Bungoma County

Bungoma County is a county in the former Western Province of Kenya. Its capital is Bungoma or Bungoma Town. It has a population of 1,670,570 of which 812,146 are males  858,389 females as per the 2019 census and an area of 2,069 km2. In 2010, the neighbouring Mount Elgon District was eliminated and its lands were merged with Bungoma District to form Bungoma County.It has nine constituencies that are :Bumula Constituency, Kabuchai Constituency,Kanduyi Constituency, Kimilili Constituency, Mt. Elgon Constituency,Sirisia Constituency,Tongaren Constituency,Webuye West Constituency and Webuye East Constituency

The economy of Bungoma County is mainly agricultural, centering on the sugarcane and maize industries. The area experiences high rainfall throughout the year, and is home to several large rivers, which are used for small-scale irrigation.

People
The Bukusu tribe, who occupy much of the county, are resilient and flamboyant people who stood up against British rule in the late 19th century. In a war that erupted at Lumboka and eventually ended at Chetambe, near Webuye, the Bukusu bitterly resisted the British. They are farmers who practice both livestock and crop farming. And an early British traveler described them as such when he visited in 1876 "on the East of the Mountain, there are the Bukusu who are greater livestock breeders and keepers".

The Bukusu have produced many prominent people that have served in the Kenyan public life; among them are H.E. Dr. Mukhisa Kituyi (Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD), the late Hon Masinde Muliro(Founder Member of the original KADU independence party, founder member of FORD party) late Hon Wamalwa Kijana (former vice president), the late Cardinal Maurice Michael Otunga (head of the Catholic Church in Kenya), the late Elijah Masinde (founder of Dini ya Musambwa), Sudi Namachanja (chief during colonial times), Hon. Lawrence Sifuna (Second-Liberation hero in the struggle for multiparty democracy in Kenya), Luka Namulala (community fortune teller), among others. Among the women that have stood out include Dinah Khayota (former women's rights leader), Justice Ruth Nekoye, former Deputy Chief Justice Nancy Barasa, Beatrice Kituyi (a prominent lawyer and former Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Labour), Dr Eusebius Juma Mukhwana (agriculture/educationist), and Prof. Adrian Mukhebi (agriculture) among others.

In business, notable figures include Makhanu Munata, Maurice Butala, Vincent Naliakho, mama Dinah Kibunguchy, Henry Wakwabubi, Tom Katenya, Mama lutia (Nalondo), Dimina Agencies, Mwalimu Kokonya, Moses Simiyu, Luketelo, Mbaya, and Didimo Satia, among others.

Bungoma County have had prominent innovators in the NGO world that helped champion the cause for the poor in society. One such person is Jim Nduruchi, the "jigger man" who started Rise Up Society, a community welfare organization that helped free thousands of people from the jigger scourge that afflicted mainly the poor from all walks of life. He is the winner of Google Awards (2016) in the sub Saharan Africa and his movement called "Love in action" had brought together people from everywhere on the planet to team up and drum up support for the suffering rural folk in Kenya.

Political
Politically, over the last 17 years or so, the community have been members of Ford-Kenya, the party formerly headed by Wamalwa Kijana. Through this party, the community has been able to express and participate in national politics. More recently, community members now have MPs drawn from the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), the Party of National Unity (Kenya) (PNU), Ford-Kenya, and New-Ford-Kenya. Currently, notable political figures include Governor Wycliffe Wangamati, Senate Speaker Kenneth Lusaka, Senator Moses Wetangula, among others.

Population
This large population of approximately 1.7 million, coupled with rural unemployment, has started to put pressure on land and other natural resources, hence necessitating satellite towns to expand their business scope.

Economy
The main economic activities include agriculture, manufacturing, services, and general retail.

Agriculture
Agriculture is the backbone of Bungoma County and most families rely on crop production and animal rearing. The main crops include maize, beans, finger millet, sweet potatoes, bananas, Irish potatoes, and assorted vegetables. These are grown primary for subsistence, with the excess sold to meet other family needs. On the other hand, the main cash crops include sugar cane, cotton, palm oil, coffee, sunflower, and tobacco. Most families integrate livestock production with farming. The main livestock kept include cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys, pigs, poultry, and bees. Most of this is on a small scale but some farmers also produce milk and poultry products for commercial use. Milk farmers sell their milk though cooperative societies, including Sang'alo, Kikai, and Naitiri.

Manufacturing
Rai Paper, formerly Pan-African Paper Mills (East Africa) Limited, is one of the largest manufacturing companies in the county. The company, which was incorporated in 1969, is based in Webuye Town and manufactures paper products. Pan Paper, as it was commonly known, struggled and eventually collapsed in 2009 due to a myriad of factors, including mismanagement. In its heyday, Pan Paper was the largest company in Bungoma and employed 5,000 people directly and another 30,000 indirectly. Due to its importance to the economy of Webuye Town, the collapse brought the town to its knees, with most businesses shutting down. In an effort to revive the company, the government of Kenya privatized it in 2016 and it was bought by Tarlochan Ltd, a subsidiary of Rai Group of Companies, for Ksh 900 million (US$9 million). Due to long neglect, the company needed a major overhaul of machinery, with the new owner saying it would cost about Ksh 6 billion (US$60 million) to fully rehabilitate. Today, the company is operating on a lower scale and employs about 500 people.

Nzoia Sugar Company Ltd is the other major manufacturing company in the county. Established in 1975, the company serves over 67,000 farmers within and outside of Bungoma County. The company's nucleus cane estate covers 3,600 hectares, while the out-grower zone spans over 23,500 hectares. Nzoia Sugar has however not provided farmers with a stable source of income. Frequent closures, occasioned by mismanagement, huge debts, and failure to pay farmers, who in turn refuse to supply cane, have continued to hinder its operations.

The other factories and industries in the county include Malakisi Tobacco Leaf Centre, Webuye Heavy Chemicals Industry, and small coffee factories. Milk plants and large bread bakeries are also present in the county.

Services sector
Bungoma is served by several financial institutions, including major banks such as Barclays, KCB, Equity, Cooperative, National, Family, Diamond Trust, and Bank of Africa. The county also has several micro-finance institutions, including K-Rep and Kenya Women Finance Trust. Insurance companies with a presence in the county include British American, Geminia, Pan African, Blue Shield, and Amaco, among others. The county is served by several post offices, and major mobile telephone operators in Kenya including Safaricom, Airtel, and Telkom. Courier operators in the county include G4S Security and Wells Fargo. Some of these service providers, such as Safaricom, employ hundreds through their services such as Mpesa.

Tourism
Despite having some potential for tourism, including the Mt. Elgon National Park  and cultural events such as traditional circumcision, Bungoma's tourism sector is under-developed. It is only recently that an upsurge of the hotel industry has been experienced, mainly driven by business travelers.

17 Best Places to Visit in Bungoma County

 Mount Elgon National Reserve
 Elephant "Maternity Ward"
 Nabuyole Falls
 Kumfunje Bridge
 Maeni Shrine
 Sang'alo Twin Rock
 Kapsetany Caves
 Teremi Falls
 Daraja la Mungu
 Mwibale wa Mwanja
 Chetambe's Fort
 Buteyo Miti Park
 Namunyu Caves
 Malikisi Falls
 Chepkitale Forest
 Pan Paper Company
 Chwele Market

Retail
Bungoma County has had a vibrant retail sector which has been growing. The major supermarkets operating in the county include Nakumatt, Naivas, Khetias, and Shariffs. Chepkube Market is the county's leading secondhand clothes market, which provides entrepreneurship opportunities to many residents.

Education
The main university in the area is Kibabii University, which was chartered in 2015, and is a public university located about 10km from Bungoma Town, along the Chwele-Kimilili Road. The vice chancellor is Professor Isaac Odeo Ipara. Other major educational institutions of higher learning include SACRED Training Institute (STI), Sang'alo Institute of Science and Technology, Matili Polytechnic, Kisiwa Polytechnic, and Kibabii Diploma Teacher's College.

The county also has major national and county schools, such as Friends School Kamusinga, Lugulu Girls, Kibabii High School, Chwele Girls, Misikhu Girls, and Bungoma High School. The residents of the county highly value education and invest a great deal in it.

Major professionals that have been through the higher education sector in Kenya include Prof. Kassily (medic), Prof. Simiyu Wandibba (archaeology), Prof. Vincent Simiyu (history),  Prof. Henry Kerre (education), Prof. Monica Mwiseli (maths), Prof. Barasa Wangila (aquaculture), Prof. Eusebius Mukhwana (agriculture/educationist), Prof Adrian Mukhebi (agriculture), and Prof. Ngome Kibanani.

NGOs
There are a number of non-governmental organizations currently working in Bungoma. One Acre Fund in an effort to improve farming incomes, is introducing more profitable crops and farming techniques to farmers and providing farming inputs in exchange for a share of future revenues. For over 15 years, SACRED Africa has been working with farmers to improve farm productivity, soil health, Technology transfer and marketing of agricultural produce. the organization pioneered the concept of cereal banking in western Kenya which won a UN award for innovative resolution of challenges facing smallholder marketing.

Sun24 has trained over 60,000 women in Bungoma to cook with rock beds in their traditional wood cookstoves.  Rock beds are free and cut firewood usage by a third and cut smoke by much more.

Village Enterprise has trained more than 600,000 women in Bungoma on how to start, develop and sustain businesses in the county.They have also encouraged the registration of women groups in order to facilitate them to a bigger pool of resources from the government in order to improve livelihoods.

Services and urbanisation
 Source: USAid Kenya

Administration

The county has nine constituencies:

Bumula Constituency
Kabuchai Constituency
Kanduyi Constituency
Kimilili Constituency
Mt. Elgon Constituency
Sirisia Constituency
Tongaren Constituency
Webuye West Constituency
Webuye East Constituency

Villages and settlements
Chelebei
Chesikaki
Kamukuywa
Kapsokwany
Kamusinga
Laboot
Mbakalo
Kibisi
Lunyu
karima


Mesosoma

The mesosoma is the middle part of the body, or tagma, of arthropods whose body is composed of three parts, the other two being the prosoma and the metasoma. It bears the legs, and, in the case of winged insects, the wings.

In hymenopterans of the suborder Apocrita (wasps, bees and ants), it consists of the three thoracic segments and the first abdominal segment (the propodeum).  For historical reasons, in ants it is commonly referred to by the alternative name alitrunk.

In scorpions, it is composed of six segments and forms the first part of the abdomen, containing all of the major organs. The first segment contains the sexual organs as well as a pair of vestigial and modified appendages forming a structure called the genital operculum. The second segment bears a pair of featherlike sensory organs known as the pectines; the final four segments each contain a pair of book lungs. The mesosoma is armoured with chitinous plates, on the upper surface by the tergites and on the lower surface by the sternites.

