Northern Dvina, which caused an interest of the Novgorod Republic. In the 14th century, Novgorod made several attempts to establish control over the town. During the Time of Troubles, the Polish Army laid a siege on Ustyuzhna, but did not manage to conquer the town. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the territory became one of the most important centers of metal production in Russia, second only to