Jan Koum

Jan Koum (; born February 24, 1976) is a Ukrainian American entrepreneur and computer programmer. He is the co-founder and was the CEO of WhatsApp, a mobile messaging application which was acquired by Facebook Inc. in February 2014 for US$19.3 billion.

In 2014, he entered the Forbes list of the 400 richest Americans at position 62, with an estimated worth of more than $7.5 billion. He was the highest-ranked newcomer to the list that year.

Early life and career
Koum was born in Kiev, Ukraine, then in the Soviet Union. He is of Jewish origin. He grew up in Fastiv, outside Kiev, and moved with his mother and grandmother to Mountain View, California in 1992, where a social support program helped the family to get a small two-bedroom apartment, at the age of 16. His father had intended to join the family later, but he never left Ukraine, and died in 1997. Koum and his mother remained in touch with his father until his death. At first Koum's mother worked as a babysitter, while he himself worked as a cleaner at a grocery store. His mother died in 2000 after a long battle with cancer.

By the age of 18 Koum became interested in programming. He enrolled at San Jose State University and simultaneously worked at Ernst & Young as a security tester. He also joined a group of hackers that began in 1996 called w00w00, where he met the future founders of Napster, Shawn Fanning and Jordan Ritter.

In February 1996, a restraining order was granted against Koum in state court in San Jose, California. An ex-girlfriend detailed incidents in which she said Koum verbally and physically threatened her. In October 2014, Koum said about the restraining order, "I am ashamed of the way I acted and ashamed that my behavior forced her to take legal action".

In 1997, Koum met Brian Acton while working at Ernst & Young as a security tester.

Yahoo!
Later in 1997, Koum was hired by Yahoo! as an infrastructure engineer. He quit school shortly thereafter. Over the next nine years, Koum and Acton worked there together. In September 2007 they both left Yahoo! and took a year off, traveling around South America and playing ultimate frisbee. Both applied to work at Facebook, and both were rejected.

WhatsApp and Facebook
In January 2009, Koum bought an iPhone and realized that the then seven-month-old App Store was about to spawn a whole new industry of apps. He visited his friend Alex Fishman and the two talked for hours about Koum's idea for an app over tea at Fishman's kitchen counter. Koum almost immediately chose the name WhatsApp because it sounded like "what's up", and a week later on his birthday, February 24, 2009, he incorporated WhatsApp Inc. in California.

WhatsApp was initially unpopular, but its fortunes began to turn after Apple added push notification ability to apps in June 2009. Koum changed WhatsApp to "ping" users when they received a message, and soon afterwards he and Fishman's Russian friends in the area began to use WhatsApp as a messaging tool, in place of SMS. The app gained a large user base, and Koum convinced Acton, who was then still unemployed, to join the company. Koum granted Acton co-founder status after Acton managed to bring in $250,000 in seed funding.

On February 9, 2014 Zuckerberg asked Koum to have dinner at his home, and formally proposed Koum a deal to join the Facebook board. 10 days later Facebook announced that it was acquiring WhatsApp for US$19 billion.

Over the first half of 2016, Koum sold more than $2.4 billion worth of Facebook stock, which was about a half of his total holdings. He is estimated to still own another $2.4 billion worth of Facebook stock.

On April 30, 2018, Koum announced that he was leaving WhatsApp and stepping down from Facebook's board of directors due to disputes with Facebook. It was originally thought that by leaving he was forfeiting his unvested stock, worth almost $1 billion. However, several months later it was discovered that he was still formally employed by Facebook, earning a reported $450 million in stocks from the company through a method called "rest and vest."

Views
Koum dislikes being called an entrepreneur, going so far as to post on Twitter in 2012, "Next person to call me an entrepreneur is getting punched in the face by my bodyguard." He feels that he is not an entrepreneur because entrepreneurs are motivated by the desire to make money, whereas he only wants to build useful products.

In 2017, Koum began posting messages on Facebook in support of U.S. President Donald Trump. In September 2017, he wrote on Facebook, "as somebody who grew up in Soviet Union, Donald Trump couldn't be more right about failures of socialism...".

Charitable actions
In November 2014, Koum donated one million dollars to The FreeBSD Foundation, and close to $556 million to the Silicon Valley Community Foundation (SVCF) the same year. In December 2016, Jan Koum donated another 500 thousand dollars to The FreeBSD Foundation.


Vergoncey

Vergoncey  is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune Saint-James.


Nalhati, Birbhum

REDIRECT Nalhati


Eleni Tzoka

Eleni Tzoka (née Milopoulou; 27 April 1956, Bielawa) is a Polish female singer of Greek descent.

Biography
Tzoka was born to a Greek family which emigrated to Poland in the 1950s. At an early age, she was familiarized with music by her parents and numerous siblings (she was the ninth child) who would constantly play or sing. She first sang in public when she attended elementary school. At that time she belonged to a children's group Niezapominajki ("Forget-me-nots"). Several years later she became a vocalist in Ballada, a group that was formed in her secondary school.

Tzoka started her professional career in 1975 when she joined Prometheus, a newly founded music band that was mainly active in Sopot. On 20 July of the same year, she debuted at a concert in nearby Gdańsk.

Eleni, as she is commonly referred to in Poland, released her first solo album, Ty jak niebo, ja – jak obłok, in 1980 (although she had recorded an LP album with Prometheus earlier) titled Po słonecznej stronie życia ("On the sunny side of life'", 1977). After the release of her solo album, she became popular. She began giving concerts all over Poland as well as abroad. Among many other countries, she visited Australia, France, Sweden, Canada, and the United States, where she sang for the Polish diaspora.

Tzoka participated in the National Festival of Polish Song in Opole four times: in 1984, 1990, 1991 and 1993.

Honours and awards
It was reported that she openly forgave the killer of her only child. When she was informed about her daughter's death, she immediately phoned the mother of Afrodyta's boyfriend and told her without anger that they had "lost their children". She was honoured in 1999 with the annual Saint Rita of Cascia prize, awarded to women of different religious beliefs who have overcome a tragic event in their lives.

Tzoka has been awarded many other prizes. In 2002, she was given the statuette of Złota Muza Polskich Nagrań from a Polish state music company Polskie Nagrania. Apart from music-related awards, she was also honoured (2003) with the Złote Serce (Heart of Gold) prize from the Saint Stanisław Kostka Foundation for the Disabled Children and Youth in Katowice for her "generosity, kindness, understanding, co-operativeness, namely everything that makes the realization of laudable aims for the environment of disabled children and youth possible".

In 2004, she was given the Medal of Saint Brother Albert for her commitment to charity related with the help for the people living with AIDS as well as the disabled. The official justification for the prize included her meetings with the youth and the charity concerts given in social assistance centres and prisons. Tzoka is also a Knight of the Order of Smile.

Family
She is married to Fotis Tzokas, brother of Kostas Tzokas, the founder of Prometheus. Fotis is currently her personal manager as well as the composer of some of her songs. In 1994, Tzoka's 17-year-old daughter, Afrodyta, was murdered by her ex-boyfriend.

Authorship
Tzoka is the author of a book Nic miłości nie pokona (Nothing will defeat love) published in 2006. This illustrated album contains an interview given to a Pauline monk, fr. Robert Łukaszuk, in which she talks about her life, human sufferings, love, the meaning of charity, as well as her artistic experiences.

Style of music
Prometheus, the band Tzoka has belonged to since 1975, typically played traditional Greek music, including Greek dances.

Discography

Po słonecznej stronie życia (1978)
S'agapo – moja miłość (1979)
Buzuki disco (1980)
Ty – jak niebo, ja – jak obłok (1980)
Lovers (1982)
Grecja raz jeszcze (1983)
Morze snu (1984)
Muzyka twoje imię ma (1985)
Eleni... 10 (1986)
Kolędy polskie śpiewa Eleni (1986)
Miłość jak wino (1987)

Wakacyjny flirt (1990)
Sound from Greece (1990)
24 golden greats (1991)
Złote przeboje (1992)
Przystań pod gwiazdami (1992)
W rytmie Zorby (1995)
Nic miłości nie pokona (1996)
Kolędy polskie śpiewa Eleni vol. 2 (1998)
Za wszystkie noce – złota kolekcja (1999)
Moje credo (1999)
Coś z Odysa (2001)
Miłości ślad (2013)


Alboin of Spoleto

Alboin was the Lombard Duke of Spoleto from 757 to 758. He was chosen to be duke by the Spoletan nobility without the assent of the king.

While Pope Stephen II was working to give the kingdom into the hands of Desiderius, he also worked to give the homage of the Duchies of Benevento and Spoleto to King Pepin the Short of the Franks. Alboin and Liutprand of Benevento commended their duchies to the Frankish king, who did not ask for it. Desiderius marched on and destroyed Spoleto and Benevento and Alboin was captured; Liutprand fled. Desiderius himself took up the exercise of ducal power in Spoleto.

Sources
Hallenbeck, Jan T. "Pavia and Rome: The Lombard Monarchy and the Papacy in the Eighth Century." Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Ser., Vol. 72, No. 4. (1982), pp. 1–186.


Turres in Numidia

Turres in Numidia is a titular see in Numidia of the Roman Catholic Church.

The diocese of Turres in Numidia was located in the Roman province of Numidia, Roman North Africa, but ceased to function in the 7th century with the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb.  The location of the cathedra and seat of the Bishopric remains unknown, though thought to be in  present-day Tunisia or Algeria.

The current bishop is Francisco de Paula Victor of Brazil.


Paul Williamson

Paul Stewart Williamson  (born 1948) is a controversial Anglo-Catholic priest in the Church of England. He has brought high-profile civil suits in English courts over matters of Anglican faith and practice, including the ordination of women to the priesthood, the legality of the marriage of Charles, Prince of Wales to Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall and has challenged the retirement age of 70 within the Church of England.

Early life and education
Williamson was born in 1948. He studied theology at King's College London, and graduated in 1971 with a Bachelor of Divinity (BD) degree and the Associateship of King's College (AKC).

Ordained ministry
Williamson was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1972 and as a priest in 1973. From 1972 to 1975, he served his curacy at St Paul's, Deptford in the Diocese of Southwark. He was an honorary curate of St John the Divine, Kennington between 1976 and 1977.

In 1978, Williamson moved to the Diocese of London. He served as a curate at |Holy Trinity with St Mary, Hoxton from 1978 to 1983, at All Saints, Margaret Street from 1983 to 1984, and at St Mary's, Willesden from 1984 to 1985. For the next three years, he was not attached to any parish but held Permission to Officiate in the diocese. In 1989, he joined St George's Church, Hanworth as a curate. Since 1992, he has been Priest-in-Charge of St George's.

