Sophie Bray

Sophie Charlotte Bray,  (born 12 May 1990) is an English international field hockey player who played as a forward for England and Great Britain.

She currently plays club hockey in the Investec Women's Hockey League Premier Division for East Grinstead.

Personal life
Bray lives in Claygate, Surrey but was born in France where her father worked as a marketing consultant. Back in England she played tennis and football at local clubs, representing Surrey at tennis aged 11. She gave up playing tennis and played football for Fulham Ladies, because she preferred a team sport. She was educated at Tiffin Girls' School, Kingston upon Thames joining Surbiton Hockey Club during her time at the school, initially playing for the colts aged 16, before progressing to the senior team.

She attended University of Birmingham where she studied Psychology.

Career
Bray competed for England in the women's hockey tournament at the 2014 Commonwealth Games where she won a silver medal, and was a member of the Investec sponsored winning team at the EuroHockey Championships in 2015.

In 2016, she competed for Team GB in the women's Olympic field hockey tournament at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, where Team GB won gold in the final against the Netherlands after a penalty shoot out.

Bray was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2017 New Year Honours for services to hockey.

Bray has also played for Surbiton, Uni of Birmingham and in the Netherlands for MOP Hockey Club, Vught, near Eindhoven and most recently Kampong.

On 4 February 2019, Bray announced her retirement from international hockey. During her international career she scored 44 goals and made 134 appearances for England and Great Britain.

Honours & achievements

International

Great Britain
 Gold medal in field hockey at the 2016 Summer Olympics

England
 Gold medal in 2015 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship
 Silver medal in Hockey at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
 Bronze medal in Hockey at the 2018 Commonwealth Games
 Bronze medal in 2017 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship

Individual
 Investec Women's Hockey League Player of the Season 2018–2019


Zatoichi

is a fictional character featured in one of Japan's longest-running series of films and a television series that are both set during the late Edo period (1830s and 1840s). The character, a blind masseur and blademaster, was created by novelist Kan Shimozawa.

This originally minor character was developed for the screen by Daiei Film (now Kadokawa Daiei Studio) and actor Shintaro Katsu, who created the screen version. A total of 26 films were made from 1962 to 1989. From 1974 to 1979, the television series Zatoichi was produced, starring Katsu and some of the same actors that appeared in the films. These were produced by Katsu Productions. 100 episodes, with episodes 99 and 100 being a two-part story finale, were aired before the Zatoichi television series was cancelled.

Film number 17 of the original series was remade in the US in 1990 (by TriStar Pictures) as Blind Fury, an action film starring Rutger Hauer.

A 2003 film, Zatōichi, was directed by Takeshi Kitano who also starred as Zatōichi in the film. The film was awarded the Venice Film Festival's Silver Lion for Best Direction in 2003.

A stage version of Zatoichi directed by Takashi Miike starred Show Aikawa. It was performed and filmed in 2007 and released on home video under the title Miike Takashi × Aikawa Shō: Zatōichi on May 30, 2008.

Character
Zatoichi at first comes across as a harmless blind anma (masseur) and bakuto (gambler) who wanders the land, making his living by chō-han (playing dice) as well as giving massages, performing acupuncture and even, on occasion, singing and playing music. Secretly, however, he is very highly skilled in swordsmanship, specifically Muraku-school kenjutsu and iaido along with the more general sword skills of Japan, as well as sumo wrestling and kyujutsu.

Little of his past is revealed, other than that he lost his sight as a child through illness. His father disappeared for undisclosed reasons when Zatoichi was about five years old. He is described by his swordsmanship instructor as having practiced constantly and with extreme devotion when he was a pupil in order to develop his incredible skills. Zatoichi says of himself that he became a yakuza (gangster) during those three years he spent training (which immediately precede the original The Tale of Zatoichi) and killed many people, something he later came to deeply regret. This is reflected in his willingness to involve himself in the affairs of others—chiefly, those suffering from oppression/exploitation, or some form of corruption. Despite that moral re-assessment and his new perspective and remorse (and most often because of them), he usually has a bounty (sometimes quite large) on his head from one source or another throughout the movies and series. However, because of his earnestness, wit, and natural sense of empathy, many people who encounter him during his travels grow to respect and even care for him.

Unlike a bushi, he does not carry a traditional katana. Instead, he uses a well-made shikomi-zue (仕込み杖, lit. "prepared cane" or cane sword), as the use or possession of true fighting blades was formally outlawed for non-samurai during the Edo period. The decree was virtually impossible to enforce, however, as evidenced by the Yakuza enforcers being shown wielding katanas throughout the films. The blades of Shikomi-zue were generally straight-edged, of lower-quality, unfolded steel, which could not compare with even a low-end katana. As a result, the blade in Ichi's cane sword is broken during the climactic battle in Zatoichi the Fugitive (the fourth film). The sword has a new blade by the next film, which he wields until the fifteenth film Zatoichi's Cane Sword. The blade (which breaks during the film) and the blade that replaces it were specially forged at great expense and with far more than the usual care by master bladesmiths and were both of exceptional quality, superior to the swords of even most samurai. At the beginning of Zatoichi Meets Yojimbo, his swordblade (presumably the same) inexplicably breaks and is sold to a blacksmith along with its hilt and scabbard. Its replacement is not a shikomi-zue, but a jotō (杖刀 lit. a "staff sword") of unrevealed origin that resembles a short, thick bo staff, which also soon breaks. In the next film, Zatoichi: The Festival of Fire, he is once again using his trademark cane sword, outfitted with a new blade of unknown origin and quality.

The principal recurring thematic formula of these films and the television series is that of the ever-wandering and sentimental drifter who protects the innocent and the helpless from oppressive or warring yakuza gangs, stops the worst of general injustice or predation and aids the unfortunate, and often, through no fault of his own, is set upon by ruffians or stumbles into harm's way. Zatoichi's saga is essentially one of an earthy but basically good and wise man almost always trying to do the decent thing, to somehow redeem himself and perhaps atone for past failings. Nevertheless, he believes himself instead to be a stained, corrupted and evil man, irredeemable and undeserving of the love and respect that some show and rightly have for him. This self-described "god of calamities" is routinely a magnet for troubles of one sort or another. Death is his only constant companion, as he pragmatically does not allow other people, especially those he loves or thinks highly of, to get close and stay there for long; such would lead to eventual tragedy. Death does seem, like a shadow, to actually follow an often reluctant Zatoichi almost everywhere he goes, and despite his mostly compassionate nature, killing appears to come entirely naturally to him.

His lightning-fast fighting skill is incredible, with his sword held in a reverse grip; this, combined with his unflappable steel-nerved wits in a fight, his keen ears, sense of smell and proprioception, all render him a formidable adversary. He is also quite capable with a traditional katana, as seen in Zatoichi's Vengeance and the bath house scene in Zatoichi and the Festival of Fire. Similarly, he displays considerable skill using two swords simultaneously, in Musashi-like Nitō Ichi style in Zatoichi and the Doomed Man. Almost preternaturally dangerous with blades, he is fully capable (whether standing, sitting or lying down) of fighting and swiftly defeating multiple skilled opponents simultaneously. Some, however, have come close to besting him in combat, in particular during the final duel in Zatoichi Challenged, where extenuating circumstances played a role.

A number of other standard scenarios are also repeated through the series: Zatoichi's winning of large amounts at gambling via his ability to hear whether the dice have fallen on even or odd is a common theme, as is his catching loaded or substituted dice by the difference in their sound. This frequently culminates in another set piece, Zatoichi's cutting the candles lighting the room and reducing it to pitch blackness, commonly accompanied by his tag line "Kurayami nara kotchi no mon da"|暗闇ならこっちのもんだ (roughly meaning "Darkness is my ally" or "Now we are all blind").

The character's name is actually Ichi. Zatō is a title, the lowest of the four official ranks within the Tōdōza, the historical guild for blind men (thus, zato also designates a blind person in Japanese slang). Ichi is therefore properly called Zatō-no-Ichi ("Low-Ranking Blind Person Ichi", approximately), or Zatōichi for short. Massage was a traditional occupation for the blind (as their lack of sight removed the issue of gender), as was playing the biwa or, for blind women (goze), the shamisen. Being lesser Hinin (lit. "non-people"), blind people and masseurs were regarded as among the very lowest of the low in social class, other than Eta or outright criminals; they were generally considered wretches, beneath notice, no better than beggars or even the insane—especially during the Edo period—and it was also commonly thought that the blind were accursed, despicable, severely mentally disabled, deaf and sexually dangerous.

The original series of films

The original series of 26 films featured Shintaro Katsu as Zatoichi. The first film was made in 1962 in black and white. The third film, in 1963, was the first to be filmed in color. The 25th film was made in 1973, followed by a hiatus of 16 years until Katsu's last film, which he wrote and directed himself in 1989.

The original series of movies features other popular fictional characters of the genre on two occasions. Zatoichi Meets the One-Armed Swordsman (1971) connects with the Shaw Brothers series of Hong Kong-produced movies directed by prolific director Chang Cheh; and Zatoichi Meets Yojimbo (1970) features Toshiro Mifune as Imperial Shogunate Secret Agent Daisaku Sasa. This character resembles the title character of Akira Kurosawa's films Yojimbo and Sanjuro. The earlier films, in which Mifune's character used the pseudonym Sanjuro (30-year-old), are alluded to when Sassa is jokingly called Shijuro (40-year-old).

List of original films

 Note: The English titles shown are the common commercially used titles, thus they are not direct translations of the original Japanese titles.

The television series

The television series Zatoichi ran for four seasons—a total of 100 episodes—with Shintaro Katsu in the lead role:
 26 episodes, in 1974
 29 episodes, in 1976
 19 episodes, in 1978
 26 episodes, in 1979

Most of the stories in the television series are original dramas, but some are essentially redacted remakes of the full-length Zatoichi films of the previous decade such as Season One, Episode 14, "Fighting Journey with Baby in Tow" (corresponds to the 8th film "Fight, Zatoichi, Fight" 座頭市血笑旅 Zatōichi kesshō-tabi); Season One, Episode 16, "The Winds From Mt. Akagi".

The first season of television shows has been released with English subtitles from Media Blasters / Tokyo Shock.

Production companies
The first 20 films were produced and distributed by Daiei Film (except for the 16th film Zatoichi the Outlaw and the 20th film Zatoichi Meets Yojimbo which were produced by Shintaro Katsu's own company, Katsu Productions, and distributed theatrically by Daiei).

