The Substation

The Substation (Chinese: 电力站) is Singapore's first independent contemporary arts centre. It was founded in 1990 by Kuo Pao Kun. The Substation is centrally located in the city's civic district and was the first building under the National Arts Council's "Arts Housing Scheme". It officially opened on 16 September 1990. The Substation is a non-profit organisation and registered Institution of Public Character in Singapore, which relies on financial and in-kind support from the general public, commercial organisations and government ministries to cover the costs of operating and developing arts & educational programmes.

The Substation is committed to nurturing 'local voices' in Singapore arts and culture, and supporting diversity and depth in the arts. It also functions as a multi-cultural arts space with a commitment to raising awareness of Singapore's cultural memories. The Substation presents a wide range of artists and programmes, from traditionally-trained dancers to local rock bands; established visual artists to young poets; publications to international short film festivals; experimental theatre to seminal conferences on Singapore arts and culture. Over the years, The Substation has worked with some of Singapore's most critically acclaimed artists, writers and intellectuals. The Substation also supports proposals and ideas by younger and emerging artists.  The Board is chaired by Chew Kheng Chuan.

Mission

The Substation's mission is to support research and innovation in the arts by nurturing and challenging Singapore artists,
providing an open space for artistic experimentation, promoting interaction between diverse artists and audiences, facilitating critical dialogue in the arts and fostering regional and international arts networks.
TTs an arts space The Substation aims to be approachable, versatile and open to all kinds of arts and cultural practices; yet at the same time challenge artists. The Substation has always had a preference for work that takes risks and explores and aims to support research and innovation in the arts and to bring different artistic perspectives together in critical dialogue. The Substation is committed to supporting depth and diversity in local arts practices through developing long-term relationships, and engaging in intense curatorial and artistic dialogue with artists.

History

The site of The Substation, as its name suggests, was previously a power sub-station. The building dates from 1926. In 1950 the Public Utilities Board added a garden to house outdoor equipment. The sub-station ended its operations in the late 1970s and the building was left vacant.

Throughout the 1980s, there was a consistent and unprecedented increase in government investment in the arts, an emergence of many art activities and capacities initiated by artists and art groups and a dramatic increase of global interest in the arts from Asia and Southeast Asia. Against such a backdrop, the Ministry of Community Development (which then included the arts and culture portfolio) explored ways to develop arts and culture in Singapore in the 1990s. In 1986, dramatist Kuo Pao Kun and Practice Performing Arts sent in a proposal for the conversion of the disused building to an arts center. It was accepted. Also in 1986, the building, together with the adjacent Tao Nan School (now the Peranakan Museum) and the shophouses along Armenian Street (now used by National Heritage Board), were earmarked for conservation under the Urban Redevelopment Authority's Civic and Cultural Master Plan.

In 1989, the MCD officially invited Practice Performing Arts Centre Ltd to manage The Substation and put up funding of $1.07m for the building's renovation. In June 1990, the interior fittings and equipment installation works were undertaken, and The Substation officially opened on 16 September 1990.

In the first five years of The Substation's history, under the visionary artistic direction of founder Kuo Pao Kun, The Substation was a pioneer arts space in Singapore and was a site for experimentation of all the art forms, especially since there were so few spaces for the arts in that period, let alone spaces for the more experimental arts. Any of the artists who worked with The Substation in the early days were attempting things that were unprecedented in the history of modern arts and culture in Singapore. Even as a venue, The Substation had a significance back then that has since been superseded: then, up-and-coming groups like The Necessary Stage (TNS), one of the most prominent arts groups in Singapore today, staged their plays at The Substation’s Guinness Theatre or in the Garden. The Substation’s founding coincided with a burst of activity in Singapore such as the emergence of professional theatre companies, new writing in theatre, and a new generation of visual artists inspired by new practices and ideas promoted by artists and groups such as The Artists Village (TAV).

The first multi-disciplinary, thematic events were held at The Substation. This included The Tree Celebration, which featured installations, mime performances, theatre performances, readings, and Pao Kun's "Memories" seasons, which explored tradition and heritage from a personal point of view, through art. The "Memories" seasons developed into The Substation's annual festival SeptFest which was notable for the seminal arts conferences that brought together artists, critics, cultural commentators, civil society activists, and the public.

The Substation was part of a trend in the Singapore arts scene when "new" things were emerging. From the beginning, The Substation received critical acclaim because it gave instrumental support to independent artists and arts groups like Zai Kuning and Theatre Ox, opening up a space for such practices.The first arts conference held at The Substation in 1993, "Art vs Art" brought together many of Singapore's important artists, academics, critics and arts administrators; members of the public were also key participants in this weekend event. The feeling among those who participated was that this bringing together of such diverse people to discuss the arts and the place of the arts in Singapore society was something new, and that it was a special moment in local arts history.

Under The Substation's second artistic director T. Sasitharan, The Substation entered a more mature phase as an institution as it started the process of institution-building, as its management and financial systems were consolidated, and as the arts scene became more professional and government investment in arts and culture increased. Programs at The Substation were streamlined, international and regional networks expanded, and artists encouraged to develop rigour in their practices and approaches to art. Platforms started under Pao Kun's leadership – Dance Space, Music Space, Raw Theatre – developed into important showcases for new artistic work in Singapore, through artist commissions. The Moving Images film programme was set up in 1997 with the aim of nurturing Singapore – and later, South East Asian – filmmakers and growing a regional film community. During this period, The Substation continued its support for independent artists by setting up an artist-in-residence programme in line with its original mission to persevering and supporting the development of independent artists into their maturity. However, The Substation faced considerable difficulty in supplying financial resources for the resident artists' stipends because what most funding bodies and corporate sponsors wanted to support was a final product not the process of experimentation that was a great part of The Substation's focus.

In line with an increasing global interest in "Asian" contemporary arts, The Substation continues to be crucial for Singapore arts and culture. It functions as an incubator of new artistic work, artistic practices, and artists and as a gathering point for the arts community the public. The Substation continues to be a place where young artists and arts groups can have their start and as a space for critical discussion that allows for experimentation. The next challenge for The Substation is to educate a new, young generation about The Substation and the value of maintaining this open space for diverse voices, languages, opinions, and artistic practices in Singapore.

"Pao Kun once said that 'ideally, The Substation should be anything anyone wants it to be: open and flexible enough to do things his or her own way’. This is an alarming statement that seems to invite chaos! But it also represents an image of The Substation as a civic space, and recognises that civic spaces can be messy. In rule-driven, results-oriented Singapore, The Substation reminds us that we have more than just material needs. The ideal of The Substation — as a public, open space as well as an experimental, contemporary arts centre — is the energy that drives this place. Above all, The Substation is about an ideal of freedom and civic expression, it is egalitarian but also insists on the intrinsic value of the artistic spirit and individualism…”
Audrey Wong, Artistic Co-director of The Substation (2000–2009)

“Unless artists are capable of grappling with the full and unmitigated force of the complications of history, the dilemmas of modernity, the complexities of life as it is lived collectively by men, women and children, they will never be capable of making great art … There can be no great art, no living culture, without great lives, at least lives lived not just expansively but also more deeply.”
T. Sasitharan, Artistic Director of The Substation (1995–2000)

Location

The Substation is located on 45 Armenian Street, Singapore, in the heart of the civic district. Its nearest MRT stations are City Hall, Bras Basah and Clarke Quay stations. The site of The Substation was a previously power sub-station until the 1970s. The building dates from 1926.

Facilities

The Substation's venues include a black box theatre, a gallery, a dance studio, Random Room and two multi-function classrooms.

Box office

The Substation Box Office is located at the ground floor foyer of The Substation. Aside from being the official ticketing office for The Substation's events and Gatecrash's sole bricks & mortar ticketing outlet, it also acts as a reception front and collateral centre providing information to visitors. The Box Office also serves as the registration desk for courses held at The Substation. A collection of books, postcards and T-shirts are also available for purchase from the Box Office.

Theatre
The Substation Theatre is a flexible black-box performance space. It has a seating capacity for 120 people, with 108 retractable seats, and can accommodate 200 people standing comfortably. It hosts both high-profile, and small independent arts events, ranging from the Singapore Short Film Awards to gigs by local musicians, and performances by numerous local and international performing artists.

Gallery

The Substation Gallery measures 113 square metres and can comfortably hold 100 people for a standing reception. It displays contemporary visual, performance and sound art.

Dance Studio

The Substation's Dance Studio is 135 square metres (13.5m x 10.5m and has a maximum capacity of 40 people and is used for rehearsals, small performances and classes like Yoga, Capoeira, Aikido and Contemporary Dance.

Classrooms
The Substation has two classrooms on the second floor. Each classroom is 30 square meters (6m x 6m) and can comfortably accommodate 20 seated people. They are suitable for meetings, classes, talks, and intimate performances.

Garden

In the early 1990s, many young musicians started out by playing in The Substation Garden. The Garden was a haven for local bands, especially indie, rock and metal bands whose brand of "loud" music was not always appreciated by the mainstream back then. The first 24-Hour Round the Clock at The Sub Music Festival was held on 31 Dec 1990 in the Garden and the Substation's "countdown gigs" have gone down in the annals of local music as legendary events.

The Garden was also home to a wide range of performances. Among the notable ones were Pao Kun's The Tree Celebration and The Silly Little Girl and The Funny Old Tree. Other memorable "outdoor" plays staged include "The Mahabharata Part I: The Game of Dice", presented in 1995 by William Teo and his company Asia-in-Theatre Research Centre. The Necessary Stage ("Blue Remembered Hills"), Priyalatha Arun ("Marudhy"), Khairuddin Hori/ Naga Naga ("Wailol"), and World-in-Theatre ("Ramayana, The Royal Hunt of the Sun") also staged productions in the Garden.

Today, many groups prefer to use The Substation Theatre rather the Garden for various reasons, including not having to worry about the possibility of rain. The Substation Garden is now used by Timbre Bar and Bistro.

Programmes

The Substation hosts and co-hosts a large number of programmes, courses and events in its premises.  The Substation holds events that are designed, curated and presented by The Substation or other organisations without any curatorial or artistic assistance from The Substation. The latter type of events may qualify for rental subsidies, as part of The Substation's mission to support the arts.

This section highlights some of The Substation's core programmes.

