Nicola Giusfredi

Nicola Giusfredi is a Livornese painter, who began his career as a self-taught artist and later studied under Maestro Ferruccio Mataresi.

Career
In 2008, Giusfredi participated with Domenico Asmone, Lilly Brogi, Franco Cappelli and Ladislao Nocentini in an exhibition at the Palazzo Panciatichi, Regional Council of Tuscany, organized by La Pergola Arte in Florence. In 2009, he was one of the artists in the exhibition at Palazzo Medici Riccardi of Florence.

During his career he received awards: in 1989, Giusfredi ranked third in the "Costa degli Etruschi" ("Etruscan Coast" art competition). He won first prize at "small size" at La Pergola Arte in 2007 and second prize in 2011, Cat Arte prize finalist of Padova (Padua) in 2011, and a special award in the artistic contest of Aci Mugello.
From 2010 to 2016, Giusfredi attended The Marguttiana of Forte dei Marmi in he was part of 2016 to the fifty-second edition.

Giusfredi has created many posters for the performances of Teatro Goldoni in Livorno and the covers of books by Italian authors and many important group exhibitions, such as 2014 Arteè at Caffè Giubbe Rosse, Florence.

In 2016, Giusfredi was in the group exhibition Arteè with numerous other painters for the Consiglio regionale della Toscana (Regional Council of Tuscany) in the Palazzo Bastogi, with presentation by Carmelina Rotundo and Peter Michael, and the presence at the inauguration of council president, Eugenio Giani.

Painting

 Exhibition "Visioni" (1989) and "Oggetti" (2004), sala T. Signorini, Portoferraio
 Exhibition Galleria La Loggia, Marciana Marina, 1990
 Exhibition 1992 Collettiva Studio d'arte, Capoliveri, 1992
 Exhibition "Sensi" Galleria d'arte Perseo, Florence, 1998
 Exhibition  "Metamorfosi" Sala Giulio Gasparri, Castello di Populonia, 1999
 Exhibition Collettiva Sala San Ranieri San Vincenzo, Livorno, 2000
 Exhibition "Mito", Galleria Comunale Piombino, 2001
 Exhibition Prize Celeste San Gimignano, 2005, 2006
 Exhibition Prize Gardeschi, Arezzo, 2005
 Exhibition Rassegna Torino, Monte Carlo, Monaco, 2006
 Exhibition Biennale d'Arte di Pistoia, 2007
 Exhibition Auction dei Grandi Maestri Galleria M'Arte di Pistoia, 2008
 Exhibition Palazzo Panciatici, Regional Council of Tuscany, Florence, 2008
 Exhibition "Sic et Simpliciter", La Pergola Arte, Florence, 2009
 Exhibition Galleria "Via Larga", Palazzo Medici Ricciardi, Florence, 2009
 Exhibition La Marguttiana, Forte dei Marmi, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014
 Exhibition Associazione Arcadia – Granai Fortezza Orsini, Pitigliano, 2009
 Exhibition Punti di Vista, Centro Michon, Livorno, 2009
 Exhibition Fine Art, Fortezza Medicea, Siena, 2010
 Exhibition Arte Fiera, Padua, 2011
 Exhibition Carrozzeria Artigiana Il Vespaio, 2012
 Exhibition inauguration cultural local  "Il Rivellino di San Marco", Livorno, 2014
 Exhibition Arteè at the Caffè Le Giubbe Rosse, Florence, 2014
 Exhibition XII Arte Fiera, Genova, 2016

Works in public spaces and other projects
 2008 – Gallery of the Regional Council of Tuscany
 2008 – Pinacoteca (gallery) Auser Firenze
 2012 – provided cover image for Edizioni Erasmo's Mettiti il giacchetto
 2012 – poster for the theatrical show Agape by the company Mayor Von Frinzius, produced by the Goldoni Foundation
 2013 – poster for the show Cima Coppi by the company Mayor Von Frinzius
 2013 – cover for Edizioni Erasmo's book, La sfida educativa
 2014 – poster for the show Tutti Esauriti by the company Mayor Von Frinzius
 2016 – poster for the Pisa auto rally
 2016 – poster for the show Resistenti by Teatro Goldoni

Awards and honors
third prize at the competition "Costa degli Etruchi" (Etruscan Coast), 1989
first prize, "small size", La Pergola Arte Florence, 2007
second prize, "small size", La Pergola Arte Florence, 2011
finalist prize, Cat Arte, Padua, 2011
special prize, art contest Aci Mugello

Biography reading


Hiscock

Hiscock is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

 Dave Hiscock (born 1953), New Zealand motorcycle racer
 Eileen Hiscock (1909–1958), British athlete
 Eric Hiscock (1908–1986), British sailor and author
 Frank Hiscock (1834–1914), American politician
 Frank H. Hiscock (1856–1946), American lawyer and judge
 Neville Hiscock (1951–1983), New Zealand motorcycle racer
 Thomas Hiscock (1812–1855), English blacksmith and prospector


Ectothiorhodospiraceae

The Ectothiorhodospiraceae are a family of purple sulfur bacteria, distinguished by producing sulfur globules outside of their cells. The cells are rod-shaped, vibrioid, or spirilla, and they are able to move using flagella. In general, they are marine and prefer anaerobic conditions. Like all purple sulfur bacteria, they are capable of photosynthesis.


Kilgore Trout

Kilgore Trout is a fictional character created by author Kurt Vonnegut. In Vonnegut's work, Trout is a notably unsuccessful author of paperback science fiction novels.

"Trout" was inspired by the name of the author Theodore Sturgeon (Vonnegut's colleague in the genre of science fiction—Vonnegut was amused by the notion of a person with the name of a fish, Sturgeon, hence Trout), although Trout's consistent presence in Vonnegut's works has also led critics to view him as the author's own alter ego.

In an homage to Vonnegut, Kilgore Trout is also the titular author of the novel Venus on the Half-Shell (1975), written pseudonymously by Philip José Farmer.

Origins of the character
In 1957, Theodore Sturgeon moved to Truro, Massachusetts, where he befriended Vonnegut, then working as a salesman in a Saab dealership. At the time, both were writing in the genre of science fiction; Vonnegut had already published Player Piano, retitled Utopia 14 in paperback, while Sturgeon's then more-successful career (mainly as a short story writer) stretched back to 1938.  In fact, at the time of their initial meeting, Sturgeon was the most anthologized English-language science fiction author alive.

Sturgeon would continue writing, but his pace dipped noticeably after the end of the 1950s, and he published no original novels after 1961.  By the time of Kilgore Trout's first appearance (in 1965's God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater), both Vonnegut and Sturgeon had moved to different cities, and Vonnegut had begun to be perceived as a mainstream author.

The "Kilgore Trout" name was a transparent reference to the older writer (substituting "Kilgore" for "Theodore" and "Trout" for "Sturgeon"), but since the characterization was less than flattering (both Sturgeon and Trout were financially unsuccessful and seemingly slipping into obscurity), Vonnegut did not publicly state the connection, nor did Sturgeon encourage the comparison. It was not until after Sturgeon's death in 1985 that Vonnegut explicitly acknowledged the matter, stating in a 1987 interview that "Yeah, it said so in his obituary in the New York Times. I was delighted that it said in the middle of it that he was the inspiration for the Kurt Vonnegut character of Kilgore Trout."

The impetus to create Kilgore Trout as a character, Vonnegut suggested in a 1979 NYPR interview, was the convenience it offered to turn science-fiction plots into humorous parables. "Kilgore Trout was more or less invented by a friend of mine, Knox Burger, who was my editor in the early days. He did not suggest that I do this, but he said, 'You know, the problem with science-fiction? It’s much more fun to hear someone tell the story of the book than to read the story itself.' And it’s true: If you paraphrase a science-fiction story, it comes out as a very elegant joke, and it’s over in a minute or so. It’s a tedious business to read all the surrounding material. So I started summarising [them], and I suppose I’ve now summarised 50 novels I will never have to write, and spared people the reading of them."

Appearances in Vonnegut books

Trout appears in several of Vonnegut's books, but the character is deliberately inconsistent as Vonnegut habitually changes major details about his life and circumstances with each appearance. Trout is consistently presented as a prolific but unappreciated science-fiction writer; other details, including his general appearance, demeanor and his dates of birth and death, vary widely from novel to novel.  (Perhaps the most extreme instance of this occurs in Jailbird, wherein "Kilgore Trout" is merely a pseudonym of Dr. Robert Fender, a novelist and prison inmate.)  Vonnegut makes no attempt to reconcile these sometimes extreme differences, and his novels do not form an internally consistent world.

Trout performs a variety of roles in Vonnegut's works: he acts as a catalyst for the main characters in Breakfast of Champions, God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater, and Slaughterhouse-Five, while in others, such as Jailbird and Timequake, Trout is an active character who is vital to the story. Trout is also described differently in several books; in Breakfast of Champions, he has, by the end, become something of a father figure, while in other novels, he seems to be something like Vonnegut in the early part of his career. In Hocus Pocus, Trout is not mentioned by name, but the protagonist is deeply affected while reading a Trout-like science fiction story.  In early novels, Kilgore Trout lives in Ilium, New York, a fictional town whose name is based on Troy, New York (Illium was the Roman name for ancient Troy and Vonnegut lived and worked in nearby Schenectady for some time). In later novels, Trout inhabits a basement apartment in Cohoes, an ailing mill community. While living in Cohoes, Trout works as an installer of "aluminum combination storm windows and screens." The ghost of Trout's son Leon Trotsky Trout is the narrator of the novel Galápagos.