The last 6 films (and the TV series) were also produced by Katsu Productions. Distribution of these films was done by Dainichi Eihai (Zatoichi Goes to the Fire Festival, Zatoichi Meets the One-Armed Swordsman), Toho (Zatoichi at Large which Toho also co-produced with Katsu Productions, Zatoichi in Desperation, and Zatoichi at the Blood Fest), and Shochiku which released Katsu's last Zatoichi film in 1989. It was re-released (and retitled Darkness Is His Ally) in 2004; this was no doubt sparked by the new 2003 Zatoichi film, Zatoichi, starring Takeshi Kitano, which Shochiku also released.

Chambara Entertainment/Video Action of Honolulu held the original VHS release rights to the Zatoichi film series numbers 1-20, though it only released some of them. Chambara eventually expired its North American release license. AnimEigo held the remainder of the VHS rights.

Home Vision Entertainment (not Criterion as is often misstated) was granted United States distribution rights to the original Daiei films (except for the 14th and the 16th (the second of which was still in possession of AnimEigo)), and released them on DVD: the films were numbered 1-13, 15, and 17-19. AnimEigo released seven of the films: Zatoichi the Outlaw (1967), Zatoichi Meets Yojimbo (1970), Zatoichi at the Fire Festival (1970, as Zatoichi: The Festival of Fire), Zatoichi Meets the One-Armed Swordsman (1971), Zatoichi at Large (1972), Zatoichi in Desperation (1972), and Zatoichi at the Blood Fest (1973, as Zatoichi's Conspiracy).

Media Blasters (under their Tokyo Shock label) released the 1989 film. The first season (26 episodes) of the TV series was released on February 7, 2007.

The Criterion Collection released the first 25 films as a dual-format Blu-ray and DVD boxed set on November 26, 2013.

Remakes and spin-offs

Blind Fury
In 1989, TriStar Pictures released a remake called Blind Fury, starring Rutger Hauer as a Vietnam War vet who is blinded, then taught to use a cane sword by a local tribe before returning home to America. This film is based on Zatoichi Challenged (1967), the 17th film in the original series.

Zatoichi (2003 film)
In 2003, Takeshi Kitano wrote, directed and appeared in a new high-budget Zatoichi film, called simply Zatoichi (座頭市 Zatōichi). It premiered on September 3, 2003 at the Venice Film Festival, where it won the prestigious Silver Lion award, and went on to numerous other awards both at home and abroad. It also stars Tadanobu Asano, Michiyo Okusu, Yui Natsukawa, Guadalcanal Taka, Daigiro Tachibana, Yuko Daike, Ittoku Kishibe, Saburo Ishikura, and Akira Emoto.

Zatoichi discovers a small, remote mountain town that has been overtaken by a bullying gang that is extorting money from the townspeople. As Zatoichi seeks to liberate the town, he encounters a rōnin seeking employment to pay for his ailing wife's needs, and two geisha who are seeking to avenge the murder of their parents, but he soon discovers that they are not what they seem to be.

The soundtrack was composed by Keiichi Suzuki (formerly of the Japanese band the Moonriders) and the Japanese tap dance troupe The Stripes.

Ichi
In Ichi, a blind female musician who is rescued (and later trained) by Zatoichi travels through Japan to find her mentor.

Zatoichi: The Last
Toho released a new Zatoichi film starring Shingo Katori titled Zatoichi: The Last on May 29, 2010.

In other works
(in chronological order)

In 1969, Teruo Sakamaki (酒巻輝男), a Japanese restaurant owner from Shinjuku turned Shintaro Katsu/Zatoichi impersonator, starred in a Pink film entitled Lewd Priest: Forty-Eight Positions Cutting (好色坊主 四十八手斬り). The film was directed by Kaoru Umezawa and produced by Uematsu Productions which was reportedly sued by Daiei for copyright infringement. Under various aliases including "Shintaro Katsu look-alike (勝新太郎ソックリショー)", "Rintaro Katsu (勝利太郎)", and "Sing Lung (勝龍)", Sakamaki continued to imitate Shintaro Katsu as Zatoichi in numerous films in Taiwan including: The Blind Swordsman's Revenge (盲劍・血滴子) (1972), The Blind Swordsman vs White Wolf (盲俠鬥白狼) (1972),  Trust and Brotherhood (義氣傳義氣) (1972), The Hunchback (漢駝) (1972), Inspector Karate (頭號鐵人) (1973), and The Devil's Owl (魔鬼怪鷹) (1977).
The Crimson Bat film series (1969–1970) and TV series (1971) was an unauthorized variation, with a blind woman named O-Ichi, played by Yoko Matsuyama, as the sword-wielding hero.
Blindman was a 1971 spaghetti western variation on the Zatoichi formula starring Tony Anthony as a blind gunman.
In the second season of the 1985 animated series Thundercats, a character named Lynx-O shares many similarities to Zatoichi. Having been blinded by volcanic gasses during his escape from his dying homeworld of Thundera, Lynx-O develops his other senses to "see" the world around him. He is a formidable fighter, and can use pressure points to disable and defeat his foes.
The character of Zatoichi finds homage in the character of Zato-Ino (also known as "the Blind Swordspig") in Stan Sakai's long-running anthropomorphic comic series Usagi Yojimbo (1984). This iteration of the character uses his keen sense of smell to find his way and to combat his enemies.  Zato-Ino first appeared in Critters #7 (Jan 1987), published by Fantagraphics Books.
in Fong Sai-yuk II series, Fong Sai-yuk (Jet Li) was fighting amongst red flower clan. while fong is only Wearing A blindfold only.
In the Shogun update of the 2007 multiplayer first-person shooter Team Fortress 2, a katana called "The Half-Zatoichi" was introduced for use by both the Soldier and Demoman, alluding to the fact that the Demoman uses an eyepatch and is half-blind, while the Soldier wears an improperly fitted helmet and therefore has impaired vision.
In the 1998 video game series Guilty Gear, one of the original characters is named Zato-1, who also happens to be a blind assassin. Although his name is pronounced Zato-one, the Japanese word for one is ichi, hence Zato-ichi.
In the 2005 episode of The Boondocks titled "Grandad's Fight," Huey has a dream in which he fights Col. Stinkmeaner - a blind and cruel elderly man who had beaten his grandfather earlier in the episode - as a samurai. Later in the episode, Huey shows his grandfather footage of the animated Zatoichi in action, comparing Stinkmeaner to the blind swordsman.
In the 2006 movie Devil's Den, the main characters, while being trapped in the strip club by female ghouls, have a fantasy scenario of how Zatoichi would deal with the ghouls himself.
The Italian heavy metal band Holy Martyr released a song titled "Zatoichi" on their 2011 album Invincible, based on the character. The cover artwork of Invincible depicts Zatoichi in combat against two rival warriors.
In the 2007 American exploitation horror film Death Proof, Jungle Julia calls Stuntman Mike "Zatoichi" sarcastically when he fails to notice a billboard. Mike responds with a wide grin similar to Zatoichi's.
In the 2013 online co-op game Warframe, there is a katana stance called "Blind Justice", which causes the katana to be held in reverse grip. Its first attack combination is called "Zatos' Creed", all of them being references to Zatoichi.
In the long-running manga animated series One Piece, the minor character and marine Admiral Fujitora is based upon Zatoichi.
The character of Zatoichi also finds homage in 2016's Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, where Chinese actor Donnie Yen appears as Chirrut Îmwe, a blind transient wanderer who is secretly a highly skilled warrior who believes in, and has a connection with, the Force. The Jedi characters Rahm Kota and Kanan Jarrus also draw inspiration from the character.
In 2017, a short eight-minute fictitious sci-fi film trailer entitled ZVP - Zatoichi vs Predator, produced, written and directed by Junya Okabe as a nonprofit fan film starring Shun Sugata as Zatoichi was released by Blast Inc. and made available on Youtube.  A very special team of villains attack and kill a group of samurai comic book style, until a mysterious samurai appears to defeat them. He is revealed to be a Predator and Zatoichi will face him with a Star Wars-style Jedi Knight lightsaber. A making-of video was also available.


Moama Historic Precinct

The Moama Historic Precinct is a heritage-listed former Aboriginal land, public space, wharf and river wharves and now public space at Hunt Street, Moama, Murray River Council, New South Wales, Australia. It includes the Echuca - Moama Bridge and the Echuca Wharf on the Victorian side of the river. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999.

History
Prior to European occupation the Aboriginal inhabitants of the Echuca/Moama area were the Jodajoda. The Yorta Yorta was a language group, the members of which it occupied the area around Echuca to Cobram and south to Shepparton. They were alternatively known as the Bangarang (Bangerang). The present-day Aboriginal inhabitants of traditional Yorta Yorta land refer to themselves as the Yorta Yorta Nation.

Early European exploration in the Echuca/Moama region
The Murray and Campaspe rivers have been of major importance to the development of the Echuca-Moama region. The area came to the attention of European colonists in the late 1830s as pastoralists drove cattle and sheep inland along these major rivers in search of grazing land. In early 1838 Hawdon and Bonney passed through Echuca in the vicinity of present-day Radcliffe St, and provided some of the earliest descriptions of the land and Aboriginal inhabitants of Echuca before crossing the Campaspe south of present-day Rotary Park. Charles Sturt followed their route in mid-1838. By 1841, pastoral holdings had been established north along the Campaspe River to its junction with the Murray and on both sides of the Murray River.

1840s - 50s - Pastoralists. John Maiden and the development of Moama
The pastoral boom of the 1840s and early 50s required vast herds of sheep and cattle to be moved overland to markets. The Moama area became known as a desirable place to cross the Murray due to the slope of the riverbanks at this point, and the fact that it was the shortest distance to Melbourne from the Murray. In 1842, James Maiden and his wife were two of the first residents on the NSW side of the Murray, living at Perricoota Station, where Maiden was superintendent. Maiden took full advantage of the huge volume of traffic heading to meat and wool markets in Melbourne by establishing a settlement at present-day Moama.

In 1844 he built a punt across the Murray, soon replaced with a larger one in 1845, one mile east of present-day Moama. In 1846 he established the Junction Inn near his punt, providing accommodation, liquor and stabling for those waiting to cross the river. Maiden became rich from the volume of traffic as well as his cattle dealings. A small settlement, owned largely by Maiden, grew up around the river crossing. In 1846 a mail service to "Maiden's Punt" commenced; John Maiden was at this time punt owner, innkeeper, postmaster and cattle dealer.

In 1851 Maiden's Punt became known officially as Moama. The Bendigo gold rush in the early 1850s increased the demand for meat. Maiden established slaughteryards on Perricoota station, and by 1854, Moama was the largest cattle market outside Melbourne. James Maiden had become owner of Perricoota station and was regarded as a millionaire. However, in the mid 1850s the cattle market crashed, and James Maiden's fortunes (and Moama) entered a period of decline. In 1861 Maiden sold off all his holdings and left the area. The remains of the Junction Inn are located in Chanter St.