Moving Images

The Substation's Moving Images is Singapore's first year-round programme dedicated exclusively to independent and short films. Established in 1997, Moving Images is known for its diverse and innovative programming focusing on experimental films, shorts, and documentaries, nurturing local and Asian filmmakers and connecting them internationally by giving them learning opportunities, exposure and dialogue with peers. The Singapore Short Film Awards and the Experimental Film Forum were first hosted in 2010, while the Singapore Indie Doc Fest and First Take were first launched in 2004.

Open call // Visual, performance and sound art
The Substation Open Call was first initiated in 2008 as a visual arts platform to support and realise strong artistic, critical and rigorous visual arts proposals. Open Call serves as a platform for showcasing the work of emerging artists in the local contemporary art scene and for identifying and supporting the work of promising artistic talents. In 2010, Open Call expanded to include an incubation programme for performance art. The Substation introduced a sound art component in 2011.

Music
The Substation started to develop its music programming in 2010. The Tribal Gathering music programme was initiated with the series Tribal Gathering of Tongue Tasters, hosted monthly in alternate quarters, which brings together sound, visual and performance art. The first Tribal Gathering of Jaw Benders, an annual music festival, was held at the end of 2011.

Literary art
Literary Art at The Substation has included events which debate and discuss novels, plays, and art criticism. The Substation's Love Letters postcard project was initiated in 2009, and is ongoing. It brings together a large number of writers of different ethnic, sexual and linguistic backgrounds to write poems around the theme of love, loss and longing. The Substation has also commissioned and published a number of publications, including works of fiction. The latest novel, Several Islands, was published in 2011.

Associate artist research programme
The Substation's Associate Artist Research Programme (AARP) is a two-year residency programme where selected art practitioners are provided with curatorial, financial, administrative and operational support to develop individual interdisciplinary art research and practice at The Substation. The programme replaces the previous Associate Artist Scheme first initiated in early 2002, an in-house artist-incubation programme that included Tan Pin Pin, Royston Tan, Zai Kuning and George Chua as Associate Artists.

The Associate Artist Research Programme aims to support and promote critical and sustainable research, development and discourse in contemporary art and interdisciplinary practice in Singapore. For the inaugural cycle (2011–2013), The Substation has invited Bani Haykal, Grace Tan (kwodrent), Ming Poon, and vertical submarine to be The Substation's Associate Artists. Throughout the two-year residency, each artist will present performances-lectures, workshops, exhibitions and performances during different stages of the research.

The programme is supported by The National Arts Council of SIngapore and the Lee Foundation.

SeptFest
The Substation celebrates its anniversary annually on 16 September. The SeptFest arts festival was created as a month-long celebration of performance, visual, sound, filmic and literary art. Traditionally, the Open Call events are staged during this period, and are often accompanied by specially commissioned events, conferences, seminars, exhibitions and parties.

Learn*

Learn* consists of four individual public education and arts appreciation programmes available to Primary and Secondary schools. The programmes aim to instill and nurture critical thinking and creativity in young minds. The four programmes – Contemporary Theatre and Performance, Contemporary Visual Arts, Journey Towards Contemporary Art: Learning and Understanding, and Urban Artology – Reassessing Street Art – were specifically designed to expose and instill a greater awareness of the history, development and artistic techniques of contemporary art forms, while emphasising local artists and art practices.

Courses and workshops

The Substation also holds a wide variety of courses and workshops on its premises.

Queer activities

The Substation has been at the forefront of queer-rights activities since the early 1990s. People Like Us (abbreviation: P.L.U.) was a pioneering gay-activist group that began as a small discussion group in 1993. Its main objective was to build a sense of gay-consciousness in Singapore and the group held monthly forums and meetings at The Substation on Sundays. Many who came to the forum half-expected to be arrested, as individuals from the Internal Security Department and the police had questioned the group’s organisers and attendees about the nature of the meetings.  After a gestation of three years, the book People Like Us: Sexual Minorities in Singapore (ed. Joseph Lo and Huang Guoqin; Select Publishing) was launched by P.L.U. at Select Books in March 2003, featuring papers presented at two closed-door forums that Joseph Lo organised in 1999 at The Substation. The book also contained essays contributed by others on diverse topics, such as the representation of homosexuality in theatre, gay interracial relationships, and Christianity. The 1990s was a tense time for gay-activism in Singapore, and The Substation played an important part in its development through the work of P.L.U.. Since then, The Substation has also helped to host the yearly Short Circuit  queer film-screening, featuring works by gay filmmakers from Singapore. Held once every year since 2007, the most recent segment of Short Circuit took place on 6 Jan 2012 at The Substation Theatre, organised by filmmakers He Shuming and Boo Junfeng. The event was completely sold out.


Słaboszowice

Słaboszowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Sędziszów, within Jędrzejów County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Sędziszów,  south-west of Jędrzejów, and  south-west of the regional capital Kielce.

The village has a population of 150.


Ha-201-class submarine

The  were a class of small submarines designed for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN). They were first deployed in 1945, but never saw combat. The Ha-201's were designed from the outset to have high under water speed and were based on the earlier Submarine No.71 prototype. The official designation of the submarine was . The type name, was shortened to .

Construction
At the end of 1944 the IJN decided it needed large numbers of high-speed coastal submarines in preparation for the allied Operation Downfall. 79 boats were planned under the Maru Sen Programme (Boat #4911-4989), however only 9 boats were completed by the end of war. The Japanese navy planned to prefabricate large sections of the boats, then finish the boats in the slipway. This was ambitious considering the allied bombing campaign that was disrupting Japanese production. These submarines displayed many of the same advanced ideas implemented on the German Type XXI and Type XXIII submarines.

Boats

Footnotes


Veronza Bowers Jr.

Veronza Leon Bowers Jr. is an inmate at the United States Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia. He is a former member of the Black Panther Party, and was sentenced to life imprisonment on the charge of first degree murder of U.S. park ranger Kenneth Patrick at Point Reyes National Seashore in 1973, but he was eligible for mandatory parole after 30 years.

In February 2005, 10 months after he served 30 years in prison, his parole was postponed in order to give the victim's relatives a chance to express their opposition at a new parole hearing. Bowers was denied parole in December 2005.


Edie (Ciao Baby)

"Edie (Ciao Baby)" is a hard rock song by English band The Cult. It appeared on their fourth studio album Sonic Temple in 1989.  It was also released as the second single from that album in 1989. A promotional video was also created. An acoustic version of the song was released in 2000 on the compilation album The Best of Rare Cult. The main release version appears on the Pure Cult albums.

One of the group's best known tracks, its single cover features the iconic image from the Ciao! Manhattan film poster.

7" Track listing
 "Edie (Ciao Baby)" [single edit]
 "Bleeding Heart Graffiti"

Song meaning
The Edie in the song is Edie Sedgwick, one of Andy Warhol's actresses.

According to a 1989 interview with vocalist/lyricist Ian Astbury:
"'Edie' [the song] was inspired when I was in New York City when we were recording the Electric album. I have several friends there involved in the fashion industry, and one in particular turned me on to a movie called Ciao Manhattan!. I became extremely interested in the Velvet Underground and the Warhol period." .

Single cover
The cover of the single features the iconic Ciao! Manhattan photo, used on the avant-garde movie's poster.

Charts


Oliver Leese

Lieutenant General Sir Oliver William Hargreaves Leese, 3rd Baronet,  (27 October 1894 – 22 January 1978) was a senior British Army officer who saw distinguished active service during both the world wars. He is most notable during the Second World War for commanding XXX Corps in North Africa and Sicily, serving under General Sir Bernard Montgomery, before going on to command the Eighth Army in the Italian Campaign throughout most of 1944.

Early life and First World War
Oliver William Hargreaves Leese was born on 27 October 1894 at St. Ermin's, Westminster, London, the first of four children of William Hargreaves Leese (later 2nd Baronet), a barrister, and Violet Mary Sandeman. He was educated at Ludgrove and Eton. In 1909, while at Eton, he joined the Officers' Training Corps (OTC).

Early in the First World War, he joined the British Army and was gazetted in the Special Reserve of Officers as a second lieutenant into the Coldstream Guards on 15 September 1914, later gazetted in the Land Forces on 15 May 1915. Despite receiving only five weeks of training, Leese was sent to France in mid-October 1914 and was posted to the 3rd Battalion, Coldstream Guards, part of the 4th (Guards) Brigade of the 2nd Division, near Ypres, Belgium. However, on 20 October, a week before Leese's 20th birthday, he was wounded, the first of three he was to receive during the war, after being hit in the back by shrapnel.

He returned to England for treatment, and in 1915 returned to France, serving this time with the 2nd Battalion, Coldstream Guards, also part of the 4th Brigade, 2nd Division, where he experienced trench warfare throughout most of the year, in July gaining a second wound, receiving multiple wounds to the face, but he remained on duty. In September his battalion, now transferred to the 1st Guards Brigade of the newly created Guards Division, fought in the Battle of Loos and, on 3 October, Leese was promoted to lieutenant. The next few months were spent holding the trenches, with no major engagements taking place.

Leese was wounded for the third time during the Somme offensive in September 1916, an action in which he was mentioned in despatches and awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). The citation to his DSO, which was gazetted in November 1916, read:

Between the wars
After the war, he remained in the British Army, being promoted captain in 1921, and attending the Staff College, Camberley from 1927 to 1928. Among his many fellow students in the junior division there were a large number of future general officers, such as Robert Bridgeman, Eric Hayes, Angus Collier, Evelyn Barker, Philip Christison, Ronald Penney, Stephen Irwin, Eric Dorman-Smith, Reginald Savory, William Bishop, John Whiteley, George Surtees, Wilfred Lloyd, Stanley Kirby, John Hawkesworth, Charles Norman, Colin Jardine, Edmund Beard, Clement West, Christopher Woolner, Alfred Curtis, Oliver Edgcumbe and Eric Nares. Returning briefly to his battalion after graduation, in November 1929 he was appointed as brigade major to the 1st Infantry Brigade (Guards) and was formally promoted to major a few days later. He was promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel in July 1933.

On 18 January 1933 Leese married a granddaughter of Sir Baldwyn Leighton, 8th Baronet, Margaret Alice (died 1964), daughter of Cuthbert Leighton (recte Leicester-Warren), DL, JP, (1877–1954), of Tabley House, Knutsford, by Hilda Margaret Davenport; they had no children. Lady Leese's brother was the last of the line to own the Tabley estate which he left on his death in 1975 to the National Trust.

