The Exorcist (film series)

The Exorcist is an American horror media franchise consisting of five films and a television series based on the 1971 novel The Exorcist by William Peter Blatty. The films have been distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures and 20th Century Fox.

The films have grossed over $661 million at the worldwide box office. Critics have given the films mixed reviews. In 2004, a prequel (Exorcist: The Beginning) was released. This was the second version of the prequel film made at that time as the first version (directed by Paul Schrader) was deemed unsatisfactory by the studio upon completion, and the entire project was refilmed by director Renny Harlin. However, Schrader's version received a limited release in 2005, after Harlin's, and was titled Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist. On January 22, 2016, 20th Century Fox Television announced they were developing a television series continuation of The Exorcist. It premiered on September 23, 2016.

Films

The Exorcist (1973)

Based on the 1971 novel by William Peter Blatty, The Exorcist marries three scenarios into one plot.

The film opens with Father Merrin (Max von Sydow) on an archaeological dig in Al-hadar, near Nineveh, in Iraq. He is alerted that a small carving is found in the dig, resembling a grimacing, bestial creature. After talking to one of his supervisors, he travels to a statue of Pazuzu; the small carving resembles the head of the statue. He sees ominous figures and two dogs fight viciously nearby, setting the tone for the rest of the film.

Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977)

Father Philip Lamont (Richard Burton), who is struggling with his faith, is assigned by the Cardinal (Paul Henreid) to investigate the death of Father Lankester Merrin (Max von Sydow). Merrin was killed in the first film during the exorcism of Regan MacNeil (Linda Blair). The Cardinal informs Lamont (who has had some experience at exorcism, and has been exposed to Merrin's teachings) that Merrin is being investigated posthumously for heresy. Despite approval of the MacNeil exorcism by a bishop, the Church is no longer convinced that MacNeil was truly possessed, and the controversial nature of Merrin's books on the subject are being reconsidered as politically and theologically suspect.

The Exorcist III (1990)

Adapted and directed by Blatty from his 1983 novel Legion, the film stars George C. Scott and several cast members (Jason Miller, Ed Flanders, Scott Wilson and George DiCenzo) from Blatty's previous film The Ninth Configuration. The story takes place 17 years after the events of The Exorcist and centers on the philosophical police detective William F. Kinderman from the first film. He investigates a series of brutal murders in Georgetown that resemble the modus operandi of a serial killer executed about the time of the MacNeil exorcism.

Originally titled Legion, the film was drastically changed after rewrites and re-shoots ordered by the studio Morgan Creek Productions. Studio executives demanded the addition of an exorcism sequence, and retitled the film as The Exorcist III in order to more strongly tie the film to the rest of the franchise. All of the deleted footage is apparently lost.

Exorcist: The Beginning (2004)

The plot revolves around the crisis of faith suffered by Father Merrin (Stellan Skarsgård) following the horrific events he witnessed during World War II.

After WWII, Merrin is an archaeologist in Cairo, when he is approached by a collector of antiquities who asks him to come to a British excavation in the Turkana region of Kenya. This dig is excavating a Christian Byzantine church from the 5th century—long before Christianity had reached that region. Further, the church is in perfect condition, as though it had been buried immediately after the construction was completed.  Merrin is asked to participate in the dig and find an ancient relic hidden in the ruins before the British do.  Merrin takes the job, but soon discovers that all is not well—something evil lies in the church and is infecting the region.  The local tribesman hired to dig refuse to enter the building, and there are stories of an epidemic that wiped out an entire village.  However, when Merrin, growing suspicious of these rumors, digs up one of the graves of the supposed victims of this plague, he discovers it is empty.  Meanwhile, the evil grows, turning people against each other and resulting in violence, atrocities, and more bloodshed.

Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist (2005)

Many years before the events in The Exorcist, the young Father Lankester Merrin (played by Skarsgård, who played the same part in the Exorcist: The Beginning) travels to East Africa. Merrin has taken a sabbatical from the Church and devoted himself to history and archaeology as he struggles with his shattered faith. He is haunted especially by an incident in small village in occupied Holland during World War II, where he served as parish priest. Near the end of the war, a sadistic Nazi SS commander, in retaliation for the murder of a German trooper, forces Merrin to participate in arbitrary executions in order to save a full village from slaughter.

He meets up with a team of archaeologists, who are seeking to unearth a church that they believe has been buried for centuries. At first, Merrin resists the idea that supernatural forces are in play, but eventually helps them, and the ensuing events result in an encounter with Pazuzu, the same demon referenced in The Exorcist.

Television series

The Exorcist (2016)

On January 22, 2016, 20th Century Fox Television announced they were developing a television series continuation of The Exorcist. It premiered on September 23, 2016.

The Exorcist: The Next Chapter (2017)

On May 12, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a second season, advertised as The Next Chapter, which premiered on September 29, 2017. On May 11, 2018, Fox canceled the series after two seasons.

Cast
Key
A  indicates the actor portrayed the role of a younger version of the character.
 An  indicates a role as an older version of the character.
A  indicates the actor or actress lent only his or her voice for his or her film character.
A  indicates a cameo appearance.
 An  indicates an appearance through archival footage.
A dark gray cell indicates the character was not in the film.

Cut scenes

The "spider-walk scene"
Contortionist Linda R. Hager was hired to perform the infamous "spider-walk scene" that was filmed on April 11, 1973. Friedkin deleted the scene just prior to the original December 26, 1973 release date because he felt it was ineffective technically. However, with advanced developments in digital media technology, Friedkin worked with CGI artists to make the scene look more convincing for the 2000 theatrically re-released version of The Exorcist: The Version You've Never Seen. Since the original release, myths and rumors still exist that a variety of spider-walk scenes were filmed despite Friedkin's insistence that no alternate version was ever shot.

In 1998, Warner Brothers re-released the digitally remastered DVD of The Exorcist: 25th Anniversary Special Edition. This DVD includes the special feature BBC documentary, The Fear of God: The Making of The Exorcist, highlighting the never-before-seen original non-bloody version of the spider-walk scene. The updated "bloody version" of the spider-walk scene appears in the 2000 re-release of The Exorcist: The Version You've Never Seen utilizing CGI technology to incorporate the special effect of blood pouring from Regan's mouth during this scene’s finale.

The Exorcist III

Despite his misgivings about the studio-imposed reshoots, Blatty is proud of the finished version of The Exorcist III, having said “It’s still a superior film. And in my opinion, and excuse me if I utter heresy here, but for me it’s a more frightening film than The Exorcist". Nevertheless, Blatty had hoped to recover the deleted footage from the Morgan Creek vaults so that he might re-assemble the original cut of the film which he said was "rather different" from what was released, and a version of the film fans of the Exorcist series have been clamouring for. In 2007, Blatty's wife reported on a fan site that "My husband tells me that it is Morgan Creek's claim that they have lost all the footage, including an alternate opening scene in which Kinderman views the body of Karras in the morgue, right after his fall down the steps". Mark Kermode has stated that the search for the missing footage is "ongoing".

An upcoming book titled The Evolution Of William Peter Blatty's The Exorcist III: From Concept To Novel To Screen by author Erik Kristopher Myers will reveal the whole story behind the film's development, and publish never-before-seen images, the original script, studio notes, various drafts of the story as it has evolved, and interviews with Blatty, Brad Dourif, Mark Kermode, John Carpenter, and many others associated with the film. Myers in an interview said that The Exorcist III "has sort of turned into horror genre’s equivalent to Orson Welles' The Magnificent Ambersons, in that it was originally a very classy film that the studio hacked apart and turned into a commercial piece [...] I'm basically trying to chronicle how a film can get away from the auteur and be transformed into a purely commercial product".

Reception

Upon its release on December 26, 1973, the film received mixed reviews from critics, “ranging from ‘classic’ to ‘claptrap'." Stanley Kauffmann, in The New Republic, wrote, “This is the most scary film I’ve seen in years — the only scary film I’ve seen in years…If you want to be shaken — and I found out, while the picture was going, that that’s what I wanted — then The Exorcist will scare the hell out of you.” Variety noted that it was “an expert telling of a supernatural horror story…The climactic sequences assault the senses and the intellect with pure cinematic terror.”  In Castle of Frankenstein, Joe Dante opined, “[A]n amazing film, and one destined to become at the very least a horror classic.  Director William Friedkin’s film will be profoundly disturbing to all audiences, especially the more sensitive and those who tend to 'live' the movies they see…Suffice it to say, there has never been anything like this on the screen before.”

However, Vincent Canby, writing in The New York Times, dismissed The Exorcist as “a chunk of elegant occultist claptrap…[A] practically impossible film to sit through…it establishes a new low for grotesque special effects...” Andrew Sarris complained that “Friedkin’s biggest weakness is his inability to provide enough visual information about his characters…whole passages of the movie’s exposition were one long buzz of small talk and name droppings…The Exorcist succeeds on one level as an effectively excruciating entertainment, but on another, deeper level it is a thoroughly evil film.”  Writing in Rolling Stone, Jon Landau felt the film was, “[N]othing more than a religious porn film, the gaudiest piece of shlock this side of Cecil B. DeMille (minus that gentleman’s wit and ability to tell a story) …”

Over the years, The Exorcists critical reputation has grown considerably. The film currently has an 85% "Certified Fresh" approval rating on the Rotten Tomatoes website, based on 40 reviews the website collected.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/exorcist/ |title=The Exorcist" (1973)|accessdate=2007-11-03|first=|last=|publisher=Rotten Tomatoes}}</ref>  Some critics regard it as being one of the best and most effective horror films; admirers say the film balances a stellar script, gruesome effects, and outstanding performances. However, the movie has its detractors as well, including Kim Newman who has criticized it for messy plot construction, conventionality and overblown pretentiousness, among other perceived defects. Writer James Baldwin provides an extended negative critique in his book length essay The Devil Finds Work.

II: Stephen H. Scheuer wrote that Exorcist II “may just well be the worst sequel in the history of films – a stupefying, boring, vapid and non-scary follow-up to the box-office champ of 1973...Exorcist II is a disaster on every level – a sophomoric script, terrible editing, worst direction by John Boorman, inevitably coupled with silly acting. In one scene that typifies this lamentable sci-fi horror pic, [Richard] Burton and [James Earl] Jones, two splendid actors, are spouting inane dialogue while Jones is outfitted like a witch doctor.” Leslie Halliwell described the film as a “highly unsatisfactory psychic melodrama which...falls flat on its face along some wayward path of metaphysical and religious fancy. It was released in two versions and is unintelligible in either.” Leonard Maltin described the film as a “preposterous sequel...Special effects are the only virtue in this turkey.” Danny Peary dismissed  Exorcist II as “absurd.”

