George H. Steuart (militia general)

George Hume Steuart (1790–1867) was a United States general who fought during the War of 1812, and later joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. His military career began in 1814 when, as a captain, he raised a company of Maryland volunteers, leading them at both the Battle of Bladensberg and the Battle of North Point, where he was wounded. After the war he rose to become major general and commander-in-chief of the First Light Division, Maryland Militia.

During John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, Steuart personally led a detachment of militia, and, as the prospect of civil war drew closer, he was among those who lobbied unsuccessfully for Maryland to secede from the Union. In 1861, at the start of the Civil War, Steuart left his home state of Maryland and joined the Confederacy, though at 71 years of age he was by then considered too old for active service. This did not prevent him from personally riding with Lee's army and even being captured at the First Battle of Manassas.

He is sometimes confused with his eldest son, Brigadier General George H. Steuart, who fought for the Confederacy at a number of major battles, eventually surrendering with General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox in 1865. Steuart died in 1867, his health and fortune ruined by his devotion to the Southern "lost cause".

Early life

Steuart was born in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, on November 1, 1790, the eldest son of Dr James Steuart of Annapolis (1755–1846), and Rebecca Sprigg, who were married on November 4, 1788. James Steuart was a physician who served in the Revolutionary War, and was the son of George Hume Steuart (1700–1784), a Loyalist politician and tobacco planter who was colonel of the Maryland horse militia under Governor Horatio Sharpe.

The young Steuart grew up partly at Sparrow's Point, his family's plantation in the Chesapeake Bay, and partly at their residence in West Baltimore, a substantial estate known as Maryland Square. Later he studied at and graduated from Princeton University. Steuart also had a younger brother, Richard Sprigg Steuart, who grew up to become a physician and was an early pioneer of the treatment of mental illness.

War of 1812 - Bladensburg and North Point

When war broke out between the United States and Great Britain, Steuart (then Captain Steuart) raised a company of Maryland volunteers, known as the Washington Blues, part of the 5th Maryland Regiment  commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Sterett. They saw action at the Battle of Bladensburg (August 24, 1814), where the Americans, including the 5th Regiment, were routed by the British. Although the 5th had "evinced a disposition to make a gallant resistance", it was flanked by the redcoats and forced to retreat in some disorder. After the battle, British forces entered Washington, D.C., and set fire to a number of buildings in the city.

Steuart's regiment fought better at the Battle of North Point (September 12, 1814), where the militia were able to hold the line for an hour or so before making a fighting retreat during which Steuart was wounded.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SFrQAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA495&dq=steuart+wounded&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&as_brr=1&ei=m8NQS--EKIr0ygTkkcCADA&cd=1#v=onepage&q=steuart%20wounded&f=false American Quarterly Review, Issues 35-36, by Robert Walsh, p.495 (1835)] Retrieved Jan 15 2010</ref> Some of the militia regiments, such as the 51st, and some members of 39th, broke and ran under fire, but the 5th and 27th held their ground and were able to retreat in reasonably good order having inflicted significant casualties on the advancing enemy. Corporal John McHenry of the 5th Regiment wrote an account of the battle:
"Our Regiment, the 5th, carried off the praise from the other regiments engaged, so did the company to which I have the honor to belong cover itself with glory. When compared to the [other] Regiments we were the last that left the ground...had our Regiment not retreated at the time it did we should have been cut off in two minutes."

Although North Point was a tactical defeat for the Americans, it would prove a turning point in the War of 1812. The British took significant losses, including their commanding officer Major General Robert Ross, and, lacking the strength to take the city of Baltimore, they eventually withdrew.

Post-war career
Steuart was soon promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the 5th Regiment, and after the war he trained as a lawyer, being listed in the Baltimore City Directory of 1816 as Attorney-at-Law.
He was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates for Baltimore in 1827 and 1828, serving two one-year terms, and in 1835 he stood unsuccessfully for election to Maryland's 4th congressional district, running as an independent candidate. In around 1827 or 1828 his portrait was painted by the Baltimore portrait painter Philip Tilyard.

First Light Division formed

In 1833 a number of Baltimore regiments were formed into a brigade, and Steuart was promoted from colonel to brigadier general. From 1841 to 1861 he was Commander of the First Light Division, Maryland Volunteer Militia.Sparks, Jared, and others, p.168, The American Almanac and Repository of Useful Knowledge, Volume 10 Retrieved August 29, 2010 Until the Civil War he would be the Commander-in-Chief of the Maryland Volunteers. The First Light Division comprised two brigades: the 1st Light Brigade and the 2nd Brigade. The First Brigade consisted of the 1st Cavalry, 1st Artillery, and 5th Infantry regiments. The 2nd Brigade was composed of the 1st Rifle Regiment and the 53rd Infantry Regiment, and the Battalion of Baltimore City Guards.

In 1843 Steuart reviewed his troops and those of a visiting regiment from Pennsylvania at Camp Frederick, accompanied by Governor David R. Porter of Pennsylvania and various senior officers. The event was attended by "an immense concourse of spectators", and was commemorated in a lithograph published in the same year.

On July 19, 1844, the Boston City Greys visited Baltimore, and marched in parade with various companies of the 53rd Regiment. Steuart hosted a party for the visiting militia, which was held at his family estate in West Baltimore, known as Maryland Square. The event was celebrated by extensive coverage in the Baltimore American and, like the previous year's visit from Pennsylvania, was commemorated in a lithograph.

Steuart also appears to have formed an acquaintance with the social reformer Dorothea Dix, who in July 1850 was his guest at Steuart's country residence Sparrow's Point on the Chesapeake Bay. Also a guest was the  Swedish feminist and activist Fredrika Bremer, who wrote in a letter to her sister Agathe: "Late in the evening I sat in the most beautiful moonlight with Miss Dix on the veranda of General Stuarts' [sic] house, looking towards the shining river and the wide Chesapeake Bay, listening to the story of her simple yet remarkable life". Dix was a campaigner for better treatment of the mentally ill, a subject which was also the life's work of Steuart's brother, the physician Richard Sprigg Steuart. Also among Steuart's social circle was the writer Washington Irving, who was a regular guest at Maryland Square.

Know-Nothing elections

During the mid-1850s public order in Baltimore was threatened by the election of candidates of the Know Nothing party. In October 1856 the Know Nothing Mayor Samuel Hinks was pressed by Baltimorians to order Steuart's militia in readiness to maintain order during the mayoral elections, as violence was anticipated. Hinks duly gave Steuart the order, writing that he should "hold yourself with your command, or such portion thereof as you may deem necessary, in readiness to march at a moment's warning, fully armed and equipped for active service". In response, Steuart ordered his men to "assemble in marching order" on November 4 and await further orders. However, perhaps fearful of greater violence, the mayor soon rescinded his order. On October 31 he met with Steuart and requested that the general make his soldiers ready, but not assembled, and Steuart duly countermanded his original order. On polling day violence soon broke out, with shots exchanged by competing mobs. In the 2nd and 8th wards several citizens were killed, and many wounded. In the 6th ward artillery was used, and a pitched battle fought on Orleans St between Know Nothings and rival Democrats, raging for several hours. The result of the election, in which voter fraud was widespread, was a victory for the Know Nothings by around 9,000 votes.

In 1857, fearing similar violence at the upcoming elections, Governor Thomas W. Ligon ordered Steuart to hold the First Light Division, Maryland Volunteers in readiness. Ligon carried a "painful sense of duty unfulfilled" owing to the violence of the previous year, and was determined to maintain order. However, Mayor Thomas Swann successfully argued for a compromise measure involving special police forces to prevent disorder, and Ligon once again balked at the use of military force. He did not formally rescind the order to Steuart's militia, but rather proclaimed that he did not "contemplate the use, upon that day of the military force which I have ordered to be enrolled and organized."  This time, although there was somewhat less violence than in 1856, the results of the vote were again compromised by the use of force and intimidation. Mayor Swann was duly re-elected, albeit in a heavily disputed ballot.

Slavery and the coming of the Civil War

Steuart's family were slaveholders and strong supporters of the South's "peculiar institution", although they supported the gradual abolition of slavery by voluntary means. In 1828 Steuart served on the board of managers of the Maryland State Colonization Society, of which Charles Carroll of Carrollton, one of the co-signers of the Declaration of Independence, was president. Steuart's father, James Steuart, was vice-president, and his brother Richard Sprigg Steuart was also on the board of managers. The MSCS was a branch of the American Colonization Society, an organization dedicated to returning black Americans to lead free lives in African states such as Liberia. The society proposed from the outset "to be a remedy for slavery", and declared in 1833:
"Resolved, That this society believe, and act upon the belief, that colonization tends to promote emancipation, by affording the emancipated slave a home where he can be happier than in this country, and so inducing masters to manumit who would not do so unconditionally...[so that] at a time not remote, slavery would cease in the state by the full consent of those interested."

In around 1842 Steuart inherited from his uncle William Steuart (1754–1838) "2,000 acres, in several tracts of land, the best of which was Mount Steuart; and 125 slaves", becoming himself a substantial landowner and slaveholder. In 1846 his father James Steuart died, and he inherited Maryland Square, his family's mansion in the western suburbs of Baltimore.

John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry

In 1859 Steuart's militia participated in the suppression of John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, an abortive attempt to ignite a slave rebellion. Steuart personally led six companies of Militia: the City Guard, Law Greys and Shields Guard from Baltimore, and the United Guards, Junior Defenders and Independent Riflemen from the city of Frederick. The departing Baltimore militia were cheered on by substantial crowds of citizens and well-wishers. After Harper's Ferry, militias in the South began to grow in importance as Southerners began to fear slave rebellion inspired by Northern Abolitionists.

The following year, in a letter to the National Intelligencer on November 19, 1860, Steuart congratulated the editors on their support for the Fugitive Slave Acts, and set out his own support for the Supreme Court's 1857 decision to uphold slavery in the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford. He also criticized the recent election of then President-elect Abraham Lincoln on a platform opposed to slavery. Steuart argued for "the invalidity of Lincoln's election, because of the negro votes cast and counted for him in the states of New York, Ohio, and Massachusetts".

In 1861, as war grew closer, Steuart established a family trust, administered by four of his sons, in order to look after his large family. The trust income consisted chiefly of ground rents from his estates.