Williamson is an Anglo-Catholic. He is a member of the Society of Mary.

Activism
Williamson is a well-known opponent of the ordination of women to the priesthood. In 1997 he sued the Dean and Chapter of St Paul's Cathedral for appointing a woman as a minor canon. On 16 July 1997, he was declared to be a vexatious litigant by justice Christopher Rose at the Royal Courts of Justice. As a result, he is no longer allowed to bring action within the Courts of England and Wales without permission.

In 2005, Williamson protested against the legality of the marriage of Charles, Prince of Wales to Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall.

In 2011, with others, Williamson challenged a major grant by the Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament to the Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham. The Charity Commission for England and Wales, which described the complainants as "a substantial number", subsequently ruled that the grant had been unlawful.

On 26 January 2015, Williamson interrupted the consecration service for the Church of England's first woman to become a bishop, Libby Lane, at York Minster. His objection was responded to by John Sentamu, Archbishop of York (who was officiating) and the service continued.


Shadow heap

In computer science, a shadow heap is a mergeable heap data structure which supports efficient heap merging in the amortized sense. More specifically, shadow heaps make use of the shadow merge algorithm to achieve insertion in O(f(n)) amortized time and deletion in O((log n log log n)/f(n)) amortized time, for any choice of 1 ≤ f(n) ≤ log log n.

Throughout this article, it is assumed that A and B are binary heaps with |A| ≤ |B|.

Shadow merge
Shadow merge is an algorithm for merging two binary heaps efficiently if these heaps are implemented as arrays. Specifically, the running time of shadow merge on two heaps  and  is .

Algorithm

We wish to merge the two binary min-heaps  and . The algorithm is as follows:

 Concatenate the array  at the end of the array  to obtain an array .
 Identify the shadow of  in ; that is, the ancestors of the last  nodes in  which destroy the heap property.
 Identify the following two parts of the shadow from :
 The path : the set of nodes in the shadow for which there are at most 2 at any depth of ;
 The subtree : the remainder of the shadow.
 Extract and sort the smallest  nodes from the shadow into an array .
 Transform  as follows:
 If , then starting from the smallest element in the sorted array, sequentially insert each element of  into , replacing them with 's smallest elements.
 If , then extract and sort the  smallest elements from , and merge this sorted list with .
 Replace the elements of  into their original positions in .
 Make a heap out of .

Running time

Again, let  denote the path, and  denote the subtree of the concatenated heap . The number of nodes in  is at most twice the depth of , which is . Moreover, the number of nodes in  at depth  is at most 3/4 the number of nodes at depth , so the subtree has size . Since there are at most 2 nodes at each level on , then reading the smallest  elements of the shadow into the sorted array  takes  time.

If , then combining  and  as in step 5 above takes time . Otherwise, the time taken in this step is . Finally, making a heap of the subtree  takes  time. This amounts to a total running time for shadow merging of .

Structure

A shadow heap  consists of threshold function , and an array for which the usual array-implemented binary heap property is upheld in its first entries, and for which the heap property is not necessarily upheld in the other entries. Thus, the shadow heap is essentially a binary heap  adjacent to an array . To add an element to the shadow heap, place it in the array . If the array becomes too large according to the specified threshold, we first build a heap out of  using Floyd's algorithm for heap construction, and then merge this heap with  using shadow merge. Finally, the merging of shadow heaps is simply done through sequential insertion of one heap into the other using the above insertion procedure.

Analysis

We are given a shadow heap , with threshold function  as above. Suppose that the threshold function is such that any change in  induces no larger a change than in . We derive the desired running time bounds for the mergeable heap operations using the potential method for amortized analysis. The potential  of the heap is chosen to be:

Using this potential, we can obtain the desired amortized running times:

create(H): initializes a new empty shadow heap
Here, the potential  is unchanged, so the amortized cost of creation is , the actual cost.

insert(x, H): inserts  into the shadow heap
There are two cases:
If the merge is employed, then the drop in the potential function is exactly the actual cost of merging  and , so the amortized cost is .
If the merge is not done, then the amortized cost is
By choice of the threshold function, we thus obtain that the amortized cost of insertion is:

delete_min(H): deletes the minimum priority element from
Finding and deleting the minimum takes actual time . Moreover, the potential function can only increase after this deletion if the value of  decreases. By choice of , we have that the amortized cost of this operation is the same as the actual cost.

Related algorithms & data structures

A naive binary heap merging algorithm will merge the two heaps  and  in time  by simply concatenating both heaps and making a heap out of the resulting array using Floyd's algorithm for heap construction. Alternatively, the heaps can simply be merged by sequentially inserting each element of  into , taking time .

Sack and Strothotte proposed an algorithm for merging the binary heaps in  time. Their algorithm is known to be more efficient than the second naive solution described above roughly when . Shadow merge performs asymptotically better than their algorithm, even in the worst case.

There are several other heaps which support faster merge times. For instance, Fibonacci heaps can be merged in  time. Since binary heaps require  time to merge, shadow merge remains efficient.


Somebody's Gonna Love You (album)

Somebody's Gonna Love You is the second studio album by American country music artist Lee Greenwood, released in 1983. It was certified Gold.

Track listing

Side One
 "I.O.U." (Kerry Chater, Austin Roberts) - 3:05
 "Somebody's Gonna Love You" (Rafe Van Hoy, Don Cook) - 3:42
 "Going, Going, Gone" (Jan Crutchfield) - 3:19
 "Call It What You Want To (It's Still Love)" - 3:00
 "Barely Holding On" - 2:51

Side Two
 "Love Won't Let Us Say Goodbye" - 3:05
 "Ladies Love" - 3:10
 "The Wind Beneath My Wings" (Jeff Silbar, Larry Henley) - 3:55
 "Think About the Good Times" - 3:19
 "Someone Who Remembers" - 3:41

Personnel
Pete Bordonali - electric guitar
David Briggs - keyboards
Carol Chase - background vocals
Doug Clements - background vocals
Steve Gibson - acoustic guitar
Richard Greene - fiddle
Lee Greenwood - lead vocals
Sherilyn Huffman - background vocals
David Hungate - bass guitar
Larrie Londin - drums
 Weldon Myrick  - steel guitar
Hargus "Pig" Robbins - piano
Jerry Shook - electric guitar
Lisa Silver - background vocals
Andy Statman - mandolin
James Stroud - drums
Diane Tidwell - background vocals
Pete Wade - electric guitar
Jack Williams - bass guitar
Dennis Wilson - background vocals
Reggie Young - electric guitar

Chart performance

Album


Hamidreza Garshasbi

Hamidreza Garshasbi (, also Romanized as "Hamīdrezā Garshāsbī") is an Iranian sports executive and administrator who has been served as president of the Persepolis Football Club. in November 2017, Garshasbi replaced Aliakbar Taheri as Persepolis acting president. Under leadership of Garshasbi, Persepolis defended their title in Persian Gulf Pro League and advanced to the final of the 2018 AFC Champions League.


The Cold Summer of 1953

The Cold Summer of 1953 () is a 1988 Soviet crime film directed by Aleksandr Proshkin. It was the last film of the Russian actor Anatoly Papanov.

Plot
Summer 1953. After Stalin's death, one of his closest colleagues, First Deputy Premier and head of the MVD Lavrenty Beria, announces an amnesty for non-political prisoners and for political prisoners sentenced to not more than 5 years. As a result, many dangerous criminals are freed from labor camps. They organise gangs and begin to rob, kill and rape.

In a small village in the north of Russia live two exiles: former military intelligence captain Sergei Basargin and former engineer Nikolai Pavlovich Starobogatov. Both have been unjustly exiled by Stalin's regime.

The village is attacked by a gang of criminals. The bandits kill the only policeman and take the entire population hostage. To save them, the former military officer and the former engineer take up arms.

Cast
 Valeriy Priyomykhov as  Sergey Basargin, former military intelligence captain
 Anatoli Papanov as Nikolai Pavlovich Starobogatov, former engineer
 Viktor Stepanov as policeman Mankov, who killed by bandits
 Nina Usatova as Lydia Matveevna, mute woman
 Zoya Buryak as Lydia Matveevna's daughter
 Yury Kuznetsov as Ivan Zotov, director of trading post
 Vladimir Kashpur as  Fadeich, chief of landing place
 Elizabeth Solodova as Nikolai Starobogatov's wife
 Boris Plotnikov as Nikolai Starobogatov's son
 Vladimir Golovin as professional criminal, gang leader
 Sergey Vlasov as Witek, criminal
 Andrew Dudarenko as Mikhalich, criminal
 Alexander Zavyalov as Mukha, criminal
 Alexey Kolesnik as Hook, criminal
 Viktor Kosykh as Baklan, criminal


Acestrorhynchus falcatus

Acestrorhynchus falcatus is a species of fish in the family Acestrorhynchidae. It was described by Marcus Elieser Bloch in 1794, originally under the genus Salmo. It inhabits the Orinoco and Amazon Rivers in the regions of Suriname, Guyana, and French Guiana. It reaches a maximum total length of , and a maximum weight of .

A. falcatus feeds on finfish. It is of minor interest to commercial fisheries.


Elaine D. Harmon

Elaine D. Harmon (December 26, 1919 – April 21, 2015) was an American from Maryland who served in the U.S. Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) during World War II. In 2009 she received a Congressional Gold Medal for her service as a pilot during World War II. As a WASP pilot, she has been accorded full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery. In 2016, Ms. Harmon was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame.

Early life and education
Elaine Danforth Harmon, daughter of Dr. Dave Danforth and Margaret Oliphant Danforth, was born December 26, 1919, in Baltimore, Maryland. A 1936 graduate of Eastern High School, in 1940 she earned a bachelor of science degree in bacteriology at the University of Maryland, College Park. From 1940 to 1944 she worked as a hospital lab technician. In 1941 she married patent attorney Robert Harmon and they lived in Silver Spring, Maryland. They had two sons and two daughters. Her husband died in 1965.

Careers
While at the university she became a private pilot through the Civilian Pilot Training Program. Harmon learned to fly Piper Cubs at College Park Airport as part of the Civil Aeronautics Authority program. She joined the Women Airforce Service Pilots against her mother's wishes, who thought WASPs "were all just awful, just probably loose women".

Over 25,000 women had applied to the program; Harmon was one of 1,830 accepted, and one of 1,074 who earned their wings. She completed six months of flight training and ground school, as well as at least 500 flight hours. After training at Avenger Field in 1944, she served at Nellis Air Force Base, flying trainers PT-17 and BT-13, the AT-6 Texan, and the B-17 Flying Fortress. Harmon's job was to fly with men who needed retraining in instrument flying — she said she served as a lookout, "to make sure that we didn’t run into any other airplanes".