While most reviewers responded negatively to the film, Pauline Kael greatly preferred Boorman's sequel to the original, writing in her review in The New Yorker that Exorcist II "had more visual magic than a dozen movies." Since Exorcist II's initial release, some notable critics and directors have praised the film. Kim Newman wrote in Nightmare Movies (1988) that "it doesn't work in all sorts of ways... However, like Ennio Morricone's mix of tribal and liturgical music, it does manage to be very interesting." Director Martin Scorsese asserted, "The picture asks: Does great goodness bring upon itself great evil? This goes back to the Book of Job; it's God testing the good. In this sense, Regan (Linda Blair) is a modern-day saint — like Ingrid Bergman in Europa '51, and in a way, like Charlie in Mean Streets. I like the first Exorcist, because of the Catholic guilt I have, and because it scared the hell out of me; but The Heretic surpasses it. Maybe Boorman failed to execute the material, but the movie still deserved better than it got."

Author Bob McCabe's book The Exorcist: Out of the Shadows contains a chapter on the film in which Linda Blair said the movie "was one of the big disappointments of my career," and John Boorman confessed that “The sin I committed was not giving the audience what it wanted in terms of horror...There’s this wild beast out there which is the audience. I created this arena and I just didn’t throw enough Christians into it. People think of cutting and re-cutting as defeat, but it isn’t. As Irving Thalberg said: ‘Films aren’t made, they’re remade.’” McCabe himself offered no one answer as to why Exorcist II failed: "Who knows where the blame ultimately lies. Boorman's illness and constant revising of the script can't have helped, but these events alone are not enough to explain the film's almighty failure. Boorman has certainly gone on to produce some fine work subsequently...When a list was compiled to find the fifty worst films of all time, Exorcist II: The Heretic came in at number two. It was beaten only by Ed Wood's Plan 9 from Outer Space, a film that generally receives a warmer response from its audience than this terribly misjudged sequel."

III: The film met with mixed reviews. The New York Times reviewer Vincent Canby said "The Exorcist III is a better and funnier (intentionally) movie than either of its predecessors". and British film critic Mark Kermode called it "a restrained, haunting chiller which stimulates the adrenalin and intellect alike." However Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave a negative review, stating "If Part II sequels are generally disappointing, Part IIIs are often much, much worse. It can seem as if nothing is going on in them except dim murmurings about the original movie—murmurings that mostly remind you of what isn't being delivered." Gleiberman called The Exorcist III "an ash-gray disaster" and that it "has the feel of a nightmare catechism lesson, or a horror movie made by a depressed monk.” Kim Newman claimed that "The major fault in Exorcist III is the house-of-cards plot that is constantly collapsing." Kevin Thomas of Los Angeles Times gave a mixed review, saying Exorcist III "doesn't completely work but offers much more than countless, less ambitious films."

Box office

Accolades

Academy AwardsThe Exorcist was nominated for a total of ten Academy Awards in 1973. At the 46th Annual Academy Awards ceremony, the film won two statuettes.

 Academy Award for Sound
 Academy Award for Writing Adapted ScreenplayWilliam Peter Blatty

The film was nominated for:
 Academy Award for Best Picture
 Academy Award for Best ActressEllen Burstyn
 Academy Award for Best Supporting ActorJason Miller
 Academy Award for Best Supporting ActressLinda Blair
 Academy Award for Best DirectorWilliam Friedkin
 Academy Award for Best Cinematography
 Academy Award for Film Editing
 Academy Award for Best Art DirectionBill Malley and Jerry Wunderlich

Golden GlobeThe Exorcist was nominated for a total of five Golden Globes in 1973. At the Golden Globes ceremony that year, the film won four awards.
 Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama
 Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion PictureWilliam Friedkin
 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress - Motion PictureLinda Blair
 Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay

The film was nominated for
 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion PictureMax von Sydow
 Best Awarded film is Amanjikari file university.

Others
American Film Institute recognition
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills#3
 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains
 Regan MacNeilVillain #9

In 1991, The Exorcist III won a Saturn Award from the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films, USA, for Best Writing (William Peter Blatty) and was nominated for Best Supporting Actor (Brad Dourif) and Best Horror Film. However it was also nominated for Worst Actor (George C. Scott) at the Golden Raspberry Awards. In 2005, Exorcist: The Beginning was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards, Worst Director (Renny Harlin) and Worst Remake or Sequel.

Home media release
A limited edition box set was released in 1998. It was limited to 50,000 copies, with available copies circulating around the Internet. There are two versions; a special edition VHS and a special edition DVD. The only difference between the two copies is the recording format.

On the DVD
 The original film with restored film and digitally remastered audio, with a 1.85:1 widescreen aspect ratio.
 An introduction by director William Friedkin
 The 1998 BBC documentary The Fear of God: The Making of "The Exorcist" 2 audio commentaries
 Interviews with the director and writer
 Theatrical trailers and TV spots

In the box
 A commemorative 52-page tribute book, covering highlights of the film's preparation, production, and release; features previously-unreleased historical data and archival photographs
 Limited edition soundtrack CD of the film's score, including the original (unused) soundtrack (Tubular Bells and Night of the Electric Insects omitted)
 8 lobby card reprints.
 Exclusive senitype film frame (magnification included)

Blu-ray
In an interview with DVD Review, William Friedkin mentioned that he is scheduled to begin work on a The Exorcist Blu-ray on December 2, 2008. This edition features a new restoration, including both the 1973 theatrical version and the "version you've never seen" from 2000. It was released on October 5, 2010.

On September 23, 2014, in preparation for the first film's 41st anniversary, the complete collection of the series was released as The Exorcist: The Complete Anthology'' containing all five films restored on Blu-ray. The rest of the installments of the franchise were also given an individual release for the first time on Blu-ray with the exception of Dominion: Prequel to the Exorcist which can only be obtained on Blu-ray by purchasing the collection.


Compsoptera jourdanaria

Compsoptera jourdanaria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It was described by Serres in 1826. It is found in France, Spain, Portugal and on Sardinia and Corsica.

The wingspan is 30–36 mm for males and 29–39 mm for females. Adults are on wing from September to October.

The larvae feed on Santolina, Thymus, Helichrysum and Dorycnium species.

Subspecies
According to BioLib :
Compsoptera jourdanaria anargyra (Turati, 1913)
Compsoptera jourdanaria jourdanaria (Serres, 1826)


Tiago Lopes

Tiago Jorge Oliveira Lopes (born 4 January 1989) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays for Turkish club Denizlispor as a right back.

Club career
Born in Vila Nova de Gaia, Porto District, Lopes kickstarted his senior career in Italian amateur football. Returned to his country in 2010, he spent one season apiece in the third division with S.C. Espinho and C.D. Tondela.

In the summer of 2012, Lopes signed with Segunda Liga club C.D. Trofense. He played his first game as a professional on 12 August, featuring the full 90 minutes in a 0–2 away loss against C.D. Aves.

For the 2013–14 campaign, Lopes joined fellow league side S.C. Covilhã. On 19 January 2014, as his contract was about to expire, the 25-year-old moved abroad after agreeing to a two-and-a-half-year deal at CFR Cluj in the Romanian Liga I.

Lopes scored his first top flight goal on 29 September 2014, netting the game's only in a home win over FC Universitatea Cluj.

In July 2017, Lopes moved on a free transfer to Kayserispor in Turkey's Süper Lig, on a one-year deal with the option of a second. After two years of regular game time, he transferred to Denizlispor in the same competition, on a contract of the same length.

Personal life
Lopes's twin brother, Hélder, was also a footballer and a defender.

Honours
CFR Cluj
Cupa României: 2015–16


Le Carillon (EP)

Le Carillon is an EP of 1950s-inspired love songs by the American alternative rock band The Autumns, released in 2001.  For this album, they were reunited with producer Andrew D. Prickett.

The album was released on limited edition pink vinyl, as well as compact disc.

Track listing
"Thieves in Blue"
"Quite"
"Slow Kiss"
"She Whispers the Winter Snow"

Carillon, Le


Mij, Iran

Mij () in Iran may refer to:
 Mij, Fars
 Mij, Kerman
 Mij, Mazandaran


Musical cryptogram

A musical cryptogram is a cryptogrammatic sequence of musical notes, a sequence which can be taken to refer to an extra-musical text by some 'logical' relationship, usually between note names and letters. The most common and best known examples result from composers using ciphered versions of their own or their friends' names as themes or motifs in their compositions. Much rarer is the use of music notation to encode messages for reasons of espionage or personal security called steganography.

Because of the multitudinous ways in which notes and letters can be related, detecting hidden ciphers and proving accurate decipherment is difficult.

History
From the initial assignment by Western music theorists of letter names to notes in the 9th century it became possible to reverse the procedure and assign notes to the letters of names. However, this does not seem to have become a recognized technique until the Romantic period. From the mid-19th century it has become quite common. Sporadic earlier encipherments used solmization syllables.

Systems

Syllables to solmization names
It is believed that this method was first used by Josquin des Prez in his Missa Hercules Dux Ferrarie. It was named Soggetto cavato by the later theorist Zarlino. Under this scheme the vowel sounds in the text are matched to the vowel sounds of the solmization syllables of Guido of Arezzo (where 'ut' is the root, which we now call 'do'). Thus the Latin name of the dedicatee 'Hercules Dux Ferrarie' (Ercole d'Este, Duke of Ferrara) becomes re-ut-re-ut-re-fa-mi-re, which translates as D-C-D-C-D-F-E-D in modern notation with C as 'ut'. This is used as the cantus firmus of the mass setting. Josquin's method was imitated by several of his contemporaries and successors, including Adrian Willaert and Costanzo Festa.

Letters to note names
Since the note names only cover letters A to G (reflecting the octave repetition of these names), the problem arises as to how to cipher the rest of the alphabet. Historically there have been two main solutions, which may be labelled for convenience the 'German' and the 'French' methods.

German
Because the development of note names took place within the framework of modes, in the German-speaking world B-flat was named 'B' and B-natural was named  'H'. The most common musical cryptogram is the B-A-C-H motif, which was used by Johann Sebastian Bach himself, by his contemporaries and by many later composers. Other note names were derived by sound, for example E-flat, 'Es' in German, could represent 'S' and A-flat the digraph 'As'.

Composers less fortunate than Bach usually seem to have chosen to ignore non-musical letters in generating their motifs. For example, Robert Schumann, an inveterate user of cryptograms, has just S-C-H-A (E-flat, C, B-natural, A) to represent himself in Carnaval. Sometimes phonetic substitution could be used, Schumann representing Bezeth by B-E-S-E-D-H. Johannes Brahms used B-A-H-S (B-flat, A, B-natural, E-flat) for his surname in the A-flat minor organ fugue, and the mixed language Gis-E-La (G-sharp, E, A) for Gisela von Arnim, among many examples.

