Structural genomics

Structural genomics seeks to describe the 3-dimensional structure of every protein encoded by a given genome. This genome-based approach allows for a high-throughput method of structure determination by a combination of experimental and modeling approaches. The principal difference between structural genomics and traditional structural prediction is that structural genomics attempts to determine the structure of every protein encoded by the genome, rather than focusing on one particular protein. With full-genome sequences available, structure prediction can be done more quickly through a combination of experimental and modeling approaches, especially because the availability of large number of sequenced genomes and previously solved protein structures allows scientists to model protein structure on the structures of previously solved homologs.

Because protein structure is closely linked with protein function, the structural genomics has the potential to inform knowledge of protein function. In addition to elucidating protein functions, structural genomics can be used to identify novel protein folds and potential targets for drug discovery. Structural genomics involves taking a large number of approaches to structure determination, including experimental methods using genomic sequences or modeling-based approaches based on sequence or structural homology to a protein of known structure or based on chemical and physical principles for a protein with no homology to any known structure.

As opposed to traditional structural biology, the determination of a protein structure through a structural genomics effort often (but not always) comes before anything is known regarding the protein function. This raises new challenges in structural bioinformatics, i.e. determining protein function from its 3D structure.

Structural genomics emphasizes high throughput determination of protein structures. This is performed in dedicated centers of structural genomics.

While most structural biologists pursue structures of individual proteins or protein groups, specialists in structural genomics pursue structures of proteins on a genome wide scale. This implies large-scale cloning, expression and purification. One main advantage of this approach is economy of scale. On the other hand, the scientific value of some resultant structures is at times questioned. A Science article from January 2006 analyzes the structural genomics field.

One advantage of structural genomics, such as the Protein Structure Initiative, is that the scientific community gets immediate access to new structures, as well as to reagents such as clones and protein. A disadvantage is that many of these structures are of proteins of unknown function and do not have corresponding publications. This requires new ways of communicating this structural information to the broader research community. The Bioinformatics core of the Joint center for structural genomics (JCSG) has recently developed a wiki-based approach namely Open protein structure annotation network (TOPSAN) for annotating protein structures emerging from high-throughput structural genomics centers.

Goals
One goal of structural genomics is to identify novel protein folds. Experimental methods of protein structure determination require proteins that express and/or crystallize well, which may inherently bias the kinds of proteins folds that this experimental data elucidate. A genomic, modeling-based approach such as ab initio modeling may be better able to identify novel protein folds than the experimental approaches because they are not limited by experimental constraints.

Protein function depends on 3-D structure and these 3-D structures are more highly conserved than sequences. Thus, the high-throughput structure determination methods of structural genomics have the potential to inform our understanding of protein functions.  This also has potential implications for drug discovery and protein engineering. Furthermore, every protein that is added to the structural database increases the likelihood that the database will include homologous sequences of other unknown proteins. The Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) is a multifaceted effort funded by the National Institutes of Health with various academic and industrial partners that aims to increase knowledge of protein structure using a structural genomics approach and to improve structure-determination methodology.

Methods
Structural genomics takes advantage of completed genome sequences in several ways in order to determine protein structures.  The gene sequence of the target protein can also be compared to a known sequence and structural information can then be inferred from the known protein's structure. Structural genomics can be used to predict novel protein folds based on other structural data.  Structural genomics can also take modeling-based approach that relies on homology between the unknown protein and a solved protein structure.

de novo methods
Completed genome sequences allow every open reading frame (ORF), the part of a gene that is likely to contain the sequence for the messenger RNA and protein, to be cloned and expressed as protein. These proteins are then purified and crystallized, and then subjected to one of two types of structure determination: X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).  The whole genome sequence allows for the design of every primer required in order to amplify all of the ORFs, clone them into bacteria, and then express them.  By using a whole-genome approach to this traditional method of protein structure determination, all of the proteins encoded by the genome can be expressed at once.  This approach allows for the structural determination of every protein that is encoded by the genome.

Modelling-based methods

ab initio  modeling
This approach uses protein sequence data and the chemical and physical interactions of the encoded amino acids to predict the 3-D structures of proteins with no homology to solved protein structures. One highly successful method for ab initio modeling is the Rosetta program, which divides the protein into short segments and arranges short polypeptide chain into a low-energy local conformation.  Rosetta is available for commercial use and for non-commercial use through its public program, Robetta.

Sequence-based modeling
This modeling technique compares the gene sequence of an unknown protein with sequences of proteins with known structures. Depending on the degree of similarity between the sequences, the structure of the known protein can be used as a model for solving the structure of the unknown protein. Highly accurate modeling is considered to require at least 50% amino acid sequence identity between the unknown protein and the solved structure. 30-50% sequence identity gives a model of intermediate-accuracy, and sequence identity below 30% gives low-accuracy models.  It has been predicted that at least 16,000 protein structures will need to be determined in order for all structural motifs to be represented at least once and thus allowing the structure of any unknown protein to be solved accurately through modeling.  One disadvantage of this method, however, is that structure is more conserved than sequence and thus 	sequence-based modeling may not be the most accurate way to predict protein structures.

Threading
Threading bases structural modeling on fold similarities rather than sequence identity.  This method may help identify distantly related proteins and can be used to infer molecular functions.

Examples of structural genomics
There are currently a number of on-going efforts to solve the structures for every protein in a given proteome.

Thermotogo maritima proteome
One current goal of the Joint Center for Structural Genomics (JCSG), a part of the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) is to solve the structures for all the proteins in Thermotogo maritima, a thermophillic bacterium. T. maritima was selected as a structural genomics target based on its relatively small genome consisting of 1,877 genes and the hypothesis that the proteins expressed by a thermophilic bacterium would be easier to crystallize.

Lesley et al used Escherichia coli to express all the open-reading frames (ORFs) of T. martima. These proteins were then crystallized and structures were determined for successfully crystallized proteins using X-ray crystallography.  Among other structures, this structural genomics approach allowed for the determination of the structure of the TM0449 protein, which was found to exhibit a novel fold as it did not share structural homology with any known protein.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome
The goal of the TB Structural Genomics Consortium is to determine the structures of potential drug targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. The development of novel drug therapies against tuberculosis are particularly important given the growing problem of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis.

The fully sequenced genome of M. tuberculosis has allowed scientists to clone many of these protein targets into expression vectors for purification and structure determination by X-ray crystallography.  Studies have identified a number of target proteins for structure determination, including extracellular proteins that may be involved in pathogenesis, iron-regulatory proteins, current drug targets, and proteins predicted to have novel folds. So far, structures have been determined for 708 of the proteins encoded by M. tuberculosis.

Protein structure databases and classifications

 Protein Data Bank (PDB): repository for protein sequence and structural information
 UniProt: provides sequence and functional information
 Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP Classifications): hierarchical-based approach
 Class, Architecture, Topology and Homologous superfamily (CATH): hierarchical-based approach


Sunamganj-4

Sunamganj-4 is a constituency represented in the Jatiya Sangsad (National Parliament) of Bangladesh since 2014 by Pir Fazlur Rahman of the Jatiya Party (Ershad).

Boundaries
The constituency encompasses Bishwamvarpur and Sunamganj Sadar upazilas.

History
The constituency was created in 1984 from a Sylhet constituency when the former Sylhet District was split into four districts: Sunamganj, Sylhet, Moulvibazar, and Habiganj.

Ahead of the 2008 general election, the Election Commission redrew constituency boundaries to reflect population changes revealed by the 2001 Bangladesh census. The 2008 redistricting altered the boundaries of the constituency.

Ahead of the 2014 general election, the Election Commission  reduced the boundaries of the constituency. Previously it had also included one union parishad of Dowarabazar Upazila: Mannargaon.

Members of Parliament

Elections
Pir Fazlur Rahman was elected unopposed in the 2014 general election after opposition parties withdrew their candidacies in a boycott of the election.

Elections in the 2000s
Momtaj Iqbal died in April 2009. Md. Matiur Rahman, of the Awami League, was elected in a June 2009 by-election.

Elections in the 1990s


Micathermic heater

A micathermic heater is a type of space heater in which the heating element is covered in thin sheets of mica. Micathermic heaters produce both convection heat and radiant heat, and are usually thinner than other types of heaters. The 1500 watt SoleusAir 360 Micathermic Heater was recalled in 2008 due to it being a fire hazard.


Matthew Davies (historian)

Matthew P. Davies, FRHistS, FSA, is a British academic administrator and urban historian, specialising in late medieval and early modern cities. Since 2016, he has been Executive Dean of the School of Social Sciences, History and Philosophy at Birkbeck, University of London where he is also a professor of urban history; between 2002 and 2016, he was Director of the Institute of Historical Research's Centre for Metropolitan History.

Career
Davies completed his undergraduate studies (BA) and doctorate at the University of Oxford; his DPhil was awarded in 1994 for his thesis "The tailors of London and their guild, c. 1300–1500". He worked for the History of Parliament Trust as a researcher and completed studies of parliamentary representation in 15th-century London and Southwark, before being appointed Director of the Centre for Metropolitan History at the University of London's Institute of Historical Research in 2002. He remained in that post until 2016, when he was appointed Executive Dean of the School of Social Sciences, History and Philosophy at Birkbeck, University of London (replacing Professor Miriam Zukas who retired after seven years in the role); he is also a professor of urban history in the School. Prior to his appointment at Birkbeck, he had also been Pro-Dean at the School of Advanced Study where he was also Professor of Urban History.

Honours, awards and other appointments

As of 2018, Davies is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London (elected in 2017), and also serves as Chair of the Editorial Committee of The London Journal, a council member of the British Record Society and a trustee of the Historic Towns Atlas Trust.