Trout, who has supposedly written over 117 novels and over 2000 short stories, is usually described as an unappreciated science fiction writer whose works are used only as filler material in pornographic magazines. However, he does have at least three fans: Eliot Rosewater and Billy Pilgrim—both Vonnegut characters—have a near-complete collection of Trout's work or have read most of his work; in Galápagos, Leon Trotsky Trout goes on leave in Thailand and meets an unnamed Swedish doctor who is a fan of Kilgore Trout. This doctor helps Leon desert the US Marine Corps and defect to Sweden, where he receives political asylum as a conscientious objector to the Vietnam War.

Vonnegut revised Trout's biography on several occasions. In Breakfast of Champions, he is born in 1907 and dies in 1981. In Timequake, he lives from 1917 to 2001. Both death dates are set in the future as of the time the novels were written. More recently, in an article for In These Times Vonnegut "reports" that Kilgore Trout commits suicide by drinking Drāno. Trout "dies" at midnight on October 15, 2004, in Cohoes following his consultation with a psychic, who informs him that George W. Bush would once again win the U. S. Presidential election by a vote of 5-to-4 in the Supreme Court. The epitaph on his tombstone reads, "Life is no way to treat an animal."

In Breakfast of Champions, Kilgore Trout has part of his right ring finger bitten off by the book's other main character, Dwayne Hoover, when Kilgore attends an arts festival in the Midwest. Trout also has an encounter with his creator, Mr. Vonnegut, in the final chapter.  Vonnegut tells him that he is setting him free, in much the same way that Leo Tolstoy freed his serfs, and that the rest of his life will be much happier: his work will be republished by reputable publishers, and his ideas will become very influential, leading to him winning the Nobel Prize for medicine.  However, Vonnegut cannot grant Trout's request to "make me young."

In Jailbird (1979), Kilgore Trout is revealed to be the only lifer in the Federal Minimum Security Adult Correctional Facility near Finletter Air Force Base, Georgia. Jailbird, narrated by the fictional character Walter F. Starbuck, shows Kilgore Trout to be the only American convicted of treason during the Korean War. Kilgore Trout is the pseudonym of (the equally fictional) Dr. Robert Fender, whose doctorate is in veterinary science. While in prison, Fender also writes many science fiction novels under another pseudonym, Frank X. Barlow, and works as the chief clerk in the supply room of the prison.

Galápagos is narrated by Leon Trotsky Trout (1946–1986), the son and only child of Kilgore Trout. Leon ran away at the age of 16, ashamed of his father, and never had any contact with him thereafter, until his death, when Kilgore appeared at the door of the "blue tunnel" that leads to the Afterlife. Kilgore appears at the door to the tunnel, urging his son to enter and proceed to the Afterlife. Three times Leon refuses, on the grounds that he wants to see more of human life in the hope of understanding it. During Kilgore's fourth appearance at the entrance to the blue tunnel, he threatens his son: if Leon doesn't leave the Earth immediately, the blue tunnel won't appear again for one million years. Since Kilgore has never lied to Leon, Leon knows this will come true. He is momentarily distracted by events on Earth, and the tunnel disappears. Galápagos contains several flashback scenes that explain the breakup between Kilgore and his wife. Leon states that he became a US Marine because his father was one. Trout's appearance in Galápagos is somewhat problematic for Vonnegut's continuity because the novel explicitly states that Kilgore dies before 1986, when the events of the novel take place. Yet Timequake finds him alive more than ten years later. In Galápagos, Leon uses his omniscient status as a ghost to confirm that he never fathered a child, so that Kilgore never had any descendants.

In Timequake Kilgore's creed is "You were sick, but now you are well again. And there's work to be done." The novel also features Trout's last and presumably only poem:

 When the tupelo
 Goes poop-a-lo
 I'll come back to youp-a-lo

It is stated in Timequake that Trout's father killed his mother when Trout was 12. This influences Trout later in life, when he is shown to say the phrase "ting-a-ling" whenever greeted or asked any questions.

Trout accidentally becomes a great hero, rescuing many lives after the timequake, and finally receives a measure of acclaim: he spends his last days in a literary colony, honored for his heroism and some of his discarded works, which were preserved by a security guard.

In A Man Without a Country, Vonnegut receives a brief phone call on January 20, 2004, from Kilgore Trout in which they discuss George W. Bush's State of the Union Address and the imminent death of the Earth due to human carelessness.

In God Bless You, Dr. Kevorkian, Vonnegut's final interview is with Trout.

In other works

At least one actual published work is attributed to Kilgore Trout: the novel Venus on the Half-Shell, written by Philip José Farmer but published under the name "Kilgore Trout." For some time it was assumed that Vonnegut must have written it; when the truth of its authorship came out, Vonnegut was reported as being "not amused"; in an issue of the semi-pro zine Science Fiction Review, published by Richard E. Geis, Geis claimed to have received an angry, obscenity-laden telephone call from Vonnegut about what Farmer had said about the book in Geis's zine.

Trout is referred to in Salman Rushdie's magical realism novel The Ground Beneath Her Feet-- "Books by famous American writers... science fiction by Kilgore Trout,..."

Trout was portrayed by Albert Finney in the 1999 film version of Breakfast of Champions, directed by Alan Rudolph.

In the novel Fallen Angels by Larry Niven, Jerry Pournelle and Michael Flynn, the folksinging fan Jenny Trout (a character based on real-life folksinger Leslie Fish) is said to be the daughter of Kilgore Trout.

In The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: Black Dossier, Trout is referenced in passing as having written stories for a gentleman's magazine called Stagman, an obvious sendup of Playboy.

In The World of Kurt Vonnegut: The Bell Curse, by Kevin G. Summers, Trout appears for the first time in a licensed work.

In the Capcom video game Breath of Fire II for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System, two rival aristocrats are named Kilgore and Trout.

Works by Kilgore Trout

Novels
Barring-gaffner of Bagnialto or This Year's Masterpiece (novel mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
The Big Board (novel mentioned in Slaughterhouse-Five)
The Era of Hopeful Monsters (novel mentioned in Galápagos)
First District Court of Thankyou (novel mentioned in Jailbird and God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater)
The Gospel from Outer Space (novel mentioned in Slaughterhouse-Five)
The Gutless Wonder (novel mentioned in Slaughterhouse-Five)
How You Doin'? (novel mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
Maniacs in the Fourth Dimension (novel mentioned in Slaughterhouse-Five)
The Money Tree (novel mentioned in Slaughterhouse-Five)
Now It Can Be Told (novel mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
Oh Say Can You Smell? (novel mentioned in God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater)
The Pan-Galactic Memory Bank (novel mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
The Pan-Galactic Straw Boss a.k.a. Mouth Crazy (novel mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
The Pan-Galactic Three-Day Pass (novel mentioned in God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater)
Plague on Wheels (novel mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
The Smart Bunny (novel mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
The Son of Jimmy Valentine (novel mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
2BR02B (novel mentioned in God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater)
Venus on the Half-Shell (novel first mentioned in God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater)

Short stories
Albert Hardy (short story mentioned in Timequake)
An American Family Marooned on the Planet Pluto (short story mentioned in Timequake)
Asleep at the Switch (short story mentioned in Jailbird)
Bunker Bingo Party (short story mentioned in Timequake)
The Dancing Fool (short story mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
Dog's Breakfast (short story mentioned in Timequake)
Dr. Schadenfreude (short story mentioned in Timequake)
Empire State (short story mentioned in Timequake)
Gilgongo! (short story mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
Golden Wedding (short story mentioned in Timequake)
Hail to the Chief (short story mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)
No Laughing Matter (short story mentioned in Timequake)
The Planet Gobblers (short story mentioned in Palm Sunday)
The Protocols of the Elders of Tralfamadore (short story mentioned in Hocus Pocus – no author attributed, but bears many elements characteristic of Trout's work. Tralfamadore is mentioned by Eliot Rosewater in God Bless You, Mr. Rosewater. Tralfamadore is also a main element of the plots of The Sirens of Titan and Slaughterhouse-Five)
The Sisters B-36 (short story mentioned in Timequake)
This Means You (short story mentioned in Breakfast of Champions)

Memoir
My Ten Years On Automatic Pilot (nonfiction book mentioned in Timequake)

Play
The Wrinkled Old Family Retainer (play mentioned in Timequake)


Sylvester Judd

Sylvester Judd (July 23, 1813 – January 26, 1853) was a Unitarian minister and an American novelist.

Biography
Sylvester Judd III was born on July 23, 1813, in Westhampton, Massachusetts to Sylvester Judd II and Apphia Hall, a daughter of Aaron Hall of Norwich, a veteran of the Revolutionary War, one-year attendee at Harvard and later modest Justice of the Peace. His great-grandfather was Rev. Jonathan Judd (1719-1803), clergyman of Southampton, while his grandfather ran the family store.  His father, after working in the store in his boyhood, went to Boston for several years, where, according to Judd's sister's biography, he became a voracious reader, returning to the family business, but then becoming editor of The Hampshire Gazette.  Sylvester Judd III studied at Hopkins Academy in Hadley, Massachusetts, where he was president of the Literary Society and delivered the valedictorian address.  He graduated from Yale College in 1836, and from Harvard Divinity School in 1840. His dissertation was entitled The Uses of Intellectual Philosophy to the Preacher.  While a student, on April 4, 1838, Judd traveled to Concord, Massachusetts to meet Ralph Waldo Emerson after reading his essay "Epic Poetry". Emerson was pleased by Judd's interest in seeking a mystical identification with Christ. Judd may have been in the audience on August 31, 1837, and heard Emerson's commencement speech to the Phi Beta Kappa Society known as "The American Scholar".