Civil War

By April 1861 it had become clear that war was inevitable. On April 16 Steuart's eldest son, George H. Steuart, then an officer in the United States Army, resigned his captain's commission to join the Confederacy. On April 19 Baltimore was disrupted by riots, during which Southern sympathizers attacked Union troops passing through the city by rail, causing what were arguably the first casualties of the Civil War. Steuart ordered his militia to assemble, armed and uniformed, to repel the Federal soldiers, as Steuart himself was strongly sympathetic to the Confederacy, along with most of his senior officers. It is possible that he may even have contemplated an invasion of Washington DC. Perhaps knowing this, and no doubt aware that public opinion in Baltimore was divided, Governor Thomas Holliday Hicks refused to order out the militia. Steuart's eldest son commanded one of the city militias during the disturbances of April 1861 and, in a letter to his father, the younger Steuart wrote:
"I found nothing but disgust in my observations along the route and in the place I came to – a large majority of the population are insane on the one idea of loyalty to the Union and the legislature is so diminished and unreliable that I rejoiced to hear that they intended to adjourn...it seems that we are doomed to be trodden on by these troops who have taken military possession of our State, and seem determined to commit all the outrages of an invading army."

Steuart's brother, the physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, was also in Baltimore during the riots and he held a somewhat different view of the state of public opinion in the city:
"I happened to be in Baltimore on the night of the 19th April 1861, and witnessed the outburst of feeling on the part of the people. Generally, when the Massachusetts troops were passing thru the city of Baltimore, it was evident to me that 75 p.c. of the population was in favour of repelling these troops. Instinctively the people seemed to look upon them as intruders, or as invaders of the South, not as defenders of the City of Baltimore. How or by whom the first blow was given can not be now ascertained, but the feeling of resistance was contagious and powerful. The Mayor of the City, nevertheless, though it his duty to keep the peace and protect these troops in their passage thru Baltimore."

Steuart and his son made strenuous efforts to persuade Marylanders to secede from the Union, and to use the militia to prevent the occupation of the State by Union soldiers. But by April 25 his efforts had become largely defensive. In a letter of the same date he wrote to Governor of Virginia John Letcher stating that he was:
"very anxious to hold a strong position at or near the Relay House so as to guard and keep open [railway communications] and at the same time cutting it off from Washington"
Steuart's efforts to persuade Maryland to secede from the Union were in vain. On April 29, the Maryland Legislature voted 53–13 against secession. and the state was swiftly occupied by Union soldiers to prevent any reconsideration.

Flight to Virginia

The political situation remained uncertain until May 13, 1861 when Union troops occupied the state, restoring order and preventing any further move to secession, and by late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. Arrests of Confederate sympathizers soon followed, and General Steuart fled to Charlottesville, Virginia, after which much of his family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government. Maryland Square was seized by the Union Army and re-named Camp Andrew after Massachusetts Governor John Albion Andrew, a noted abolitionist. Union troops were quartered in Steuart's mansion and Jarvis Hospital was soon erected on the grounds of the estate, to care for Federal wounded.

Steuart was not alone in fleeing to Virginia to join the Confederacy. Many members of the newly formed Maryland Line in the Confederate army would be drawn from Steuart's Maryland militia, though at age 71 Steuart was personally judged too old for active service. Despite this, he spent much of the war following the Confederate army and was present at or near a number of battles, including Gettysburg, and the First Battle of Manassas, where he was so close to the fighting that he was actually captured by Union forces. Fortunately, when it was discovered he was not a serving officer in the Confederate army he was soon released.

The cost of war
Steuart is often confused with his eldest son, Brigadier General George H. Steuart, who rose rapidly in the Confederate command, distinguishing himself at the First Battle of Manassas and fighting for the South at many battles including Cross Keys, Winchester and Gettysburg. Wounded, captured and exchanged, the younger Steuart would eventually surrender with General Lee at Appomattox. Local residents in Baltimore would come to know father and son as "The Old General" and "The Young General".

Steuart's third son, Lieutenant William James Steuart (1832–1864), also fought for the Confederacy. During the Battle of the Wilderness he was severely wounded in the hip, and was sent to Guinea station, a hospital for officers in Richmond, Virginia. There, on 21 May 1864, he died. A friend of general Steuart at the University of Virginia wrote to his bereaved father:
"You will not charge me, I trust, with intruding on the sacredness of your grief, if I cannot help giving expression to my deep, heartfelt sympathy with your great sorrow. You have sacrificed so much for the righteous cause already, that I know you will present this last and most precious offering also with the fortitude of your character and the submission of a Christian. Still, I know how valuable this son of yours had been to your interests, how dear to your heart, and I cannot tell you, with what deep and sincere grief I heard of your terrible loss."

Steuart's brother, the physician Richard Sprigg Steuart, chose not to leave Maryland, remaining in his home state throughout the war, though his open support for the Confederacy meant that he too became a fugitive from the federal authorities. Baltimore resident W W Glenn described him as living in constant fear of capture:
"I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. I turned and saw Dr. R. S. Steuart. He has been concealed for more than six months. His neighbors are so bitter against him that he dare not go home, and he committed himself so decidedly on the 19th April and is known to be so decided a Southerner, that it more than likely he would be thrown into a Fort. He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city. He never shows in the day time & is cautious who sees him at any time. He has several negroes in his confidence at different places."

General Steuart corresponded regularly with a friend, Sally J. Newman, in Hilton, Va. during course of the war. In these letters, which are held by the Maryland Historical Society, Steuart deplores Negro suffrage and the general condition of the country.

After the war
Steuart's dedication to the "Lost Cause" of the Confederacy would prove a disaster for him and his family. Although Maryland Square was restored to him after the war, neither he nor his children would live there again. Jarvis hospital was closed in 1865, at the war's end, and in the summer of 1866 the buildings were auctioned off, permitting successful bidders 10 days from the date of auction in which to remove their purchases from the grounds.

After the war Steuart travelled to Europe, but returned to Maryland in 1867, where he died on October 21, 1867, age 77. He is buried at Greenmount Cemetery, Maryland, along with his wife, eldest son and other members of his family.

Family life

Steuart married Ann-Jane Edmondson in Baltimore on May 3, 1836. They had 10 children:

 George H. Steuart (1828–1903), Confederate brigadier general during the American Civil War.
 Isaac Edmondson Steuart (1830–1891). Suffered from mental illness and was "in and out of mental institutions" for much of his life.
 Lieutenant William James Steuart (1832–1864), C.S.A. Killed at the Battle of the Wilderness, 1864.
 Thomas Edmondson Steuart (1834–1866)
 Dr James Henry Steuart (1835–1892)
 Mary Elizabeth Steuart (1837–1840)
 Ann Rebecca Steuart (1839–1865)
 Charles David Steuart (1841–1921). Like his older brother Isaac, suffered from mental illness and was "in and out of mental institutions" for much of his life.
 Margaret Sophia Steuart (1843–1860)
 Henrietta Elizabeth Steuart (1846–1867)

Legacy
Perhaps not surprisingly, as Maryland had remained loyal to the Union, there is no monument to Steuart in his home state. Maryland Square was demolished in 1884, and little trace of his mansion, or Jarvis Hospital, remains today. However, in 1919 the Sisters of Bon Secours themselves opened a hospital, their first in the United States, at 2000 West Baltimore Street, very near the location of the former Jarvis Hospital. The Grace Medical Center continues to flourish today, and forms an important part of the modern neighbourhood, which still retains the name of Steuart Hill.Steuart, William Calvert, Article in Sunday Sun Magazine, "The Steuart Hill Area's Colorful Past", Baltimore, February 10, 1963


Utah's congressional districts

Utah is divided into 4 congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives.  After the 2010 Census, Utah gained one House seat, and a new map was approved by the state legislature and signed into law by Governor Gary Herbert.

The districts are currently represented in the 116th United States Congress by their elected congresspeople. In 2018, a Democratic challenger defeated a Republican incumbent, and changed the congressional delegation to a 3-1 Republican majority. As a result, the 4th district is the most Republican district that is currently held by a Democrat.

Current districts and representatives
List of members of the Utah United States House delegation, district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the CPVI. The delegation has a total of four members: three Republicans and one Democrat.

Historical and present district boundaries
Table of United States congressional district boundary maps in the State of Utah, presented chronologically. All redistricting events that took place in Utah between 1973 and 2013 are shown.

Obsolete districts
Utah Territory's at-large congressional district
Utah's at-large congressional district


156th Wing

The 156th Wing (156 W) is a unit of the Puerto Rico Air National Guard, stationed at Muñiz Air National Guard Base, in Carolina, Puerto Rico. If activated to federal service, the Wing is gained by the United States Air Force Air Mobility Command.

Units
The 156th Airlift Wing consists of the following major units:
 156th Operations Group
 156th Contingency Response Group
 156th Mission Support Group
 156th Medical Group
 198th Airlift Squadron (Divested)

History

Tactical Fighter mission

On 15 October 1962, the Puerto Rico Air National Guard was expanded to a Group status, and the 156th Tactical Fighter Group was recognized and activated by the National Guard Bureau.  The 156th was transferred to Tactical Air Command, with the 198th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron being reassigned from Air Defense Command, becoming at Tactical Fighter Squadron assigned to the 156th TFG.  Other squadrons assigned into the group were the 156th Headquarters, 156th Material Squadron (Maintenance), 156th Combat Support Squadron, and the 156th USAF Dispensary.    With the transfer to TAC, the 198th TFS received F-86H Sabre tactical fighters.

In 1967, F-104C Starfighers (and an F-104D two-seat trainer) were assigned to the 156th, upgrading the group to Mach-2 supersonic tactical fighter-bombers, replacing the elderly F-86H Sabre fighter-bombers.  The F-104C was equipped to carry bombs or rocket pods on under-wing and fuselage points. The upward-firing Lockheed C-2 rocket-boosted ejector seat was standard. The internal 20-mm rotary cannon of the F-104A was retained, as well as the ability to carry an AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missile on each wingtip to fill an air defense interceptor mission.

In 1975, the F-104s were retired, the 198th being the last USAF unit to fly the Starfighters.   They were replaced by A-7D Corsair II ground support aircraft.   Although designed primarily as a ground attack aircraft, it also had limited air-to-air combat capability.

On 12 January 1981, the Boricua Popular Army, also known as the Macheteros, a group of home grown Puerto Rican terrorists advocating separation from the United States and establishment of Puerto Rico as an independent nation, infiltrated Muñiz Air National Guard Base.  Armed with pipe bombs, they destroyed or damaged eleven PRANG aircraft: ten A-7D Corsair IIs and a single F-104 Starfighter being retained for eventual static display as a memorial.  The terrorist attack was the largest on any U.S. Air Force installation since the Vietnam War, although the ongoing hostage situation in Iran at the time overshadowed this incident in the news media.  The eleven Air National Guard jets at Muñiz Air National Guard Base were alleged by socialist organizations to be destined for use against popular insurgents in El Salvador. These allegations were never proven and may have been self-serving propaganda.