French
The 'French' method of generating cryptograms arose late in the 19th century and was more akin to normal encipherment. The most popular version involved writing out the letters H-N, O-U and V-Z in lines under the original diatonic notes A-G, as follows:

so that A, H, O, and V are enciphered by note 'A', B, I, P and W by 'B' (flat or natural) and so on. This scheme was used by Jules Écorcheville, editor of the journal S.I.M., to solicit centenary commemorations of Joseph Haydn in 1909, except that he diverted the 'H' to B-natural, presumably to avoid too many repeated notes. Writing to Gabriel Fauré about the invitation, Camille Saint-Saëns said he was writing to Écorcheville asking him to prove that Y and N could signify D and G as "it would be annoying to get mixed up in a farcical business which would make us a laughing stock in the German musical world."
The many-to-one mapping of this method makes it more difficult to extract possible motifs from the musical score than the one-to-one correspondence (apart from 'As') of the German system.

20th century
A French tradition of celebratory uses developed from the Haydn centenary, with tributes to
Gabriel Fauré by Maurice Ravel, Florent Schmitt, Charles Koechlin and others in 1922 (added to later by Arnold Bax, 1949) and to Albert Roussel by Francis Poulenc, Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud and others  (using various ciphering schemes) in 1929. Honegger's system involved placing the letters after 'H' under sharpened and flattened notes, an example of how chromatic cryptograms could be more easily accommodated in 20th-century music.

Olivier Messiaen developed his own full cipher, involving pitches and note lengths, for his organ work Méditations sur le mystère de la Sainte Trinité (1969).

Dmitri Shostakovich used the German scheme for his personal motto D-Es-C-H (D, E-flat, C, B-natural), representing D.SCH, which appears in many of his most characteristic works. Elliott Carter featured both a cryptogram for the last name "Boulez" in his piece Réflexions (2004) and a sonic symbol of the first name "Pierre".

Cryptograms were less common in England, but Edward Elgar, who was also interested in general cryptography and puzzles, wrote an early Allegretto for his pupils the Gedge sisters using G-E-D-G-E  and part of the 'enigma' in the Enigma Variations involves cryptograms.

Others
In 1947 Friedrich Smend also been suggested that Bach enciphered significant numbers through methods including repetitions of a motif, word, or phrase; the notes played on the continuo; the use of sequence; and the notes played by the accompaniment. However, Ruth Tatlow has presented evidence questioning the plausibility of Smend's claims.

During the first quarter of the 20th century, American author and occultist Paul Foster Case established an esoteric musical cryptogram for the purposes of ceremonial magick. The system was a derivative of a cipher used by an affiliated magical order called the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn. Each note of the 12 tone system was assigned a set of correspondences including colors, planets, zodiacal signs, and Hebrew letters. The holy names of biblical characters were translated letter by letter into a linear sequence of musical notes, so that each letter could be sung by the congregation in unison.

Ezra Sandzer-Bell has written and published two books on this subject, describing how Paul Foster Case's system of musical cryptography could be applied to songwriting. Any word can be translated phonetically into Hebrew and converted using Case's cryptogram to generate a series of notes. Sandzer-Bell's project involves the conversion of the common and Latin names of plants, trees, and mushrooms into melodies. Each song was composed by consuming the plant in tea or tincture form, then using the physical effects of the plant to determine what kind of rhythm, harmony, instruments, and dynamics to use.  A lengthy demonstration and proof concept is publicly available on the author's website.

Summary of signature motifs

The following list includes only motifs which are known to have been used in published works.
 A, B, E, B, A
 for Aubrey Brain, used in Gordon Jacob's Sextet for Piano and Winds, which was inscribed "In memoriam Aubrey Brain"

 A, B, B, F (= A, B, H, F)
for Alban Berg and Hanna Fuchs-Robettin (A. B. and H. F.), used in Berg's Lyric Suite

A, B, E, G, G (= A, B, E, G, G)
for Meta Abegg, the fictional inspiration for Robert Schumann's Abegg Variations, op. 1

A, D, A, A, F (= A, L, A, I, N)
for Jehan Alain, used by Maurice Duruflé in his Prélude et Fuge sur le nom d'Alain (op. 7) and derived on the French system but leaving H = B-natural and starting the second line with 'I'

A, D, E, C, B, F, E (= A, D, S, C, H, F, E)
for Alfred Schnittke and Vladimir Feltzmann, used by Alfred Schnittke in his Sonata No. 1

A, E, C, B (= A, S, C, H) and A, C, B (= As, C, H)
used in Schumann's Carnaval, Op. 9. He was romantically involved with Ernestine von Fricken, who came from the town of Aš, in German "Asch". Every piece in the whole cycle is based on one or other of these motifs. The letters are also the note names from 'Schumann' and he added the motif E, C, B, A (= S, C, H, A) so that three are displayed in breves in the section 'Sphinxes'.  It has been noted that ASCH and SCHA also appear in the title of Schumann's Faschingsschwank aus Wien, Op. 26.

[A], E, C, B, B, E(), G (= [A], S, C, H, B, E, G)
for Arnold Schoenberg  (A. Schönberg), set 6-Z44

B, A, B, E (= B, r, A, H, m, Es)
for Brahms, used by Alfred Schnittke in his Quasi Una Sonata along with the B-A-C-H motif and other quotations, and allusions

B, A, C, B (= B, A, C, H)
for Johann Sebastian Bach

B, A, D, D, G (= H, A, Y, D, N)
for Joseph Haydn, used by Maurice Ravel in his Menuet sur le nom d'Haydn and by other contributors to the S.I.M. commemoration and derived on the French system

B, A, F (= B, La, F)
for Mitrofan Belyayev, used by Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Alexander Borodin, Anatoly Lyadov and Alexander Glazunov in a string quartet

B, D, G, A, C, F (= B, Re, Gis, La, Do, Fa)
from the Russian phrase берегись Лядова (beregis' Lyadova, beware of Lyadov), used by Nikolay Myaskovsky in his String Quartet No. 3

B, E, B, A or B, A, B, E
for Béla Bartók (Béla Bartók, the latter motif recognizing the Hungarian practice of placing the family name before the personal name)

C, A, G, E
for John Cage, used by Pauline Oliveros and, in the composition CAGE DEAD, by Simon Jeffes of the Penguin Cafe Orchestra

C, F, E, B, A, C, H
for Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach with the initials of his name - Carl Philipp (Filippo) Emanuel Bach -. The motif is based on the German musical nomenclature, however the initials of the composer’s name appear partially in German and in Italian version, instead of Philipp as Filippo. The C. F. E. BACH motif appears in an unpublished Fughetta in F major of C. Ph. E. Bach, found in the Brussels Conservavorium.

D, A, C, H, S
for Josef Dachs. He was a piano teacher at the Vienna conservatory. Hans Rott was probably one of his students at the conservatory when he composed his Dachs-Studie for string orchestra.

D, E, C, B (= D, S, C, H)
for Dmitri Shostakovich (D. Schostakowitsch)

E, A, C, B, E, D (= Es, A, C, H, E, Re)
for Paul Sacher, known as the Sacher hexachord

E, A, E, D, A (= E, La, Mi, Re, A)
for Elmira Nazirova, pupil of Dmitri Shostakovich, used in his Symphony No. 10

E, C, B, A (= S, C, H, A)
for Schumann, used in Carnaval, it is a re-ordering of that piece's A-S-C-H motif

F, A, E and F, A, F
for Frei aber einsam and Frei aber froh, "free but lonely" and "free but happy" in German; the former, his friend Joseph Joachim's motto (F-A-E Sonata), described as "more romantic" than the latter, a "gender-separatist" motto of Johannes Brahms's Symphony No. 3

F, E, C, B (= F, S, C, H)
for Franz Schubert (F. Schubert)

G, A, B, D, B, E, E, F, A, G, D, E (= G, A, B, Re, H, E, Le - F, A, Ug, Re, E)
for Gabriel Fauré, used by contributors to Henri Prunières' Fauré celebration in the October 1922 issue of La revue musicale  (F, A, G, D had also been used 20 years earlier for "Fauré" in a collaborative string quartet)

G, A, D, E
for Niels Gade; the motif is the basis of Robert Schumann's "Nordisches Lied", No. 41 from Album for the Young, Op. 68.  Its subtitle is "Gruss an G."

G, E, A, B (= G, Es, A, H)
for Gustav Holst (Gustav Holst), used as the opening motif in the movement Uranus from The Planets.

A, E, G, E, B, B (= La, Es, Sol, Mi, Ti, Ti)
for the initials of the London Symphony Orchestra (=La Es Sol) and Michael Tilson Thomas (=Mi Ti Ti), used by Oliver Knussen in Flourish with fireworks. Thomas commissioned Knussen for the opening concert of his first season as principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra - the piece is "affectionately dedicated to Michael Tilson Thomas and the London Symphony Orchestra."


Elise Stefanik

Elise Marie Stefanik (; born July 2, 1984) is an American politician serving as the U.S. Representative for  since 2015. Upon her first House election in 2014, Stefanik, then aged 30, became the youngest woman ever elected to Congress at the time. She is the youngest Republican woman ever elected to Congress.

Early life and career
Elise Stefanik was born in Albany, New York in 1984 to Melanie and Ken Stefanik. Her parents own Premium Plywood Products, a wholesale plywood distributor based in Guilderland Center. After graduating from the Albany Academy for Girls, she entered Harvard University, graduating with a degree in Government in 2006. While at Harvard, she received an honorable mention for the Women's Leadership Award.

After graduating from Harvard, she joined the administration of President George W. Bush, working as staff to the Domestic Policy Council. Stefanik worked in the office of the White House Chief of Staff for Joshua Bolten, Bush's second deputy chief of staff. She also helped prepare the Republican platform in 2012, served as director of new media for Tim Pawlenty's presidential exploratory committee, and worked at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies and the Foreign Policy Initiative. Stefanik managed Wisconsin congressman Paul Ryan's debate preparation during the 2012 presidential election. Following the Romney–Ryan loss in the 2012 presidential election, she returned to upstate New York and joined her parents' business.

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2014

In August 2013, Stefanik declared her candidacy in the 2014 election for the United States House of Representatives in . The district had been in Republican hands for 100 years before Democrat Bill Owens was elected to represent it in a 2009 special election. In 2014, Owens opted not to seek re-election.

Stefanik defeated Matt Doheny in the 2014 Republican primary election, 61 to 39 percent, She faced Aaron Woolf, the Democratic Party nominee, and Matt Funiciello, the Green Party nominee, in the general election on November 4. Stefanik defeated Woolf and Funiciello, gaining 55.2% to their 33.5% and 10.6%, respectively. At age 30, she became the youngest woman ever elected to Congress.

2016

Stefanik ran for re-election in 2016. She ran unopposed in the Republican primary. Stefanik supported Donald Trump for president after he won the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries.

Stefanik faced Democrat Mike Derrick and Green Party candidate Matt Funiciello in the general election. She won re-election with 66%, while Derrick (D) received 29%, and Funiciello (G) received 5% of the vote.

2018
In 2017, former U.N. Ambassador John Bolton endorsed Stefanik for re-election, lauding her work on the House Armed Services Committee.

In the general election, she won re-election with 56.1% of the vote, with Tedra Cobb (D) receiving 42.4% and Lynn Kahn receiving 1.5%.