1850s - Hopwood and the development of Echuca
During the 1840s, Echuca did not exist. James Maiden held a monopoly over river crossings and his settlement in NSW in Moama. Henry Hopwood arrived near Moama in 1849. He attempted to establish a rival punt and various enterprises on the banks of the Murray but encountered such strong opposition from squatters that in 1852 he was "chased out" of NSW and moved to a pastoral holding across the river in Victoria.

With the Victorian goldfields creating demand for meat and transport, Hopwood competed directly with Maiden for a monopoly over river crossing trade, and was quoted as vowing to "put Moama in the Murray". He proceeded to establish a small settlement on the Victorian side of the river, known for a short time as "Hopwoods ferry" before being surveyed as Echuca in 1854. Between 1854 and 1857 Hopwood established a punt, inn, two stores, two smiths, a doctor and a bakery to cater for travellers and residents. As the cattle market crashed and the fortunes of Maiden and other squatters declined in NSW, Hopwoods influence in Victoria grew. In 1859 he built a pontoon bridge and the grand "Bridge Hotel" to garner the increasing coach traffic from Melbourne. Hopwood remained an influential figure until the development of other transport technologies.

1860s -1880s Echuca - transport, sawmilling and agriculture
The introduction of steamboats in 1853 and the completion of the Melbourne-Echuca railway line in 1864 saw Echuca became a major transport and sawmilling centre. Both steamers and railroads required wood in the form of fuel or sleepers, and so the logging of redgum forests surrounding Echuca-Moama also became a major source of employment. The settlement of Echuca spread to Echuca East, where most sawmilling was concentrated, and south along the major highways. There was also commercial and residential expansion along the railway line.

By 1872 the Port of Echuca was the centre of a trade network involving the transport of wool and other goods by steamer and then by train to markets. After this time, however, the spread of railway construction across Victoria eroded the commercial viability of river transport. In 1875 construction began on the iron rail and road bridge which crosses the Murray today. The Shinbone Alley settlement, home to many of the construction workers, flourished in the Banyule Forest east of the bridge. The bridge was complete in 1878, but remained unopened until the 1879 "Bridge Riot" when residents opened the bridge themselves. The steamer trade declined slowly from this time onwards.

Between 1877 and 1881 the profitable redgum sawmilling industry in Echuca declined drastically. In an attempt to regulate the massive deforestation of redgum forests, the Victorian government introduced a heavy tax on redgum in 1877. By 1878, 1000 people were unemployed in Echuca, and although the tax was repealed in 1881, most of the redgum trade had already been lost to mills in NSW which were not subject to the tax. This had a large impact on the settlements of Echuca East, which were closely tied to the sawmilling industry. In 1881 the Murray River Sawmills company was formed when several sawmillers banded together to keep their industry going. A sawmill still operates in Echuca today under the same name and on the same site. Logging of redgum has continued ever since although at substantially reduced levels.

The 1860s saw the establishment of market gardening as an industry in the Echuca - Moama area. The first Chinese market gardeners arrived in Echuca in 1865, and in 1887 there were 10 gardens supplying the Echuca area with fresh vegetables as well as growing tomatoes for the tomato processing industry. Land selectors also took up land to the south and west of Echuca during the 1870s.

Developments occurred more slowly across the river at Moama. In 1870 the settlement was completely inundated by a huge flood, and most of its 40 buildings were swept away. However the town was rebuilt, and the population increased around the settlement due to the subdivision of pastoral properties under Land Selection Acts, and the opening of the Deniliquin-Moama railway line in 1875.

1880s to World War 1
In 1881 the population of Echuca was 4789, and Moama 700. Both centres declined slightly over the next 3 decades as a result of economic and technological changes. In addition to the decline of the port and sawmilling industries, the economic depression of the 1890s reduced the volume of goods passing through Echuca. Established trades such as blacksmith, wheelwright, coachbuilder and saddler all declined in importance with increasing popularity of motorised transport after 1910. The loss of a large number of males from the population from 1914 onwards meant that the river transport and sawmilling industries would never be revived.

However, agriculture and dairying in the surrounding district took on greater importance with the subdivision of land for farm allotments. In 1894, Echuca Village was established under the Victorian government's Village Settlement Scheme, which was designed to ease poverty caused by the depression. Settlers were given the opportunity to acquire freehold land if conditions regarding payment and land usage were met. Despite individual failures, the village persisted and by the 1920s had become a productive farming area. In 1906 closer settlement schemes brought many small farmers to the districts south and west of Echuca. Chinese market gardeners continued to flourish in the area, and production of fruit and vegetables peaked in the period prior to WWI.

The interwar period - continued agricultural development
Echuca-Moama began to revive economically in the 1920s after returned soldiers arrived to take up farming or open businesses. Dairying continued to develop south and west of Echuca. The population north-west of Moama increased with the opening of a railway line to Balranald. Echuca remained a commercial centre throughout the depression of the 1930s, when rabbiting became a major source of support for many families. Market gardening was continued by Spanish immigrants and a few remaining Chinese gardeners, despite the White Australia Policy that resulted in a decline in the number of Chinese immigrants permitted to enter Australia.

Post World War 2 - manufacturing and tourism
During World War II Echuca East was revived economically with the construction of an ordnance factory and housing for workers. This continued post WW2 when the factory was bought by the United Bearing Corporation. After WW2, returned soldiers again boosted the economy through house construction, establishing businesses or farms. Agricultural and dairy industries continued to support a flour mill, butter factory and tomato processing plant.

The Port of Echuca wharf was partly demolished in 1944, but with increasing development and modernisation away from the old Echuca district in the 1950s and 1960s, some residents developed an appreciation of Echuca's history. Plans to restore the Port of Echuca were developed in the 1960s and completed in 1974. From the mid-1970s to the present, tourism has become a major industry in Echuca-Moama. The restoration of steamboats as part of the tourism industry continued in Echuca, and in Moama landscape and restoration works were undertaken at Horseshoe Lagoon and the wharf. The economic boom of the 1980s saw continued building and commercial developments in both Echuca and Moama.

Description
The Moama Historic Precinct includes the Echuca Road/Rail bridge and the Echuca Wharf facing it downstream. The area was once the site of Chinese market gardens, houses, a saw mill, a thriving ship building business and one of the busiest boat slips on the Murray River.

The land is now open red gum forest with minimal use, but there are still remains of the boat slip and associated machinery and the hulks of two large river barges lie nearby.

Heritage listing

Moama Historic Precinct was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

The Moama Historic precinct, including the Echuca Rail/Road bridge and the Echuca Wharf demonstrates pivotal technological changes in the transportation of Australia's produce.


2010 California State Treasurer election

The 2010 California Secretary of State election was held on November 2, 2010, to choose the State Treasurer of California. The primary election was held on June 8, 2010. Democratic Incumbent Bill Lockyer won reelection.

Candidates
The following were certified by the California Secretary of State as candidates in the primary election for State Treasurer. Candidates who won their respective primaries and qualified for the general election are shown in bold.

American Independent
 Robert Lauten

Democratic
 Bill Lockyer, incumbent State Treasurer

Green
 Charles "Kit" Crittenden, retired professor

Libertarian
 Edward Teyssier, business owner/attorney

Peace and Freedom
 Debra L. Reiger, retired technology manager

Republican
 Mimi Walters, state senator

Primary results

General results


Eurasia Drilling Company Limited

Eurasia Drilling Company Limited is a Publicly Traded retail company in Russia. Eurasia Drilling Company is Offshore & Onshore oil drilling services company.

History
In December 2004, Eurasia Drilling was formed after acquisition of onshore drilling business of LUKOIL. In 2006, Eurasia Drilling entered into offshore drilling business as well acquiring the offshore drilling business of LUKOIL.

The company is listed in the London Stock Exchange.


Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong

Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong () is a five-star hotel building in the Sun Hung Kai Properties-owned International Finance Centre complex in Central, Hong Kong. It was completed and opened in September 2005. It is a 45-storey building with 399 rooms, of which 54 are suites, and also contains 519 residential units, as part of the Four Seasons Place (). It is operated by Canadian-based hotel chain, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts.

During 2017, the New York Times reported that Chinese-Canadian Xiao Jianhua was abducted from this hotel and taken to mainland China.

Guest rooms and suites
The hotel has 399 guest rooms and suites. There are two styles of guest room - Western contemporary, with silk-paneled walls and marble-floored entry foyers, and rooms with a traditional Chinese influence, featuring sculpted furnishings and gold leaf. The hotel does not have floors numbered 13, 14, 24, 34 or 44.

Dining facilities
Fine dining facilities include Michelin-starred  Cantonese restaurant Lung King Heen and the French restaurant Caprice. Received in the guide's inaugural 2009 Hong Kong and Macau edition under Chef de cuisine Chan Yan-tak, Four Seasons Hotel Hong Kong became the first hotel in the world to hold a Chinese restaurant with the maximum of three stars. For 7 years consecutively, Lung King Heen has continued to retain the accolade. Both restaurants were awarded three Michelin stars in Michelin Guide Hong Kong Macau 2019.

Awards
On 11 February 2015, Forbes Travel Guide awarded the hotel a five-star rating.


Helena Antipoff

Helena Wladimirna Antipoff (25 March 1892 – 9 August 1974) was a Russian-born Brazilian psychologist. Born in Grodno in what is now Belarus to an aristocratic family, they moved from the Russian Empire to Paris due to increasing social unrest. While there, Antipoff earned a Bachelor's Degree from the University of Sorbonne in 1911 and interned under Théodore Simon in Alfred Binet's laboratory. Antipoff spent the next four years at the Jean-Jacques Rousseau Institute to study under Édouard Claparède, graduating with a degree in educational psychology. While there, she became a proponent of the active school style of education, focusing on autonomous learning for students.

Antipoff moved back to Russia in 1916 to take care of her father, who had been injured in World War I. She stayed in Russia until 1924, marrying Victor Iretzky and having a son, Daniel Iretzky Antipoff, during that time. In 1924, she published an article about the cognitive abilities in children, which the Soviet regime claimed was trying to push upper-class superiority; the family fled to Germany the following year as a result. In 1929, after continuing to study with Claparède and after her and her husband separated, Antipoff was invited to teach as a new Teachers College in Belo Horizonte, which she accepted. Her contract was renewed after the initial two years, and she stayed there until 1937. Her contributions to the college included founding the Pestalozzi Society, which was a collaboration between doctors, philanthropists, and others to treat children with mental disabilities.