From 1932 to 1938 Leese held a number of staff appointments and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in December 1936, brevet colonel in September 1938 and colonel in October 1938. In September 1938 he was posted to India to be a GSO1 instructor at the Staff College, Quetta. He had succeeded to the baronetcy on his father's death on 17 January 1937.

Second World War

France and Belgium
Leese returned to England from India in March 1940, six months after the outbreak of the Second World War. It had been planned for him to command a brigade in Norway but with the German Army's invasion of Western Europe in May, he was sent to join General Lord Gort's headquarters as Deputy Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF). He evacuated from Dunkirk with Gort on 31 May.

On his return to the United Kingdom Leese was ordered to form and train a large brigade group, the 29th Infantry Brigade. In December 1940 he was appointed acting major general and given command of the West Sussex County Division, which included the 29th Brigade. A month later he was moved to become General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division, then stationed in East Anglia. His rank was upgraded to temporary major general in November and was made substantive in December. In June 1941 he became GOC of the newly created Guards Armoured Division during its formation and training. "A forceful personality, Leese proved extremely energetic in getting what he wanted from the War Office and then drove his men hard to create a thoroughly well organised division within a relatively short time".

North Africa and Sicily

In September 1942 he was sent at the request of the British Eighth Army commander, Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery, to North Africa to assume command, as an acting lieutenant general, of the Eighth Army's XXX Corps. Montgomery had formed a good opinion of Leese when he had instructed him at the Staff College, Camberley in 1927 and 1928 and had also been impressed by his work at GHQ in France. Leese commanded XXX Corps for the rest of the campaign which ended with the Axis surrender in May 1943 in Tunisia. He was mentioned in despatches for his services in North Africa. XXX Corps then took part in the Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943 before returning to the United Kingdom after the Sicily campaign, which ended in August, to prepare for the planned invasion of Northwest Europe, scheduled for the spring of 1944. Leese was promoted to temporary lieutenant general in September.

Italy

On 24 December 1943, however, Leese received a telegram ordering him to Italy to succeed Montgomery as Eighth Army commander as Montgomery was to return to the United Kingdom in January 1944 to prepare for the Allied invasion of Normandy. Leese commanded the Eighth Army at the fourth and final battle of Monte Cassino in May 1944 (when the bulk of the Eighth Army was switched in secret from the Adriatic coast to Cassino to strike a joint blow with the U.S. Fifth Army under Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark, who Leese disliked working alongside) and for Operation Olive on the Gothic Line later in 1944. His rank of lieutenant general was made permanent in July 1944.

Burma and the Far East
In September 1944 he was appointed to succeed George Giffard as the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) of Eleventh Army Group and assumed command in November, by which time the Army Group had been renamed Allied Land Forces, South-East Asia (ALFSEA). Leese was replaced as commander of the British Eighth Army by Lieutenant General Sir Richard McCreery. Leese viewed the existing command structure in South-East Asia as inefficient, and proceeded to appoint former members of his Eighth Army staff. The methods of the two staffs differed and the newcomers were resented. As Slim expressed it in his memoirs, "His staff, which he brought with him... had a good deal of desert sand in its shoes, and was rather inclined to thrust Eighth Army down our throats." Leese commanded three groups: the Northern Combat Area Command under his American subordinate, Lieutenant General Dan Sultan, the Fourteenth Army under Lieutenant General Sir William Slim in central Burma and further south in the Arakan, Indian XV Corps under Lieutenant General Philip Christison, his Staff College classmate. Until the end of the year, he fought a successful campaign which led to the capture of Rangoon by an amphibious landing (Operation Dracula) in early May 1945.

Slim had turned the Fourteenth Army into an effective military force and had commanded a highly successful campaign from the relief of Imphal to the recapture of Rangoon and the destruction of the Japanese forces in Burma. Leese believed that Slim was very tired (he had asked for leave once Rangoon had been taken) and proposed to the Supreme Commander South East Asia, Louis Mountbatten and the Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, that he should be replaced by Philip Christison, who had experience in amphibious warfare and so would be well suited to leading the army in the planned seaborne landings in Malaya, leaving Slim to take over the new Twelfth Army, with the less demanding task of mopping up in Burma. Leese misread the reactions of Brooke and Mountbatten and having then met Slim to discuss the proposals, came away believing Slim had agreed to them. In fact, Slim reacted by telling his staff he had been sacked and wrote to Leese and General Sir Claude Auchinleck, the Commander-in-Chief India, to say he would refuse the new post and resign from the army in protest. Once the news circulated within the Fourteenth Army, mutinies and mass resignations of officers were threatened. Leese was obliged to reinstate Slim when Mountbatten refused to support him, even though he had authorised the original proposals. Mountbatten subsequently approached Alan Brooke (who had always doubted Leese's suitability for the role) and they agreed that Leese should be removed. He was succeeded by Slim.

Post-war
None of the protagonists in the Slim affair show up well in retrospect. Richard Mead in Churchill's Lions suggests that Leese was naive, Slim petulant and Mountbatten devious. Leese's career suffered and he returned to the United Kingdom to be GOC-in-C Eastern Command, a significant downward move, having been one of only three army group commanders in the British Army. His promotion to full general is believed to have been blocked by Mountbatten and he retired from the army in January 1947. Leese became a noted horticulturist, writing books on cacti and keeping a well noted garden at his house, Lower Hall in Worfield, Shropshire. Although a keen cricketer, he had only modest success as a batsman in the 1914 Eton XI and was relegated to 12th man for that year's Eton v Harrow match but was President of the Marylebone Cricket Club in 1965. He served as High Sheriff of Shropshire in 1958. Leese was a guest on the April 10, 1960, What's My Line? game show. Following amputation of his right leg in 1973, Leese moved into Wales into a house called Dolwen at Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant, near Oswestry. He died there after a heart attack on 22 January 1978, aged 83 and was buried at Worfield parish church.


Mount Work

Mount Work is a  mountain in the Gowlland Range on southern Vancouver Island. It is located within Mount Work Regional Park in the District of Highlands, near Gowlland Tod Provincial Park and Goldstream Provincial Park,  northwest of Victoria.


Herndon, Kentucky

Herndon is an unincorporated community located in Christian County, Kentucky, United States. It is concentrated around the intersection of Kentucky Route 107 and Kentucky Route 117, southwest of Hopkinsville.  It has a post office with zip code 42236.

History
Herndon had its start when the railroad was extended to that point. The community has the name of Capt. Tom Herndon, a local merchant. A post office has been in operation at Herndon since 1886.


Kango people

The Kango (Bakango), also known as the Batchua and Mbuti-Sua, are an Mbuti pygmy people of the Ituri forest. They speak a Bantu language, Bila, apparently in two dialects, northern Sua and southern Kango.

They are in a patron–vassal relationship with several Bantu-speaking peoples, the Bila, Budu, Ndaka, Bombo, Liko, and Baali; two Sudanic peoples, the Lese and Luumbi, and the Ubangian Mayogo.

They may be the Wochua people described in the 19th century.


Noticiana

The Noticiana is a breed of domestic sheep indigenous to the inland parts of the province of Syracuse, in south-eastern Sicily, Italy. Its name derives from that of the town and comune of Noto. It is raised in the province of Syracuse and in neighbouring parts of that of Ragusa. It is a southern Mediterranean breed, and derives from the Comisana.

The Noticiana is one of the forty-two autochthonous local sheep breeds of limited distribution for which a herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, the Italian national association of sheep-breeders. However the herdbook is apparently empty and none have been reported for many years. The numbers and conservation status of the breed are unknown.

The milk yield of the Noticiana averages 35 litres in 100 days for primiparous ewes, and 80 l in 200 days for pluriparous ones. The milk is used to make the regional cheeses of the Val di Noto area, fresh and peppered pecorino, and ricotta.


Manuel Gulde

Manuel Gulde (born 12 February 1991) is a German professional footballer who plays for SC Freiburg, as a defender.

For the 2012–13 campaign he joined SC Paderborn 07 on a one-year contract with an option for another year.

In May 2016, Guide signed with SC Freiburg for the forthcoming 2016–2017 season.

International career
Gulde is a youth international for Germany.

Career statistics


Word Rescue

Word Rescue is an educational platform DOS game written by Karen Crowther (Chun) of Redwood Games and released by Apogee Software in March, 1992. It was re-released in 2015 for Steam with support for Windows and Mac OS. The game can also allow the player interact with a pair of Stereoscopic Vision Glasses.

Like many Apogee games of the time, Word Rescue includes 3 episodes, with only the first episode playable in the shareware version.

Episode 1 - Visit Gruzzleville and the Castle
Episode 2 - Explore GruzzleBad Caverns
Episode 3 - See the spooky Haunted House

Apogee still sells the registered version of this game.

The game is followed by Word Rescue Plus.

Plot
The story centers on creatures called "The Gruzzles". Because the Gruzzles cannot read, they steal words out of books, preventing others from reading as well. Playing as a boy or girl, the player must help Benny Bookworm take back all the stolen words and match them with their meanings so he may put them back in the books.

Gameplay
The player moves around the screen in a platform shooter style environment. He/she tries to match words with their corresponding pictures, located randomly in the level. In addition, the player must avoid both Gruzzles and dangers. Touching them will result in having to start the level over. Once all 7 words are matched, Benny Bookworm magically turns the player's collected words into a key, which is used to open the door in the level which takes the player to the next level.

If the player matches a word with the wrong picture, a "Gruzzle" appears. To deal with a Gruzzle the player must press the Space bar to order Benny the Bookworm to pour slime on it. The player only has a limited supply of slime but slime can be replenished by collecting slime buckets or completing the mystery word.

One word from the level is randomly chosen at the beginning of each level to be the mystery word, and the letters of that word are placed in a random order around the level, despite the fact that they are in the same places every time. If the player completes the word by collecting the letters of that word in order, bonus points and full slime are awarded. Bonus points can also be earned by collecting books, sliming Gruzzles and matching words with their pictures.

Depending on the difficulty level, there are also a set number of Gruzzles on each level. The Easy difficulty is easy for young players, as there is only one predetermined Gruzzle in the level. The Hard difficulty, however, often has as many or more Gruzzles as there are words to find and 20 books must be collected to reveal the mystery word. This makes the game challenging even for adults.

Reception

Computer Gaming World called Word Rescue and Math Rescue "excellent choices for younger children ... though us older 'kids' will still find them entertaining. They are difficult to keep playing".


Soundtrack of My Life

Soundtrack of My Life is the fourth solo album by American singer-songwriter Nick Lachey, released on November 11, 2014. The album is a collection of cover versions that were featured on movie soundtracks.