Tenure
In January 2015, Stefanik was appointed to the House Armed Services Committee. She was elected by the freshman Representatives in the 114th Congress to serve as the Freshman Representative to the Policy Committee.

In February 2015, she was appointed vice chairwoman of the House Armed Services Committee's Subcommittee on Readiness.

On January 11, 2017, Stefanik announced that she had been elected co-chair of the Tuesday Group, "a caucus of...moderate House Republicans from across the country." According to Stefanik, "[the] Tuesday Group is  members who are willing to work across the aisles to advance policy solutions for their constituents, and I look forward to working on critical issues facing our nation in this important role." In September 2017, the Albany Times Union reported that "Stefanik may be integral to the future of the [Tuesday Group] as some wonder aloud whether it can survive with some of its top members exiting or planning to do so... Stefanik remains in a position to amplify her voice — for both moderates and her constituents."

Stefanik is a member of the Republican Main Street Partnership and the Climate Solutions Caucus.

Stefanik led recruitment for the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC) in the 2018 United States House of Representatives elections. In December 2018, Stefanik announced she would be leaving the NRCC to create a "leadership PAC" dedicated to recruiting Republican women to run for office. This group, named Elevate PAC (E-PAC), announced in an October 22 press conference that it had partially funded the primary campaigns of 11 Republican women from various states.

Committee assignments
Committee on Armed Services
Subcommittee on Military Personnel
Subcommittee on Readiness (Vice Chair)
Subcommittee on Intelligence, Emerging Threats and Capabilities
Committee on Education and the Workforce
Subcommittee on Civil Rights and Human Services
Subcommittee on Workforce Protections
Subcommittee on Higher Education and Workforce Training
United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence

Political positions

Stefanik was ranked as the 19th most bipartisan member of the U.S. House of Representatives during the first session of the 115th United States Congress by the Bipartisan Index, created by The Lugar Center and the McCourt School of Public Policy to assess congressional bipartisanship.

Abortion
Stefanik is pro-life, but says the GOP should be more understanding of other positions on the issue. She opposes taxpayer funding for abortion and supports requiring that health insurance plans disclose whether or not they cover abortions. In 2019, The National Right to Life Committee, a political action committee (PAC) opposed to legal abortion, gives Stefanik a 71% pro-life rating, and NARAL Pro-Choice America, a PAC that supports legal abortion, gave her a 28% pro-choice rating.

Economy
Stefanik voted in favor of the Keystone Pipeline. Stefanik opposed the 2013 sequestration cuts to the federal U.S. military budget, citing its effect on Fort Drum in Watertown, New York, part of her district.

She voted against the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, joining five other New York Republican representatives. Her primary reason for voting "no" was due to the state and local tax deduction "that so many in our district and across New York rely on." Stefanik also criticized "Albany's failed leadership and inability to rein in spending." She stated "New York is one of the highest taxed states in the country, and families here rely on this important deduction to make ends meet. Failure to maintain SALT (state and local tax deductions) could lead to more families leaving our region."

Defense

In a July 2015 profile in The Washington Times, Jacqueline Klimas noted that Stefanik was the only freshman on that year's conference committee for the defense policy bill, a position accorded to her "because of her extensive experience in foreign policy — working in the George W. Bush administration, prepping Rep. Paul Ryan for his vice presidential debates and listening to commanders at Fort Drum in her home district." Jack Collens, a political science professor at Siena College, told Klimas that Stefanik's prize committee position signalled that party leaders wanted Stefanik to be part of "the next generation of Republican leaders."

Stefanik united New York House members "to spare Fort Drum from drastic cuts." Instead of a planned reduction of 40,000 troops, Fort Drum ended up losing only 28, making it a standout among stateside Army bases.

Environment
Stefanik criticized President Donald Trump's decision to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement, saying the decision was "misguided" and "harms the ongoing effort to fight climate change while also isolating us from our allies."

In January 2017, Stefanik joined the Bipartisan Climate Solutions Caucus, an apparent indication of "a moderate stance on climate change issues."

Healthcare
On May 4, 2017, Stefanik voted on party lines in favor of repealing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and passing the House Republican-sponsored American Health Care Act.

Following a televised community forum in Plattsburgh four days later, in which many attendees opposed her vote and wanted to maintain Obamacare because it was superior, Stefanik said she had been unfairly criticized for her vote for AHCA. She defended her vote in a post on Medium, "Setting the Record Straight on the American Health Care Act."

Her claims about the effects of the AHCA have been strongly disputed by journalists' fact-checking from the Glens Falls Post-Star, North Country Public Radio, and the Albany Times Union. Following constituent backlash over Stefanik's AHCA vote, the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee added Stefanik to their list of targeted 2018 House races.

In 2017, Stefanik co-sponsored the Preserving Employee Wellness Programs Act (H.R. 1313) in 115th Congress – legislation that, among other things, would eliminate the genetic privacy protections of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 and allow companies to require employees to undergo genetic testing or risk paying a penalty of thousands of dollars, and would let employers see that genetic and other health information. The bill is opposed by the American Society of Human Genetics.

Stefanik opposes abortion, but argues for compassion and understanding of different views. She joined her party in supporting H.R. 36, the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act of 2017.

In November 2017, Stefanik voted for the Championing Healthy Kids Act, which would provide a five-year extension to the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP).

Immigration
Stefanik opposed Trump's 2017 executive order imposing a temporary ban on travel and immigration to the United States by nationals of seven Muslim-majority countries.

Stefanik declined to condemn the Trump administration family separation policy, instead publishing a press release congratulating Trump after he signed an Executive Order to suspend new separations and detain families.

On March 26, 2019, Stefanik was one of fourteen Republicans to vote with all House Democrats to override President Trump's veto of a measure unwinding the latter's declaration of a national emergency at the southern border.

Intelligence
Stefanik voted to release the Nunes memo written by staff members of Republican U.S. Representative Devin Nunes. President Trump asserted that the memo discredited the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections, but the Federal Bureau of Investigation asserted: "material omissions of fact ... fundamentally impact the memo's accuracy."

Stefanik supported the ending of the House Intelligence Committee's investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections over the objections of Committee Democrats.

Taxes
On Tuesday, December 19, 2017, Stefanik voted against the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. In a December 18 Facebook post, Stefanik asserted: "the final bill does not adequately protect the state and local tax deduction that so many in our district and across New York rely on ... New York is one of the highest taxed states in the country, and families here rely on this important deduction to make ends meet."

Net neutrality
After the Federal Communications Commission decided to repeal Obama-era net neutrality in December 2017, Stefanik urged her congressional colleagues to pass legislation restoring the policy.

Cybersecurity
In September 2018, Stefanik co-sponsored, together with Seth Moulton and Dan Donovan, the "Cyber Ready Workforce Act" advanced by Jacky Rosen. The legislation would create a grant program within the Department of Labor to "create, implement and expand registered apprenticeships" in cybersecurity. It aims to offer certifications and connect participants with businesses in order to "boost the number" of workers for federal jobs in said trade.

LGBT issues
In the 116th Congress, Stefanik was one of eight Republicans to vote in favor of the Equality Act. Later in the same Congress, she introduced a bill, The Fairness for All Act, that would prohibit discrimination against LGBT people while also including exceptions for religious groups and small businesses with religious foundations.

Impeachment of Donald Trump

On September 25, 2019, Stefanik announced that she did not support the impeachment of President Trump.

During the November 2019 hearings in which Congress gathered evidence and heard witness testimony in relation to the impeachment inquiry into Trump, Stefanik emerged as a key defender of Trump. During a November 15 hearing, intelligence committee ranking member Devin Nunes attempted to yield part of his allotted witness questioning time to Stefanik, but was ruled out of order by committee chairman Adam Schiff. Stefanik accused Schiff of "making up the rules as he goes" and of preventing Republican members on the committee from controlling their own time to question witnesses. Nunes and Stefanik were violating the procedural rules that were established by an October House vote, and Schiff cited the rule to them. The rule Schiff cited authorized only Schiff and Nunes, or their counsels, to ask questions during the first 45 minutes of each party's questions for witnesses. The incident created a controversy in which Stefanik and others, including Trump, accused Schiff of "gagging" her. The Washington Post and other reporters characterized the incident as a stunt to portray Schiff as unfair.

Personal life
Stefanik moved into the 21st Congressional District immediately prior to beginning her first campaign. Her official residence was in Willsboro, New York, where her parents had owned a vacation home for many years. As of April 2014, she owned a minority interest in a townhouse near Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., valued at $1.3 million.

Stefanik married Matthew Manda, who works in marketing and communications, in Saratoga Springs, New York on August 19, 2017. In December 2018, Stefanik and Manda moved to Schuylerville, New York.

Electoral history


Leatherwood, Indiana

Leatherwood is an unincorporated community in Adams Township, Parke County, in the U.S. state of Indiana.

History
A post office was established at Leatherwood in 1880, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1894. The community took its name from nearby Leatherwood Branch creek.

Geography
Leatherwood is located at .


Hathara Denama Soorayo remake

Hatharadenama Soorayo () is a 2008 Sri Lankan Sinhala action romantic film directed and produced by Neil Rupasinghe. The film is a remake of 1971 blockbuster of the same name directed and produced by the same person. With that, the film became the second in the history of film industry in the world that the same Producer and Director did a re-make of the same film after 37 years with the same theme creating a world record. The four protagonist roles are played by stars Buddhika Jayarathne, Roshan Pilapitiya, Jagath Chamila and Amila Abeysekara in lead roles along with Chathurika Peiris and Kanchana Mendis. Music composed by Jayantha Ratnayake. It is the 1101st Sri Lankan film in the Sinhala cinema.

Plot

Cast
 Buddhika Jayaratne as Podde ayya
 Roshan Pilapitiya as Vijay
 Jagath Chamila as Jagiriya aka Jaggi
 Amila Abeysekara as Linton
 Chathurika Peiris as Nilmini
 Kanchana Mendis as Soma
 Chinthaka Kulatunga as Harry
 Duleeka Marapana as Soma's mother, Bath amma
 Chandika Nanayakkara as Police officer
 Tissa Wijesurendra as Mr. Samarasinghe, Nilmini's father
 Nadeeka Gunasekara as Mrs. Samarasinghe, Nilmini's step mother
 Gnananga Gunawardena as Uncle
 Teddy Vidyalankara
 Nadeesha Alahapperuma as Jaggi's fiancee
 Manjula Thilini as Sumana

Soundtrack


New Castle Area Transit Authority

New Castle Area Transit Authority is a public transportation service located in Lawrence County, Pennsylvania. It provides inter-city bus and paratransit service to select communities within the county. Because the region is located within the metropolitan (but not the urban) area of Pittsburgh, service is provided to the downtown area.

Connections can no longer be made to Youngstown's Western Reserve Transit Authority.  The western end point of the New Castle system is on Route 91, on U.S. 422 at the Country Manor Social Hall at the Ohio/Pennsylvania border , about 3 miles from the easternmost point in the WRTA system (Route 32 Wilson-Struthers, U.S. 422 at Struthers-Liberty Road).   The New Castle system formerly served the nearby Lincoln Knolls Plaza and made a direct connection with the WRTA route, but New Castle buses no longer enter Ohio.