At the time, the base had 25 pilots and 900 military personnel assigned, a combination of both part-time Traditional Guardsmen and full-time Air Reserve Technicians (ART) and Active Guard and Reserve (AGR).  The material loss was calculated at $45 million in 1981 dollars.

As a result of the incident, security increased from 11 to 22 personnel with 100% federal funding. The active duty Air Force and the Air National Guard invested $5.5 million in Electronic Security Equipment (ESE), a Master Surveillance Control Facility (MSCF), and added fencing to secure the flight line and operations area. In addition, Muñiz Air National Guard Base was provided a security police manpower package of 18 AGR security police personnel and 46 civilian contract guards.  In short, the installation's flight line and air base security was brought up to a standard comparable to active duty air force bases in the continental United States.

On 1 August 1987, the 156th Tactical Fighter Group reorganized into a Four-Deputy structure according to the new Air National Guard policy.

In 1992, the A-7Ds were retired and were replaced by Block 15 F-16A/B Fighting Falcons modified for the Continental Air Defense mission.  The F-16ADF was a standard Block 15 model converted to air defense fighters for the Air National Guard and would take over the fighter interception mission, providing the primary defense of North America against bombers and cruise missiles.

The unit took part, from 24–28 June 1991, in Granada South exercise, Panama.  From 11–18 August 1991, it deployed to Iquique, Chile for Condor II Exercise and then from 18–24 August 1991, to Asuncion with the Paraguayan Air Force for training. From 7–20 September 1991, it deployed to Fortunata II, Volk Field, Wisconsin and then again from 2–6 December 1991, to Granada South, Panama.

In March 1992, with the end of the Cold War, the 156th Tactical Fighter Group adopted the Air Force Objective Organization plan, and the unit was re-designated as the 156th Fighter Group. A few months later, on 1 June 1992, Tactical Air Command was inactivated as part of the Air Force reorganization after the end of the Cold War and was replaced by Air Combat Command (ACC), which became the 156th's new gaining command.

From 20 February to 6 March 1993, the unit took part in the "Caminos de Paz" exercise at Golfito, and then deployed from 12–21 August 1993, to Asunción, Paraguay, marking its First F-16 Deployment. From 5–13 November 1994, the unit took part in the Condor III Exercise held in Iquique, Chile.

In October 1995, in accordance with the Air Force "One Base - One Wing" policy, the status of the 157th was upgraded to a wing status and redesignated as the 156th Fighter Wing with the 198th Fighter Squadron being assigned to the newly established 156th Operations Group.

Airlift mission

On 22 November 1997, unit received its first  C-130s while celebrating its 50th federal recognition Anniversary.  On 10 February 1998, the Air Force announced conversion of the 156th Fighter Wing from its F-16 fighter aircraft to C-130E Hercules Airlifters.  On 3 March 1998 the last F-16 departed from the 156th Fighter Wing. On 11 September 1998 a ceremony was held to mark the arrival of the first C-130. On 1 October 1998, the Department of the Air Force issued the official order designating the 156th Fighter Wing as 156th Airlift Wing. The 156th was subsequently transferred to the Air Mobility Command (AMC), being re-designated as the 156th Airlift Wing (156 AW).

Beginning in June 1999, the major mission for the Wing became support of Operation Coronet Oak, which was transferred from Howard AFB, Panama when the base was closed as part of the turnover of the Panama Canal.   The main Coronet Oak mission is to deliver special forces to any location in theater as directed by Southern Command.  Air Force Reserve Command and Air National Guard C-130 aircraft, aircrews and supporting personnel deploy from the United States to Muniz ANGB to provide theater airlift support for the U.S. Southern Command.  One C-130 of the unit is on alert 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year, in order to deliver special forces as required.

Coronet Oak shares the Muñiz flight line with the Puerto Rico Air National Guard.

The 156th retired the C-130Es in 2012, being one of the last units still operating the type.  Six WC-130Hs were transferred to the unit from the Tennessee Air National Guard. The problem here was that these aircraft were configured primarily as Hurricane Hunters. They had not received upgrades added to regular C-130H airlifters, the WC-130Hs arrived stripped of their weather reconnaissance equipment and configured for the cargo carrying mission.

Loss of flying mission
On 10 April 2019, the wing was redesignated the 156th Wing to reflect its transition to a new mission, which will combine contingency response and combat communications.  While the designation change was effective in April 2019, the unit's transition to the new mission is expected to take three years.

Contingency Response Mission
The 156th Contingency Response Group was established on 1 January 2020 and it will become a two squadron group.

Lineage
 Established as the 156th Fighter Group (Air Defense) and allotted to Puerto Rico Air National Guard in 1958
 Received federal recognition and activated on 10 April 1958
 Redesignated 156th Tactical Fighter Group c. 1 April 1964
 Redesignated 156th Fighter Group on 15 March 1992
 Redesignated: 156th Fighter Wing on 1 October 1995
 Redesignated: 156th Airlift Wing on 1 October 1998
 Redesignated 156th Wing on 10 April 2019

Assignments
 Puerto Rico Air National Guard, 10 April 1958
 Gained by Air Defense Command, 10 April 1958
 Gained by Tactical Air Command, c. 1 April 1964
 Gained by Air Combat Command, 1 June 1992
 Gained by Air Mobility Command, 1 October 1998 – present

Components
 Groups
 156th Medical Group (see 156th USAF Dispensary)
 156th Mission Support Group, March 1994 – present
 156th Operations Group (Flying Ops), 1 March 1994 – 31 December 2019
 156th Operations Group (Non-kinetic), 1 January 2020 - present
 156th Contingency Response Group, 1 January 2020 – present

 Squadrons
 Operational squadrons
 198th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron (later 198th Tactical Fighter Squadron, 198th Fighter Squadron, 198th Airlift Squadron), 10 April 1958 – 31 December 2019
 141st Tactical Control Squadron (later 141st Air Control Squadron), c. 1982 – 1 March 1994

 Support squadrons
 156th Air Base Squadron (later 156th Combat Support Sq, 156th Mission Support Squadron), 10 April 1958 – 1 March 1994
 156th Civil Engineering Squadron (see 156th Civil Engineering Flight)
 156th Consolidated Aircraft Maintenance Squadron (later 156th Maintenance Squadron), 1 January 1959 – 1 March 1994
 156th Information Systems Squadron (see 156th Communications Flight)
 156th Materiel Squadron, 10 April 1958 – c. 10 May 1964
 156th Medical Squadron (see 156th USAF Dispensary)
 156th Resource Management Squadron, 1 July 1979 – 1 March 1994
 156th Security Police Squadron (see 156th Weapons System Security Flight)
 156th Supply Squadron, 20 May 1964 – 31 May 1973

 Flights
 156th Civil Engineering Flight (later 156th Civil Engineering Squadron), 1 November 1969 – 1 March 1994
 156th Communications Flight (later 156th Information Systems Squadron, 156th Communications Flight), 14 June 1966 – 1 March 1994
 156th Mobility Support Flight, 31 May 1973 – 31 March 79
 156th Weapons System Security Flight (later 156th Security Police Flight, 156th Security Police Squadron), 31 May 1973 – 1 March 1994
 156th Services Flight, c. 1 March 1988 – 1 March 1994
 198th Weather Flight, c. 29 August 61 – c. 25 October 65
 156th Student Flight, 1 March 1994 - present

 Other
 156th USAF Dispensary (later 156th Tactical Dispensary, 156th Tactical Clinic, 156th Medical Squadron, 156th Medical Group), 10 April 1958 – present

Stations
 Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport (later Muñiz Air National Guard Base), Puerto Rico, 10 April 1958 – present

Aircraft

 F-86H Sabre, 1958-1967
 F-104C/D Starfighter, 1967-1975
 A-7D Corsair II, 1975-1992

 Block 15 F-16A/B Fighting Falcon, 1992-1998
 C-26A Metroliner, 1992-1998
 C-130E Hercules, 1998 – 2013
 WC-130H Hercules, 2013 – 2 May 2018

Decorations
 Air Force Outstanding Unit Award


Nasser Ebrahimi

Nasser Ebrahimi (born 20 August 1940 in Isfahan, Iran) is an Iranian retired football player and manager. Ebrahimi began playing football with the Shahin in the age of 22. He was joined to the Taj in 1968. He also played for Bargh from 1970 to 1979. He was retired in 1979.

He was assistant head coach of Iran for three times. He was head coach of national team from 1984 to 1985. He was also assistant head coach of Persepolis.


Peter Borwick

Peter Malise Borwick was an English cricketer active in 1932 who played for Northamptonshire (Northants). He was born in York on 21 November 1913 and died in Haselbeach, Northamptonshire on 23 December 1983. He appeared in three first-class matches as a righthanded batsman who bowled left-arm orthodox spin. He scored 25 runs with a highest score of 11 and took three wickets with a best performance of one for 25.

Notes


OldTown White Coffee

OldTown Berhad (doing business as OldTown White Coffee; ; ) is Malaysia's largest halal-certified kopi tiam restaurant chain in Ipoh, Perak established since 1999. The company manufactures instant beverage mixes and products, in addition to operating over 237 café outlets throughout Malaysia and the region such as Singapore, China, Indonesia and Australia, as well planning to expand into Vietnam, South Korea and Bangladesh. In 2005, the company expanded into the food service sector with the opening of a chain of café outlets based on the traditional Ipoh coffee shop setting and ambience under the brand name "OldTown White Coffee". OldTown now exports its instant beverage mixes to more than 14 countries was publicly listed on Bursa Malaysia as main board.

In 2017, OldTown Berhad, is on the verge of being taken over by a Dutch company that specialists in the beverage industry worldwide.

Following an offer, valued at RM1.47 billion, from Jacobs Douwe Egberts Holdings Asia NL BV (JDE).

JDE made an offer of RM3.18 per share for OldTown, which was a premium of RM0.30 over the company's share price of RM2.88 as at Dec 7, 2017.

Domestic market
In 2013, OldTown has 200 stores in Malaysia. The group achieved the 200th outlet in a period of 7 years. In 2017, taken over by Jacobs Douwe Egberts Holdings Asia NL BV (JDE).

Overseas expansion

Singapore
As of 2015, there are 10 OldTown White Coffee outlets in Singapore. These outlets are certified halal by the Islamic Religious Council of Singapore (Muis).

Indonesia
Currently OldTown has 16 outlets in Indonesia in areas such as Java and Bali and plans to triple the number of outlets it has by five years.

Australia
OldTown planned to open 40 outlets in Australia in 10 years. In August 2015, Australia's first OldTown outlet was opened at Elizabeth St in Melbourne, but later closed in 2017.