Following the war, Harmon had a 25-year career as an independent real estate appraiser, working for Associated Appraisers in Beltsville, Maryland, until retiring in the early 1990s.

Legacy

Maryland Women's Hall of Fame
A lifelong resident of Maryland, and in recognition of her role model status, having been a trailblazing female pilot during WWII, in 2016 Ms. Harmon was posthumously inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame. The following is the inscription on the plaque placed in her honor at the hall:

"It was a man's world, but we (WASP) did something really great that was needed for the war effort ... There is never a day that I don't think how lucky I am to be a U.S. citizen and a Maryland resident ... Carpé Diem!"

College Park Aviation Museum - University of Maryland
Ms. Harmon learned to fly at the College Park Airport on the campus of the University of Maryland, from which she graduated in 1941. Her WASP artifacts (Flight Log, uniform, Congressional Gold Medal) are on permanent display at the College Park Aviation Museum.

Controversy over WASP benefits
WASPs had been assigned to non-combat operational duties, such as ferrying cargo, delivering new planes, training male pilots, and dragging targets for other pilots. Because they flew domestic missions, the Army had classified WASPs as civilians rather than veterans, and they were not eligible for veterans' benefits, including being laid to rest at Arlington National Cemetery. Army Air Forces Commanding General Henry Arnold had championed WASP benefits to Congress, but male pilots objected that the women were taking their jobs, and Congress denied the women veterans' status.

President Jimmy Carter signed legislation in 1977 granting WASPs veteran status, and in 2002 the Army granted military funeral honors to WASPs, including eligibility for inurnment at Arlington National Cemetery. Harmon was honored with a Congressional Gold Medal in 2009. However, in March 2015, secretary of the Army John McHugh ruled that due to a technicality in the 1977 legislation, WASPs did not have status in the Army, and were only eligible for burial in cemeteries administered by the Veterans Administration. Representative Martha McSally (R-Arizona) and Senators Barbara Mikulski (D-Maryland) and Joni Ernst (R-Iowa) introduced legislation in 2016 to reinstate inurnment rights for WASPs at Arlington. The legislation was passed unanimously by both houses of Congress, and President Obama signed it into law in May 2016.

Elaine Harmon's wish to be laid to rest at Arlington was honored on September 7, 2016.


Extreme points of the European Union

This is a list of the extreme points of the European Union — the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.

In Europe

 North: Nuorgam, Finland (70° 5’ 30” N)
 South: El Pinar, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain (27°42′05″N).
 West: Monchique Islet, Azores Islands, Portugal (31°16′30″W)
 East: Rizokarpaso, Cyprus de jure (34° 36’ E)

or Cape Greco, Ayia Napa, Cyprus de facto (34° 5’ E)

Including overseas territories
 North: Nuorgam, Finland
 South: Pointe de Langevin, Saint-Joseph, Réunion, France (21° 23′ 20″ S)
 West: Pointe du Canonnier, Saint-Martin, France (63° 08′ W)
 East: Pointe des Cascades, Sainte-Rose, Réunion, France (55° 50′ 11″ E)
Note that most overseas territories of EU member countries are not part of the European Union, and therefore do not count here.

Mainland Europe
Only including the European continent proper, i.e. mainland of the 23 member states excluding islands such as Cyprus, Malta, Ireland or Great Britain.
 North: Nuorgam, Finland
 South: Punta de Tarifa, Spain (36° 0’ 15” N)
 West: Cabo da Roca, Portugal (9° 30’ W)
 East: Virmajärvi, Finland (31° 35′E)

In the Schengen Area
 North: Knivskjellodden, Norway (71° 11′ 8” N)
 South: La Restinga, Canary Islands, Spain (27° 38′ N)
 West: Monchique Islet, Azores Islands, Portugal (31°16′30″W)
 East: Virmajärvi, Finland (31° 35′ E)

Altitude
 The EU's highest peak is Mont Blanc in the Graian Alps,  above sea level.
The lowest point (man-made) in the EU is Tagebau Hambach,  below sea level, Niederzier, North Rhine-Westphalia,
The lowest natural point in the EU is Étang de Lavalduc in Southeastern Metropolitan France, at 10 m (33 ft) below sea level.

Footnotes


Fernando de Herrera

Fernando de Herrera (~1534–1597), called "El Divino", was a 16th-century Spanish poet and man of letters. He was born in Seville. Much of what is known about him comes from Libro de descripción de verdaderos retratos de illustres y memorables varones (Book of the Description of the True Portraits of Illustrious and Memorable Men) (1599) by Francisco Pacheco.

Biography

Although Herrera's family was only moderately wealthy, they were highly esteemed in Seville. During Herrera's lifetime, Seville was a bustling port city from which many transatlantic voyages would embark, and trading took place with countries all over the world. This active atmosphere, however, was somewhat contradictory to Herrera's character. He therefore sought solace from the busy city life through his poetry.  However, whereas spending much of his time in seclusion allowed him to concentrate on his work and artistic interests, it also brought him much criticism from others.  The academic community, especially Rodrigo Caro and Juan Gutiérrez Rufo, mocked him for his unorthodox ways.

Although well-learned and knowledgeable — Herrera was a great admirer of Italian poetry, the classics, and the Bible (all of which influenced his work) — he was never known to have held any academic degree. He admired one Spanish poet in particular, Garcilaso de la Vega, whose style influenced his own poetry. Herrera did not just have an antiquarian interest in knowledge, however; he was interested in current events, especially those related to the military. Evidence of this is seen in his patriotic canciones (songs) in which he expresses feelings toward contemporary military leaders and actions.

To accommodate his need for refuge, Herrera took minor orders in the Catholic Church  and received a benefice in San Andrés, a parish of Seville. However, though Herrera displayed a love for solitude, he was no hermit.  Around 1559, he struck up a friendship with Don Álvaro Colón y Portugal, Count of Gelves, and his wife, Doña Leonor de Milán de Córdoba y Aragón. Herrera was frequently invited by the count to attend his tertulia (literary salon), a meeting of an elite literary circle where he would form many friendships with local poets, men of letters, painters, and artists.  It was his relationship with Doña Leonor that provided Herrera with his muse. Herrera's love for Doña Leonor inspired his love poems. However, they were never enough to provoke the same feelings in her.

After the death of Leonor in 1581, Herrera lost his desire to write further love poetry. In addition, the death of the count in 1582 ended his attendance at the disbanded literary tertulia at the palace. Henceforth, Herrera devoted himself to two major projects: a history of the world up to the death of Charles V and a biography of Thomas More. The writer continued to work up to his death in 1597 at the age of 63.

Works

Poetry
Herrera's meticulous study and eventual mastery of poetic discourse earned him the name "el Divino" ("the divine one"), a name given him by Miguel Cervantes, author of Don Quixote.  In addition, his knowledge of poetic topics helped him to become one of the leaders of the school of poets to which Herrera belonged in Seville.

The works of Herrera cover a wide range of subjects, representing his large span of knowledge and interests.  Herrera's military poetry (his canciones, or songs), for example, are accounts of contemporary military leaders and events in which Herrera demonstrates his patriotism, loyalty to the Christian faith, and respect for great leaders. Three poems concerning this theme include Canción por la Victoria del Señor don Juan (Ode to the Victory of Don Juan), written in 1572, where patriotism is displayed in praising the work done by the Spanish navy at the Battle of Lepanto in 1571; Canción al señor don Juan de Austria vencedor de los moriscos en las Alpujarras (Ode to Don Juan de Austria, Conqueror of the Moors in the Alpujarras), written in 1571, where Herrera celebrates a leader who stopped a Muslim revolt between 1568 and 1571; and Canción por la pérdida del Rei don Sebastián (Ode to the Defeat of King Sebastian), written in 1579, where the poet commemorates the death of a Portuguese king.

Herrera's love poetry inspired by his muse, the Countess of Gelves, can be divided into two periods. The first, "Rimas Juventiles" (Youthful Rhymes), is defined by Herrera's description of love as a blissful state, in which there is neither pain nor suffering; in this state, even the impossible can happen.  In the second period, love escapes reality and lives in a world of fantasy and perfection. To this period belongs the "Poesías" (Poems), a body of poetry, published in successive editions.

A third major area of Herrera’s work, and one for which he is best known, is related to Garcilaso de la Vega, the Spanish poet and author whom Herrera held in the highest esteem.  One of Herrera's most famous works, Obras de Garci Lasso con anotaciones de Fernando de Herrera al ilustrissimo i ecelentissimo Señor don Antonio de Guzman, Marques de Ayamonte, Governador del Estado de Milan, i Capitan General de Italia (Works of Gracilaso de la Vega with Comments by Fernando de Herrera to the Most Illustrious and Excellent Don Antonio de Guzman, Marques of Ayamonte, Governor of the State of Milan, and Captain General of Italy), written in 1580, displays not only Herrera's admiration for Garcilaso's poetry but also his mastery of the intricate details of said poet's rhythm, choice and order of words, coherency, meter, and the effects they have on the poem as a whole. It is this knowledge which drove Herrera to devote such meticulous attention to his own work.

Other works
Other examples of Herrera's work include the translation of Latin and Italian works into Castilian, a biography of Thomas More, and a history of the world.  Some of his most well-known works are:
 Relacion de la guerra de Chipre y sucesso de la batalla Naual de Lepanto Escrito por Fernando de Herrera, dirigido al ilustrissimo y excelentissimo dõ Alõso Perez de Guzman el Bueno, Duque de Medina Sidonia y Conde de Niebla. Seville: Alonso Picardo, written in 1572, which includes Cancion en Alabanza de la Diuina Magestad por la vitoria del Señor don Juan.
 Algunas obras de Fernando de Herrera al illustriss. S.D. Fernando Enriquez de Ribera Marques de Tarifa. Seville: Printed by Andrea Pescioni, 1582.
Tomás Moro de Fernando de Herrera al ilustrissimo Señor don Rodrigo de Castro Cardenal y Arzobispo de Sevilla. Seville: Alonso de la Barrera, 1592.
 Versos de Fernando de Herrera Emendados y divididos por el en tres libros: A don Gaspar de Guzmán, Conde de Olivares, Gentilhombre de la Cámara del Príncipe nuestro Señor, Alcaide de los Alcazares Reales de Sevilla y Comendador de Bivoras en la Orden de Calatrava. Seville: Gabriel Ramos Vejarano, 1619.
 Rimas de Fernando de Herrera, 2 volumes. Madrid: Imprenta Real, 1786.
 Poesías, edited by García de Diego. Madrid: "La Lectura," 1914.
 Obras de Garci Lasso de la Vega con anotaciones de Fernando de Herrera al ilutrissimo i ecelentissimo Señor don Antonio de Guzman, Marques de Ayamonte, Governador del Estado de Milan, i Capitan General de Italia. Seville: Alonso de la Barrera, 1580.