Judd was ordained a Unitarian minister on October 1, 1840, becoming pastor of a church in Augusta, Maine. He was a member of the Maine Peace Society which was anti-war and sought justice through a World Court.  Early in 1841, Judd met Jane Elizabeth Williams, the daughter of United States Senator Reuel Williams. The couple married on August 31, 1841; they had three daughters:  Jane Elizabeth (September 26, 1844), Frances Hall (June 28, 1847), and Apphia Williams (March 16, 1853).  Judd's third daughter was born two months after his death.  His second daughter, Frances, married the Unitarian minister Seth Curtis Beach on November 17, 1869. Their son, Reuel W. Beach (Harvard graduate, married Ruth Walcott Stetson in 1909), and grandson, Curtis Beach, were both Unitarian ministers. Frances and Seth Beach's second son, Dr. Sylvester Judd Beach, lived from 1879-1953, residing in Portland, ME. Dr. Beach served as President of the Wayflete School in Portland, bringing progressive education to the school. Sylvester Judd's sister, Apphia Putnam Judd (born Oct 27, 1820 in Westhampton; died 1901 in Augusta), married his wife's brother, Joseph Hartwell Williams (1814-1896), who was the 27th governor of Maine (1857-1858).

Influences
According to Philip Brockway, Judd's early influences were Calvinist puritanism.  After a spiritual conversion to Unitarianism as a young man, his readings took on wide spheres, particularly while at Yale College and then Harvard Divinity School.  His readings included the poetry of Jones Very, the writings of Thomas Carlyle, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Robert Owen,  Goethe's Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, Goethe's Conversations with a Child by Bettina von Arnim, and the writings of William Ellery Channing, the Unitarian theologian, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.

Brockway cites Emerson's journal entry from 1852, the year before Judd's death at 40:  "I saw Judd in Augusta [Maine], in February, and asked him who his companions were.  He said, 'Sunsets.' I told him I thought they needed men. He said, 'I'm a priest and converse with the sick and dying.'"

Criticism
American critic and poet James Russell Lowell called Judd's novel Margaret "the most emphatically American book ever written". He mentioned the novel in his long satire A Fable for Critics (1848) as "the first Yankee book / With the soul of Down East in 't, and things farther East". In a 39-page review, however, critic William Bourne Oliver Peabody called the work unfinished and its characters and style inconsistent. After publishing his novel Philo, Judd sent a copy to Edward Everett Hale, who responded, "I think Philo glorious."

The critic and poet Richard J. Powers finds the child characterization of Margaret in the novel the prototype for Nathaniel Hawthorne's character of Pearl, Hester Prynne's daughter, in the 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter.

Works
1836: "The Outlaw and His Daughter." Yale Literary Magazine. 1 (June 1836). 155-61.
1836: "What is Truth?" Yale Literary Magazine. 1 (June 1836). 129-31.
1838: "A Young Man's Account of his Conversion from Calvinism"
1842: "A Moral Review of the Revolutionary War, or Some of the Evils of the Event Considered:  A Discourse Delivered at the Unitarian Church, Augusta, Sabbath Evening, March 13th, 1842; with an Introductory Address, and Notes." [third of Sunday evening lectures]Hallowell, MA:  Glazier, Masters and Smith.
1845: "A Discourse Touching the Causes and Remedies of Intemperance."  Sermon preached 2 February 1845.  Augusta, ME:  William T. Johnson, 1845.
1845: Margaret: A Tale of the Real and the Ideal, Blight and Bloom; Including Sketches of a Place Not Before Described, Called Mons Christi(revised 1851).  Boston:  Jordan and Wiley, 1845.
1850: Philo: An Evangeliad. Boston:  Philips, Sampson, and Company, 1850.
1850: Richard Edney and the Governor's Family: A Rus-Urban Tale Simple and Popular, Yet Cultured and Noble of Morals, Sentiments, and Life Practically Treated and Pleasantly Illustrated, Containing Also Hints on Being Good and Doing Good. Boston:  Philips, Sampson, 1850.
1850: "The True Dignity of Politics:  A Sermon." Augusta, ME:  William T. Johnson, 1850.
1850: "Heroism" (oration delivered 4 July)
1854: The Church, in a Series of Discourses (edited and with Preface written by Judd's sister's husband and wife's brother, Joseph Hartwell Williams).  Boston:  Crosby, Nichols, and Company, 111 Washington Street.
The White Hills:  An American Tragedy (a drama unpublished left in manuscript)
He also wrote a large number of sermons and religious addresses.  Judd's papers are at the Harvard University Library, Yale University Library and Lithgow Library in Augusta.  His father's papers are in the Forbes Library, Northampton, MA.


Bactris simplicifrons

Bactris simplicifrons is a small (0.5–2 m tall, 0.3–1 cm in diameter) palm which is found in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia.

Unlike most other species of Bactris, B. simplicifrons is usually non-spiny, or only spiny along the leaf margins.  It also tends to have simple, rather than compound leaves.


Ameziane

Ameziane is the family name of:

 Ahmed Ameziane, Moroccan politician
 Djamel Ameziane (born 1967), Algerian citizen detained by the U.S. at Guantanamo Bay
 Mohammed Ameziane (ca. 1859–1912), Moroccan resistance leader


Do Not Marry, Girls

Do Not Marry, Girls ()  is a 1985  Soviet musical film  directed by Yevgeni Gerasimov.

Plot
Collective farm chairman Ivan Savelich Malkov (Vyacheslav Nevinny) is faced with an acute shortage of men in his farms, the problem has caused the female workers to complain and attempt to flee the city. Ivan Savelich decides to create an amateur folk ensemble, and show his performance on television, and the result was not long in coming.

Cast
 Vyacheslav Nevinny as Ivan Savelievich Malkov, the chairman of the collective farm
 Tatyana Dogileva as Valya, a agronomist
 Valery Leontiev (cameo)
 Natalya Vavilova as  milkmaid
 Victor Pavlov as Victor Skorobeynikov
 Yury Nazarov as Chairman of the Commission
 Lyubov Sokolova as Praskovya Ilinichna
 Stefaniya Staniyuta
 Raisa Ryazanova as Anna Ilinichna
 Nikolai Parfyonov as Trofimov
 Yevgeny Steblov as Andrey, barber
 Tatyana Agafonova  as Natalia Soldatova, a milkmaid
 Svetlana Ryabova as Olya Dyomina
 Marina Ustimenko as  milkmaid
 Nina Ruslanova as  Anisa Ilinichna

External links


Stewart's Independent Cavalry Battalion

The Stewart's Independent Cavalry Battalion (Illinois) was a cavalry battalion that served in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Service
Stewart's Battalion was consolidated in 1861 at Jackson, Tennessee from Stewart's Independent Cavalry Company as Company "A;" Carmichael's Independent Cavalry Company as Company "B;" Dollins' Independent Cavalry Company  as Company "C;" O'Harnett's Independent Cavalry Company as Company "D"; Hutchins' Independent Cavalry Company as Company "E."

The battalion was transferred to the 15th Regiment Illinois Volunteer Cavalry on December 25, 1862 as Companies "A," "B," "C," "D," "E" and "F".

Total strength and casualties

Commanders


Flabellula

Flabellula is a genus of Amoebozoa.

It is sometimes spelled "Flabelulla".


Jacques Gay

Jacques Gay (born in Voreppe, Isère on 22 February 1851, and died in Grenoble on 6 May 1925) was a French painter.

Biography
Jacques Gay was a pupil of Firmin Gauthier and Jean-Léon Gérôme in Paris. He is a painter of genre works, a portraitist and a landscaping, and painted many rural scenes. Friend of Ernest Hebert, he was part of the painters group in Proveysieux, with Jean Achard and Théodore Ravanat. He also attended the École dauphinoise.

He worked regularly at the Salon from 1878 to 1902. He painted Dauphiné villages, inhabitants, and interiors with a realistic style and with a warm sensitivity.

His paintings can be seen at the Museum of Grenoble.


Elder abuse

Elder abuse (also called "elder mistreatment", "senior abuse", "abuse in later life", "abuse of older adults", "abuse of older women", and "abuse of older men") is "a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person." This definition has been adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO) from a definition put forward by Action on Elder Abuse in the UK. Laws protecting the elderly from abuse are similar to and related to laws protecting dependent adults from abuse.

It includes harms by people the older person knows, or has a relationship with, such as a spouse, partner, or family member; a friend or neighbor; or people that the older person relies on for services. Many forms of elder abuse are recognized as types of domestic violence or family violence since they are committed by family members. Paid caregivers have also been known to prey on their elderly patients.

While a variety of circumstances are considered elder abuse, it does not include general criminal activity against older persons, such as home break-ins, "muggings" in the street, or "distraction burglary," where a stranger distracts an older person at the doorstep while another person enters the property to steal.

The abuse of elders by caregivers is a worldwide issue. In 2002, WHO brought international attention to the issue of elder abuse. Over the years, government agencies and community professional groups, worldwide, have specified elder abuse as a social problem. In 2006 the International Network for Prevention of Elder Abuse (INPEA) designated June 15 as World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (WEAAD), and an increasing number of events are held across the globe on this day to raise awareness of elder abuse and highlight ways to challenge such abuse.

Although elders who have dementia or mental illness commonly make false accusations of theft and other forms of abuse by caregivers or family members, all reports of abuse must be investigated.

Types
Although there are common themes of elder abuse across nations, there are also unique manifestations based upon history, culture, economic strength, and societal perceptions of older people within nations themselves. The fundamental common denominator is the use of power and control by one individual to affect the well-being and status of another older individual.