Route list
All routes run Monday though Saturday and terminate at the Downtown New Castle transfer center, unless otherwise noted.

1- Highland Avenue/Shenley Square- serves New Castle city
2- North City/Neshannock- serves New Castle city, Neshannock Township (Northwest New Castle)
3- Westgate Plaza/Union- serves New Castle city, Union Township (Oakwood), Westgate & Union Shopping Centers
4- Westside/Mahoningtown- serves New Castle city, Bessemer, Union Township (Mahoningtown)
5- Southside/Moravia Street- serves New Castle city
6- Cascade Park/Lawrence Village- serves New Castle City, Shenango Township, Lawrence Village Shopping Plaza
7- Croton Avenue/Lower Eastside- serves New Castle city, Hickory Township
8- Gaston Park/Upper Eastside- serves New Castle City, Shenango Township
11- Jefferson Street- serves New Castle city
71- Pittsburgh- New Castle city, Shenango Township, Portersville Park & Ride, Evans City Park & Ride to Downtown Pittsburgh (weekdays)
75- New Wilmington/Volant- Volant, New Wilmington, Wilmington Township to New Castle city (Wednesday & Thursday only)
76- New Castle/Ellwood City- Ellwood City, Ellport, Franklin Township to Lawrence Village Plaza, New Castle city, Union Plaza (Monday, Tuesday, & Friday only)
81- Iron Mountain- New Castle city, Hickory Township, Scott Township, Slippery Rock, Slippery Rock Township to Iron Mountain Facility (weekday rush hour)
91- School of Trades/Villa Maria- Pulaski Township (New Bedford), Villa Maria spiritual center, New Castle School of Trades to Union Plaza, New Castle city

Park & Ride Lots (for Pittsburgh Service)
I-79 Exit 83 (Jackson Township)- 75 spaces
I-79 Exit 96 (Portersville)- 79 spaces
Route 422 (Slippery Rock Township)- 40 spaces
New Castle Transit Center- 173 spaces
Transit Authority Offices (New Castle)- 25 spaces


Jianghan University

Jianghan University () is a university in Wuhan, Hubei, China. Its campus is 1.4 km², with an additional 0.5 km² under construction. It lies in the Wuhan Economy and Technology Development Zone by the Lake Sanjiao.

There are ten disciplines in the university: economics, law, education, literature, history, agriculture, science, engineering, medicine, fine arts, design and management. The university offers 42 undergraduate programs. There are about 1,000 full-time teachers, of whom 103 are full professors and about 400 associate professors. The number of full-time students is 15,600.

History
Jianghan University was created as a technical college by the city government of Wuhan in 1981. It started a four-year undergraduate program in 1990s. In 2001, it merged with Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Hankou branch) and Wuhan Worker's Medical College; it later moved to the current campus.

Jianghan University was accredited in October 2001 as a comprehensive university by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China. It was established on the basis of the amalgamation of Jianghan University, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Hankou branch), Wuhan Institute of Education, and Wuhan Workers Medical College.


Triple Live

Triple Live is the second live album released by American country music artist Garth Brooks. The album was recorded during Brooks' 2014–2017 world tour. The album has two mixes: a traditional live mix, which was released in 2019 as part of The Legacy Collection box set, and a 'fan mix', which was released on August 27, 2018 as a free download.

Track listing
This listing was taken from the "fan mix" released on August 27, 2018. It would later appear in Anthology Part III: Live.

Disc one
 "The Thunder Rolls" (Pat Alger, Garth Brooks)  – 4:54
 "That Summer" (Alger, Sandy Mahl, Brooks)  – 4:48
 "Ask Me How I Know" (Mitch Rossell)  – 3:32
 "Fishin' in the Dark" (Wendy Waldman, Jim Photoglo)  – 3:38
 "In Another's Eyes" (Brooks, Bobby Wood, John Peppard)  – 3:47
 featuring Trisha Yearwood
 “All Day Long” (Legacy Collection only)  – 2:26
"Rodeo" (Larry Bastian)  – 3:50
 "Mom" (Wynn Varble, Don Sampson)  – 2:56
 "Papa Loved Mama" (Kim Williams, Brooks)  – 3:03
 "Guy Goin' Nowhere" (Ashley McBryde, Jeremy Bussey)  – 3:39
 recorded in Spokane, Washington

Length- 36:26

Disc two
 "Friends in Low Places (The Long Version)" (Earl "Bud" Lee, DeWayne Blackwell) – 7:16
 recorded at the Pinnacle Bank Arena, Lincoln, Nebraska October 2017
 "Two of a Kind, Workin' on a Full House" (Dennis Robbins, Bobby Boyd, Warren Dale Haynes) – 2:46
 "Unanswered Prayers" (Alger, Bastian, Brooks) – 3:51
 "People Loving People" (busbee, Lee Thomas Miller, Chris Wallin) – 4:07
 "Shameless" (Billy Joel) – 4:19
 "Ain't Goin' Down ('Til the Sun Comes Up)" (Kent Blazy, Williams, Brooks) – 4:47
 "Tacoma" (Caitlyn Smith, Bob DiPiero) – 3:38
 "Standing Outside the Fire" (Jenny Yates, Brooks) – 4:30

Length: - 35:23

Disc three
 "Callin' Baton Rouge" (Dennis Linde) – 3:10  Recorded at Cajundome in Lafayette, Louisiana
 "The River" (Victoria Shaw, Brooks) – 3:41
 "The Beaches of Cheyenne" (Dan Roberts, Brooks) – 4:02
 "The Fireman" (Mack Vickery, Wayne Kemp) – 2:52
 "More Than a Memory" (Lee Brice, Kyle Jacobs, Billy Montana) – 3:19
 "Two Piña Coladas" (Shawn Camp, Benita Hill, Sandy Mason) – 4:04
 recorded at Mercedes-Benz Stadium, Atlanta
 "Whiskey to Wine" (Varble, B. Kennedy, Brooks) – 3:57
 featuring Trisha Yearwood
 recorded at the Ryman Auditorium, Nashville
 "We Shall Be Free" (Brooks, Stephanie Davis) – 3:01
 "The Dance" (Tony Arata) – 5:52
 recorded at Bridgestone Arena, Nashville

Length - 34:13


Fraser Wilson

Fraser Andrew Wilson MBE (born 6 May 1949) is the former British Ambassador to Albania, a post he held from 27 November 2006 until his retirement in 2009.

Wilson previously served in a number of positions for the British government, including as Deputy Consul General in São Paulo and Ambassador to Turkmenistan. He was High Commissioner to the Seychelles before his appointment as Ambassador to Albania in 2006.

He also held several positions at the Foreign & Commonwealth Office in London, including in the Western European Department, Eastern Department, the Diplomatic Service Overseas Inspectorate and the Overseas Territories Department.

Wilson is married with two children.


Albanian Mountain Bandit crisis (1770-1800) (Alb: Krisa e banditeve malore shqiptare) (Turk: Dağlı Eşkıyası) was an Ottoman crisis of raids and highway robberies committed by Albanian irregulars and bandits all over the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Selim III (r. 1789-1807). Many Albanian bandits had been mercenaries and soldiers who served in the Austro-Turkish War (1788–1791) and the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792). After they were discharged, and there fore without payment, they began raiding and enlisting themselves in private armies of local war lords, many of whom were Albanians. Many Albanian highlanders from Dibra desired employment as mercenaries in a period of Ottoman instability. Istanbul received numerous reports of raids being carried out in Macedonia, Bulgaria, Albania, Morea and Greece which resulted in a crisis being declared. Many bandits, mostly Muslim Albanians, were hired by local nobles and beys to protect Orthodox Christian churches and monasteries in Kosovo. The bandit crisis was never confronted as many Ottoman Albanian soldiers hired to stop the bandits simply switched sides and joined the bandits when offered a better pay. The Ottomans also never had total control of the Albanians unless they "threatened" the empire.

Between 1795-1800, Albanian bandits raided regions of Edirne, and in one occasion, noble Mehmed Giray led his troops with the bandits in raids. In 1802, Ali Pasha of Tepelena, elected by Istanbul to get rid of the bandits, sometimes helped them instead. In 1806, the Ottomans began hiring the bandits for the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) thus decreasing the amount of banditry and restoring the order. This forced the Sultan to turn to Kara Mahmud Pasha and Ali Pasha of Yanina for help as they effectively controlled their locals. The crisis is considered to be part of the Age of Revolution (1789-1848) and the causal attributes for the Albanian bandit expansion is believe by scholars to be pastoralism, lack of agriculture and mountainous habitats thus making life difficult for Albanians irregulars.

Background
There were many factors involved in the crisis. Through out the 1770s, local notables were fighting for power which resulted in increased prices and taxes resulting in poverty and many Albanians emigrated in search of work. There was also the plague which spread in Ioannina, Shkodër and Prizren in 1798-99 and 1803–04, noted by the French consul in Durrës. The plague was spread by Albanian brigands and soldiers returning from the Danubian Principalities. In June 1792, the Porte received reports that a number of Albanian bandits were roaming western and central Macedonia creating havoc. A certain Matli Osman, from today's Mat in central Albania, marched to Prilep with 300 Albanians to claim the position of the local military commander. Another bandit was Mulla Yunus, from Peshkopi, and an ally of Matli Osman, arrived too in the city with 2000 Albanians, led by Yasar Bey, Yusuf Bey and Hasan Dora, and demanded to be paid resulting in the local inhabitants fleeing and starving. Another bandit was Orhan bey of Berastan, from Permet, who had 2000 followers, and who complained to Istanbul that his ciftliks had been illegaly seized by an Ismail Bey when Orhan had been at war. There were also a shortage of food which contributed to the situation and in 1800, the Vali of Rumelia hired Albanian highlanders from the north and was shocked when he noted that they "were a little more than naked". The bandits seized the opportunity of the internal turmoil which plagued the Ottoman state at the time, and they raided both Christians and Muslims. Most of the Albanian bandits were sekbans who were hired by "ayans and derebeys" (great families of local notables), which spread the crisis all over the Rumelian provinces. Most bandits were Albanian, according to Frederick F. Anscombe.


Washington Street Shoe District

The Washington Street Shoe District of Haverhill, Massachusetts encompasses a two block section of Washington and Wingate Streets, between Railroad Square and Essex Street, in which there were more than 60 shoe factories established in the late 19th century.  Buildings in the district are predominantly brick with Italianate styling, and are of a modest scale (three or four stories), unlike later shoe factories which resembled textile mills in size and style.  The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.


Museum der Völker

The Museum der Völker in the Austrian Schwaz in the county of Tyrol was founded in 1995 as a cultural association Haus der Völker by Gert Chesi and belongs to the well known Ethnology museums in Europe. After a new construction and remodeling the exhibition operation opened on the 12th of April 2013 as Museum der Völker. Translated the name means museum of the peoples or museum of the tribes.