After her tenure at the Teachers College ended, Antipoff remained in Brazil, and began to work with children in more rural areas, and founded the Fazenda do Rosário (Rosary Farm), which worked with abandoned children with mental disabilities, combining cultivating and farm work along with education. She also taught Educational Psychology at the Federal University of Minas Gerais after becoming a Brazilian citizen in 1952. After her death in 1974, the Helena Antipoff Foundation was established, which continues her work. Minas Gerais Governor Milton Campos said of her and of the foundation: "She planted ten thousand seeds in our wilderness. All teachers and students whose lives she touched will now continue her work."


Wincheap

Wincheap is a road and suburb in Canterbury, Kent, England. The road forms part of the A28 road, stretching for around  from the city wall, close by Canterbury East railway station, to the over-crossing of the A2 and the parish of Thanington Without.

History
There are two theories about the name: either it comes from the Saxon Wenchiape, a wine market, or from Weychep from the old English Waegnceap, indicating a wagon market.

Wincheap originated as an ancient trackway to the east of the River Stour. In Roman Britain it was used for communication between Canterbury and the iron works in the Weald. The modern street was established by the early 13th century; the name is recorded starting in 1226. Wincheap Gate, since demolished, was one of the entrances in the city walls. A timber market was held halfway along Wincheap in the 13th century, while an annual cherry fair took place on Wincheap Green until the early 19th century. The green was destroyed during construction of the Canterbury Ring Road in the 1960s.

Since 1996, most of Wincheap from the railway bridge to the A2 bypass has been marked as a conservation area by the city council. There is a petrol station halfway along the road, which has been criticised for having a negative effect on the area.

Properties

Nos. 50-52 were constructed in the 18th century and were originally a single house. They are three stories high and constructed of red brick. They were Grade II listed in 1973.

Wincheap House at No. 74 was constructed in the 16th century. Originally a timber-framed building, it was extensively rebuilt in the 18th century, though the overhang of the top two floors was retained, as was the 16-panelled front door. The premises was Grade II listed in 1949.

Nos. 96-116 date from the early 18th century, and are a group of two-storey brick houses that are a mixture of painted, stuccoed and roughcast, included hipped tiled roofs. They were Grade II listed in 1973.

Nos. 160-164 are a terrace of early 19th century red brick houses. No. 160 has a more decorative door than the others. The terrace was Grade II listed in 1973.

The Thanington Hotel is at No 140. It dates from the early 19th century and is a three-storey building rendered with cement. It was Grade II listed in 1967 along with Nos. 126-136.

The King's Head Inn at Nos. 198-204 Wincheap was established around the early 15th century and is believed to be the city's oldest continuously trading inn. The timber-framed exterior was re-fronted in the 18th century, preserving the overhang of the first floor. The building includes a tile-hung rear elevation. It was Grade II listed in 1967.

The Wincheap non-Confirmist Burial Ground sits alongside the King's Head on the west side of Wincheap. It was established in 1849 and contains 281 graves; the last burial occurred in 1962. It was restored in 1997 and financed by the National Lottery Heritage Fund.

Nos. 268-274 form a terrace of red brick houses. They were constructed in 1771.

The Hospital of St James by Canterbury was based at the southern edge of Wincheap where the road meets Thanington. It was established in the 12th century for female lepers, and maintained by three priests. It survived the dissolution of similar hospitals during the reign of Henry VIII, and closed on 28 February 1551 under the reign of Edward VI. All premises and all possessions were surrendered to the crown.

The Thanington Pumping Station was based at the edge of the conservation area at the southeast part of Wincheap. It opened in 1869 and was designed by Samuel Collett Homersham. It was demolished in the 1990s and replaced with a small retail park.

A telephone box at the north end of Wincheap by the railway bridge was Grade II listed in 1989. It was built in 1935 by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and constructed from cast iron.


Mosaic (Eastern Rebellion album)

Mosaic is an album by Eastern Rebellion, led by pianist Cedar Walton, recorded in 1990 and released by the MusicMasters label in 1992.

Reception

AllMusic reviewer Stephen Cook stated "Driven by Walton's provocative and involved accompaniment, Moore ably displays his lithe and tart horn work  ... A fine addition to any straight-ahead jazz collection". On All About Jazz Terrell Kent Holmes wrote "These stellar players combine to produce an album that is almost effortless in its excellence. The interplay throughout Mosaic is a pleasure to hear".

Track listing
All compositions by Cedar Walton except where noted
 "Sunflower" (Freddie Hubbard) – 9:25
 "John's Blues" – 7:43
 "I'll Let You Know" – 1:53
 "Mosaic" – 6:28
 "One for Kel" (David Williams) – 2:21
 "My Old Flame" (Sam Coslow, Arthur Johnston) – 7:52
 "I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face" (Frederick Loewe, Alan Jay Lerner) – 5:57
 "Shoulders" – 2:54
 "Josephine"  (Ralph Moore) – 4:11
 "My One and Only Love" (Guy Wood, Robert Mellin) – 2:52
 "Bittersweet" (Sam Jones) – 5:34

Personnel
Cedar Walton – piano
Ralph Moore – tenor saxophone
David Williams – bass
Billy Higgins – drums


Multi-objective linear programming

Multi-objective linear programming is a subarea of mathematical optimization. A multiple objective linear program (MOLP) is a linear program with more than one objective function. An MOLP is a special case of a vector linear program. Multi-objective linear programming is also a subarea of Multi-objective optimization.

Problem formulation
In mathematical terms, a MOLP can be written as:

where  is an  matrix,  is a  matrix,  is an -dimensional vector with components in ,  is an -dimensional vector with components in ,  is an -dimensional vector with components in ,  is an -dimensional vector with components in

Solution concepts
A feasible point  is called efficient if there is no feasible point  with , , where  denotes the component-wise ordering.

Often in the literature, the aim in multiple objective linear programming is to compute the set of all efficient extremal points..... There are also algorithms to determine the set of all maximal efficient faces . Based on these goals, the set of all efficient (extreme) points can seen to be the solution of MOLP. This type of solution concept is called decision set based. It is not compatible with an optimal solution of a linear program but rather parallels the set of all optimal solutions of a linear program (which is more difficult to determine).

Efficient points are frequently called efficient solutions. This term is misleading because a single efficient point can be already obtained by solving one linear program, such as the linear program with the same feasible set and the objective function being the sum of the objectives of MOLP.

More recent references consider outcome set based solution concepts and corresponding algorithms. Assume MOLP is bounded, i.e. there is some  such that  for all feasible . A solution of MOLP is defined to be a finite subset  of efficient points that carries a sufficient amount of information in order to describe the upper image of MOLP. Denoting by  the feasible set of MOLP, the upper image of MOLP is the set . A formal definition of a solution  is as follows:

A finite set  of efficient points is called solution to MOLP if
 ("conv" denotes the convex hull).

If MOLP is not bounded, a solution consists not only of points but of points and directions

Solution methods

Multiobjective variants of the simplex algorithm are used to compute decision set based solutions and objective set based solutions.

Objective set based solutions can be obtained by Benson's algorithm.

Related problem classes

Multiobjective linear programming is equivalent to polyhedral projection.


Konami GX400

Konami GX400 is an arcade system board by Konami that made its debut in 1985.

Nemesis specifications
Main CPU: Motorola 68000 @ 9.216 MHz
Sound CPU: Zilog Z80
Sound Chip: 2x AY-3-8910 PSG or YM2151, VLM5030 and K005289

List of Konami GX400 games
Black Panther (1987)
City Bomber (1987)
Galactic Warriors (1985)
Gradius (video game) (1985)
Hyper Crash (1987)
Konami GT (1985)
Nyan Nyan Panic (1988)
Salamander (1986)
TwinBee (1985)


Hochgrat

Hochgrat is a 1834 m high summit of the Allgäu Alps, highest mountain of the Nagelfluhkette (group of mountains consisting of conglomerate) and part of nature park Nagelfluhkette.

External links

 Staufner Haus of German Alpine Club Oberstaufen-Lindenberg
 German Alpine Club Oberstaufen-Lindenberg
 Hochgrat cable car (with webcam)
 360° Panorama view of Hochgrat


Intellectum

Intellectum is a biannual academic journal that was established in 2006 by the non-profit Intellectum scientific society.  It is a member of the Eurozine network. The hard-copy publication is in Greek, while the online edition is bilingual, with many articles and interviews translated in English. The editor-in-chief is Victor Tsilonis.

Interviews include the former chief prosecutor of International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, Carla Del Ponte, political scientist Ernesto Laclau, philosopher David S. Oderberg,  forensic anthropologist Sue Black,  Scottish writer Paul Johnston, poet Haris Vlavianos,  professor of communication studies Richard Katula,  professor of international criminal law and human rights William Schabas,  writer Panos Theodorides, and journalist Stelios Kouloglou.


Ernest Reid

Ernest Gordon Reid was the Archdeacon of Hastings from 1938 until 1956.

Reid was from Cuckfield; educated at Harrow School, Pembroke College, Oxford; and Wells Theological College; and ordained deacon in 1909, and priest in 1910. After a curacy at St Anthony, Stepney he was Chaplain of Oxford House, Bethnal Green, 1912 then Vicar of St Peter's in the same area. He was Rector of Sedlescombe with Whatlington from 1920 to 1926; and Vicar of Holy Trinity, Hastings from 1926 to 1938.
He died on Christmas Day 1966.


4FFF N618

4FFF N618 is a discontinued electronic-book reader developed by an Indian Company, Condor Technology Associates, and based on a Linux platform. The device is sold under various brand names worldwide.

Features
4FFF N618 provides a 16 levels of grayscale SiPix touchscreen display for viewing digital content. Pages are turned using the buttons on the device. The N618 connects to the internet through an available Wi-Fi connections.
Users can read books without a wireless connection: disconnecting the wireless connection can prolong the battery's charge for up to 29 days.

