Ukrainians in the United Kingdom

Ukrainians in the United Kingdom consist mainly of British citizens of Ukrainian descent.

History
The first documented evidence of Ukrainians in the UK was an entry in the Aliens Register in Salford of J. Koyetsky from Brody (then Austrian Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria) in 1897. Some 100 families settled in Manchester prior to World War I, and in the post-war years a community centre was established. An Information Centre was founded in London and religious and cultural links established with Manchester. In 1931 Bishop Andrey Sheptytsky and Fr Josyf Slipyj, each of whom in turn in later years became head of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, made a notable pastoral visit to Manchester. Elsewhere, the first generation of Ukrainian immigrants started arriving in the South-East, in particular, Hertfordshire in 1947 as displaced persons.

After World War II, work-permit schemes issued under the Attlee government (in office: 1945-1951) recruited Ukrainians to work in the mills of Lancashire and in the greenhouses of the Lea Valley (Middlesex/Essex). After a short stay in a transit camp in East Anglia, many went to a displaced-persons camp in Newgate Street Village in Hertfordshire. At the camp, many young people became affiliated to the Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain, which had its headquarters in London; the Association acted as an important support-network for those separated from their family and friends.

After the end of World War II, more large numbers of Ukrainians (mainly displaced persons from camps in Germany) arrived in the UK. Ukrainians were integrated into the UK as European Voluntary Workers, while Ukrainian POWs from the Polish and German armies were also demobilised and settled in the major cities of the UK.

Population
The 2001 Census recorded 11,913 people born in Ukraine resident in the UK. The 2011 UK Census recorded 20,320 Ukrainian-born residents in England, 380 in Wales, 838 in Scotland, and 245 in Northern Ireland. The Office for National Statistics estimates that in 2017, 31,000 people born in Ukraine were resident in the UK. The number of Ukrainian nationals was estimated at 16,000.

Religion

Most of the Ukrainian diaspora now in the UK (2019) are of the Ukrainian Orthodox religion. A large number of Ukrainians living in Britain are Ukrainian Catholics, under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Exarchate for Ukrainians in Great Britain, whilst some, but not many, Ukrainian Britons are Jews.

Notable Britons with Ukrainian ancestry


Victor Safonkin

Victor Safonkin (born August 22, 1967 at Saransk) is a Russian surrealist painter.

Victor Safonkin's work is self-described as Eurosurrealism or European classic surrealism & symbolism. His work is redolent of Salvador Dalí or more particularly Hieronymus Bosch. Victor's work has been highly acclaimed and in 2005 he was invited to exhibit at the European Parliament in Brussels. The rock band Killing Joke used his Inhuman Rearing as an album cover in 2006. Viktor Safonkin is featured in the 2007 Venus and the Female Intuition, published by SALBRU. Safonkin has been called "one of the most brilliant artists I have seen in a long time" by master Surrealist Professor Ernst Fuchs.

External links
 Victor Safonkin's full set of ArtWork: EuroSurrealism NOW
 Eurosurrealism.com
 Victor Safonkin - Surreal Art Collective
Victor Safonkin www.art-affair.net


Clover Creek (Pennsylvania)

Clover Creek is a  tributary of the Frankstown Branch Juniata River in Bedford and Blair counties, Pennsylvania, in the United States.

It originates in Woodbury Township in Bedford County on Tussey Mountain, between Pulpit Hill and the north end of Warrior Ridge. It flows northward through Morrisons Cove along the west side of Tussey Mountain, passing through Henrietta, and receives Middle Run to the north of there. Pennsylvania Route 164 crosses it at the village of Clover Creek. The creek follows the mountain in curving slightly eastward as well as northward, and passes through Beavertown and Shellytown. Around Larke, the valley begins to deepen, and just after meeting Snare Run, the creek joins the Frankstown Branch Juniata River at Cove Forge.

Although the stream is small, it is well known for its trout fishing, and is fished heavily during open seasons.  Clover Creek also serves as a valuable irrigation source for nearby farmers.  The stream averages in width about , although its width varies from  to over .

Tributaries
Snare Run
Middle Run


Buttercup (fairy tale)

Buttercup or Butterball (, literally "Butter-buck") is a Norwegian fairy tale collected by Asbjørnsen and Moe. It is Aarne-Thompson type 327 C, the devil (witch) carries the hero home in a sack. Buttercup is so named because he is "plump and fat, and fond of good things".

Synopsis
While Buttercup's mother was baking, the dog began to bark and Buttercup saw an evil witch coming. His mother had him hide under the kneading trough, but the witch said she had a silver knife to give him and this lured him out. The witch told him that he had to climb into her sack to get it and, as soon as he was in, she carried him off. On the way, the witch asked "How far is it to Snoring?" and Buttercup said half a mile, so she rested and, using the knife, he escaped, putting a big fir root in the sack.

The next day, the witch lured him out again with the offer of a silver spoon, but he escaped in the same way, using a stone. The third day, she offered him a silver fork and went straight home without resting. She gave him to her daughter to kill. The witch's daughter did not know how to do it. Buttercup told her to lay her head on the chopping block, and he would show her. He cut her head off with an axe, put it in her bed, and stewed her body. Then he climbed up the chimney with the root and stone. The witch and her husband, thinking their daughter asleep, ate the soup. Buttercup spoke to them of "daughter broth" from the chimney. They went outside to see what caused the noise, and Buttercup killed them by dropping the stone and root on their heads. He took all their gold and silver and went home.


Andrew Allan (shipowner)

Andrew Allan (1 December 1822 – 27 June 1901) was a Scottish-born Canadian businessman and financier. In 1882, he succeeded his brother, Sir Hugh Allan, of Ravenscrag, in the Allan family's Canadian enterprises that were centred on the Allan Line Royal Mail Steamers, but also included banking and railways. He was Master of Foxhounds for the Montreal Hunt.

Early life
Born in 1822 at Saltcoats, Ayrshire, Andrew Allan was the fourth son of Captain Alexander Allan and his wife Jean Crawford (1782–1856). He was a first cousin of Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt and his father was a first cousin of the Scottish bard, Robert Burns. In 1819, Allan's father established the Allan Shipping Line, which became synonymous with running goods and passengers between Scotland and Montreal. After a parish education at Greenock, Andrew was brought into the family shipping business, then known as J & A Allan, of Glasgow. Of his four brothers, at this time James was running the Glasgow office, helped by Alexander; Bryce, was in charge of the Liverpool office, while Hugh was expanding the family's interests in Montreal. With the rapid growth of the business in Montreal, it was decided that Andrew would be best placed there.

Shipping

As a clerk, Andrew joined the newly organised shipping firm of Edmonstone, Allan & Co., of which his brother, Hugh, was partner. By 1846, Andrew had also become a partner and from 1863 the firm was known as the H & A Allan, of Montreal. Andrew worked closely with his brother in forming the Montreal Ocean Steamship Company, incorporated in 1854. By 1857, the Allan family were the sole owners, whose chief advantage over their competition was the use of iron-hulled steamships with screw propellers. The company won government mail contracts and was subsidised for the number of immigrants it brought from Britain to Canada.

There was never any doubt that Hugh Allan was the driving force behind what became Canada's leading steamship company, and the multitude of his other business interests. For the most part, Andrew remained comfortably under his brother's wing. In 1870, he wrote "every year I have even more reason to wonder at, and admire his (Hugh's) business capabilities."

When Hugh died in 1882, Andrew took his place as head of the Allan family's Canadian enterprises, presiding over the peak of the shipping firm's worldwide cargo and passenger activities in the 1880s and 1890s. Andrew had kept things as they were under his brother, but by 1897 it was necessary to make some major changes, in part to raise additional capital for a new fleet of ships. He presided over the dissolution of the family partnership and the creation of a steamship company with limited liability, taking the post of chairman in the Allan Line Steamship Company Limited, based in Glasgow. Andrew tirelessly represented the Allan family's shipping interests wherever they were needed. From 1873 until his death he was an influential member of the Montreal Harbour Commission and for several years he served as its chairman.

Banking

In 1861, Andrew and Hugh Allan founded the Merchant's Bank of Canada which became an important part of the Allan family's financial empire. The bank had grown with particular success in Ontario and the Canadian West to become one of Canadas most important financial institutions. In addition to being an important shareholder, Andrew was a director from its start in 1861, to 1883 when he became its president, a position he held until his death. As president, he continued the bank's policy of western expansion, seeing the bank's assets grow by one-third but its net profits falling.