Notes


Salisbury Mall

Salisbury Mall can refer to:

Salisbury Mall (Maryland), a former mall in Salisbury, Maryland
Salisbury Mall (North Carolina) in Salisbury, North Carolina


The Doctors Company

The Doctors Company is a medical malpractice insurance company headquartered outside Napa, California, USA.

Description
The Doctors Company claims to be the largest physician-owned medical malpractice insurer in the U.S, with 79,000 insureds nationwide, $4 billion in assets, $1.9 billion in member surplus, and a financial strength rating of A from A. M. Best and Fitch Ratings in fiscal year 2016.

Founded in 1976, The Doctors Company operates as a member-owned interinsurance exchange, with a number of wholly owned subsidiaries, and is led by a 14-member Board of Governors.

In 2008, The Doctors Company merged with Los Angeles-based SCPIE Holdings, Inc.
In October 2010, the company completed a $386 million purchase of American Physicians Capital, Inc. On October 19, 2011, The Doctors Company acquired FPIC Insurance Group, Inc., and its subsidiaries First Professionals Insurance Company, Inc.; Advocate, MD Insurance of the Southwest, Inc.; Anesthesiologists Professional Assurance Company; and Intermed Insurance Company.

Tribute Plan
In 2007, The Doctors Company launched a retirement benefit for members called the Tribute Plan. The plan’s purpose is to reward members for loyalty to the company and for providing outstanding patient care. The company sets aside funds for eligible members, and those members receive a financial award when they meet plan criteria upon retirement from the practice of medicine.


Júnior Pereira

Júnior Pereira (born February 4, 1987 in Goiânia) is a Brazilian football player who currently plays for FELDA United FC as a Defender in the Malaysia Super League.


The Last Waltz King

The Last Waltz King or Carl Michael Ziehrer, the Last Waltz King (German:Carl Michael Ziehrer, der letzte Walzerkönig) is a 1922 Austrian silent film directed by Wilhelm Thiele and starring Fritz Schroeter, Gabriele Modl and Richard Waldemar. It is based on the life of the nineteenth century composer Karl Michael Ziehrer. A sequel, Tales of Old Vienna, was released the following year.

Cast
    Fritz Schroeter
 Gabriele Modl
 Richard Waldemar
 Franz Glawatsch
 Emil De Varney
 Karl Schöpler
 Wilhelm Thiele


EA-2613

EA-2613 is an extremely toxic organophosphate nerve agent. It's an extremely potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that is resistant to atropine and oxime treatment.


Oklahoma Raiders

Oklahoma Raiders is a 1944 American Western film directed by Lewis D. Collins and starring Tex Ritter.

Plot
In This western, cowboys go to buy fresh horses for the cavalry and end up taking on two badguys and a female vigilante.

Cast
 Tex Ritter as Steve Nolan
 Fuzzy Knight as Banjo Bonner
 Dennis Moore as Todd Wingate
 Jennifer Holt as Donna Ross aka El Vengador
 Jack Ingram as Arnold Drew
 George Eldredge as James Prescott
 John Elliott as Judge Clem Masters
 Slim Whitaker as Sheriff Seth Banning
 I. Stanford Jolley as Higgins
 Richard Alexander as Henchman Duggan (as Dick Alexander)
 Herbert Rawlinson as Colonel Rogers
 Ethan Laidlaw as Deputy Williams
 Johnny Bond as Guitar Player
 Paul Sells as Concertina Player (as Red River Valley Boys)
 Wesley Tuttle as Singer (as Red River Valley Boys)
 Jimmie Dean as Guitar Player (as Red River Valley Boys)


USS Obstructor

USS Obstructor (ACM-7) was a  in the United States Navy during World War II.

Built by the Marietta Manufacturing Company in Point Pleasant, West Virginia, as a U.S. Army mine planter, USAMP 1st Lt. William G. Sylvester (MP-5) was delivered in December 1942 to the U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps, Mine Planter Service. She was named for the first coast artillery officer killed (at Hickam Field, Hawaii, on 7 December 1941) in action in World War II. Sylvester's embarked crew was, in Army terminology, implemented in November 1942, designated the 12th Coast Artillery Mine Planter Battery stationed at Fort Miles, Delaware.

The ship was transferred to the Navy on 4 January 1945. She was renamed Obstructor on 19 January 1945, converted at the Charleston Navy Yard and commissioned on 1 April 1945 with Lt. Sammie Smith, USN in command.

U.S. Navy service history

Pacific Theatre operations
Following shakedown in Chesapeake Bay, Obstructor, a minesweep gear and repair ship, loaded gear and other supplies at Norfolk, Virginia, and sailed on 11 June 1945 for the Panama Canal. Transiting the canal on 21 June 1945, she proceeded up the coast to San Diego. There at the end of the war, she sailed for the Far East on 18 August 1945. Steaming via the Marshalls and the Marianas, she arrived at Manila and reported for duty with MinRon 106 on 8 October 1945. On 17 October 1945 she got underway for Haiphong, arriving and joining task unit TU 74.4 on 22 October 1945. Assuming duties as flagship, MinRon 106, the same day, Obstructor served as a minesweeper tender for that task unit as it operated off Haiphong harbor, the island of Hainan and off Chinese ports during the next six months.

Decommissioning
In early May 1946, she sailed east en route back to the United States. Arriving at San Francisco on 15 June 1946, she was decommissioned and was transferred to the U.S. Coast Guard on 28 June 1946 and was struck from the Navy List on 19 July 1946.

U.S. Coast Guard service history

The second tender named Heather; one of the five Chimo-Class Army minelayers acquired by the U.S. Coast Guard, was commissioned in service with the Coast Guard on 1 February 1947. USCGC Heather (WAGL / WLB-331) was stationed at Mobile, Alabama and was assigned to tend Aids to Navigation (ATON) and conduct Search and Rescue (SAR) operations as needed. She served out of Mobile until 5 December 1949.

On 23 July 1949 she assisted a sinking barge off Isle aux Herbes (Alabama).
On 6 December 1949 she began operations out of San Pedro, California. In addition to tending ATON, she participated in numerous SAR operations as well as other duties.

On 9 February 1953 she escorted the M/V Greece Victory into San Francisco, California. On 23 April 1956 she escorted the P/C Avalon to San Pedro, California. From May to June 1957 she patrolled outboard races in Los Angeles harbor.

On 19 July 1960 she assisted following a deadly collision between the USS Ammen (DD-527) and USS Collett (DD-730) between Seal Beach, California and San Diego, California or Newport Beach, California.

From 15 to 16 March 1961 she rescued the Greek M/V Dominator off Palos
Verdes Point, California and transported survivors to San Pedro. On 19 May 1961 she assisted in raising the sunken CG-40453. On 22 May 1966 she salvaged a U.S. Coast Guard helicopter that had crashed 96 miles off San Diego, California.

After 3 years of U.S. Army, 1 year of U.S. Navy and 20 years of U.S. Coast Guard service
Heather was finally decommissioned on 15 December 1967 and transferred to Seattle, Washington on 12 April 1968.


Fanado River

The Fanado River is a river of Minas Gerais state in southeastern Brazil.


Bagman (video game)

Bagman is a platform video game released in arcades by Valadon Automation in 1982.
It was licensed to Stern for U.S. distribution the same year. In France and Japan, the game is titled Le Bagnard. Bagman was followed-up with Super Bagman in 1984.

Gameplay
The objective of the game is to maneuver the bagman through various mine shafts, picking up money bags and placing them in a wheelbarrow at the surface of the mine. The player must avoid pursuing guards, moving ore carts, and descending elevators. The player may temporarily stun the guards by striking them with a pickaxe or by dropping money bags on them when they are below the player on the same ladder. The player may move between the three screens which make up the level via shafts and on the surface.

Bagman is played using one 4-way joystick and one action button. The joystick is also used to jump out of the ore cart. The action button is used to perform the following tasks:

Pick up and drop money bags
Pick up and drop pickaxe
Grab and release the ceiling beam to avoid the ore cart (this can be done while carrying a money bag)
Placing a money bag in the wheelbarrow
Pick up and drop the wheelbarrow

Points are scored for each horizontal step the player takes, for each money bag placed in the wheelbarrow, and for each guard stunned.

Legacy
Aardvark Action Software published clones for the Commodore 64 and TRS-80 Color Computer as Bagitman. Ocean Software released a clone for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, and ZX Spectrum in 1984 titled Gilligan's Gold.

In 2010 a French programmer reconstructed source code from the game to port it to modern platforms.


Jimmy Peters Sr.

James Meldrum "Shakey" Peters Sr. (October 2, 1922 – October 11, 2006) was a professional ice hockey player who won two Stanley Cups as a member of the Detroit Red Wings in 1950 and 1954 and another with the Montreal Canadiens in 1946.

Playing career
He was born in Verdun, Quebec in 1922 and played with the Montreal Junior Canadiens of the QJHL in 1940–41. He then served with the Canadian Army during World War II. From 1945 to 1954, Peters played with the Montreal Canadiens, with whom he scored the OT goal to win the Stanley Cup (other websites do not offer any confirmation to this fact, but during a Stanley Cup playoff game his name was shown on a list of players who have scored a Stanley Cup winning goal in OT.)  Boston Bruins, Detroit Red Wings and Chicago Black Hawks of the National Hockey League.

After he retired from hockey in 1956, Peters was a salesman in the Detroit area. He died in Marquette, Michigan in 2006. His son Jimmy Peters Jr. also played hockey for the Detroit Red Wings. His nephew Glen Currie played hockey for the Washington Capitals, as well as the Los Angeles Kings. During his three-year tenure with the Canadiens he wore the number 19.  In his 166 games with the Canadiens he scored 35 goals and 50 assists for 85 points, and added another 4 goals and 3 assists in 20 playoff games. He was traded to Boston with John Quilty for Joe Carveth.


Sainte-Pétronille, Quebec

Sainte-Pétronille is a village municipality in the L'Île-d'Orléans Regional County Municipality in the Capitale-Nationale region of Quebec, Canada. It is situated on the south-western tip of Orléans Island, facing Quebec City.

Former notable residents include the Boswell family, who owned the Boswell Brewery in Quebec City from 1843 to 1952, and painter Horatio Walker, whose workshop remains.

History
In 1651, Jesuit missionaries came to the island and established a mission for Huron Indians who were displaced by attacking Iroquois. In 1759, General James Wolfe installed his headquarters there to monitor Quebec City and the two river channels of the Saint Lawrence River. After his victory at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, the area became inhabited by well-to-do English colonists who were attracted by its romantic landscapes and its renowned microclimate. Consequently the cottage-style houses and garden landscaping gave the place a decidedly English character.