There are several types of abuse of older people that are generally recognized as being elder abuse, including:

 Physical: e.g. hitting, punching, slapping, burning, pushing, kicking, restraining, false imprisonment/confinement, or giving excessive or improper medication as well as withholding treatment and medication.
Psychological/Emotional: e.g. humiliating a person. A common theme is a perpetrator who identifies something that matters to an older person and then uses it to coerce an older person into a particular action. It may take verbal forms such as yelling,  name-calling, ridiculing, constantly criticizing, accusations, blaming, or nonverbal forms such as ignoring, silence, shunning or withdrawing affection.
 Elder financial abuse: also known as financial exploitation, involving misappropriation of financial resources by family members, caregivers, or strangers, or the use of financial means to control the person or facilitate other types of abuse. Also, failure to pay financial support to impoverished elders in jurisdictions which have filial responsibility laws, such as France, Germany, and most of the United States.
 Sexual: e.g. forcing a person to take part in any sexual activity without his or her consent, including forcing them to participate in conversations of a sexual nature against their will; which may also include situations where the person is no longer able to give consent (dementia).
 Neglect: e.g. depriving a person of proper medical treatment, food, heat, clothing, comfort, essential medication, or depriving a person of needed services to force certain kinds of actions, financial and otherwise. Neglect can include leaving an at-risk (i.e. fall risk) elder person unattended. The deprivation may be intentional (active neglect) or happen out of lack of knowledge or resources (passive neglect).

In addition, some U.S. state laws also recognize the following as elder abuse:
 Abandonment: deserting a dependent person with the intent to abandon them or leave them unattended at a place for such a time period that may be likely to endanger their health or welfare.
 Rights abuse: denying the civil and constitutional rights of a person who is old, but not declared by court to be mentally incapacitated. This is an aspect of elder abuse that is increasingly being recognized and adopted by nations.
 Self-neglect: any persons neglecting themselves by not caring about their own health, well-being or safety. Self-neglect (harm by self) is treated as conceptually different than abuse (harm by others). Elder self-neglect can lead to illness, injury, or even death. Common needs that older adults may deny themselves or ignore include the following: sustenance (food or water); cleanliness (bathing and personal hygiene); adequate clothing for climate protection; proper shelter; adequate safety; clean and healthy surroundings; medical attention for serious illness; and essential medications. Self-neglect is often created by an individual's declining mental awareness or capability. Some older adults may choose to deny themselves some health or safety benefits, which may not be self-neglect. This may simply be their personal choice. Caregivers and other responsible individuals must honor these choices if the older adult is sound of mind. In other instances, the older adult may lack the needed resources, as a result of poverty, or other social condition. This is also not considered "self-neglect."
 Institutional abuse refers to physical or psychological harm, as well as rights violations in settings where care and assistance is provided to dependent older adults or others, such as nursing homes. Recent studies of approximately 2,000 nursing home facility residents in the United States reported a growing abuse rate of 44% and neglect up to 95%, making elder abuse in nursing homes a growing danger. Exact statistics are rare due to elder abuse in general and specifically in nursing homes being a silent condition.

Warning signs
The key to prevention and intervention of elder abuse is the ability to recognize the warning signs of its occurrence. Signs of elder abuse differ depending on the type of abuse the victim is suffering. Each type of abuse has distinct signs associated with it.

 Physical abuse can be detected by visible signs on the body including bruises, scars, sprains, or broken bones. More subtle indications of physical abuse include signs of restraint such as rope marks on the  wrist or broken eyeglasses.
 Emotional abuse often accompanies the other types of abuse and can usually be detected by changes in the person's personality or behavior. The elder may also exhibit behavior mimicking dementia, such as rocking or mumbling. Emotional abuse is the most underreported abuse of elder abuse. Elder abuse occurs when a person fails to treat an elder with respect and includes verbal abuse. The elder experiences social isolation or lack of acknowledgement in this type of abuse. Some indicators of the emotional effects of elder abuse is the elder adult being unresponsive or uncommunicative. Also they can be unreasonably suspicious or fearful, more isolated, and not wanting to be as social as they may have been before. Emotional abuse is under reported but can have the most damaging effects because it leads to more physical and mental health problems.
 Financial exploitation is a more subtle form of abuse, in comparison to other types, and may be more challenging to notice. Signs of financial exploitation include significant withdrawals from accounts, belongings or money missing from the home, unpaid bills, and unnecessary goods or services.
 Sexual abuse, like physical abuse, can be detected by visible signs on the body, especially around the breasts or genital area. Other signs include inexplicable infections, bleeding, and torn underclothing.
 Neglect is a type of abuse in that it can be inflicted either by the caregiver or oneself. Signs of neglect include malnutrition and dehydration, poor hygiene, noncompliance to a prescription medication, and unsafe living conditions.

In addition to observing signs in the elderly individual,  abuse can also be detected by monitoring changes in the caregiver's behavior. For example, the caregiver may not allow them to speak to or receive visitors, exhibit indifference or a lack of affection towards the elder, or refer to the elder as "a burden." Caregivers who have a history of substance abuse or mental illness are more likely to commit elder abuse than other individuals.

Abuse can sometimes be subtle and therefore difficult to detect. Regardless, awareness organizations and research advise to take any suspicion seriously and to address concerns adequately and immediately.

Signs of elder abuse
 Broken bones or fractures
 Poor physical appearance
 Changes in mental status
 Frequent infections
 Bruising, welts, or cuts
 Unexplained weight loss
 Refusal to speak
 Signs of dehydration
 Lack of cleanliness

Health consequences
The health consequences of elder abuse are serious. Elder abuse can destroy an elderly person's quality of life in the forms of:
 Declining functional abilities
 Increased dependency, sense of helplessness, and stress
 Worsening psychological decline
 Premature mortality and morbidity
 Depression and dementia
 Malnutrition
 Bed sores
 Death

The risk of death for elder abuse victims are three times higher than for non-victims.

Common abusers
An abuser can be a spouse, partner, relative, friend, neighbor, volunteer worker, paid worker, practitioner, solicitor, or any other individual with the intent to deprive a vulnerable person of their resources. Relatives include adult children and their spouses or partners, their offspring, and other extended family members. Children and living relatives who have a history of substance abuse or have had other life troubles are of particular concern. For example, Hybrid Financial Exploitation (HFE) abusive individuals are more likely to be a relative, chronically unemployed, and dependent on the elderly person. Additionally, past studies have estimated that between 16% and 38% of all elder abusers have a history of mental illness. Elder abuse perpetrated by individuals with mental illnesses can be decreased by lessening the level of dependency that persons with serious mental illness have on family members. This can be done by funneling more resources into housing assistance programs, intensive care management services, and better welfare benefits for individuals with serious mental illness. People with substance abuse and mental health disorders typically have very small social networks, and this confinement contributes to the overall occurrence of elder abuse.

Perpetrators of elder abuse can include anyone in a position of trust, control or authority over the individual. Family relationships, neighbors and friends, are all socially considered relationships of trust, whether or not the older adult actually thinks of the people as "trustworthy." Some perpetrators may "groom" an older person (befriend or build a relationship with them) in order to establish a relationship of trust. Older people living alone who have no adult children living nearby are particularly vulnerable to "grooming" by neighbors and friends who would hope to gain control of their estates.

The majority of abusers are relatives, typically the older adult's spouse/partner or sons and daughters, although the type of abuse differs according to the relationship. In some situations the abuse is "domestic violence grown old," a situation in which the abusive behavior of a spouse or partner continues into old age. In some situations, an older couple may be attempting to care and support each other and failing, in the absence of external support. In the case of sons and daughters, it tends to be that of financial abuse, justified by a belief that it is nothing more than the "advance inheritance" of property, valuables, and money.

Within paid care environments, abuse can occur for a variety of reasons. Some abuse is the willful act of cruelty inflicted by a single individual upon an older person. In fact, a case study in Canada suggests that the high elder abuse statistics are from repeat offenders who, like in other forms of abuse, practice elder abuse for the schadenfreude associated with the act. More commonly, institutional abuses or neglect may reflect lack of knowledge, lack of training, lack of support, or insufficient resourcing. Institutional abuse may be the consequence of common practices or processes that are part of running of a care institution or service. Sometimes this type of abuse is referred to as "poor practice," although this term reflects the motive of the perpetrator (the causation) rather than the impact upon the older person.

With the aging of today's population, there is the potential that elder abuse will increase unless it is more comprehensively recognized and addressed.

Elder abuse is not a direct parallel to child maltreatment, as perpetrators of elder abuse do not have the same legal protection of rights as parents of children do. For example, a court order is needed to remove a child from their home but not to remove a victim of elder abuse from theirs.

Risk factors for elder abuse
Various risk factors increase the likelihood that an elderly person will become a victim of elder abuse, including an elderly person who:
 Has memory problems (such as dementia)
 Has a mental illness, either long-standing or recent
 Has physical disabilities
 Has depression, loneliness, or lack of social support
 Abuses alcohol or other substances
 Takes prescribed medications that impair judgment
 Is verbally or physically combative with the caregiver
 Has a shared living situation
 Has a criminal history
Several other risk factors increase the likelihood that a caregiver will participate in elder abuse, including a caregiver who:
 Feels overwhelmed or resentful
 Has a history of substance abuse or a history of abusing others
 Is dependent on the older person for housing, finances, or other needs
 Has mental health problems
 Is unemployed
 Has a criminal history
 Has a shared living situation

In addition:
 Lower income or poverty has been found to be associated with elder abuse. Low economic resources have been conceptualized as a contextual or situational stressor contributing to elder abuse.
 Living with a large number of household members other than a spouse is associated with an increased risk of abuse, especially financial abuse.

Risk factors can also be categorized into individual, relationship, community, and sociocultural levels. At the individual level, elders who have poor physical and mental health are at higher risk. At the relationship level, a shared living situation is a huge risk factor for the elderly, and living in the same area as the abuser is more likely to result in abuse. At the community level, caregivers may knowingly or inadvertently cause social isolation of the elderly. At the sociocultural level, a representation of an older person as weak and dependent, lack of funds to pay for care, elderly people who need assistance but live alone, and destruction of bonds between the generation of a family are possible factors in elder abuse.

Research and statistics
There has been a general lack of reliable data in this area and it is often argued that the absence of data is a reflection of the low priority given to work associated with older people. However, over the past decade there has been a growing amount of research into the nature and extent of elder abuse. The research still varies considerably in the definitions being used, who is being asked, and what is being asked. As a result, the statistics used in this area vary considerably.