Since its creation, the bank had been used by the Allan family, including Andrew, to finance their personal investments, particularly in Manitoba and towards the North Western Railway. The loans taken out by the Allans were almost always outstanding, which stunted a greater percentage of its investments going into more secure bonds.

Railways
Andrew had enjoyed relative success in shipping and banking, but his involvement with the Manitoba and North Western Railway Company of Canada was a failure. The Allan family had invested heavily in the venture and Andrew, connected with the railway since 1883, was its president by 1892. Despite expansive and enthusiastic lobbying, by 1894 the Allans could not afford the interest payments on its debt and the company was put into receivership. A dispute quickly arose between the railway's bondholders and the Allan family over control of the company's assets. The fact that Andrew took little direct part in the negotiations perhaps indicated the rise of younger family members within the Allan hierarchy. In 1898, after extensive litigation, administration of the company's assets passed to a receiver representing the bondholders. Andrew's nephew, H. Montagu Allan managed to pass the lease of the railway line from Portage la Prairie to Yorkton to the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1900.

Further business interests
Andrew Allan was president of several manufacturing enterprises, including the Montreal Rolling Mills Company; Cornwall Woollen Manufacturing; Dominion Oil Cloth; Canadian Rubber Company; Windsor Hotel of Montreal and the Montreal Lumber Company. In 1883, he co-founded the Citizens Gas Company of Montreal in an unsuccessful attempt to challenge the Montreal Gas Company. Among others, he was a director of Confederation Life and the Montreal Telegraph Company, succeeding his brother Hugh as president of the latter in 1882.

Private life

Andrew Allan was chairman of St. Paul's Church from 1872 to 1901, which under him and through his own significant financial donations became the wealthiest Presbyterian church in Canada. He was a life member of the St Andrew's Society of Montreal and served as an officer in the Royal Light Infantry of Montreal. From 1862 until his death he was president of the Montreal Sailors Institute, established to promote sobriety and morality among seamen ashore. Apart from the funds collected by ships officers from their crews, (including those of the Allan Line) the institute's main source of revenue was the Allan family. His other philanthropic interests included the Montreal Protestant House of Industry and Refuge, of which he was made a life governor in 1863. He was Master of the Montreal Hunt from the 1870s, and like other members of his family he took a great interest in floriculture and horses.

In comparison to his brother Hugh Allan, Andrew's business ability is often overlooked. While he lacked his brother's entrepreneurial flair and despite his failure with the railway in the Canadian West, he nonetheless steered the Allan Line through the height of its success, and when needed, stepped up to re-organize the family firm ready for his many sons and nephews on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean to take them into the 20th century. He is buried with his family at Mount Royal Cemetery, Montreal.

Family

In 1848, Andrew Allan married Isabella Ann Smith, one of the four daughters of John Smith (d.1872) of Athelstane Hall, Montreal, and his wife Betsy Rea. John Smith was a native of Athelstaneford and became one of Montreal's leading dry goods merchants. Isabella's eldest sister, Caroline, had married Andrew's brother Hugh in 1844. Mrs Allan's sister, Elizabeth, married Hartland St. Clair MacDougall (brother of George Campbell MacDougall) and the last remaining sister married James St. George Bellhouse, of the firm Bellhouse & Dillon. The Allans home, Iononteh, was a greystone mansion that dominated Upper Peel Street in the Golden Square Mile, near to Andrew's brother's house, Ravenscrag. Designed by John William Hopkins, it was built in 1865 and enlarged in 1873. Andrew Allan also owned a farm near Lachine, Quebec. Andrew and Isabella were the parents of eight children,

 Bessie Rae Allan (born 1848). In 1868, she married Captain William Henry Benyon (1842–1912), of the 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers, son of Thomas Benyon of New Grange Hall, Leeds
 Nina (Jean Crawford) Allan (1851–1922). She married William Mackenzie, of Montreal, and had four children with him, including Isabel, later Mrs Alex Paterson. In 1876, while still married to Mr Mackenzie, she eloped to the United States with Frederick Henderson Brydges (1852–1928), son of Charles John Brydges. In 1877, she divorced her first husband and married Mr Brydges in Boston, moving with him to Winnipeg.
 John Smith Allan, of Montreal. He married Adelaide Stuart Gault (1857–1937), daughter of The Hon. Matthew Hamilton Gault of Montreal and Elizabeth Bourne. Mrs Allan was a first cousin of Andrew Hamilton Gault who raised Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. John and Adelaide were the parents of six children, including Lady Marler. In 1892, like his sister Nina, Jack Allan eloped to San Francisco with Mrs Edith Montagu Hebden.
 Hugh Andrew Allan (1857–1938), in charge of the Allan Line at Boston (1887–1892) and chairman at London (1909–1917). He married Margaret Rae, daughter of William Rae, merchant, ship-owner and agent to the Allan Line at Quebec. Their only child, (Margaret) Rachel, married Maj. George Bevil Hastings Wheler MC, of Otterden Place, Kent.
 Andrew Alexander Allan (1860–1919), was vice-president of the Allan Line at Montreal. He was the father of Doris, wife of Russell Cowans of Montreal.
 James Bryce Allan (1861–1945) K.C. Educated at Rugby School, Oxford University and Laval University. He became a lawyer and senior partner in the prominent Montreal firm of Campbell, Meredith & Allan, who represented the Allan family businesses. He died unmarried in England.
 William Rae Allan (1864–1926), shipping agent to the Allan Line at Winnipeg.
Isabel Brenda Allan (1867–1959). In 1888, she married Sir Vincent Meredith. No children.


Andhrímnir

Andhrímnir (Old Norse "the one exposed to soot" A combination of 'and-' and 'hrīm') is the chef of the Æsir and einherjar in Norse mythology. Every day in Valhalla, he slaughters the beast Sæhrímnir and cooks it in Eldhrímnir, his cauldron. At night, Sæhrímnir is restored to life to be eaten again the next day. He also makes the Æsir's mead from the milk of Heiðrún, a goat.

Notes


The Shops at Prudential Center

The Shops at Prudential Center is an urban shopping mall located at the base of the Prudential Tower in Boston, Massachusetts.  The mall lies adjacent to many other destinations such as: Hynes Convention Center, the 101/111 Huntington Avenue office towers, and a skywalk connecting it to Copley Place.

The shopping complex is anchored by Lord & Taylor and Saks Fifth Avenue; both owned by Canadian Hudson's Bay Company, and is home to over 75 specialty retailers, including upscale stores and dining such as Earl's, Lacoste, Club Monaco, Ralph Lauren, Vineyard Vines, and more. The St. Francis Chapel, staffed by the Oblates of the Virgin Mary, which is a functioning Roman Catholic chapel, is also located inside the shopping center. A 45,000 square foot open-market format Eataly location was opened in November 2016, replacing the existing food court.

History
Originally, only one department store (Saks), along with a handful of shops existed around the base of the Prudential Tower in a small shopping arcade.  Nearby structures including the Hynes Convention Center, 101 Huntington Avenue office tower, a Sheraton Hotel, and other various shops were separated by open plazas in a patchwork of disjointed buildings.  In 1991, a plan was put forth to connect all of the destinations together with an expanded shopping center, in the area bordered by Boylston Street, Huntington Avenue, and Dalton Street.  The Hahn Company, together with then-owner Prudential Insurance Company of America, spent over two years developing the $100 million project.  In 1993, the new Shops at Prudential Center was completed and largely successful, with retail spaces filled quickly.  The Prudential Center was connected through the shopping arcade, with traffic—from office workers to convention attendees—able to travel conveniently to the various destinations.  Transportation includes two MBTA stations and multiple bus routes that enter directly into the center.

Gallery


Adam Khudoyan

Adam Geghami Khudoyan (, February 21, 1921, Yerevan, Armenia - 2000, Yerevan) was an Armenian composer, awarded by the Renowned Activist of the Arts of Armenia official title.

He finished the Yerevan State Conservatory in 1945. He directed the Composer's House of Armenia, was the secretary of the Composer's Union of Armenia. Khudoyan composed three cello sonatas, cello duo sonata and cello nostalgia. In 1961 he wrote "Sonata for Cello Solo No. 1".

Şahan Arzruni wrote: "I personally find strong parallels between Khudoyan's approach to music and that of Mussorgsky. Like Mussorgsky, Khudoyan employed chordal progressions
that are unusual, unbounded, even unacceptable to the traditional rules of harmony.