China
As of 2015, OldTown has four café outlets in China.

Awards and recognition


Gael Linn Cup 1964

The 1964 Gael Linn Cup, the most important representative competition for elite level participants in the women's team field sport of camogie, was won by Munster, who defeated Leinster in the final, played at Cahir.

Arrangements
Peggy Dorgan scored 3–1 (she was to miss the final through injury) as five counties, all except Kerry, were represented on the Munster team that defeated Ulster by 7–3 to 2–4 at Roscrea. Connacht were unable to travel to meet Leinster and withdrew from the competition. In the other semi-final, The Griffin sisters, Terry and Kathleen, withdrew from the Munster team for the final at Cahir owing to the death of their father. The final was level four times before a Late Ann Carroll point enabled Munster to defeat Leinster 2–6 to 3–2 to retain the trophy. Agnes Hourigan wrote in the Irish Press: Munster had more of the play territorially but faulty shooting cost them many scores. After a switch in the Leinster team between Judy Doyle and Mary Walsh brought a great rally and a goal and a point which put Leinster in front, Munster put in a great finish when they drew level and then went ahead with a point to snatch victory.

Final stages

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Horsa Bridge

Horsa Bridge, also known as Ranville Bridge, over the Orne river, was, along with Pegasus Bridge, captured during Operation Deadstick by gliderborne troops of the 2nd Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry (the 52nd) in a coup de main operation in the opening minutes of D-Day, 6 June 1944. The seizing of both bridges was considered to be critical to securing the eastern flank of the Normandy landings area, preventing German armour from reaching the British 3rd Infantry Division which was due to start landing on Sword at 07.25hrs. Horsa Bridge, a road bridge, was over 400 yards east of Pegasus Bridge towards the village of Ranville.

Renaming of the bridge
Following the capture of the bridge over the Orne, members of the coup de main operation supported naming the bridge 'Light Infantry Bridge'. The captured Benouville Bridge had been sign-boarded Pegasus Bridge. After the Second World War the bridge over the Orne became known as Horsa Bridge, in recognition of the Horsa gliders that had carried the troops to the bridge. The original bridge, which was a steel lattice swing bridge, was replaced in 1971; however, some of the original bridge support structure remains. In June 1989, on the forty-fifth anniversary of D-Day, the mayor of Ranville unveiled a plaque to commemorate the capture of the river bridge, and the bridge was officially named Horsa Bridge. The memorial plaque was dedicated to the glider pilots and Lieutenant Dennis Fox's and Lieutenant Tod Sweeney's platoons, which had captured the bridge before the Allied invasion of the Normandy beaches began.

Book and film
The operation to capture the bridges was portrayed in the book The Longest Day by Cornelius Ryan and the eponymous film of 1962.


Homidiana canace

Homidiana canace is a moth of the  family Sematuridae. It is known from the Neotropics, including Brazil and Colombia.


Varanasi City railway station

Varanasi City Railway Station is one of the Railway Stations in Varanasi. It is 4 km Northeast of Varanasi Junction Railway Station, 10 km northeast of Banaras Hindu University and 23 km southeast of Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport. It serves as terminal station due to heavy rush at Varanasi Junction.

Passenger Amenities

At Varanasi City Railway Station, there are 5 Platforms. There is one entry at the Station. Because of heavy rush at Varanasi Junction the Railway Board decided to develop Manduadih Railway Station and Varanasi City Railway Station as satellite stations. Now, Varanasi city is the headquarter station of the North Eastern Railway (Varanasi City Division). Earlier Varanasi Junction was the headquarter of the North Eastern Railway but later North Eastern Railway changed the headquarter. As Varanasi Junction falls under the Northern Railway, Lucknow Charbagh Division. The station is well connected with the cities like Ghazipur, Mau, Darbhanga, Chhapra, Mumbai, Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Kanpur, etc.

Express trains originating from Varanasi City

Passenger trains originating from Varanasi City


2018–19 FC Banants season

The 2018–19 season was FC Banants's eighteenth consecutive season in the Armenian Premier League.

Season events
On 11 August 2018, Ilshat Fayzulin was appointed as Banants caretaker manager following the resignation of Artur Voskanyan.
On 5 September, Fayzulin was confirmed as the new permanent head coach of Banants.

Squad

Transfers

Summer

In:

Out:

Winter

In:

Out:

Competitions

Armenian Premier League

Results

Table

Armenian Cup

UEFA Europa League

Qualifying rounds

Statistics

Appearances and goals

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|colspan="14"|Players who left Banants during the season:

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Goal scorers

Disciplinary Record


Alphasyllabic numeral system

Alphasyllabic numeral systems are a type of numeral systems, developed mostly in India starting around 500 AD. Based on various alphasyllabic scripts, in this type of numeral systems glyphs of the numerals are not abstract signs, but syllables of a script, and numerals are represented with these syllable-signs. On the basic principle of these systems, numeric values of the syllables are defined by the consonants and vowels which constitute them, so that consonants and vowels are - or are not in some systems in case of vowels - ordered to numeric values. While there are many hundreds of possible syllables in a script, and since in alphasyllabic numeral systems several syllables receive the same numeric value, so
the mapping is not  injective.

Alphasyllabaries
The basic principle of the Indian alphasyllabaries is a set of 33 consonant-signs, which are combined with a set of about 20 diacritic marks that indicate vowels of the brahmi scripts, these produce a set of signs for syllables; unmarked consonant-signs denote the syllable with the inherent vowel ’a’.

Indian alphasyllabic numeration
Starting around 500 AD, Indian astronomers and astrologers began to use this new principle for numeration with assigning numeral values to the phonetic signs of various Indian alphasyllabic scripts – the brahmi scripts. Earlier 20th-century scholars supposed that the Indian grammarian Pāṇini used alphasyllabic numerals already in the 7th century BC. Since there is no direct evidence for any alphasyllabic numeration in India until about 510 AD, recently this theory is not supported.

These systems, known collectively as varnasankhya systems, were considered to be distinct from other Indian systems – i.e. brahmi or kharosthi numerals - that had abstract numeral-signs. Alike the alphabetic systems of Europe and the Middle East, these systems used phonetic signs of a script for numeration, but they were more flexible than those. Three significant systems of them: Āryabhaṭa numeration, katapayadi system, and the aksharapalli numerals.

Alphasyllabic numeration are very important for understanding Indian astronomy, astrology, and numerology, since Indian astronomical texts were written in Sanskrit verse, which had strict metrical form. These systems had the advantage of being able to give any word a numerical value, and to find many words corresponding to one given number. This made possible the construction of various mnemonics to aid scholars and students, and would have served a prosodic function.

Structure

Structure of the Indian alphasyllabic numeration systems differs basically from one another. Though in each of the systems consonants and vowels are ordered to numeric values, thereby each syllable has a numeric value, but on the base of each system’s own rules. In various systems the V, CV, CCV syllables receive different values, and the methods, how the numbers are represented by these syllables, are quite different.

Āryabhaṭa numeration system operates on the additive principle, so that the number’s value, which is represented in it, is computed as the sum of each syllable’s numeric value. In his mapping, the consonants are ordered from 1 to 25, then by tens from 30 to 100. Each successive vowel is ordered to the different exponent of 100. In Āryabhaṭa numeration’s the diacritic signs, which mark vowels, multiply the value of the syllable’s consonant by the given power of 100. Direction of his script is right to left, which reflects the order of the Sanskrit lexical numerals.

In katapayadi system, syllables have the numeric values only from 0 to 9. To each V, CV and CCV syllable is given a value between 0 and 9. In this way each number between 0 and 9 are ordered to several syllables. Unlike Aryabhata's system, changing the vowel in the syllable doesn’t change the syllable’s numerical value. The number’s value, which is represented in this way, is given as positional number with one syllable on each position. Direction of this script is right to left.

In aksharapalli system, syllables were assigned the numerical values 1-9, 10-90, but never as high as 1000. According to S. Chrisomalis there was never a single regular system for correlating signs with numeral values in this system. It was used widely for paginating books, aksharapalli numerals were written in the margins from top to bottom.

Systems
Āryabhaṭa numeration
Katapayadi system
Aksharapalli


Arthur Cowper Ranyard

Arthur Cowper Ranyard (21 June 1845 – 14 December 1894) was an English astrophysicist.

Life
Born at Swanscombe, Kent, he was son of Benjamin Ranyard by his wife Ellen Henrietta Ranyard (née White). Ranyard attended University College School, London, from 1857 to 1860, afterwards proceeding to University College. Here the influence of Professor Augustus De Morgan led him to concentrate his attention on mathematics and astronomy, and he formed an intimate friendship with the professor's son George. In 1864 the two friends formed the plan for a society for the special study of mathematics, and issued a circular inviting attendance at the first meeting of "the University College Mathematical Society" on 7 Nov. 1864. The first meeting mentioned in the minutes of the society, however, was held on 16 January 1865, when De Morgan was elected president, and Messrs. Cozens-Hardy and Henry Mason Bompas secretaries. After the president's inaugural address Ranyard read the first paper, 'On Determinants'. The new association received the support of eminent mathematicians, and ultimately developed into the present London Mathematical Society.

Proceeding to Cambridge, Ranyard entered Pembroke College in October 1865, and graduated M.A. in 1868. Adopting the law as his profession, he was called to the bar (Lincoln's Inn) in 1871; but his tastes lay in the direction of science, and his means enabled him to devote much of his time to astronomy. He became a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1863, was a member of the council (1872–88 and 1892–4), and was secretary (1874–80). He was assistant secretary of the expedition for observing the total solar eclipse of 1870, and made a successful series of polariscopic observations at  in Sicily. In 1878 he went to Colorado to view the solar eclipse of that year, which he observed and photographed at a station near Denver In 1882 he observed and photographed the total solar eclipse at Sohag in Upper Egypt.

He took an interest in public affairs, and in 1892 was elected a member of the London County Council, where he did important work, especially in connection with the new (London) Building Act, which passed into law in the summer of 1894.

In 1872 he made with James Lindsay experiments on photographic irradiation, and in 1886 he investigated the relation between brightness of object, time of exposure, and intensity of photographic action.

Ranyard, who was unmarried, lived a somewhat retired life of laborious industry. He was a man of generous spirit, extremely conscientious, and completely devoted to duty. He died of cancer, at his house in Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, on 14 December 1894. A portrait is given in ‘Knowledge’ for February 1895.

Works
His most extensive work in astronomy was the eclipse volume of the Royal Astronomical Society, in which are systematised and discussed the observations of all solar eclipses down to 1878. It was begun with Sir George Airy, but soon devolved on Ranyard alone. Started in 1871, it was completed in 1879.