Track listing
In Your Eyes - 4:15
Falling Slowly - 3:21
Here With Me - 4:17
Iris - 3:22
Angel - 3:26
Streets of Philadelphia - 3:43
I Don't Want to Miss a Thing - 3:38
When You Say Nothing at All - 4:06
What a Wonderful World - 3:29
Where Are You, Christmas? - 3:38


Bago Region Government

Bago Region Government is the cabinet of Bago Region, Myanmar. The cabinet is led by chief minister, Win Thein.

Cabinet (April 2016–present)


Nalli, Sattur

Nalli is one of the village of sattur taluk, India. it is located 18 km from  sattur - Kovilpatti National Highway and 1.6 km from left. It has population of approximate 2000. It has famous temple Singamadi Ayyanar Kovil located at Nalli reservoir(kanmai). The festival of Masi Maha Shivaratri attracts many devotees from Tamil Nadu. Beside, Nalli has Muppidathi Amman Kovil, Kaalasamy kovil, Malkammal Kovil, Pathinettampadi Karuppasamy Temple, Sekkadi SelvaVinayagar Kovil,  Subbuthayammal Kovil, Muniyasamy Temple and more temples. Many occupations in the village are Agriculture and Textiles. It has one panchayat primary school and one Government Higher Secondary School with Govt Hostel(Adhithiravida nala thurai). It also has few operational branches of Bank of India, Post Office and Co-operate Bank.


David Hoey (window dresser)

David Hoey is an American window dresser and the senior director for visual presentation at Bergdorf Goodman famed for his work for the aforementioned high end New York City specialty store.  in 2010 his work along with that of his predecessor and current store vice-president Linda Fargo entitled "Windows at Bergdorf Goodman" became the subject of a book published by Assouline, which retailed for $550.

For the holiday windows  production at Bergdorfs' he oversees a staff of over one hundred to design the entire spectacular.  Hoey appears in the 2013 biopic about the store Scatter My Ashes at Bergdorf's.


Chandrasekhar's variational principle

In astrophysics, Chandrasekhar's variational principle provides the stability criterion for a static barotropic star, subjected to radial perturbation, named after the Indian American astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.

StatementChandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan. Hydrodynamic and hydromagnetic stability. Courier Corporation, 2013.

A baratropic star with  and  is stable if the quantity

is non-negative for all real functions  that conserve the total mass of the star .

where
 is the coordinate system fixed to the center of the star
 is the radius of the star
 is the volume of the star
 is the unperturbed density
 is the small perturbed density such that in the perturbed state, the total density is
 is the self-gravitating potential from Newton's law of gravity
 is the Gravitational constant


Edwin McArthur

Edwin McArthur (24 September 190724 February 1987) was an American classical music conductor, pianist and accompanist. From 1935 until his retirement in 1955 he was the usual accompanist of the Norwegian soprano Kirsten Flagstad.

Life and career
McArthur was born in Denver, Colorado and, having begun work as a professional pianist, studied piano at the Juilliard School and moved to New York as a music teacher and organist. He was married to his wife Blanche in 1930. He applied for a post to play for Flagstad soon after her debut at the Metropolitan Opera (which took place on 2 February 1935) and she chose him for her accompanist for her tour of that year. She encouraged him to study with her the repertoire of Scandinavian songs, especially those of Edvard Grieg.  It was his custom to play accompaniments from memory.

He made his conducting debut during an Australian tour with her, in Sydney in 1938. In 1941, he became possibly the first American-born conductor to lead a work at the Metropolitan Opera House, conducting Flagstad and Lauritz Melchior in Tristan und Isolde. His readings were considered lyrical and expressive, and Flagstad insisted that he should direct performances wherever she went. McArthur championed American songs, and Flagstad recorded two of his own - Night and We Have Turned Again Home - in the early 1950s. He remained her conductor right through to her retirement in 1955, persuading her to make final appearances in Wagnerian scenes at her farewell concert at Carnegie Hall on 20 March 1955, for the benefit of the Symphony of the Air. He wrote a memoir of his work with Flagstad, published in 1960.

In 1946-47 he was connected with revivals of Sweethearts and Show Boat on Broadway. He was also associated with the singers Ezio Pinza and John Charles Thomas. He was for 23 years music director of the St. Louis Municipal Opera. He conducted the Harrisburg (Pa.) Symphony 1950-1974, and from 1967 to 1972 he was director of the Eastman School of Music opera department. In 1976 he conducted Wagner's Die Walküre at the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples. He coached privately in later years; Hildegard Behrens studied with him before singing Brünnhilde in Wagner's Ring cycle.

Edwin McArthur died in 1987, survived by his wife.

His rumoured identity as Cosmé McMoon, the accompanist for Florence Foster Jenkins, was revealed in a 1991 radio interview. This gossip has been disproved by a number of sources, including Cosmé McMoon's living family and the New York Times's obituaries for both men.

Writing
E. McArthur, Flagstad: A Personal Memoir (Alfred A. Knopf, New York 1965, reprint 1980)

Notes

Sources
 T. Page, Edwin McArthur, conductor and accompanist, dies at 79. (New York Times, 25 February 1987).
 N. Douglas, Kirsten Flagstad in Song (disc liner), (Nimbus Prima Voce NI 7871.)

External links
Interview with Edwin McArthur by Bruce Duffie, April 14, 1985


Mi ex me tiene ganas

Mi ex me tiene ganas (English title: My Ex Wants Me) is a Venezuelan telenovela written by Martín Hahn and produced by Venevisión in 2012.

Daniela Alvarado and Luciano D'Alessandro star as the protagonists with Norkys Batista, Lilibeth Morillo, Winston Vallenilla and Jonathan Montenegro starring as co-protagonists while Guillermo Garcia, Carlos Montilla, Miguel Ferrari and Eileen Abad as antagonists.

On May 16, 2012, Venevisión started broadcasting Mi ex me tiene ganas weeknights at 9:00 pm, replacing El árbol de Gabriel. The last episode was broadcast on December 5, 2012. Production of Mi ex me tiene ganas began on February 9, 2012 in Caracas. Promos began airing on Venevisión from April 8, 2012. The theme song of the telenovela Amor de mis amores is written and sung by co-star Lilibeth Morillo.

The premiere episode in Venezuela obtained an audience share of 52%.

Plot
Pilar, Soledad and Miranda are three friends whose lives are about to change when they happen to meet their ex-boyfriends.

Pilar meets Alonso Prada, her former boyfriend who abandoned her years ago and has now become a successful professional. Miranda is a model that meets her former husband. Now married to the billionaire Kevin Miller, Miranda yearns for a child, but her husband, who already has 2 daughters from a previous marriage, does not want any more children. Therefore, she toys with the idea of using her ex-husband Spartacus  to be able to get a baby. Soledad is a divorced woman and make-up artist who still lives with her ex-husband so that she can be able to provide for her two daughters. She finally sees an opportunity of happiness when she meets her former lover Pablo Naranjo who has become a male underwear model.

These three women who have encountered men who made them unhappy in the past, now see new chances of happiness. However, the strange disappearance of socialite Antonia Paris leads to the appearance of a mysterious serial killer referred to as Los Brujos Assessinos who creates the mystery plot of the story. Furthermore, Pilar's chances of happiness with Alonso are hindered by his wife Karen Miller who is extremely jealous and is not willing to give Alonso a divorce. While they continue investigating the mystery surrounding the serial killer, the events change the course of their lives.

Cast

Main
 Daniela Alvarado as Pilar La Roca
 Luciano D'Alessandro as Alonso Prada
 Guillermo García as Cornelio Mena
 Norkys Batista as Miranda Atenas de Miller
 Carlos Montilla as Kevin Miller
 Winston Vallenilla as Espartaco Sansegundo
 Lilibeth Morillo as Soledad Linares de Cordero
 Miguel Ferrari as Jaime Cordero
 Jonathan Montenegro as Pablo Naranjo
 Eileen Abad as Karen Miller Holt de Prada

Secondary

 Amanda Gutiérrez as Dolores de La Roca
 Caridad Canelón as Felipa Franco
 Crisol Carabal as Amanda Atenas
 Hilda Abrahamz as Lucrecia Holt de Miller
 Gustavo Rodríguez as Valentin La Roca
 Rolando Padilla as Bautista Zorrilla
 Carolina Perpetuo as Antonia Paris
 Miguel de León as Franco Rosas
 Mariaca Semprún as Talía Flores
 Sheryl Rubio as Stefany Miller Holt
 Susej Vera as Rebeca Patiño
 Kerly Ruíz as Kristel Manzano
 Martin Brassesco as Gustavo Rivas
 Gabriel López as Germán Zorrilla Franco
 Saúl Marín as Jesús Muñoz
 Martha Track  as Dorís Espino
 César Flores as Antonio Torres
 Andreína Carvó as Alessandra Morales
 Carla García as Helena Cordero Linares
 Meisbel Rangel as Andrea Prada La Roca
 Bárbara Díaz as Georgina Cordero Linares
 Carlos Dos Santos as Enrique Prada Miller "Kike"
 Juan Diego Bracho as Ángel Sansegundo Patiño "Angelito"
 Esther Orjuela as Zoraida Ortiz
 Juan Carlos García as Bruno Lincuestenin
 Rosalinda Serfaty as Claudia
 Javier Paredes as Alirio Lobo
 Gonzalo Cubero as Shaman
 Alejo Felipe as Lorenzo Estrada
 Flor Elena González as Margot Londoño
 Marisol Matheus as Esposa de Lorenzo Estrada
 María Fernanda Pita as Valery Estrada
 Luis Perdomo as Himself
 Eulalia Siso as Emma Colorado
 Daniel Rodriguez as Dr. Almeida
 Alexander Montilla as Abogado Siso
 Gustavo Silva as Francisco Hernandez
 Antonio Delli as Detective Jose Ernesto Navas
 Paula Woyzechowsky as Verónica Álvarado
 Ivette Dominguez as Vicky Aurora Patiño
 Dolores Heredia as Margarita Lobo
 Margarita Hernández as Carlota Naranjo
 Dora Mazzone as Petra Paris

Soundtrack

Track listing


Trebizond Vilayet

The Vilayet of Trebizond or Trabzon was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) in the north-eastern part of the Ottoman Empire and corresponding to the area along the eastern Black Sea coastline and the interior highland region of the Pontic Alps. The region was populated mainly by ethnic Turks in the western half and Laz-speaking Muslims in the eastern half, although throughout the period of Ottoman rule there was a history of conversion to Turkish Islam of many of the region's Pontic Greeks - with even Gulbahar Hatun, the mother of sultan Selim the Grim said to be of Pontic Greek origin.