Selected publications
 (Edited with Vanessa Harding, Catherine Ferguson, Elizabeth Parkinson, John Price, Andrew Wareham and Cliff Webb) The London and Middlesex Hearth Tax of 1666, British Records Society Hearth Tax Series, no. 9 (2014).
 (Edited with James A. Galloway) London and Beyond: Essays in Honour of Derek Keene (Institute of Historical Research, 2012).
 "'Monuments of Honour': Clerks, Histories and Heroes in the London livery companies", in Hannes Kleineke (ed.), Fifteenth Century X: Parliament, Personalities and Power. Papers Presented to Linda S. Clark (Boydell Press, 2011), pp. 145–165.
 (Edited with Andrew Prescott) London and the Kingdom: Essays in Honour of Caroline M. Barron, Harlaxton Medieval Studies, no. 16 (Shaun Tyas, 2008).
 (Authored with Vanessa Harding, Philip Baker, Mark Merry, Olwen Myhill, Gill Newton and Richard Smith) People in Place: Families, Households and Housing in Early Modern London (Centre for Metropolitan History, 2008)
 (Edited with Caroline M. Barron) The Religious Houses of London and Middlesex (Institute of Historical Research , 2007).
 (Authored with Ann Saunders) The History of the Merchant Taylors' Company (Maney, 2004).
 "Lobbying Parliament: the London livery companies in the fifteenth century", Parliamentary History, vol. 23 (2004), pp. 136–148.
 (Authored with Caroline M. Barron) "Ellen Langwith, silkwoman of London", The Ricardian, vol. 13 (2003), pp. 39–47.
 "Governors and Governed: the Practice of Power in the Merchant Taylors' Company", in I. A. Gadd and P. Wallis (eds.), Guilds, Society and Economy in London, 1450–1800 (Centre for Metropolitan History, 2002), pp. 67–83.
 The Merchant Taylors' Company of London: Court Minutes 1486–1493 (Paul Watkins, 2000).
 "Artisans, Guilds and Government in London" in R. H. Britnell (ed.), Daily Life in the Late Middle Ages (Sutton, 1998), pp. 125–150.
 "The Tailors of London: Corporate Charity in the Late-Medieval Town" in Rowena E. Archer (ed.), Crown, Government and People in the Fifteenth Century (Sutton, 1995), pp. 161–190.
 "Dame Thomasine Percyvale, 'the Maid of Week' (d. 1512)", in Caroline M. Barron and Anne F. Sutton (eds.), Medieval London Widows 1300–1500 (Hambledon Press, 1994), pp. 185–208.

Since 2016, Davies has been director of a Heritage-Lottery-funded project, "The Layers of London: mapping the city's heritage", based at the Institute of Historical Research. From 2010 to 2016, he was director of the "Records of London's Livery Companies Online" project, and with Vanessa Harding and Richard Smith, he received a Major Grant from Economic and Social Research Council for a project entitled "Life in the Suburbs: Health, Domesticity and Status in Early Modern London", which ran from 2008 to 2011.


Youth for Freedom

Youth for America is an annual youth conference currently sponsored by George Wythe University. The conference was established by W. Cleon Skousen and William H. Doughty of the Institute for Constitutional Education in the 1980s to teach youth about American Government, leadership, education and community service.

When Doughty's Meadeau View Institute collapsed in 1994, the conferences were continued by George Wythe College, which the institute had established in 1992.

Through at least 2004, the conferences were held on Doughty's land in Mammoth Valley, Utah. In 2008, they were held in Cedar City, Utah, and Monticello, Utah.

In 2010, the conference was renamed Youth for Freedom to recognize international attendees.


2006 Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group II

The European and African Zone was one of the three zones of regional Davis Cup competition in 2006.

In the European and African Zone there were four different groups in which teams compete against each other to advance to the next group.

Participating teams

Draw

First Round Matches

Greece vs. Macedonia

Second Round Matches

Norway vs. Macedonia

Third Round Matches

Macedonia vs. Finland

Play-off Matches


Whitney Westerfield

Whitney H. Westerfield (born November 29, 1980) is an American politician and a Republican member of the Kentucky Senate representing District 3 since January 8, 2013. In 2015, Westerfield was the unsuccessful Republican nominee for Attorney General, losing to Democrat Andy Beshear.

Education
Westerfield earned his BS in communication from the University of Kentucky and his JD from Southern Illinois University Carbondale.

Political career
Westerfield serves as the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Senator Westerfield also serves as a member on the Veterans, Military Affairs and Public Protection Committee; the Agriculture Committee; the Capital Planning Advisory Board; the Natural Resources and Energy Committee; the Child Welfare Oversight and Advisory Committee; the Tobacco Settlement Agreement Fund Oversight Committee; the Program Review and Investigations Committee; the Senate Bill 192 Oversight Committee; the Budget Review Subcommittee on Justice and Judiciary; and serves as Co-Chair of the Juvenile Justice Oversight Council.

Senator Westerfield is a lifelong resident of Christian County, Kentucky, and presently maintains a private law practice in after serving over five years as an Assistant Commonwealth’s Attorney.  He also operates a commercial drone photography/videography company, known as Flightdubs, LLC (www.flightdubs.com) serving clients across the Commonwealth and Tennessee.

Westerfield currently serves on the board for the Kentucky Association of Children’s Advocacy Centers, which provides statewide technical assistance to the Commonwealth’s 15 CACs as they serve Kentucky’s children who have been victims of sexual assault.

Senator Westerfield received his B.S. in Communication at the University of Kentucky in 2003, and his J.D. in the spring of 2006 from Southern Illinois University School of Law.  He has been an active member of the Kentucky Bar since October 2006 and the Tennessee Bar since 2012.

In 2012, Westerfield challenged District 3 incumbent Democratic Senator Joey Pendleton, Westerfield was unopposed for the May 22, 2012 Republican Primary and won the November 6, 2012 General election with 18,457 votes (50.4%) against Senator Pendleton.  The American Conservative Union gave him a 90% evaluation in 2017.

In 2015, Westerfield ran for Attorney General of Kentucky. He lost to Democrat Andy Beshear.

In 2019, Westerfield ran for Kentucky Supreme Court District 1. He lost the general election to fellow Republican Christopher Shea Nickell.


Anthony J. Batten

Anthony J. Batten  (1940) is a Canadian visual artist. He is best known for his architecturally inspired images that underscore contemporary disregard for architectural conservation.

Early life and education
Batten was born at Eynsham Hall, in Oxfordshire, England in 1940. Receiving his early schooling in the U.K. he moved to Canada in the 1950s. While still resident in England he had received a scholarship to attend Christ's Hospital School in Horsham, Sussex. He attended classes at L'Ecole des Beaux Arts and at the Museum School of the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts with Arthur Lismer.

Career

While living in Montreal he regularly sketched in the old port area of the city attracted by the historic buildings and streetscapes. In 1966 Batten was commissioned by Canadian Industries Limited to produce a tourists' map of that historic area in readiness for the 1967 World's Fair (Expo '67). The map was reproduced widely in both official languages. That exposure resulted in him having his first exhibition in 1967 at La Galerie Place Royale. In 1968 Batten moved to Ontario to study at the University of Toronto.

Work
He was elected to the Canadian Society of Painters in Water Colour (CSPWC) in 1980 and later served as the Society's President from 1993-1995. He is also a member of the Ontario Society of Artists (OSA) and the Society of Canadian Artists (SCA).

He is also represented in the Canadian Senate, The Royal Canadian Military Institute, The Government of Ontario Art Collection, The Archives of Newfoundland and Labrador, The Royal Collection U.K., the Vancouver Maritime Museum and the City of Toronto Archives.

Teaching career
Batten has served as an art teacher to the Scarborough Board of Education, Sir Oliver Mowat Collegiate Institute, CBC's Institute of Scenography, University of Toronto's Woodsworth College and Royal Ontario Museum. In the mid 1980s he was the resident artist with the Canadian School at Cambridge University, England. He has produced architectural renderings for a number of clients including Rod Robbie and Robbie, Wright and Young. Batten's rendering of the Gardiner Museum was featured in the Art Gallery of Ontario's 2006 show on new culture related structures in Toronto.

Recognition
Anthony was the 1996 winner of the prestigious A.J. Casson Award. In 2002 he received the CSPWC's Julius Griffith Award and was made a Life Member in 2007. In recognition of his volunteer activism in arts, he was a recipient of the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal in 1992. Later he was awarded both the 2002 Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal and the 2012 Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal.

He was one of twenty five Canadian artists who as part of 2006's Arctic Quest traversed the North West Passage in celebration of the centennial of Roald Amundsen's historic expedition. He has for many years painted and exhibited internationally with a group of former colleagues collectively known as the PORDS.

Bibliography
 "Arabella, Canadian Art, Architecture & Design Magazine" Volume 8, issue 1. Spring 2015. Pages 148 through 163. Written by Lorie Lee Steiner.
 "Canadian House & Home", Volume 8, issue 1, March 1986
 "Canadian Who's Who", University of Toronto Press (2010)  ISSN 0068-9963
 "International Artist" April/May 2000. ISSN 1440-1320
 "International Artist" June/July 2000 (International Masters). ISSN 1440-1320
 "Work Small, Learn Big" (Sketching with pen and watercolor), International Artists Publications, Chapter One
 "Splash 8 Watercolour Discoveries", North Light Books (2004),
 "How did you paint that?" 100 ways to paint landscapes, Vol 1. North Light Books (2004).
 "How did you paint that?" 100 ways to paint favorite subjects, Vol 1. North Light Books
 "Magazin 'Art"', Edition Internationale, Automne/Fall 2009 ISSN D356607
 "Biennial Guide to Canadian Artists in Galleries 2011-2012", Magazin 'Art (2011)


Wilton E. Hall

Wilton Earle Hall (March 11, 1901February 25, 1980) was a United States Senator from South Carolina.

Biography
Born in Starr, South Carolina, Hall attended public school and then Furman University in (Greenville). He founded a morning newspaper in Anderson, South Carolina in 1924, and in 1929 acquired an evening newspaper. In 1935 he established a radio station, WAIM. From 1934 to 1938, Hall was chairman of the South Carolina Planning Board and was appointed, on November 20, 1944, as a Democrat to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Ellison D. Smith and served until January 3, 1945. Hall was not a candidate for election to the full term; in fact, Smith had already been defeated for re-election and was only serving out the remainder of his prior term.  Hall resumed the newspaper publishing and broadcasting business as publisher of the Anderson Independent and Daily Mail of South Carolina; he also later founded the television station WAIM-TV in 1953 and also founded and owned the radio station WCAC-FM in addition to WAIM. He was also the publisher of Quote Magazine.

Hall resided in Anderson, where he died in 1980; his interment was in a mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park.


John Plankinton statue

The John Plankinton statue is a six-foot lifelike representation of the businessman and industrialist. It took the sculptor six months to make and was initially placed in the Plankinton House Hotel in downtown Milwaukee in 1892. It is presently located in the Grand's Plankinton Arcade shopping plaza, a redevelopment project at the same location where the hotel once stood. It was completely restored in 2012.