In 1888 his friend Richard Anthony Proctor died, leaving his major work, Old and New Astronomy, incomplete, and Ranyard undertook to finish it for the benefit of the author's family. The chapters which are entirely by Ranyard are those on the universe of stars, the construction of the Milky Way, and the distribution of nebulae. He also succeeded Proctor as editor of Knowledge, to which he contributed a long series of articles upon the sun and moon, the milky way, the stellar universe, star-clusters, the density of nebulae, &c. These papers give his mature views on many problems. His most important investigations were those on nebulae, the density of which he concluded to be extremely low, even compared with the Earth's atmosphere, and on star-clusters, which he regarded as showing evidence of the ejection of matter from a centre, and not gradual condensation, as supposed by Pierre-Simon Laplace


Larry McKibben

Larry E. McKibben (born January 5, 1947 in Marshalltown, Iowa) was the Iowa State Senator from the 22nd District. He had served in the Iowa Senate since 1997 and was an assistant minority leader until he retired in 2008.  He received his B.A. (1970) from the University of Northern Iowa and his J.D. (1972) from the University of Iowa College of Law.  He was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1973. McKibben served on several committees in the Iowa Senate - the Commerce committee; the State Government committee; the Veterans Affairs committee; the Judiciary committee, where he was ranking member; and the Ways and Means committee, where he was ranking member.  He also served on the Transportation, Infrastructure, and Capitals Appropriations Subcommittee.  McKibben was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives, District 3, in 1998. McKibben was re-elected in 2004 with 14,185 votes (51%), defeating Democratic opponent Wayne Sawtelle. He did not rerun in the 2008 Iowa Senate elections.

Publications
Granting Parole in Iowa: A Time for Change, Iowa Advocate, Vol. X, No. 3, Spring, 1972


Felton, Pennsylvania

Felton is a borough in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 506 at the 2010 census. The borough is located within the Red Lion Area School District. Local services include the Felton Fire Company and the Felton US Post Office.

Geography
Felton is located at  (39.854751, -76.564245).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of , all of it land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 449 people, 173 households, and 131 families living in the borough. The population density was 688.4 people per square mile (266.7/km²). There were 182 housing units at an average density of 279.1 per square mile (108.1/km²). The racial makeup of the borough was 98.44% White, 0.45% African American, 0.45% Asian, 0.67% from other races.

There were 173 households out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.8% were married couples living together, 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23.7% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the borough the population was spread out with 21.2% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 26.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 104.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.0 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $42,353, and the median income for a family was $53,125. Males had a median income of $36,607 versus $22,679 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $19,322. About 4.1% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.5% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.


Valdemar de Silveira

Valdemar de Silveira (born 9 March 1916) was a Brazilian weightlifter. He competed in the men's heavyweight event at the 1952 Summer Olympics.


Francesca Tu

Francesca Tu (born 1943) is a Chinese-born German film and television actress.

Selected filmography

Film
 The Face of Fu Manchu (1965)
 The Brides of Fu Manchu (1966)
 You Only Live Twice (1967)
 Lotus Flowers for Miss Quon (1967)
 Diamonds for Breakfast (1968)
 Don't Raise the Bridge, Lower the River (1968)
 The Blood of Fu Manchu (1968)
 Salt and Pepper (1968)
 The Chairman (1969)
 Liebling, sei nicht albern! (1970)
 Welcome to the Club (1971)
 The Hunting Party (1971)

Television
 Danger Man (1965, 1 episode)
 Hugh and I Spy  (1968, 1 episode)
 Department S (1969, 1 episode)
 The Troubleshooters (1969, 1 episode)
 Jason King (1972, 1 episode)
 Tatort (1973, 1 episode)


Indy Rahmawati

Indy R Rahmawati (born in Bandung on April 1, 1971) is an Indonesian news anchor and  producer in TvOne. She has moved into the television world in 1999. Indy started her career as a journalist with SCTV in 1999 to 2006 before moving to antv in 2006 to 2008. Then continued her career as a presenter with TvOne in 2008 to present.


The Polish-Catholic Church in United Kingdom () is a Polish-Catholic Church in United Kingdom registered under number SC594199.

History
The Polish-Catholic Church in Great Britain was initiated by the faithful from the Polish-Catholic Parish of Our Lady of Czestochowa in Glasgow in April 2018, who wanting to avoid disputes between the authorities of the Old Catholic Church in the Republic of Poland to which they belonged, decided to establish a church in Great Britain. The church currently has only one parish, two chapels and a group of believers of the Belarusian language. Bishop Andrew Hall was chosen as the church's superior in April 12, 2018. He embraced this position until July 31, 2018.
The initial assumption of the Church is to establish cooperation with other Polish-Catholic Churches operating in Poland, Germany and the United States.

Theology
According to the church law which is currently in force, the Polish-Catholic Church professes Catholic faith, morality and principles as set forth in the Bible, formulated in common symbols of faith and decisions of the First seven Ecumenical Councils. The Polish-Catholic Church has many similarities to the Roman Catholic liturgy in that it expresses Trinitarian doctrine, Marian devotion and reverence for the saints. The church also employs the traditional Catholic liturgical calendar.

The central point of spiritual life within the church is the Eucharist, which is understood as the re-presentation of the redeeming sacrifice of Christ. The church also pays reverence to the angels, apostles, martyrs and saints, keeping among them a special place for the Virgin Mary.

According to the church, a sin is an intentional and voluntary breaking of God’s or the church’s commandments. The seven deadly sins are pride, envy, lust, anger, greed, sloth, and gluttony. Penitents gain the absolution of sins by participating in the sacrament confession, where sins are confessed in the presence of a priest in order to gain absolution. The conditions of a good confession are:
 Examination of conscience
 Repentance
 Firm purpose of amendment
 Sincere confession
 Compensation to God and neighbours.

There are one form of confession exercised in Polish-Catholic Church in United Kingdom: individual (other Polish-Catholic churches are also corporate). Individual confession takes place privately with a priest, while corporate confession is exercised as a separate public ceremony in front of the altar, or as a part of Mass during the Act of Penitence. Individual confession is obligatory for all faithful . It is believed that proper and frequent reception of the sacrament of confession will allow an individual to grow in the spiritual life.

Clergy
A priest can only be a man who has completed the relevant theological studies. Candidates also need approval from Church authorities. Clergy of the Polish-Catholic Church are not bound to celibacy.

List of superiors
 August 1, 2018–May 12, 2019 – Archbishop Arthur Wiecinski
 April 12–July 31, 2018 – Bishop Andrew Hall


Voiced retroflex lateral approximant

The voiced retroflex lateral approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is l`.

The retroflex lateral approximant contrasts phonemically with its voiceless counterpart  in Iaai and Toda. In both of these languages it also contrasts with more anterior , which are dental in Iaai and alveolar in Toda.

Features
Features of the voiced retroflex lateral approximant:

Occurrence
In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between apical  and laminal .


The Third North Carolina Provincial Congress was the third of five extra-legal unicameral bodies that met between 1774 and 1776 in North Carolina.  They were modeled after the colonial lower house (House of Burgesses).  These congresses created a government structure, issued bills of credit to pay for the movement, and organized an army for defense, in preparation for the state of North Carolina.   These congresses paved the way for the first meeting of the North Carolina General Assembly on April 7, 1777 in New Bern, North Carolina.

The third congress met in Hillsborough, from August 20 to September 10, 1775.  Its president was Samuel Johnston (The Second congress president, John Harvey had recently died).

Legislation
This congress, which included representatives of all 35 counties and nine towns (also called districts), officially established itself as the highest governmental body in the province after British Governor Josiah Martin had fled, ending royal government rule.  The last Province of North Carolina General Assembly had met on April 48, 1875 before Governor Martin disbanded its House of Burgesses.

The congress divided the state into 6 military districts for purposes of organizing militia and for determining representation on a new Provincial Council.  These districts included Edenton, Halifax, Hillsborough, New Bern, Salisbury, and Wilmington.  Later, an additional district, Morgan, was added for the western part of the state, including counties that eventually became part of Tennessee (Davidson, Greene, and Washington).  Much of the deliberations of the congress dealt with safety of its residents and preparation for war with Great Britain.

Provincial Council and Committees of Safety
To govern North Carolina when the congress was not in session, a 13-member Provincial Council was elected, constituting the first executive body in a North Carolina free of British rule. Cornelius Harnett was elected as the first president of the council.

The following members were elected to the council by the delegates:
 The Honorable Samuel Johnston, Esquire; Cornelius Harnett and Samuel Ashe, Esquires, Wilmington District
 Thomas Jones and Whitmell Hill, Esquires, Edenton District
 Abner Nash and James Coor, Esquires, New Bern District
 Thomas Person and John Kinchen, Esquires, Hillsborough District
 Willie Jones and Thomas Eaton, Esquires, Halifax District
 Samuel Spencer and Waightstill Avery, Esquires, Salisbury District

The delegates formed a Committee of Safety at the state level.  The delegates also elected members of the military district Committees of Safety "for their common defence against their Enemies, for the Security of their Liberties and properties".  These committees at the district level would become the roots of the militias.  The following persons were elected to the Committees of Safety for military districts:
 Wilmington District: Frederick Jones, Sampson Mosely, Archibald Maclaine, Richard Quince, Thomas Davis, William Cray, Henry Rhodes, Thomas Routledge, James Kenan, Alexander McAlister, George Mylne, John Smith and Benjamin Stone.
 Edenton District:  Luke Sumner, William Gray, John Johnston, Thomas Benbury, Gideon Lamb, Joseph Jones, Miles Harvey, Lawrence Baker, Kenneth McKinzie, Stevens Lee, Charles Blount, Isaac Gregory and Day Ridley.
 Hillsborough District:  William Taylor, Joseph Taylor, Samuel Smith, John Atkinson, John Butler, William Johnston, John Hinton, Joel Lane, Michael Rogers, Ambrose Ramsey, Mial Scurlock, John Thompson and John Lark.
 New Bern District:  John Easton, Major Croom, Roger Ormond, Edward Salter, George Barrow, William Thomson, William Tisdale, Benjamin Williams, Richard Ellis, Richard Cogdell, William Brown, James Glasgow and Alexander Gaston.
 Salisbury District:  John Crawford, James Auld, Hezekiah Alexander, Benjamin Patten, John Brevard, Griffith Rutherford, William Hill, John Hamlin, Charles Galloway, William Dent, Robert Ewart and Maxwell Chambers.
 Halifax District:  James Leslie, John Bradford, David Sumner, Allen Jones, William Eaton, Drury Gee, John Norwood, the Revd Henry Pattillo, James Mills, William Bellamy, William Haywood, Duncan Lamon and John Webb.