Since the topography was not well-suited for agriculture, the place became a fashionable summer resort by the mid 19th century. Hundreds of daytrippers would travel to Sainte-Pétronille by ferry for a Sunday stroll. In 1868, it became home to North America's first golf course, a three-hole course.

The religious parish of Sainte-Pétronille de Beaulieu was formed in 1870, named after Saint Petronilla (a Roman martyr of the first century), and honouring Jacques Gourdeau, sieur de Beaulieu et de la Grossardière, feudal lord of the area in the mid-17th century. The post office opened a year later under the name Beaulieu. In 1874, the Village Municipality of Beaulieu was established by separating from Saint-Pierre, becoming the youngest of the 6 municipalities on Orleans Island.

Since the village itself was almost exclusively called Sainte-Pétronille in common use, the municipality was renamed to its current name in 1980. The post office followed suit in 1991.

Demographics

Population

Language


Ram Dayalu Nagar railway station

Ram Dayalu Nagar railway station is a small railway station in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar. Its code is RD. It serves Muzaffarpur city as secondary station. The station consists of 2 platforms.

Major trains
 Gorakhpur-Patliputra Passenger (unreserved)
 Narkatiaganj - Patliputra Passenger (unreserved)
 Samastipur - Sonpur DEMU
 Samastipur Siwan InterCity Fast Passenger (unreserved)


Lüzu Temple

The Lüzu Temple (吕祖宫) is a Taoist temple in Beijing. Built during the Qing Dynasty, it is located near the Liulichang quarter in the old city.


Listed buildings in Habergham Eaves

Habergham Eaves is a civil parish in the borough of Burnley, Lancashire, England.  It contains four buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England as designated listed buildings, all of which are listed at Grade II.  This grade is the lowest of the three gradings given to listed buildings and is applied to "buildings of national importance and special interest". The parish was originally entirely rural, but there has since been residential and industrial encroachment from Burnley in its northern parts.  The listed buildings consist of two farmhouses, a cross base, and a group of coke ovens.

Buildings


Rahuste Nature Reserve

Rahuste Nature Reserve is a nature reserve situated on Saaremaa island in western Estonia, in Saare County.

The nature reserve has been established to protect the bird-life of the area, and is centred on Ooslamaa and Kriimi islets. Birds that can be seen in the area include avocet, dunlin and arctic tern, among others. The reserve also hosts one of the most well-preserved coastal meadows of Estonia.


Lagerstroemia langkawiensis

Lagerstroemia langkawiensis is a species of small tree in the family Lythraceae. It is endemic to Langkawi Island, Western Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.


Nucet (disambiguation)

Nucet may refer to several places in Romania:

Nucet, a town in Bihor County
Nucet, Dâmbovița, a commune in Dâmbovița County
Nucet, a village in Chiojdeanca Commune, Prahova County
Nucet, a village in Gornet Commune, Prahova County
Nucet, a village in Roșia Commune, Sibiu County
 Nucet, a tributary of the Ialomița in Dâmbovița County


Julio Pérez

Julio Gervasio Pérez Gutiérrez (19 June 1926 in Montevideo – 22 September 2002) was a Uruguayan footballer.

Biography
From 1950 to 1957 he played for Club Nacional de Football, winning the Uruguayan championship in 1950, 52, 55 and 56. He also earned 22 caps and scored 9 goals for the Uruguay national football team from 1947 to 1956. He was part of Uruguay's championship team at the 1950 FIFA World Cup, and also participated in the 1954 FIFA World Cup. During the 1950 World Cup Final, he famously wet himself during the national anthem.

In Brazil he played for Sport Club Internacional.

Pérez died in 2002. His remains are buried at Cementerio del Buceo, Montevideo.


Niki Fürstauer

Nicolas "Niki" Fürstauer (born July 18, 1980) is an Austrian alpine skier.
He competed for Lebanon at the 2002 Winter Olympics in the slalom event, and also won the first ever and first gold Asian Winter Games medal for Lebanon at 2003 Asian Winter Games.


Black Women in the Academy: Defending Our Name 1894-1994 was a national conference focusing on black women academics held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) on January 13–15, 1994. This was the first national conference focusing on issues pertaining to black female scholars. It was held 100 years after the National Federation of Negro Women met in Boston to create a national organization focusing on Black women's issues and to protest the popular image of Black womanhood in the press. The outcome of that meeting was the creation of the National Federation of Afro-American Women.

The 1994 conference was organized by Robin W. Kilson, MIT professor of history and women's studies, and Evelynn M. Hammonds, MIT professor of the history of science. The conference was inspired by Kilson's "personal frustration through the sense of isolation as a black woman" in higher education.  The conference served as a large public forum of Black women academics to discuss issues of research, success and lack thereof in academia, and the repressive political climate of the 1980s and 1990s. About 1,500 black women scholars attended from across the U.S., ranging from undergraduates to professors to college presidents.  It was sponsored by MIT, Wellesley College and Radcliffe College, as well as other foundations.

Proceedings
The conference featured three keynote speakers: Lani Guinier from the University of Pennsylvania Law School, Dr. Johnnetta B. Cole, president of Spelman College; and Professor Angela Davis of the University of California Santa Cruz. Guinier, who had recently been withdrawn from nomination for assistant attorney general by President Bill Clinton, gave an opening speech to three standing ovations, stating that "what was happening to me was a metaphor for the experiences of many women of color". Davis gave the closing speech, arguing the importance of standing up for all black women in the public eye. "While courageous people fought to make the walls of academia less impenetrable, these very victories have spawned new problems and foreshadow new troubles", she said.

The conference also featured over 100 panels, talks, and posters on topics ranging from black women in film and literature, to race and gender politics in academic culture, to specialized research in various topics performed by black female scholars. Vinie Burrows, performance artist, presented “Sister, Sister,” her one-woman show.

At the conference, attendants drafted an appeal to President Clinton, asking him to "commission a blue-ribbon panel on race relations; to promote black women's research and extend the Glass Ceiling Commission to address the women of color in academia; to extend funding for community-based social service organizations for the poor; to end covert actions against Haiti and restore President Aristide to power, and to continue to support democracy in South and Southern Africa."


Cinematograph Films (Animals) Act 1937

The Cinematograph Films (Animals) Act 1937 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (1 Edw. 8 & 1 Geo. 6, c. 59).  It defines a criminal offence of distributing or exhibiting a film that was "organised or directed in such a way as to involve the cruel infliction of pain or terror on any animal or the cruel goading of any animal to fury" - in other words, one in which actual cruelty to animals (as distinct from simulated, e.g. through the use of special effects or CGI) was photographed and/or occurred during the production.

Offences under the Act are punishable by a fine and/or up to three months' imprisonment.  Section 2 of the Act creates a valid defence that the defendant "had reasonable cause to believe" that scenes of animal cruelty in a film were simulated, not actual.  The definition of an animal under the Act is that of the Protection of Animals Act 1911.

History
It is unclear why the Act was passed when it was, or if any single event prompted it to be put before Parliament.  Concern had been expressed in the press during the early to mid-1930s at scenes in mainstream feature films that were suspected of showing actual animal cruelty, one prominent example being Island of Lost Souls (1932).  According to the British Board of Film Classification's website, the Act was a response to "widespread public concern about the mistreatment of animals on film sets, especially in Westerns."

If true, this would explain why the Act made distributing and/or exhibiting animal cruelty footage an offence, but not producing it, given that Westerns were produced outside the jurisdiction of United Kingdom law.

Contemporary usage
The Act has never been repealed, and remains in force.  The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), in keeping with their policy of not sanctioning the release of any film if it believes that the release itself could constitute a criminal act, will occasionally refuse a certificate or require cuts to scenes it suspects involve actual animal cruelty.  A notable case was the UK release of Amores perros in 2001, in which the BBFC accepted the producers' claim that controversial dog fighting scenes were simulated, not actual, and passed the film uncut.

The phrase 'cruel infliction' is understood to mean cruelty to animals that was specifically and gratuitously inflicted with the sole purpose of creating an entertainment film.  Therefore, for example, the screening of a documentary about bullfighting or an educational film about vivisection in medical research would be unlikely to result in prosecution under the Act, because any footage of actual animal cruelty would be of an event that would have taken place regardless of whether or not it had been filmed, and the purpose of screening that footage is not entertainment.  However, a film such as Electrocuting an Elephant would probably fall foul of the Act (had it been in force at the time), as the electrocution took place primarily as a public spectacle, and it was filmed purely for popular entertainment purposes.


Campaign (mixtape)

Campaign is a commercial mixtape by American recording artist Ty Dolla Sign. It was released on September 23, 2016, by Atlantic Records. The mixtape was supported by three singles: "Campaign", "No Justice" and "Zaddy". The mixtape is a recurring theme expressing the views of Ty Dolla Sign and his friends and family on the presidential campaigns of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton.

Singles
"Campaign" was released as the first single on July 11, 2016. The song features a guest appearance from American rapper Future, while the production was handled by D.R.U.G.S. Fittingly, the music video premiered the night before election day (November 7, 2016).

"No Justice" was released as second single on July 21, 2016. The song features a guest appearance from American recording artist Big TC (who is Ty's younger brother, who is still incarcerated in prison), while the production was handled by D'Mile.

"Zaddy" was released as the third single on August 25, 2016. The song was produced by Frank Dukes and Jahaan Sweet. The music video for "Zaddy" premiered on August 30, 2016.

Promotional singles
"3 Wayz" was released as the first promotional single on September 1, 2016. The song features a guest appearance from American rapper Travis Scott, while the production was handled by Hit-Boy, Mike Dean and Haze Banga.

"Stealing" was released as the second promotional single on September 9, 2016. The song was written and produced by Tish Hyman and Dave Kuncio.

Critical reception

Campaign was met with generally positive reviews. At Metacritic, the mixtape received an average score of 71, based on four reviews. Album of the Year assessed the critical consensus as a 62 out of 100.

Winston Cook-Wilson of Pitchfork said, "Campaign outpaces his recent efforts like $ign Language and Airplane Mode but, still, mostly just preserve Ty's musical bottom line." Jordan Sargent of Spin said, "Campaign—a mixtape in name that feels not quite like a mixtape but not exactly like an album, either—is at its best when it carries on that tradition of richness of sound as a virtue in and of itself." Scott Glaysher of XXL said, "Campaign may not exceed the musical brilliance of Free TC but it's a close runner-up." Mick Jacobs of Pretty Much Amazing said, "As a mixtape, I understand why Campaign sounds so derivative, but still I wish Griffin had pushed a bit further in terms of musical experimentation."