At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of , while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,047,700. The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.

After the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878, the sanjak of Lazistan was established. Rize became the center of the district due to the cession of Batumi, the former centre of the sanjak, to Russia.

Administrative divisions
The vilayet included three sanjaks (four after 1889) and 22 kazas.
Sanjaks of the Vilayet:
 Trabzon Sanjak (Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Tirebolu, Görele, Vakfıkebir, Sürmene, Of, Akçaabat, Maçka)
 Gümüşhane Sanjak (Gümüşhane, Kelkit, Şiran, Torul)
 Lazistan Sanjak (Its center was Batumi at first until 1878, later Rize after 1878) (Rize, Pazar, Artvin; Sometimes included Of as well)
 Canik Sanjak (Its center was Samsun after 1889) (Samsun, Bafra, Ünye, Fatsa, Çarşamba, Terme)


Al-Kahla District

Al-Kahla District is a district of the Maysan Governorate, Iraq.


Video Artists International

Video Artists International (VAI), is an independent American DVD-label specializing in classical music performances founded in 1983, and based in Pleasantville, NY. The company started as one of the first labels to release complete operas and ballets on home video, originally in VHS videocassette format. In the early 1990s the label added historical CDs to its video catalogue. VAI's video catalog includes an extensive series of performances from The Bell Telephone Hour. Among the first CDs were performances of arias by Phyllis Curtin, and the 1962 recording of the New Orleans Opera's production of Carlisle Floyd's Susannah (with Curtin and Norman Treigle).


Cyberdelic

Cyberdelic (from "cyber-" and "psychedelic") was the fusion of cyberculture and the psychedelic subculture into a new counterculture of the 1980s and 1990s.

Cyberdelic art was created by calculating fractal objects and representing the calculation results as still images, animations, music, or other media.

Rave dance parties featured psychedelic trance music, with the accompaniment of laser light shows, projected images, and artificial fog. Attendees often used "club drugs".

Advocates
Timothy Leary, an advocate of psychedelic drug use who became a cult figure of the hippies in the 1960s, reemerged in the 1980s as a spokesperson of the cyberdelic counterculture, whose adherents called themselves "cyberpunks", and became one of the most philosophical promoters of personal computers (PC), the Internet, and immersive virtual reality. Leary proclaimed that the "PC is the LSD of the 1990s" and admonished bohemians to "turn on, boot up, jack in".

In contrast to some of the hippies of the 1960s who were antiscience and antitechnology, the cyberpunks of the 1980s and 1990s ecstatically embraced technology and the hacker ethic. They believed that high technology (and smart drugs) could help human beings overcome limits, that it could liberate them from authority and even enable them to transcend space, time, and body. They often expressed their ethos and aesthetics through cyberart and reality hacking.

R. U. Sirius, co-founder and original editor-in-chief of Mondo 2000 magazine, became a prominent promoter of the cyberpunk ideology, whose adherents were pioneers in the IT industry of Silicon Valley and the West Coast of the United States.

In 1992, Billy Idol became influenced by the cyberdelic subculture and the cyberpunk fiction genre. The result of his passion for the ideals behind the culture resulted in his 1993 concept album, Cyberpunk, which Idol hoped would introduce Idol's fans and other musicians to the opportunities presented by digital technology and cyberculture. Timothy Leary and other members of the cyberdelic movement were contacted by Idol, and participated in the album's creation. The album was a critical and financial failure, and polarized online cyberculture communities of the period. Detractors viewed it as an act of co-optation and opportunistic commercialization. It was also seen as part of a process that saw the overuse of the term "cyberpunk" until the word lost meaning.  Alternatively, supporters saw Idol's efforts as harmless and well-intentioned, and were encouraged by his new interest in cyberculture.

Collapse
After the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s burst in 2000, the techno-utopianism that prevailed in the cyberdelic counterculture waned while technorealism grew. Most cyberpunks realized that the PC, the Internet, and other new technologies did not really bring the radical social, political, and personal changes they thought they would, specifically the "cybersociety" - a postpolitical, non-hierarchical society made possible by cyberware, in which the computer-literate, super-intelligent, open-minded, change-oriented, self-reliant, irreverent free-thinker is the norm and the person who is not internetted and does not think for him or herself and does not question authority is the "problem person".

Disillusioned, R. U. Sirius condemned cyberdelic escapism:


No Woman

No Woman (Persian: زن ممنوع)  is an award-winning 2015 experimental, arthouse short film from Afghanistan by Yama Rauff, who was also selected for the "Fresh Legs 2016" exhibition at Galleri Heike Arndt DK in Germany and Denmark. The film debuted in Afghanistan and received recognition in March 2015 at the Women's day celebration film competition in Mazar-i-Sharif and won Best Film Prize. It featured in the December 2015 East Van Short Film Showcase in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and in the October 2015 International Women's Film Festival in Herat, and was projected among the finalists in the "Social Theme" section  in the June 2016 Tracce Cinematografiche Film Fest in Rome. It won the 2016 "Audience Choice: Experimental Film" award of the Women's Voices Now online film festival and received another  "Best Experimental Film Award" from Poland's 25th Euroshorts Film Festival.

Reception
Nick Wangersky of Hollywood North Magazine felt that "in spite of the way they’re treated at times", woman do matter. He called Rauff's project an "artistic film", and expanded that it "states that women should be allowed to make decisions too." He further felt the film a "very innovative and bold way of showing how to show what’s really behind the vileness of individuals as well as how women struggle in Islamic countries."

Misty Layne of Cinemaschminema highly praised the film, writing it "has got to be one of the most beautiful films under 3 minutes I’ve ever seen. Shot entirely in black and white, out in the desert, it shares a beautiful message about women leading women, women following in the footsteps of those who fought before them for equal rights, etc. Seriously. Under 3 minutes. It’s amazing."

Najibullah Khurshid from Afghanistan's 8am daily newspaper (روزنامه هشت صبح)  noticed that " While in several scenes it shows girls being in trouble, but they don't help out each other, they do not cross eyes at each other and at one point even they lack their common aspiration.

No Woman is an artistic first three-minute short film with a community orientated story which is beyond the level of awareness of its audience in our society and other societies as well.

In the last fifteen years, no films have been made outside political attractions and formats. All have been made into the base of market demand.

Success of No Woman comes with a fresh western prespictves and looks: in the sense that no elements in the making of the film can be ignored from the perspective of a film critic, Unless it be taken simplistic, not profound."

Synopsis

Two girls standing in the desert on a road that has a sign it shows that no women are allowed to cross the line. One of them walks alone and reaches an armed person in the middle of the road with a mask. she rips the mask off and keeps walking as the person gets into his knees and cries in the road behind her. Then it shows group of girls come to the same road, they hear a gun shot, not sure of what to do. Then they see a floating mask in the wind.

Theme

No Woman shines the spotlight on the big "no" that is given to women in Islamic societies, when it comes to making decisions for themselves. Majority of women suffers from inequality, but few stands to fight against it. No Woman shows few girls on screen, but it represents story of almost every women and their aspirations and obstacles.


Marian Bryson

Marian Bryson was a right handed pitcher in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League who played for the Peoria Redwings in its 1946 season. Bryson was born in Los Angeles, California. She was dubbed Scotty.

Bryson posted a 0-8 record with a 5.32 ERA in 14 pitching appearances, striking out 11 batters while walking 36 in 71.0 innings of work. As a hitter, she went 2-for-18 for a .112 batting average.

Bryson is part of the AAGPBL permanent display at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum at Cooperstown, New York opened in 1988, which is dedicated to the entire league rather than any individual figure.

Sources


Robert Regula

Robert L. Regula (January 18, 1923 – May 19, 1996) was a Democratic politician who served in the General Assembly in the U.S. state of Ohio in 1978.

Life
Regula was born in Bucks, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, to Alvin G. and Emma E. Regula. He entered the US Army in January 1943, during World War II. After the war he lived in Canton, worked at Ohio Bell Telephone, and was active in local politics. As an employee of the Ohio Bell Telephone Company and a former township trustee, Regula was appointed to succeed Representative Irene Smart in 1978, whose seat became vacant when she was appointed to a judiciary position. Soon after his appointment, Regula won a tough primary battle for the Democratic nomination. He lost the general election to Chuck Red Ash a popular high school football coach.  Regula spent one year, or half a term, in the Ohio House of Representatives.

Regula remained active in local politics, but held no further public office. He died in Canton in 1996, age 73.


Avinash Dharmadhikari

Avinash Dharmadhikari is a former Indian Administrative Services officer. He was a well known social activist and free-lance journalist before joining IAS.After serving on various posts during his administrative career of ten years he resigned from IAS in 1996 for the reason that can be best described in Arun Shourie's words "to be able to serve Indian society better". He was Deputy Secretary to the Chief Minister of Maharashtra at the time of his resignation.</ref> He is founder and director of Chanakya Mandal Pariwar, working in the field of Career Guidance and Personality Development. He unsuccessfully contested for Lok Sabha as an independent candidate against Suresh Kalmadi. He was Director General of Neharu Yuva Kendra Sangathan in 2001 under Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs, Government of India.  As a social activist he has been part of many movements such as farmers' movements and movements against corruption. He was also a part of Team Anna during India against corruption movement. He has been carrying out many study tours all over the world and attending many important International lconferences such as UNGA, UNFCCC recently.
He has authored many books which includes Aswastha Dashakachi Diary, Nava Vijaypath, Ek Vijaypath, Swatantra Nagarik, Jinkanara Samaj Ghadawanari Shikshanpadhhati, Aani Aapan Saglech, Ratra Gahirichya Tisarya Prahari(a collection of poems) . Aswastha Dashakachi Diary has been translated into English by Gauri Deshpande titled: Diary of a Decade of Agony.
Apart from being an Ex-IAS, Educationist, activist, Journalist and Author he has been widely admired as a great Orator.He is looked upon as an activist who has taken pledge & promotes youngsters to take pledge to become a devoted volunteer in serving India.