Specifications
The Display is an electronic paper touchscreen from SiPix with 800×600 pixels (4:3) on 6 inch (167 ppi density) and 16 levels of grayscale.
 CPU
 Samsung 2416 ARM9 @ 400 MHz
 OS
 Linux 2.6.23
 Memory
 128 MB (MDDR)
 2 GB (NAND)
 External microSD/microSDHC (up to 16 GB)
 Connectivity
 Wi-Fi b/g
 microUSB high speed
 audio jack
 Miscellaneous
 1530 mAh, 3.7 V
 240 gram
 Reading mode
 10.000 pages (Wi-Fi off)
 3.000 pages (Wi-Fi on)
 Stand by mode: 700 hours

Formats supported
 Text
 ePUB
 HTML
 PDF
 RTF
 TXT
 Picture
 BMP
 JPEG
 PNG
 Audio
 MP3

Sold as
The device is sold worldwide under various brand names.
 Asia
 India: eGriver Touch

 Europe
 France: OYO (as released in October 2010 by Medion, chapitre.com/Direct Group Bertelsmann)
 Germany, Austria, Switzerland: OYO (Medion, Thalia)
 Switzerland: ImCoSys ereader
 Italy: DeVo eVreader
 Netherlands: ProMedia eBook Reader; Icarus Sense E650SR; OYO (Medion, Selexyz)
 Poland: OYO (Medion, Empik)
 Spain: Nvsbl L337 / Booq Avant / Papyre 6.2
 Russia: Mr. Book, One-XT, Айчиталка
 Bulgaria: Prestigio PER5062B
 Turkey: Reeder Reeder2
Across Europe available as:
 Icarus Sense

 Middle East
 Israel: E-vrit

 North America
 Canada: Pandigital Novel 6" Personal eReader
 United States: Qisda QD060B00 / Pandigital Novel 6" Personal eReader

 South America
 Brazil: Positivo Alfa (not supports any audio file)

Modification
Being that the hardware utilizes Linux-based software it can be changed or improved to their heart's content. The firmware is labeled as “QT Software” and varies from vendor to vendor. The upgrade contains multiple image files with the extension of img, along with other system files.

Flashing to upgrade the firmware can be taken advantage of as it does not seem to check if the version that is being installed is older. Due to this, using firmware made by the other vendors on the model each sold in particular is possible.

Dual-boot
The devices seem to contain a native dual-boot capability. When a device specific key combination is pressed during power-on any linux-kernel + ramdisk combination is booted from the sd-card.


Administrative divisions of Moldavia

Ţinut (pl. ţinuturi; sometimes translated in English as region, district or municipality) were the traditional subdivision of the Principality of Moldavia (1359-1859).

Principality of Moldavia (late 14th century - 1859)

Lower Country (Ţara de Jos)

Iaşi County
Cârligătura County (later merged with Iaşi County)
Roman County
Vaslui County
Tutova County

Bârlad County (later merged with Tutova County)
Tecuci County
Horincea County (later merged with Covurlui County)
Covurlui County
Putna County

Adjud County (later merged with Putna County)
Fălciu County
Soroca County
Orhei County
Lăpuşna County

Upper Country (Ţara de Sus)

Hotin County
Cernăuți County
Dorohoi County

Suceava County
Neamţ County
Hârlău County (later Botoşani County)

Bacău County
Trotuş County (later merged with Bacău County)

Historic Bessarabia (Basarabia)

Cetatea Albă County
Chilia County

Tigheciu County
Tighina County

Southern Bessarabia (Sudul Basarabiei)

Cahul County
Bolgrad County
Ismail County


Jim Young (St. Finbarr's hurler)

Jim Young was an Irish sportsperson. He played hurling with his local club St. Finbarr's and was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team from 1893 until 1894.

Playing career

Club
Young played his club hurling with the famous St. Finbarr's club and enjoyed much success throughout the first decade of club activity in Cork.  He won a county senior championship title with 'the Barr's' in 1899.

Inter-county
Young first came to prominence on the inter-county scene with Cork as part of the Blackrock selection in 1893.  He missed Cork's Munster final triumph, however, he was included on the team for the subsequent All-Ireland final meeting with Kilkenny.  Cork won the game on probably the most unsuitable playing field in hurling history.  After someone had neglected to get the grass cut at Ashtown, both teams moved to the Phoenix Park where the game took place.  A 6–8 to 0–2 victory gave Young an All-Ireland title.

For a second consecutive year in 1894 Young was selected for championship duty with Cork.  An easy 3–4 to 1–2 defeat of Tipperary in the provincial decider gave him a Munster winners' title. For the second time in three years Dublin provided the opposition in the subsequent All-Ireland final.  The game turned into an absolute rout as Cork won easily bu 5–20 to 2–0.  With that Young captured a second consecutive All-Ireland winners' medal.  It was his last game with the Cork hurling team.

Honours

St. Finbarr's
Cork Senior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 1899

Cork
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 1893, 1894
Munster Senior Hurling Championship:
Winner (1): 1894

Sources
 Corry, Eoghan, The GAA Book of Lists (Hodder Headline Ireland, 2005).
 Cronin, Jim, A Rebel Hundred: Cork's 100 All-Ireland Titles.
 Donegan, Des, The Complete Handbook of Gaelic Games (DBA Publications Limited, 2005).


2015–16 South Dakota Coyotes women's basketball team

The 2015–16 South Dakota Coyotes women's basketball represented University of South Dakota in the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Coyotes, led by fourth-year head by Amy Williams, played their home games at the DakotaDome and were members of Summit League. They finished the season 32–6, 15–1 in Summit League play to win the Summit League regular season title. They advanced to the championship of the Summit League Women's Tournament where they lost to their in-state rival South Dakota State. They received an automatic trip to the Women's National Invitation Tournament, where they advanced to the championship game, defeating Florida Gulf Coast.

On April 11, 2016, Amy Williams resigned her position at South Dakota to accept the head coaching position at Nebraska. She finished at South Dakota with a 4-year record of 96–44.

This was the final season for South Dakota women's basketball at the DakotaDome. The Coyotes women's basketball, men's basketball, and women's volleyball teams now play in the Sanford Coyote Sports Center, which opened in August 2016.

Roster

Schedule

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#E34234; color:#FFFFFF;"| Non-conference regular season

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#E34234; color:#FFFFFF;"| The Summit League regular season

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#E34234; color:#FFFFFF;"| The Summit League Women's Tournament

|-
!colspan=9 style="background:#E34234; color:#FFFFFF;"| WNIT

Rankings


Orachrysops lacrimosa

Orachrysops lacrimosa, the restless blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. It is found in South Africa, where it is known from the KwaZulu-Natal midlands to the eastern part of the Orange Free State and Mpumalanga.

The wingspan is 32–44 mm for males and 32–40 mm for females. Adults are on wing from October to December, although the exact time depends on the spring rains. There is one generation per year.

The larvae feed on Indigofera species.


Guy R. Pelton

Guy Ray Pelton (August 3, 1824 – July 24, 1890) was a U.S. Representative to the thirty-fourth Congress from New York.  Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, he was the second son of Joseph Kneeland Pelton and his wife Harriet Ray. He attended the public schools and Sedgwick Institution in Great Barrington, Mass., the Connecticut Literary Institute in Suffield, Connecticut, and Oberlin College.  He studied law at Kinderhook, N.Y.  He was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in New York City in 1851 with his older brother, Timothy Dwight Pelton, in the law firm of G.R. & T.D. Pelton, at 167 Broadway.  He was a member of the Union League Club.

A Whig, Pelton was elected as an Opposition Party candidate to the Thirty-fourth Congress (March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857) from New York City.  During that time he served on the Committee of Commerce.  He declined a second nomination for reelection in 1856 to the Thirty-fifth Congress.

On July 24, 1890, on his way home to Massachusetts from Alaska with his second wife, Angelina Scoville Pelton, Pelton died in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, while climbing Mary Mountain.  He was interred in Mahaiwe Cemetery, Great Barrington, Massachusetts.


Alexander Maitland (Michigan politician)

Alexander Maitland (June 20, 1844 – January 1, 1929) was a lieutenant governor in the US state of Michigan from 1903 to 1906.

Early and family life

Maitland was born in Kilmarnock, Scotland, in 1844, to James and Barbara (Kerr) Maitland. In 1856, the family moved to Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, then later to Hastings County, Ontario, where they engaged in farming. Maitland began his schooling in Scotland, and continued it while working on the family farm. In 1862, he moved to Galt, Ontario, for work, and then immigrated to the United States in 1864. He settled in Negaunee, Michigan, working for the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad. Maitland married Caroline V. Sterling on June 10, 1874, from Utica, New York. The couple had five children: Alexander F., Katherine, Leslie M., Harvey K. and Rena. Maitland was a member of the Freemasons and his wife a member of the Order of the Eastern Star.

Employment

He later served as general manager of the Iron Cliffs Mining Company and the mining division of Republic Iron and Steel Company, and supervisor for the Cambra and Lillie Mining Company. Maitland later served as president of the Black River Mining Company, the North Lake Mineral Land Company and the First National Bank of Negaunee, as well as holding stock in several other banks. He is considered one of the pioneer settlers of Michigan's Upper Peninsula.

Public service

Maitland was first elected as county surveyor, where he served two terms, and then mayor of his home town, where he served three terms. In 1896, he was elected as the state senator for his district, and later won a second term. He was elected lieutenant governor in 1902, under Governor Aaron T. Bliss, and again in 1904, under Governor Fred M. Warner. Maitland and both governors with whom he served were affiliated with the Republican Party.


Dorcas Hoar

Dorcas Hoar (née Galley; 1634 July 12, 1711) was a widow accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials of 1692, found guilty and condemned to hang, but then confessed and with the support of several ministers, was given a temporary reprieve after which the trials had already ended.

Born Dorcas Galley in Beverly, Essex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, daughter of John and Florence Galley, she married William Hoar and was the mother of one son, named for his father and 2 daughters. Her sisters were Mary Ross and Elizabeth Giles. A fortune teller and accused burglar, it appeared inevitable she would be named as a witch. She was ordered arrested on April 30, 1692 by magistrates John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin, after Jonathan Walcott and Thomas Putnam of Salem Village had made complaints that Hoar, Phillip English of Salem, and Sarah Murrell, also of Beverly, had afflicted Mary Walcott, Mercy Lewis, Abigail Williams, Ann Putnam, Jr., Elizabeth Hubbard and Susannah Sheldon. Marshal George Herrick delivered Hoar and Murrell to Ingersoll's tavern in Salem Village on May 2, but was unable to locate English, who had fled Salem.

While imprisoned awaiting trial, Hoar confessed to acts of witchcraft to John Lovett, III, son of John Jr. and Bethiah (née Rootes) Lovett. John was visiting his own grandmother, Susannah Rootes, who had also been accused of witchcraft and was awaiting trial. Jonathan testified to this confession at Hoar's trial; she was found guilty.

Rev. Deodat Lawson wrote of her, "only one Woman Condemned, after the Death Warrant was signed, freely Confessed, which occasioned her Reprieval for sometime; and it was observable, This Woman had one Lock of Hair, of a very great length, viz. Four Foot and Seven Inches long, by measure, this Lock was of a different colour from all the rest, (which was short and grey) it grew on the hinder part of her Head, and was matted together like an Elf-Lock; the Court ordered it to be cut off, to which she was very unwilling, and said, she was told if it were cut off, she should Dye, or be Sick, yet the Court ordered it so to be."