In other arachnids such as spiders, the mesosoma is fused with the metasoma to form the opisthosoma.


The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) is a document issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) to specify the standards by which traffic signs, road surface markings, and signals are designed, installed, and used. These specifications include the shapes, colors, and fonts used in road markings and signs. In the United States, all traffic control devices must legally conform to these standards. The manual is used by state and local agencies as well as private construction firms to ensure that the traffic control devices they use conform to the national standard. While some state agencies have developed their own sets of standards, including their own MUTCDs, these must substantially conform to the federal MUTCD.

The National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (NCUTCD) advises the FHWA on additions, revisions, and changes to the MUTCD.

History

At the start of the 20th century—the early days of the rural highway—each road was promoted and maintained by automobile clubs of private individuals, who generated revenue through club membership and increased business along cross-country routes. However, each highway had its own set of signage, usually designed to promote the highway rather than to assist in the direction and safety of travelers. In fact, conflicts between these automobile clubs frequently led to multiple sets of signs—sometimes as many as eleven—being erected on the same highway.

Government action to begin resolving the wide variety of signage that had cropped up did not occur until the late 1910s and early 1920s, when groups from Indiana, Minnesota, and Wisconsin began surveying existing road signs in order to develop road signage standards. They reported their findings to the Mississippi Valley Association of Highway Departments, which adopted their suggestions in 1922 for the shapes to be used for road signs. These suggestions included the familiar circular railroad crossing sign and octagonal stop sign.

In 1927, the American Association of State Highway Officials, or AASHO, published the Manual and Specifications for the Manufacture, Display, and Erection of U.S. Standard Road Markers and Signs to set standards for traffic control devices used on rural roads. This was followed by the Manual on Street Traffic Signs, Signals, and Markings, which set similar standards for urban settings. While these manuals set similar standards for each environment, the use of two manuals was decided to be unwieldy, and so the AASHO formed a Joint Committee in 1931 with the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety, or NCSHS, to develop a uniform standard for all settings. This standard was the MUTCD.

The original edition of the Manual of Uniform Control Devices for Streets and Highways was published in 1935. Since that time, eight more editions of the manual have been published with numerous minor updates occurring between, each taking into consideration changes in usage and size of the nation's system of roads as well as improvements in technology.

In 1942, the Joint Committee was expanded to include the Institute of Transportation Engineers, then known as the Institute of Traffic Engineers.  In 1960, the National Joint Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices was again reorganized to include representatives of the National Association of Counties and the National League of Cities, then known as the American Municipal Association.

In 1966, Congress passed the Highway Safety Act, P.L. 89-564, 72 Stat. 885 (1966), which is now codified at  et seq. It required all states to create a highway safety program by December 31, 1968, and to adhere to uniform standards promulgated by the U.S. Department of Transportation as a condition of receiving federal highway-aid funds. The penalty for noncompliance was a 10% reduction in funding. In turn, taking advantage of broad rulemaking powers granted in , the Department simply adopted the entire MUTCD by reference at . Thus, what was formerly a quasi-official project became an official one. States are allowed to supplement the MUTCD but must remain in "substantial conformance" with the national MUTCD and adopt changes within two years after they are adopted by FHWA.

The 1971 edition of the MUTCD included several significant standards; it required all center lines on two-way roads to be painted in yellow (instead of white, which was to demarcate lanes moving in the same direction), and required that all highway guide signs (not just those on Interstate Highways) contain white text on a green background. Most of the repainting to the 1971 standard was done between 1971 and 1974, with a deadline of 1978 for the changeover of both the markings and signage.

On January 2, 2008, FHWA published a Notice of Proposed Amendment in the Federal Register containing a proposal for a new edition of the MUTCD, and published the draft content of this new edition on the MUTCD website for public review and comment. Comments were accepted until July 31, 2008. The new edition was published in 2009.

Development
Proposed additions and revisions to the MUTCD are recommended to FHWA by the National Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (NCUTCD), a private, non-profit organization. The NCUTCD also recommends interpretations of the MUTCD to other agencies that use the MUTCD, such as state departments of transportation. NCUTCD develops public and professional awareness of the principles of safe traffic control devices and practices, and provides a forum for qualified individuals to exchange professional information.

The NCUTCD is supported by twenty-one sponsoring organizations, including transportation and engineering industry groups (such as AASHTO and ASCE), safety organizations (such as the National Safety Council and Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety), and the American Automobile Association. Each sponsoring organization promotes members to serve as voting delegates within the NCUTCD.

Other jurisdictions
The United States is among the majority of countries around the world that have not ratified the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals (based primarily on European signage traditions), and thus the FHWA MUTCD differs significantly from the Vienna Convention. Achieving worldwide uniformity in traffic control devices was never a priority for AASHTO because the number of motorists driving regularly on multiple continents was relatively small during the 20th century.

Warning signs (alerting drivers of unexpected or hazardous conditions) tend to be more verbose than their Vienna Convention counterparts. On the other hand, MUTCD guide signs (directing or informing road users of their location or of destinations) tend to be less verbose, since they are optimized for reading at high speeds on freeways and expressways.

The MUTCD has become widely influential outside the United States; for example, the use of yellow stripes to divide opposing traffic has been widely adopted throughout the Western Hemisphere.

Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland use many road signs influenced by the MUTCD.

Canada

For road signs in Canada, the Transportation Association of Canada (TAC) publishes its own Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Canada for use by Canadian jurisdictions. Although it serves a similar role to the FHWA MUTCD, it has been independently developed and has a number of key differences with its US counterpart, most notably the inclusion of bilingual (English/French) signage for jurisdictions such as New Brunswick and Ontario with significant anglophone and francophone population, a heavier reliance on symbols rather than text legends, and metric measurements instead of imperial.

The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO) also has historically used its own MUTCD which bore many similarities to the TAC MUTCDC. However, as of approximately 2000, MTO has been developing the Ontario Traffic Manual (OTM), a series of smaller volumes each covering different aspects of traffic control (e.g., regulatory signs, warning signs, sign design principles, traffic signals, etc.).

See also
 Comparison of MUTCD-Influenced Traffic Signs
 Road signs in the United States


Ulster Scots dialects

Ulster Scots or Ulster-Scots  (, ), also known as Ulster Scotch, Scots-Irish and Ullans, is the dialect of the Scots language spoken in parts of Ulster in Ireland. It is generally considered a dialect or group of dialects of Scots, although groups such as the Ulster-Scots Language Society and Ulster-Scots Academy consider it a language in its own right, and the Ulster-Scots Agency and former Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure have used the terminology Ulster-Scots language.

Some definitions of Ulster Scots may also include Standard English spoken with an Ulster Scots accent. This is a situation like that of Lowland Scots and Scottish Standard English with words pronounced using the Ulster Scots phonemes closest to those of Standard English.
Ulster Scots has been influenced by Hiberno-English, particularly Mid-Ulster English, and by Ulster Irish. As a result of the competing influences of English and Scots, varieties of Ulster Scots can be described as "more English" or "more Scots".

Names
While once referred to as Scotch-Irish by several researchers, that has now been superseded by the term Ulster Scots. Speakers usually refer to their vernacular as 'Braid Scots', 'Scotch' or 'the hamely tongue'. Since the 1980s Ullans, a portmanteau neologism popularized by the physician, amateur historian and politician Ian Adamson, merging Ulster and Lallans, the Scots for Lowlands, but also an acronym for “Ulster-Scots language in literature and native speech” and Ulstèr-Scotch, the preferred revivalist parlance, have also been used. Occasionally, the term Hiberno-Scots is used, but it is usually used for the ethnic group rather than the vernacular.

Speaker population and spread

During the middle of the 20th century, the linguist R. J. Gregg established the geographical boundaries of Ulster's Scots-speaking areas based on information gathered from native speakers.

Ulster Scots is spoken in mid and east Antrim, north Down, north-east County Londonderry, and in the fishing villages of the Mourne coast. It is also spoken in the Laggan district and parts of the Finn Valley in east Donegal and in the south of Inishowen in north Donegal.

The 1999 Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey found that 2% of Northern Ireland residents claimed to speak Ulster Scots, which would mean a total speech community of approximately 30,000 in the territory. Other estimates range from 35,000 in Northern Ireland, to an "optimistic" total of 100,000 including the Republic of Ireland (mainly the east of County Donegal). Speaking at a seminar on 9 September 2004, Ian Sloan of the Northern Ireland Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure (DCAL) accepted that the 1999 Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey "did not significantly indicate that unionists or nationalists were relatively any more or less likely to speak Ulster Scots, although in absolute terms there were more unionists who spoke Ulster Scots than nationalists".

In the 2011 census of Northern Ireland, 16,373 people (0.9% of the population) stated that they can speak, read, write and understand Ulster Scots and 140,204 people (8.1% of the population) reported having some ability in Ulster Scots.

Status

Enthusiasts such as Philip Robinson (author of Ulster-Scots: a Grammar of the Traditional Written and Spoken Language), the Ulster-Scots Language Society and supporters of an Ulster-Scots Academy are of the opinion that Ulster Scots is a language in its own right. That position has been criticised by the Ulster-Scots Agency, a BBC report stating: "[The Agency] accused the academy of wrongly promoting Ulster-Scots as a language distinct from Scots." This position is reflected in many of the Academic responses to the "Public Consultation on Proposals for an Ulster-Scots Academy"

Linguistic status

Some linguists, such as Raymond Hickey, treat Ulster Scots (and other forms of Scots) as a dialect of English. Other linguists treat it as a variety of the Scots language; Caroline Macafee, for example, writes that "Ulster Scots is [...] clearly a dialect of Central Scots." The Concise Ulster Dictionary writes that "Ulster Scots is one dialect of Lowland Scots, now officially regarded as a language by the European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages." The Northern Ireland Department of Culture, Arts and Leisure considers Ulster Scots to be "the local variety of the Scots language." It has been said that its "status varies between dialect and language".

Legal status
Ulster Scots is defined in an Agreement between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of Ireland establishing implementation bodies done at Dublin on the 8th day of March 1999 in the following terms:

The North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) Northern Ireland Order 1999, which gave effect to the implementation bodies incorporated the text of the agreement in its Schedule 1.

The declaration made by the United Kingdom Government regarding the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages reads as follows:

This recognition differed significantly from the commitments entered into under the Charter in relation to Irish, for which specific provisions under Part III were invoked for the protection and promotion of that language. The definition of Ullans from the North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) Northern Ireland Order 1999 above was used in 1 July 2005 Second Periodical Report by the United Kingdom to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe outlining how the UK met its obligations under the Charter.