Early Life and education

Avinash Dharmadhikari was born in a Marathi family in Kolhapur, Maharashtra on 2 August 1959. He spent his childhood in Kasba Peth, Pune. He attended the  Jnana Prabodhini Prashala, Pune for his early and high school education.He received his bachelor's degree from  Modern College, Pune, an affiliate of Pune University.The mid 1970s was a tumultuous period in Indian history that saw high inflation, nationwide strikes, anti corruption movement led by Jayaprakash Narayan, and the  national emergency imposed by the then prime minister Indira Gandhi  which curtailed civil liberties. Adhikari credits this period for inspiring him to become a political activist.He was driven by nationalist thoughts of Swami Vivekananda and Mahatma Gandhi. He got married with Poorna Dharmadhikari before joining Indian Administrative Services.

Life before IAS

Dharmadhikari was a full-time social activist for ten years before joining IAS. He was also a free-lance journalist during the same period. He undertook extensive study tours of the country. The outcome was the book in Marathi called 'Aswastha Dashakachi Diary', ( Translated as "The diary of a decade of unrest) based on the reflections on experiences of these visits.

Before joining the highest Indian Civil Service i.e. IAS,  Dharmadhikari was actively involved in solving Punjab Crisis along with his wife, Poorna Dharmadhikari between 1978 and  1986.The couple worked for national integration staying in Punjab right through the thick of Bhindranwale phase(1983 to 1985). They undertook extensive traveling on foot throughout Punjab, learnt Punjabi and Gurumukhi script, stayed in Gurudwaras and also at the Golden Temple.
Since then both of them have continued an active association with Punjab.

Administrative career
In his administrative career he had been known for his efficient, transparent and creative work in Maharashtra. During these 10 years he had served on many posts such as – Sub-Divisional officer, Phaltan; Officer on Special Duty for state's Chief Secretary; Director, State Archives, Mumbai; CEO at Ratnagiri and Amaravati zilla parishads; Additional Collector, Pune; Director, Women and Child Welfare Dept, Maharashtra; District Collector, Raigad (Alibag); Deputy Secretary to Chief Minister, Maharashtra.
While in service, initiated many experiments in responsive administration: Field level functioning of government machinery to reorient the operations and methodologies in bureaucracy. Long-pending land disputes resolved speedily through reconciliatory measures, adopting revenue-court system. Active participation in literacy, globalization of education, women-farmers-consumer movements, water conservation, movements against corruption and superstitions. Implemented a special program for neo-literates so they do not re-lapse into illiteracy and was appreciated as a ‘model scheme’, by the National Literacy Mission.

Aftermath of Administrative Career

After resigning from IAS in 1996, he founded Chanakya Mandal Pariwar, a network organization working in the field of Career Guidance, Competitive Exam (Civil Services Examination) Training, Entrepreneurship Building and Personality Development. It was the disappointment he felt for being the only one from Maharashtra to get selected for the Civil Services in 1986, along with rampant corruption and apathy among the civil servants towards issues of the common man that led him to found the CMP in 1996, with a motive to send honest and efficient cadres to the services and contribute in the nation building in his own way.

On 31 December 2014, the 14th Dalai Lama inaugurated a new 'Vastu' of Chanakya Mandal Pariwar and lauded Avinash Dharmadhikari's commitment to serve nation through youth education.

Working as the Director General of Neharu Yuva Kendra Sangathan in 2001 under Ministry of Sports and Youth Affairs, Government of India, he initiated some major programs to encourage youths to join sports.
He was a Shiv Sena member between March 2009 and April 2011.

In November 2012 he joined Team Anna that led a revolutionary India Against Corruption movement against the then UPA-II government and proposed Jan Lokpal Bill along with former IPS Kiran Bedi, Justice (Rtd) Santosh Hegde, Activist Medha Patkar, former Army Chief Gen Vijay Kumar Singh, former DGP(Punjab) Shashikant, Lt Col Brijendra Khokhar, Akhil Gogoi, Sunita Godara, Arvind Gaur, Rakesh Rafiq when Arvind Kejriwal, Yogendra Yadav and some other members separated from Anna Hazare to form a political party.


Nimăiești

The Nimăiești is a right tributary of the river Crișul Negru in Romania. Its length is  and its basin size is . It discharges into the Crișul Negru in Beiuș.


Schooled (film)

Schooled is a 2007 American independent drama film, written and directed by Brooks Elms, and produced by Brian Hennessy and Lorenda Starfelt. The film follows a traditional East Coast school teacher (Daniel Kucan), who becomes involved with a non-traditional, alternative school in California, which leads to significant changes in his personal philosophy and lifestyle. The film co-stars Alysia Reiner, and was co-edited by Frederick Marx, the writer/producer/co-editor of the 1994 documentary Hoop Dreams.

Production
Schooled was shot on a limited budget in and around Los Angeles county in 2005–06.

Release
Schooled premiered at the Method Fest Independent Film Festival in Calabasas, California, where it was nominated for "Best Ensemble Cast." According to the Alternative Education Resource Organization, the film "stormed education conferences around the globe including: New York, San Francisco, Dallas, and Sydney, Australia." Schooled was also featured at the 2008 European Democratic Education Conference. The film had its East Coast premiere at the Queens International Film Festival.

Reception
In his lengthy online review of the film at DVDtalk, Chris Nielson harshly criticizes Schooled's low-budget production values, while at the same time exploring writer/director Brooks Elms' various themes regarding "democratic schools". According to a press release for the film, Schooled  writer/director Brooks Elms studied film at New York University, where he received the Warner Bros. Production Grant, the NYU Film Fest Screenplay Award, and the Steven J. Ross Filmmaker’s Grant from the Hamptons Film Festival.

Impact
Since its release in 2007, the film has generated debate amongst communities contemplating involvement in alternative education.


Ibesikpo Asutan

Ibesikpo-Asutan is a Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, in the south east of Nigeria .it is made up of two clans namely Ibesikpo and Asutan Clan. it has produced many prominent people,it's also the home of former Akwa Ibom State governor Architect Obong Victor Attah.

It is made up of 43 villages.

It is served by Lutheran High School, Obot Idim.


Marijan Kanjer

Marijan Kanjer (born 1 October 1973 in Rijeka) is a freestyle swimmer from Croatia, who competed in two consecutive Summer Olympics for his native country, starting in 1996.


Jules Marcou

Jules Marcou (April 20, 1824 – April 17, 1898) was a French, Swiss and American geologist.

Biography
He was born at Salins, in the département of Jura, in France. He was educated at Besançon and at the Collège Saint Louis, Paris.  After completing his studies, he made several excursions through Switzerland to recover his health. These trips led him to devote himself to natural science. During these trips, he met Jules Thurmann (1804-1855), who in turn introduced him to Louis Agassiz.

In 1845, he worked with Thurmann on a geological survey of the Jura mountains. He was appointed assistant in the mineralogical department of the Sorbonne in 1846, and also classified its collection of fossils. During this time, he conducted geological investigations in various parts of Europe. In 1847 he went to North America as traveling geologist for the Jardin des Plantes, charged with studying the United States and the English possessions in North America. In the following year, he joined Agassiz in Boston, and accompanied him to the Lake Superior region, visiting the copper mines of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Lake Huron, and Niagara. After six months, he returned to Cambridge, Massachusetts, and sent minerals he had collected to Paris.

In January 1849, Marcou directed his attention to the geology of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Later he crossed the Allegheny Mountains, visiting the Mammoth Cave and other localities, and then traversed Canada. He returned to Europe for a short time in 1850. In 1853 he published a Geological Map of the United States, and the British Provinces of North America. In 1853 he entered the service of the United States government, and was the first geologist that crossed the United States, being attached to the Pacific Railroad Survey along the 35th parallel. one of a series of explorations of the American West to find possible routes for a transcontinental railroad. He subsequently made a geological section extending from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean.

In 1855 he became professor of geology and palaeontology at the polytechnic school of Zürich, but relinquished this office in 1859, and in 1861 again returned to the United States, when he assisted Louis Agassiz in founding the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and was in charge of its palaeontological division from 1860 to 1864. Subsequently, he devoted himself to scientific research until 1875, when he again entered the service of the United States government, and accompanied the Wheeler Survey to Southern California.

Jules Marcou married Jane Belknap of Boston in 1850. They had two children. He died at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1898 and was interred there in Mount Auburn Cemetery.

Publications
 Life, letters, and works of Louis Agassiz (1895)
 Cretaceous formations of the Jura
 Dyas (Permian) of Nebraska
 Taconic rocks of Vermont and Canada
 American Geological Classification and Nomenclature (1888)
 Geological Map of the World (1861, 2nd ed. 1875)
 A Little More Light on the United States Geological Survey (1892)
 Lettres sur les roches du Jura et leur distribution géographique dans les deux hémisphères (1857-1860)
 Geology of North America (1858)


Nilavagilu

Nilavagilu is a small village in Hunsur, Karnataka, India.


Royal Brunei Airlines Flight 238

Royal Brunei Airlines Flight 238 was a scheduled flight from Labuan to Bandar Seri Begawan and Miri. On 6 September 1997, the Dornier Do 228 registered as 9M-MIA crashed on approach to Miri, killing both crew members and all eight passengers on board.

Accident
Flight 238, a Dornier Do 228 took off from Brunei International Airport at 19:03 local time with 8 passengers and two pilots on board for a short-haul flight to Miri Airport. The flight crew of flight 238 requested clearance to land at the airport. Air traffic control cleared the flight for the final approach to runway 02 but the flight crew did not radio back the control. At 19:42 while on approach to the runway, Flight 238 crashed into a slope at 500m in Lambir Hills National Park. The wreckage of the Dornier Do 228 was found at 07:10 the next morning.


Maggie Blue O'Hara

Maggie Blue O'Hara, also credited as Maggie O'Hara, is a Canadian actress noted for her voice acting and her recognisable "young teenage girl" voice. She voiced Madison Taylor on Cardcaptors and Shadowcat in X-Men: Evolution.

Biography
O'Hara appeared in many television series and TV movies, including X-Files, Da Vinci's Inquest, Hope Island, Neon Rider and three years as a regular on the CBC TV series Northwood and appeared in the made-for-TV movies Resurrection.

In 2005, Maggie Blue and her then husband, renowned Hong Kong sand-painting artist and animator Hoi Chiu, formed the All Theatre Art Association, which created shows and toured them internationally to places such as England, Canada, Taiwan, China, Singapore, Thailand, Australia and New Zealand. While living in Hong Kong, O'Hara provided voices for name-brand electronic toys such as VTech and cartoon series such as Hello Kitty and Friends.