One study suggests that around 25% of vulnerable older adults will report abuse in the previous month, totaling up to 6% of the general elderly population. However, some consistent themes are beginning to emerge from interactions with abused elders, and through limited and small scale research projects. Work undertaken in Canada suggests that approximately 70% of elder abuse is perpetrated against women and this is supported by evidence from the Action On Elder Abuse (AEA) helpline in the UK, which identifies women as victims in 67% of calls. Also domestic violence in later life may be a continuation of long term partner abuse and in some cases, abuse may begin with retirement or the onset of a health condition. Certainly, abuse increases with age, with 78% of victims being over 70 years of age.

The higher proportion of spousal homicides supports the suggestion that abuse of older women is often a continuation of long term spousal abuse against women. In contrast, the risk of homicide for older men was far greater outside the family than within. This is an important point because the domestic violence of older people is often not recognized and consequently strategies, which have proved effective within the domestic violence arena, have not been routinely transferred into circumstances involving the family abuse of older people.

According to the AEA helpline in the UK, abuse occurs primarily in the family home (64%), followed by residential care (23%), and then hospitals (5%), although a helpline does not necessarily provide a true reflection of such situations as it is based upon the physical and mental ability of people to utilize such a resource.

Research conducted in New Zealand broadly supports the above findings, with some variations. Of 1288 cases in 2002–2004, 1201 individuals, 42 couples, and 45 groups were found to have been abused. Of these, 70 percent were female. Psychological abuse (59%), followed by material/financial (42%), and physical abuse (12%) were the most frequently identified types of abuse. Sexual abuse occurred in 2% of reported cases.
Age Concern New Zealand found that most abusers are family members (70%), most commonly sons or daughters (40%). Older abusers (those over 65 years) are more likely to be husbands.

In 2007, 4766 cases of suspected abuse, neglect, or financial exploitation involving older adults were reported, an increase of 9 percent over 2006. 19 incidents were related to a death, and a total of 303 incidents were considered life-threatening. About one in 11 incidents involved a life-threatening or fatal situation.

In 2012, the study called Pure Financial Exploitation vs. Hybrid Exploitation Co-Occurring With Physical Abuse and/or Neglect of Elderly Persons by Shelly L. Jackson and Thomas L. Hafemeister brought attention to the hybrid abuse that elderly persons can experience. This study revealed that victims of hybrid financial exploitation or HFE lost an average of $185,574, a range of $20–$750,000.

Barriers to obtaining statistics
Several conditions make it hard for researchers to obtain accurate statistics on elder abuse. Researchers may have difficulty obtaining accurate elder abuse statistics for the following reasons:

 Elder abuse is largely a hidden problem and tends to be committed in the privacy of the elderly person's home, mostly by his or her family members.
Elder abuse victims are often unwilling to report their abuse for fear of others' disbelief, fear of loss of independence, fear of being institutionalized, fear of losing their only social support (especially if the perpetrator is a relative), and fear of being subject to future retaliation by the perpetrator(s).
 Elder abuse victims' cognitive decline and ill health may prevent them from reporting their abuse.
 Lack of proper training of service providers, such as social workers, law enforcement, nurses, etc., about elder abuse, therefore the number of cases reported tend to be low.
 The subjective nature of elder abuse, which largely depends on one's interpretation.
 Another reason why there is a lack of accurate statistics is the debate of whether to include self-neglect or not. Many are unsure if it should be included since it does not involve another person as an abuser. Those opposed to the inclusion of self-neglect make the claim that it is a different form of abuse and thus, should not be included in the statistics. Due to this discrepancy and the others mentioned above, it is difficult to get accurate data concerning the abuse of the elderly.

Prevention

Doctors, nurses, and other medical personnel can play a vital role in assisting elder abuse victims. Studies have shown that elderly individuals, on average, make 13.9 visits per year to a physician. Although there has been an increase in awareness of elder abuse over the years, physicians tend to only report 2% of elder abuse cases. Reasons for lack of reporting by physicians include a lack of current knowledge concerning state laws on elder abuse, concern about angering the abuser and ruining the relationship with the elderly patient, possible court appearances, lack of cooperation from elderly patients or families, and lack of time and reimbursement. Through education and training on elder abuse, health care professionals can better assist elder abuse victims.

Educating and training those in the criminal justice system, such as police, prosecutors, and the judiciary on elder abuse, as well as increased legislation to protect elders, will also help to minimize elder abuse. Increased legislation to protect elders and will also provide improved assistance to victims of elder abuse.

In addition, community involvement in responding to elder abuse can contribute to elderly persons' safety. In general, preventing the occurrence or recurrence of elder abuse helps not only the elder but it may also improve the anxiety and depression of their caregivers too. Communities can develop programs that are structured around meeting the needs of elderly persons. For example, several communities throughout the United States have created Financial Abuse Specialist Teams,  which are multidisciplinary groups that consist of public and private professionals who volunteer their time to advise Adult Protective Services (APS), law enforcement, and private attorneys on matters of vulnerable adult financial abuse.

False accusations of elder abuse
It is important to recognize that false accusations of elder abuse are very common. An elderly person who has dementia or a mental illness may falsely claim to be a victim of abuse. By one estimate, 70% of elderly people with mental impairments such as dementia, delusions, or paranoia falsely accuse caregivers of stealing. Mentally impaired elders may claim that a caregiver is feeding them poisoned food or holding them prisoner. Websites such as Alzlive.com and DailyCaring.com offer advice for caregivers who are falsely accused of elder abuse or other crimes.


William Foxley Norris

William Foxley Norris  (4 February 1859 – 28 September 1937) was Dean of York between 1917 and 1925 and of Westminster from then until his death in 1937.

Born into a clerical family, he was educated at Charterhouse and Trinity College, Oxford, before taking holy orders at Leeds Clergy School. After curacies in Eton and Chatham he embarked on a career that was to take him from pastoral (Incumbencies in Oxfordshire and Yorkshire) to administrative (Diocesan Educational Inspector) posts before a steady rise up the ecclesiastical ladder. He was successively Rural Dean of Silkstone, Rector of Barnsley, and Archdeacon of Halifax. In July 1902 he was appointed an honorary Canon of Wakefield Cathedral.

He became Dean of York in 1917, serving as such until 1925 when he was appointed Dean of Westminster. An exceptionally talented artist he wrote widely on church treasures. A much respected cleric, he died on 28 September 1937 and was buried in Westminster Abbey.

His grandson was Air Chief Marshal Sir Christopher Foxley-Norris the Battle of Britain pilot who went on to have a distinguished air force career.


Petlyakov

V.M. Petlyakov Design Bureau (, Opytnoe Konstructorskoe Byuro Petlyakova) was a Soviet OKB (design bureau) for military aircraft, headed by designer Vladimir Petlyakov. Following his death in 1942, the bureau was controlled by Izakson, Putliov, and Myasishchyev before being dissolved in 1946.

Developments
Pe-2 'Buck'/PB-100, 1939.
VI-100/"100" prototype, "high altitude fighter", 1939.
Pe-2I fighter
Pe-3 multirole fighter, 207  were built, 1941.
Pe-3bis multirole fighter, about 300 were built, 1941.
Pe-4 Pe-2 with Klimov VK-105PF engines.
Vb-109 (by V.Myasichev) high-altitude bomber.
Pe-8/TB-7 The only four-engined bomber the USSR used during World War II, 1935.


Sébastien Cantini

Sébastien Cantini (born 31 July 1987) is a French professional football player who currently plays as a defender for amateur-side ES Fosséenne . He started his career with CS Sedan Ardennes, and had a loan spell at Vannes OC during the 2010–11 season.


Kostas Kyriacou

Kostas Kyriacou (; born 10 June 1958), also known as "Outopos" (), is a Cypriot farmer and perennial candidate. He studied philosophy at the Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, resides in Paphos, and is divorced with three children.

Presidential campaign and views
Kostas Kyriacou became famous in Cyprus because since 1998, he has been a candidate for every election, from presidential to parliamentary elections that take place in Cyprus. However, he has never gained more than 1% of the vote.

He has often accused politicians and the authorities of stealing his votes and giving them to the main candidates. For example, he claims that in presidential elections of 2003, he gained 73.4% of the vote, but his share was split between Tassos Papadopoulos and Glafkos Klerides; he never gave reliable evidence for his accusations.
In the official results for presidential elections of 2003 he only received 0.44% of the votes. During presidential elections of 2008, he only gained 0.24% votes.

Kostas Kyriacou views are to create four city-states in Cyprus: three for Greek Cypriots and one for Turkish Cypriots. He says he would reconstruct all the cities on the island, and will give emphasis on people's health. Also, weddings would be forbidden on the island, while men and women will be able to make love freely with no need for engagements.

During election for the European Parliament in 2009, his view expanded to "a New Earth, an Earth which can include the land of the apocalypse, an Earth without mountains, an endless valley which can feed and nourish 57 billion".

As a part of his next moves, it will be gaining the position of the Secretary General of the United Nations, through which he can promote his ultimate goal. That goal is a world government with a unique world language and culture.


Priscia gens

The gens Priscia was an obscure plebeian family at ancient Rome.  No members of this gens are mentioned in history, but several are known from inscriptions.  A family of this name settled at Virunum in Noricum.

Origin
The nomen Priscius is derived from the common cognomen Priscus, old or elder.

Praenomina
The praenomina associated with the Priscii are Gaius, Titus, Publius, and Quintus, all of which were among the most common names throughout Roman history.