External links
Biography


Sonelgaz

Sonelgaz (, Socièté Nationale de l'Electricité et du Gaz, National Society for Electricity and Gas) is a state-owned utility in charge of electricity and natural gas distribution in Algeria.  It was established in 1969, replacing the previous body Electricité et gaz d'Algérie (EGA), and was given a monopoly over the distribution and selling of natural gas within the country as well as the production, distribution, importation, and exportation of electricity.  In 2002, its monopoly was revoked by presidential decree N° 02-195, which legally converted it into a private (though entirely government-owned) company; it is now scheduled to be split eventually.  As of 2003, it produces 29 billion kWh a year, sells 4.6 billion cubic metres of gas a year, and employs nearly 20,000 people.


Fimbul Glacier

Fimbul Glacier (), is a glacier in eastern Greenland.

This glacier was named after an Old Norse word for "giant" or "mighty".

Geography
The Fimbul Glacier originates in western Odinland, a glaciated peninsula. It flows southward from the area of the Ensomme Skraent ('Lonely Slope'), and joins the Sleipner Glacier from its left side just north of its terminus in the Bernstorff Fjord (Kangertittivaq) and west of the Brages Range. Alfheimbjerg is a mountain further south, rising between the western side of the Fimbul Glacier terminus and the terminus of the Bernstorff Glacier . Together the Sleipner and Fimbul glaciers produce massive amounts of ice that blocks the fjord.

Bibliography
Climate-related glacier fluctuations in southeast Greenland


Zürich Socialist and Labour Congress, 1893

The Zurich Socialist and Labour Congress that met from August 6–13, 1893 was the third congress of the Second International. The congress passed "Zurich resolution" which expelled anarchists from the Congress. On 12 August, Friedrich Engels delivered the closing address, the only time that Engels addressed a Second International period Congress.

Delegations

Resolutions
The congress passed resolutions on who would be eligible to attend (the above-mentioned Zurich resolution), the eight-hour work day, the attitude of socialist in case of war, international manifestations on the first of may, the political tactics of social democrats, the protection of labour, the agrarian question, and the formation of national and international syndicates of professionals. Commissions also worked on resolutions on the international organization of socialists and the general strike, but the congress ran out of time and could not examine them. Motions were made on the question of Siam, universal suffrage, and in support of striking English miners.


Hryvnia sign

The hryvnia sign (₴) is a currency symbol used for the Ukrainian hryvnia currency since 2004.

Description
The hryvnia sign is a cursive Ukrainian Cyrilic letter He (г), or a mirrored letter S, with a double horizontal stroke, symbolising stability, similar to that used in other currency symbols such as ¥ or €. Hryvnia is abbreviated "грн" (hrn) in Ukrainian. The hryvnia sign ₴ was released in March 2004. The specific design of the hryvnia sign was a result of a public contest held by the National Bank of Ukraine in 2003. The bank announced that it would not take any special steps of promoting the sign, but expressed expectations that the recognition and the technical possibilities of rendering the sign would follow. As soon as the sign was announced, a proposal to encode it was written. The sign is Unicode encoded as  since version 4.1 (2005).
The symbol appears in the filigree of the 1 hryvnia and the recently introduced 1,000 hryven banknote.


Mineola Union Free School District

Mineola Union Free School District is a public school district based in Mineola, New York (USA).

General information

Location and area

Mineola Union Free School District covers these areas
Mineola
Garden City Park
Williston Park
Albertson
 Roslyn Heights

High School (Grades 8-12)

 Mineola High School

Mineola Middle School (Grades 5-7)

  Mineola Middle School

Elementary schools

 Hampton Street School (PreK-2)
 Jackson Avenue School (3-4)
 Meadow Drive School (PreK-2)


Ljubinje

Ljubinje () is a town and municipality located in Republika Srpska, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in south-eastern part of Herzegovina region. As of 2013, the town has a population of 2,744 inhabitants, while the municipality has 3,511 inhabitants.

History

Ancient history
In antiquity, a road ran from Narona (near Metković) to Epidaurum (Cavtat) via Pardua, in present-day village Gradac near Ljubinje. The remains of a Roman settlement have been identified near Ljubinje. No systematic expert investigations have been conducted in the area (as of 1973).

Middle Ages
In the early medieval period the area of present-day Ljubinje municipality belonged to the large župa (county) of Popovo, constituting the northernmost part of Popovo county, bordering with the counties of Dubrave and Dabar. Politically, the area belonged to Zahumlje ("Hum"), ruled between the 12th and early 14th century with minor interruptions by the Nemanjić dynasty. After the War of Hum (1326–29), this part of Hum was occupied by Bosnian Ban Stjepan II Kotromanić, whose heir Tvrtko I had by 1373 extended the Bosnian borders southwards to include all of Hum. Tvrtko's reign saw the rise of the Kosača family, of whom Vlatko Vuković had already by that time begun to rule much of Hum. Hum was governed in the family through Sandalj Hranić (1392-1435), Stjepan Vukčić Kosača (1435-1466), and the latters sons, until 1482.

Ottoman period
The Ottoman Empire occupied the area around Ljubinje between 1465 and 1467, and the defter (tax registry) of the Bosnian sanjak for 1468/69 already included the nahiya of Ljubinje.

Austro-Hungarian rule
Under article 29 of the Treaty of Berlin of 1878, Austria-Hungary received special rights in the Ottoman Empire's provinces of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Sanjak of Novi Pazar. On 14 August 1878,  Austro-Hungarian army marched in Ljubinje, ending Ottoman rule in the region.  On 6 October 1908, Emperor Franz Joseph announced to the people of Bosnia-Herzegovina his intention to give them an autonomous and constitutional regime and the provinces were annexed. Bosnian annexation was not countenanced by the Treaty of Berlin and set off a flurry of diplomatic protests and discussions. Ljubinje remained part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the liberation at the end of World War I, when the Serbian army marched into Ljubinje.

Culture

Church of the Nativity of the Virgin

The Serbian Orthodox church of the Nativity of the Virgin in Ljubinje, was built between in 1867 (as recorded by the inscription incised on a plaque above the entrance to the church). The Church belongs to the type of Herzegovina single-nave stone-built church with semicircular apse and stone belltower of the type known as "na preslicu", perched over the main entrance facade. A belltower na preslicu with three bells, made of finely finished limestone blocks, tops the west wall of the church. Belltowers of this form are one of the main characteristics of churches of this type in Herzegovina. The church is roofed with industrial tiles. Only the ends of the roof panes (by the belltower and the apse respectively) are clad with sheet copper. The apse is also clad with sheet copper.  The nave is separated from the altar space by an iconostasis partition. The iconostasis of the church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Virgin in Ljubinje was installed in the early 20th century. The artist who painted the icons remains unidentified. The frame of the iconostasis is wooden, and to it are attached the icons, paintings on canvas with various scenes.
The church contains a copy of the Gospels dating from 1793, in a metal cover with two metal clasps to the side, donated from Russia along with double-sided processional icon, made of copper, by Zorka Radonjić (1901). The centre of one side of the processional icon is occupied by an embossed and engraved scene of the Nativity of Christ, and the other by the Evangelist Luke, also embossed and engraved.

To the north, east and west, the church is surrounded by an Orthodox cemetery in active use, and Necropolis with stećak tombstones. About 20 metres to the north of the church is a mausoleum in memory of World War II victims of fascist terror.

The Commission to Preserve National Monuments in 2005 issued a decision to add the architectural ensemble of the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin in Ljubinje to the List of National Monuments.

Church of the Nativity of the Lord Jesus Christ

The Serbian Orthodox  Church of the Nativity of the Lord Jesus Christ in Ljubinje was designed by Serbian architect Ljubiša Folić. Church was named after the Nativity of Christ for the fact that its construction started in 2000, an important year in Christianity that actually commemorates its most important event and the reason why it exists in the first place. Completion of the work and consecration of the new Orthodox Cathedral was solemnly  celebrated on 21 September 2004, on patron Saint’s Day of Ljubinje municipality (The feast day of the Nativity of the Most Holy Theotokos  ). The Holy Hierarchal Liturgy was served by episcope  of  Zahumlje, Herzegovina and the Littoral  Grigorije.

Demographics
According to the 2013 census, the municipality has 3,511 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups
According to the 1910 census, the absolute majority in Ljubinje municipality were Orthodox Christians (58.40%).