Delegates

There were 213 delegates, representing 35 counties and 8 towns/districts in North Carolina.

Notes:


Lynda Lehmann

Lynda Lehmann (born 14 November 1958) is an Australian sprint canoeist who competed in the early to mid-1990s. Competing in two Summer Olympics, she earned her best finish of eighth in the K-4 500 m event twice (1992, 1996).


Ndon Eyo

Ndon Eyo is a village in Etinan local government area of Akwa Ibom State.


Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights

The Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights (BYSHR) is a human rights organization of Bahrain founded in March 2005 which was active in the Bahraini uprising. The group "organises training workshops, monitors and documents human rights violations and participates in forming a regional network for young human rights activists in eight Arab countries". Mohammed al-Maskati serves as its president. The organization was found by Mohammed al-Maskati and Hussain Jawad (who also served as its Vice-President) among others.

Early history
The group's activities have included protesting for the freedom of Egyptian blogger Kareem Amer as well as reporting on domestic human trafficking in Bahrain.

In June 2005, the BYSHR attempted to register as a non-governmental organization with the Bahraini government, but was refused. When the group nonetheless continued its work, al-Maskati was summoned to court in 2007 on charges of leading an "unregistered organization", which carried a maximum sentence of six months imprisonment. The International Freedom of Expression Exchange issued an appeal for a letter writing campaign on his behalf, describing the arrest as "just the latest example of the government using judicial measures to silence human rights activists". Al-Maskati's trial was later postponed until 2009, In June 2010, al-Maskati was found guilty and ordered to pay a fine of 500 Bahraini dinar. The Bahrain Centre for Human Rights protested the sentence, describing it as "a continuation of the Authority's policy in Bahrain to restrict civil society institutions".

Role in the Bahraini uprising
In February 2011, Bahrain saw a series of large-scale pro-democracy protests as part of the international Arab Spring. The BYSHR were active at Pearl Roundabout in the capital of Manama, which quickly became a center for the protests. Among the protestors' demands were a new constitution and the replacement of Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa—an uncle of Bahrain's king who had held the post since 1971—with an elected official.

On 1 June, following the end of eleven weeks of martial law, the group participated in a series of coordinated protests across Bahrain, particularly in Shiite-majority villages unhappy with Bahrain's Sunni royal family.


Blow Up Your Video

Blow Up Your Video is the eleventh studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC.  It was the band's tenth internationally released studio album and the eleventh to be released in Australia. The album was re-released in 2003 as part of the AC/DC Remasters series.

Recording
Writing sessions for Blow Up Your Video took place in London's Nomis Studio in July 1987, with the band convening at Miraval Studio in Le Val in Provence in the south of France in August and September with Harry Vanda and George Young, the production team behind the band's early albums.  This was also the final studio album to feature drummer Simon Wright.

In a 2008 Rolling Stone cover story, George Young admitted to David Fricke that the Blow Up Your Video session was when he realized his brother Malcolm, who had always been a heavy drinker, was in the grips of alcoholism: "I saw the signs.  Malcolm had a problem.  I said if he didn't get his act together, I was out of there.  I don't recall it having any effect."

The band recorded 16 tracks during the sessions, including the unreleased songs "Let It Loose" and "Alright Tonight," as well as other versions of "Heatseeker", and "That's the Way I Wanna Rock 'n' Roll."  Two additional songs, "Snake Eye" and "Borrowed Time", were recorded but not featured on the album. The song "Down On The Borderline" was recorded, but not released until 1990 as a B-side. All three of these songs were later included on Backtracks in 2009.  Demo tracks for the songs "Let it Loose" and "Alright Tonight" were stolen and bootlegged, so they were omitted from the final album cut.

Although he wrote all the lyrics on the album, it would be the last on which Brian Johnson was credited as a songwriter (all songs on subsequent albums were written by the Young brothers).

The title of the album was taken from a line in the song "That's The Way I Wanna Rock 'n' Roll."  In 1988 Angus explained the title to MTV Australia: "We were probably a band that's best seen in a live situation and that's how the title came about...'Cause everything's automatic these days.  A kid can flick on the button on a T.V., he's got a remote control and he can zoom through everything and get it coming in from all over the world.  You can turn on your radio and get rock coming in from America.  For us, the best thing as a band it was always we were great onstage."

Tour
The band began a world tour in Perth on 22 February, playing 16 dates in Australia for the first time in seven years.  The band played four tracks from Blow Up Your Video on the tour: "Heatseeker," "That's the Way I Wanna Rock 'n' Roll," "Nick of Time" and "Go Zone."

On the eve of the North American leg of the tour (a massive stretch that would run from May to November), Malcolm Young decided not to participate in order to deal with a by-now problematic alcohol addiction.  Unlike Angus, who had always been a teetotaller, Malcolm enjoyed drinking but in recent years it had escalated to the point where it began to affect performances.  The band's former U.S. agent Doug Thaler recalls seeing the band one of the Monsters of Rock shows in 1984: "I'd gone into AC/DC's dressing room and had a scotch with Malcolm and Jonno [Brian Johnson] while Mötley Crüe played.  When AC/DC went out to take the stage, Malcolm had clearly had too much to drink.  And they were playing the song that Angus used to do his guitar solo and strip to, and Malcolm would just barely keep a steady rhythm—he couldn't even do that.  And he fell into the drum kit, and I thought, 'Oh boy, this is not headed any place good.'"

By April 1988, Malcolm recognized he had a problem and, ever mindful of his former band mate Bon Scott's premature passing (the previous AC/DC singer drank himself to death in London in 1980), he began attending AA meetings, confessing to VH1's Behind the Music in 2000, "My drinking overtook my whole thing.  I felt like Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.  I had a talk with Angus...I was letting people down...I wasn't brain-dead, but I was just physically and mentally screwed by the alcohol."  Filling in for him was Malcolm and Angus' nephew, Stevie Young, although Malcolm was present on the rest of the tour and in the Blow Up Your Video promotional videos.  Stevie would also step in for Malcolm in 2014 when it was disclosed that the guitarist was suffering from dementia.

After their last few albums underperformed, this tour brought AC/DC back into the spotlight and their following album, The Razors Edge, proved to be an astounding commercial success.

Reception

The album was the band's biggest-selling album of new material since For Those About to Rock We Salute You, being certified Platinum in the US. Blow Up Your Video reached #2 in the UK and #12 in the US. The album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Hard Rock/Metal Performance Vocal or Instrumental in 1989. In the original Rolling Stone review, Jim Farber wrote, "Fortunately, the Young brothers continue to come up with enough inspired riffs to make the tunnel vision justifiable. In fact, the riffs here add up to the band's catchiest work since its classic album Back in Black."  Greg Prato of AllMusic calls the album "unfocused" and "glutted with such throwaways as 'Nick of Time'..."

Track listing

Two additional songs, "Snake Eye" and "Borrowed Time", were recorded but only released on the 12-inch single versions of "Heatseeker" and "That's the Way I Wanna Rock 'n' Roll", respectively. "Snake Eye" was also included on the 3-inch CD-single for "Heatseeker". The song "Down On The Borderline" was recorded, but not released until 1990, as the B-side of the Australian "Moneytalks" single in 7-inch, 12-inch and CD-single formats. All three of these songs were later included on Backtracks in 2009.

Personnel
Brian Johnson – lead vocals
Angus Young – lead guitar
Malcolm Young – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Cliff Williams – bass guitar, backing vocals
Simon Wright – drums, percussion

Charts

Certification


Orosi

Orosi can refer to:

 Orosí, Costa Rica
 Orosí Volcano in Costa Rica
 Orosi, Iran
 Orosi, California in the USA


Lucknow (Division Graduates Constituency)

Lucknow Division  Graduates Constituency () is one of 100 Legislative Council seats in Uttar Pradesh. This constituency covers Lucknow, Barabanki and Sitapur district.

Members of Legislative Council
2002: Shiv Pal Singh, Independent
2008: Shiv Pal Singh, Independent
2014: Kanti Singh, Independent


96th Regiment of Foot

The 96th Regiment of Foot was a British Army regiment, raised in 1798. Under the Childers reforms it amalgamated with the 63rd (West Suffolk) Regiment of Foot to form the Manchester Regiment.

History

Formation

The regiment was raised in Menorca (then called Minorca) by Lieutenant-General Sir Charles Stuart from German-speaking prisoners of war of Swiss regiments in Spanish service on 12 December 1798.

The regiment embarked for Gibraltar in October 1800 and then sailed on to Abu Qir in Egypt in January 1801 to take part in the Egyptian Campaign.  At the Battle of Alexandria in March 1801, Private Antoine Lutz of the regiment distinguished himself by seizing the colour of the 21st Demi Brigade Legère. The colour had initially been captured by Sergeant Sinclair of the 42nd Regiment of Foot but after Sinclair fell in battle, a French officer recovered the colour for his country. Private Lutz shot the French officer holding the colour and took possession of the colour before being ridden over by French cavalry.  As two dragoons charged towards him, Lutz claimed to have shot the horse from under one, whose life he spared. He returned to the British lines with both the colour and the captured dragoon. The regiment sailed for home in autumn 1801. It was renamed The Queen's Own German Regiment in 1802 and 97th (Queen's Own Germans) Regiment of Foot in January 1805.

Napoleonic Wars
In 1807 members of the regiment were lost in the sinking of the "Prince of Wales". The regiment embarked for Portugal in spring 1808 for service in the Peninsular War. It saw action at the Battle of Vimeiro in August 1808, the Battle of Talavera in July 1809 and the Battle of Bussaco in September 1810. It also fought at the First Siege of Badajoz In February 1811 and the Battle of Albuera in May 1811 before sailing for home in October 1811. The regiment was dispatched to Upper Canada in May 1814 and took part in the Siege of Fort Erie in August 1814 during the War of 1812 before arriving back home in July 1815. It was renumbered as the 96th (Queen's Own Germans) Regiment of Foot in February 1816 and was disbanded at Limerick in Ireland in December 1818.

The Victorian era

The regiment was reformed (and subsequently confirmed as the successor of the predecessor formation with full continuity of battle honours), in response to the threat posed by the French intervention in Spain, in January 1824. The regiment embarked for Halifax, Nova Scotia in summer 1824, transferred to Bermuda in 1825 and then returned to Halifax in 1828 before embarking for home in 1835. Between July 1840 and August 1841, it provided detachments for convict ships sailing to New South Wales, Van Diemen's Land and Western Australia.