Background

The background history of the bronze statue starts shortly after John Plankinton's death in March 1891. The idea for a statue or bust was proposed seven months later in October 1891. Richard Henry Park, known as the Florentine sculptor, had already done statues for the Plankinton family so was commissioned by his son William to make the bronze statue in 1892. Park made the six-foot bronze statue with a realistic lifelike representation of John Plankinton standing at ease. It was initially placed in the rotunda of the Plankinton House Hotel in downtown Milwaukee on March 28, 1892.

Park, who spent six months in Chicago working on the John Plankinton bronze statue, was perhaps a surprising choice as Park had betrayed Elizabeth Plankinton (William's sister) and married another woman in 1887, leaving her disappointed and distraught. Described as a good looking statue, it was unveiled in a rotunda in the Plankinton House Hotel in June 1892. It remained there until a redevelopment into a shopping district in 1916 took place of the property and the hotel taken down. It was called originally the Plankinton Arcade and had billiard and bowling in the basement. The property was again remodeled in the 1970s and then called the John Plankinton Mall. The latest redesign of the property in 1980–1982 incorporated a circular atrium specifically for the statue. The property was again renamed and then called Shops of Grand Avenue or sometimes shortened to The Grand shopping plaza. Grand Avenue was the 19th century prestigious street name where the property is located and is now Wisconsin Avenue. In 2012 restoration work was done to the bronze statue that took several months. Afterwards it was returned to its base made by the American Bronze Company. This base at the foot of the bronze statue is titled John Plankinton 1820 – 1891. The statue on its 15-foot pedestal is now a permanent part of the shopping plaza and seen by hundreds daily.

Bronze statue views

Renovation work


FC Tsarsko Selo Sofia

Tsarsko Selo () is a Bulgarian association football club based in Sofia. It currently plays in First League, the top tier of the Bulgarian football league system, having gained promotion from Second League in 2018–19 season.

Tsarsko Selo play their home matches at their Tsarsko Selo Sports Complex in the Dragalevtsi quarter of Sofia.

History

2015–2016: Foundation
In the summer of 2015, the previous chairman of CSKA Sofia Stoyne Manolov established a new academy called Football Academy Tsarsko Selo, with a focus on scouting and developing youth football players born in 2002 to 2010. The club was initially registered and a subsequent men's team in the A RFG Sofia South was established, with former long-time CSKA Sofia captain Todor Yanchev appointed as manager. On November 12, 2015 Manolov announced an academy partnership with Spanish La Liga club Málaga CF. In the end of December 2015, Todor Yanchev took over Sofia 2010, which was bought by Manolov and was merged with Tsarsko Selo to establish a new club called Tsarsko Selo Sofia.

2016–present: Professional debut

On 28 July 2016 the team was accepted in the newly created Bulgarian Second Professional League. They finished their first match against Botev Galabovo with a draw. In their first match for the Bulgarian Cup they played against Levski Sofia. The match was played on 22 September 2016 at the Lokomotiv Stadium in Sofia and was won by Levski by 2-0. After 2 heavy defeats, Yanchev stepped down from his position as a manager and on 29 October 2016, previous Cherno More Varna head coach Nikola Spasov was announced as the new manager of the team. The team finished their first season in Second League in 5th place.

The good start of the season for Tsarsko Selo was marked not only by the first place in the league after 8 rounds, but with their first win for the cup winning the first round against Neftochimic Burgas on 19 September 2017.  On 3 January 2018 Nikola Spasov was announced as the new manager of the Kazakhstan Premier League team Kyzylzhar. Shortly the same day Veselin Velikov was announced as the new manager of the club. On 8 May 2018 Velislav Vutsov was announced as the new head coach of the team with Velikov becoming a selectionist.

On 22 April 2019 in a goalless draw against CSKA 1948 the kings secured their first place in Second League and won promotion in the First League for first time in their history, being 18 points ahead from the second and third place five rounds before the end of the season.

Tsarsko selo' first ever match in the Bulgarian First Division resulted in a 0-2 away lost against the actual champion Ludogorets Razgrad. This was followed by an home 0-0 draw to the other debutant Arda  Kardzhali. Tsarsko selo' first win came in the fifth round, when the team managed to beat Botev Plovdiv away with 0-2. Two goals for the win were scored by Dutch winger Rodney Antwi. The first home win came in the seventh round with 2-1 against Beroe Stara Zagora.

Honours
Second League:
  Winners (1): 2018–19
  Third Place (1): 2017–18

Fourth League:
  Runners up (1): 2015–16

Bulgarian Cup:
 Round of 16 (1): 2017–18

Shirt and sponsor
Tsarsko Selo's main kit was initially red and white and the away kits were black and red. From 2016, the main kit has been all-red, while the reserve ones are all-white. In 2017 team main kit was changed to pink.

Players

First-team squad

For recent transfers, see Transfers summer 2019 and Transfers winter 2019–20.

Out on loan

Foreign players
Up to five non-EU nationals can be registered and given a squad number for the first team in the Bulgarian First Professional League however only three can be used in a match day. Those non-EU nationals with European ancestry can claim citizenship from the nation their ancestors came from. If a player does not have European ancestry he can claim Bulgarian citizenship after playing in Bulgaria for 5 years.

Notable Players

The footballers enlisted below have international caps for their respective countries or more than 100 caps for Tsarsko Selo. Players whose name is listed in bold represented their countries.

Bulgaria
 Veselin Minev
 Yordan Minev
 Ivan Čvorović
 Ventsislav Hristov

Records and notable stats

Players in bold are still playing for Tsarsko Selo.

Records and notable stats

Club Records

 Biggest home win in First League: Tsarsko Selo 2–1 Beroe Stara Zagora (23 August 2019)
 Biggest away win in First League: Botev Plovdiv 0–2 Tsarsko Selo (10 August 2019)
 Biggest home loss in First League: Tsarsko Selo 0–2 Levski Sofia (5 August 2019)
 Biggest away loss in First League: Ludogorets Razgrad 2–0 Tsarsko Selo (13 July 2019), Dunav Ruse 3–1 Tsarsko Selo (26 July 2019)
 Unbeaten streak in First League (single season): 3 (2019–20)
 Most consecutive wins in First League (single season): 2 (2019–20)

Past seasons

Club officials

Board of directors

Current technical body

Manager history


The British Museum Is Falling Down

The British Museum is Falling Down (1965) is a comic novel by British author David Lodge about a 25-year-old poverty-stricken student of English literature who, rather than work on his thesis (entitled "The Structure of Long Sentences in Three Modern English Novels") in the reading room of the British Museum, is distracted time and again from his work and who gets into all kinds of trouble instead.

Summary
Set in Swinging London, the novel describes one day in the life of Adam Appleby, who lives in constant fear that his wife might be pregnant again with a fourth child. As Catholics, they are denied any form of contraception and have to play "Vatican roulette" instead. Adam and Barbara have three children: Clare, Dominic, and Edward; their friends ask if they "intend working through the whole alphabet".

In the course of only one busy day several chances to make some money present themselves to Adam. For example, he is offered the opportunity to edit a deceased scholar's unpublished manuscripts; however, when he eventually has a look at them, he feels uncomfortable, realizing that the man's writings are worthless drivel. Also, at the house in Bayswater where he is supposed to get the papers, Adam has to cope with an assortment of weird characters ranging from butchers to a young virgin intent on seducing him.

Lodge's novel makes extensive use of pastiche, incorporating passages where both the motifs and the styles of writing used by various authors are imitated.  For instance, there is a Kafkaesque scene in which Adam has to renew his ticket for the British Museum Reading Room. The final chapter of the novel is a monologue by Adam's wife in the style of Molly Bloom's soliloquy in Ulysses.

This use of different styles mirrors James Joyce's Ulysses, a work that is also about a single day. When Lodge's novel first came out quite a number of reviewers and critics, not appreciating the literary allusions, found fault with Lodge for his unhomogeneous writing.

Footnotes


2009 BGL Luxembourg Open

The 2009 BGL Luxembourg Open was a tennis tournament on indoor hard courts. It was the 14th edition of the Fortis Championships Luxembourg, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2009 WTA Tour. It was held in Luxembourg, Luxembourg, from October 17 through October 25, 2009.

WTA entrants

Seeds

 seeds are based on the rankings of October 12, 2009

Other Entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Kim Clijsters
  Polona Hercog
  Mandy Minella

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Maria Elena Camerin
  Catalina Castaño
  Kirsten Flipkens
  Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová

The following players received entry as a Lucky Loser:
  Anne Kremer
  Aravane Rezaï

Champions

Singles

 Timea Bacsinszky def.  Sabine Lisicki, 6-2, 7-5
It was Bacsinszky's 1st title of the year and her career.

Doubles

 Iveta Benešová /  Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová def.  Vladimíra Uhlířová /  Renata Voráčová, 1-6, 6-0, [10-7]

External links
Official website

2009


Cerebrovascular Diseases (journal)

Cerebrovascular Diseases is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering the study of cerebrovascular diseases. It was established in 1991 by Michael G. Hennerici and Julien Bogousslavsky, and is published eight times per year by Karger Publishers. Hennerici is the journal's editor-in-chief. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 2.974.


Leighton Town F.C.

Leighton Town Football Club are an English football club located in Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire. They were established in 1885. The club plays home games at Bell Close and currently play in the .

History

Early history
Leighton Town F.C. was formed in 1885 and in their early years were winners of the Leighton and District League on several occasions.  They were one of the original members of the South Midlands League (then known as the Bedfordshire County League) in 1922, the same year they changed their name to Leighton United (a change which lasted until 1963). They were also members of the Spartan League from 1922 to 1952, but their only successes were two Spartan League Division Two titles in 1923–24 and 1927–28.

In 1952, they became founder member of the Hellenic League but after two seasons moved back to the South Midlands League. In 1965–66, Leighton finished bottom of the Premier Division, but won the title the following season.  They then returned to the Spartan League once again, followed by a two-year spell in the United Counties League before returning once again to the South Midlands League where they were to remain until 1992.

Promotion to Isthmian League
In the 1991–92 season Leighton won the South Midlands Premier Division title and stepped up to the Isthmian League, initially in Division Three, with promotion to Division Two following in 1996. The 2000–01 season brought relegation but the club bounced back in 2004, winning the title of what was now called Division Two.  That same year re-organisation of the pyramid saw them switched to the Southern League.

Craig Wells resigned from the club early into the 2012–13 season – despite a strong end to the previous campaign, however he rejoined the side as manager in June 2013. Due to heavy debt and increasing costs the club made the decision not to pay their players for the 2013–14 season, becoming the only amateur side in the division.

Wells left the manager's position again in June 2014, replaced by former Ampthill Town boss Craig Bicknell.