The Good Friday Agreement (which does not refer to Ulster Scots as a "language") recognises Ulster Scots as "part of the cultural wealth of the island of Ireland", and the Implementation Agreement established the cross-border Ulster-Scots Agency (Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch).

The legislative remit laid down for the agency by the North/South Co-operation (Implementation Bodies) Northern Ireland Order 1999 is: "the promotion of greater awareness and the use of Ullans and of Ulster-Scots cultural issues, both within Northern Ireland and throughout the island".

The agency has adopted a mission statement: to promote the study, conservation, development and use of Ulster Scots as a living language; to encourage and develop the full range of its attendant culture; and to promote an understanding of the history of the Ulster-Scots people. Despite the Agency's reference to Ulster Scots as "a language", this eliding of the distinction between Ulster Scots as a linguistic form, and "Ulster Scots culture" broadly referring to cultural forms associated with the Scottish-descended population, continued thereafter.

The Northern Ireland (St Andrews Agreement) Act 2006 amended the Northern Ireland Act 1998 to insert a section (28D) entitled Strategies relating to Irish language and Ulster Scots language etc. which inter alia laid on the Executive Committee a duty to "adopt a strategy setting out how it proposes to enhance and develop the Ulster Scots language, heritage and culture." This reflects the wording used in the St Andrews Agreement to refer to the enhancement and development of "the Ulster Scots language, heritage and culture". There is still controversy on the status of Ulster Scots.

History and literature

Scots, mainly Gaelic-speaking, had been settling in Ulster since the 15th century, but large numbers of Scots-speaking Lowlanders, some 200,000, arrived during the 17th century following the 1610 Plantation, with the peak reached during the 1690s. In the core areas of Scots settlement, Scots outnumbered English settlers by five or six to one.

Literature from shortly before the end of the unselfconscious tradition at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is almost identical with contemporary writing from Scotland. W. G. Lyttle, writing in Paddy McQuillan's Trip Tae Glesco, uses the typically Scots forms kent and begood, now replaced in Ulster by the more mainstream Anglic forms knew, knowed or knawed and begun. Many of the modest contemporary differences between Scots as spoken in Scotland and Ulster may be due to dialect levelling and influence from Mid Ulster English brought about through relatively recent demographic change rather than direct contact with Irish, retention of older features or separate development.

The earliest identified writing in Scots in Ulster dates from 1571: a letter from Agnes Campbell of County Tyrone to Queen Elizabeth on behalf of Turlough O'Neil, her husband. Although documents dating from the Plantation period show conservative Scots features, English forms started to predominate from the 1620s as Scots declined as a written medium.

In Ulster Scots-speaking areas there was traditionally a considerable demand for the work of Scottish poets, often in locally printed editions. These include Alexander Montgomerie's The Cherrie and the Slae in 1700; shortly over a decade later an edition of poems by Sir David Lindsay; nine printings of Allan Ramsay's The Gentle shepherd between 1743 and 1793; and an edition of Robert Burns' poetry in 1787, the same year as the Edinburgh edition, followed by reprints in 1789, 1793 and 1800. Among other Scottish poets published in Ulster were James Hogg and Robert Tannahill.

That was complemented by a poetry revival and nascent prose genre in Ulster, which started around 1720. The most prominent of these was the rhyming weaver poetry, of which, some 60 to 70 volumes were published between 1750 and 1850, the peak being in the decades 1810 to 1840, although the first printed poetry (in the Habbie stanza form) by an Ulster Scots writer was published in a broadsheet in Strabane in 1735. These weaver poets looked to Scotland for their cultural and literary models and were not simple imitators but clearly inheritors of the same literary tradition following the same poetic and orthographic practices; it is not always immediately possible to distinguish traditional Scots writing from Scotland and Ulster. Among the rhyming weavers were James Campbell (1758–1818), James Orr (1770–1816), Thomas Beggs (1749–1847), David Herbison (1800–1880), Hugh Porter (1780–1839) and Andrew McKenzie (1780–1839).

Scots was also used in the narrative by Ulster novelists such as W. G. Lyttle (1844–1896) and Archibald McIlroy (1860–1915). By the middle of the 19th century the Kailyard school of prose had become the dominant literary genre, overtaking poetry. This was a tradition shared with Scotland which continued into the early 20th century. Scots also frequently appeared in Ulster newspaper columns, especially in Antrim and Down, in the form of pseudonymous social commentary employing a folksy first-person style. The pseudonymous Bab M'Keen (probably successive members of the Weir family: John Weir, William Weir, and Jack Weir) provided comic commentaries in the Ballymena Observer and County Antrim Advertiser for over a hundred years from the 1880s.

A somewhat diminished tradition of vernacular poetry survived into the 20th century in the work of poets such as Adam Lynn, author of the 1911 collection Random Rhymes frae Cullybackey, John Stevenson (died 1932), writing as "Pat M'Carty", and John Clifford (1900–1983) from East Antrim. In the late 20th century the poetic tradition was revived, albeit often replacing the traditional Modern Scots orthographic practice with a series of contradictory idiolects. Among the significant writers is James Fenton, mostly using a blank verse form, but also occasionally the Habbie stanza. He employs an orthography that presents the reader with the difficult combination of eye dialect, dense Scots, and a greater variety of verse forms than employed hitherto. The poet Michael Longley (born 1939) has experimented with Ulster Scots for the translation of Classical verse, as in his 1995 collection The Ghost Orchid. The writing of Philip Robinson (born 1946) has been described as verging on "post-modern kailyard". He has produced a trilogy of novels Wake the Tribe o Dan (1998), The Back Streets o the Claw (2000) and The Man frae the Ministry (2005), as well as story books for children Esther, Quaen o tha Ulidian Pechts and Fergus an tha Stane o Destinie, and two volumes of poetry Alang the Shore (2005) and Oul Licht, New Licht (2009).

A team in Belfast has begun translating portions of the Bible into Ulster Scots. The Gospel of Luke was published in 2009 by the Ullans Press. It is available in the YouVersion Bible Project.

Since the 1990s

In 1992 the Ulster-Scots Language Society was formed for the protection and promotion of Ulster Scots, which some of its members viewed as a language in its own right, encouraging use in speech, writing and in all areas of life.

Within the terms of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages the British Government is obliged, among other things, to:
Facilitate and/or encourage of the use of Scots in speech and writing, in public and private life.
Provide appropriate forms and means for the teaching and study of the language at all appropriate stages.
Provide facilities enabling non-speakers living where the language is spoken to learn it if they so desire.
Promote study and research of the language at universities of equivalent institutions.

The Ulster-Scots Agency, funded by DCAL in conjunction with the Department of Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs, is responsible for promotion of greater awareness and use of Ullans and of Ulster-Scots cultural issues, both within Northern Ireland and throughout the island. The agency was established as a result of the Belfast Agreement of 1998. Its headquarters are on Great Victoria Street in central Belfast, while the agency has a major office in Raphoe, County Donegal.

In 2001 the Institute of Ulster Scots Studies was established at the University of Ulster.

An Ulster Scots Academy has been planned with the aim of conserving, developing, and teaching the language of Ulster-Scots in association with native speakers to the highest academic standards.

2010's documentary The Hamely Tongue by filmmaker Deaglán O Mocháin traces back the origins of this culture and language, and relates its manifestations in today's Ireland.

New orthographies

By the early 20th century the literary tradition was almost extinct, though some 'dialect' poetry continued to be written. Much revivalist Ulster Scots has appeared, for example as "official translations", since the 1990s. However, it has little in common with traditional Scots orthography as described in Grant and Dixon’s Manual of Modern Scots (1921). Aodán Mac Póilin, an Irish language activist, has described these revivalist orthographies as an attempt to make Ulster Scots an independent written language and to achieve official status. They seek "to be as different to English (and occasionally Scots) as possible". He described it as a hotchpotch of obsolete words, neologisms (example: stour-sucker for vacuum cleaner), redundant spellings (example: qoho for who) and "erratic spelling". This spelling "sometimes reflects everyday Ulster Scots speech rather than the conventions of either modern or historic Scots, and sometimes does not". The result, Mac Póilin writes, is "often incomprehensible to the native speaker". In 2000, Dr John Kirk described the "net effect" of that "amalgam of traditional, surviving, revived, changed, and invented features" as an "artificial dialect". He added,It is certainly not a written version of the vestigial spoken dialect of rural County Antrim, as its activists frequently urge, perpetrating the fallacy that it’s wor ain leid. (Besides, the dialect revivalists claim not to be native speakers of the dialect themselves!). The colloquialness of this new dialect is deceptive, for it is neither spoken nor innate. Traditional dialect speakers find it counter-intuitive and false...

In 2005, Gavin Falconer questioned officialdom's complicity, writing: "The readiness of Northern Ireland officialdom to consign taxpayers’ money to a black hole of translations incomprehensible to ordinary users is worrying". Recently produced teaching materials, have, on the other hand, been evaluated more positively.

Sample texts
The three text excerpts below illustrate how the traditional written form of Ulster Scots from the 18th to early 20th century was virtually indistinguishable from contemporary written Scots from Scotland.

The Muse Dismissed (Hugh Porter 1780–1839)

Be hush'd my Muse, ye ken the morn
Begins the shearing o' the corn,
Whar knuckles monie a risk maun run,
An' monie a trophy's lost an' won,
Whar sturdy boys wi' might and main
Shall camp, till wrists an' thumbs they strain,
While pithless, pantin' wi' the heat,
They bathe their weazen'd pelts in sweat
To gain a sprig o' fading fame,
Before they taste the dear-bought cream—
But bide ye there, my pens an' papers,
For I maun up, an' to my scrapers—
Yet, min', my lass— ye maun return
This very night we cut the churn.

To M.H. (Barney Maglone 1820?–1875)

This wee thing's o' little value,
But for a' that it may be
Guid eneuch to gar you, lassie,
When you read it, think o' me.

Think o' whan we met and parted,
And o' a' we felt atween—
Whiles sae gleesome, whiles doon-hearted—
In yon cosy neuk at e'en.

Think o' when we dander't
Doon by Bangor and the sea;
How yon simmer day, we wander't
'Mang the fields o' Isle Magee.

Think o' yon day's gleefu' daffin'
(Weel I wot ye mind it still)
Whan we had sic slips and lauchin',
Spielin' daftly up Cave Hill.

Dinna let your e'en be greetin'
Lassie, whan ye think o' me,
Think upo' anither meetin',
Aiblins by a lanward sea.