Actress Jean Smart was revealed to be a direct descendant of Dorcas Hoar on the sixth episode of the ninth season of the American genealogy documentary series Who Do You Think You Are?


Madian, Anhui

Madian () is a town under the administration of Huoqiu County, Anhui, China. , it has 12 villages under its administration.


State Route 39 Alternate (Virginia)

REDIRECT Virginia State Route 39#SR 39 Alternate


The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Moldova (MFAEI) () is one of the nine ministries of the Government of Moldova.

History of the office
The ministry was established on 1 February 1944, as the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs of the Moldavian SSR. It would later be renamed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the MSSR on 27 March 1946. The ministry was converted into its current form on 31 August 1989. According to Constitution of Moldova (1994), the structure of the Government is determined by organic law. The office of Foreign Minister is one of the most high-profile positions in the Government of Moldova.

Structure
The following subdivisions are part of the MFAEI:

State Diplomatic Protocol (SDP)
Press Service
European Integration Directorate
Section for Political Cooperation with the European Union
Section for Economic and Sectoral Cooperation
Regional Cooperation Section
Directorate for Bilateral Cooperation
Western, Central and South Eastern Europe Section
North and South America Section
Asia, Africa, Middle and Pacific Section
Eastern Europe and Central Asia Section
Economic Diplomacy Service
Multilateral Cooperation Directorate
UN Section and Specialized Agencies Section
NATO Section and Political-Military Cooperation Section
Council of Europe and Human Rights Section
OSCE and International Security Section
Directorate of International Law
Multilateral Treatment Section
Bilateral Section
Legal Affairs Section
Consular Business Directory
Consular Relations Section
Consular Section
Public Relations Department
Policy Analysis, Monitoring and Evaluation Sectuin
Internal Audit Service
Special Problems Service
Directorate for Institutional Management
Document Management Section and State Diplomatic Archives
Budget and Finance Section
Human Resources Section
Information and Communication Technology Service
Diplomatic Institute

Duties
 Ensures the sovereign rights of the Republic of Moldova in international relations.
 Promotes Moldova's foreign policy in relations with other states and international organizations.
 Informs the President, Parliament and Government on major international events, and make proposals on Moldova's position towards them.
 Negotiates on behalf of the Republic of Moldova and participate in negotiating treaties and international agreements.
 Directs and controls the activity of diplomatic missions and consular offices of the Republic of Moldova to other countries and international organizations.
 Analyzes internal and external situation of countries with which Moldova has diplomatic relations, identifies and evaluates development opportunities of trade and economic relations with these countries.
 Cooperates with the central specialized bodies and other structures of government in external economic relations and promotion of the state's unified policy externally.

Office holders


Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky

Prince Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky (), born Devlet-Girei-mırza () (died 1717), was a Russian officer of Circassian origin who led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia.

Background
A Muslim by birth, and the son of one of Kabarda's rulers, Alexander converted to Christianity and joined the Russian service, although the dates and circumstances of these events are not on record. In 1707, he was commissioned by Peter the Great to study navigation in Western Europe, and towards the end of 1711 he was back in Russia. From there, he was sent back to his native Kabarda and persuaded some powerful men there to support the Russian Tsar in his operations against the Ottoman Empire.

Dreaming of Eldorado

Two years later, a Turkmen traveller arrived in Astrakhan and announced to local authorities that the Oxus River, formerly flowing to the Caspian Sea, had been diverted by the Khivans to the Aral Sea in order to extract golden sand from the river waters. Prince Gagarin, who was a local governor at that time, sent his envoys to the Khanate of Khiva in order to verify the fable. They returned with a sack of golden sand, allegedly extracted from the Oxus.

The fable was then given credit, and the Turkmen brought to St. Petersburg. Tsar Peter, informed about the fabulous wealth of Khiva, was desperately in need of gold to proceed with the Great Northern War. On 14 February 1716 a contingent of 7,000 troops was placed under the command of Prince Bekovich-Cherkassky as a Muslim by birth and an expert in the art of warfare.

Bekovich-Cherkassky was commissioned: 1) to survey the river-bed of the Oxus and to report on the possibility of its diversion to the Caspian; 2) to force the Khivan khan into subservience; 3) to erect a chain of fortifications along the Oxus; 4) to send envoys to India in order to establish direct trade with the Mughal Empire.

Khivan disaster

Bekovich-Cherkassky received these orders in Astrakhan, where he was engaged in the surveying work, preparing the first map of the Caspian Sea. He was promoted captain and commanded a preliminary expedition in Turkmenistan. He left some of the Cossacks on his way in order to set up the forts in Krasnovodsk and Alexandrovsk.

Back in Astrakhan by February 1717, Bekovich raised another army and started towards Khiva, together with some engineers and land surveyors. It was many months later that several Tatars returned and brought the appalling news of the catastrophe that befell the Khivan expedition. The newly built forts in Turkmenistan were at once evacuated, and that at considerable loss from inclement weather and Turkmen tribesmen.

What exactly happened with Bekovich-Cherkassky remains a matter of some controversy. According to a few surviving members of his contingent, they advanced to within 120 km from Khiva, when the khan attacked them with a 24,000-strong army. After three days of bloody fighting, the Khivans were routed.

Seeing that the enemy was very numerous, Bekovich-Cherkassky understood that diplomacy had a better chance of success. The Russian officer, accompanied only by 500 of his men, rode into the enemy's camp to propose terms. The khan pretended to surrender to him, welcomed him warmly, persuading him to divide the Russian army to dwell in five separate towns in order to facilitate foraging. The Khivans then attacked the five towns one by one, slaughtering most Russians, selling the others as slaves, and executed all Russian officers including Prince Cherkassky.

Peter the Great did nothing to avenge the defeat since he was still occupied by the war with Sweden, and also by the hostility of the Ottoman Empire. It was more than a century later that the Russian Empire resumed its military expeditions into Central Asia.


2010 U.S. Open Cup qualification

The 2010 U.S. Open Cup tournament proper features teams from the top five levels of the American Soccer Pyramid. These five levels, namely Major League Soccer, the United Soccer Leagues (First Division, Second Division, and Premier Development League), and the United States Adult Soccer Association, each have their own separate qualification process to trim their ranks down to their final team delegations in the months leading up to the start of the tournament proper.

The 2010 Cup will feature 8 teams from the MLS, 9 from the USSF Division 2 (being all 9 US-based teams), all 6 teams from the USL Second Division, 8 teams from the PDL, 8 from USASA, and an additional team resulting from a single match between Sonoma County Sol of the National Premier Soccer League and PSA Los Gatos Storm of US Club Soccer.  The eight clubs from MLS will receive byes into the Third Round.

Tier 1: Major League Soccer (MLS)
The top six MLS clubs in the 2009 standings were given six of the berths into the Third Round while the nine remaining U.S.-based clubs will compete for the final two berths via a playoff.

Bracket

Schedule
Note: Scorelines use the standard U.S. convention of placing the home team on the right-hand side of box scores.

Play-in Round

Qualification Semifinals

Qualification Finals

New York Red Bulls qualify for the Round of 16.

D.C. United qualify for the Round of 16.

Tier 2: USSF D-2 Pro League and Tier 3: USL-2
Due to the reshuffling of teams and the compromise between the United Soccer Leagues and the breakaway North American Soccer League, there are only 6 teams in USL-2 and 9 eligible teams in the newly formed USSF Division 2 Professional League (Montreal Impact, Vancouver Whitecaps FC and Puerto Rico Islanders are not eligible because they are Canadian or Puerto Rican clubs).  All 15 eligible teams will automatically qualify rather than 8 from each league as in years past, leaving an additional slot to be filled .

Tier 4: Premier Development League
PDL eligible clubs (59 of 67) qualify by playing in PDL league matches in April and May that double as US Open Cup qualifying matches.  The team with the best record in those games from each of the eight divisions will advance to the Cup.

The Abbotsford Mariners, Ottawa Fury, Toronto Lynx, Thunder Bay Chill, Vancouver Whitecaps Residency, Victoria Highlanders and Forest City London are not eligible because they are Canadian clubs. Also the Bermuda Hogges is not eligible because it is a Bermudian club.

Tier 5: United States Adult Soccer Association (USASA)
USASA is divided into four geographical regions, each of which will advance two teams to the US Open Cup.  Assuming the continuation of recent seasons' format, the two finalists in each region will be awarded berths.

Region I
Region I represents the northeastern region of the US.  The regional tournament began April 10 and the remaining four teams will compete in the semifinals on May 23.  The two regional finalists will advance to the 2010 US Open Cup.  The quarterfinalists are:

Region II
Region II represents the midwestern region of the US.  The regional tournament began May 1 and the semifinal matches were played May 15.  Both finalists qualified for the 2010 US Open Cup.  The quarterfinalists were:

Region III
Region III represents the southeastern region of the US.  The regional tournament was conducted from May 29 to May 30 at the University of Alabama.  Though it was originally scheduled to feature nine clubs organized into three groups of three followed by an elimination bracket, a lightning storm canceled the first day of games and Brazil Soccer Academy was disqualified for failing to show.  The tournament was reorganized into two groups of four with the winner of each group qualifying for the US Open Cup.

Region IV
Region IV represents the western region of the US.  The regional tournament was conducted from May 21 to May 23 in Sacramento, CA.  An initial eleven teams divided into three groups, each of which played round-robin, and the winner of each group as well as the best performing second place team advanced to a four team bracket.  The two semifinal winners advanced to the regional final as well as the 2010 US Open Cup.

40th place
Due to the 2010 restructuring of the USSF Division 2, only 15 US-based teams were available to take the USL and NASL's non-amateur slots.  On May 5, 2010 the USSF announced that the remaining slot would be allotted to the winner of a game between the Sonoma County Sol and PSA Los Gatos Storm, two California-based clubs in the US Soccer amateur structure.


George in Civvy Street

George in Civvy Street is a 1946 British comedy film directed and produced by Marcel Varnel starring George Formby with Ronald Shiner, and Ian Fleming. It was made by the British subsidiary of Columbia Pictures. This was Formby's last big screen appearance. After the film was unsuccessful at the box office, he resumed his career in the music hall. The working title for the film was "Remember the Unicorn".

Plot summary
This comedy film portrays George Formby leaving the forces and becoming a village pub owner, who works to turn a waitress from her current boss, a rival pub owner. Formby falls in love with the waitress, and various battles ensue between the pub rivals.