After only one season at the club, Bicknell was sacked as the manager, despite the team reaching their best league position in recent years, and was replaced by former Arlesey Town, Hemel Hempstead Town, Aylesbury United and Aylesbury boss Mark Eaton in June 2015,  Eaton was sacked at  the end of October 2015 following a poor run of results, however a dispute between the departing manager and the club unfolded in the local paper.

Following Leighton Town's relegation from the Southern League Division One Central in 2016, the club parted company with manager Stuart Murray.

Return to Spartan South Midlands League
Murray was replaced by former Ashford Town (Middlesex) manager Paul Burgess in June 2016, as the club prepared for their first season back in the Spartan South Midlands Football League Premier Division following their relegation. Burgess resigned in November and was replaced with Scott Reynolds as interim manager, with Adam Kirkup and Lee Halling being appointed as his assistants, and Sean Downey continuing in his role as General Manager. In May 2018, after a 4th placed finish in the league, manager Scott Reynolds resigned before being appointed as Aylesbury manager shortly afterwards. On 16 May, former Hemel Hempstead Town manager Danny Nicholls was appointed as his successor. However, in October 2018, Nicholls resigned after just 12 league games due to a poor run of form, with Aylesbury manager Reynolds also resigning just two days later. Joe Sweeney and Paul Copson were appointed as joint managers to replace Nicholls shortly after.

Club honours
Isthmian League Division Two:
 Winners: 2003–04
Isthmian League Division Three:
 Runners-up: 1995–96
South Midlands League Premier Division:
 Winners: 1966–67, 1991–92
South Midlands League Division One :
 Runners-up: 1978–79

Club records
Best league performance:
 7th in Southern League Division One Central, 2010–11
Best FA Cup performance:
 4th qualifying round, 2007–08
Best FA Trophy performance:
 1st round, 2005–06
Best FA Vase performance:
 Quarter-finals, 2017–18, 2019–20

Former players

Sources


2011 Sacramento Mountain Lions season

The  Sacramento Mountain Lions season was the third season for the United Football League franchise. The team finished with a 1–3 record and fourth in the league.

Offseason

UFL Draft

Personnel

Staff

Roster

Schedule

Standings

Game summaries

Week 1: vs. Las Vegas Locomotives

Week 3: vs. Omaha Nighthawks

Week 4: at Virginia Destroyers

Week 5: Virginia Destroyers

Week 6: at Omaha Nighthawks


Utror

Utror, also spelt Atror, is a valley which is located in the Dir District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It is surrounded by snow clad mountains, green pastures and waterfalls.  The area of the valley is about . Utror is  away from Kalam Valley and  from Saidu Sharif.

Utror is surrounded by Bhan valley on the east, Upper Dir District on the west, Kalam on the south and Gabral on the north. The altitude of the valley at Utror proper is  and reaches to  2900 at Kundol Lake.


2019 Kohistan mine collapse

On 6 January 2019, it was reported that a mine shaft in the Kohistan District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan had collapsed, killing 30 people. The makeshift shaft was reportedly being used to mine gold. Afghan government sources noted that the mining operation was unregulated and illegal, and that most of the miners were local villagers trying to supplement their incomes through rudimentary gold mining.


Wonder Cave (Kromdraai, Gauteng)

The Wonder Cave, in Kromdraai, Gauteng, South Africa, is the third-largest cave chamber in the country. The single chamber has an area of , and is .

It was discovered in the late nineteenth century by miners who dynamited and excavated limestone for the making of cement. Mining stopped during the Second Boer War, and never resumed.

The cave has about 14 stalactite and stalagmite formations up to 15 metres high, 85% of which are still growing. The 60-metre-deep cave is accessible to visitors by elevator, and is located within the Rhino and Lion Nature Reserve, in the Cradle of Humankind, a World Heritage Site.


Linda Hsieh-Wilson

Linda Carol Hsieh-Wilson is an American chemist. She is known for her work in chemical neurobiology and is currently a professor of chemistry at the California Institute of Technology. She is also a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and an adjunct professor at the Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Biography
Hsieh-Wilson was born in New York City, NY and received her bachelor's degree in chemistry at Yale University, where she graduated magna cum laude. She then completed her Ph.D. in 1996 at the University of California, Berkeley, where she was a National Science Foundation Fellow in the laboratory of Peter G. Schultz and studied antibody-based catalysis. She then joined the lab of Professor and Nobel Prize Laureate Paul Greengard at Rockefeller University until 2000. There she characterized the protein phosphatase and actin-binding protein spinophilin and investigated its role in dendritic spines. Hsieh-Wilson then obtained an appointment at the Department of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology in 2000 as an assistant professor and  became an investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in 2005. She then became an associate professor of chemistry in 2006 and was appointed a full professor of chemistry at the California Institute of Technology in 2010.

Research interests

Overview
Hsieh-Wilson's research is at the interface between organic chemistry and neuroscience. She investigates how the post-translational addition of glycans affect the structure and function of proteins in the nervous system. Her laboratory has developed a chemoenzymatic method to tag proteins that have been appended with a dynamic form of glycosylation called O-GlcNAc. Her work with glycosaminoglycan microarrays has significantly advanced an understanding of specific sulfated glycosaminoglycans in neuronal communication, learning, and memory as well as advanced the field of chemical biology. She has demonstrated how fucosylation can modulate neurite growth and neuronal morphology.

O-GlcNAc Glycosylation
Hsieh-Wilson and her colleagues have found that the covalent-modifications of intercellular proteins by O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) within the mammalian nervous system have a large role in the regulation of gene expression, neuronal signaling, and synaptic plasticity. This post-translational modification, has been analysed in the rat brain using a novel chemoenzymatic strategy wherein O-GlcNAc modified proteins are selectively labeled with fluorescent or biotin tags. This technique developed by Hsieh-Wilson and her lab has revealed over 200 O-GlcNAc modified proteins within the mammalian brain and such modifications have been shown to activate transcriptional function of proteins, regulate cancer metabolism, regulate gene expression and memory formation, and carry out many other tasks in the brain and beyond.

Glycosaminoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans are heterogeneously sulfated oligosaccharides that are very important in nervous system development, spinal cord injury, inflammation and cancer metastasis. Hsieh-Wilson's research on this subject implicates the specific sulfation sequence of glycosaminoglycans as a way to modulate biological function. Specifically, her work with chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS), the two most common glycosaminoglycans in the nervous system, has shown that this "sulfation code" functions as a molecular recognition element for growth factors and modulates neuronal growth, indicating that these specific sulfated glycosaminoglycans play a major role in neuronal communication, learning, and memory. Additionally, Hsieh-Wilson has elucidated the role of this sulfation in glycosaminoglycan-protein interaction using a carbohydrate microarray-based approach developed in her lab.

Notable papers
The Web of Science lists 51 publications in peer-reviewed scientific journals that have been cited over 1200 times, leading to an h-index of 21. Her three most cited papers (>90 times) are:

Awards and honors
 Beckman Young Investigators Award (2000)
 Research Corporation Research Innovation Award (2000)
 Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship (2003)
 Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry (2006)
 Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award (2008)
 Gill Young Investigator Award in Neuroscience (2009)


Tijuana Country Club

The Tijuana Country Club (Club Campestre de Tijuana) is a country club located in Tijuana. The Country Club was the site of the historic Agua Caliente Open and Tijuana Open Invitational, former golf tournaments on the PGA Tour. The country club, as well as the accompanying golf course is located in Blvd. Agua Caliente .

History
The golf course was originally designed in 1927 by William P. Bell. The site of the Agua Caliente Open, the course hosted professional golf players including Gene Sarazen, Paul Runyan, Dutch Harrison, and Ernie Vossler. Though the clientele of the Club has become increasingly Mexican over the years, it remains popular with golfers across the border in California.

Course


Alberto Lorenzelli Rossi

Alberto Ricardo Lorenzelli Rossi, S.D.B. (born 2 September 1953) is an Argentina-born priest of the Catholic Church who has been appointed auxiliary bishop of Santiago, Chile. He is a member of the Salesians of Don Bosco and has held positions of administrative responsibility within that order in both Chile and Italy.

Biography
He was born on 2 September 1953 in Isidro Casanova, in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, to a family of Italian immigrants that returned to Italy in the 1970s. He entered the novitiate of the Salesian Society of Saint John Bosco on 8 September 1972 in Pinerolo, Italy, and professed his perpetual vows on 15 September 1977. He completed his studies in philosophy and theology at the major seminary of Fassolo, a neighborhood of Genoa, Italy. He took his final vows on 15 September 1977.

He earned a licentiate in theology at the Pontifical Urban University in Rome and pursued advanced studies in psychological science at the Pontifical Salesian University in Rome.

He was ordained a priest on 24 January 1981 in Genoa Sampierdarena, Italy, by Bishop Rosalio José Castillo Lara.

He was director of the Salesian community in Genoa Sampierdarena from 1997 to 2002, provincial of the Ligurian-Tuscan Salesian Province from 2002 to 2008, president of the Italian Federation of Male Institutes of Consecrated Life in 2005, and Inspector of the Salesian Province of Central Italy from 2008 to 2012. He was Provincial Superior of the Salesian Province in Chile from 1 March 2012 to 27 January 2018, when he became director of the Salesian Community in the Vatican and chaplain of the Directorate of Security Services and Civil Protection of the Vatican City State.

While leading the Salesians in Chile in 2013, he pledged cooperation with civil authorities when they charged Salesian Fr. Audín Araya Alarcón with sexual abuse.

On 22 May 2019, Pope Francis named him titular bishop of Sesta and auxiliary bishop of Santiago, Chile. He and Carlos Eugenio Irarrázaval Errázuriz, also named an auxiliary of Santiago that day, were the first bishops appointed in Chile following the Rome conference at which all of Chile's bishops submitted their resignations in May 2018 and the first since the March 2019 appointment of an apostolic administrator to lead the Archdiocese.  On 14 June 2019, The Archdiocese of Santiago announced that Pope Francis accepted Irarrázaval"s resignation from that appointment after he suggested there is a reason why the Last Supper had no women, thus making Lorenzelli the first Chilean Catholic Bishop to be installed since 2018.

Lorenzelli received his episcopal consecration on 22 June 2019 from Pope Francis himself in the Vatican's Saint Peter's Bascilica, with Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone and Bishop Celestino Aós Braco serving as the co-consecrators.

Notes


Él (Lucero album)

Él is the debut album from Mexican pop music singer and actress Lucerito. It was released in 1982 when she was 13 years old, and she had a great acceptance in the Mexican audience. This album is also known with the title Te Prometo. It was produced by Sergio Andrade.