From The Lammas Fair (Robert Huddleston 1814–1889)

Tae sing the day, tae sing the fair,
That birkies ca' the lammas;
In aul' Belfast, that toun sae rare,
Fu' fain wad try't a gomas.
Tae think tae please a', it were vain,
And for a country plain boy;
Therefore, tae please mysel' alane,
Thus I began my ain way,
Tae sing that day.

Ae Monday morn on Autumn's verge
To view a scene so gay,
I took my seat beside a hedge,
To loiter by the way.
Lost Phoebus frae the clouds o' night,
Ance mair did show his face—
Ance mair the Emerald Isle got light,
Wi' beauty, joy, an' grace;
Fu' nice that day.

The examples below illustrate how 21st century Ulster Scots texts seldom adhere to the previous literary tradition, Yer guide tae the cheenge-ower, perhaps being a rare exception. Instead there has been an increase in the use of somewhat creative phonetic spellings based on the perceived sound-to-letter correspondences of Standard English, i.e. dialect writing, as exemplified in Alice's Carrànts in Wunnerlan or the adoption of a more esoteric "amalgam of traditional, surviving, revived, changed, and invented features" as exemplified in Hannlin Rede.

From Yer guide tae the cheenge-ower (digitaluk 2012)

Dae A need a new aerial?
Gin ye hae guid analogue reception the nou, ye'r like no tae need tae replace yer ruiftap or set-tap aerial for the cheenge-ower – thare nae sic thing as a 'deegital aerial'. But gin ye hae ill analogue reception the nou, ye’ll mebbe need tae replace it.
Find oot by gaun til the aerial-pruifer on Teletext page 284. Anither wey is tae wait until efter the cheenge-ower for tae see if yer pictur's affect.

From Alice's Carrànts in Wunnerlan (Anne Morrison-Smyth, 2013)

The Caterpillar an Alice lukt at ither fur a quare while wi’oot taakin: finally the Caterpillar tuk the hookah oot o its mooth, an spoke tae hir in a languid, dozy voice.
“Wha ir yae?” said the Caterpillar.
This wusnae a pooerfu guid openin fur a yarn. Alice answert brev an baakwardly, “A—A harly know, Sir, jest at this minute—at least A know wha A wus this moarnin, but heth, A hae bin changed a wheen o times since thin.”
“What dae yae mean bae that?” said the Caterpillar sternly. “Explain yersel!”
“A cannae explain maesel, A’m feart, Sir,” said Alice, “baecaas A’m naw maesel, yae see.”
“A dinnae see,” said the Caterpillar.
“A cannae mak it onie mair clear,” Alice answer, while polite, “fur A cannae unnerstan it maesel tae stairt wi; an baein sae monie different sizes in yin dae haes turnt mae heid.”

From Hannlin Rede [annual report] 2012–2013 (Männystèr o Fairms an Kintra Fordèrin, 2012)

We hae cum guid speed wi fettlin tae brucellosis, an A'm mintin at bein haleheidit tae wun tae tha stannin o bein redd o brucellosis aathegither. Forbye, A'm leukkin tae see an ettlin in core at fettlin tae tha TB o Kye, takkin in complutherin anent a screengin ontak, tha wye we'll can pit owre an inlaik in ootlay sillert wi resydentèrs. Mair betoken, but, we'll be leukkin forbye tae uphaud an ingang airtit wi tha hannlins furtae redd ootcum disayses. An we'r fur stairtin in tae leukk bodes agane fur oor baste kenmairk gate, 'at owre tha nixt wheen o yeirs wull be tha ootcum o sillerin tae aboot £60m frae resydentèrs furtae uphaud tha hale hannlin adae wi beef an tha mïlk-hoose.


Paruszewice

Paruszewice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Boniewo, within Włocławek County, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-central Poland. It lies approximately  south of Włocławek and  south of Toruń.

The village has a population of 40.


Suuri illusioni

Suuri illusioni ('Great illusion' or 'Grand illusion') is a 1928 novel by the Finnish writer Mika Waltari. It is about bohemian and aimless urban life in the author's own generation. The novel became a breakthrough for Waltari, who previously had been a writer of religious poetry and horror short stories. It received positive reviews and was translated into several languages.

The book was the basis for the 1985 film Grand Illusion directed by Tuija-Maija Niskanen.


Büyükkışla, Şereflikoçhisar

Büyükkışla is a village in the District of Şereflikoçhisar, Ankara Province, Turkey.

Notable people
 Selçuk Öztürk (born 1972), Dutch politician of Turkish descent


Half Moon (lacrosse)

Competitor for  Canada

Half Moon was a First Nations lacrosse player who competed in the 1904 Summer Olympics for Canada.

In 1904 he was member of the Mohawk Indians Lacrosse Team which won the bronze medal in the lacrosse tournament.


Ain El Fouara Fountain

Ain El Fouara Fountain (literally fountain spring gushing) is an emblematic and famous monument of Setif in Algeria. This fountain consist of a statue made in 1898 by the French sculptor Francis de Saint-Vidal.

The statue, representing a totally naked woman, is the subject of several acts of vandalism.

History
It was initially a simple fountain built around a spring by the Military engineering after the occupation of Sétif. Its water was warm during winter and fresh in summer. But its progressive deterioration obliged the municipal council to think about its restoration. Especially M. Bastide, councilor, who addressed the issue of the reparation of the fountain in 1894. Two years later in 1896, the mayor of Sétif, M. Aubry, during a trip in Paris, asked the director of “Les Beaux-Arts” to donate a statue that will be used for the decoration of the fountain.

In 1898, the mayor received a letter informing him that the statue made by Francis de Saint-Vidal was ready.

The establishment of the statue and all work was finished in 1899.

On 22 April 1997, the statue was damaged in a bomb blast blamed on islamists and on 28 February 2006 an Islamist damaged the statue with a hammer. Each time it was repaired. On 18 December 2017, a man defaced the statue for a third time, removing the facial features and breasts with a hammer and chisel.  The restored statue was unveiled on 4 August 2018, only to suffer a further Islamist attack on 9 October 2018. The minister, Azzedine Mihoubi, announced on Twitter that the damage was slight and would be repaired.


Maidstone FC

Maidstone Rugby Club is an English rugby union club based in Maidstone, Kent. The club plays in the London 2 South league, winning the London and South East 2 competition for the 2014–15 season. The club has a thriving mini and youth sections, with enjoyment and development a priority. There are 4 men's senior teams, catering for all ages and abilities.

History
One of the oldest rugby clubs in the country, the club was formed in 1880, and originally played at a ground close to the centre of the town owned by a Dr. Monckton. The club faced many strong teams from 1886 onwards, such as Middlesex Wanderers, Harlequin F.C., Richmond, Eton House, London Scottish and Old Merchant Taylors' FC. Within this period they found a surge of numbers in players who had formerly been pupils of Maidstone Grammar School. The club moved to The Mote in the early 1950s and have played there ever since. During the 1970s and 80s, Maidstone had become one of the premier clubs in Kent and reached the finals of the county cup for seven years running between 1974 and 1980, winning twice and once again in 1987. During the 1970s, they reached the finals of the Middlesex Sevens at Twickenham three times in four years and in 1980 were the only junior club to be invited to play in the London Senior Clubs Rugby Festival at Twickenham. Alongside Scottish club Heriot’s FP, Lansdowne from Ireland and French Champions Bagneres, the club reached the semi-finals where  they were beaten 6–0 by London Scottish.

League history
At the formation of the leagues in 1987, Maidstone were unanimously voted by the seven counties of the London Division to go straight into National League Three, along with the Metropolitan Police. After six seasons in the national leagues until 1993, the club suffered four relegations in four seasons and arrived in London 1 in 1996. At this point the committee took the decision to appoint a Director of Rugby and new management and coaching structure, the slump was stopped. Promotion was achieved within three seasons and in 2000, the final of the Kent Cup was lost in the dying moments to National League side, Westcombe Park. In 2003, they were relegated to London 2, but were promoted back to London 2 as unbeaten champions in 2005.

During a match against Gravesend R.F.C. on 17 January 2010, a Maidstone player allegedly gouged (although this was never fully proven) Gravesend player, Clarence Harding. After a Rugby Football Union hearing on 12 January 2011, the club were fined £2000 and found Maidstone guilty of "conduct prejudicial to the interests of the game". They were also docked 50 points, and while the hearing judged the gouging was a deliberate action, they were unable to identify the guilty player. The club accepted the RFU's decision.
Moving forward, the club looked to rebuild after a turbulent couple of seasons. After finishing 4th in London 3 in the 2011–12 season several changes have been made at the club. Their long term aim being to return to London 1 rugby within the next few seasons. The 2012–13 season was an incredibly successful one for Maidstone. They won London 3 SE with 5 games spare and ended undefeated in the league. This saw them return to London and SE 2 for the 2013–14 season. In their first season back at level 7, the club finished a strong 2nd place behind leaders Charlton Park. Maidstone lost the promotion play-off to Gosport and Fareham, who they had beaten eight months before in a pre-season friendly.

For the 14-15 season, wholesale changes were made both on and off the pitch for a variety of reasons. The restructure has led to one of the best league seasons in the club's history. The first team went undefeated, only missing out on a perfect season with a draw against second placed Medway. The club was promoted back to London One South after a lengthy absence and finished a credible 6th in the 15-16 season. The club finished 9th in the 2016-17 season.

Recent cup history
The club has had relative success in the past 4 years in various cup competitions. In 2011–12, the club reached the national semi-final of the RFU Senior Vase but lost to eventual winners Wells RFC.

The club again reached the semi-final stage in 2012–13 and were very confident in going one step further and making amends for the previous season. However, despite the home draw Maidstone missed out again and went down narrowly to Drybrook RFC.
In the 2013–14 season, Maidstone traveled to Blackheath RFC in the semi-final of the Kent Cup. Despite the difference in leagues, Maidstone pushed the national one team all the way, eventually losing by a single point.

The club has had fantastic success in cup competitions during the 2014–15 season. In the Kent cup quarter-final Maidstone beat national three side Westcombe Park to set up a clash with Old Elthamians. However, due to a fixture clash, the club had to withdraw from the cup. Now competing in the RFU Intermediate Cup, Maidstone have had a brilliant run beating Harrow, Medway, Diss and Chiswick to set up a semi-final with Gloucester-based Coney Hill RFC.

With the memory of the previous near misses in their minds, the club put on an incredible performance to win 44–13 to finally book at place at the Twickenham Final against Bridgnorth RFC.
The final, held at Twickenham Stadium on Sunday 3 May saw an incredible day out for the whole club. In excess of 7000 supporters travelled to the home of England Rugby to watch Maidstone beat Bridgnorth 31–18 to lift the RFU Intermediate Cup and round off an unbeaten season.