In 1843, amid tensions in New Zealand between British settlers and Māoris related to breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi, a detachment from the regiment was dispatched to the North Island of New Zealand. Ten members of the regiment were killed in an incident at Russell in March 1845 when the detachment encountered a large Māori force: the surviving British troops were forced to withdraw.

The regiment embarked for India in 1849 and, after returning to England in 1855, sailed for Gibraltar in 1856. It embarked for Canada in February 1862 to help suppress attacks by Fenians: one of the transport ships had to seek refuge in the Azores for a week in the face of extremely poor weather. The regiment spent only a brief time in Canada, the crisis having subsided, and returned to England in April 1862. The regiment deployed to the Cape of Good Hope in 1863 and then travelled on to India in 1865 before returning home in 1875.

As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 96th was linked with the 63rd (West Suffolk) Regiment of Foot, and assigned to district no. 16 at Wellington Barracks in Ashton-under-Lyne. On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 63rd (West Suffolk) Regiment of Foot to form the Manchester Regiment.

Battle Honours
Battle honours won by the regiment (or its predecessors) were:
Egypt (inherited from the Minorca Regiment) (1801)
Peninsular (inherited from 96th (Queen's Own Germans) Regiment of Foot)
New Zealand (1846-1847)

Colonels of the Regiments
Colonels of the Regiments were:

The Minorca Regiment - (1798)

1798: Lt-Gen. Sir Charles Stuart

97th (later the 96th) (Queen's Own Germans) Regiment of Foot - (1816)

1806–1814: F.M. Thomas Grosvenor
1814–?1818: Gen. Sir Gordon Drummond, GCB
Disbanded in Ireland, 1818

96th Regiment of Foot - (1824)

1824–1832: Lt-Gen. Sir Joseph Fuller, GCH
1832–1834: Lt-Gen. Sir Lionel Smith, 1st Baronet, GCB, GCH
1834–1839: Lt-Gen. Sir William Thornton, KCB
1839–1852: Gen. Sir Lewis Grant, KCH
1852–1855: Lt-Gen. Charles Edward Conyers, CB
1855–1860: Gen. Mildmay Fane
1860–1863: Gen. George Macdonald
1863–1866: Maj-Gen. Sir Charles Warren, KCB
1866–1869: Gen. Hon. Sir Augustus Almeric Spencer, GCB
1869–1872: Lt-Gen. George Thomas Conolly Napier, CB
1872–1877: Lt-Gen. Thomas Crombie
1877–1881: Gen. Thomas Maitland Wilson

Notes


Ocellated dragonet

The ocellated dragonet or scooter dragonet (Neosynchiropus ocellatus) is a species of tropical marine fish in the family Callionymidae. It is native to the southwest Pacific Ocean from southern Japan to the Marquesan Islands.

Name
The Scooter Dragonet is often referred to as the Ocellated Dragonet and, in the aquarium trade, as the Scooter Blenny. This often causes confusion because many then believe that the species is a member of the Blenny family when it is actually not. The same species is also occasionally listed under the scientific name Neosynchiropus ocellatus, and many mistakenly believe they are separate species.

Description
The Scooter Dragonet grows to approximately  long. Viewed from above, it is distinctly diamond-shaped with the horizontal pectoral fins located at its widest point. It is brown and tan with a striped or spotted pattern- males are usually more colorful and have a large sail-like dorsal fin that is bright orange at the base.

Habitat
The Scooter Dragonet is a reef-associated bottom dwelling fish that inhabits shallow, tropical waters, usually sandy lagoons or rocky reefs. They tend to form loose congregations of several individuals, but do not exhibit schooling behavior or other forms of social cooperation. Scooter Dragonets' diet consists almost entirely of Copepods: small zooplankton living in the water column. However, in captivity the Scooter Dragonet can often be acclimated to consuming live, frozen or even artificial foods, such as flakes.


Catharus

{{automatic taxobox
| image = Graycheekedthrush36.jpg
| image_caption = Gray-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus)
| taxon = Catharus
| authority = Bonaparte, 1850
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See list
}}Catharus is a genus of birds in the thrush family Turdidae. It contains the small, mostly insectivorous or omnivorous migrant thrushes of North America and the nightingale-thrushes of Central and South America. Its closest relative is the wood thrush of the monotypic genus Hylocichla,  which is sometimes merged into Catharus.

These are mainly forest birds with large eyes, straight slim bills and fluty voices.

This is a typical New World thrush genus, although representatives of other genera, such as the true thrushes (Turdus) also occur in the region, especially in Central and South America. The breeding range of one species, grey-cheeked thrush, extends into Siberia. The four North American species have all been recorded as vagrants in Europe on multiple occasions, and Swainson's and hermit thrushes have occurred as vagrants in northeast Asia.

Systematics
The genus name Catharus comes from the Ancient Greek  () "pure" or "clean", and refers to the plumage of the orange-billed nightingale-thrush C. aurantiirostris.

The Catharus species are either long-distance migrants or fairly resident birds. They were sometimes split according to this and morphological characters, the migrant group occasionally also including the wood thrush. Comparison of mtDNA cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 as well as nuclear β-fibrinogen intron 7 sequence data indicates that this is incorrect. A later study by Gary Voelker and colleagues (2013) utilized 10 genes (two mitochondrial, two sex-linked and six autosomal) to compare the 12 species of Catharus and Hylocichla mustelina.

Due to the adaptational requirements of the independently acquired long-distance migrant lifestyle, several apparent morphological similarities between supposedly related species are actually due to convergent evolution. The genus colonized Central America shortly after the final formation of the Panamanian Isthmus. Subsequently, in tropical or subtropical forest ecosystems of northern Central America, species diverged to settle more northerly regions, subsequently finding themselves forced to migrate south in winter into more food-rich habitat. The most ancient of these northward divergences was probably Swainson's thrush, and the most recent one the fuscescens-minimus-bicknelli cryptic species complex.

Not only does the aurantiirostris-fuscater-mexicanus-dryas group form a distinct lineage, but so does the "bicknelli-minimus-fuscescens-frantzii-gracilirostris-guttatus-occidentalis" arrangement.

Compared with the rest of species in "Catharus," Swainson's thrush has no close living relatives.

The species are:
 Veery, willow thrush or Wilson's thrush (Catharus fuscescens)
 Gray-cheeked thrush (Catharus minimus)
 Bicknell's thrush (Catharus bicknelli)
 Ruddy-capped nightingale-thrush (Catharus frantzii)
 Black-billed nightingale-thrush (Catharus gracilirostris)
 Hermit thrush (Catharus guttatus)
 Russet nightingale-thrush (Catharus occidentalis)
 Swainson's thrush or olive-backed thrush (Catharus ustulatus)
 Orange-billed nightingale-thrush (Catharus aurantiirostris)
 Slaty-backed nightingale-thrush (Catharus fuscater)
 Black-headed nightingale-thrush (Catharus mexicanus)
 Gould's nightingale-thrush (Catharus dryas)
 Sclater’s nightingale-thrush (Catharus maculatus'')


Crook's Tour

Crook's Tour is a 1941 British film directed by John Baxter featuring Charters and Caldicott. It is adapted from a BBC radio serial of the same name.

Plot
Charters (Basil Radford) and Caldicott (Naunton Wayne) are touring the Middle East. After visiting Saudi Arabia they find themselves in Baghdad where they are mistaken by a group of German spies for the messengers who are to carry a song record by beautiful singer La Palermo (Greta Gynt) which contains secret instructions of the German Intelligence. Realizing their error, the German spies follow Charters and Caldicott to Istanbul and Budapest, trying to eliminate them and retrieve the record.

Cast
 Basil Radford as Charters
 Naunton Wayne as Caldicott
 Greta Gynt as La Palermo
 Abraham Sofaer as Ali
 Charles Oliver as Sheik
 Gordon McLeod as Rossenger
 Bernard Rebel as Klacken
 Cyril Gardiner as K.7.
 Leo de Pokorny as Hotel Manager
 Morris Harvey as Waiter
 Noel Hood as Edith Charters
 Andreas Malandrinos as Nightclub Manager
 Finlay Currie as Tourist (uncredited)
 Jack Melford as Tour Guide (uncredited)
Nigel Patrick as cloak room attendant

Availability
The film is available as a supplement on The Lady Vanishes Criterion Collection DVD and Blu-ray.


2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's shot put

The Men's shot put event  at the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships was held on March 10.

Medalists

Note: In 2013 it was revealed that Andrei Mikhnevich, the original silver medalist, tested positive for a prohibited substance at the 2005 World Championships. Since this was his second offense, he was given a lifetime ban and all his results from August 2005 on were annulled.

Results

Qualification
Qualifying perf. 20.30 (Q) or 8 best performers (q) advanced to the Final.

Final


Liberator Party (Brazil)

The Liberator Party (, PL) was a political party in Brazil which existed for two periods between 1928 and 1937 and then between 1945 and 1965. The PL's first incarnation was founded by members of the Rio Grande do Sul Federalist Party, notably Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil. Despite being the traditional opponents of the Riograndense Republican Party, it participated in the Gaucho United Front (Frente Única Gaúcha) which supported the candidacy of favourite son Getúlio Vargas in the 1930 election. It supported the so-called Liberal Revolution of 1930 which led to the overthrow of the República Velha and the accession of Vargas to the presidency. The PL was abolished in 1937, following Vargas' self-coup and the establishment of the Estado Novo.

The PL was re-founded in 1945, following the fall of the Estado Novo. Concentrated primarily in the pampas of Rio Grande do Sul, it supported a parliamentary system but never achieved electoral success.

Like all parties of that era, it was abolished by the military regime in 1965.


Buchi Lami

Buchi Lami is a small village located in Padwa block of Palamu district, Jharkhand state, India. According to census (2011), The Buchi Lami village has population of 886 of which 443 are males while 443 are females.

History

Buchi Lami a village, close to Padwa block of Palamu, is located 25 km from Medininagar (Daltonganj). Buchi Lami is a part of Chhatarpur  (Vidhan Sabha constituency). It is located in north of Daltonganj. As per constitution of India and Panchyati Raaj Act, Buchi Lami village is administrated by Sarpanch (Head of Village) who is elected representative of village.

Languages

Languages spoken here include Asuri, an Austroasiatic language spoken by approximately 17 000 in India, largely in the southern part of Palamu; and Bhojpuri, a tongue in the Bihari language group with almost 40 000 000 speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts.

Facilities

Education

 RK High School Lami Patra
 Middle school Buchi Lami


Horaiclavus splendidus

Horaiclavus splendidus is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Horaiclavidae.

It was previously included within the family Turridae.

Description
The length of the shell varies between 15 mm and  40 mm.

