Opinion
Tsoucalas, Senior Judge:
Plaintiffs, SKF USA Inc. and SKF Indus-trie S.p.A. (collectively "SKF"), move pursuant to USCIT R. 56.2 for judgment upon the agency record challenging various aspects of the United States Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration's ("Commerce") final determination, entitled Antifriction Bearings (Other Than Tapered Roller Bearings) and Parts Thereof From France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Romania, Sweden, and the United Kingdom; Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Reviews ("Final Results"), 64 Fed. Reg. 35,590 (July 1, 1999).
Background
This case concerns the ninth administrative review of 1989 anti-dumping duty orders on antifriction bearings (other than tapered roller bearings) and parts thereof ("AFBs") imported from Italy for the period of review covering May 1, 1997 through April 30, 1998. See Final Results, 64 Fed. Reg. at 35,590; Antidumping Duty Orders: Ball Bearings and Cylindrical Roller Bearings, and Parts Thereof From Italy, 54 Fed. Reg. 20,903 (May 15, 1989). In accordance with 19 C.F.R. § 351.213 (1998), Commerce initiated the administrative reviews of these orders on June 29, 1998, see Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews and Request for Revocation in Part, 63 Fed. Reg. 35,188, and published the preliminary results of the subject review on February 23,1999, see Antifriction Bearings (Other Than Tapered Roller Bearings) and Parts Thereof From France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Romania, Singapore, Sweden, and the United Kingdom; Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Reviews and Partial Rescission of Administrative Reviews ("Preliminary Results"), 64 Fed. Reg. 8790. Commerce published the Final Results on July 1, 1999. See 64 Fed. Reg. at 35,590.
Jurisdiction
The Court has jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a) (1994) and 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c) (1994).
Standard of Review
In reviewing a challenge to Commerce's final determination in an an-tidumping administrative review, the Court will uphold Commerce's determination unless it is "unsupported by substantial evidence on the record, or otherwise not in accordance with law." 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(1)(B)(i) (1994).
Discussion
I. Commerce's Duty Absorption Inquiry
On May 29, 1998 and July 29,1998, Torrington requested that Commerce conduct a duty absorption inquiry pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1675(a)(4) (1994) with respect to various respondents, including SKF, to ascertain whether antidumping duties had been absorbed during the ninth review. See Final Results, 64 Fed. Reg. at 35,600.
In the Final Results, Commerce determined that duty absorption had occurred for the ninth review. See id. at 35,600-02. In asserting authority to conduct a duty absorption inquiry under § 1675(a)(4), Commerce first explained that for "transition orders" as defined in 19 U.S.C. § 1675(c)(6)(C) (1994) (that is, antidumping duty orders, inter alia, deemed issued on January 1, 1995), antidumping regulation 19 C.F.R. § 351.213(j)(2) (1998) provides that Commerce will make a duty absorption inquiry, if requested, for any antidumping administrative review initiated in 1996 or 1998. Commerce concluded that (1) because the an-tidumping duty orders on the AFBs in this case have been in effect since 1989, the orders are transition orders pursuant to § 1675(c)(6)(C), and (2) since this review was initiated in 1998 and a request was made, it had the authority to make a duty absorption inquiry for the ninth review. See id.
A. Contentions of the Parties
SKF contends that: (1) Commerce lacked authority under 19 U.S.C. § 1675(a)(4) to conduct a duty absorption inquiry for the ninth review of the 1989 antidumping duty orders; and (2) even if Commerce possessed the authority to conduct such an inquiry, Commerce's methodology for determining duty absorption was contrary to law and, accordingly, the case should be remanded to Commerce to reconsider its methodology. See SKF's Br. Supp. Mot. J. Agency R. at 2-3, 9-37; SKF's Reply Br. at 2-34.
Commerce argues that it: (1) properly construed subsections (a)(4) and (c) of § 1675 as authorizing it to make duty absorption inquiries for antidumping duty orders that were issued and published prior to January 1, 1995; and (2) devised and applied a reasonable methodology for determining duty absorption. See Def.'s Mem. in Opp'n to Pis.' Mot. J. Agency R. at 2, 5-25. The Torrington Company ("Torrington") presents arguments similar to those of Commerce. See Torrington's Resp. to Pis.' Mot. J. Agency R. at 2-4, 7-33.