For the 15-16 season, Maidstone lifted the Kent Plate after games against Tonbridge Juddians and Dartfordians. After going out of the Kent Cup to National 1 side Blackheath, Maidstone retained the Kent Plate by beating old rivals Aylesford Bulls in the final.

Honours
Kent Cup winners (2): 1974, 1979
London 2 South East champions: (3): 1998–99, 2004–05, 2014–15
London 3 South East champions: 2012–13
RFU Intermediate Cup winners: 2015
Kent Plate winners (2): 2016, 2017

Current squad

Former players
List of former players who have gone onto represent professional clubs.


Royal Security Command

The Royal Security Command () is The king of Thailand’s military household and is part of Thailand’s royal court administration.  It exercises command and control over the military units that are engaged full-time in the protection and guarding of the king and his family as well as the various Royal palaces of Thailand.

The command is responsible for the planning, direction and coordination of the security detachments of the king, queen, heir-apparent and other members of the Thai royal family. It is also responsible for the security of the monarch's representatives and visitors. The security and safety of the king, his family and Royal palaces are the direct responsibility of the Monarch. The units and personnel of the royal security command do not form part of the regular armed forces chain of command.

History

The Royal Security Command was formerly an agency under the Office of the Supreme Commander of the Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters. It was established as a King's Guard unit on 18 November 1992. In 2013, the Royal Security Command became a juristic person and was put under the purview of the Ministry of Defense while retaining Crown Prince Vajiralongkorn as its commander.

On 1 May 2017 the Royal Security Command was made a royal agency directly under the command of the monarchy, independent of the rest of the armed forces and the Royal Thai Government.

On 30 September 2019, two infantry regiments were removed from the Royal Thai Army's chain of command and placed under the Royal Security Command. All personnel, assets and operating budgets were likewise transferred to the agency. The move was prompted by the need to provide better security to the royal family, royal residences, and Foreign heads of state and other dignitaries dignitaries visiting at the monarch's invitation.

Organization

The Royal Security Command is divided into these agencies:
 Office of the Commander. This officer is appointed by and directly responsible to the king.
 Office of the Special Operations Officer in His Majesty
 Command Staff Office
 Royal Thai Aide-De-Camp Department
 King's Own Bodyguard Command. All infantry units from the Royal Thai Army are under this section of the command.
 Royal Court Security Police Command. This section exercises control over police units assigned to the command.

Military units
The Royal Security Command is in charge of two Infantry regiments:

 1st Infantry Regiment, King's Close Bodyguard (; ), 'The king's close bodyguards')
1st Infantry Battalion, 1st King's Own Bodyguard Regiment
2nd Infantry Battalion, 1st King's Own Bodyguard Regiment
3rd Infantry Battalion, 1st King's Own Bodyguard Regiment

 11th Infantry Regiment, King's Close Bodyguard, (; ), 'The palace bodyguards')
 1st Infantry Battalion, 11th King's Own Bodyguard Regiment
 2nd Infantry Battalion, 11th King's Own Bodyguard Regiment
 3rd Infantry Battalion, 11th King's Own Bodyguard Regiment

Police units

 Ratchawallop Police Retainers, King's Guard 904


Baynton (surname)

Baynton is an English surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Andrew Baynton (fl. 1540), English scholar
Barbara Baynton (1857–1929), Australian writer
Henry Baynton (1892–1951), English actor
Henry Baynton (died 1616) (c. 1571 – 1616), English politician
Henry Baynton I (fl. 1572–1593), English politician
Jack Baynton (1859–1939), English footballer
Martin Baynton (born 1953), English writer
Mary Baynton (fl. c.1533), impostor who pretended to be Henry VIII's daughter, the future Mary I of England
Mathew Baynton, English actor
Robert Baynton (1900–1924), English cricketer
Thomas Baynton (1761–1820), English medical writer and surgeon

See also: Bayntun, a variant spelling of Baynton


Hughes Ice Piedmont

Hughes Ice Piedmont () is the ice piedmont between Cordini Glacier and Smith Inlet on the east coast of Palmer Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Terence J. Hughes, a United States Antarctic Research Program glaciologist at Deception Island and McMurdo Sound during 1970–71, and at Deception Island, 1973–74.


Nar (album)

Nar is the 2003 debut solo album of the Sahrawi singer and guitarist Nayim Alal.

Track listing


The Association Nationale des Guides de Guinée is the national Guiding organization of Guinea. It serves 640 members (as of 2003). The girls-only organization became full member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts in 2014.


Kune (software)

Kune is a free/open source distributed social network focused on collaboration rather than just on communication. That is, it focuses on online real-time collaborative editing, decentralized social networking and web publishing, while focusing on workgroups rather than just on individuals. It aims to allow for the creation of online spaces for collaborative work where organizations and individuals can build projects online, coordinate common agendas, set up virtual meetings, publish on the web, and join organizations with similar interests. It has a special focus on Free Culture and social movements needs. Kune is a project of the Comunes Collective.

Technical details
Kune is programmed using the Java-based GWT in the client-side, integrating Apache Wave (formerly Google Wave) and using mainly the open protocols XMPP and Wave Federation Protocol. GWT Java sources on the client side generates obfuscated and deeply optimized JavaScript conforming a single page application. Wave extensions (gadgets, bots) run on top of Kune (as in Facebook apps) and can be programmed in Java+GWT, JavaScript or Python.

The current version has been under development since 2007, with a constant, stable growth and an established codebase. Nowadays the code is hosted in the GIT of Gitorious, it has a development site and its main node maintained by the Comunes Collective.

Kune is 100% free software and was built only using free software. Its software is licensed under the Affero GPL license while the art is under a Creative Commons BY-SA.

Philosophy

Kune was born in order to face a growing concern from the community behind it. Nowadays, groups (a group of friends, activists, a NGO, a small start-up) that need to work together typically will use multiple free (like beer) commercial centralized for-profit services (e.g. Google Docs, Google Groups, Facebook, Wordpress.com, Dropbox, Flickr, eBay ...) in order to communicate and collaborate online. However, "If you're not paying for it, you're the product". In order to avoid that, such groups of users may ask a technical expert to build them mailing lists, a webpage and maybe to set up an etherpad. However, technicians are needed for any new list (as they cannot configure e.g. GNU Mailman), configuration change, etc., creating a strong dependency and ultimately a bottle-neck.

Kune aims to cover all those needs of groups to communicate and collaborate, in an usable way and thus without depending on technical experts. It aims to be a free/libre web service (and thus in the cloud), but decentralized as email so a user can choose the server they want and still interoperate transparently with the rest.

Opposite to most distributed social networks, this software focuses on collaboration and building, not only on communication and sharing. Thus, Kune does not aim to ultimately replace Facebook, but also all the above-mentioned commercial services. Kune has a strong focus on the construction of Free Culture and eventually facilitate Commons-based peer production.

History

The origin of Kune relies on the community behind Ourproject.org. Ourproject aimed to provide for Free Culture (social/cultural projects) what Sourceforge and other software forges meant for free software: a collection of communication and collaboration tools that would boost the emergence of community-driven free projects. However, although Ourproject was relatively successful, it was far from the original aims. The analysis of the situation in 2005 concluded that only the groups that had a techie among them (who would manage Mailman or install a CMS) were able to move forward, while the rest would abandon the service. Thus, new free collaborative tools were needed, more usable and suitable for anyone, as the available free tools required a high degree of technical expertise. This is why Kune, whose name means "together" in Esperanto, was developed.

The first prototypes of Kune were developed using Ruby on Rails and Pyjamas (later known as Pyjs). However, with the release of Java and the Google Web Toolkit as free software, the community embraced these technologies since 2007. In 2009, with a stable codebase and about to release a major version of Kune, Google announced the Google Wave project and promised it would be released as free software. Wave was using the same technologies of Kune (Java + GWT, Guice, XMPP protocol) so it would be easy to integrate after its release. Besides, Wave was offering an open federated protocol, easy extensibility (through gadgets), easy control versioning, and very good real-time edition of documents. Thus, the community decided to halt the development of Kune, and wait for its release... in the meanwhile developing gadgets that would be integrated in Kune later on. In this same period, the community established the Comunes Association (with an acknowledged inspiration in Software in the Public Interest) as a non-profit legal umbrella for free software tools for encouraging the Commons and facilitating the work of social movements. The umbrella covered Ourproject, Kune and Move Commons, together with some other minor projects.

In November 2010, the free Apache Wave (previously Wave-in-a-Box) was released, under the umbrella of the Apache Foundation. Since then, the community began integrating its source code within the Kune previous codebase, and with the support of the IEPALA Foundation. Kune released its Beta and moved to production in April 2012.

Since then, Kune has been catalogued as "activism 2.0" and citizen tool, a tool for NGOs, multi-tool for general purpose (and following that, criticized for the risk of falling on the second-system effect) and example of the new paradigm. It was selected as "open website of the week" by the Open University of Catalonia and as one of the #Occupy Tech projects. Nowadays there are plans of another federated social network, Lorea (based on Elgg), to connect with Kune.

Feature list

 All the functionalities of Apache Wave, that is collaborative federated real-time editing, plus
 Communication
 Chat and chatrooms compatible with Gmail and Jabber through XMPP (with several XEP extensions), as it integrates Emite
 Social networking (federated)
 Real-time collaboration for groups in:
 Documents: as in Google Docs
 Wikis
 Lists: as in Google Groups but minimizing emails, through waves
 Group Tasks
 Group Calendar: as in Google Calendar, with ical export
 Group Blogs
 Web-creation: aiming to publish contents directly on the web (as in WordPress, with a dashboard and public view) (in development)
 Bartering: aiming to decentralize bartering as in eBay
 Advanced email
 Waves: aims to replace most uses of email
 Inbox: as in email, all your conversations and documents in all kunes are controlled from your inbox
 Email notifications (Projected: replies from email)
 Multimedia & Gadgets
 Image or Video galleries integrated in any doc
 Maps, mindmaps, Twitter streams, etc.
 Polls, voting, events, etc.
 and more via Apache Wave extensions, easy to program (as in Facebook apps, they run on top of Kune)
 Federation
 Distributed Social Networking the same way as e-mail: from one inbox you control all your activity in all kunes, and you can collaborate with anyone or any group regardless of the kune where they were registered.
 Interoperable with any Kune server or Wave-based system
 Chat interoperable with any XMPP server
 Usability
 Strong focus on usability for any user
 Animated tutorials for each tool
 Drag&Drop for sharing contents, add users to a doc, change roles, delete contents, etc.
 Shortcuts
 Free culture
 Developed using free software and released under AGPL
 Easy assistant for choosing content licenses for groups. Default license is Creative Commons BY-SA.
 Developer-friendly
 Debian/Ubuntu package for easy installation
 Wave Gadgets can be programmed in Java+GWT, JavaScript or Python

Supporters and adopters
Kune has the active support of several organizations and institutions:
 Comunes Association, whose community is behind Kune development. It hosts a Kune server for free projects: https://kune.cc
 IEPALA Foundation, which is supporting the development with economical and technical resources. It hosts a Kune server for non-governmental organizations: "Social Gloobal" (previously EuroSur).
 Grasia Software Agent Research Group of the Complutense University of Madrid has provided technical resources. It seeks to host a Kune server for academic article collaboration.
 Interns from the Master of Free Software from the King Juan Carlos University are participating in the development.
 Trainees from the American University of Science and Technology (Lebanon) participate in the system administration.
 Paulo Freire Institute in Brazil participated in the early design and prototypes.
 The Kune workgroup of the Medialab Prado are participating in the beta-testing.