The ethnic composition of the municipality:

In the town of Ljubinje:

By settlements (in 1991)

Economy
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):

Notable residents
Đorđe Đurić, Serbian volleyball player, Olympic bronze medalist
Gojko Đogo, poet and dissident
Miroslav Toholj, writer and politician, Information Minister, Minister without portfolio (Government of Republika Srpska)
Nektarije Krulj, Metropolitan Bishop of Dabar and Bosnia (Serbian Orthodox Church)
Admir Vladavić, football player


Joseph Nimmich

Joseph Nimmich was the Deputy Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) from September 2014 to January 2017. Before becoming the Deputy Administrator, he was Associate Administrator for the Office of Response and Recovery at FEMA.  He has a master's degree in Business Administration from the Stern School of Business at New York University. He is also a graduate of the United States Army War College and the US Coast Guard Academy.


William P. Murphy Jr.

William P. Murphy Jr. (born November 11, 1923) is a medical doctor and inventor of medical devices including collaborating on a flexible sealed blood bag used for blood transfusions. He is the son of the American physician William Parry Murphy who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology for Medicine in 1934, and Harriett Adams, the first licensed female dentist in Massachusetts.

Education

Murphy graduated from Harvard University in 1946 with a major in pre-medicine and a minor in architecture. He received his M.D. in 1947 from the University of Illinois and also studied physiologic instrumentation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1947 to 1948.

Career
Murphy practiced medicine for a short time as an intern at St. Francis Hospital in Honolulu and later, at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston (now Brigham & Women’s Hospital). While at St. Francis, he developed his first medical invention—a projector for presenting full-size x-rays to large audiences. Murphy and the other interns were regularly required to show x-rays of their patients to doctors. To simplify this task, Murphy created a projector that was capable of showing a full-size x-ray on the screen and was easy to use—quite an accomplishment at that time, since a prompt means for converting x-rays to transparencies did not exist.

Murphy's next contribution to the medical world coincided with the Korean War. The U.S. Army first came to Murphy while he was working with a team of doctors in Boston on the first dialysis machines, a program the Army supported because of concerns over exposure to radiation from the Atomic bomb. An offshoot of this work was the refinement of flexible bags to contain blood during transfusions, which offered many advantages to previously used bottles. Developed with Carl Walter, the bags preserve red blood cells and proteins and ensure that the contents are not exposed to air. In 1952, Murphy joined the U.S. Public Health Service as a blood transfusion consultant, and went to Korea to perform transfusions on soldiers injured in battle.

In 1957, he founded his first company, Medical Development Corporation. The company, which focused on building research instruments, eventually grew into Cordis Corporation, and is now a Johnson & Johnson company. Cordis gave Murphy the resources to create a number of today's standard medical devices, including the first physiologic cardiac pacemaker; the widely used hollow fiber artificial kidney; the first disposable medical procedural trays; the first motor-driven angiographic injectors; and the first disposable catheters.

Murphy's physiologic cardiac pacemaker—which is used to treat heart block—senses what a patient's heart needs and provides suitable stimulation so that the heart can function normally. As more doctors began to use implantable pacemakers, it became clear that there needed to be a way to alter the function of the pacemakers while they were implanted. This led Murphy and his team to develop pacemakers that could be programmed externally and, ultimately, to develop the first DDD (dual chamber demand) pacemaker (1980s).

Murphy's motor-driven, high-pressure angiographic injectors are used for injecting a small amount of radiographic contrast (a solution containing iodine, which is easily visualized with x-ray images) into select vessels in the body. The images that are produced, called an angiogram, accurately reveal the extent and severity of blockages. The disposable, torque-controlled vascular catheters—a related invention, created with colleague Robert Stevens—allow for easy entry into specific vessels, and are a sterile one-time use product.

While at Cordis, Murphy found it difficult to obtain the appropriate quantities and types of materials needed to complete his prototypes. To overcome this, he started Small Parts, Inc., a Miami, FL-based company that provides high quality materials and tools to engineers—in any amount—to help facilitate completion of projects. The company, well-known throughout the medical and engineering communities, is one of several companies founded by Murphy and among 30 companies that emerged from Cordis. In 1986, Murphy, together with colleague John Sterner, purchased Hyperion, Inc. Also based in Miami, Hyperion designs, manufactures and markets medical laboratory diagnostic devices.

Murphy is currently the Chairman of the Board of Directors at U.S. Stem Cell, formerly Bioheart.

U.S. Patents

Murphy holds 17 U.S. patents issued between 1952 and 1980.

*          Walter B. Dandliker, PhD       Coinventor

**         J. Walter Keller                     Coinventor

***        BJ. Lipps                              Coinventor

Publications
He co-authored nearly 30 medical publications and helped to establish several professional organizations such as FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology), a non-profit group dedicated to inspiring young people's interest in science, technology and engineering, founded by his friend Dean Kamen.

Awards
Often recognized for his many achievements, he has received countless awards including the prestigious Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award, the Distinguished Service Award of the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (1985), American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering Founding Fellow (1993) and the FIRST Founder’s Award (2000).

Medical Licenses
Murphy is licensed to practice medicine in three states: California (license #C018494), Florida (license #0007401), and Massachusetts (license #23378)


Alojz Fandel

Alojz Fandel  was a former Slovak football player and coach. He played for FC Spartak Trnava.

Career
Fandel appeared in the UEFA Cup 1974–75 for Dukla Prague.

After he retired from playing, Fandel became a football manager. He led TJ SH Senica before resigning in 2001.


2α-(Propanoyl)-3β-(2-(6-methoxynaphthyl))-tropane or WF-33 is a cocaine analogue. It, along with WF-23 the other "2-naphthyl" cocaine analogue, are considered the more potent of the WF series cocaine analogues.


Morgan Babst

C. Morgan Babst (born November 4, 1980) is an American author. Her debut novel, The Floating World, was named one of the Best Books of 2017 by Kirkus Reviews, Amazon, The Dallas Morning News, and Southern Living. The New York Times called The Floating World an  elegy for post-Hurricane Katrina New Orleans. The Irish Times called it an excellent debut charting "a family's chaos after Hurricane Katrina." A review in NPR says the book described the "days after Katrina in knowing and poetic detail."

Babst is a native of New Orleans but spent eleven years in New York City following Hurricane Katrina. She is a graduate of the Academy of the Sacred Heart and the New Orleans Center for Creative Arts, and holds a B.A. from Yale and M.F.A. from N.Y.U.

Her essay “Death Is a Way to Be,” published in Guernica Magazine, was selected as a Notable Essay in Best American Essays 2016. Her nonfiction, which tends to focus on New Orleans themes, has been published in Guernica, the Oxford American, Saveur, Lenny Letter, and LitHub. Babst's short fiction has been published in Bayou Magazine, The Literary Review, The Butter,jmww, The Harvard Review, and The New Orleans Review.


Elisabeth Erdmann-Macke

Elisabeth Erdmann-Macke (nee Gerhardt; 11 May 1888 – 17 March 1978) was a German writer who focused on memoirs of her time as the wife of the expressionist painter August Macke, who had portrayed her more than 200 times. He died in World War I. Later, she lived in Berlin with her second husband, Lothar Erdmann, who died in a concentration camp during World War II. She saved Macke's paintings and copies of his letters by moving them from her house in Berlin before it was bombed in 1943.

Life

Born in Bonn, Elisabeth Gerhardt, called Lisbeth, was the daughter of a family of merchants. Her father, Carl Gerhardt, owned a factory for pharmaceutical appliances. Her mother came from Erfurt. Elisabeth met August Macke in 1903, when he was 16. They kept their relationship secret, but he often visited her parents' house under the pretence of painting her brother. When her father was seriously ill in 1905, she was sent for education to Bern. She learned French, English, Italian, music, home economics, and gardening.

On 5 October 1909, she married Macke. The couple had two sons, Walter and Wolfgang.  The Mackes were friends with Franz Marc and his wife  whom they met at the Blauer Reiter group at the house of Gabriele Münter in Murnau.

On 1 August 1914, Macke was drafted into World War I and sent to the French Front. He died in battle on 26 September that year. Elisabeth received the information a month later. In 1915 she began to write about their love and marriage, episodes of family life, and travels and meetings with artists, mainly, as she put it, to "preserve an image of their father", or "ein Bild ihres Vaters zu bewahren", for her sons.