Members

 Priscia, named in an inscription from Ateste in Venetia and Histria.
 Priscia, named in a list of heirs from Narbo in Gallia Narbonensis.
 Priscia, the wife of Tertianus, named in an inscription from Virunum in Noricum.
 Priscius, buried at Rome, aged eight years, and nine months, on the sixteenth day before the Kalends of February.
 Priscius, named in an inscription from Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium in Germania Inferior.
 Gaius Priscius C. f., named in an inscription from Rome, dating to AD 184.
 Titus Priscius, named in an inscription from Agedincum in Gallia Lugdunensis, dating to the reign of Trajan.
 Priscia Albina, one of the wives of Julius Secundinus, buried in his family sepulchre at Flavia Solva in Noricum.
 Priscia Amanda, the wife of Publius Cestus, buried at Comum in Cisalpine Gaul, aged fifty-five years, five months.
 Priscia Calliope, wife of Priscius Marcianus, whom she buried at Durocortorum in Gallia Belgica.
 Gaius Priscius Crescentinus, named in an inscription from the temple of Mithras at Virunum.
 Priscius Eustochus, a freedman, dedicated a tomb at Lugdunum to his companion, Lucius Sabinius Cassianus, together with Cassianus' widow, Flavia Livia.
 Priscia C. f. Iantulla, buried at Virunum, was the sister of Priscia Prima, Quintus Priscius Priscianus, Gaius Priscius Statutus, and Publius Priscius Verecundus.
 Priscius Marcianus, buried at Durocortorum in a tomb dedicated by his wife, Priscia Calliope.
 Gaius Priscius Oppidanus, named in two inscriptions from Virunum in Noricum, one of them dating between AD 182 and 184.
 Priscia C. f. Prima, buried at Virunum, was the sister of Priscia Iantulla, Quintus Priscius Priscianus, Gaius Priscius Statutus, and Publius Priscius Verecundus.
 Quintus Priscius C. f. Priscianus, buried at Virunum, was the brother of Priscia Iantulla, Priscia Prima, Gaius Priscius Statutus, and Publius Priscius Verecundus, and the husband of Venustina.
 Priscia Restituta, donated forty thousand sestertii to the temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus in AD 101, according to an inscription from Ligures Baebiani in Samnium
 Titus Priscius Sabinus, along with Gaius Sextilius Severus, one of the heirs of Gaius Braecius Verus, a Dalmatic soldier buried at Ravenna in Cisalpine Gaul, aged forty.
 Gaius Priscius C. f. Statutus, buried at Virunum, was the brother of Priscia Iantulla, Priscia Prima, Publius Priscius Verecundus, and Quintus Priscius Priscianus, and the husband of Barbia Venusta.
 Gaius Priscius C. l. Surio, a freedman, and husband of Septima, buried at Virunum.
 Gaius Priscius Vegetus, buried at Virunum.
 Publius Priscius C. f. Verecundus, buried at Virunum, was the brother of Priscia Iantulla, Priscia Prima, Gaius Priscius Statutus, and Quintus Priscius Priscianus.


Elisabeth Benjamin

Rose Elisabeth Benjamin (7 December 1908 – 29 March 1999) was an English architect. She was of the first generation of women who trained as architects in the 1920s and 1930s. She designed a small number of modernist buildings and contributed towards the development of avant-garde architecture in Britain.

Early life
Benjamin was born in Hendon, Middlesex, the only child of Jewish parents, Elizabeth Abadi, a suffragette, and Alfred Benjamin, a businessman.
She was educated at St Paul's School in Hammersmith. In 1925, she spent six months in Paris and following this briefly attended art school in St John's Wood. She attended the Architectural Association from 1927 and graduated in 1932. During her time at the Architectural Association, Benjamin encountered Godfrey Samuel (1927–32), a fellow student and a later founder- member of Tecton, and she also worked for Edwin Lutyens' office during her year out.

Career
First working from home in Golders Green and then in her office 42 South Molton Street in London, Benjamin designed three modern houses that are known for their freshness. In Highgate, No 1 Fitzroy Park was rebuilt for Dr Edith Summerskill as a vehicle for self-presentation and Labour Party politics.


Coast Range (EPA ecoregion)

The Coast Range ecoregion is a Level III ecoregion designated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, and California. It stretches along the Pacific Coast from the tip of the Olympic Peninsula in the north to the San Francisco Bay in the south, including Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, and the Long Beach Peninsula in Washington, the entire length of the Oregon Coast, and the Northern California Coast. Named for the Coast Range mountains, it encompasses the lower elevations of the Olympic Mountains, the Oregon Coast Range, the Californian North Coast Ranges, and surrounding lowlands.

The low mountains of the ecoregion are covered by highly productive, rain-drenched evergreen forests that are home to the three tallest conifer species in the world: Coast redwood, Coast Douglas-fir, and Sitka spruce. Historically, Sitka spruce forests dominated the fog-shrouded coast, while a mosaic of western redcedar, western hemlock, and seral Douglas-fir blanketed the inland areas. Today, Douglas-fir plantations are prevalent on the intensively logged and managed landscape. Lithology influences land management strategies; slopes underlain by sedimentary rock are more susceptible to failure following clearcutting and road building than those underlain by volcanic rock.

The Coast Range ecoregion has been subdivided into fifteen Level IV ecoregions.

Level IV ecoregions

Coastal Lowlands (1a)
The Coastal Lowlands ecoregion contains beaches, sand dunes and spits, and low marine terraces below  elevation. Characteristic features include wet forests, shallow freshwater lakes, estuarine marshes, and low-gradient, meandering tannic streams and rivers. Residential, commercial, and recreational developments are expanding in the coastal corridor. Many wetlands in the floodplains of the region's streams have been drained and converted into pastures for dairy farms, and associated stream degradation has occurred. Mature forests in the region are dominated by a canopy of Sitka spruce, western hemlock, and Douglas-fir, with salal, sword fern, vine maple, and Oregon grape in the shrub layer. The riparian zone supports red alder, western redcedar, and bigleaf maple with an understory of salmonberry; California bay-laurel is common in the south. Estuaries and coastal wetlands may feature Baltic rush, Lyngby's sedge, tufted hairgrass, Pacific silverleaf, and seaside arrowgrass with shore pine, sweet gale, and Hooker's willow. Stabilized dunes support shore pine over salal, rhododendron, and evergreen blueberry, with dune wildrye, Chilean strawberry, and dune bentgrass. Soil textures range from silty clay loam to sandy loam. The region covers  in Oregon and  in Washington, with the largest contiguous areas found near Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, the mouth of the Columbia River, Tillamook Bay, and along the southern Oregon Coast. Public lands include the Grays Harbor, Willapa, Nestucca Bay, Siletz Bay, and Bandon Marsh National Wildlife Refuges, the Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, and numerous state parks.

Coastal Uplands (1b)
The Coastal Uplands ecoregion includes the headlands, high marine terraces, hills, and low mountains surrounding the Coastal Lowlands, with medium to high gradient tannic streams. Elevation varies from 400 to 2500 feet (120 to 760 m). The climate is marine-influenced with an extended winter rainy season and minimal seasonal temperature extremes. Abundant fog during the summer dry season reduces vegetation moisture stress. The Uplands region roughly corresponds with the historic distribution of Sitka spruce. After extensive logging, most of the Sitka spruce is gone, and today the forests are dominated by Douglas-fir and western hemlock, with a shrub layer of salal, sword fern, vine maple, Oregon grape, rhododendron, and evergreen blueberry. Wetter slopes and riparian areas feature red alder, bigleaf maple, and western redcedar, with a salmonberry and currant understory. The headlands are covered by grasslands. The region is nearly three times the size of the Coastal Lowlands, covering  in Washington and  in Oregon. Public lands include the Drift Creek Wilderness, the Siuslaw National Forest, and the Lewis and Clark and Cape Meares national wildlife refuges. California has not been mapped yet.

Low Olympics (1c)
The Low Olympics ecoregion contains foothills and lower mountains of the Olympic Range, with U-shaped valleys and high gradient streams. It rises to an elevation of approximately . Higher areas were glaciated. Copious precipitation (up to  a year) supports a lush, epiphyte-rich rainforest of western hemlock, western red cedar, and Douglas-fir, with Pacific silver fir at higher elevations. Riparian zones support red alder and bigleaf maple forests. Much of the region is in the third rotation of logging, including land within the Olympic National Forest. However, a portion of the region lies within Olympic National Park and contains ancient forests with extremely high biomass. The region covers , entirely on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. The higher elevations of the Olympic Mountains to the east are designated as part of the North Cascades ecoregion.

Volcanics (1d)
The Volcanics ecoregion consists of steeply sloping mountains and capes underlain by fractured basaltic rocks. Elevation generally varies from 600 to 4100 feet (180 to 1250 m), although in some places the volcanic rock extends down to sea level. The region is marked by columnar and pillow basalt outcrops. Its mountains may have been offshore seamounts engulfed by continental sediments about 200 million years ago. High gradient, cascading streams and rivers occur, and the basaltic substrate preserves summer flows that are more consistent than streams on the sedimentary rocks in surrounding ecoregions. The streams still support runs of spring chinook salmon and summer steelhead. The region's Douglas-fir plantations are heavily logged. Mature forests consist of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, salal, sword fern, vine maple, Oregon grape, and rhododendron. Wetter slopes and riparian areas may support western redcedar, bigleaf maple, red alder, salmonberry, and oxalis. Grassy coastal headlands and mountaintop balds feature Roemer's fescue, thin bentgrass, California oatgrass, and diverse forbs. This large but disjunct ecoregion covers  in Oregon and  in Washington, including parts of the Olympic and Siuslaw National Forests and the Cummins Creek and Rock Creek Wildernesses, as well as higher elevations in the Cape Meares National Wildlife Refuge. California has not been mapped yet.

Outwash (1e)
The Outwash ecoregion is a gently sloping fan of glacial outwash material that forms a series of undulating terraces and plateaus. Elevation varies from 20 to 1000 feet (6 to 300 m). The region lies outside the zone of marine influence, and its medium gradient streams and rivers have lower summer flow than most other parts of the Coast Range. Mature forest types include Douglas-fir, western hemlock, red alder, bigleaf maple, and western red cedar, but today the region is largely dominated by industrial timber plantations. It is the smallest of the Coast Range subregions, covering  in Grays Harbor County north of Aberdeen, Washington.