Cast
 George Formby as George Harper
 Rosalyn Boulter as Mary Colton
 Ronald Shiner as Fingers
 Ian Fleming as Uncle Shad
 Wally Patch as Sprout
 Philippa Hiatt as Lavender
 Enid Cruickshank as Miss Gummidge
 Robert Ginns as Crabtree
 Mike Johnson as Toby
 Frank Drew  as Jed
 Daphne Elphinstone as Mitzi Montrose
 Johnny Claes as Himself
 Ronnie Scott as Band member
 Rita Varian as Mrs Brindle

Critical reception
 According to TV Guide, the film is "lifeless farce", and a "tasteless romp".
 A reviewer for Sky Movies wrote, "the partnership of music hall favourite George Formby and director Marcel Varnel (who also turned out the best of the Will Hay and Arthur Askey comedies) was looking distinctly jaded after six movies in a row. And despite a formidable array of four new writers, this stale comedy about pub rivalry, ended Formby's screen career on a low note".


Indian Maritime University

The Indian Maritime University (IMU) is a central university in India which deals with a wide range of topics related to the sea, ranging from oceanography to maritime law and history, and including practical topics such as search and rescue at sea and the transportation of dangerous goods. It was established by the Indian Maritime University Act 2008, on 14 November 2008. It has an All-India jurisdiction and the headquarters is at Chennai. It has six campuses in Chennai, Kochi, Kolkata, Mumbai Port, Navi Mumbai, and Visakhapatnam.

Chennai Campus

Indian Maritime University - Chennai Campus, previously known as National Maritime Academy campus is located on the outskirts of Chennai. The campus houses the academic block, hostel, residential and recreational facilities.

The Academy was established in 1985 with the technical assistance from UNDP / UNCTAD. It is credited with ISO 9001:2000 Certification and accredited as grade 1 rating by ICRA. It has modern facilities to conduct training programmes for both port and marine personnel.

IMU Chennai offers the following academic programs:
 B. Sc., in Nautical Science
 B. Tech in Marine Engineering
 Diploma in Nautical Science
 MBA in Port and Shipping Management
 MBA in International Transportation and Logistics Management
 BBA in Logistics, Retailing and E-Commerce
 Post Sea / STCW Courses

Affiliated colleges

Following are list of colleges affiliated under IMU. As of 2018, there were 21 colleges.


Gelco

Gelco  was a business process management company specializing in employee expense management. It is now part of Concur Technologies.

History
In 1894, Edgar A. Walz set out to solve a financial dilemma of the times: the proliferation of debtors in the business travel industry known as "beats" who would skip out before paying their lodging bills. Walz, who had traveled the Southwest United States as a telegraph operator, cashier, bookkeeper, and cattle rancher, created a company named the National Debtor Record Company.

The National Debtor Record Company introduced a nationwide hotel credit service named Credit Letter and it successor the TravelCard designed to meet the needs of the increasingly mobile sales force and rapid business expansion around the turn of that century. In 1941, the company changed its name to Traveletter Corporation and introduced the Traveletter service.  In 1965, the Traveletter Corporation began a service managing trade promotion funds (the monies paid to retailers to promote a manufacturer's product).

Walz sold the Traveletter Corporation in 1972 to the General Equipment Leasing Corporation (Gelco), which moved the company headquarters from Connecticut to Minnesota. In 1981, Gelco changed the former Traveletter Corporation business to Gelco Payment Systems. In 1986, General Electric Capital bought Gelco Payment Systems. In 1987 Gelco Payment Systems released their first PC/DOS-based software package for expense management called Vectr, providing their customers an automated solution to accept and process electronic bank draft transactions on their desktop.  That same year, Gelco Payment Systems became a privately held company and changed its name again to Gelco PayNetwork.  The Harper Group then acquired Gelco and formed H-G Holdings, Inc.  In 1995, Gelco acquired Federal Software Inc and their civilian federal government travel services Travel Lightning and Travel Manager.  Gelco PayNetwork changed its name to Gelco Information Network (comprising Gelco Expense Network and Gelco Promotion Network) and released its third PC-based automated expense-reporting system, ExpenseLink, in 1996.  In the later 1990s, Gelco released these products delivered as software as a service.

In 2000, Gelco Information Network announced that the company's two operational groups, Trade Management and Expense Management, would operate as separate companies as the Gelco Trade Management Group and the Gelco Expense Management Group. Gelco Expense Management has thousands of clients worldwide representing over 625,000 users of their on-demand services, processing over 9 million transactions and making over $7 billion in payments annually.

In 2007, H-G Holdings and its subsidiaries, including Gelco Information Network, were acquired by Concur Technologies.


Annalise

Annalise is a feminine given name. Notable people with the name include:

Annalise Basso (born 1998), American actress and model
Annalise Braakensiek (1972–2019), Australian model, actress and television presenter
Annalise Murphy (born 1990), Irish sailor
Annalise Pickrel (born 1992), American women's basketball player

Fictional characters
Annalise Hartman, a character in the soap opera Neighbours
Annalise Keating, a character in the television series How to Get Away with Murder


R. J. Stove

Robert James Stove (born 1961 in Sydney) is an Australian writer, editor, composer and organist.

Biography
Born in 1961 in Sydney, but later resident in Melbourne, Stove graduated from Sydney University in 1985. He is the author of four books: Prince of Music—a biography of the composer Palestrina; The Unsleeping Eye—a brief history of secret police from the sixteenth to the twentieth century ; A Student's Guide to Music History—summary history of classical music from the Middle Ages to the Second World War; and most recently César Franck: His Life and Times. Also, he has co-edited, with James Franklin, Cricket Versus Republicanism—a posthumously published collection of essays by his father, the philosopher David Stove (1927–1994). Brought up as an atheist, he converted to Roman Catholicism in 2002.

Stove's articles have appeared in The American Conservative  (he has been a contributing editor at that magazine since 2005), Chronicles, The American Spectator, The New Criterion, Taki's Magazine, Modern Age, Quadrant, National Observer, News Weekly, The University Bookman, and other magazines, mainly American. Most of his musical works have been either choral or for solo voice; several are published by Wirripang of Wollongong, New South Wales.

Bibliography
 R. J. Stove, Prince of Music: Palestrina and His World (Quakers Hill Press, Sydney, 1990)
 R. J. Stove, The Unsleeping Eye: Secret Police and Their Victims (Encounter Books, San Francisco, 2003)
 R. J. Stove, A Student's Guide to Music History (ISI Books, Wilmington, Delaware, 2007)
 R. J. Stove and James Franklin (edd), Cricket Versus Republicanism (Quakers Hill Press, Sydney, 1995)
 R. J. Stove, foreword to Peter Coleman, The Heart of James McAuley, 2nd edition (Connor Court Press, Ballan, Victoria, 2006)
 R. J. Stove, César Franck: His Life and Times (Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Maryland, 2011)
 R. J. Stove, chapter ('Desperately Seeking Franck: Tournemire and d'Indy as Franck Biographers') in Jennifer Donelson and Fr. Stephen Schloesser (edd), Mystic Modern: The Music, Thought, and Legacy of Charles Tournemire,  (Church Music Association of America, Richmond, Virginia, 2014)


Moufflon Publications

Moufflon Publications is an independent press based in Nicosia, Cyprus founded in 1967 by Jirayr Keshishian, and named after the Cyprus Moufflon, an endangered goat species. It is a specialist publisher producing high-quality titles covering a range of subjects with connections to Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean.

External links

news.moneycentral.msn.com


Listooder

Listooder is a hamlet and townland situated outside Crossgar towards both Ballynahinch and Saintfield in County Down, Northern Ireland. Listooder derives its name from the Irish word Lios an tSúdaire meaning "ring-fort".
It holds some new houses with a small working farm, missionary hall, Orange Lodge and non-subscribing Presbyterian church. There used to be a post office, pub and a shop here but closed several decades ago.
There are nine houses in Listooder and 31 people living here according to the 2011 census with many more in the surrounding area.

Features
A small river runs through Listooder which is a tributary of the Ballynahinch River, which leads into the Quoile River outside Downpatrick.

Upon Listooder lies an old fort (hence lios) which sits on one of County Downs' highest drumlin hills. It was used as a look-out because of its vast 360° view across the Down Drumlins as far as the Mourne Mountains and down onto Listooder Hamlet which would have only held a farm then.
Less than half a mile outside Listooder, on the border of the two townlands of Listooder and Clontaghnaglar, in a field along Abbeyview Road sits a gravestone with a cross engraved on it surrounded by a stone wall with a sycamore and beech tree. Local legend has it that this is the grave of a Roman Catholic priest who was rolled down a nearby hill in a barrel of nails during pagan times and was buried where the barrel stopped.
On Abbeyview Road, there is also an old railway bridge that goes over the old Downpatrick-Belfast railway line that stopped functioning in 1959. During the world wars, children got off here and stayed at nearby houses for safety.

People

 The leader of the Traditional Unionist Voice and former barrister, Jim Allister QC was born in Listooder where he lived until he was 9 years old.
The professional footballer George Best (one of Northern Ireland's most iconic figures), spent his summer holidays as a kid at his relatives' summer house in Listooder. He often played football in the above Jim Allister's yard.

Buildings
Built in 1787, Rademon Church is the 12th oldest Non-subscribing Presbyterian Church of Ireland. The congregation was founded by 1st Saintfield in 1713 and probably met in a simple wood and thatch construction lasting about 10 years. Their second meeting house was more substantial. Remains of its walls can still be seen on the site and lasted until the present church was built. Rademon was amongst the congregations that left the main presbyterian denomination (Synod of Ulster) during the second subscription controversy in the 1820s to join the Remonstrant Synod until the NSP church was formed in 1910. Their church hall is beside it.
An Orange hall can be found in the hamlet. Listooder Orange hall Founded in 1871 still remains to have orange men present with it. The orange hall used to hold a loyalist flute band known as Listooder True Blues.
Listooder Missionary Hall Established in September 1964 in conjunction with Faith Mission when Fred Orr of Acre Gospel Mission in Brazil was invited by Faith Mission to bring a missionary report. The hall is still in function and holds fortnightly youth fellowship and prayer meetings.


United Nation of Islam

The United Nation of Islam (UNOI) is an African American religious movement based in Kansas City, Kansas.  It was founded in 1978 as an offshoot of the Nation of Islam by Royall Jenkins, who continues to be the group's leader and styles himself "Royall, Allah in Person".  Since its founding, the group has undergone numerous name changes and is currently known as the Value Creators.

History

Royall Jenkins was born in 1942 in South Carolina and grew up in eastern Maryland, later moving to New York and then Chicago, while working as a long-distance truck driver delivering publications of the Nation of Islam (NOI). He remained a member until after the death of Elijah Muhammad but split from the organization in 1978. According to Jenkins, he spent time on a spaceship with angels, where he learned that he was the Supreme Being and how to govern the world.