History
Lucerito was launched to fame by Sergio Andrade, who from the time when she auditioned, he realized that with the talent and charisma of the girl and his genius as a producer and talent scout, would make her an international star.

In 1982, Sergio Andrade composed the song "Juguemos a Cantar" and recorded with Lucerito, also for his own record company Discos Arpegios, where he provided the arrangements, direction and production. In that same year, Sergio Andrade sells the recording contract he had signed originally with Lucerito, and from that moment he remains as a composer, arranger, producer, musical director and representative of her, becoming the company Discos Musart the one that would fund and publish the albums of the young singer.

When the album was released for the first time, it was under the name of "Te Prometo", but after the release of a movie with the same name, the company decided to reissue and title it "Él".

Track listing
The album is composed by ten songs, all of them were arranged, directed and produced by Sergio Andrade, except where it's indicated.

Singles


Cigar (disambiguation)

A cigar is a roll of tobacco.

Cigar or the Cigar can also stand for:

As an acronym
 CIGAR (aviation), a mnemonic for pre-takeoff checklists (Controls, Instruments, Gas, Attitude, Run-Up)
 CIGAR string, a representation of sequence alignment in Bioinformatics (Compact Idiosyncratic Gapped Alignment Report)
 CII GUI Architecture

People
 Delbert Daisey (1928–2017), American waterfowl wood carver and decoy maker known as "Cigar" Daisey
 Marvin Elkind (aka "the Weasel" or "the Cigar"), Jimmy Hoffa's driver and subject of The Weasel: A Double Life in the Mob, a 2011 biography
 Carmine Galante (1910–1979), American mobster also known as "Cigar"
 Paul McKinney (1925–2013), American poker player

Race horses
 Cigar (horse) (1990–2014), an American Thoroughbred racehorse
 Cigar, a steeplechase horse that flourished around 1841

Other uses
Cigar (band), an American punk rock band
 Cigar Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada - see Cigar Lake Mine


Macroglossum sitiene

Macroglossum sitiene, the crisp-banded hummingbird hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae described by Francis Walker in 1856.

Distribution
It is known from Sri Lanka, eastern India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, southern China, Taiwan, southern Japan (the Ryukyu Archipelago), Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia and Sumatra, Indonesia.

Description
The wingspan is 46–56 mm. The thorax is olive green. Forewings are without reddish tinge and the antemedial band is filled in black and recurved along the inner margin. The first two postmedial lines rather more angled below the costa. There is a black subapical streak and spot on the terminal segment of the abdomen strongly developed. A yellow band can be seen on the hindwings. Ventral side consist with three transverse lines on hindwing. Larva is polymorphic, with both green and brown forms. Horn is long and slightly up-curved. Head and thorax of pupa is dull greenish grey, and the rest of the body is brownish grey.

Ecology
Adults are attracted to Duranta erecta and Lantana camara blossoms. They prefer flowers low down on bushes, and fly very close to the ground when approaching.

Larvae have been recorded feeding on Paederia scandens in Hong Kong, Morinda umbellata and Paederia tomentosa farther north in China and mainly Morinda citridora in Thailand.


Gotcha! (band)

Gotcha! is a Dutch Funk Band founded in 1989; their music, a mixture of sixties-trip-rock with funk and hip-hop, is influenced by George Clinton.

History

1989-1993
Gotcha! took part in national band contest de Grote Prijs van Nederland; they settled for bronze but were offered a record-contract. In 1991 they released their debut album Words and Music from the Lowlands included the singles "Da Ten Is Mightier Than the Sword" and "Mathilda the Wicked Witch". In 1992 they previewed new tracks on a radio and TV concert with 17-year-old rapper Michael Parkinson of later Postmen-fame standing in for Ten. The studio-versions of "Naked", "MTV-ling" and "Where Have You Been So Long" appeared in 1993 on GOTCHA! GOTCHA! GOTCHA!, but the rock 'n roll-lifestyle that the band bought into had taken its toll. Singer/guitarist Robadope Ro and rapper 'Rockattack Ten' staged a fistfight during a gig in France and the original line-up fell apart.
Ro lived down his Gotcha!-years by dj-ing in Tokyo; upon his return to the Netherlands he joined freakcore-band  as a guitarist and songwriter.
Drummer Martijn Bosman moved to Beeswamp in an attempt "to recapture that Gotcha!-vibe".
Percussionist Rudi Conga performed with Hipbone Connection.

1995-1998
Gotcha! continued in a new line-up including guitarist Koen Fu. In 1995 they released  Four: It! The Terra-P-Funk from Beyond Space (single: "Babies"). Ten left a year later to pursue a solo-career; he recorded two albums, toured with George Clinton and moved to London (although New York was his first option).

Ro, Bosman and Rudi reunited as founding members of Ro & Paradise Funk; they released two albums that found critical acclaim, but no commercial success. The band were forced to split when a hernia kept Ro grounded for a year.
Bosman went on to play with upcoming-stars Ilse de Lange and Kane. Rudi spent the summer of '99 performing as a vocalist with the one-off band Kor en de Amigos at travelling-festival De Parade; he then took over Martijn's column-page in free music-monthly FRET.

2002-2005
The remaining members staged a comeback-tour and released a live-album as well as a Dutch-language-single ("Je Moet Je Bek Houwe", about the fine art of keeping your mouth shut). Nico 'Kid Crash' Noot shared rhymes with junior rappers De Moordgasten, the omitted MC Krimson and Osdorp Posse-frontman Def P. It became their biggest hit ever.

Meanwhile, departed members Koen Fu and I-Repeat found commercial success with their reggae-band Beef.

Ro, also a drummer and compere for De Grote Prijs, formed breakbeat-soulband OlaBola with Rudi and former RPF-organist Nico Brandsen. Their debut-single "Problems" was originally used in a TV commercial and secured them a string of festival dates. By early 2005 Ro fell out with Brandsen and OlaBola broke up. Rudi and Martijn appeared at the Pinkpop Festival as JunkieXL's touring musicians; they backed former Republica-singer Saffron among others.

2008-2019
In 2008 music-monthly OOR published an article on Gotcha! as part of a lookback on Dutch pop-music's 50-year history. A reunion of the original band was considered; Ro agreed but eventually quit the music-scene altogether. Thus members of both line-ups merged into Gotcha All Stars; they toured from 2009 till 2011.

The same year Rudi and I-Repeat formed , a reggae-band playing converted covers of classic Dutch-language songs by artists as Andre Hazes, Willy Alberti and  (the latter ending up on a re-recording of her own hit "Mooi Was Die Tijd"). They're planning a follow-up to their 2011 debut album. Members of Gotcha! and Jah6 also performed in Rudi's covers band The Graaffy.

In 2016, Dutch leading music website Maxazine.nl announced E1 Ten was leaving the band. In January 2019, E1 Ten finally released 'The Lovefunk', with the help of amongst others (ex-) Gotcha!-members Martijn Bosman, Michael Parkinson, Janice Williams and Rudi de Graaff.

Discography

External links
 no official site known


Higger Tor

Higger Tor or Higgar Tor is a dominant landmark of the Dark Peak, in the north of the Peak District National Park. It is a gritstone tor overlooking the Burbage Valley and the iron age hill fort of Carl Wark to the southeast.

The tor stands to the south west of Sheffield, just within the city boundary, about  east of the border with Derbyshire, which runs along the nearby road to Ringinglow.  The village of Hathersage is approximately  to the west.

A scene from the 1987 film The Princess Bride was filmed nearby at Carl Wark with  Higger Tor visible in the background.


Ware (CDP), Massachusetts

Ware is a census-designated place (CDP) comprising the main village in the town of Ware in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. The population of the CDP was 6,170 at the 2010 census, out of a total town population of 9,872. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
The Ware CDP is located in the southeast corner of the town of Ware at  (42.259965, -72.245841). The CDP is bordered by the town of West Brookfield to the east, Warren to the southeast, Palmer to the south, and the rest of the town of Ware to the west and north.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which  are land and , or 2.15%, are water. The Ware River flows through the center of the village, running southwest to join the Quaboag River in Palmer, forming the Chicopee River.

Massachusetts Route 9 runs through the center of Ware as Main Street, leading east  to Worcester and northwest  to Amherst. Massachusetts Route 32 joins Route 9 through the center of Ware but follows the Ware River valley, leading northeast  to Barre and southwest  to Palmer.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 6,174 people, 2,685 households, and 1,592 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 386.4/km² (999.9/mi²). There were 2,906 housing units at an average density of 181.8/km² (470.6/mi²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.59% White, 0.73% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.59% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.74% of the population.

There were 2,685 households out of which 28.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.5% were married couples living together, 14.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the CDP, the population was spread out with 24.9% under the age of 18, 9.2% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 20.1% from 45 to 64, and 17.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $31,138, and the median income for a family was $35,805. Males had a median income of $36,348 versus $25,411 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $17,906. About 11.5% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over.


Warlords of Atlantis

Warlords of Atlantis is a 1978 British science fiction/fantasy film directed by Kevin Connor and starring Doug McClure, Peter Gilmore, Shane Rimmer, and Lea Brodie. The plot concerns a trip to the lost world of Atlantis. The screenplay was by Brian Hayles. It was filmed in colour with monaural sound and English dialogue, and runs for 96 minutes. Warlords of Atlantis received a Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) rating of PG. It was novelised by Paul Victor. The film has also been released under the title Warlords of the Deep.

Plot

Around the beginning of the 20th century, British archaeologist Professor Aitken and his son, Charles, have chartered a ship called the Texas Rose to take them out to sea, where they plan to dive underwater in a diving bell designed by engineer Greg Collinson. Although everyone aboard the ship, including Greg, thinks that the Professors Aitken are just going to look at fish, Charles and his father are secretly searching for proof of the existence of the lost city of Atlantis. He and Greg find it on their first dive, but are attacked by a reptilian sea monster, which comes through the bottom of the diving bell, but Greg is able to fend it off by sticking a live wire into its mouth, electrocuting it.

Immediately following this, Greg and Charles discover a statue made of solid gold, which is then hoisted up to the Texas Rose. Deckhands Grogan, Fenn and Jacko desire the gold statue for themselves and hatch a scheme to steal it. Grogan cuts the line to the diving bell, trapping Greg and Charles at the bottom of the sea, and then one of the three mutinous sailors shoots the elder Professor Aitken in the back. As Grogan goes to attack Daniels, the Texas Rose's captain, a gigantic octopus known as the Sentinel, sent by the inhabitants of Atlantis, attacks the ship. Daniels, Grogan, Fenn and Jacko are kidnapped by the octopus and taken to Atlantis along with Greg and Charles in the diving bell.