In 1916, she married Lothar Erdmann, a friend of her husband from school days, with whom she had two more children, Dietrich and Constanze. The family moved to Berlin-Tempelhof in 1925. Her oldest son died in 1927 of scarlet fever. Her husband was arrested in 1939 under the Nazi regime and died in Sachsenhausen concentration camp.

Elisabeth saved Macke's paintings by moving them from the house in Berlin. Macke's original letters were almost completely lost when the house was bombed in 1943, but she had made copies of his letters, which were saved.

She returned to Bonn in 1948, where she lived in a small apartment in August Macke's atelier until 1976. Their home is now a museum, the August-Macke-Haus. She took part in the cultural life of the town and published her memoirs as a book in 1962.

Erdmann-Macke wrote memoirs in the 1970s of meetings with artists, including Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Lyonel Feininger, Paul Hindemith, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul and , the Marcs, , Herwarth Walden, and Mary Wigman. A collection based on 110 manuscripts, entitled Begegnungen (Encounters), was published in 2009.

Elisabeth spent her last two years with her children in Berlin, where she died in 1978 at the age of 89.

Publications
 Erinnerung an August Macke (with an essay by Lothar Erdmann and 20 illustrations), Kohlhammer 1962; 16th edition, Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 2006,
 Begegnungen, edited and with a biographical overview by Margarethe Jochimsen and Hildegard Reinhardt, Kerber Verlag, Bielfeld 2009,


John David (academic)

John David is an American physician currently the Richard Pearson Strong Professor of Tropical Public Health, Emeritus at Harvard University.


Johann Ulrich Steigleder

Johann Ulrich Steigleder (22 March 1593 – 10 October 1635) was a German Baroque composer and organist. He was the most celebrated member of the Steigleder family, which also included Adam Steigleder (1561–1633), his father, and Utz Steigleder (died 1581), his grandfather.

Steigleder was born in Schwäbisch Hall on 22 March 1593. He was instructed in music by his father Adam, whose teacher was the then-famous Simon Lohet. In 1613 he became organist of Stephanskirche in Lindau, on Lake Constance; then in 1617 he left Lindau for Stuttgart, where he became organist of the Stiftskirche the same year. In 1627 Steigleder was appointed ducal organist at the Württemberg court. While in Stuttgart, he may have taught, among others, Johann Jakob Froberger. He died of plague in 1635 in the midst of the Thirty Years' War.

Steigleder's most important works are his two published collections of organ pieces. The first, Ricercar tabulatura of 1624 (published at Stuttgart), introduced a number of important innovations. It was the first German music collection to be published using engraved copper plates (the title page indicates that the composer did the engraving himself). It was also, together with Scheidt's Tabulatura nova, one of the first German printed collections to adopt five-line notation with notes instead of letter notation. Finally, Steigleder was among the first to make the transition from modal indications such as primi toni, secundi toni, etc. to keys in keyboard music. Ricercar tabulatura consists of 12 ricercars that explore a wide range of techniques and models, from simple monothematic works to pieces with double subjects, several sections, etc.; some are inspired by Sweelinck in their structure and/or use of diminution and augmentation. One of the ricercars contains a long interlude built on imitation of cuckoo's call, like Frescobaldi's and Kerll's capriccios sopra Cucu.

Steigleder's Tabulaturbuch (Strasbourg, 1627) consists of 40 variations on Luther's chorale "Vater unser im Himmelreich". This collection was intended for the church organist, and Steigleder specifically states that the performer may choose how many variations to play, which ones and in what sequence. Certain variations call for a supporting instrument or singer to reinforce the chorale melody. Steigleder employs a vast array of techniques from simple 2 voice settings to double counterpoint, extensive multi-sectional fantasies and toccatas, various canons, hocket, and many more.

In part because of his early death Steigleder did not exert much influence over the development of keyboard music in Europe. Thematic connections with his work, however, were found in Froberger's music.


Siege of Seringapatam (1792)

The 1792 Siege of Seringapatam was a battle and siege of the Mysorean capital city of Seringapatam (Srirangapatna) at the end of the Third Anglo-Mysore War.  An army led by Charles, Earl Cornwallis consisting of British East India Company and British Army forces, along with allied forces from the Maratha Empire and the Nizam of Hyderabad, arrived at Seringapatam on 5 February 1792, and after less than three weeks of battle and siege, forced Tipu Sultan to capitulate.  With his agreement to the Treaty of Seringapatam on 18 March 1792, the war came to an end.

Background

The prospects for Tipu Sultan, the Muslim ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore, had declined significantly during the 1791 campaign season of the Third Anglo-Mysore War.  Although he had been able to reverse some advances made by forces of the British East India Company forces under General William Medows in 1790, he had lost ground on all fronts in 1791, and only a slash-and-burn policy to deprive his opponents of provisions and forage had prevented company forces under Charles Cornwallis from besieging his capital, Seringapatam.  Cornwallis, whose army had been desperately short of provisions, withdrew to Bangalore in May 1791 to resupply his army and wait out the monsoon rains.  Tipu took advantage of the British retreat to recover Coimbatore, but he lost several strong points when British forces captured Nundydroog and Savendroog late in 1791, and Britain's allies in the conflict, the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Marathas, also made territorial gains at his expense.

British forces
The force that Cornwallis assembled at Savendroog in January 1792 consisted of about 20,000 company and British Army troops, a horde of the nizam's cavalry, and an enormous civilian camp that trailed after the marching companies when it left Savendroog on 25 January.  After stopping at Outradroog to join with additional Hyderabadi troops, the great army marched on, only mildly harassed by Tipu's cavalry, until its advance guard got about  north of Seringapatam on 5 February, where the plains below Seringapatam opened and Cornwallis established a position from which Tipu's defences could be examined.  Tipu punctuated the arrival of the British by showering them with rockets in an ineffective yet impressive display of technology.  (Tipu's rockets were probably influential on William Congreve, who went on to develop what are now called Congreve rockets.)

In addition to the grand army, Cornwallis had ordered General Robert Abercromby to lead a supporting army of about 6,000 men from the Malabar (western) coast.

Tipu's defences

The city of Seringapatam occupied an island in the Kaveri River, which at that point flowed roughly west-to-east from the Western Ghats on its way to the Bay of Bengal.  The city proper occupied the center of the island, with the western end of the island occupied by a strong stone fortress, and the eastern end by a large walled garden that included Tipu's palace and the tomb of his father, Hyder Ali.  Tipu had arrayed army, which Cornwallis estimated to number between forty and fifty thousand, along a roughly semicircular line on the northern shore of the Kaveri that covered the approaches to the island.  This line, three to four miles (four to five km) long, was studded with six redoubts, and much of the line was protected by a thick hedge.  To the east (Tipu's right) the line was anchored by Karigaut Hill, and the entire line was arranged to be within firing range of either the fort or entrenched positions on the island.

Cornwallis, after inspecting the city's defences on 6 February, decided to attack even though Abercromby's column had not yet reached the area.  As long as Tipu's army was outside the city's defences, he could conduct a proper siege, and his opponent's freedom to act might also interfere with the arrival of Abercromby, who would have to cross the Kaveri (a difficult proposition for an army even without hostile forces nearby) to make a junction with the grand army.  Cornwallis planned a nighttime attack with three components.  General Medows would lead 7 battalions on the right, where he was to drive Tipu's left back toward the fort, while Lieutenant Colonel Maxwell would lead 4 battalions to gain Karigaut Hill on the left.  Cornwallis himself would direct 8 battalions in the center with the objective of gaining the river near the eastern end of the fort.  If successful, the Mysoreans would be driven onto the island, and either Cornwallis or Maxwell would be able to follow and establish a strong position from which the fort could be besieged.  Since the battle was to take place at night, they would be unable to use artillery to provide covering fire, so he ordered the attacks to be made only with musket and bayonet.  Cornwallis deliberately excluded the nizam's forces from the action, since he did not trust them to act effectively.

Battle
Cornwallis did not divulge details of the plan until one hour before the attack.  At around 9 pm the three divisions left camp.  In the center, Cornwallis advanced to the hedge, which his force reached around 11.  By then gunfire from his left indicated that Maxwell's men had already begun their attack on Karigaut Hill, and the sounds had thrown the Mysorean troops in the center into some disorder.  Cornwallis ordered his men through the hedge; the British troops closed with the bayonet on the Mysoreans, who fled in near-panic, leaving artillery, tents, and provisions behind.  One redoubt gave resistance and was stormed.  Maxwell's and Cornwallis' men chased the fleeing Mysoreans as they crossed the bridges onto the island and sought the shelter of the fort.  Tipu, from his position in the fort, observed the disaster and then raised the drawbridge to prevent British troops, which were by then intermingled with the Mysoreans, from gaining entry to the fort.  While this secured his own position, it left many of his troops at the mercy of the British.