B. Analysis
In SKF USA Inc. v. United States, 24 CIT _, 94 F. Supp. 2d 1351 (2000), this Court determined that Commerce lacked statutory authority under 19 U.S.C. § 1675(a)(4) to conduct a duty absorption inquiry for antidumping duty orders issued prior to the January 1, 1995 effective date of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act ("URAA"), Pub. L. No. 103-465, 108 Stat. 4809 (1994). See id. at _, 94 F. Supp. 2d at 1357-59. The Court noted that Congress expressly prescribed in the URAA that § 1675(a)(4) "must be applied prospectively on or after January 1,1995 for 19 U.S.C. § 1675 reviews." Id. at 1359 (citing § 291 of the URAA).
Because the duty absorption inquiry, the methodology and the parties' arguments at issue in this case are practically identical to those presented in SKF USA, the Court adheres to its reasoning in SKF USA. Accordingly, the Court finds that Commerce did not have the statutory authority under § 1675(a)(4) to undertake a duty absorption inquiry for the applicable pre-URAA antidumping duty orders in dispute here.
II. Commerce's CV Profit Calculation
For this review, Commerce used constructed value ("CV") as the basis for normal value ("NV") "when there were no usable sales of the foreign like product in the comparison market." Preliminary Results, 64 Fed. Reg. at 8795. Commerce calculated the profit component of CV using the statutorily preferred methodology of 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(e)(2)(A) (1994). See Final Results, 64 Fed. Reg. at 35,611. In applying the preferred methodology for calculating CV profit, Commerce determined that "an aggregate calculation that encompasses all foreign like products under consideration for normal value represents a reasonable interpretation of [§ 1677b(e)(2)(A)]" and "the use of [such] aggregate data results in a reasonable and practical measure of profit that [Commerce] can apply consistently where there are sales of the foreign like product in the ordinary course of trade." Id. Also, in calculating CV profit under § 1677b(e)(2)(A), Commerce excluded below-cost sales from the calculation which it disregarded in the determination of NV pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(b)(1) (1994). See id. at 35,612.
A. Contentions of the Parties
SKF contends that Commerce's methodology for calculating CV profit, that is, the use of aggregate data encompassing all foreign like products under consideration for NV for calculating CV profit, is contrary to § 1677b(e)(2)(A) and to the explicit hierarchy established by 19 U.S.C. § 1677(16) (1994) for selecting "foreign like product" in the CV profit calculation. See SKF's Br. Supp. Mot. J. Agency R. at 37-56. In addition, SKF argues that Commerce's CV profit calculation under § 1677b(e)(2)(A) is unlawful in that it excluded below-cost sales from the calculation. See id. at 56-60.
Commerce argues that it: (1) applied a reasonable interpretation of § 1677b(e)(2)(A) and properly based CV profit for SKF on aggregate profit data of all foreign like products under consideration for NV; and (2) properly excluded below-cost sales from the CV profit calculation. See Def.'s Mem. in Opp'n to Pis.' Mot. J. Agency R. at 2-3, 25-48. Tor-rington generally agrees with Commerce's contentions. See Torring-ton's Resp. to Pis.' Mot. J. Agency R. at 4-5, 33-39.
B. Analysis
In RHP Bearings Ltd. v. United States, 23 CIT 967, 83 F. Supp. 2d 1322 (1999), this Court upheld Commerce's CV profit methodology of using aggregate data of all foreign like products under consideration for NV as being consistent with the antidumping statute. See id. at 973, 83 F. Supp. 2d at 1336. Since SKF's arguments and the methodology at issue in this case are practically identical to those presented in RHP Bearings, the Court adheres to its reasoning in RHP Bearings and, therefore, finds that Commerce's CV profit methodology is in accordance with law. Moreover, since (1) § 1677b(e)(2)(A) requires Commerce to use the actual amount for profit in connection with the production and sale of a foreign like product in the ordinary course of trade, and (2) 19 U.S.C. § 1677(15) (1994) provides that below-cost sales disregarded under § 1677b(b)(l) are considered to be outside the ordinary course of trade, the Court finds that Commerce properly excluded below-cost sales from the CV profit calculation.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the case is remanded to Commerce to annul all findings and conclusions made pursuant to the duty absorption inquiry conducted for the subject review. Commerce's final determination is affirmed in all other respects.
Since the administrative review at issue was initiated after December 31,1994, the applicable law in this case is the antidumping statute as amended by the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, Pub. L. No. 103-465,108 Stat. 4809 (1994) (effective Jan. 1, 1995).
Specifically, in calculating constructed value, the statutorily preferred method is to calculate an amount for profit based on "the actual amounts incurred and realized by the specific exporter or producer being examined in the investigation or review in connection with the production and sale of a foreign like product [made] in the ordinary course of trade, for consumption in the foreign country." 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(e)(2)(A) (1994).