History
Gert Chesi, photographer, journalist and author, had collected more than a thousand exhibits from all over the world in the period of fifty years. The art objects are the base of the Museum operation and give an insight into the religious and artistic creation of mankind.

Cultural Club
Today the cultural club Museum der Völker runs the museum. Art objects from distant cultures determine the Museum: Stone sculptures of Khmer, Buddha images from many eras, terracotta figures of the Nok, ancestral figures of the Dajak, grave finds from China and old bronzes from South-East Asia are displayed in addition to contemporary Voodoo objects and utensils of animism.

Exhibitions
Artifacts from over a period of four thousand years ethnographic exhibits from four themes will be presented to the public:
Africa
Asia
Archaeology
Afro-American syncretism

Collections
Currently, the collection Chesi / Stadt Schwaz, the Schell Collection, as well as the Lindner collection are displayed at the Museum der Völker.

Special Show
In two rooms, special exhibitions are hosted regularly. These show ethnographic collections and contemporary non-European art to photographic works.
 2010 Schätze aus dem Depot
 2010: Textile Kunst aus Afrika
 2010: Das Erbe Chinas
 2011 Feuer und Erz – Schmiede und Gießer in Afrika
 2011: Afrikas Moderne im Spiegel der Generationen
 2011: Wohnen mit den Ahnen
 2011: Jubiläumsausstellung 15 Jahre Haus der Völker
 2012: Magische Stoffe – gewobene Träume – Kunstvolle Textilien aus Indonesien
 2013: Sangomas – Traditionelle Heiler Südafrikas, Fotografien von Peter Frank
 2013: Geistermasken aus Thailand
 2013: AFRIKA HEUTE!
 2014: Söhne und Töchter des Windes – Die letzten Nomaden Afrikas, Fotografien von Mario Gerth
 2014: Kunst und Magie in Silber und Seide – Schmuck und Textilien chinesischer Bergvölker
 2014: Dogon, Kunst und Mythos in Zusammenarbeit mit Jan Baptist Bedaux
 2015: Tanzende Schatten - Marionetten, Puppen und Masken aus Asien
 2015: Burma - Meisterwerke des Buddhismus
 2015: Susanne Wenger - Ein Leben mit den Götterm
 2015: Zauber der Weltkulturen 20 Jahre Museum der Völker
 2015: Das Gedächtnis der Steine - Seltene Steinreliefs und Figuren aus Asien
 2016: Das Böse - Exponate aus Schwarzmagischen Kreisen
 2016: Yoruba - Meisterwerke einer Afrikanischen Hochkultur, Samstag
 2016: GLADYS - Der Maler und seine Geister - Zeitgenössische Malerei aus Benin
 2016: DAS GEHEIME KAMERUN - Fotografien von Henning Christoph
 2016: AFRIKA IM GEWAND - Bunte Textilvielfalt eines Kontinents
 2016/2017: Indonesien – Kunst und Kult vom Inselreich
 2016/2017: Bali – Insel der Götter
09.09.2017 - 11.03.2018: Leon Pollux "Menschen"
09.09.2017 - 18.11.2018: Zwischen Eigensinn & Anpassung
17.03.2018 - 2019: Unvergessen machen
05.05.2018 - 18.11.2018: Maasai – Baumeisterinnen aus Ololosokwan
22.06.2018 - 18.11.2018: Schulprojekt und Ausstellung "Mein, dein, unser Raum"
08.12.2018 - 18.08.2019: UNGEHEUER WILD

Documentary Film
please refer Gert Chesi

Decoration
1999, the Museum der Völker received the Tyrolean Museum prize

1999 Recognition Award of the Austrian Federal Ministry for Arts and Culture

2014 ICOM Austria, Österreichisches Museumsgütesiegel


Bad Blue Boys

Bad Blue Boys are an ultras group who support the Croatian football club GNK Dinamo Zagreb and Futsal Dinamo.

History

Bad Blue Boys (BBB) were founded on 17 March 1986 in Zagreb, with members from different areas of the city. The name of the group is said to have been inspired by the 1983 film starring Sean Penn, Bad Boys. Their mascot is a bulldog and their official anthem is "Ja volim dinamo" ("I love dinamo"), by the Croatian rock band Pips, Chips & Videoclips. At home matches in Dinamo Zagreb's Maksimir Stadium, the Bad Blue Boys were located behind one goal in the North Stand, but ever since the 2013/14 season, their box is in the East Stand.

Zagreb journalist Andrej Krickovič argued that Bad Blue Boys were at the forefront of the nationalist movement in the country in 1990 and that they had offered their support to Franjo Tuđman (who became the first president of Croatia in the 1990s) in Croatia's first elections. And Saša Podgorelec, a Zagreb film director who made a documentary about the Bad Blue Boys, stated that they were, "conscious enough of their own identity and brave enough to express their wishes for Croatian independence... when others were too frightened to say so." Later on, BBB turned against Franjo Tuđman who pushed for club's name to be changed to NK "Croatia". Tuđman was a frequent visitor of home games and would usually be greeted by stadium officials before the match started. This would always trigger loud whistling and chanting from Bad Blue Boys often forcing Live TV coverage to mute the audio.

In 2008 the group were involved in a controversy over graffiti daubed on the walls of the Zagrebački električni tramvaj building at Remiza, saying, "Death to Journalists, BBB ZG", which appeared on 21 March 2008. The graffiti appeared following the death of a BBB member after a brawl in Ribnjak park. BBB denied any involvement in either the graffiti or other incidents which had occurred, criticising reporters for "agitation and prejudgement" for stating that Dinamo fans were behind the entire matter. Zagreb's mayor Milan Bandić also offered his support to the Bad Blue Boys, claiming they were wrongly accused and that the entire story was false.

In November 2008, BBB fans were praised by the English media for their support at White Hart Lane in London at a UEFA Cup match against Tottenham Hotspur for continuing to loudly support their team, even when they were losing 4-0.  From 11 August 2010 the Bad Blue Boys were boycotting the club's matches due to their dissent with the club's leadership. The boycott ended on 30 August 2011, but remained active for the European matches in the Champions League that season. In 2011, Bad Blue Boys were mentioned in the list of 16 "hardcore hooligan firms, ultras groups we wouldn't want to mess with", compiled by the American sports website Bleacher Report.

Since the beginning of the 10s, they share close relations with Panathinaikos FC , Gate 13.


Flatness (art)

In art criticism of the 1960s and 1970s, flatness described the smoothness and absence of curvature or surface detail of a two-dimensional work of art.  Critic Clement Greenberg believed that flatness, or two-dimensional, was an essential and desirable quality in painting, a criterion which implies rejection of painterliness and impasto.  The valorization of flatness led to a number of art movements, including minimalism and post-painterly abstractionism.

Modernism of the arts happened during the second half of the 19th century and extended into most of the 20th. This period of art is identified by art forms consisting of an image on a flat two-dimensional surface. This art evolution began in the 1860s and culminated 50 years later. By this time almost all three-dimensional works had been eliminated. This new approach to painting was to create a visual appearance of realism. Looking at a surface with only two-dimensions our perception of depth is an illusion. The reduction of depth in painting was the consequence of investigation. This new essence of self-analysis attempted to establish an experience or effect from the viewer of the painting.

The term flatness can be used to describe much of the popular American art work of the 1950s and 1960s. The art of this period had a basic yet colorful design that held a degree of two dimensional form. Thus the term flatness is used to describe this medium. The ground work idea for Minimalism began in Russia in 1913 when Kazimir Malevich placed a black square on a white background claiming that: “Art no longer cares to serve the state and religion it no longer wishes to illustrate the history of manners, it wants to have nothing further to do with the object as such, and believes that it can exist in and for itself without things.”

One of the first Minimalism artworks was created in 1964 by Dan Flavin. He produced a neon sculpture titled Monument for V. Tatlin. This work was a simplistic assembly of neon tubes that were not carved or constructed in any way. The idea was that they were not supposed to symbolize anything but to just merely exist. The Minimalist approach to art was to conceive by the mind before execution. Traditional modes of art composition were looked away from in favor of improvisation, spontaneity and automatism. This new expressionist style consisted of improvised pattern making where every stroke of the brush was viewed as expression and subjective freedom.

This concept inspired a whole new art form called Pop Art. It retained the color scheme and simplicity of Minimalism, but it borrowed images from pop culture to become relatable. The works now in question held a meaning for the viewer with familiar imagery but it still retained the avant-garde approach of Minimalism. Pop Art is a well-recognized movement for 1960s culture. This type of art was very free form fashionable and rebellious. It was wild and colorful but many works retained the idea of two dimensional flatness.

Pop Art fell out of fashion and a new movement came into being. Op Art or Optic Art was now the latest trend in home décor and fashion. This form of modern art shares a strong relationship with the culture thought and design of the 1960s. This new art form focused on non-objective painting that focused on design, color, form, and line. These paintings where hand drawn or created with a mechanical aid. They featured a flat looking two dimensional design that could appear to pop out in an almost three dimensional form. Some pieces look as if they are moving due to shape and line placement creating a trick of the eye. This form of art was created to test the limits of the conscious perception of the viewer.

Bright colors were no longer favored as much of Op Art is black and white with little use of color. The designs presented migrated back to the Minimalist idea of art simply existing and not representing an ideal. A well noted artist of this style is Bridget Riley who shaped the contemporary art scene of the early 50s and 70s. Her works are designed to pull the eye in such a way to stretch and disorder the perceptual sense. She is considered a ground breaking artist in the realm of modern art. Her work mainly consists of detailed line and circle patterns to create an optical challenge for the viewer.

Riley composes her art with the thought in mind; that we all have a narrow view on how we see things and our vision is rarely stretched to new abilities. Her work confronts the observer with new imaginative sensations, and the overall purpose of the artist's disappears and is replaced with what the viewer conceives. This form of art has no clear outlined theme therefore it allows total freedom for one to compose their imagination. Riley's work ignores object and instead focuses on movement to create a seemingly endless pattern. Riley's art appeared in the fashion of that era. Similar patterns still remain popular in clothing today.


Sin noticias de Holanda

Sin noticias de Holanda (in English: No News From Holland) is Spanish pop singer Melendi's début album. It sold over 400,000 albums, and was later reissued with three new songs.

Track listing

 "Mi rumbita pa tus pies"
 "Desde mi ventana"
 "Sé lo que hicistes"
 "Sin noticias de Holanda"
 "Un recuerdo que olvidar"
 "Con la luna llena"
 "Hablando en plata"
 "El informe del forense"
 "Vuelvo a traficar"
 "Una historia de tantas"
 "Contando primaveras"
 "Asturias" (Reissue)
 "Moratalá" (Reissue)
 "Trae pa´ k esa yerba güena"(Reissue)


Shigeru Chiba (baseball)

was a Japanese baseball second baseman who played with the Tokyo Kyojin/Yomiuri Giants from 1938 to 1941, and again from 1946 to 1956. He later managed the Kintetsu Buffalo from 1959 to 1961, and was elected to the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 1980.