The division of General Medows did not fare quite as well as the other two.  Medows strayed too far to the west in the dark, and although he successfully took the westernmost redoubt of the Mysorean line, he was prevented from approaching the island by a series of ravines and swampy ground.  This created a gap in the British lines between the center and right, exposing Cornwallis, who had held back from the lines with a single battalion, to personal danger.  Tipu sought to exploit this gap in order to recover the camp, and organized an infantry attack against the gap.  Cornwallis was able to rally his men and repulse the counterattack, but his hand was grazed by a bullet during the action.

When daylight arrived the field of battle was more clearly visible to all, and Tipu ordered his artillery to begin firing on the British positions.  Significantly exposed, Cornwallis withdrew his command to Karigaut Hill, abandoning part of his camp in the process, and leaving a detachment of men in the captured redoubt.  This enabled the Mysorean cavalry to roam freely through the area while Tipu's artillery continued to play on exposed British positions.  Unable to support the men in the redoubt, Cornwallis had to watch as the Mysoreans made five attempts to storm the redoubt, all of which were repulsed.  When night fell, Cornwallis was able to advance and relieve the beleaguered men in the redoubt.  Tipu also used the night to withdraw his men entirely from the north shore of the Kaveri, enabling Cornwallis to completely surround the fort.

Siege

In order to hasten the arrival of Abercromby's force, Cornwallis dispatched companies of Hyderabadi and Marathan cavalry to meet and escort them to the area.  On 10 February Abercromby's force arrived in camp, in spite of a sortie led by Tipu personally in an attempt to prevent the meeting from happening.  From this point, the siege became a matter of routine, as the British lines slowly advanced on the island toward the fortress.  On 23 February Cornwallis inspected the unfinished first parallel.  That same day, Tipu sent out negotiators to end hostilities.

Peace
Although fire ceased on 24 February, peace was not formally agreed until 18 March, when Tipu agreed to the severe terms of the Treaty of Seringapatam.  Cornwallis made a preliminary demand that Tipu surrender two of his sons as hostages of war to guarantee Tipu's performance.  On 26 February, in a ceremony immortalized in art by Robert Home, who accompanied Cornwallis on the expedition, Tipu's sons, aged seven and eleven, were delivered with great pomp and circumstance to Cornwallis' care.

The treaty terms forced by the victors on Tipu were harsh.  Mysore's size was reduced by half, with the company, the nizam, and the Marathas sharing in the spoils.  The territories taken by the company were chosen in part to ease the difficulty of defending against future attacks from Mysore, although the final war with Mysore was initiated by the British in anticipation of further military action by Tipu.  In that war, Seringapatam was stormed and Tipu died in its defence.

General Medows was apparently distraught over his poor performance in the battle.  On 27 February, after meeting with Cornwallis, he returned to his tent, and attempted to commit suicide, firing three bullets into his body with a pistol.  He failed in even this, and spent several days in agony.  His hopes dashed at ever gaining the command of India, he eventually returned to England.  Cornwallis never blamed him for his failures on the night of 6 February.

Notes


Le petit Faust

Le petit Faust is an opéra bouffe in four acts which burlesques the drama Faust by Goethe and the opera of the same name by Gounod. The music of the piece is by Hervé, with a text by Hector-Jonathan Crémieux and Adolphe Jaime. The work had its premiere in Paris at the Théâtre des Folies-Dramatiques on 23 April 1869.

Background
Gounod's opera Faust, loosely based on episodes from Goethe's drama, had first appeared in Paris in 1859 and had achieved great popularity. Hervé had produced a number of successful operettas and with this work he and his librettists took the story and added zany comic twists to it.

Main roles

Synopsis

Act 1
Dr. Faust's schoolroom

Dr. Faust, an elderly professor at a boarding school, is experiencing great difficulty in keeping his unruly students including Siébel in order. The students pass naughty notes to each other and cover their course work with obscene drawings but use their physical charms to avoid punishment. Valentin enters with other soldiers- he is about to go to war and has brought his sister Marguerite to the school so she can stay there in his absence. Dr. Faust, drawn to Marguerite's supposed innocence and her beauty, accepts her as a student even though she is over school age. Mephisto, the devil, appears to Faust and offers him youth, good looks and wealth in exchange for his powers of reasoning - not his soul, as in Goethe and Gounod, for as the devil says in this version "Everyone sells that these days without even signing a contract". Marguerite, meanwhile, not as pure and innocent as all that, has run away from the school to go to London to teach the British how to dance the can-can. Faust, now young and rich, in love and not knowing where Marguerite has gone, determines to search the world to find her again, vowing to be hers forever.

Act 2

A nightclub

Students, pleasure-seekers, and the demimonde are enjoying a night out, dancing and drinking and having fun. Faust enters, tired of a life of empty pleasure and seeking Marguerite. Mephisto has let it be known that Faust has a vast fortune to bestow on Marguerite, and girls claiming to be Marguerite appear from Japan, Italy, France and all over the world, but Faust rejects them all as fake. However, the real Marguerite does turn up at the club, back from teaching the English how to dance the can-can, and Faust is appalled to find such an "innocent" girl in these seedy surroundings. He is about to whisk her away in his carriage when her brother Valentin appears, back from the war, and is enraged to find Faust attempting to make her his lover. Valentin and Faust fight a duel, and aided by Mephisto, Faust kills Valentin and takes Marguerite away.

Act 3

Marguerite's bedroom

Marguerite is waiting for Faust to appear, but is having trouble remembering his name, as she relives the pleasure she has experienced with a number of past lovers, one in particular called Adolphe. Faust comes in and Marguerite tries to give him some idea of her past life, praying to God for forgiveness. About to have supper, Marguerite and Faust are startled by the ghost of Valentin appearing in the soup tureen. The ghost of Marguerite's brother informs her that Faust's huge wealth comes from the devil but she doesn't care. Valentin's ghost also informs her that Faust, in order to be worthy of her, has given all his money to the poor and Faust confirms this, whereupon Marguerite bitterly denounces Faust for killing her brother and declares she wants nothing further to do with him.

Act 4

Walpurgis Night

Witches, demons, ghouls and assorted spirits celebrate. Mephisto condemns Faust to fulfill his vow to be with the reluctant Marguerite forever, but her brother Valentin's soul is redeemed and goes to heaven.

Reception and performance history
Le petit Faust was praised by contemporary critics for its lively and elegant music and ran for over 200 consecutive performances in its first run. The work was given productions in London and other European cities and revived frequently in France throughout the 19th century.  It appeared on Broadway in New York city in 1870 in an English version by Henry B. Farnie under the title Little Faust! A revival in Paris in 1935 featured Fanély Revoil as Mephisto. Recent productions include performances in 2015 at the Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz, Munich. The Opéra de Marseille performed a new production of the piece beginning in March 2019.

Notes

External links


Cole Pratt

Cole Pratt (born 13 August 2002) is a Canadian swimmer. He competed in the men's 200 metre backstroke at the 2019 World Aquatics Championships.


Kewet

Kewet was the brand name of a battery electric vehicle.  Since 2007, it has been manufactured under the name Buddy by Elbil Norge in Oslo, Norway.  Since its inception in 1991, combined sales of the Kewet and Buddy totaled about 1,500 units through October 2013, mainly in Norway. It is similar to the Citicar of the 1970s.

History
In 1971, Knud Erik Westergaard started KEW Industries in Hadsund, Denmark. The company produced industrial washing equipment and high pressure cleaners. In 1988, this company was sold, and Westergaard founded Kewet (Knud Erik Westergaard Elektrisk Transport) to produce electric cars. In 1991, the first cars emerged from the production facilities. In 1995, production was moved to Nordhausen in the former East Germany. But this move was unsuccessful. Kewet went bankrupt in 1998. In August 1998, Kewet International was formed. Shortly thereafter, rights to the Kewet vehicle were transferred to the Norwegian company, Kollega Bil A/S, which changed its name to Elbil Norge AS. Currently, Kewet Service provides spare parts and repairs Kewet vehicles in Denmark, while Consys develops various systems for electric vehicles.