The six castaways find themselves washed ashore within a vast, air-filled cavern beneath the ocean floor. Here they are greeted by Atmir, one of the Atlantean ruling class, and the eyeless-helmeted, spear-wielding Guardians, who promise to take them "to safety". En route, Greg, Charles and the others are told by Atmir that Atlantis is not just one city, but seven cities, the first two of which have been "lost beneath the waters of the outer limits forever" and the third one, Troya, is now deserted and empty. Atmir takes the surface-dwellers through the causeway, a prehistoric swamp inhabited by a millipede-like monster called the Mogdaan, and then on to Vaar, the fourth city. Once here, Greg and the others are thrown into a dungeon — all, that is, except for Charles. As a scientist, he is deemed intelligent enough to be granted an audience with Atraxon and Atsil, the king and queen of Atlantis in Chinqua, the fifth city. They wish to make Charles one of them, and explain how they originally came from Mars and are using their mind powers to shape human history.

Meanwhile, Greg and the Texas Rose crew make friends with Briggs, the captain of the Mary Celeste and unofficial leader of the Atlanteans' human slaves, and his daughter, Delphine. Briggs informs them they are to be slaves to protect Vaar from the constant attacks of creatures known as Zaargs. They will be given gills so they can never leave Atlantis and return to the oxygen-rich surface world, as the Atlanteans, being originally from Mars, breathe a different atmosphere. A convenient Zaarg attack allows Greg and the others to escape from their cell, but also claims the life of Briggs who is devoured by a Zaarg. With her father dead, a distraught Delphine helps Greg and the crew escape from their cells and shows them a way into Atraxon's palace in Chinqua through the sewers so that they can rescue Charles.

Greg, Daniels and Grogan go with her, leaving Fenn and Jacko to guard the tunnel entrance. Charles is enjoying his newfound status amongst the intellectual Atlanteans and may not even want to be rescued, especially once they show him the "utopia" they aim to create on Earth, leaving him drunk with dreams of power.

When they finally reach Charles, he refuses to leave, but Greg deals him a knock-out blow and they carry him away from the influence of the Atlanteans. After regaining consciousness, Charles then clears his head and chooses to escape with Greg and the rest. They steal some rifles the Atlantians have acquired from a ship they plundered and retrace the route they took through the causeway when being brought to Vaar.

They again encounter the Mogdaan, which kills Jacko, and just about make it through a swamp filled with piranha-like fish that leap out of the water, before finally reaching the diving bell. However, Admir and the Guardians are there waiting for them, having used underground canals to rush ahead to retrieve Charles. Using some form of telekinesis, Admir causes the sea water to erupt violently so as to discourage Greg and the rest from fleeing. But they take a chance and dive into the water, while Delphine, who Greg knows cannot leave with them, covers their escape.

Greg bids Delphine farewell and joins the rest in the diving bell, which he manages to get working, and they escape from Atlantis. They rise to the surface (somehow without a cable lifting) and make it back to the Texas Rose. Once on deck they are met by Sandy, the ship's cabin boy, who has been caring for Charles' father since he was shot. Holding Fenn and Grogan at gun point, he tells Greg and Charles what had happened while they were in the diving bell.

Daniels convinces Sandy to hand over the pistols, but then points them at Sandy, Greg and Charles, revealing that it was he who shot the professor, who had refused his offer to make a profit out of their discovery. Fenn and Grogan lock them up with Charles' father, but as they ponder on what to do with them, the Sentinel attacks and begins to tear the ship apart. Daniels is crushed by the statue, while everyone else escapes by life boat. Adrift, Charles jokes “We'll just have to be better prepared next time”.

Cast
Doug McClure as Greg Collinson
Peter Gilmore as Charles Aitken
Shane Rimmer as Captain Daniels
Lea Brodie as Delphine
Michael Gothard as Atmir
Cyd Charisse as Atsil
Daniel Massey as Atraxon
John Ratzenberger as Fenn
Hal Galili as Grogan
Derry Power as Jacko
Robert Brown as Captain Briggs
Donald Bisset as Professor Aitken
Ashley Knight as Sandy

Production
The film was the fourth action-fantasy collaboration between Kevin Connor and Doug McClure. The first three were made by Amicus Productions, which had since wound up: this movie was made EMI Films, then run by Michael Deeley and Barry Spikings, and Columbia.

Filming started 5 September 1977. Location filming on Malta began on 1 October. A large amount of footage was shot on the island of Gozo. Filming ended 13 January 1978.

Title
The film was originally known as Atlantis. However it was decided to change the title to avoid confusion with Atlantis, the Lost Continent (1961). So the title became 7 Cities of Atlantis. Then the TV series The Man from Atlantis flopped and executives did not want to associate the film with that show, so it became Warlords of the Deep. However Columbia, who partly financed, thought this was too close to The Deep so the title was changed again to Warlords of Atlantis.

Reception

Box office
The film was the 15th most successful movie in the UK in 1978.

Critics
Variety noted "The one not inconsiderable virtue of the script is that it keeps the pot boiling. Direction by Kevin Connor and the editing keep the eye-filling pace brisk. The cliched characters are played in workmanlike fashion by all hands"; Time Out wrote "As always, Connor's approach is commendably stolid, but this production lacks almost all the more pleasing elements of the earlier movies, and is sickeningly vulgar in its portrayal of Atlantis, right down to the leering emphasis on Cyd Charisse's legs"; TV Guide wrote "It's silly but harmless and won't offend anyone under 12 years of age"; and The Spinning Image noted the film was "scripted by former Doctor Who writer Brian Hayles, and has a similar strain of British idiosyncrasy about it, despite being an American co-production. Rest assured, the rubber monsters familiar from the first three films are present and correct, as is the piling on of incident and special effects, regardless of how convincing they are on screen...it's a fairly enjoyable ride with generally witty  and plentiful action. And where else can you get to see Doug McClure beat up Cliff from Cheers?"

Novelization
The novelisation by Paul Victor was published in 1978, as a tie-in to the film, by Futura Publications Limited. Told entirely from the point of view of Greg Collinson, it follows the movie more or less faithfully. Notable changes, however, include the addition of a fourth crew member, Chuck, and the attack by flying fish — which in the film occurs as the surface-dwellers are escaping across the causeway — happens much earlier during their approach to Vaar.


Draksin

Draksin is a village in the municipality of Bajina Bašta, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of  144 people.


Jack Birchall

John "Jack" Birchall (1876–unknown) was an English footballer. He played for Blackpool and Blackburn Rovers.

Career
Birchall began his career with Liverpool in 1899 as a 23-year-old, but did not make any League appearances for the Anfield club. He joined Blackpool the following year and went on to make 86 League appearances and score three goals for the Seasiders. He made his debut for the club in the opening League game of the 1900–01 season, a goalless draw at New Brighton Tower on 1 September. He went on to make a further 29 appearances that campaign, scoring twice. His first goal came in a 3–1 victory at Gainsborough Trinity on 5 January; the second in a 3–0 home win over Stockport County on 23 February.

His second season at Blackpool saw his being an ever-present, starting in all 34 League games.

In 1902–03, his final season at the seaside, Birchall made 22 starts and scored one goal — in a 2–0 victory over Stockport County at Bloomfield Road. His final appearance for the club occurred on 28 March, in a 5–1 defeat at Small Heath.

In April 1902 he moved across Lancashire to join Blackburn Rovers, for whom he made 39 League appearances and scored three goals.


Waupeton, Iowa

Waupeton is an unincorporated community in Dubuque County, Iowa, United States.

Notes


Shahnaz

Shahnaz () or Shehnaz is a  given name and surname, generally to a girl. The name is made from شاه (Shah, "king"), and ناز (Naz, "pride"), so the name means "pride of the king".

Shahnaaz is a female Dari name that can be translated in English as "sweet music".

Also spelled Shahnaz or Shaanaaz-Shaan in Hindi means: stately, elegant, a style of eloquence, "Naaz": pride

Notable bearers
Shahnaz Pahlavi (born 1940), Iranian princess
Shahnaz Sheikh, Pakistani field hockey player
Shehnaz Sheikh, Pakistani actress
Shahnaz Husain, Indian entrepreneur
Shahnaz Bukhari, Pakistani clinical psychologist, and activist. Founder and director of the NGO Progressive Women’s Association (PWA)
Shahnaz Pakravan, radio and television presenter
Shahnaz Rahmatullah, Bangladeshi singer who is very popular in Bangladesh and Pakistan. She gained popularity when she sang in Pakistani films.. Her brother Zafar Iqbal (actor) was one of the most popular hero in the Bangladesh Film industry
Shahnaz Wazir Ali, social activist and a Special Assistant to the Prime Minister of Pakistan. She is the chairperson of Higher Education Commission (HEC)
Jalil Shahnaz (born 1921), Iranian tar player born in 1921 in Isfahan

Places
Sarab-e Shahnaz, a village in Iran
Shahnaz street, a street in Tabriz, Iran. The street is well-known because of its distinct architecture, the churches and shops. It is passing through few of Tabriz old suburbs including Baron Avak and Emamiye connecting them to the city center and Bazaar of Tabriz

External links
My Baby


Christian Campbell (cornerback)

Christian Campbell (born November 27, 1995) is an American football cornerback who is currently a free agent. He played college football at Penn State.

Professional career

Arizona Cardinals
Campbell was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals in the sixth round (182nd overall) of the 2018 NFL Draft. The pick used to select him was previously acquired from the Denver Broncos in exchange for Jared Veldheer. On May 11, 2018, he signed his rookie contract. He was waived on September 1, 2018.

New Orleans Saints
On October 17, 2018, Campbell was signed to the New Orleans Saints practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Saints on January 21, 2019. He was waived/injured on July 30, 2019 and placed on injured reserve. He was waived from injured reserve on August 22.

San Francisco 49ers
On August 27, 2019, Campbell was signed by the San Francisco 49ers. He was waived during final roster cuts on August 30, 2019.


Judsonia, Arkansas

Judsonia
is a city in White County, Arkansas, United States. Stan Robinson is the current mayor.  The population was 2,019 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which  is land and  (1.31%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,982 people, 733 households, and 529 families residing in the city.  The population density was 659.5 people per square mile (254.2/km²).  There were 816 housing units at an average density of 271.5/sq mi (104.7/km²).  The racial makeup of the city was 94.05% White, 2.32% Black or African American, 0.71% Native American, 0.10% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.31% from other races, and 1.46% from two or more races.  2.32% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 733 households out of which 29.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.8% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.7% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.94.