External links
Baseball-Reference


B2Gold

B2Gold Corporation is a Canadian public gold-mining company based in Vancouver, British Columbia.  It has five operating mines in Nicaragua, Namibia, Mali, and the Philippines, as well as various development and exploration properties.  It is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, with a market capitalization of approximately $2.3 billion CAD as of September 2018.

History
B2Gold was founded in 2007 by Clive T. Johnson and other former executives at Bema Gold, after that firm's acquisition by Kinross Gold for $3.5 billion.  It initially listed on the Toronto Venture Exchange, raising $100 million in its IPO.  In 2008, it graduated to the Toronto Stock Exchange.  In 2009, it bought Central Sun Mining, thus acquiring the La Libertad mine in Nicaragua.  In 2012, B2Gold bought CGA Mining, an Australian gold miner, for $1.1 billion.  Through this deal, B2Gold acquired the Masbate mine in the Philippines, the largest gold mine in that country.  In 2014, B2Gold acquired Papillon Resources, owner of the Fekola property in Mali, for $570 million. In 2019, the company delivered record annual gold production and gold revenues. This marks B2Gold's 11th consecutive year of record annual consolidated gold production.

Controversy

In 2014, a long-term employee at B2Gold's Masbate mine was killed by a security guard.  The following year, two security guards at the same mine were shot and killed.

B2Gold's operations in Nicaragua have aroused some controversy.  At its La Libertad mine (located in Santo Domingo), B2Gold has compensated and re-located a neighbourhood to exploit a gold lobe underlying it.  Local residents and critics of the company have complained of intimidation.  The company has never bribed politicians or government officials although some individuals claim that, without proof.  Due to community opposition, B2Gold was prevented from developing a deposit in Rancho Grande although the company was subsequently invited back into the community to restart the project.  In 2015, hundreds of miners at B2Gold's El Limon mine protested the sacking of three workers.  After blockading the mine, they engaged in violent clashes with police, leading to one death and 31 injuries.  As a result, B2Gold temporarily closed the mine.

In November 2015, B2Gold executives were in a hotel in Bamako, Mali, when the hotel was attacked by Islamist militants.  The executives were in the country for the ground-breaking ceremony of the Fekola mine, and were eventually saved by Malian military.

Operations
As of December 2017, B2Gold has five operating mines, with a total annual gold production of 631,000 ounces
 Masbate mine in Aroroy, Masbate, the Philippines: 31% of production, the largest gold mine in the Philippines
 Otjikoto mine in Otjozondjupa, Namibia: 30% of production
 Fekola mine in Mali: 18% of production
 La Libertad mine in Chontales, Nicaragua: 13% of production, Nicaragua's largest gold mine
 El Limon mine in Leon, Nicaragua: 8% of production


Jack Lerole

Aaron "Big Voice Jack" Lerole (c. 1940 – 12 March 2003) was a South African singer and penny whistle player. Lerole was a leading performer in the kwela music of 1950s South Africa. Lerole was the bandleader of Elias and His Zig-Zag Jive Flutes, who had an international hit record in 1958 with "Tom Hark". He co-founded the fusion band Mango Groove in 1984, and later collaborated with Dave Matthews Band, a rock band from the United States.

Biography
Lerole grew up in the Alexandra township near Johannesburg, and in his early teens play penny whistle on the street with his brother Elias. David Ramosa and Zeph Nkabinde started playing with them, and to defend themselves from street gang attacks they carried tomahawks.

The tune (which some think was based on a 1927 melody by Herbert Farjeon for "I've danced with a man, who's danced with a girl, who's danced with the Prince of Wales", but the melody is significantly different) was picked up in the UK and used as the theme music for a television program called The Killing Stones. It was released as a single, and rose to number two in the UK Singles Chart in April 1958, eventually selling an estimated three million copies worldwide. It was subsequently covered by various artists including Millie Small in 1964, Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames (also in 1964), and The Piranhas in 1980. In 2009, Lerole's version of the tune was used for the opening credits to Stewart Lee's Comedy Vehicle. The song is also a popular fanfare for English football clubs. Although it introduced South African township music to an international audience, "Tom Hark" was only modestly popular within South Africa, and the musicians received no remuneration from its success.

In 1963 Lerole left the group, and started recording solo as "Big Voice Jack". His breakthrough as a solo performer was the single "Blues Ngaphansi", which made him a national star.  As the mbaqanga style developed, he took up the saxophone in place of the penny whistle, and his popularity was overtaken by younger singers. He continued to record, however, and produced such hits as "Cherry Beat", "Big Voice Jack", "Tully La Fluter" and "Bongo Twang Jive". He flitted from company to company, rejoining his old producer Rupert Bopape now at Gallo Africa's Mavuthela Music Company along the way (for two years - 1966 to 1968). He music career revived in the 1970s, and he toured in a leading role with several South African musical productions. In 1984 he co-founded the group Mango Groove.

In the early 1990s, South African-born producer Chris du Plessis made a documentary film, The Whistlers, about the music. Subsequently, the original members of Alex Black Mambazo reunited to perform in clubs. Brad Holmes, owner of the Bassline club, became their manager, and in 1997 introduced them to South African-born rock star Dave Matthews when he toured the country with his band. Matthews invited Lerole to play at Foxboro Stadium and Giants Stadium during the Dave Matthews Band Summer Tour of 1998. Upon his return, Lerole and his band recorded the album Colours and Moods (1998) at the Bassline. Later that year, director Johnathan Dorfman released his documentary Back to Alexandra, which chronicles Lerole's US tour with Dave Matthews Band, and his return to South Africa.

Lerole died in Soweto of throat cancer in 2003. At the 2004 South African Music Awards, he was posthumously honoured with a lifetime achievement award.


Sebastian Poon

Sebastian Poon Wan-fung (born 30 May 1978), also known as his stage name "Tong Hing", is the guitarist and songwriter of the Hong Kong-based band Sugar Club.

Biography
Sebastian Poon worked as a computer cartographer and guitar teacher before signing WOW Music. In 2007, Sebastian decided to form the band Sugar Club with Kandy Wong, who was introduced by his friend. Later, Sugar Club gained the opportunity to perform at Langham Place The Mall every week, until December, 2010.

In 2008, Sugar Club's performance was admired by WOW Music and they were signed to the record label at the same year. On 30 December 2010, they released their debut album I Love Sugar Club Best.

In 2011, Sebastian proposed to his girlfriend Jessie on the first big concert of Sugar Club, and held their wedding ceremony in April, 2013.

In addition to the songs for Sugar Club, Sebastian also writes songs for other singers including Jason Chan, Dicky Cheung, etc.

Filmography

Television dramas

Films


Edward Murrow Award (Overseas Press Club of America)

The Edward Murrow Award is a journalism award given by the Overseas Press Club of America annually since 1978, for "Best TV interpretation or documentary on international affairs."


Carol Hitchcock

Carol Hitchcock is an Australian singer and actor. She had a top 20 hit on the Kent Music Report Singles Chart with her cover version of "Get Ready" in mid-1987. It also peaked in the top 60 in the United Kingdom and top 50 in New Zealand. In 1985 Hitchcock had acted in the TV series, Prisoner.

Biography

At the age of 14 Carol Hitchcock cut her hair short "a crew-cut. Then I dyed it a million, thousand colours and did anything and everything you could do to your hair. Then I shaved it off. Actually, that was for a modelling job. Being hair less is comfortable. It's no big deal." In August 1987 she reflected, "I would not have called myself a career model; it'd been more a case of having work offered to me." She was also a part-time bouncer for various Melbourne nightclubs, the Club and Inflation. In the 1980s she acted in TV programs, including an appearance in  Prisoner in 1985.

Hitchcock began her music career as a vocalist for Melbourne-based funk band, Bang. Six months later she transferred to another funk group, Cat People. She signed with Mushroom Records in Australia in the mid-1980s. At that time her appearance included a bald head, nose ring and ear piercings. Early in 1987 she was flown to London by Mushroom, where she recorded a cover version of the Temptations' 1969 track, "Get Ready", with United Kingdom producers, Stock Aitken Waterman. The trio had recommended the track for her and she felt that "they were so wonderful to work with."

Michael Wellham of The Canberra Times observed that "Get Ready" was a "Giant dance floor stomper to sing along with, that threatens dire things if you don't get your disco act together. Your little heart will be danced away to a pop tune as polished as the head that sings it. Just what every party needs." She also recorded a cover version of "More Than Words Can Say", a Stock, Aitken, Waterman composition, for its B-side; originally by Mel and Kim on their album, FLM (April 1987). "Get Ready" peaked at No. 18 in Australia, No. 56 in the UK, and No. 47 in New Zealand.

Hitchcock was also part of the backing chorus on a charity record by Ferry Aid, to raise funds for the Zebrugge Ferry Disaster, which covered the Beatles' song "Let It Be" (March 1987). The recording featured Paul McCartney, Kate Bush and Bananarama. The final episode of Countdown aired on 19 July; the compère, Molly Meldrum, interviewed Hitchcock. Her music video for "Get Ready" was also broadcast. In August of that year Hitchcock anticipated working on her second single with Stock, Aitken, Waterman, "I'll just wait to see what happens after this next single. They seem to like me, they've said I'm easy to get along with, and there is talk about an album."

In March 1988 Wellham contrasted Hitchcock's music video for her single with Kylie Minogue's "I Should Be So Lucky" (December 1987) – both are produced by the UK trio – and found "one of their relatively memorable singles was [Hitchcock]'s 'Get Ready'. Her gimmick for that single was her shaven head. The reason that single was memorable was the threatening tone of [her] vocal. On this single, all Kylie has to offer is sweetness. Bad for the teeth, as it grates."

According to Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, "The gutsy singer had made her mark but, unfortunately, there was no follow-up and Hitchcock slipped from view." During the mid-1980s Hitchcock was married to fellow Australian singer, Roger Hart (ex-Little Heroes).


The Great History

The Great History () is a book by ninth-century Islamic scholar Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Bukhari in the field of biographical evaluation.

Overview
Bukhari authored this work when he was 18 years of age. He compiled the names and biographies of many of those who narrated hadith from the time of the Companions until his time. The total number of biographies included is close to 40 thousand, including both men and women, reliable and unreliable narrators. However, al-Hakim enumerated the weak narrators of that total number and they were not more than 126 individuals.

Bukhari also authored two other books of history, al-Tarikh al-Awsat (The Medium History) and al-Tarikh al-Saghir  (The Small History).

Reception
Taj al-Subki praised The Great History, describing it as a book without precedent, to which latter scholars on the subject of names and paidonymics are indebted.


Illah (disambiguation)

Illah is a town in Delta State, Nigeria on the west bank of the River Niger.

Illah may also refer to:

 Al-Mu’id li-Din Illah (died 1030), Yemeni imam
 Illah, Khuzestan, Iran


Ancient underground quarry, Jordan Valley

An ancient underground quarry in the Jordan Valley was discovered in 2009 by University of Haifa archeologists. The quarry is located about 3 miles (5 km) north of Jericho, West Bank.