In early 2015, after nearly 10 years in Hong Kong, she returned to British Columbia to live and is continuing with her voiceover work as well as performing and teaching acting skills and children's yoga. She is also a workshop facilitator.

Filmography

Animation roles
 Barbie and the Rockers: Out of this World – Additional Voices
 Brain Powered – Hime Utsumiya
 Cardcaptors – Madison Taylor
 Dragon Ball: Curse of the Blood Rubies – Bulma (Funimation & BLT Productions dub)
 Dragonball Z – Bulma (Ep. 123–260 (Ocean Group dub))
 Dragon Tales – Shelley (Zak Takes a Dive) and Windy (Sneezy Does It) (2001)
 Earth Girl Arjuna – Juna Ariyoshi
 Finley the Fire Engine – D.J.
 Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer – Daphne Spankenheimer
 Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz – Mariemaia Khushrenada
 Infinite Ryvius – Cullen Lucciora
 InuYasha – Karan
 Jin-Roh: The Wolf Brigade (movie) – Nanami Agawa
 Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action! – Romy Bates
 MegaMan NT Warrior – Mika
 Monster Rancher – Holly
 My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic – Strawberry Sunrise
 My Little Pony Tales – Sweetheart, Moki, Halfnot
 LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu – Ultra Violet (Seasons 8-9), Harumi’s Mother, Tox (Season 9)
 Ranma ½ – Anna (Ep. 108)
 Ronin Warriors – Mia Koji (Nasuti Yagyu) OAVs only
 Saber Marionette J and Saber Marionette R (OAV) – Lime
 Soul Taker – Sayaka Tachibana
 The Adventures of Hello Kitty & Friends – Dear Daniel
 ToddWorld – Stella (Season 1)
 Video Girl Ai (OVA) – Ai Amano
 X-Men: Evolution – Kitty Pryde/Shadowcat

Live-action roles
 Cold Squad – Helen Larson
 My Son Johnny – Wendy
 Neon Rider – Jill
 Northwood –
 Other Women's Children – Wanda
 The X-Files – Young Woman
 Wiseguy – Mary Jane
 Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction


Anand Patil

Anand Balwant Patil (born 1945) is a Marathi and English creative writer, postcolonial, comparatist, culturalist translator –scholar from Maharashtra –Goa, India. Starting with his debut rural novellas and research on the ‘Western Influences on Marathi Drama 1818-1947’ Patil set new trends in rural fiction. His Icchamarn  is the compendious epic novel on a village. It is regarded as a masterpiece of gramin (rural) fiction. He is the recipient of four Government of Maharashtra Awards for extraordinary literary works and also other thirteen literary awards. He is the founder of Aranyanand Shikshan, Sahitya va Sanskriti Pratisthan and Anand Granthsagar Prkashan.

Education
Patil was born on 3 July 1945 in a remote village in the range of Sahyadri Mountain in Maharashtra. He joined the ‘Earn and Learn’ scheme of Karmveer Bhaurao Patil and received Merit scholarship for M.A. in Entire English from shivaji university Kolhapur, Maharashtra. The UGC Teachership and British council visitorship enabled him to submit the meritorious Ph.D. dissertation which was published both in English and Marathi.

Career
Dr. Patil has contributed immensely in field of education and literature. His contributions are shortly elaborated here.

Teaching
Patil taught English language and Literature in various colleges of Rayat Shikshan Sanstha for 24 years and later comparative Literature and creative writing in Department of English, Goa University and school of Languages and Literature in Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded. After retirement he was the visiting Professor of Delhi University, Patan and Nagpur University.

Literary career
Patil’s first short story ‘Khep' published in the most prestigious periodical ‘Satyakatha’(1971) and novella  Kagud in 'Mouji' (1984) earned him the nickname ‘Kagudwala’ Patil given by stalwart fivtionist  Shankar Patil. Anand Patil become a name to be conjured with in rural fiction. His autobiographical element and mastery of rural language was so powerful that he was described as a rising sun of Marathi rural writing.

Once after he joined the Goa University as a Reader in English he has reached to the new heights. He reached where Maharashtrian writers have reached seldom including publishing articles in Ariel, comparative and culture studies, Oxford and Cambridge Companions in the Western countries. Patil ventured where no Marathi Marathi writer had ever treaded . He was turned down by those so called scholars who had never published a single book in Maharashtra. This cultural tuen made him the leading comparatist and culturalist in India who went abroad for seven times on the academic tours. His book on 'Comparative Literature :Theory and practice' translated in to Hindi is a text book all over India.
Whatever genre he tried he made  his work. For example, his ‘Patalachi Londanvari’ translated in to Kannada and Hindi is considered the first true travel writing of the marginal Indian, and ‘In search of my Kolhapur’ the first travel of a District, ‘Granthani Rachlela Mahapurush’ a first literary biography and so on. As a creative writer he is Ngugi wa Thiong'o of Marathi and as a culturalist –comparatist he is Raymond Williams of India.

Bibliography

Novels
Kagud ani Shavali. Murusai :Mouji,1986
Icchamaran. Aurangabad:Saket, 2008

Short story collection
Phugaaya. Aurangabad:Sket 1994
Dawan. Aurangabad: Sahityaseva. 1998
Suparna vrakshyakhali Bhav dupari. Aurangabad: Rajat 2006
Phera. Pune: Pshpa 2006
KhandaniPune: Snehwardhan 2011
Shodh Eka chalwalya Mitracha. Kolhapur. Ajab210

Travel Writing
Patalachi Londonwari, Mumbai: Lok wangmay (1993) trams in knnada by Sathkad and Hindi by Shailesh Pandey
Paradeshi Saha Parikrama. Pune: Suvidhya 2003.
In search of my Kolhapur through Travellers eyes: Amsela Associated Publishers

Literary Biography
Granthani Rachalels Mahapurush: Yashvantrao Chavan. Kolhapur: Anand Granthsagar, 2018.
Maharashtrala Mahit Naslele Samrat Shivaji. Kolhapur: Anand Granthsagar,2018

Drama
Sangeet Automatic Asud. Kolhapur : Anand Granthsager

Translation
P.S. Deshmukh. The Origin and Devleopment of Religion in vedic literature. London Oxford Univ-Press 1933, train in to Marathi Dhrmacha Vaidek Wangmayatil udhay ani vikas: Kolhapur Anand  Granthsagar 2005
Basavraj Naikar, Light in the House. Trans in to Marathi Urus, Pune: Datta Prakashan 2005

Marathi Comparative and Cultural Studies
Marathi Natakawaril Ingraji Prabhav. Mumbai : Lokwangmay 1993
Taulanik Sahitya : Nave Siddhhant ani upyojan. Aurangabad :Saket 1998. Translated in to Hindi by Chandrlekha
British Bombay ani Portuguese Govyateel Wangmay. Mumbai: Granthali1999
Tulav: Tanlanik Nibandh. Mumbai:ranthali,2002
Sahitya Kahi Deshi Kahi Videsh. Pune: Patmaandha 2004
Tharava. Nagpur Akanksha 2005
Teekavamarsh. Aurngabad : Rajat 2010
Samiksha Up Haran. Aurangabad Rajat 2010
Sahitya vimarsh Maranam . Pune Diamond 2011
Samagra Shakespeare: Taulanik Sanskrti Samiksha. Kolhapur : Anand Granthsager 2017
Samagra S. S. Mardhekar: Taulanik Sanskrati Mimam  -nsa,Pune: Padmagandha, 2018
Local and Global, Kolhapur Anand Granthsager 2019
Kahi  Lobel kahi Globel Anand Granthsagar 2019

English Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies
Western Influence on Marathi Drama. Panaji Rajhanus. 1993
Whirligig of Taste: Essays in Comparative Literature Delhi: Creative Books 1999
Perspectives and Progression. Delhi Creative Books 2005
ddhas Shelke: Makers of Indian Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Academy 2002
Revisioning Comparative Literature and Culture Delhi: Authors Press 2011
Literary Comparative Literative and Cultural Criticism. Foreworeded by Steehen Tostory de Zeptne. Ambala : Associated Press 2011
Interdisciplinary : Literary and Cultural. Kolhapur: Anand Granthsagar 2019

Literary Awards and Appreciation Received by Patil

Awards
H.N. Apte Award for Kagud ani Savali: Government of Maharashtra H.N. Apte Award ,M.S. Parishad, Pune H.N .Apte Award. Best novel of the Decade Selection by Maharashtra Times (1986)
Pune Nagar Wachanalay S.J. Joshi Awards, for Icchamaran. Balapur Library Kondaji Patil Purskar (2008)
SKK Purskar. Taulanik Sahitya: Nave Siddhant ani Uptojan. Government of Maharashtra SKK Purskar.
M.V. Gokhale Award. Marathi Natkawaril Ingraji prbhav, Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad Pune M.V. Gokhale Award (1998)
S.M. Paranjpe Award. British Bombay ani Portuguese Govyatil Wangmay .Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad Pune S.M. Paranjpe Award
Tulav: Tulanik Nibandh, Jansahitya parishad Amravati Award and Vidharbh Sahitya Sangh ugawani awards (1999)
Srajanatamak Lekhan, Government of Maharashtra Kusumavati Deshpande Award 2005
Teekvastraharan . Govt of Maharashtra SKK Awards and Dakshin Maharashtra Sahitya sabha R. Shahu Award 2008
Sahitya Vimarsh Maranam. Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad, H. S. Shenolikar Award 2011
Granthani Rachlela Mahapurush: Yashwantrao Chavan, Vidhrbh Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal, Nagpur, Freedom fighter Balaji Huddar Award. South  Maharashtra Sahitya Sabha Kolhapur Annabhau Sathe Award, Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad Pune Phaltan branch Yashvantrao Chavan Sahitya  Gaurav Purskar. Jaysingpur ,Kavita Sagar Prkashan Rashitriya Award (2017)

Critical Books Published on Patil’s Writings
Patlachi Londonwari: Kahi Drashtikshep ed: Shailesh Tribhuvan (2003)
Patlachia Phad: Samagra Samikshed . ed. Shrikrishna Asud (2011)
Anand Parva: Tulanik Sahityaani ani Sanskriti Samiksha, Ed Srikrishan Adsul  (2014)


Henry Lindsay Bethune

Maj.-Gen. Sir Henry Lindsay Bethune, 1st Baronet, de jure 9th Earl of Lindsay (born Lindsay; 12 April 1787 – 19 February 1851) was a Scottish military officer. He was a member of a British diplomatic and military mission led by John Malcolm to the Persian Empire in 1810.