Sheaffer Okore

Scheaffer Okore is the vice-chairperson of Ukweli Party and former head of programs for civic engagement at Siasa place. She holds a bachelor's degree in International Relations and Diplomacy from the University of Nairobi.

Scheaffer is an activist in Kenya who has been vocal about social justice, human rights, feminism, and gender-based violence.


Vārkava Parish

Vārkava Parish () is an administrative unit of Vārkava Municipality, Latgale,  Latvia.

Towns, villages and settlements of Vārkava Parish
The central village in the parish is Vārkava.  The village, parish, and surrounding municipality are also called Vorkova in the Latgalian language.


Lyncina camelopardalis

Lyncina camelopardalis, common name the camel cowrie, is a species of sea snail, a cowry, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cypraeidae, the cowries.

There is one subspecies : Lyncina camelopardalis sharmiensis Heiman & Mienis, 1999

Distribution
This species is distributed in the Red Sea and in the Indian Ocean along Eritrea, Somalia and Madagascar.


Neohomaloptera

Neohomaloptera johorensis is a species of hillstream loach found in Malaysia and Indonesia. It is the only member of its genus.


Brod (Crna Trava)

Brod is a village in the municipality of Crna Trava, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 122 people.

Gallery


Wallflower (comics)

Wallflower (Laurie Collins) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is a member of the student body of the Xavier Institute and a member of the New Mutants training squad therein. After the events of M-Day transpired, she was one of a handful of mutants to keep her powers. She first appeared in New Mutants, vol. 2 #2 and died in New X-Men, vol. 2 #25.

Fictional character biography
Laurie is a second-generation mutant. Her father, Sean Garrison, from whom she received her power, used his power to manipulate people and get money, fame, and women. Laurie's mother Gail was one of these women. She broke up with him when she became immune to his power because she was pregnant with his child. She raised Laurie alone. Laurie, realizing her mother had been hurt, became a loner. While on vacation, her powers manifested, causing every boy on the beach to become attracted to her and became popular. Her mother realized this, and told Laurie about her powers and that using them on people is wrong. As Laurie had no control over her powers and unwillingly caused people to mirror her own emotions, this knowledge scared her, and she became even more withdrawn than before.

After the Xavier Institute becomes public, Gail sends her there, and moves to Salem Center to stay near her, so that she could have one person whose reactions she could trust.  Although she insists that Laurie live at the school, so that she could make friends, Laurie remains a loner and goes through several roommates in quick succession.

Eventually Sofia Mantega is paired with Laurie and, with her power to blow pheromones away, Laurie no longer has to worry about accidentally manipulating her roommate. Under pressure from Sofia, she also begins developing acquaintances with David Alleyne and Kevin Ford. On a visit to meet Sofia's former butler, they are attacked by the Reavers, and Laurie is stabbed through the heart. She is saved by Josh Foley, who uses his power to heal her.

Laurie develops an immediate crush on Josh, but before she can pursue it, he falls head-over-heels for Rahne Sinclair. Laurie nonetheless remains smitten with Josh, and the sight of him in mortal danger gives her the emotional fortitude to take conscious control of her powers.

After the mansion is destroyed and rebuilt, she is placed on the official New Mutants squad with Josh, Sofia, David, Surge and Kevin and given the codename Wallflower. When Rahne breaks up with Josh, saying that a relationship with him is inappropriate since she is on the faculty, he begins dating Laurie in order to make Rahne jealous.

Eventually Rahne, feeling it would be healthier for Josh to be with Laurie after she sees the two returning from a date, breaks off her relationship with Josh for good. Kevin spies on their conversation and uses the information to break Josh and Laurie up. Laurie is left embittered by the experience, going so far as to use her pheromones to manipulate Prodigy into kissing her at the dance in a successful attempt to make Josh jealous. Sofia realizes what is happening, and the event adds to the fast disintegration of the squad.

Thereafter, Sofia pushes all the New Mutants into a camp out for one night on the Xavier Institute grounds. While the initial attempts by Sofia at forcing a resolution come to disaster, a fist-fight between Josh and David leads Laurie to confess to Josh what had happened at the dance. Later she - along with the other New Mutants - overhear him pouring his heart out to Icarus, leading her to forgive him enough to be friends.

After the events of House of M, where almost the entire mutant population lost their powers, Laurie was one of the few who retained the mutant gene. Panic spread throughout school in the aftermath of the Decimation and, assuming he'd lost his powers too, Kevin reaches out to Laurie, withering away her arm. Shortly after this trauma, Laurie is shot and killed by a sniper working for the Reverend William Stryker. It is later revealed that Stryker had her killed because a vision from the future foretold she would be the one to single-handedly defeat his army.

A long time later, a maniacal scientist uses Laurie's exhumed genetic material (as well as the genetic material of the X-Men's numerous allies and foes) to create Bio-Sentinel weapons housed within cloned bodies.

Powers and abilities
Wallflower can control emotions through the use of emitted pheromones. Initially she could not control when she released them, and could only match the emotion she felt. Before her death, in her time at Xavier's, she learned to control her powers and could keep her pheromones in check, emit them on command, and could induce a variety of emotional and physical responses, including fear, anger, lust, calmness, happiness and sleep. It was debated by staff writers and X-Men within the comic that if she gained full control of her powers she could apply them to crowd control or putting entire armies to sleep.

Other versions

House of M
When the Scarlet Witch changed reality so that mutants were the dominant species, Laurie was a student at the New Mutant Leadership Institute. As Sofia belonged to the Hellions S.H.I.E.L.D training squad, the girls did not have a close friendship, Sofia even stating that she hated Laurie for being a "daddy's girl."

Laurie was closer to her father and estranged with her human mother in this reality, as well as being close friends with Mercury, her roommate. Both she and her father were deep cover agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. and when Quentin Quire read her mind and discovered the truth she used her pheromone powers to make him suicidal and had him kill himself with his own powers.

The New Mutants and Hellions team up to find Surge's father, a wanted terrorist. When the human terrorists reveal the despicable nature of "Project Genesis" to the shocked New Mutants and Hellions, Laurie reveals her true nature and causes the groups to fight one another to the death, claiming that she does not care about the illegal human experimentation, only about finding and bringing in the human terrorists. Mercury, the only one immune to her powers, pleads with Laurie, as a friend, to stop. Laurie refuses, revealing that she always hated Cessily because she could not manipulate her with her pheromones. Given no other choice, Mercury stabs her through the chest, killing her and ending the fight.

In popular culture
 Wallflower is referenced in the MC chris song "Nrrrd Grrrl": "She's more like a wallflower, Like the one that Stryker sniped, I'm like Elixir when I'm with her, 'Cause I think I like her type."


St Xavier's School, Jaipur

St Xavier's Senior Secondary School is a Jesuit secondary school in Jaipur, in Rajasthan in north-western India.

History

The school was established in 1943. Following a visit to St Xavier's School, Patna, Mirza Ismail, the prime minister of Jaipur State, wished to have a similar institution in his home city, Jaipur. As a result, the Jesuits took over management of St. Mary's Boys School, which had been founded two years earlier, in 1941. The school became co-educational in 1989.

Alumni
 Pratap Bhanu Mehta, Vice Chancellor of Ashok University
  Raghubir Singh, photographer
 Lt. Amit Bhardwaj, a Soldier Martyred at Kargil War

Rajiv Mehrishi, Comptroller and Auditor General of India


Clepsis retiferana

Clepsis retiferana is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found on Madeira.


83 Beatrix

Beatrix (minor planet designation: 83 Beatrix) is a fairly large asteroid orbiting in the inner part of the main asteroid belt. It was discovered by Annibale de Gasparis on April 26, 1865. It was his last asteroid discovery. A diameter of at least  was determined from the Beatrician stellar occultation observed on June 15, 1983. It is named for Beatrice Portinari, beloved of Dante Alighieri and immortalized by him in La Vita Nuova and The Divine Comedy.

On February 16, 2001, an occultation of a magnitude +9.09 star by this asteroid was observed from three locations. The resulting chords matched an elliptical profile with a mean radius of 35.9 km. The observers noted some dimming and flickering at the beginning of the event, which may indicate the star was binary or the asteroid has an irregular shape. Previous occultations had been observed in 1983 and 1990, which produced a much larger size estimate of 81.4 km.


Elbasan railway station

Elbasan railway station serves the city of Elbasan, Albania.

The station was opened in 1950. At opening, it was the terminus of an extension from Peqin. It remained the terminus until March 1974, when an extension to Përrenjas was completed.

The line beyond Elbasan, which runs through extremely sparsely populated regions of the country, was closed in 2012 and Elbasan again became a terminus. Plans have existed since the late 2000s to build a new line to Elbasan from the capital Tirana to allow more direct movement between the two cities and replace the circuitous route which currently exists.


On the Universe

On the Universe (; ) is a theological and scientific treatise included in the Corpus Aristotelicum but usually regarded as spurious. Likely published between 350 and 200 BC, the work discusses cosmological, geological, and meteorological subjects, alongside a consideration of the role an independent god plays in maintaining the universe.

Contents

According to Johan C. Thom, De mundo "attempts to provide an explanation of the role of god in preserving and maintaining the cosmos while at the same time upholding the notion of his transcendence and independence." This view is decidedly non-Aristotlean, given that Aristotle believed in an non-transcendent unmoved mover. While the work is mostly in the Peripatetic style established by Aristotle, elements of Platonic, Stoic, and Neopythagorean philosophy permeates it (which Thom argues is indicative of its post-Aristotlean authorship). Alongside its theological considerations, it also discusses cosmological, geological, and meteorological subjects.

Authorship

In the Middle Ages, it was widely believed that De mundo was a genuine product of Aristotle. However, in the 20th century, the Dominic friar philologist André-Jean Festugière argued that the work was not genuinely written by Aristotle, and as such the author is referred to now as Pseudo-Aristotle.