The shell is somewhat thin, subpellucid and shining. It shows longitudinal, obtuse, unequal, rather weak plicae, and somewhat distant spiral lineations. It  is light brownish, with bands of rather large chestnut maculations. The outer lip is acute, but varicose externally.

Distribution
This marine species occurs off the Philippines, Taiwan and Japan


Pseudohypatopa

Pseudohypatopa is a genus of moths in the family Blastobasidae. The genus was described by Sinev in 1986.

Species
 Pseudohypatopa anthracographa (Meyrick, 1937)
 Pseudohypatopa longicornutella Park, 1989
 Pseudohypatopa longitubulata H. Zhen & H. H. Li, 2008
 Pseudohypatopa paulilobata H. Zhen & H. H. Li, 2008
 Pseudohypatopa pulverea
 Pseudohypatopa beljaevi
 Pseudohypatopa ramusella Adamski & H. H. Li, 2010


The Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria (ICCON) is a professional regulatory body, established by Decree 91 of 1993 (now ICCON ACT, CAP I.12 LFN 2004). It is statutorily charged with the responsibility of regulating the teaching, learning and best practice of Chemistry profession in Nigeria. ICCON is a parastatal of Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH).

Brief History

Creation
Since 1946 when the first chemistry graduate, the late Professor Stephen Oluwole Awokoya bagged his B.Sc from the University of London, the country has produced generations of chemists for various sectors of the economy. But there was yet no government recognized regulatory body to regulate the practice of chemists in Nigeria.

The agitation by Nigerian chemists to get certification can be traced back to the early 1980s. This clamour, which was mainly under the aegis of the Chemical Society of Nigeria (CSN), reached a climax in 1992 when the CSN, under the Presidency of a renowned environmental chemist, Prof. Oladele Osibanjo mandated one of its founding fathers and senior Fellow, Mr. Daniel Alifa Akoh to prepare a position paper to be presented to the Federal Government, outlining the role of chemists in Nigeria's socio-economic development.

The decade–long campaign finally bore fruit in 1993 when Decree 91 establishing ICCON was signed into law by erstwhile military President, General Ibrahim Babangida. Subsequently, the Institute's first Governing Council was elected during the Annual International Conference of the CSN in Warri,  in 1995. This pioneer Council was under the Chairmanship of the renowned Professor of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Prof. Oladele Osibanjo.

Establishment
Though established in 1993, ICCON could not take off until 2003 when its first substantive Registrar, Mrs Gladys Eke was appointed. This was because the military regime of General Sani Abacha suspended the operations of all Boards / Governing Councils of all Federal parastatals in the country. The first Governing Council that was elected in 1995 was only inaugurated in April, 2001 after the return to civil rule in Nigeria, under the Olusegun Obasanjo regime. The inauguration was performed by the then Minister of Health, Prof. A.B.C Nwosu.

Sequel to the dissolution of all Boards of Federal parastatals in 2004, ICCON's second Governing Council headed by Mr. Harry Okolo was inaugurated on September 5, 2006. A 3rd Governing Council, inaugurated on January 29, 2010 by the then Minister of Health, Prof. Babatunde Osotimehin was led by Prof. Abdullahi A. Zuru. This third Council appointed the Institute's second substantive Registrar, Prince Jay O. Oghifo, FICCON, FCSN who assumed office on 2nd August 2010 following the retirement of Mrs. Eke in 2009.  In the interval between Mrs. Eke’s retirement and Prince Oghifo’s appointment, ICCON Secretariat was administered by an Acting Registrar/CEO, Ms. Taiwo O. Bammodu, FICCON, MCSN.

The Federal Government of Nigeria confirmed the appointment of Mr. Wilford Zungkat Jwalshik as the substantive Registrar/CEO of the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria, ICCON, on 1st of June 2018 making him the third substantive Registrar/CEO since the inception of the Institute.

Objectives

Vision
To recreate situations around us that will impact positively on the nation, while providing professional protection to our members.

Mission

 To put in place regulatory framework/strategies for the practice of the Chemistry profession.
 To define the roles and responsibilities of the professional Chemists and their place in the society
 To bring to light how Nigeria's economy can be recreated positively through Chemistry.

Mandates
ICCON is statutorily charged with the responsibility to regulate the teaching, learning and standard best practice of Chemistry by:

 Determining what standards of knowledge and skills are to be attained by persons seeking to be registered as Chemists and raising the standards from time to time as situations may warrant.
Establishing and maintaining a register of Chartered Chemists in Nigeria.
Professionalizing the practice of Chemists by exercising regulatory authority and control over all persons in private or public organizations and corporate bodies handling all chemicals (hazardous or non-hazardous).
Establishment of standards and regulations as regards Chemicals Production, Usage and Management, and reviewing such standards from time to time.
Collaborating with relevant National Educational Commissions/bodies such as NUC, NBTE, NCCE, WAEC etc in standardization of Chemistry curricula in secondary and tertiary levels.
Synergizing with other relevant bodies e.g. National Authority on Chemical & Biological weapons Convention (NAC&BWC), Office of the National security Adviser (ONSA), National Agency for Food & Drugs Administration & Control (NAFDAC), Standards Organization of Nigeria (SON), National Institute for security Studies (NISS), Department of State Services (DSS), Institute of Public Analysts of Nigeria,(IPAN) National Environmental Standards, Regulatory & Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Small & Medium Scale Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN), Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv), Association of Professional Bdies in Nigeria (APBN) etc in harmonizing and monitoring the implementation of National and International conventions / agreements on Chemical management to ensure safety on human health and environment.
Synergizing with International organizations and societies in the standardization of Chemistry education and practice. Such organizations include Organization for the prohibition of Chemical weapons (OPCW), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), United Nations Industrial Development organization (UNIDO), United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) – Britain, America Chemical Society (ACS) etc. This is to foster co-operation and exchange programme / capacity building for its members.
Promotion of Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises and self reliant activities by organizing seminars/workshops on skills acquisition programmes for Chemists and non-Chemists alike.
Responsible for information/data collation, processing and dissemination as regards chemical usage and management to stakeholders and Government authorities for policy formulation.
Undertaking public enlightenment on rational use, government policies and legislation on chemicals by way of seminars/workshops, mass media, ICT etc.
Promoting Research and Development (R&D) and proffering solutions in Chemical matters to relevant organizations using the expertise of its reputable members.
Training and re-training of its members by organizing Mandatory Continuing Professional Development (MCPD) programme for its members to update their knowledge and skills.
Auditing the quality of personnel in chemical related manufacturing outfits to ensure conformity with standards.
Accreditation of Chemistry Departments in higher Institutions of learning in collaboration with other relevant stake holders.

Administration

Governing Council
The Governing Council is the apex decision – making organ of the Institute and is headed by a Chairman who is also the President of the Institute.

 President/Chairman - Professor F.E Okieimen
 Vice President/Vice Chairman - Professor S.A Saidu
 Registrar/Secretary - Mr. Jwalshik .Z Wilford
 Member - Professor A.A Zuru, (Immediate Past President)
 Member - Professor Y,N Lohdip
 Member - Professor B.G Kolo
 Member - Professor O.B Familoni
 Member - Professor J.M Nwaedozie
 Member - Mrs W.N Kwazu
 Member - Mr. S. Akpa
 Member - M.D Amaefule
 Member - T.O Aaron
 Member - Mrs. A. Aliyu-Bashir
 Member - Mr. M.O Owoo

Membership
The Institute has so far admitted into its membership over 3,000 professionals from different spheres of chemistry practice, including the late President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua, a renowned chemist who was admitted into the Fellowship of the Institute on 13 May 2008 at a colourful ceremony held at State House, Aso Villa Abuja, Nigeria.

Categories
There are five categories of membership, namely:

 Fellow
 Honorary Fellow
 Member
 Corporate Member
 Honorary Member

Who is a Chartered Chemist?

A Chartered Chemist is a person who, having obtained the requisite academic qualifications and satisfied the criteria set by the Institute's Governing Council has been formally inducted into and enrolled in the register of ICCON.

Qualification for Membership
An intending member of the Institute should possess a minimum of a bachelor's degree or Higher National Diploma (HND) in Chemistry or Chemistry – related discipline, e.g. Biochemistry, Food Science and Technology, Science Laboratory Technology (Chemistry Option), Science Education (Chemistry Option), Chemical Engineering etc.

The modalities for obtaining registration forms, as well as the attendant fees, are as approved by the Governing Council from time to time. Current information in this regard is obtainable from the Institute's Secretariat and its website.

Professional Qualifying Examination

The professional qualifying examination for admission into the Institute is based on syllabus approved by the Council from time to time. Similarly, modalities for upgrading of membership categories are determined by the Governing Council and may be reviewed from time to time.

Professional Recognition / Protection

As a body established by law, the statutory mandates of ICCON, in addition to regulating the professional practice of chemists, include the provision of professional “shield” for its members. ICCON thus seeks to protect the interests of registered chemists in corporate organizations, in the public service as well as in private practice. This protection may be in terms of the welfare of chemical personnel in various forms of employment, career enhancement etc. The Institute also seeks recognition for its members in the comity of professionals.

Members of the Institute enjoy the privilege of carrying ICCON appellations after their names [FICCON, MICCON and FICCON (H)] according to their category of membership; this makes for easy recognition among members as well as in distinguishing members from non-members

Designatory Letters

A member of the Institute is entitled to use the following designatory letters after his/her name according to the category of membership:

MICCON - Member of the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria.

FICCON - Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria.

FICCON (H) - Honourary Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria.

MICCON (H) – Honourary Member of the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria

MICCON (C) - Corporate Member of the Institute of Chartered Chemists of Nigeria

Annual Dues

Annual Dues are applicable to all categories of members, except the Honorary Fellows. The dues for each category of membership are determined by the Council and are renewable annually. Payment for dues or any form payment can be done using REMITA platform on the website.

Renewal of Membership

Members of the Institute are required to renew their membership by satisfying the criteria set by the Governing Council. Such criteria include the payment of annual dues and attendance to the Institute's Mandatory Continuing Professional Development (MCPD) training programmes. The minimum frequency of attendance at the MCPD programmes required for continued validity of membership is determined by the Council from time to time.

Mandatory Continuing Professional Development Programmes (MCPD)

This is one of the requirements for the continued validity of membership of the Institute; and is essentially meant to keep members abreast of current trends in the world of chemistry, as well as provide technical information aimed at professional career enhancement of members. The frequency of such programmes is as determined by the Governing Council..

Notable members
Jwalshik Wilford
Prof. Sunday Olawale Okeniyi
Professor Stephen Oluwole Awokoya
Professor Oluwole Babafemi Familoni
Professor Gabriel Babatunde Ogunmola
Adekunle Muhammed Olusuyi