Biography
Born Henry Lindsay in Fife, he was a male-line descendant of Patrick Lindsay, 4th Lord Lindsay of the Byres, ancestor of the Earls of Crawford and Earls of Lindsay. He was the son of Maj. Martin Eccles Lindsay and Margaret Augusta Tovey. In 1779, his paternal grandfather adopted the surname and arms of Bethune as part of the entail of inheriting the estate of Kilconquhar from his maternal uncle. Henry Lindsay also added Bethune for the same reason after his father's death in 1813.

Bethune was initially an artillery lieutenant in the Madras Horse Artillery. With a height of 6 feet 8 inches, he is said to have impressed the Persians who compared him to the mythical hero Rustam. His qualities of justice and his knowledge of the world also seem to have greatly impressed the Persians.

Bethune was first put in charge of modernizing the corps of horse artillery. In 1816, Bethune received the Persian decoration of the Order of the Lion and the Sun, specially reserved for meritous foreigners. After several years, he finally resigned from the Indian service, and retired to Kilconquhar. According to the 19th century British diplomat Sir Justin Sheil:

In 1834, he was recalled for service in Persia in anticipation of troubles in the dynastic succession on the Persian throne. Following the death of Fath Ali Shah that same year, he commanded the advanced Divisions of the Persian Army between Tabriz and Teheran. He supported the succession of the Shah's grandson Mohammad Shah Qajar, and eliminated a serious rebellion led by the Prince of Shiraz.

Henry Lindsay returned to Britain, where on 7 March 1836 he was created a 1st Baronet Bethune of Kilconquhar but was again sent to Persia in 1836 to become a major general in the Persian Army, until his retirement in 1839 following a disagreement with the Persian government over the Persian attacks on Herat in Afghanistan (a territory claimed by Great Britain).

In the wake of the Herat affair, Great Britain would remove its military and diplomatic missions from Persia, and occupy Kharg island and attack Bushehr. Mohammad Shah Qajar would in turn resume diplomatic relations with France, and send a diplomatic mission to Louis-Philippe under Mirza Hossein Khan to obtain military help. In response, a group of French officers was sent to Persia with the returning ambassador.

Family

In 1822, Bethune married Coutts Trotter, daughter of John Trotter of Dyrham Park, Hertfordshire, who was named after her uncle Sir Coutts Trotter, 1st Baronet. They had three sons and five daughters.

Anne Catherine Bethune (1823–1903), married John Thomas Campbell
Stewart (or Steuart) Lindsay Bethune (1825–1904), married Hector Graham-Toler, 3rd Earl of Norbury
John Trotter Bethune, 10th Earl of Lindsay (1827–1894), married Jeanne Eudoxie Marie Duval of Bordeaux
Caroline Felicie Bethune (1828–1891), died unmarried
Henry James Hamilton Bethune (1834–1862), d.s.p.
Charlotte Jane Bethune (1835–1855), died unmarried
Coutts (later Jane Coutts) Bethune (1839–1909), married James Stuart Trotter
Martin William Bethune (1843–1859), died unmarried in Marseille

Sir Henry  died in Tabriz, Persia in 1851. Relations between the two countries would soon worsen further with the Anglo-Persian War. He was buried at the Armenian Church of Saints Thaddeus and Bartholomew in Tehran.

Their eldest son, Sir John Trotter Bethune, 2nd Baronet, claimed the title of Earl of Lindsay, which had fallen into abeyance after the death of the sixth earl. Having successfully proven his claim, John was recognised as the 10th Earl of Lindsay by the House of Lords on 5 April 1878, making his father the de jure 9th Earl of Lindsay. The baronetcy became extinct after the 10th Earl died without heirs.


WVIA-TV

WVIA-TV, virtual channel 44 (UHF digital channel 50), is a Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member television station licensed to Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States and also serving Wilkes-Barre. Owned by the Northeast Pennsylvania Educational Television Association, it is a sister station to National Public Radio (NPR) member WVIA-FM (89.9). The two stations share studios in Jenkins Township (which shares a post office with Pittston); WVIA-TV shares transmitter facilities with ABC affiliate WNEP-TV (channel 16) at the Penobscot Knob antenna farm near Mountain Top.

History
In 1963, several men first met at Coughlin High School in Wilkes-Barre to discuss bringing an educational television station to northeastern Pennsylvania. Twelve of the men formed the Northeast Pennsylvania Educational Television Association, chaired by Wilkes-Barre superintendent of schools Walter Wood. They received a license for channel 44 a year later.

The station's first employee, general manager George Strimel, Jr., was hired in 1965 and given two years to get the station on the air.  He was able to do so within nine months, and WVIA-TV signed on for the first time on September 26, 1966. The fledgling station received a considerable assist from the area's commercial stations. WNEP-TV donated the old transmitter and tower facility from WARM-TV (one of the two stations that merged to form WNEP 10 years earlier), while WBRE-TV (channel 28) and WDAU-TV (channel 22, now WYOU) made their studios available for local productions. All production work was done from the transmitter site.

The station grew rapidly, and within a year moved its offices from First Presbyterian Church in Wilkes-Barre to office space donated by King's College, and later to a school in Scranton. In 1969, WVIA moved to a specially-built studio at Marywood College in Scranton. In 1971, WVIA moved to its current studio in Jenkins Township.

The station didn't take long to become a part of the community; it won the Corporation for Public Broadcasting's award for community involvement for two straight years in the 1970s. It was the only public television station in Pennsylvania to stay on the air during a 1970 budget crisis. When Hurricane Agnes struck the area in 1972, WVIA preempted its programming to air weather reports around the clock, and lent its equipment to WBRE so it could stay on the air.

In 1978, WVIA activated its current tower on Penobscot Knob. It increased the station's coverage by 20%, enabling it to reach 20 counties and giving it a coverage area comparable with most of the area's commercial stations. The station also operates the largest translator network in Pennsylvania.

For many years, through cable coverage WVIA was available on cable systems beyond the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre TV market (including Cablevision in Fairfield County, Connecticut and Nassau County, New York). In part, this was due to its unorthodox programming—in the 1980s, it carried on Saturday and Sunday mornings sitcom reruns such as Leave it to Beaver, and The Dick Van Dyke Show and The Honeymooners on weekday afternoons, and on Saturday nights ran science-fiction series such as Star Trek which ran on WVIA from 1984 to 1994, The Twilight Zone, The Outer Limits, Doctor Who, plus Lost in Space on Saturday mornings. Later, the station aired The Waltons at 4:30 and 5 p.m. and All in the Family at 6 p.m. from 1989 to 1991. From 1991 until 2009, WVIA aired Little House on the Prairie from 5 p.m. to 6 p.m.

On December 16, 2007, the top section of WVIA's tower collapsed due to severe ice, wind, and snow. The felled top section of the tower supported the antennas for the analog TV signal on channel 44 and the digital TV signal on channel 41. WVIA-FM's antenna survived since it was located on the portion of the tower which did not collapse. After the incident, WVIA quickly put the analog TV signal back on the air through the use of a shorter back-up tower and antenna also located on Penobscot Knob. However, due to the shorter height, the service area has been limited.

Earlier that same day, the neighboring tower supporting the antennas for analog WNEP-TV and WCLH (90.7 FM) collapsed completely due to the ice and winds. The tower collapse also destroyed the transmitter building but no one was hurt in either incidents.

In 2009, the end of the Pennsylvania Public Television Network saw the Commonwealth cut WVIA's funding by $970,000, which forced the station to end production of several local programs.

WVIA-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 44, on February 17, 2009, the original target date in which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 41. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 44.

WVIA suffered another disruption to its signal on February 12, 2010, when the building housing the transmitters for WVIA-TV and WVIA-FM was destroyed by fire. Though the tower was not affected, the loss of the transmitters forced the stations off the air. The station quickly worked to restore programming to cable systems. The station was returned to the air as of February 15, 2010 courtesy of the help of WNEP-TV, using the ABC affiliate's transitional digital channel 49 transmitter and tower (the station moved to digital channel 50 post-transition in December 2009 to reduce interference with Philadelphia/Atlantic City Telemundo affiliate WWSI, but had not disassembled the former channel 49 facilities) to transmit all of their services. As with WVIA's digital channel 41, all channels will remap via PSIP to Channel 44.

In August 2011, thieves stole  of copper transmission line from WVIA's tower while WVIA was still temporarily using WNEP's old tower, delaying a return to channel 41 and their own tower.  WVIA resumed use of their channel 41 transmitter and tower in March 2012.

The station sold its spectrum in FCC's broadcast auction ending February 10, 2017 for $25.9 million. The proceed was placed in its endowment. In conjunction with the auction result, the station announced a channel sharing agreement with Dreamcatcher Broadcasting’s WNEP in Scranton, to stay on its virtual channel 44.

Programming
WVIA-TV produces shows such as Call the Doctor and Homegrown Concerts, as well as shows that focus on Pennsylvania and Northeast Pennsylvania.

WVIA has historically aired children's programs during the day, and for many years, when it was an hour-long program, aired Sesame Street three times on weekdays—the previous weekday's episode in the morning, and the current day's episode at noon and at various times in late afternoon.

With the advent of the PBS Kids subchannel, WVIA has scaled back its children's programming on weekdays from 6 a.m. to 2 p.m. on its main channel.

Translators
WVIA serves one of the largest coverage areas east of the Mississippi River. This area is very mountainous meaning that some areas cannot get a clear signal from channel 41.


1897 Cincinnati football team

The 1897 Cincinnati football team was an American football team that represented the University of Cincinnati as an independent during the 1897 college football season. In their first season under head coach Tom Fennell, the Bearcats compiled a 9–1–1 record. William Bass was the team captain. The team played its home games at Union Ball Park in Cincinnati.

Following their regular season schedule, which they completed with a record of 7–1–1, losing only to the Carlisle Indians, Cincinnati played two post-season games in New Orleans. The Bearcats were invited to New Orleans by the Southern Athletic Club to play a football game on New Year's Day. Cincinnati easily defeated the Athletic Club team, and at the victory party following the win, students from nearby Louisiana State University (LSU) invited the Cincinnati players to come to their school to play another game. The Cincinnati–LSU game, which took place a few days later and pre-dated the first Rose Bowl Game by five years, resulted in a 22–0 Cincinnati win. This game could be considered, the school's athletic department contemplates, as the first bowl game in Cincinnati football history.