Commercial performance
Campaign debuted at number 28 on the US Billboard 200, with 14,000 album-equivalent units.

Track listing

Notes
 "Zaddy" features additional vocals by Jay 305
 "My Song" features additional vocals by Future
 "Hello" features additional outro vocals from YG

Charts


101st Illinois Infantry Regiment

The 101st Illinois Infantry Regiment was an infantry regiment that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Service
The 101st  Illinois Infantry was organized at Jacksonville, Illinois, and mustered into Federal service on September 2, 1862. The regiment was mustered out on June 7, 1865, and discharged at Springfield, Illinois, on June 21, 1865.

Total strength and casualties
The regiment suffered 3 officers and 47 enlisted men who were killed in action or who died of their wounds and 1 officer and 118 enlisted men who died of disease, for a total of 169 fatalities.

Commanders
Colonel Charles H. Fox – Resigned May 1, 1864.
Lieutenant Colonel John B. Lesage – Mustered out with the regiment.

Notable regiment members
 Major Napoleon Bonaparte Brown


Rod Boswell

Roderick William (Rod) Boswell AM FAA FTSE (born 1932 in Yackandanda) is an Australian scientist and researcher. He is a Professor at the Australian National University in Canberra, in the Space Plasma, Power and Propulsion group of the Plasma Research Laboratory. He invented a technology which become the basis for the development of a new type of rocket thruster, the Helicon Double Layer Thruster: the ongoing development of the Australian Plasma Thruster is supported by the European Space Agency.

After taking his B.Sc. at the University of Adelaide, he completed a Ph.D. at Flinders University. His graduate studies were undertaken at Flinders University, in South Australia where, in 1969, he was instrumental in establishing the radical student newspaper "Empire Times" by purchasing and running, in the living room of his home, an offset press, thereby liberating the new newspaper from the censorious tendencies of commercial printers.

His honours and awards include:
In 2001 he was awarded a Centenary Medal "for service to Australian society in applied physics".
In 2008 he was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science
In 2012 he was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) "for service to science in the field of plasma physics as an academic and researcher and through contributions to the international scientific community".


Frobenius method

In mathematics, the method of Frobenius, named after Ferdinand Georg Frobenius, is a way to find an infinite series solution for a second-order ordinary differential equation of the form

with

   and

in the vicinity of the regular singular point . One can divide by  to obtain a differential equation of the form

which will not be solvable with regular power series methods if either p(z)/z or q(z)/z2 are not analytic at z = 0.  The Frobenius method enables one to create a power series solution to such a differential equation, provided that p(z) and q(z) are themselves analytic at 0 or, being analytic elsewhere, both their limits at 0 exist (and are finite).

Explanation
The method of Frobenius is to seek a power series solution of the form

Differentiating:

Substituting:

The expression

is known as the indicial polynomial, which is quadratic in r. The general definition of the indicial polynomial is the coefficient of the lowest power of z in the infinite series. In this case it happens to be that this is the rth coefficient but, it is possible for the lowest possible exponent to be r − 2, r − 1 or, something else depending on the given differential equation. This detail is important to keep in mind. In the process of synchronizing all the series of the differential equation to start at the same index value (which in the above expression is k = 1), one can end up with complicated expressions.  However, in solving for the indicial roots attention is focused only on the coefficient of the lowest power of z.

Using this, the general expression of the coefficient of zk + r is

,

These coefficients must be zero, since they should be solutions of the differential equation, so

The series solution with Ak above,

satisfies

If we choose one of the roots to the indicial polynomial for r in Ur(z), we gain a solution to the differential equation. If the difference between the roots is not an integer, we get another, linearly independent solution in the other root.

Example
Let us solve

Divide throughout by z2 to give

which has the requisite singularity at z = 0.

Use the series solution

Now, substituting

From (r − 1)2 = 0 we get a double root of 1. Using this root, we set the coefficient of zk + r − 2 to be zero (for it to be a solution), which gives us:

hence we have the recurrence relation:

Given some initial conditions, we can either solve the recurrence entirely or obtain a solution in power series form.

Since the ratio of coefficients  is a rational function, the power series can be written as a generalized hypergeometric series.

Roots separated by an integer
The previous example involved an indicial polynomial with a repeated root, which gives only one solution to the given differential equation.  In general, the Frobenius method gives two independent solutions provided that the indicial equation's roots are not separated by an integer (including zero).

If the root is repeated or the roots differ by an integer, then the second solution can be found using:

where  is the first solution (based on the larger root in the case of unequal roots),  is the smaller root, and the constant  and the coefficients  are to be determined. Once  is chosen (for example by setting it to 1) then  and the  are determined up to but not including , which can be set arbitrarily. This then determines the rest of the  In some cases the constant  must be zero. For example, consider the following differential equation (Kummer's equation with  and ):

The roots of the indicial equation are −1 and 0. Two independent solutions are  and  so we see that the logarithm does not appear in any solution. The solution  has a power series starting with the power zero. In a power series starting with  the recurrence relation places no restriction on the coefficient for the term  which can be set arbitrarily. If it is set to zero then with this differential equation all the other coefficients will be zero and we obtain the solution 1/.


1869 Vermont gubernatorial election

The 1869 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on September 7, 1869. Incumbent Republican John B. Page, per the "Mountain Rule", did not run for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont. Republican candidate Peter T. Washburn defeated Democratic candidate Homer W. Heaton to succeed him. The 1869 election was the final time the Governor of Vermont was elected for a one-year term, changing to a two-year term at the 1870 election.

Results


Apple Watch Series 2

The Apple Watch Series 1 and Apple Watch Series 2 are the second-generation models of the Apple Watch. They use SIPs (System in Package), the Apple S1P and Apple S2 respectively, and the Series 2 has a built-in quick-on GPS and twice the display brightness of the previous generation for easier outdoor readability. The Apple Watch Series 1 and 2 require an iPhone 5 or later on iOS 10 or later.

Features
Apple Watch Series 2 has a water resistance rating of 50 meters. It can keep track of the number of laps and distance during Swimming workouts. During swimming, the touch function can be manually disabled with 'Underwater mode'. Once this is turned off, by rotating the Digital Crown continuously, it uses the speaker to expel residual water through a series of 10 vibrations. The Apple Watch Series 2 has a built-in GPS system. The most recently used apps are saved in the background, so apps and information load faster. The Apple Watch Series 2 was sold in both matte Aluminium, starting at $369, and polished Stainless Steel, starting at $549, while the Series 1 was sold only in Aluminium, starting at $269. The Series 2 still needs to be charged nightly, with an advertised 18 hours of battery life, in line with its predecessors. The display is also brighter, from 450 nits to 1000.

Software
The Apple Watch Series 2 was first released with watchOS 3 preinstalled and is still compatible today with the newest version, watchOS 6.1.

Confusion
The Series 1 and Series 2 watches were released at the same time. Both the Series 1 and 2 have faster processors than the first-generation model, but the Series 2 also has waterproofing, allows for swimming workouts, and has a 1000-nit display. With the exception of the faster processor, the Series 1 makes no changes to the first-generation. The first-generation Apple Watch is commonly called the Series 0 by the surrounding communities, but Apple itself doesn't use this name, instead referring to the Series 0 as "Apple Watch (1st generation)".


HMAS Bathurst

Two ships of the Royal Australian Navy have been named HMAS Bathurst, for the city of Bathurst, New South Wales.

 , lead ship of the Bathurst-class corvettes, launched in 1940 and sold for scrap in 1948
 , an Armidale-class patrol boat commissioned in 2006 and active as of 2016

Battle honours
Two battle honours have been awarded to ships named HMAS Bathurst:
 Indian Ocean 1942–44
 Pacific 1945


Turbonilla secura

Turbonilla secura is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.


Sky Lantern (horse)

Sky Lantern is an Irish-bred, British-trained Thoroughbred racehorse. She was one of the leading European two-year-old fillies of 2012 when she won the Moyglare Stud Stakes in Ireland. In May 2013 she won the 200th running of the 1000 Guineas. She followed up with a win in the Coronation Stakes, and recovered from a controversial defeat by Elusive Kate in the Falmouth Stakes to record a fourth Group One win in the Sun Chariot Stakes. She remained in training as a four-year-old but failed to reproduce her best form, finishing unplaced in three races.

Background
Sky Lantern is a grey filly bred in Ireland by the Tally-Ho Stud. She was sired by the Cartier Champion Sprinter Red Clubs who died in 2011. As a yearling in September 2011 the filly was sent to the Goffs Sales where she was bought for €75,000 by the bloodstock agent Ed Sackville of SackvilleDonald. The filly was sent into training with Richard Hannon, Sr. at East Everleigh in Wiltshire. She has been ridden in all of her races by Richard Hughes.

Racing career

2012: two-year-old season
Sky Lantern began her racing career in a six furlong maiden race at Goodwood Racecourse on 24 May 2012. She started evens favourite and won by three and a half lengths from Cruck Realta. Two weeks later she was sent to Ireland where she won the Listed Coolmore Stud EBF Sprint Stakes by half a length from True Verdict. Sky Lantern returned to England in August when she contested the Sweet Solera Stakes over seven furlongs at Newmarket and finished second, a length behind the European Champion filly Certify. Two weeks later Sky Lantern started odds-on favourite for the Prestige Stakes at Goodwood, but was beaten half a length by the Mick Channon-trained Ollie Olga.

On 19 September, Sky Lantern raced in Ireland for the second time when she was one of thirteen fillies to contest the Group One Moyglare Stud Stakes at the Curragh Racecourse. She was held up by Hughes in the early stages before moving up to take the lead before taking the lead a furlong from the finish and drawing clear to win easily by two and a half lengths. After the race Hughes said that she "absolutely flew away" whilst her trainer's son Richard Hannon, Jr. said that ahe would be "a Guineas filly next year". For her final start of the year, Sky Lantern was sent to the United States for the Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf at Santa Anita Park on 2 November. She started the 5/2 favourite but finished eighth of the fourteen runners after failing to obtain a clear run in the closing stages. The Racing Post considered her an "unlucky" loser. Sky Lantern finished the year as the equal top-rated Two-Year-Old Filly in Ireland, alongside Viztoria. At the end of her two-year-old racing career Sky Lantern went to Highclere Stud in Berkshire for a holiday.

2013: three-year-old season
On her three-year-old debut, Sky Lantern finished second to the Henry Cecil-trained Hot Snap in the Nell Gwyn Stakes over seven furlongs at Newmarket. On 5 May Sky Lantern started at odds of 9/1 for the 200th running of the 1000 Guineas over Newmarket's Rowley Mile course. Hughes settled the filly in the middle of the fifteen runner field before moving up to challenge inside the final furlong. She took the lead 50 yards from the finish and won by half a length from Just The Judge, to give Hughes his first British classic winner.