Models
Six generations of the Kewet have been produced:

Models 1 and 2 used 48 volt systems, 5 kW motors equipped with a four-speed manual transmission.
Model 3 was equipped with a 48 volt system, a 7.5 kW motor and a single-speed transmission.
Model 4 used 60 volt systems and a 10 kW motor.
Model 5 used 72 volt systems with a 12 kW motor.  It was also available as a van.
Model 6 (Buddy) uses 72 volt systems with a 13 kW motor.

The car seats three, has a range of typically 50 to 80 km (~31 to 50 mi) between charges (150 km/~93 mi with Li-Ion), with a top speed of 80 km/h (~49.7 MPH), and features a 1.6 kW electric heater or an optional paraffin heater. The chassis is made of galvanized steel and the shell is made of GRP. At the present time, it is only being offered for sale in Norway.


William Ward Jr. House

The William Ward Jr. House is a historic house at 137 Powder Hill Road in Middlefield, Connecticut.  Built in 1742,  it is the oldest surviving house in Middlefield.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.

Description and history
The William Ward Jr. House stands in a rural residential area of southwestern Middlefield, on the west side of Powder Hill Road south of Long Hill Road near a local park located in a former brownstone quarry featuring dinosaur tracks.  It is a -story wood-frame structure, three bays wide, with a large central chimney, gabled roof, and clapboarded exterior.  It has a typical New England saltbox appearance with an integral lean-to extending to the rear, and a single-story ell to the left.  The construction of the house includes many First Period features, including gunstock posts, and its second story overhangs the first slightly, a rare surviving feature in Connecticut.  Its foundation and fireplace hearthstones are brownstone, the latter exhibiting fossil remains, suggesting that the stone was probably taken from the nearby quarry site.  The interior retains a number  of original features, including doors and door hardware.

The property was first granted to William Ward in the 17th century, when the area was part of Middletown.  His great-grandson, also named William, built this house in 1742.  It is the oldest surviving house in Middlefield, and is architecturally distinctive for the use of cantilevered girts to support the rear leanto roof.  The house remained in the hands of the Wards and associated families until 1935.


Marbella Club Hotel

The Marbella Club Hotel is a hotel in Marbella, Spain. Guests have included Ava Gardner, Audrey Hepburn, Cary Grant and Laurence Olivier.

The hotel is located on the southern Spanish Costa del Sol, on the "Golden Mile" near Old Town Marbella and Puerto Banús.

The Marbella Club Hotel was built in 1954 by Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg as his private residence. It was extensively renovated and enlarged from the mid-1980s through 2000.

The hotel features 121 bedrooms and suites, spread over the beach front resort, and 16 Andalusian-style villas throughout  of gardens. The hotel has 132 rooms.

In 1999, the hotel completed its own private 18-hole golf course, designed by Dave Thomas. The hotel has a British P.G.A. Professional, Gary Vautier.  A riding stable for hotel guests is also present.


Sant'Angela Merici, Brescia

Sant'Angela Merici is a Renaissance style, Roman Catholic church located on Via Francesco Crispi, in central Brescia, region of Lombardy, Italy.

History
It was once known as the church of  Sant'Afra, and thus was often confused with the distinct Sant'Afra in Sant'Eufemia, which now known by just Sant'Afra. The present church of Sant'Angela Merici was also known as the church of San Faustino ad Sanguinem.

The site known as the cemetery of San Latino and was venerated for centuries as the location for the burials of many Christian martyrs. The church is the burial site of Saint Angela Merici, founder of the Order of Ursulines. In the 1500s, a church was built at the site. After near complete destruction by bombardments during the Second World War, the structure was reconstructed, “as it was and where it was”.

The paintings from the interior had been stored in safety during the war, and thus the church contains works by Pietro Maria Bagnadore, Grazio Cossali, Palma the Younger, Giulio Cesare Procaccini, Pietro Marone, Federico Barocci, and a polyptych by Paolo Caylina the Younger, It contains a ‘’Baptism of Saint Afra’’ by Francesco Bassano the Younger and a Transfiguration by Tintoretto . The crypt contains paleochristian burial sites.


2012 San Jose Earthquakes season

The 2012 San Jose Earthquakes season is the club's 15th year of existence, as well as its 15th season in Major League Soccer and its fifth consecutive season in the top-flight of American soccer. Including all previous franchises, this is the 30th year with a soccer club in the San Jose area sporting the name "Earthquakes".

Squad
As of September 14, 2012.

Reserve
This list shows players who have played for the team in official 2011 MLS Reserve Division games, but are not part of the senior roster.

Management

Other information

Transfers

In

Out

Loans in

Loans out

Friendlies

Timbers Tournament

Competitions

Major League Soccer

Regular Season

League table

Conference

Overall

Results by round

Results

MLS Cup Playoffs

U.S. Open Cup

Miscellany

Allocation ranking
San Jose is in the #6 position in the MLS Allocation Ranking. The allocation ranking is the mechanism used to determine which MLS club has first priority to acquire a U.S. National Team player who signs with MLS after playing abroad, or a former MLS player who returns to the league after having gone to a club abroad for a transfer fee. A ranking can be traded, provided that part of the compensation received in return is another club's ranking.

International roster slots
San Jose has 7 MLS International Roster Slots for use in the 2012 season. Each club in Major League Soccer is allocated 8 international roster spots. San Jose traded one slot to Toronto in July 2011 and acquired one slot from Sporting Kansas City in December 2011. Each of these trades expire on January 1, 2013. Also, San Jose had previously traded a slot to Toronto in July 2008 that returns on January 1, 2014.

Future draft pick trades
Future picks acquired: None.
Future picks traded: 2013 MLS SuperDraft conditional pick to New York Red Bulls.

MLS Rights to Other Players
San Jose maintains the MLS rights to Clarence Goodson after he declined a contract offer by the league and signed overseas with no transfer fee received. San Jose acquired Goodson's rights by drafting him in the 2007 MLS Expansion Draft.


Dickson Roses

Dickson Nurseries is a family owned rose nursery in Newtownards, County Down, Northern Ireland.

The firms
The nursery was founded by Alexander Dickson I (1801–1880) in 1836. His sons Hugh (c. 1831–1904) and George I (1832–1914) both became interested in roses. The firm became Alexander Dickson and Sons. A separate firm, Royal Nurseries, was founded by Hugh in 1869. With the help of George's sons Alexander II (December 20, 1857 – 1949) and George II they started breeding roses in the late 1870s. The main firm later changed its name to Dicksons of Hawlmark and finally became Dickson Nurseries when it moved from Hawlmark to Milecross Road, Newtownards, in 1969.

The BBC reported that the business might close in 2019.

The breeders
Introducing themselves as breeders at the National Rose Society Show in London in 1886, the Dicksons exhibited two Hybrid Perpetuals and a Tea Rose ('Earl of Dufferin', 'Lady Helen Stewart' and 'Ethel Brownlow'). Later came cultivars like George I's famous pink Hybrid Tea 'Mrs. W.J. Grant' (1892) or his cherry red Hybrid Perpetual 'Tom Wood' (1896).

Alexander II worked for the nursery between 1872 and 1930. He became the most prolific of Dickson breeders (242 roses), most notably of the 'Irish' series of single Hybrid Teas issued between 1900 and 1914 (e.g. 'Irish Elegance' in 1905); of 'George Dickson' (1912); of 'Kitchener of Khartoum' and 'Kootenay' (1917); of 'Kathleen Harrop' (1919); and of 'Dame Edith Helen'.

Many rose names such as Hugh's 'Ulster Gem' (1917) — and the name Royal Nurseries itself – show that the family regarded itself as part of the United Kingdom, not of a separate Ireland.

Alexander II was followed by his son, Alexander III (1893–October 15, 1975), whose 57 named roses include 'Sir Winston Churchill' (1955), 'Red Devil' (1965) and 'Nana Mouskouri' (1975), though his career was inhibited by the Second World War.

From 1957 Alexander Patrick (1926–2012), called Patrick, bred 156 roses for the company, introducing varieties such as 'Sea Pearl' (1964), 'Grandpa Dickson' (1966), 'Redgold' (1967) and 'Elina' (1983).

Since 1977 Colin Dickson (1956– ), rosarian of the sixth generation, has been the main rose breeder. Cultivars created include 'Beautiful Britain' (1983), 'Sweet Magic' (1996), 'Irish Eyes' (2000) and 'Whisper' (2002).