 (Neue Jahrbücher, 1905), traced most of the doctrines to the Greek Stoic philosopher Posidonius.

The date of the work is uncertain; it has been argued that it was composed before 250 BC or between 350 and 200 BC. It is found under the Bekker numbers 391–401. It should not be confused with On the Heavens.

Textual history

After its original publication in Greek, the work was translated to Latin by Apuleius, into Syriac by Sergius of Reshaina and three distinct Arabic versions.


Soak Creek, West Virginia

Soak Creek is an unincorporated community in Raleigh County, West Virginia, United States.

The community takes its name from nearby Soak Creek, which originally was called Soak Ass Creek.


Paul Easterling

Paul Easterling (September 28, 1905 – March 15, 1993) was a major league outfielder for the Detroit Tigers (1928, 1930) and the Philadelphia Athletics (1938). He batted and threw right-handed. Easterling debuted in 1928 with the Detroit Tigers, playing in 43 games and hitting .325 with seven doubles and four home runs. He took a year off and came back with the Tigers in 1930, this time only playing in 29 games and hitting .203 with 14 Runs batted in. Then, Easterling took seven years off before being signed by the Philadelphia Athletics on September 10, 1937. He played in 4 games for them in 1938, getting 2 hits in his only seven at-bats. Easterling was then traded along with Gene Hasson to the St. Louis Cardinals for Dick Siebert. He would never play again in the major leagues.

Easterling died in his birth town of Reidsville, Georgia in 1993 at the age of 87.

External links
 https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/e/eastepa01.shtml


Pisgah State Park

Pisgah State Park is a  woodland located in Cheshire County in New Hampshire. It is the largest state park in New Hampshire and contains a complete watershed north of the Ashuelot River, seven ponds, four highland ridges, numerous wetlands, and a  parcel of old-growth forest.

Geography
The park occupies portions of three towns in southwestern New Hampshire:  are in Winchester, the northern  are in Chesterfield, and the westernmost  are in Hinsdale.  Elevations in the park range from  above sea level along the Ashuelot River at the southwestern corner of the park to  at the summit of Hubbard Hill near the park's northwestern boundary.  The largest water body is the  Pisgah Reservoir/Round Pond, west of the center of the park. The  Kilburn Pond is near the western border.

Recreational use
Pisgah State Park is open year round for hiking. Mountain biking, ATV and snowmobile use is permitted on certain trails. There are six trailheads around the park that provide free access to the public.


The 2019 Sun Belt Conference men's soccer season will be the 18th season of men's varsity soccer in the conference. The season will begin in late August 2019 and conclude in mid-November 2019.

Background

The 2018 regular season began in August 2018 and concluded in November 2018. The regular season champions, Georgia State, also won the 2018 Sun Belt Conference Men's Soccer Tournament and earned the conference's automatic berth into the 2018 NCAA Division I Men's Soccer Tournament. It was Georgia State's first berth into the NCAA Tournament since 2011. There, Georgia State were eliminated in the first round in a penalty shoot-out by Charlotte.

Head coaches

Preseason

Preseason poll
The preseason poll was released on August 13, 2019.

Preseason national polls
The preseason national polls will be released in July and August 2019.

Regular season

Early season tournaments

Early season tournaments will be announced in late Spring and Summer 2019.

Results

All times Eastern time.† denotes Homecoming game

Week 1 (Aug. 25–31)

Week 2 (Sep. 1–7)

Week 3 (Sep. 8–14)

Week 4 (Sep. 15–21)

Week 5 (Sep. 22–28)

Week 6 (Sep. 29–Oct. 5)

Week 7 (Oct. 6–12)

Week 8 (Oct. 13–19)

Week 9 (Oct. 20–26)

Week 10 (Oct. 27–Nov. 2)

Week 11 (Nov. 3–Nov. 9)

Postseason

Sun Belt Tournament

NCAA Tournament

Rankings

National rankings

Regional rankings - USC Southeast Region

Awards and honors

Postseason honors

Home Match Attendance

Bold – Exceed capacity
†Season High

2020 MLS Draft

The 2020 MLS SuperDraft will be held in January 2020.

Homegrown players

The Homegrown Player Rule is a Major League Soccer program that allows MLS teams to sign local players from their own development academies directly to MLS first team rosters. Before the creation of the rule in 2008, every player entering Major League Soccer had to be assigned through one of the existing MLS player allocation processes, such as the MLS SuperDraft.

To place a player on its homegrown player list, making him eligible to sign as a homegrown player, players must have resided in that club's home territory and participated in the club's youth development system for at least one year. Players can play college soccer and still be eligible to sign a homegrown contract.


Kirby Historic District

Kirby Historic District is a national historic district located at Muncie, Delaware County, Indiana. It encompasses 25 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Muncie.  The district developed between about 1839 and 1930, and includes notable examples of Greek Revival and Colonial Revival style architecture.  Notable buildings include the Thomas Kirby House (1839), William F. Spencer House (1909), John Fitzgibbons House (1918), Theopharia A. Hough House (1909), Pearl Hopkins House (1893), and Edward R. Templar House (1905).

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.


Cheetah (band)

Cheetah were an Australian hard rock band active between 1976 and 1984.

The mainstay members and co-lead vocalists were English-born sisters, Chrissie and Lyndsay Hammond. They released a solo album, Rock & Roll Women, in April 1982. The band's single, "Walking in the Rain" (1978), peaked at No. 10 on the Australian Kent Music Report Singles Chart.

Cheetah toured Australia, the United Kingdom and continental Europe including appearances at Roskilde in Denmark, the Nuremberg and Wiesbaden Festivals in Germany and at the 1982 Reading Festival with Iron Maiden to an audience of 120,000 people. From 1982 they were based in the UK.

After disbanding in 1984, Chrissie provided vocals for Rick Wakeman while Lyndsay issued a solo album, The Raven (1997). Cheetah reformed in 2006 to perform in the Countdown Spectacular and a subsequent tour of Europe.

Australian musicologist Ian McFarlane opined that the sisters "were the archetypal 1970s sex bombs with big hair. They had tremendous, booming rock voices and were in constant demand as session vocalists."

History

Cheetah were an Australian pop rock band formed in 1976 in Melbourne by English-born sisters, Chrissie (born ca. 1956) and Lyndsay Hammond (born ca. 1954). The Hammond family had emigrated to Australia in 1958. From 1974 Lyndsay fronted a group, Skintight, for three years and toured backing Renée Geyer before forming Cheetah. The name was chosen as they "wanted a feline image", it was "seen as a bit racy, not right." They "adopted a sensual approach to singing and modelled their clothes on the title of Lyndsay's old band."

Chrissie was a member of a group, Eli Flash, prior to undertaking the role of Mary Magdalene, from May 1975, in the second Australian musical theatre production of Jesus Christ Superstar. There she met Russell Hitchcock and Graham Russell. With Chrissie and Hitchcock on lead vocals and Russell on guitar, they formed a harmony vocal group, Air Supply in Melbourne, while the show was still running. Chrissie left Air Supply in 1976. Both sisters were session vocalists for Australia-based artists including Jo Jo Zep, Jon English, Marc Hunter and Flash and the Pan. They also worked as a vocal duo backing Stevie Wright, Norman Gunston and Daryl Braithwaite.

Cheetah were managed by Brian de Courcy and initially signed with Philips Records, which issued their debut single, "Love Ain't Easy to Come By" in 1977 – without the group's permission. They switched to Albert Music and recorded a cover version of "Walking in the Rain" – originally by The Ronettes – which peaked at No. 10 on the Kent Music Report Singles Chart in October 1978. It was produced by Molly Meldrum (Supernaut, The Ferrets). A music video, by Chris Löfvén (Spectrum, Daddy Cool, Birtles & Goble), was also provided. Their other charting singles include "Deeper Than Love" (June 1979), "Spend the Night" (September 1980) and "Bang Bang" (August 1981).

In mid-1980 Chrissie collapsed in a Melbourne recording studio, due to a "kidney infection", which had cleared up by August. When not recording or performing, Chrissie lived in Melbourne and Lyndsay in Sydney. Cheetah gained popularity in Europe, especially "Germany where the girls had a big hit with 'Deeper Than Love'", which sold 96,000 copies. During 1981, for live performances, in Cheetah the Hammond sisters were backed by Mark Evans on bass guitar (ex-AC/DC), Michael Evans on guitar, Martin Fisher on keyboards and saxophone (Swanee, Little Heroes)), and John Lalor on drums (Stevie Wright Band, Swanee).

Cheetah toured across Australia, the UK and Europe including appearances at Roskilde in Denmark, the Nuremberg and Wiesbaden Festivals in Germany and a show at the 1982 Reading Festival, which was headlined by Iron Maiden, to an audience of 120,000 people. In April 1982 they issued their debut album, Rock & Roll Women, which was produced by Vanda & Young (AC/DC, John Paul Young, Flash and the Pan). Chrissie recalled working with Vanda & Young: "They were tough rockers but decent guys. They saw us as strong women, rather than being the tits, the teeth and the glam, they produced us as rockers, which was very innate. Our lyrics, our stage performance was very much in the male vernacular."

For the album they used session musicians: Ray Arnott on drums (ex-Cam-Pact, Spectrum, the Dingoes), Leszek Karski on bass guitar (Supercharge), Ian Miller on lead guitar (Chetarca, John Paul Young and the All Stars), Ronnie Peel on rhythm guitar (the Missing Links, Rockwell T. James and the Rhythm Aces, the La De Das, John Paul Young) and Mike Peters on keyboards. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, felt Cheetah had "turned their attentions to AC/DC-styled hard rock with some success."

In mid-1982 Cheetah relocated to the UK. They used various local musicians: Dave Dowell, Martin Dzal, Tom Evans, Ant Glyn, Rod Roche, Eddie Sparrow and Chris West. The group broke up in 1984. McFarlane opined that the sisters "were the archetypal 1970s sex bombs with big hair. They had tremendous, booming rock voices and were in constant demand as session vocalists." After disbanding Chrissie provided vocals for Rick Wakeman (from 1990 to 1998), while Lyndsay issued a solo album, The Raven (1997).

Cheetah reformed in 2006 to perform in the Countdown Spectacular and a subsequent tour of Europe. In 2007 Lyndsay co-wrote "Higher Than Heaven" with James Blundell, which the latter issued as his country music single. At the APRA Music Awards of 2008, Lyndsay and Blundell were nominated for Country Work of the Year.