Willapa Hills (1f)
The Willapa Hills ecoregion (named for the Willapa Hills) consists of low, rolling hills and low, gently sloping mountains with medium gradient streams and rivers. It rises to an elevation of approximately . This region has a lower drainage density than other upland areas in the Coast Range. Logging is relatively easy and less expensive in this accessible terrain, and industrial timberland has almost completely replaced the historic forests. When disturbed, the silt- and clay-textured soils are easily eroded, thereby degrading stream quality. The vegetation consists of Douglas-fir and western hemlock forests, with sword fern, vine maple, salal, Oregon grape, and rhododendron shrub layer. Wetter slopes and riparian areas support red alder, western redcedar, bigleaf maple, salmonberry, and oxalis. Large herds of Roosevelt elk winter in the region. The region covers  in southwestern Washington and  in northwestern Oregon, inland from the coast.

Mid-Coastal Sedimentary (1g)
The mountainous Mid-Coastal Sedimentary ecoregion lies outside of the coastal fog zone and is typically underlain by massive beds of sandstone and siltstone. Elevation varies from 300 to 3000 feet (90 to 900 m). The region is more rugged than the geologically similar Willapa Hills. Its Douglas-fir forests are intensively managed for logging, and the slopes are prone to failure when disturbed, particularly south of the Siuslaw River. Stream sedimentation is higher than in the Volcanics ecoregion. The mature forest consists of Douglas-fir and western hemlock, with salal, sword fern, vine maple, Oregon grape, and rhododendron; tanoak may be found on drier slopes to the south. Wetter slopes and riparian areas support bigleaf maple, western redcedar, grand fir, red alder, salmonberry, and oxalis, with California bay-laurel in the south. This is the largest of the Coast Range subregions, covering  in the Central and Southern Oregon Coast Range.

Southern Oregon Coastal Mountains (1h)
The Southern Oregon Coastal Mountains ecoregion is a geologically and botanically diverse ecoregion that is a transition zone between the Coast Range and the Siskiyou Mountains, which form part of the Klamath Mountains ecoregion to the east. Rising to an elevation of approximately , this region has the climate of the Coast Range but the varied lithology of the higher, more dissected Siskiyou Mountains, underlain by Jurassic sandstone, metamorphosed sediments, granite, and serpentinite. Distributions of northern and southern vegetation blend together here and species diversity is high. Douglas-fir, western hemlock, tanoak, Port Orford cedar, and western redcedar are present, along with salal, sword fern, vine maple, Oregon grape, rhododendron, California bay-laurel, bigleaf maple, grand fir, red alder, salmonberry, and oxalis. The region covers  in a remote area of Curry County in southwestern Oregon containing the Sixes and Elk River drainages. It includes Grassy Knob Wilderness within the Siskiyou National Forest.

Redwood Zone (1i)
The low mountains of the Redwood Zone ecoregion lie entirely within the coastal fog zone. Elevation varies from 50 to 1800 feet (15 to 550 m). Historically, unbroken redwood forests moderated the local climate by trapping the coastal fog and producing shade. Remnants of unlogged redwood forest still survive east of Brookings, Oregon. Today, the region is characteristically covered by a mixed forest of coast redwood and Douglas-fir, with a shrub layer of vine maple, rhododendron, sword fern, and oxalis. The region covers  in the far southwestern corner of Oregon. Larger sections in northwestern California have not been mapped yet.

Gallery

Flora

Fauna

Landscapes


Beautiful sibia

The beautiful sibia (Heterophasia pulchella) is a species of bird in the Leiothrichidae family. It is found in China, India, and Myanmar.

Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.


The Mask (Gotham)

"The Mask" is the eighth episode of the television series Gotham. It premiered on FOX on November 10, 2014 and was written by John Stephens, and directed by Paul Edwards. In this episode, Gordon (Ben McKenzie) and Bullock (Donal Logue) investigate a killer with a fight club while Bruce (David Mazouz) returns to the school since the death of his parents.

The episode was watched by 6.35 million viewers and received positive reviews with critics commenting on Bruce's storyline.

Reception

Viewers
The episode was watched by 6.35 million viewers, with a 2.2 rating among 18-49 adults. With Live+7 DVR viewing factored in, the episode had an overall rating of 10.03 million viewers, and a 3.8 in the 18–49 demographic.

Critical reviews

"The Mask" received positive reviews. The episode received a rating of 83% on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, with the site's consensus stating: "The appearance of a familiar Batman villain and a bullying scene at Bruce's school make 'The Mask' an important episode, though it returns to Gothams procedural format."

Matt Fowler of IGN gave the episode a "good" 7.8 out of 10 and wrote in his verdict, "The 'case of the week' and Barbara's decision to unravel into a mess and leave Jim again (!) - which felt like the show was purposefully giving up on her and forcing her out more than anything - gave us plenty to roll our eyes at this week. But the fact that Gordon's relationship with his co-workers had become a critical topic was excellent. As was, believe it or not, Bruce's bully story. Kid Wayne still hasn't quite found his place on the series, but this was a spectacular moment between him and Alfred. With Alfred finally figuring out how, with his limited parenting skills, he could best help young Master Wayne."

The A.V. Club's Oliver Sava gave the episode a "C+" grade and wrote, "Very little comes of the procedural this week. It may not be as ludicrous as the Balloonman, but there's little to no stakes here. Sure, Gotham tries its damnedest to get us to care about Gordon's ongoing battle to 'stand up for the city,' giving Bullock a speech (though he wouldn't call it a speech) that rouses the police force to spread out across the city and find Gordon, who's gone missing while investigating the fight club. When Sarah Essen shows up at the episode's end and helps save Gordon, it doesn't feel like a triumph of the system, or a sudden turn for the GCPD towards actual policing. Instead, it's a tidy end to an episode that's supposed to make us cheer for Gordon, but only continues to outline how sloppy and inconsequential these procedural storylines can be. Where’s the tension or insight?"


Bartolomeo degli Erri

Bartolomeo degli Erri (1447–1482) was an Italian Gothic painter of the Italian Renaissance.

Bartolomeo degli Erri, and his brothers Bartolomeo Bonascia and Agnolo are considered key figures of the Quattrocento movement in Modena. Bartolomeo probably contributed to the large triptych of the Coronation of the Virgin at the Galleria Estense (1462 and 1466) mainly attributed to his brother. The art historian Roberto Longhi also assigns a secondary interest to a series of paintings of scenes from the lives of the saints. There are tables that are probably from three dismembered altarpieces dedicated to the saints, made between 1466-1474 for the church of San Domenico Modena.

He also has works in various museums worldwide, including Metropolitan Museum of Art, Kunsthistorisches Museum, California Palace of the Legion of Honor, and the Galleria Estense.


Bach Medal

The Bach Medal () is awarded by the Lord Mayor of Leipzig during the Bachfest Leipzig in recognition of efforts to promote the work of Johann Sebastian Bach. The Bach Medal of the City of Leipzig is an annual award.

Jury
 Members of the artistic directorate of Bachfest
 Thomaskantor
 Rector of the University of Music and Theatre Leipzig
 Gewandhauskapellmeister
 Intendant of Leipzig Opera

Recipients

 2003 Gustav Leonhardt
 2004 Helmuth Rilling
 2005 Sir John Eliot Gardiner
 2006 Ton Koopman
 2007 Nikolaus Harnoncourt
 2008 Hermann Max
 2009 Frieder Bernius
 2010 Philippe Herreweghe
 2011 Herbert Blomstedt
 2012 Masaaki Suzuki
 2013 Peter Schreier
 2014 Akademie für Alte Musik Berlin
 2015
 2016 Peter Kooij
 2017 Reinhard Goebel
 2018 Robert D. Levin
 2019 Klaus Mertens
 2020 Angela Hewitt


Balkan Wars Museum

The Balkan Wars Museum () is a museum in Gefyra, west of Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece, dedicated to the Balkan Wars.

History and description
The museum was founded on 26 October 1999. It occupies a two-storey building, built at the end of the nineteenth century near the entrance to the village. It is known as the Villa Topsin and it was here that the negotiations between the Greeks (under Crown Prince Constantine) and Ottoman forces were held when Thessaloniki was surrendered to the Greek army in October 1912.

All the furniture in the museum is authentic and has been supplemented by furniture which the army had previously kept in storage. The room in which Commander-in-Chief Crown Prince Constantine spent the night contains all the furniture which he actually used. The exhibits consist of photographs and lithographs of the wars of 1912-13. Of particular note are four paintings by Kenan Messare, the son of Hasan Tahsin Pasha, who surrendered the city to the Greeks, and accompanied Constantine on the Epirus campaign and in the Second Balkan War. They depict scenes from the Battle of Kilkis-Lachanas during the Second Balkan War.

There are also the entire sets of the military decorations awarded by the Greek, Turkish, and Bulgarian armies; a display of medals; many everyday objects used by officers and men; cards sent from here by Greek Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos; and Greek and Bulgarian uniforms, the most important of which is the one worn by Lieutenant-Colonel Papakyriazis, who was killed at the Battle of Kilkis-Lachanas.

The museum also boasts a very large collection of Greek, Bulgarian, and Turkish weapons, including Greek and Bulgarian Mannlicher rifles, a Turkish Mauser, a Greek Mannlicher pistol, Turkish Mauser and Smith & Wesson pistols, a Greek Schwarzlose M1907/12 machine-gun, and the whole range of swords used by the Greek and the Bulgarian armies.