Public records show Jenkins working as a truck driver and living mostly with friends as he tried to recruit followers, including his daughter Maureen, who joined him in 1985 in a house in Waldorf, Maryland. The house was rented for them by Joseph Kelly, one of Jenkins' first converts. The UNOI eventually grew, and was incorporated as a nonprofit organization in New Jersey in 1993.

Between 1996 and 2002, the group relocated to its current Kansas City location. The UNOI is very controversial and currently has a membership of a few hundred people.

Beliefs
The beliefs of the UNOI are based on the beliefs of the NOI with considerable modifications by Jenkins. While believing that Allah came in the person of Wallace Fard Muhammad, founder of the NOI, Jenkins claims that he himself is Allah in his own person who is more powerful and who is given the task of coercing the submission of all things and perfecting everything used to magnify Him, after which men [specifically males] will all be God, or gods.

Jenkins stresses the relations between different races and sexes, referring extensively to black man, black woman, and white man. Black men are said to be the real and original men, whereas white people are claimed to have been created by a scientist named Yakub 6,000 years ago, the same belief held, at least in a metaphorical sense, by followers of the NOI prior to the death of Elijah Muhammad. Jenkins also claims that black men created black women as a natural pleasure, that women are inferior, and that following female guidance leads to Hell. He believes that black women are in league with white men, whom he considers enemies, and condemns women seeking child support, custody, and alimony though courts.

Jenkins also claims that the current NOI has been led astray by its leader Louis Farrakhan, whom he asserts is the most "formidable enemy to Allah," and that Farrakhan uses tricks and deceptive tactics to "silence anyone else's voice" and "prepare the masses to fight for him," through appearing "to be against the Whiteman  and his government."

Operations
Members of the UNOI work as unpaid labor in various businesses owned by the organization.  UNOI-owned businesses include a full-service gas station (Your Gas Station), several restaurants and bakeries, a sewing factory, an urgent-care medical facility (Your Colonic Center) and a construction company, among others.   UNOI claims that it provides for all the needs of all full-time volunteers.  The group has roughly 200 full-time members in Kansas City, with perhaps 300 spread across several other cities.  Most of the latter are part-time.

UNOI hosts several call-in TV and radio programs across the United States. Jenkins appears regularly on these programs, as well as touring various US cities. The UNOI also offers classes and has a Web site that provides extensive writings by Jenkins and recordings of his TV appearances.

After moving to Kansas City in 1996 (although its headquarters was not moved there until 2001), the UNOI received commendations for apparently aiding in the renewal of an area along Quindaro Boulevard that had a reputation for high crime rates and as a slum. The group purchased several properties in the area at minimal prices and used them to house its various businesses. As this happened, crime rates fell dramatically and property values rose. Commendations extended to the Wyandotte County government donating several additional (vacant) buildings to UNOI.

Controversy

UNOI statements
Critics of the UNOI note that members work for Jenkins' benefit in UNOI businesses and receive no income, apply for and receive welfare from the government, and are given only the minimal necessities for survival, while UNOI uses the funds for their own benefit (including free vacations in the Caribbean). UNOI members and their children are required to be educated by the UNOI, which does not instruct them in many basic skills or provide opportunity for accredited higher education. Members receive health insurance and are not permitted to receive medical care outside that offered by the UNOI at Your Colonic Center, which does not include any physicians licensed in Kansas. At least one child of UNOI members has died without being taken to Kansas City emergency medical services.

The UNOI has also overstated its success—on one occasion stating that the Kansas City site is free of all crime, in the same month as a gunman fired twenty shots at a UNOI-run gas station. The Kansas City police department said it was unable to judge the effectiveness of UNOI in reducing crime. In 2002, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment reported five health violations at a UNOI-operated diner. In 2003, the gas station was the UNOI's only profitable business.

Jenkins family
Jenkins has taken several wives from among his followers, including a teenaged stepdaughter (after having impregnated her). From these unions, he has fathered at least 15 children.  Jenkins claims that he is justified in practicing polygamy, comparing himself to Solomon and claiming "In the near future, a man will be known for his wisdom according to the number of wives that he has."

Notable among the UNOI's critics are at least ten former members, including Moreen and Hanif Jenkins, two of Royall Jenkins' children from his first marriage. Hanif was a member of the UNOI for six months and then became a critic of its operations. Moreen joined the UNOI in 1985. She claimed that she married Joseph Kelly, one of the first members of the UNOI, and also studied UNOI theology for several hours a day for years. In 1997, Royall Jenkins declared that Kelly was a reincarnation of Elijah Muhammad, a claim that the NOI rejected. In 2002 Moreen Jenkins claimed her father threatened her life and the life of her youngest child after she attempted to apologize to the victim of a beating by UNOI members. She then took her infant child and left UNOI. Members continued to harass her. She stated that the UNOI was blocking her attempts to communicate with her other children and her attempts to gain custody. As of 2003, she had filed for divorce and still sought custody of her children. Moreen died at her home on October 14, 2008, shortly after her 45th birthday.

In 2003, the UNOI stated that Moreen Jenkins was "operating out of vengeance, scorn, anger, desire and treachery" and proposed that she seduced reporters with "the guise of a scoop." In the same statement, Royall Jenkins is quoted as announcing “the time when those who conspire against the rise of the Blackman —including Black women—will no longer be tolerated." After her death, Jenkins described his daughter as a traitor, stated "the death of my daughter Moreen was more than justified" and exhorted his followers not to mourn.

Human trafficking
In June 2018, the United Nation of Islam was profiled on A&E's Cults & Extreme Belief, a television show where host Elizabeth Vargas and others interview former members of organizations considered cults, talking to them about how they became involved and their allegations of abuse. In the episode, former members talk about their allegations of human trafficking, neglect and abuse, and unpaid labor of children in the group.

In September 2017 Kendra Ross brought a civil suit against the UNOI stating that she was forced into unpaid work for 10 years and made to move to various cities from the age of 11 until she escaped at 21. She was forcibly separated from her mother at 12. Her lawyer stated that "“This organization just took away her childhood...They stripped her of 19 years of her life, forced her to work for no pay, and subjected her to just inhumane conditions.” She was forced to marry another member who was chosen by a "psychic doctor". A federal judge awarded her approximately $8 million in damages.


Phil Dent

Philip Clive Dent (born 14 February 1950), is a former professional tennis player. Dent's high water mark as a pro singles player was reaching the Australian Open final in 1974, which he lost to Jimmy Connors in four sets. Dent was also the men's doubles champion at the Australian Open in 1975 (with teammate John Alexander), and the mixed-doubles champion at the US Open in 1976 (with teammate Billie Jean King).

Tennis career
As well as his victory in the 1975 Australian Open doubles, Dent reached six more men's doubles finals in Grand Slam Tournaments, finishing runner-up at the Australian Open in 1970, 1973, and 1977, the French Open in 1975 and 1979 and Wimbledon in 1977. Dent was a member of the Australian tennis teams that won the Davis Cup in 1977 and the World Team Cup in 1979.

Before turning professional, Dent won the boys' singles titles at both the Australian Open tournament and at the French Open in 1968.

During his professional career, Dent won three top-level singles titles (in Sydney and in Brisbane, Australia, both in 1979, and the former also in 1971) and 25 doubles titles (also winning the 1968 Australian Hard Courts singles event in Launceston). His career-high singles ranking was world No. 12 (in 1977). Dent retired from professional tennis in 1983.

Since retiring as a player, Dent has settled in Newport Beach, California. His son, Taylor Dent, was also a professional tennis player and citizen of the United States.

Dent defeated Björn Borg in the third round of the 1974 Australian Open, the only Australian Open in which he competed.

Grand Slam finals

Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)

Mixed doubles: 1 (1 title)

Career finals

Doubles (25 titles, 25 runner-ups)


United Independent School District

United Independent School District is a school district headquartered in Laredo, Texas.

UISD serves portions of the city of Laredo, the cities of El Cenizo and Rio Bravo, and several unincorporated areas in Webb County. The unincorporated areas include Botines, La Presa, Larga Vista, Ranchitos Las Lomas, and Ranchos Penitas West.

In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" under the accountability ratings system used by the Texas Education Agency.

History

The district was created in 1961 via the consolidation of the former Cactus, Johnson, and Nye school districts. The "Big Three" involved in the establishment of UISD were rancher Joe B. Finley, Amparo Gutierrez, and John W. Arndt, all of whom have schools named in their honor.

By the 2000s, United ISD had a rapidly growing student population due to the burgeoning populations of many colonias along the Texas-Mexico border. As of the 2000s, United ISD gains about 1,500 students per year.

On November 5, 2013, voters handily approved a $408.7 million school bond issue to acquire land, construct new schools, and expand other facilities. The tabulation in a low-turnout election was 5,148 (66.1 percent) in support and 2,643 (33.9 percent) in opposition.

Standardized dress
Students in pre-Kindergarten through 8th grades are required to follow standardized dress code provided by the district; the dress code began during the 2006-2007 school year. Starting the 2007-2008 school year, high school students will also be required to follow the same standardized dress code procedures as approved by the Board of Trustees.

The Texas Education Agency specified that the parents and/or guardians of students zoned to a school with uniforms may apply for a waiver to opt out of the uniform policy so their children do not have to wear the uniform; parents must specify "bona fide" reasons, such as religious reasons or philosophical objections.

Schools

High schools

John B. Alexander High School
Lyndon B. Johnson High School
United High School
United South High School

Middle schools

Antonio Gonzalez Middle School
Clark Middle School
George Washington Middle School
Lamar Bruni Vergara Middle School
Los Obispos Middle School
Raul Perales Middle School
Salvador Garcia Middle School
Trautmann Middle School
United Middle School
United South Middle School

Elementary schools

John W. Arndt Elementary School
Colonel Santos Benavides Elementary School
Freedom Elementary School
Charles R. Borchers Elementary School, named for the former district attorney of the 49th Judicial District Court and former UISD board president Charles Robert Borchers of Laredo
Centeno Elementary School
Clark Elementary School
Henry Cuellar Elementary School
De Llano Elementary School
Barbara Fasken Elementary School
Finley Elementary School
National Blue Ribbon School 1998-99
Bonnie L. Garcia Elementary School
Amparo Gutierrez Elementary School
United D.D. Hachar Elementary School
Juarez-Lincoln Elementary School
Kazen Elementary School
John F. Kennedy-Emiliano Zapata Elementary School
Killam Elementary School
Malakoff Elementary School
Julia Bird Jones Muller Elementary School
Newman Elementary School
Nye Elementary School
Perez Elementary School
Prada Elementary School
Roosevelt Elementary School
Ruiz Elementary School
Salinas Elementary School
Trautmann Elementary School
Senator Judith Zaffirini Elementary School
Veterans Memorial Elementary School

Freedom Elementary School