Discography

Albums

Rock & Roll Women (April 1982) Albert/EMI (EPC 85522)
 "Bang Bang"
 "Suffering Love"
 "Spend the Night"
 "Rock 'n' Roll Women"
 "Scars of Love"
 "My Man"
 "N.I.T.E."
 "Come and Get It"
 "Let the Love Begin"
 "I'm Yours"

Singles

 "Love Ain't Easy to Come By" / "Shake It to the Right" (1977) Philips
 "Walking in the Rain" (1978) AUS No. 10
 "Deeper Than Love" (June 1979) AUS No. 89
 "Spend the Night" (September 1980) AUS No. 31
 "Love You to the Limit" (1981)
 "Bang Bang" (August 1981) AUS No. 80
 "My Man" / “Come and Get It” (1982) Albert


All Day Long (album)

All Day Long is a jazz album by guitarist Kenny Burrell released in 1957 under Prestige label, although it is nominally credited to the "Prestige All-Stars". This was one of the first albums in which Burrell was presented as a leader. It's characterized by up tempo pieces, all of which were composed by the members of the band.

Side A of the LP only included the blues "All Day Long" described by Dan Morgenstern as "A simple but effective structure" that "controls the performance and keeps it solidly together: each soloist enters with a break, plays 12 bars, and then breaks again before extemporizing at great length".
Ira Gitler in the original liner notes points out that theme "A.T" is dedicated by Frank Foster to Art Taylor (hence the initials); "Say Listen" "derives its name from the attention calling phrase that [Byrd] often verbally employed".

Album design
The cover shows Verrazano-Narrows Bridge of New York in the daytime and by night.

Track listing

(*)Note:
Track 5 was not part of original vinyl and was initially issued on the LP compilation ¨The Best of Kenny Burrell¨ (Prestige 1966). This is an additional track included in the CD version of 1990, digitally remastered by the engineer Phil De Lancie at Fantasy Studios in Berkeley (California).

Personnel
Kenny Burrell - guitar
Donald Byrd – trumpet
Frank Foster – tenor sax
Tommy Flanagan – piano
Doug Watkins – bass
Arthur Taylor – drums


Operation Union II

Operation Union II was a search and destroy mission in the Quế Sơn Valley carried out by the 5th Marine Regiment. Launched on May 26, 1967 the operation ended June 5. U.S. reported the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) lost 594 killed and 23 captured, while U.S. casualties were 110 killed and 241 wounded.

Background
The Que Son Valley is located along the border of Quang Nam and Quang Tin provinces. During the Vietnam War it lay in the southern part of South Vietnam's I Corps. Populous and rice-rich, the valley was viewed as one of the keys to controlling South Vietnam's five northern provinces by the North Vietnamese and by early 1967 at least two regiments of the PAVN 2nd Division had been infiltrated into the area. The Quế Sơn Valley was also recognized as strategically important by the U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV). The 1st Battalion, 5th Marines and 3rd Battalion, 5th Marines, experienced units that had fought in Vietnam since their arrival in the summer of 1966, were assigned to the valley in 1967 to support the outnumbered the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) forces in the area.

During Operation Union from 21 April to 16 May, the 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines had fought the PAVN 21st Regiment near the Marine outpost on Loc Son Mountain for control of the southern part of the Quế Sơn Valley. Operation Union II was launched on May 26 to destroy the withdrawing remnants of the PAVN with a helicopter assault by the 5th Marine Regiment, commanded by Colonel Kenneth J. Houghton. The assault was coordinated with ground attacks by the ARVN 6th Regiment, 2nd Division and the 1st Ranger Group.

Background
The plan called for 1/5 Marines, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Hilgartner, to establish blocking positions in the western portion of the valley while the 3/5 Marines, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Esslinger, was to make a heliborne assault into the southern part of the valley and sweep northeast. Meanwhile, the three battalions of the ARVN Ranger Group would attack southwest from Thang Binh, while two units of the 6th Regiment attacked northwest from a position near Tam Kỳ. The ARVN named their participation Operation Lien Ket 106.

Operation
The operation began the morning of 26 May with the 1/5 Marines and ARVN troop movements proceeding as planned. 3/5 Marines, composed of three infantry companies, one weapons company and a command group, was carried by helicopters to Landing Zone Eagle, an area 5km east of the Loc Son outpost. The first two waves to arrive at the landing zone (LZ) experienced only light small arms fire, but as the bulk of the battalion landed the LZ was subjected to heavy weapon and mortar fire. An attack by Companies L and M launched to relieve the pressure on the LZ found a well-entrenched PAVN force, identified as being elements of the PAVN 3rd Regiment, northeast of the LZ.

Supported by artillery and air strikes, Company I enveloped the PAVN's flank, and the Marines soon gained the upper hand. By late afternoon the Marines had overrun the last PAVN positions, counting PAVN 118 dead for Marine losses of 38 killed and 82 wounded. The Marine and ARVN forces swept the area for the next three days but contacts declined as the PAVN withdrew from the area. Concluding that the enemy had been routed, the ARVN ended their part of the operation.

Colonel Houghton however was not convinced and responding to intelligence reports, he directed the 5th Marines to continue sweeping the region. On the morning of 2 June the Regiment was sweeping toward the Vinh Huy Village complex. 3rd Battalion, 1st Marines encountered 200 PAVN troops entrenched 1 km east of the scene of the 26 May battle, engaging and overrunning the PAVN by 1:30 that afternoon. Meanwhile, the 1/5 Marines, pushing forward to relieve pressure on the 3/5 Marines, was ambushed by PAVN troops while crossing a 1,000-meter-wide rice paddy. Caught in a crossfire the Marines were pinned down and consolidated their positions while calling artillery and air strikes on enemy positions. During heavy fighting Company F, commanded by Captain James A. Graham, was decimated. Captain Graham was awarded a posthumous Medal of Honor for defending to the last his company’s dead and wounded.

At 14:00 Colonel Houghton called for the commitment of the 1st Marine Division's Reserve "Bald Eagle Reactionary Force", a battalion sized reactionary force unit made up of Company E, 2nd Battalion, 5th Marines; Company D, 1st Battalion, 7th Marines; and Company E, 2nd Battalion, 7th Marines and commanded by Lt. Col. Mallett C. Jackson Jr., the Battalion Commander of 2/5 Marines. At 19:00, in total darkness, Companies E, 2/5 Marines and D, 1/7 Marines were inserted by helicopter northeast of the fortified enemy positions and quickly moved south to engage the PAVN's left flank positions in order to relieve battle pressure on the 5th Marine, that were now pinned down by a large entrenched PAVN force The 2 companies quickly moved forward but were soon hit with heavy automatic weapons fire and heavy barrages of large 82 mm high explosive mortar rounds. Company D,  1/7 Marines had taken many casualties and they radioed requests for Medevac choppers, but all requests were denied because of the extreme darkness. However a CH-53 helicopter that had just dropped off the Company E, 2/7 Marines at the original landing zone heard the desperate call and was guided in to the landing zone directly in the middle of the battlefield. When the helicopter returned to Da Nang Air Base, it was noted that it had received a total of 57 holes in its sides from the exploding mortar rounds and automatic weapons fire during the battlefield landing. The sudden presence of the strong Division Reactionary Force on its northern flank caused the PAVN units to disengage and make a hasty withdrawal to the southwest, but the move proved costly to them. Once the PAVN soldiers left the protection of their fortifications, they were easy targets for the Marines supporting arms fire.

The unwelcome discovery of a strong enemy force on its northern flank prompted the PAVN forces to attempt a hasty withdrawal during the night, exposing themselves to Marine supporting arms fire. Meanwhile, the 5th Marines regrouped and evacuated casualties. The Marines themselves suffered 71 killed and 139 wounded in the battle.  The following morning, when the battalions swept the battle area, 476 PAVN dead were counted in and around the contested rice paddy and its formidable hedgerow complex. 31 weapons were captured.

Aftermath
The action of June 2–3 marked the last significant battle of Operation Union II. The Marines claimed PAVN casualties were 701 killed and 23 captured, a favorable ratio to 110 Marines killed and 241 wounded. For actions in both Union I and Union II the 5th Marines and all units under its operational control, including the division reactionary force companies of Company D, 1/7 Marines and Company E, 2/7 Marines received the Presidential Unit Citation for its actions during Operation Union II awarded by President Lyndon Johnson.

For three months, the PAVN 2nd Division was no longer an effective fighting force.


Dave Benning

Dave Benning (born 3 November 1969) is an English-born Canadian former player, head coach, and Canadian Soccer Association Technical Programs Manager.

Benning worked in the Canadian Professional Soccer League with Vaughan Shooters as a player and manager from 1998 to 2003. He was active as a player in 1998 in the club's inaugural season in the CPSL. In their debut season he helped secure a postseason berth by finishing third in the overall standings. He featured in the playoffs against St. Catharines Wolves, but were eliminated by a score of 5-2 on goals on aggregate.  The following season, he was appointed assistant coach of the Glen Shields soccer club in the club's first season in 1998. In 1999, he succeeded coach Ron Harrison and continued as head coach until he retired in 2003.  On 28 November 2003 he was appointed by the Canadian Soccer Association as the Technical Programs Manager.


The Voice (Bible translation)

The Voice is an English translation of the Bible developed by Thomas Nelson (a subsidiary of News Corp) and the Ecclesia Bible Society. The Voice is a modern language, dynamic equivalent translation.  The New Testament was released in November 2011, and the full Bible was released in April 2012.

Translation team
The team developing The Voice numbered more than 120 scholars, authors and artists.  The team included Greek and Hebrew scholars, Biblical scholars, poets, authors,  musicians and pastors. An interesting feature of this translation was that the team made the unusual decision to render the Hebrew Tetragrammaton as The Eternal rather than a common title such as The LORD or a transliteration such as Yahweh or Jehovah (though such a translation rendering is not unique to The Voice; there are other Bible translations such as the Moffatt, New Translation of 1922 that have rendered the Tetragrammaton in this manner). Another distinction is rendering a title such as The Word (e.g., John, Chapter 1) as The Voice rather than as The Word which is used in most Bible translations or the less than common expression Logos as used in such translations as the Emphatic Diaglott (a Greek-English Interlinear, first published in 1864 by Benjamin Wilson) and the Moffatt, New Translation of 1922, or the use of the Anointed One (e.g. Matthew 1:1) instead of Christ.

Criticism

The Voice has been harshly received by some fundamentalist critics. For instance, Baptist pastor Randy White writes: "The Voice reads like a New Age book. The familiar 'I am the way, the truth, and the life' of John 14:6 is rendered, 'I am the path, the truth, and the energy of life.' This and hundreds of other verses simply ooze with New Age terminology."


Calicium salicinum

Calicium salicinum is a crustose lichen that is found growing on trees in the South West region of Western Australia.