After a break of seven weeks, Sky Lantern returned for the Coronation Stakes at Royal Ascot in which she was reopposed by Just the Judge, who had won the Irish 1000 Guineas. The filly was drawn on the wide outside of the seventeen runner field and started at odds of 9/2, being made joint-favourite with Big Break. Hughes settled the filly towards the back of the field and was still in last place turning into the straight, before switching to the outside. Sky Lantern made rapid progress to overtake the entire field and took the lead a furlong from the finish before drawing clear to win by four lengths. Hughes was able to spend the closing stages patting the filly's neck and pulling on her ear. On 12 July Sky Lantern was matched against older fillies for the first time in the Falmouth Stakes at Newmarket's July course. She started favourite at odds of 4/7 but was beaten in a controversial race by the four-year-old Elusive Kate. When Sky Lantern moved up to challenge Elusive Kate in the final quarter mile, the older filly hung to the left, carrying Sky Lantern across the width of the straight, before prevailing by a neck. The result was allowed to stand after a stewards' enquiry, although the winner's jockey William Buick, who appeared to have struck Sky Lantern across the face with his whip, received a three-day ban for careless riding. The connections of Sky Lantern appealed against the stewards' decision, but the result was upheld by the British Horseracing Authority's disciplinary panel on 18 July. Sky Lantern' next race was the Nassau Stakes at Goodwood Racecourse on 3 August. She started favourite but finished unplaced in a rough race in which Hughes failed to obtain a clear run in the straight.

After an eight-week break, Sky Lantern returned to racing on 28 September, when she was again matched against Elusive Kate in the Sun Chariot Stakes over one mile at Newmarket. She started the 7/4 favourite in a field also included Just The Judge, Duntle and La Collina, the winner of the Matron Stakes. Hughes held the filly up at the back of the field before taking the lead in the last furlong and winning comfortably by a length from Integral, with Duntle third and Elusive Kate in fourth. On her final appearance of the season, Sky Lantern was sent to Hong Kong to contest the Hong Kong Mile at Sha Tin Racecourse. She started the 5/1 third favourite but never looked likely to win and was eased down in the closing stages, finishing last of the fourteen runners.

In November, Sky Lantern finished runner-up to Treve in the voting for both Champion Three-year-old Filly and Horse of the Year at the Cartier Racing Awards. Once again Sky Lantern went to Highclere Stud for a winter holiday, before returning to Richard Hannon's Herridge Stables in January 2014.

2014: four-year-old season
Sky Lantern did not reappear as a four-year-old until Royal Ascot, where she carried top weight of 131 pounds in the Duke of Cambridge Stakes on 18 June. She made some progress in the straight but was never able to reach the leaders, finishing fifth of the fourteen runners behind Integral. Sky Lantern failed to recover her best form, finishing unplaced behind integral in both the Falmouth Stakes at Newmarket in July and the Sun Chariot Stakes in October.

Pedigree


Merafong City Local Municipality

Merafong City Local Municipality is a local municipality in West Rand District Municipality, Gauteng, South Africa.  Its boundaries encloses some of the richest gold mines in the world.  It is situated about 65 km from Johannesburg and is serviced by a number of major roads, including the N12 from Johannesburg to Beaufort West and the N14 (the main road between Gauteng and Vryburg via Ventersdorp).

Formerly a cross-border municipality, the entire municipality was transferred to the North West province following the abolition of cross-border municipalities by an amendment to the South African Constitution in 2005. The municipality was a part of the North West Province from 2005 to 2009, when it was reincorporated into the Gauteng Province by another amendment to the Constitution, following often violent protests in the township of Khutsong.

Merafong's historical development is closely knit with the discovery of rich gold deposits in the early 1930s.

Fochville is the oldest town in the region and was declared a town in 1951.

The town Carletonville was named after Guy Carleton Jones, an engineer from the Gold Fields Ltd mining company, who played a prominent role in the discovery of the West Wits gold field, of which Carletonville forms a part.  The mining company decided in November 1946 to establish the town. Carletonville was proclaimed in 1948 and attained Town Council Status on 1 July 1959.

Wedela is situated in between Western Deep Levels and Elandsrand mine. The town's name is derived from the prefixes of the two mines: the "Wed-" from Western Deep Levels and the "-ela" from Elandsrand.  Wedela was established as a mining village in December 1978 by Harry Oppenheimer, and municipal status was granted to the town on 1 January 1990.

Attached to Fochville and Carletonville are the towns of Khutsong, Kokosi, Greenspark, Welverdiend, and Blybank.

Main places
The 2001 census divided the municipality into the following main places:

Politics
The municipal council consists of fifty-five members elected by mixed-member proportional representation. Twenty-eight councillors are elected by first-past-the-post voting in twenty-eight wards, while the remaining twenty-seven are chosen from party lists so that the total number of party representatives is proportional to the number of votes received. In the election of 3 August 2016 the African National Congress (ANC) won a majority of seats on the council.

The following table shows the results of the election.


Iodowynnea

Iodowynnea is a genus of fungi within the Pezizaceae family. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Iodowynnea auriformis.


Odadadka

Odadadka is a beautiful place situated near the banks of the Netravati River, in Sarapady village, Bantwal taluk, Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka state, India.  It is well connected to taluk headquarter Bantwal through Poopadikatee by road.

Industry
Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited (MRPL) pump house, which supplies water to petroleum refineries in Mangalore, is located near it. There is also a dam which has been constructed across the Netravati River for electricity production.


Muya, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Muya is a commune of the city of Mbuji-Mayi in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.


Cynwyl Gaeo

Cynwyl Gaeo is a parish and community located in rural Carmarthenshire, Wales, near the boundary with Ceredigion, in the upper Cothi valley about halfway between Lampeter and Llandovery. The population of the village at the United Kingdom Census 2011 was 940. It includes the villages of Caeo (or Caio), Crug-y-bar, Cwrtycadno, Ffarmers and Pumsaint.

Historically it was part of the commote of Caeo, which in turn was part of Y Cantref Mawr ("The Great Hundred"), a division of Ystrad Tywi.

It is the location of the Dolaucothi Gold Mines, part of Dolaucothi Estate, whose owner, John Johnes, was murdered by his butler in 1876. The mansion house was demolished in 1952.

The parish church of St Cynwyl in the village of Caeo is a Grade II* listed building.

Governance
An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward stretches south to Llansawel. The total population of the ward at the 2011 Census was 1,613.

The community is bordered by the communities of: Cilycwm; Llanwrda; Llansadwrn; Talley; Llansawel; Pencarreg; and Llanycrwys, all being in Carmarthenshire; and by Llanfair Clydogau and Llanddewi Brefi in Ceredigion.


Second cabinet of Adolphe Thiers

The Second cabinet of Adolphe Thiers was announced on 1 March 1840 by King Louis Philippe I.
It replaced the Second cabinet of Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult.

The ministry was replaced on 29 October 1840 by the Third cabinet of Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult.

Ministers

The cabinet was created by ordinance of 1 March 1840. The ministers were:

 President of the Council of Ministers: Adolphe Thiers
 Foreign Affairs: Adolphe Thiers
 Interior:
 Charles de Rémusat (Minister)
 Léon de Maleville (Sub-secretary of State, from 2 March 1840)
 Justice and Religious Affairs: Alexandre-François Vivien
 War: Amédée Despans-Cubières
 Finance: Joseph Pelet de la Lozère
 Navy and Colonies: Albin Roussin
 Public Education: Victor Cousin
 Public Works: Hippolyte François Jaubert
 Agriculture and Commerce:
 Alexandre Goüin (Minister)
 Adolphe Billault (Sub-secretary of State, from 3 March 1840)


Simpang Empat, Perak

Simpang Empat or Simpang Ampat is a small town located in Hutan Melintang, Bagan Datuk District, Perak, Malaysia.


Günther Steines

Günther Steines (September 28, 1928 in Trier-Pfalzel – June 4, 1982 in Ahrweiler) was a German track and field athlete, who mainly competed in the 800 metres event.

He competed in the 4 × 400 metres relay for Germany at the 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland, where he won the bronze medal with his teammates Hans Geister, Heinz Ulzheimer and Karl-Friedrich Haas. In the 800 metre final in Helsinki he placed sixth.


Beate Meinl-Reisinger

Beate Meinl-Reisinger (born 25 April 1978 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian politician. Since 23 June 2018 she has been party leader of NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum. From 2013 to 2015 Meinl-Reisinger was a Member of the Austrian National Council and from 2015 to 2018 a Member of the Viennese Parliament and a member of the Viennese Municipal Council. She was also a member of the NEOS Landtag and Municipal Council in the Vienna City Hall. Beate Meinl-Reisinger has been a member of the National Council again since October 2018.

Early life and Education
Beate Reisinger studied law at the University of Vienna and received her Master's degree in European Studies at the Danube University in Krems. At the beginning of her career, she completed the "Trainee Program for EU Academics of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber". In this context, she also worked for the European Commission and as an assistant to Othmar Karas in the European Parliament.

After the trainee programme, she worked as deputy managing director at "Frau in der Wirtschaft", a department of the Austrian Federal Economic Chamber. Further positions included the Federal Ministry of Economics and Labour and then the Federal Ministry of Economics, Family and Youth. She subsequently worked as a consultant for women's, family and integration policy in the cabinet of State Secretary Christine Marek (ÖVP). In 2009 she joined the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) Vienna as a political advisor.

Politics
After the birth of her second daughter in 2012, she turned her back on the ÖVP and became involved with NEOS, to whose deputy chairwoman she was elected. With NEOS she made the leap to the National Council in the National Council elections in 2013 on Listplatz 3 . [3] [4] She served as Chair of the Culture Committee and was a member of the Judiciary Committee, the Consumer Protection Committee and the Family Committee.

In February 2015, She was confirmed as the top candidate for the Landtag and municipal elections in Vienna on October 11, 2015. [6] In the election itself  NEOS led by Meinl-Reisinger, received 6.16% of votes in the Vienna City Council and Parliament. Beate Meinl-Reisinger subsequently led the five-member club in the Vienna City Hall as a member of the Landtag and a member of the municipal council.

At a party congress on June 23, 2018, Beate Meinl-Reisinger was elected with 94.8 percent of the delegate votes to succeed Matthias Strolz as party leader of NEOS.  She took over in the National Council meeting on 18 October 2018, the National Council mandate Strolz and also leads the NEOS delegation in Parliament.