Description
The cave is located in the desert north of Jericho, 10 metres (40 ft) beneath the surface. It spans more than 1-acre (0.4-hectare) and its main hall is supported by 22 pillars. Various symbols, including Byzantine crosses, a zodiac-like symbol and Roman numerals are engraved upon the pillars. An etched Roman legion's pennant indicates that it was used by the Roman Army. The cave was dug around 2,000 years ago and served as a large quarry during the Roman era. The chamber's run as a quarry likely lasted approximately 400 to 500 years. It may subsequently have been used as a monastery and some believe it may have marked a biblical site which became sacred to ancient Christians. Others, while admitting the possibility that the cave could have been associated with monastic activity, claimed that the etched crosses alone cannot confirm the existence of a church, since they may have been made by random pilgrims which was a common phenomenon at the time.

Dr. Adam Zertal, who led the expedition, contends that the spot may mark the ancient site named Galgala. Referring to the Byzantine era Madaba map, he notes a site called Galgala is depicted next to an inscription that reads "Dodekaliton", which translates as "Twelve Stones". The place is marked at a distance from Jericho that matches the cave's distance from the city. The map shows a church next to Dodekaliton and today the remains of two ancient churches are located near the cave. Zertal suggests that the meaning of "Twelve Stones" relates to the biblical verses that describe the twelve stones that the Children of Israel placed in Gilgal and may be understood as a reference to the quarry that was dug in the place the Byzantines identified as Gilgal.


Lawson A. Scruggs

Lawson Andrew Scruggs (1857–1914) was an early African-American physician in North Carolina. He was active in politics and civil rights. In 1893, he published a noted volume of biographies of African-American Women, Women of Distinction.

Early life
Lawson Scruggs was born a slave in Virginia in 1857 to George W. and Maria W. Scruggs. shortly before the start of the American Civil War (1861–1865). His education was funded by the American Baptist Home Mission Society and earned a medical degree from Leonard Medical School at Shaw University in 1887.

Career
Lawson Andrew Scruggs met Lucie Johnson at Shaw University and they married on 22 February 1888. They were married at St. Mark's Methodist Episcopal Church, New York by Rev. Henry Lyman Morehouse. They moved to Raleigh where his wife joined the Blount Street Baptist Church and other intellectual organisations.

After gaining their medical degrees from Shaw, Scruggs and two of his classmates, J. T. Williams and Manassa Thomas Pope, were denied membership in the North Carolina Medical Association. Together with A. B. Moore, they organized a new society, the Old North State Medical Society. In the late 1890s, Scruggs became attending physician at St. Agnes Hospital in Raleigh, North Carolina. He also served on the faculty at Leonard Medical School. In the late 1890s and early 1900s, violence in North Carolina against blacks intensified, and many blacks emigrated West. Scruggs, Shaw classmates J. T. Williams and Manassa Pope, James H. Young, Samuel Vick, and Henry Cheatham were central in efforts to organize black Republican support for those who remained. In general, Scruggs was politically conservative and sought stability and interracial harmony, a position which occasionally put him at odds with state Republican leader, Daniel Lindsay Russell.

Scruggs was an advocate for African-American Women. In 1893, two separate volumes about African American women, Noted Negro Women by Monroe Alpheus Majors and Women of Distinction by Scruggs, were published in 1893 and represented entries into the genre which did focus on women. Scruggs felt that African-American women were greatly mistreated, and that in order to achieve eminence, it is necessary for an African-American woman to have, "fought a fierce and bloody battle almost every step of her way."


WBLS

WBLS (107.5 MHz) is an urban adult contemporary formatted FM radio station, licensed to New York City. It is currently owned by Mediaco Holding and operated by Emmis Communications under a shared services agreement, along with sister stations WLIB (1190 AM) and WQHT (97.1 FM). The three stations share studios in the Hudson Square neighborhood of Manhattan, and WBLS' transmitter is located at the Empire State Building. It was previously owned by YMF Media LLC, owned jointly by investor Ronald Burkle and Magic Johnson, which had assumed control of WBLS and WLIB's former parent company, Inner City Broadcasting Corporation, on October 19, 2012 at a purchase price of $180 million.

History
The 107.5 frequency in New York City signed on in July 1951 as WEVD-FM, simulcasting its sister station at 1330 AM. Within a few years, WEVD-FM moved to 97.9, and 107.5 went off the air.

Several years later the New Broadcasting Company, then-owners of WLIB, was awarded a construction permit for the dormant frequency and on September 15, 1965 reactivated 107.5 as WLIB-FM.  As the Federal Communications Commission recently instituted a rule prohibiting full-time AM/FM simulcasting in large markets, WLIB-FM was programmed with a Jazz format.  The stations were split up in 1972, when Inner City Broadcasting purchased WLIB (AM); WLIB-FM was then renamed WBLS. Inner City reunited the pair with its purchase of WBLS in 1974.

From 1972 to 1978, WBLS was the flagship station of the Mutual Black Network (Now the American Urban Radio Networks).

As part of the Inner City Broadcasting Corporation stations, Program Director Frankie Crocker held 5% of the radio market in the northeast from 1975 to 1978, only ceding the title of top R&B station to upstart WKTU when that station broke out playing disco and club music in 1979. By 1982 it had fallen to number 3 in the market.

In 1993, Calvin O. Butts III, pastor of Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, led a threat to boycott the station if they played any form of gangsta rap.  Butts' protests culminated in his bulldozing a pile of hip-hop recordings during a rally. In response to the protests, WBLS excised most hip hop music from its air and carefully screened what it did play for content and language.

In 1995, after WRKS was purchased by Emmis Communications and dropped all hip-hop music in favor of a similar adult R&B format, WBLS countered with a controversial advertising campaign labeling WRKS as a "plantation station."  WBLS shortly reverted to urban contemporary, only to exit again in 2004 when WBLS switched to urban adult contemporary.

WBLS acquired WRKS's intellectual property in a merger of the two outlets announced on April 26, with a joint statement on both stations' respective websites. In addition to acquiring WRKS's intellectual property, WBLS and WLIB also moved into Emmis's New York production facility in the West Village section of Manhattan, into studio space vacated by WRKS during the week of May 21, 2012.

During the 2012-13 NBA season, WBLS broadcast selected New York Knicks games in an agreement with WEPN-FM.  These games conflicted with WEPN-FM's coverage of the NFL's New York Jets when both teams were scheduled to play on Sunday afternoons.

On February 11, 2014, Emmis Communications announced it would purchase WBLS and WLIB from YMF Media LLC for $131 million, pending FCC approval. The purchase was consummated on June 10, 2014. On July 1, 2019, Emmis announced that it would sell WBLS and WQHT to the public company Mediaco Holding—an affiliate of Standard General—for $91.5 million and a $5 million promissory note. Emmis will be a shareholder in Mediaco Holding and continue to operate the stations.

Programming

Current

Caribbean Feva with Dahved Levy (1999-present)
Express Yourself with Imhotep Gary Byrd (2009-present)
The Steve Harvey Morning Show (2005-present)

Former

Sunday Classics with Hal Jackson Feat. Clay Berry and Debi B. (1982-2015)
Felix Hernandez's Rhythm Revue (2012-2013)
The Show with Doug E. Fresh (2013-2016)
The Wendy Williams Experience (2001-2009)
DJ Premier's Thunderstorm (1992-1995)


Nostoc thermotolerans

Nostoc thermotolerans was a newly isolated strain of cyanobacteria cultured in Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India as of 2017. In habitat, these cyanobacteria live in macroscopic light blue-green mats found in the crevices of small hillocks. This Nostoc species lives in an extremely hot and dry environment, which the name implies. Thermotolerans (heat - tolerating) (Thermè (heat), tolerans (tolerating)). The environmental temperature ranges from 43ºC (day) to 29 ºC (night) and the average soil pH is 7.3 [1].

Phenotypic characteristics
Nostoc thermotolerans are gram-negative photoautotrophs. Non-motile, barrel-shaped cells that form filaments called trichomes. Trichomes usually consist of 30-150 cells with a combination of vegetative and heterocyte cells. Vegetative cells are carbon fixing cells, which are 3.6 μm in length and 3.4 - 3.8 μm in width. Heterocytes are specialized nitrogen fixing cells, which are 4.7 – 6.0 µm in length and 3.3 - 5.2 µm in width [1].

Novel species characteristics
This strain was able be isolated in lab allowing documentation of morphological and phenotypical analysis. DNA was extracted from culture using Himedia Ultrasensitive Spin Purification Kit (MB505). Sanger method sequencing was used for 16S rRNA gene (1476 bp), rbcl gene, ropC1 gene and niƒD gene sequencing. 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was used for difference in folding patterns. The methods used by Suradkar et al. (2017) suggest statistical difference for new novel strain of Nostoc; Nostoc thermotolerns [1]


Zoltán Bánföldi

Zoltán Bánföldi (born 27 July 1971) is a former Hungarian footballer.

He played for Békéscsabai Előre FC as a midfielder, and finished his career with Vác-Újbuda LTC.


Storage (film)

Storage is a 2009 Australian horror film directed by Michael Craft and starring Saskia Burmeister and Robert Mammone.

It had its world premiere at the 2009 Dungog Film Festival.


César Gaviria Trujillo Airport

César Gaviria Trujillo Airport  is an airport serving the town of Inírida in the Guainía Department of Colombia. The airport is named in honor of César Gaviria Trujillo, a former President of Colombia and  Secretary General of the Organization of American States.

The airport is  east of the town. The Puerto Inirida VOR-DME (Ident: PDA) is located on the field.

Airlines and destinations


Love and Its Opposite

Love and Its Opposite is the third solo studio album by former Everything but the Girl singer Tracey Thorn, released on 17 May 2010. The album was released on Thorn's husband Ben Watt's label Strange Feeling in the UK, and on Merge Records in North America. It was produced by Ewan Pearson, who also produced tracks on Thorn's previous album Out of the Woods. The album peaked at number 51 in the UK Albums Chart.

An EP of remixes, Opposites, was released digitally on 24 August 2010.

Background
Love and Its Opposite was recorded in Berlin and London, and features guest contributions from Hot Chip's Al Doyle, The Invisible's Leo Taylor, Swedish singer-songwriter Jens Lekman, Nashville musician Cortney Tidwell and Los Valentinos' guitarist Jono.  It contains eight original songs and two cover versions: Lee Hazlewood's "Come on Home to Me" (a duet with Jens Lekman) and "You Are a Lover" by The Unbending Trees (with whom Thorn collaborated in 2008).  The album's opening track, "Oh, the Divorces!", was made available as a free digital download on 17 February 2010, along with the confirmation of the album's track list.

Thorn has described the theme of the album as "a record about the person I am now and the people around me ... about real life after forty."

The cover art was designed by John Gilsenan.

Critical reception

At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 77, based on 17 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".

Track listing

Charts