In the city, the population was spread out with 22.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.6% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.2 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $25,660, and the median income for a family was $31,176. Males had a median income of $25,774 versus $16,852 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,891.  About 12.0% of families and 15.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 18.4% of those under age 18 and 20.8% of those age 65 or over.

History
Originally known as Prospect Bluff, the town was founded in 1840 by Erastus Gregory.  In 1871 a Baptist school, Judson University, was established in the area. A few months later the name Prospect Bluff was changed to Judsonia, after Baptist missionary Adoniram Judson, to help promote the school, which drew many northerners to the area.

Though the school died in 1883, the town streets still bear the names of several well-known 19th-century Baptists:  Judson and Hasseltine (after Adoniram Judson and his wife, Ann Hasseltine Judson), Wayland (after Francis Wayland, president of Brown University in Rhode Island), Wade (after missionary Jonathan Wade) and Boardman (after missionary George Boardman, whose widow, Sarah Hall Boardman became Judson's second wife).

On the evening of March 21, 1952, tornadoes swept Arkansas leaving 111 dead. Fifty of those fatalities were in Judsonia and the near vicinity.  It was reported that the only building in the town not damaged was the Methodist church, which stands today in the city's downtown area along Van Buren Street.

"That's Judsonia" by William Ewing Orr (1957, White County Printing Company) is a history of the community. Judsonia is home to a yearly festival called Prospect Bluff Days in honor of the towns origins.

Education
Elementary and secondary education is provided by two school districts:

 Most of the city is within the Riverview School District, including Riverrview Junior High School and Riverview High School in Searcy. Judsonia Elementary School is a part of this district. The Riverview district is the result of a consolidation, effective July 1, 1991, of the Judsonia, Kensett, and Griffithville school districts.
 A small section of the city is within the White County Central School District, where students attend White County Central High School; both are based in a nearby unincorporated area near the Providence community.

Judsonia residents are served by Baldwin-Kittler Memorial Library, a branch library of the White County Regional Library System.

Notable people
 Beth Ditto, musician who grew up in Judsonia
 Jeremy Gillam, farmer from Judsonia and Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives
 Lonnie Glosson, an early blues harmonica player


Hugh Boulton Morphy

Hugh Boulton Morphy (March 12, 1860 – September 23, 1932) was a lawyer and political figure in Ontario, Canada. He represented Perth North in the House of Commons of Canada from 1911 to 1921 as a Conservative.

He was born in St. Mary's, Canada West, the son of Edmund Morphy and Susan Nowlan, and was educated there and at Osgoode Hall. Morphy practised law in Listowel. In 1890, he married Magdalene Hess.  He defeated James Palmer Rankin in the federal elections of 1911 and 1917, running as a Unionist Party member in 1917. He was defeated by Rankin when he ran for reelection to the House of Commons in 1921.

Morphy also served on the municipal council for Listowel and on the local school board. He was considered one of the best all round cricketers in Canada of his time. Morphy died in Listowel at the age of 72.


George Christopher Archibald

George Christopher Archibald (30 December 1926 – 22 February 1996), briefly 2nd Baron Archibald in 1975, also known as Chris Archibald, was a British economist, a researcher and professor.  He played a significant role in building the new University of Essex into a premier UK research centre for the social sciences in the 1960s.

Richard Lipsey (1996), a friend and colleague, in reviewing Archibald's last book, Information, Incentives, and the Economics of Control (1992) usefully summarises his approach to economics. He was  "firmly in the camp of those who accept the practical value of the price system as a coordinator of decentralized decision making while rejecting the cruder versions of Chicagoism that everything produced by the price system is optimal." And while emphasising "the virtues of the price system" noted that "its unaided operations were, in his own words, 'not beyond human wit to improve upon.'" (Lipsey, 1996, p1005-6)

Archibald was born in Scotland the first son of Dorothy Archibald and George Archibald, 1st Baron Archibald.  He completed high school at Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire, and received his bachelor's degree in history from Cambridge University in 1943.  After military service in WWII and Palestine, he completed a Bachelor of Science in economics at the London School of Economics in 1951.

After graduation Archibald taught in Otago, New Zealand, but returned to the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1955 and was appointed to the staff.  He was one of the founding members of the LSE Staff Seminar on Methodology, Measurement and Testing.  He left LSE in 1964 to join the staff at the newly created University of Essex, where he received a professor's chair in 1967. In 1971, he moved to the University of British Columbia.  Also in 1971 he married Daphne May Vincent Henman, his second wife. Upon the death of his father, instead of becoming Baron Archibald, he renounced the peerage, expressing the opinion that hereditary honours were empty honours. He retired from the University of British Columbia in 1991 and returned to Scotland.

Selected publications
 with R. G. Lipsey (1958) "Monetary and Value Theory: A Critique of Lange and Patinkin" The Review of Economic Studies 26(1): pp. 1–22, , applied Patinkin's theory to stock flows and stock equilibrium and developed that relationship for the first in modern monetary economics.
 (1967) "Refutation or Comparison" The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science  17(4): pp. 279–296, , detailed some of what measurement and testing can and cannot accomplish.
 (1992) Information, Incentives, and the Economics of Control Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England,  (new edition republished in 2005), is considered a staple in the field.


Prymnesiophyceae

Prymnesiophyceae is a haptophyte class. Although it was originally described by Casper in 1972, it did not receive a Latin diagnosis (a requirement for valid publication under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature) until Hibberd provided one in 1976.


Happoshu

Happoshu (発泡酒 happōshu lit. "sparkling alcoholic beverage"), or low-malt beer, is a tax category of Japanese liquor that most often refers to a beer-like beverage with less than 67% malt content. The alcoholic beverage is popular among consumers for having a lower tax than beverages that the nation's law classifies as "beer." Although the happoshu label is most frequently found on low-malt beer or beer-like products, alcopops that contain malt are also categorized as happoshu.

Japan's alcohol tax system divides beer-like malt beverages into four categories based on malt content: 67% or higher, 50 to 67%, 25 to 50%, and less than 25%.  An alcoholic beverage based on malt is classified as beer if the weight of malt extract exceeds 67% of the fermentable ingredients.  Since Suntory's introduction in 1994 of Hop's Draft, containing 65% malt, a market has emerged for low-malt, and recently, non-malt beer substitutes.

With alcohol tax revenues decreasing as a result of happoshu's popularity, the Japanese government eventually raised the nation's tax on low malt beers. In 1996, the tax for products containing 50 to 67% malt was raised to that of beer. Brewers followed suit by lowering the malt content of their products. Today, most happoshu contains less than 25% malt, putting it in the lowest tax category of low-malt beer.  In recent years, Japanese brewers have released dozens of brands in an attempt to increase their market share.  Many of these are marketed as more healthy products, with reduced carbohydrates and purines.  Another trend is to use unmalted barley, such as in Sapporo's Mugi 100% Nama-shibori.

Beer-flavored beverages collectively dubbed "the third beer"(第三のビール, dai-san no bīru) by the mass media have been developed to compete with happoshu. These  alcoholic products fall under categories not yet as highly taxed. The third beer beverages either use malt alternatives, or they are a mix of happoshu and another type of alcohol. When comparing 350 ml cans, the third beer brands can be 10 to 25 yen cheaper than happoshu.

In July 2012, Suntory, which had been the first company to sell happoshu, announced that it will stop selling it by Autumn 2012.

Due to the nature of allowable ingredients in beverages that can legally be sold as "beer" in Japan (malted barley/wheat, hops, and adjuncts rice, corn, sorghum, potato, sugar/caramel, and starch), many imported Belgian beers and North American craft beers are also designated as "happōshu", despite meeting the 67% malt requirement. This is somewhat similar to traditional German beer regulations' exclusion of foreign brews from the local definition of "beer". (See: Reinheitsgebot)

Brands
 Happoshu from 25% to 50% malt content:
 Happoshu with less than 25% malt content:
 Hokkaido Nama-shibori Migaki-mugi (Sapporo)
 Hon-nama (Asahi), available in Red and Aqua Blue label (low-carb) versions
 Diet-nama　Clear Taste (Suntory)
 Magnum Dry Golden Dry (Suntory)
 Cool Draft (Asahi)
 Tanrei-nama (Kirin), also available in Green Label (low-carb), and Tanrei W (reduced purines)
 Enjuku (Kirin)
 Style Free (Asahi)
 Dosan Sozai (Sapporo)
 Zero (Kirin)
 Alcohol classified as "Other miscellaneous (2)", containing no malt:
 Draft One (Sapporo) - uses pea protein
 Nodogoshi-nama (Kirin) - uses soy protein
 Slims (Sapporo) - uses pea protein
 Jokki-Nama (Suntory) - uses corn, also available in regular and strong versions
 Alcohol classified as "Liqueur":
 Super Blue (Suntory) - happoshu mixed with wheat spirits
 Strong Seven (Kirin) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
 Hop No Shinjitsu (Kirin) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
 Koku No Jikan (Kirin) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
 Goku-uma (Asahi) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
 Ajiwai (Asahi) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
 Clear Asahi (Asahi) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
 Asahi Off (Asahi) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
 Mugi Shibori (Asahi) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
 Mugi To Hop (Sapporo) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
 Off No Zeitaku (Sapporo) - happoshu mixed with barley spirits
 Kinmugi [Rich Malt] (Suntory) - happoshu mixed with wheat spirits
 The Straight (Suntory) - happoshu mixed with wheat spirits

* "Dry beer" refers to beers with less residual sugars and a dry taste.
"Nama beer" generally refers to unpasteurized draught beer usually served from a pressurized keg. However, in the above brands,  it is merely a marketing term; compare to Miller Genuine Draft.


601

__NOTOC__
Year 601 (DCI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 601 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events
 By place
 Byzantine Empire
 Balkan Campaign: A Byzantine army under command of Peter, brother of emperor Maurice, crosses the Danube and advances to the Tisza River, where it defeats the Avars.

 Europe
 The Franks, Merovingians and Carolingians successively control most of Europe, while strong feudal lords rise in power to gain the allegiance of the people.
 The Lombards under King Agilulf expand into Northern Italy, establishing a settlement with the Franks and maintaining intermittent relationships with Rome.
 Liuva II, age 18, succeeds his father Reccared I as king of the Visigoths. Reccared dies a natural death at the capital in Toledo after a 15-year reign.