Gallery


Lusmagh

Lusmagh is an area and townland in County Offaly, Ireland, situated approximately three miles south-west of Banagher. It is bounded on three sides by rivers, the River Shannon, the River Lusmagh and the Little Brosna River. It is also a Roman Catholic parish, in the Diocese of Clonfert, the only parish in the Diocese east of the River Shannon. Prior to 1373, Lusmagh was in the province of Connacht. According to the history of the O'Kellys of Hy-Many, the name means the plain of the healing herbs. In Christian times, the parish was named Cill Mochonna (the Church of Mochonna), after Saint Mochonna. Saint Crónán founded a monastery in the parish that survived for many centuries. The name Lusmagh was restored to the Parish around 1810. The present Roman Catholic parish church is named after St. Crónán.

Cloghan Castle

Cloghan Castle was originally built as a monastery by St. Crónán in 600. The Normans fortified the remains of the monastery in 1203 by building a defensive wall around it, a part of which still exists. The Gaelic Chieftain Eoghan O’Madden constructed the castle keep in 1336.  His kingdom stretched to the west as far as Loughrea in County Galway. The castle was attacked and razed in 1595 by Sir William Russell, the Lord Deputy, and confiscated for the Crown.  It was granted, together with 6,000 acres, to Sir John Moore in 1601 and he was responsible for the existing oak beamed roof. Sir John was sacked from his Government post when it was discovered that he was a Catholic. The castle remained in the Moore family until it was taken by Cromwellian soldiers in 1654. They remained in residence until 1683 when King Charles II granted it to Garret Moore. It was garrisoned by the Jacobites in 1689 and 1690 and remains of their gun emplacements can still be seen in the grounds. The Moores were good landlords and tried their best to alleviate the suffering of their tenants in the Great Famine of 1845 to 1847. As a result of the Famine, the Moores became bankrupt and had to sell the lands. It was purchased by Dr. Robert Graves, the Dublin Doctor who discovered Graves Disease of the thyroid, at the insistence of his wife. He died a year after purchasing the castle. After his death, his widow evicted up to 100 tenants from the property.  His grandson sold it in 1908 before emigrating to Australia, where his descendants still live.

The land of Lusmagh was eventually taken over by the Land Commission, and divided among the local tenant farmers around 1910.

People
Lusmagh was the birthplace of Michael Larkin (1837–1867) one of the three Manchester Martyrs. He was born on the properties of Cloghan Castle, the entrance of which is just past St. Cronan's Church and parish house.

Hurling
Lusmagh is probably best known for its hurling tradition. Joachim Kelly, Brendan Bermingham, Jim Troy, Brendan Kelly, Pat Temple and John Troy have all won All-Ireland Senior Hurling medals with Offaly as well as numerous provincial titles. Brendan Kelly, Ronald Byrne and John Troy have also won All-Ireland Minor medals, with John Troy having the distinction of being one of only three men in the history of the GAA to win three all-Ireland Minor medals.

Lusmagh GAA club won their one and only County Senior title in 1989, having been promoted from the Junior ranks in 1973. They defeated Seir Kieran in the final by one point. Joachim, Jim and John Kelly and Brendan Bermingham figured on both the successful teams of 1973 and 1989.

Lusmagh have also won two All-Ireland 11-a-side titles, an annual club competition which is held in Carlow, beating neighbours St.Rynagh's of Banagher in the inaugural competition in 1990 and Ferns in 2000.

In popular culture
In 1908, Edward Dolan, who was 20 years old, left Lusmagh as an emigrant to Australia. On the long journey he wrote a song about the pain of emigration and of parting from his native land, which he enclosed with his first, and only, letter home. He was never heard from again, but news has recently surfaced of his life.  He worked for the railways in the Northern Territory in Darwin circa 1923–30. He was also a founder member of the Wheat Growers Union in Western Australia in 1930 to enable small scale farmers to join together to get a better deal as they were being thrown off their farms by the government of the day. This union was very much left leaning and closely allied to the Australian Labour party.  It finally morphed into Cooperative Bulk Handling which is the backbone of all wheat handling in Western Australia to this day.  Edward or "Ned" passed away in 1956 aged 69.


The New Reign

The New Reign is the first EP and debut release by American heavy metal band Born of Osiris. It was released on October 2, 2007 through Sumerian Records. It was written entirely by drummer Cameron Losch when he was 14-16 years old and produced by Michael Keene. It is also the last release by the band with guitarist Matthew C. Pantelis. Pantelis went on to join deathcore band Veil of Maya after The New Reign.

Track listing

Personnel
 Ronnie Canizaro - lead vocals
 Joe Buras - vocals, keyboards, synthesizer, programming
 Cameron Losch - drum programming, bass guitar, guitar, percussion

Artwork and design
 Ash Avildsen - art direction, photography

Production and recording
 Michael Keene & Pad Demolish - engineer, mastering, mixing, producer


Sławkowo, Kętrzyn County

Sławkowo  (German Reimsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kętrzyn, within Kętrzyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.

Before 1945 the area was part of Germany (East Prussia).


Bartercard Premiership

The NZRL Bartercard Premiership was a six-team rugby league competition that ran in 2008 and 2009. It replaced the now-defunct Bartercard Cup competition as the highest level of rugby league in New Zealand. Matches have been broadcast on SKY Network Television and Māori Television. In 2009 the competition was mirrored by Under 18 and Under 16 grade competitions. The competition was replaced by the seven-team National Zonal Competition in 2010.

Teams
In both season, 6 teams represented different regions of New Zealand. The league operated on a single group system, with no divisions or conferences and no relegation and promotion from other leagues.

The 6 regions which competed in the Bartercard Premiership are given below:

The map below shows the locations of the 6 competing provinces within New Zealand:

List of Premiers
Two seasons of the Bartercard Premiership were contested, the most successful club in the short history of the competition being Canterbury.

History

2008

The inaugural representative season started on the weekend of August 23 and 24, 2008. The first Grand Final was held at Mount Smart Stadium on  September 28.

2009

The second season of the Bartercard Premiership saw an extension of the competition to two junior grades; an under 16s and 18s competition.

In the Seniors competition, Canterbury achieved their first Premiership in the new competition in a rematch of the 2008 final, defeating Auckland at Rugby League Park, Christchurch.

The 2009 season was the last competition contested with this name and format, with the Premiership being replaced by the National Zonal Competition in 2010.


Raymond Kursar

Raymond Kursar (born 1944) is an American artist, illustrator and graphic designer; known for his Broadway play posters, fine giclee limited edition prints and the movie classic “Gone with the Wind” collector’s plate collection.

Early art training
Kursar art career training began in 1966. He attended the School of Advertising Arts in Portland, Oregon.  This exposure afforded him an artistic position in the advertising department of Lipman & Wolf Company. After honing his illustration skills at Lipman & Wolf Company by 1969 he saved enough money to relocate to New York City. There Kursar was hired by a Madison Avenue Advertising Agency from 1969 to 1972 where he created product and label packaging designs. In 1973 to 1979 Kursar began illustrating for several publishing houses and greeting card manufactures. He created greeting cards for the American Artist's Group as many contemporary artists like Chen Chi, Eyvind Earle, Norman Rockwell, Ralph Avery, Hans Moller, who also created seasonal greeting card designs year after year for the American Artist’s Group.

Illustrations
During the period from 1979 to 1985 Kursar started illustrating for a number of today’s popular American Magazines, and his illustrations appeared in magazines such as Ladies Home Journal, Good Housekeeping Magazine, Readers Digest and National Lampoon Magazine. He has also illustrated hundreds of romance novel covers for book publishers such as Bantam Books, Ace Books, Random House and Pocket books & Zebra Books, Avon, Fawcett, Ballantine, Doubleday, Charles Scribner & Sons, etc. In 1979 Kursar was commissioned by the Knowles China Plate Company to illustrate on fine china the movie classic “Gone with the Wind”. this Collectable’s plate collection was featured as the cover story in the June 1983 issue of Plate World Magazine.

Posters
Raymond Kursar illustrated posters for “Shakespeare in the Park” and the Artist created numerous Events Poster Art for Broadway Plays including “Grease”, “Hello Dolly”, “City Of Angles”, “The Good Doctor”, “That Championship Season”, and “Legend”. Kursar was also commissioned to do artwork for album covers for the works of classical Guitarist Andrés Segovia and jazz musician Louis Armstrong. Raymond Kursar has also created art pieces & posters for producer Joseph Papp, writer Neil Simon and for Magician Harry Blackstone. Kursar also illustrated poster art for “Big Apple Circus” and the “Ringling Brothers Barnum & Bailey Circus”.

External links
Official website
The Annual Illustrators 13
 Roster of the American Artist's Group Greeting Card Artists Past & Present
 The Marietta Gone with the Wind Museum in Marietta, Georgia – Exhibits the Gone with the Wind “Collectors’ Edition” of fine Giclee prints by the artist.


Herma (Xenakis)

Herma (from Greek ἕρμα "a stringing together, a foundation") is a piece for solo piano composed by Iannis Xenakis in 1961. It is based on a formulation of the algebraic equations of Boolean algebra, and is also an example of what Xenakis called symbolic music.

Herma was the composer's first major work for piano. It was composed after a visit to Japan in 1961, where Xenakis befriended pianist and composer Yuji Takahashi. Xenakis completed the piece upon his return to Paris and dedicated it to Takahashi, who premièred the piece on February 2, 1962. The pianist's impression of that concert was that the piece "made some excited and wonder, others feel painful" .

Boolean algebra is the main mathematical principle behind Herma . Xenakis defines several pitch sets and proceeds to apply various logical operations to them. The results are incorporated into music by using successions and combinations of various sets. Stochastic procedures are used to select the order and place of notes within each set .

The piece has been described by the pianist and critic Susan Bradshaw as "[deserving] the label of the most difficult piano piece ever written", because of its extreme tempo .


Egyházashetye

Egyházashetye is a village in Vas County, Hungary.

Famous people
The poet Dániel Berzsenyi was born there in 1776.

External links
 Street map