References


A Brony Tale

A Brony Tale (originally titled Brony) is a 2014 Canadian-American documentary film directed by Brent Hodge. The film explores the brony phenomenon, the adult fan base of the children's animated show My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic that arose shortly after its premiere in 2010. The film is structured around the journey of Ashleigh Ball, one of the principal voice actresses for the show, including her initial reactions to learning of this older fanbase, and her travel as a Guest of Honor to one of the first fan conventions BronyCon held in New York City in 2012. Hodge, a close friend of and previous collaborator with Ball, was curious as she was as to this phenomenon and opted to film her travel and appearance at the convention for the documentary.

Hodge's film gained interest of film producer and publisher Morgan Spurlock who helped to promote wider distribution of the documentary. Initially slated to be shown for Vancouver-area film festivals, the film was highlighted at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival in New York City, and received critical praise. The film received a wider theater release starting in July 2014, and is currently available on DVD, Blu-ray, Digital Download and On Demand. The film's Blu-ray was sold for the first time at the 2014 New York Comic Con.

The film also screened in 290 theaters across Mexico in late 2014.

Synopsis
Ashleigh Ball, one of the lead voice actresses in Hasbro's My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, begins to notice that she is receiving fan mail for her work on the show, but is perplexed over the fact that most of it is coming from teenagers and adults. These fans, who call themselves "bronies" and are mostly male, take the show's themes and messages of personal responsibility and friendship to heart. Ball accepts an invitation to attend the Winter 2012 BronyCon, a then-semiannual fan convention held in New York City, as a guest of honor and takes the opportunity to meet the fans.

Footage of Ball's interviews and travels is intercut with segments focusing on different fans of the show, including: a burly motorcycle mechanic and former college football player, a United States Army veteran who suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder, the producer of an Internet radio network, and a husband-and-wife team of psychologists who became interested in the show after learning about it from their son. Andrea Libman and Nicole Oliver, two other members of the voice cast, make brief appearances. The film also includes footage and interviews from the Canterlot Gardens fan convention held during mid-2012 near Cleveland, as well as footage from live performances of Ball's band, Hey Ocean!

Production
While focusing on Ball's trip to BronyCon, the film also briefly features fellow My Little Pony voice cast members Nicole Oliver and Andrea Libman.

Director Brent Hodge said that he funded the film himself, and felt it was easy to film as he personally knew Ashleigh Ball. He decided to film as a "fly on the wall" at the meetups so as to not interfere with the goings on and to see the brony world as it really is. During a panel at BronyCon 2013, Hodge went into detail on the film, and showed a trailer to the audience, and revealed that the idea had come about when Ball was asked to do the convention.

In an interview with Everfree News, Hodge went into detail on the film, explaining that it was an outsider view on the brony community that had evolved from simply a documentary on Ball and her voice career.

Promotion and release
The film was originally planned to be part of the local Vancouver DOXA Documentary Film Festival on May 11, 2014, where it was selected to close out the show. To Hodge's surprise, the film was selected as one of five special documentary screenings for the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival and was named one of the top 10 movies to see at Tribeca by Indiewire. The film premiere screening at Tribeca was sold out within hours, and its screening there has brought more attention to the film, according to Hodge.

The film was picked up in April 2014 by an independent film distribution company, Morgan Spurlock Presents, a collaboration between Spurlock's Warrior Poets, Virgil Films, and Abramorama. A Brony Tale is the first film distributed under this label.

Along with the Tribeca premiere and prior to the selected theatrical release, the film had film festival screenings in Vancouver, British Columbia, Seattle, Washington, Wellington, New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand, and has screenings scheduled in Mexico City, Mexico, Monterrey, Mexico and Guadalajara, Mexico via the brony convention FluttyCon 2014 and The Brony Chef.

The film was released on July 8, 2014 in at least twenty different theater markets within North America and was released for home media via Video-On-Demand and DVD/Blu-ray and cable.

Reception

The film has received positive reviews. It currently holds an 80% score with an average rating of 6.7/10 based on reviews from 9 critics on aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes. Christopher Campbell of Movies.com praised Brent Hodge's directing, noting how Hodge "situates the phenomenon inside an identifiable world rather than setting it aside like it's some kind of otherness." Campbell went on to say in his review, "They're compared to the jazz crowd of the 1920s and to the Beatniks and, most assuredly, to the hippies . . . Hodge comes closer to making those of us who can't possibly get it at least start to comprehend what is really going on here and why. If we all joined them in not necessarily watching and playing with and dressing up as My Little Pony but at least in following its message and influence, then the planet would be a much better place."

John Lucas of Straight.com said, "Brent Hodge's documentary about fans of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic suggests that there is no such thing as a typical "brony"; the subjects here include a sensitive Iraq War veteran and a burly motorcycle mechanic...A connecting thread is provided by Vancouver-based voice actor Ashleigh Ball... by the end Ball is touched by the realization that she's an integral part of something much larger than a kiddie show."

Marina Antunes of Row Three called the film "the best documentary I've seen on the subject", and went on to applaud the film, saying that the film "has the advantage of a filmmaker who understands storytelling and Hodge does an excellent job not only of capturing the energy and passion of the fans but packaging that up in a documentary that is both entertaining and informative."

IGN gave the film a score of 9.1, praising the portrayal of the fandom, interviews, the scientific study of bronies, and subject of gender roles. However, criticism was voiced regarding the lack of staff from the show, and the story about a military brony having no conclusion.

Awards
The film was screened as an "Official Selection" at the 2014 Tribeca Film Festival, the 2014 New Zealand Documentary Edge Festival, the 2014 Seattle International Film Festival, the 2014 DOXA Documentary Festival, the 2014 SouthSide Film Festival and the 2014 Las Vegas Film Festival.

The film won "Best Documentary" at the Las Vegas Film Festival and has been nominated for 4 Leo Awards, at the 2015 Leo Awards, in "Best Documentary Feature", "Best Direction in a Documentary Feature", "Best Sound in a Documentary Feature" and "Best Music in a Documentary Feature". The film won the 2015 Leo Award for "Best Sound in a Documentary Feature".


David Chapman (chemist)

David Leonard Chapman FRS (6 December 1869 – 17 January 1958) was an English physical chemist, whose name is associated with the Chapman-Jouguet treatment (on the theory of detonation in gases) and the Gouy-Chapman layer (the surface layer of ions distributed on a charged surface).  He was a fellow of Jesus College, Oxford for 37 years, and was in charge there of the last college laboratory at the University of Oxford.

Education and early life
Chapman was born in Wells, Norfolk but moved with his family to Manchester and attended Manchester Grammar School.  He then went to Christ Church, Oxford, obtaining degrees in chemistry (1893, 1st class) and physics (1894, 2nd class).

Personal life
Campman was by reputation something of a scientific recluse, difficult to dislodge from his laboratory, although he did play a full part in University and College affairs. Away from his teaching and research, he was reserved and somewhat eccentric, but enjoyed golf, cycling and walking. He married one of his research students, Muriel Holmes (a member of the university's Society of Home Students) in 1918 and together they had a daughter, Ruth. He died from cancer at his home in Oxford in 1958.

Career
Chapman was science master at Giggleswick School for a time before becoming a member of staff at the University of Manchester. In 1907, Jesus College, Oxford appointed him as fellow and tutor in charge of its new teaching and research laboratory.  Chapman ran this until his retirement in 1944; the laboratory, the last college-run laboratory in the university, closed in 1947.  Chapman was also vice-principal of the college (1926–44).

Research
Although Chapman took a keen interest in his students, research was his main priority. Chapman had a particular interest in the photochemical reaction of hydrogen and chlorine, establishing that minute traces of impurities caused unexpected consequences.  He suggested the steady state hypothesis in 1913.  He discovered that the interruption of light by a rotating sector caused the rate of the reaction to vary with the frequency of the sector and, in 1926, he was the first to apply this theory to measure the 'mean life' of a reaction intermediate.  Other areas of interest were the theory of detonation in gases (the subject of an important paper that Chapman published in 1899, with reliable calculations of detonation speeds; the theory is still known as the Chapman-Jouget treatment) and the distribution of ions at a charged surface (with the name of the Gouy-Chapman layer being given to the surface layer that he envisaged).


Prunus incisoserrata

Prunus incisoserrata (, meaning "sharp-toothed flowering cherry") is a species of Prunus native to central China, preferring to grow at 1100–2900m. It is a shrub reaching a height of 2–5m. On Huangshan Mountain it is found growing beneath Prunus clarofolia and alongside fellow shrubs Symplocos paniculata, Hydrangea chinensis, Neillia hanceana, Morus australis and Kerria japonica.


Bonomi BS.24 Biposto Roma

The Bonomi BS.24 Biposto Rome () was an Italian dual control trainer designed for club use. Six were built in the mid-1930s.

Design and development

Camillo Silva designed numerous gliders for Aeronautica Bonomi, but only two of them, the BS.14 Astore and the Biposto Roma were two seaters. When the company started out in 1931, early glider training used single seat primary gliders and the absence of an experienced pilot on board resulted, in England at least, in many injuries and closure of gliding clubs.  By 1935 Italian gliding clubs felt a need for dual control aircraft, with good enough performance to take pupils to their C certificates.  They were the Biposto Roma's target market.

Despite the partial overlap in names between the Biposto Roma and the earlier BS.12 Roma they had little else in common.  In plan, about half of the span of the BS.24's wing was unswept and had constant chord; the outer panels were straight tapered to rounded tips.  Ailerons occupied all the trailing edges of these outer panels. There was no dihedral. The wing centre was mounted high above the fuselage on steel struts; in several of his designs Silva had used a cross braced trapezoidal frame for this purpose but the second cockpit, placed at the centre of gravity (c.g.)  under the wing, precluded this and instead there were vertical struts behind each cockpit, one to each wing spar and a third, leaning strut from the rear spar.  The ends of the spars of the central, constant chord panels were braced to the lower fuselage longerons, directly under the forward wing spar, by asymmetric V-form, faired steel struts.

The Biposto Roma's fuselage was a wooden, rectangular cross section structure, skinned with plywood. Its two cockpits, both open and unscreened, were in tandem. If the aircraft was flown solo it was piloted from the font seat; the occupation or otherwise of the rear cockpit left the trim little changed as it was on the c.g. Under the fuselage a rubber sprung wooden landing skid ran from forward of the cockpits to well aft of the wing trailing edge. The tailplane was triangular, mounted on top of a short, trapezoidal fin and braced to the top of the fuselage.  Its elevators had parallel chord and a central cut-out for the rudder, as this, hinged on the fin's trailing edge, was about twice as high as the tailplane.  The rudder was straight edged and reached down to the keel; above the tailplane, it had an aerodynamic balance on its upper leading edge.

Operational history
At least five Biposto Romas were used by the Poggio Renatico gliding school.

Specifications