 By topic

 Arts and sciences
 The Qieyun, a Chinese character rhyme dictionary, is published.

 Agriculture
 Food production increases in northern and Western Europe as a result of agricultural technology introduced by the Slavs, who employ a lightweight plow with a knife blade (coulter), that cuts deep into the soil at grassroots level, together with a shaped board, or "moldboard", that moves the cut soil to one side.

 Religion
 The future Archbishops of Canterbury (Mellitus, Justus, and Honorius), and the future Archbishop of York Paulinus, are sent to England by Pope Gregory I to aid Augustine in his missionary work. Gregory writes the decretal Libellus responsionum to Augustine.

Births
 Hongren, Chán (Buddhist) patriarch of the Tang Dynasty (d. 674)
 Ma Zhou, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 648)
 Sigebert II, king of Austrasia and Burgundy (d. 613)
 Zhangsun, empress of the Tang Dynasty (d. 636)

Deaths
 March 13 or 600 – Leander, bishop of Seville
 Agilulf, bishop of Metz
 Reccared I, king of the Visigoths (b. 559)
 Sophia, Byzantine Empress (approximate date)

References


All Stretton

All Stretton is a village and (now separated) civil parish in Shropshire, England.

Geography

All Stretton lies about a mile to the north of the market town of Church Stretton, on the old Shrewsbury Road (the B5477) – the county town is 12 miles to the north. Similarly, the small village of Little Stretton lies to the south of Church Stretton on the same road. The village lies between 580 and 600 feet above sea level at the northern end of the Stretton Gap. The beginning of the Cound Brook, a minor river that runs 25 miles across the southern Shropshire-Severn plains, is found in the village, where the stream from the Batch valley joins the Ashbrook. To the west of All Stretton is the Long Mynd, and to the east is Caer Caradoc.

The village does not lie in the parish of All Stretton, which is to its north, but in the civil parish of Church Stretton, which has a town council, of which All Stretton forms a parish ward. The southern part of the original parish, including the village, was transferred to the Church Stretton parish in 1934. The remaining parish of All Stretton is geographically small and has no well-defined settlements, only dispersed farms and houses, including Womerton and High Park. Its population was recorded as 120 at the 2011 census. Prior to the creation of a unitary Shropshire Council in 2009, the village and the parish lay in different districts (South Shropshire and Shrewsbury and Atcham). Even under the new arrangements the village is in the electoral division of Church Stretton and Craven Arms, whilst the parish is in the division of Burnell. The village lies in the constituency of Ludlow, whilst the parish lies in Shrewsbury and Atcham.

To the east of the village is the Welsh Marches Line railway and the major A49 road. Regional Cycle Route 32/33 passes through the village, on its way from Longnor to Church Stretton.

The historic hamlet of Botvyle lies within the Church Stretton parish and parish ward of All Stretton (). It is situated to the northeast of All Stretton, on the other side of the A49, on the lane to Comley. It takes its name from the forest that once covered the area, the "Botwood", as does the nearby village of Leebotwood.

Facilities
All Stretton is the home to the Yew Tree Inn public house. The former Stretton Hall Hotel, located in the centre of the village opposite the Yew Tree Inn, underwent redevelopment into a nursing home in 2008/09; before this it had held a pub licence since 1976. There was once another pub in the village – the "White Horse" – but this is now a house (though a small pub sign still hangs). The village hall is used for a wide variety of local events including amateur theatre productions by the All Stretton Amateur Dramatics Society and cinema sittings with 'Flicks in the Sticks'. It also hosts the Women's Institutes meetings.

There is a small church in the village, built in 1902 – "St Michael and All Angels". It is a joint Church of England and United Reformed Church, and is one of three in the (Church of England's) ecclesiastical parish of Church Stretton, along with the churches in All Stretton and Little Stretton. This parish is part of the Diocese of Hereford. The church is located at the very northern end of the village, on Shrewsbury Road.

The village has an entrance to the Batch Valley, which leads on to the Long Mynd and adjoins the head of Carding Mill Valley. A YHA bunkhouse, which provides accommodation for up to 12 people, is located in the Batch Valley. From the Batch Valley the Church Stretton Golf Club's golf course, which is situated at around 380 yards, can be accessed by foot.

The village also boasts a traditional red telephone box, which sits at the bottom of Castle Hill and is still functioning. The village for a long time had a post office but this closed in 2008. As of 2010, there are approximately 150 dwellings in the village.

History

There is a Conservation Area designation covering much of the village. There are 6 Listed buildings and structures in the village.

A history group in All Stretton published a history of the village in 2006.

Railway
The Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway was constructed through the area in 1852. All Stretton once had its own railway halt: All Stretton Halt railway station. The nearest railway station is now at Church Stretton.

Etymology
The name "Stretton" is derived from the Old English words stræt meaning "Roman road" and tun meaning "settlement". The affix "All" derives from an early owner called Alfred, rather than from a supposed comment made by King James I of England. The local tale describes how he passed first through Little Stretton, then Church Stretton and finally as he came through All Stretton the king declared "They're All Strettons around here!"


Nordisk Vinternatt

Nordisk Vinternatt is a 2005 folk/traditional album by Norwegian singer Sissel Kyrkjebø released in Scandinavia. This album includes folk- and traditional songs in Norwegian, Swedish, Danish and Icelandic.

Track listing
 Denti, du Astri (Norwegian)
 Vårvinder friska (Swedish)
 O tysta ensamhet (Swedish)
 Det er ingenting i verden så stille som sne (Danish)
 Om kvelden (Norwegian)
 Du är den ende (Swedish)
 Jeg lagde meg så silde (Norwegian)
 Bereden väg för Herran (Swedish)
 Musens sang (Danish)
 Den första gång jag såg dig (Swedish)
 Bruremarsj (Norwegian)
 Koppången (Swedish)
 Sofðu ungá astín min (Icelandic)

Critical reception
Norwegian newspaper Vårt Land wrote: "Sissel sings better and better. She has found beautiful melodies from Nordic songbooks and sings them with a call that is no longer dominated by her glorious extroversion".


Migmathelphusa olivacea

Migmathelphusa olivacea is a species of freshwater crab found in Lake Poso on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi. It is the only species in its genus. It is listed by the IUCN as Endangered, given "its extent of occurrence and area of occupancy is less than ", and its individuals being found in less than five locations. There is also a "decline in the extent and quality of its habitat and it is not found in a protected area". Being found around a lake, "present and future threats to this species include human-induced habitat loss/degradation due to population increases and industrial and agrarian development".


Grimdark

Grimdark is a subgenre of speculative fiction with a  tone, style, or setting that is particularly dystopian, amoral, or violent. The term is inspired by the tagline of the tabletop strategy game Warhammer 40,000: "In the grim darkness of the far future there is only WAR."

Definitions
Several attempts to define "grimdark" have been made:
Adam Roberts described it as fiction "where nobody is honourable and Might is Right", and as "the standard way of referring to fantasies that turn their backs on the more uplifting, Pre-Raphaelite visions of idealized medievaliana, and instead stress how nasty, brutish, short and, er, dark life back then 'really' was". But he noted that grimdark has little to do with re-imagining an actual historic reality and more with conveying the sense that our own world is a "cynical, disillusioned, ultraviolent place".
Genevieve Valentine called grimdark a "shorthand for a subgenre of fantasy fiction that claims to trade on the psychology of those sword-toting heroes, and the dark realism behind all those kingdom politics".
In the view of Jared Shurin, grimdark fantasy has three key components: a grim and dark tone, a sense of realism (for example, monarchs are useless and heroes are flawed), and the agency of the protagonists: whereas in high fantasy everything is predestined and the tension revolves around how the heroes defeat the Dark Lord, grimdark is "fantasy protestantism": characters have to choose between good and evil, and are "just as lost as we are".
Liz Bourke considered grimdark's defining characteristic to be "a retreat into the valorisation of darkness for darkness's sake, into a kind of nihilism that portrays right action ... as either impossible or futile". This, according to her, has the effect of absolving the protagonists as well as the reader from moral responsibility.

Whether grimdark is a genre in its own right or an unhelpful label has also been discussed. Valentine noted that while some writers have embraced the term, others see it as "a dismissive term for fantasy that's dismantling tropes, a stamp unfairly applied."

Use in fantasy fiction
According to Roberts, grimdark is a modern form of an "anti-Tolkien" approach to fantasy writing. The most successful and popular grimdark fantasy, George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire, is characterized in Roberts's view by its reaction to Tolkien's idealism even though it owes a lot to Tolkien's work.

Writing for The Guardian in 2016, Damien Walter summarized what he considered grimdark's "domination" of the fantasy genre as "bigger swords, more fighting, bloodier blood, more fighting, axes, more fighting", and, he surmised, a "commercial imperative to win adolescent male readers". He saw this trend as being in opposition to "a truly epic and more emotionally nuanced kind of fantasy" that delivered storytelling instead of only fights.

Authors whose works have been described as grimdark tend to be people writing from the 1990s onward. They include – apart from Martin – Glen Cook, Joe Abercrombie, Richard K. Morgan, and Mark Lawrence. In a broader sense, the "pervasively gritty, bleak, pessimistic, or nihilistic view of the world" characteristic of grimdark fiction is found in broad swathes of popular fiction from the 2000s, including in such media franchises as Batman, Breaking Bad, and The Walking Dead.

Contrasting genres and trends
In 2017, the writer Alexandra Rowland proposed that the "opposite of grimdark" is "hopepunk", a literary trend that emphasizes what grimdark rejects: the importance of hope and the sense that ideals are worth fighting for despite adversity. Another style proposed to provide a contrast to grimdark is "noblebright", which takes as its premise that not only are there good fights worth fighting, but that they are also winnable and result in a happy ending.


Splenic tumor

A splenic tumor is a rare form of tumor that may be malignant or benign. Malignant forms include lymphoma and sarcoma.

Lymphoma is the most common malignant splenic tumor.


Crayenborgh College

The Crayenborgh lecture series is the Honours Class of the history department at Leiden University in the Netherlands. The Crayenborgh was started in the 1993-1994 academic year by Dr Leonard Blussé. The concept was based on the Friday afternoon seminars at the Shelby Cullom Davis Center for Historical Studies, but Blussé decided to aim the lecture series at third and fourth year students. Twelve high-performing students are selected to participate in the twelve lectures given by experts in the field. Each year a different theme is chosen. The Crayenborgh was the first honours programme in the Netherlands.