Awards
Many cultivars created by the Dickson family are known worldwide and were granted several rose awards. The following table shows a selection:

GM - Gold Medal; PIT - President's International Trophy (Great Britain)


Aventas group

The Aventas group, formerly the QUINN group, is a business group headquartered in Derrylin, County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland. The group has ventured into cement and concrete products, container glass, general insurance, radiators, plastics, hotels, and real estate. It was formed by Seán Quinn in 1973, developing from a small quarrying operation in Derrylin into a large organization, employing over 8,000 people in various locations throughout Europe.

From 2004 the group saw great expansion throughout Europe, with radiator and plastic manufacturing plants in the United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, France, Spain and Slovakia. The group property portfolio also includes hotel and business centres in Poland, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Turkey, and Russia. Its first venture into the cement industry was in 1989. The commissioning of its first container glass plant was in 1998. It acquired the health insurer Bupa Ireland in 2007.

On 30 March 2010, following an application by the Central Bank of Ireland, the High Court appointed joint provisional administrators to Quinn Insurance Limited.

In April 2011, a share receiver was appointed to Anglo Irish Bank (to which the Quinn Group owed over €2.8 billion), who took control of the Quinn family's equity interest in the Quinn Group. Seán Quinn and his family no longer have any role in the management, operations or ownership of the group. Seán Quinn was declared bankrupt in the Republic of Ireland on 16 January 2012.

In November 2013, the group was renamed from QUINN to Aventas.

Financial situation
As a private company registered in Ireland, it files annual statements with the Companies Registration Office. The last accounts were filed in October 2009. The company reported a net profit of €68.9 million for the year to December 2008, based on gross sales of €2,264.4 million. Although it had reported an operating profit in its two main divisions, insurance and non-insurance (e.g. Cement, Property) for each of the last 3 years, the company was impacted by significant provisions in 2006 and 2007.

Despite the reported profit of €69.9 million in the year to December 2008, the Group's shareholders equity fell by over €220 million in the year, partly due to a €200 million distribution and other recognized losses that were not applied to the Income Statement but appeared directly in shareholders equity. Over the 3-year period to December 2008, the Group revalued upward its assets and investments by a net cumulative €306 million, which positively impacted shareholders equity. Over the same period it took a charge to equity of a net cumulative €312 million due to adverse exchange rate movements.

Further complicating the financial picture of the Group's financial statements is a collection of other related party transactions. In the year to December 2008, the Group reported an income of €150 million from the Quinn family and related entities, for services provided by the Group including: "the identification of sites for acquisition and development, the negotiation of purchase price, the negotiation and arrangement of financing, the engagement of developers and related professional advisors and the ongoing monitoring of the projects through the construction phase." For accounting purposes, these incomes, totaling €221 million in 2008, would have been included in the income statement that lead to the reported profit of €68.9 million in the year to December 2008.

At the end of December 2008, the Quinn family and related undertakings had loans of €891.3 million to Quinn Group (ROI) Limited. The annual report for 2008 states in the "related party transactions" section that Group had taken a total of €888m of provisions related to loans given to family controlled property companies, investment and finance companies, and other family controlled companies. Of these provisions, €785.6 million related to the investment and finance companies which includes Quinn Finance Holdings, the entity that owned an economic interest of 15% in Anglo Irish Bank. Provisions of €888m accounted for against the €891m of loans, may indicate the family and the related entities may be unlikely to repay over 99% of these loans to Group.

In April 2011 Kieran Wallace of KPMG was appointed as share receiver to Anglo Irish Bank (to which the Quinn Group owe over €2.8 billion) and took control of the Quinn family's equity interest in Quinn Group. Sean Quinn and the Quinn family no longer have any role in the management, operations or ownership of the Quinn Group. Quinn was declared bankrupt on 11 November 2011 in Northern Ireland; this was annulled on appeal but he was declared bankrupt in the Republic of Ireland on 16 January 2012.

Divisions

Manufacturing
The manufacturing division's main activities are the manufacture and supply of cement and concrete products including, rooftiles, prestress flooring, Quinn-lite blocks, polystyrene insulation products, tarmac and general quarry products. QUINN Quarries are involved in the extraction and processing of sand and gravel since the 1970s, the Quarries Division of the Group still produces these products today. Quarry stone, washed sand, gravel, ready mixed concrete and concrete blocks are all produced at Quinn plants. The second quarry in Williamstown, County Galway was founded in 1977 to supply Galway and the surrounding counties with quarry and concrete products.

Rooftiles
QUINN Rooftiles commenced production in 1982, with a purpose built factory at Gortmullen, Derrylin. This first plant was commissioned in 1982. However, due to market demand a new factory built on the existing site commenced production in 2001 and was expanded again in 2005. Quinn Rooftiles is a major supplier to the construction sector throughout the Republic of Ireland. QUINN Prestressed began producing prestressed concrete products in 1984. All of these products are used in a range of domestic and industrial building applications. QUINN Lite produces lightweight thermal blocks for use in the construction of internal and external walls and the inner and outer leaves of cavity walls. QUINN Lite Pac, Granard, County Longford was founded in 1975 to produce and distribute expanded polystyrene thermal insulation products for the construction industry. The product is an expanded polystyrene board for insulating floors. A large proportion of this product is used in the insulation of commercial, industrial and domestic buildings.

Therm
QUINN Therm, at Scotchtown, Ballyconnell, County Cavan was commissioned in October 2004 to produce and distribute rigid polyurethane thermal insulation products for the Irish and UK markets. Aventas Therm produces rigid foam board for cavity wall insulation. QUINN Tarmac was established in 1994 to produce a range of blacktop products. Aventas Cement has been in production since 1989 at its Derrylin site using local raw material from the quarry facilities. Because of increasing demand from the construction sector, a second plant was commissioned in 2000 in the northern part of the Republic of Ireland, outside the small town of Ballyconnell and close to the Northern Ireland border.

Plastics
In May 2004, the group acquired Barlo Group PLC. This led to the announcement of the formation of Quinn Plastics on 1 January 2005. Barlo Plastics was created in 1998 by the merger of four plastic sheet producers and further expanded by four sheet extrusion companies in 1999 and 2000. The company's main business lies in the production of domestic and industrial transparent plastic sheet products, including building and construction, interior design and safety. It produces 90,000 tonnes annually and employs over 700 people. Headquartered in Derrylin, County Fermanagh, the company has operating facilities in Belgium, France, Germany, Spain, Slovakia, the UK and the Czech Republic. In 2005, the company purchased Polyex, a UK start-up business that is now the base for their Alfreton production site. It provides products for many different applications. In October 2013, it was rebranded as Polycasa.

Packaging
QUINN Packaging (trading as Barlo Packaging until 2004) has provided rigid packaging for the food industry from its plant in Newbridge since the 1980s, when the markets for dairy spreads and yellow fats emerged. Quinn packaging also has a factory in Ballyconnell, built in 2006, that produces food trays, film and thin gauge sheet for the food packaging industry.

Power
As a large user of electricity within its manufacturing base, it constructed a five megawatt wind farm in 1995 on the Slieve Rushen Mountain, which nestles behind the core manufacturing base of the Group at Derrylin. This was further complemented in 2004 by the addition of a 13.5-megawatt wind farm at Snugborough, Ballyconnell, County Cavan. The power it generates is fed into the National Grid. The Group is in the planning stages of further developments in this area. These are set to include a €300 million, 450-megawatt combined cycle gas turbine in County Louth, which has been approved and fast-tracked by An Bord Pleanala under the state's Strategic Infrastructure Bill. It will supply up to 8% of Ireland's peak demand and is set to come online in 2010 despite the slump. Plans for a similar project in County Galway are at a pre-consultation stage. Quinn Environmental also operate a small 500 kW Landfill Gas utilization plant at their Lisbane landfill site in Tandragee, County Armagh, which supplies energy to the NIE grid.

Glass
In 1998, the Group moved into the container glass market with the establishment of QUINN Glass, which manufactures glass containers for the food and beverage industries, with operations in Ireland and the UK. The first plant went into production at the end of 1998, producing a range of flint, green and amber containers. The plant is based in Derrylin and employs over 370 staff with an annual production capacity of 720 million containers. This is expected to increase to 830 million units in 2008 with the completion of a furnace rebuild at the plant. Quinn Glass is one of only a handful of plants worldwide where bottles can be manufactured and filled on a single site. It features one of the largest automated warehouses in Europe, capable of handling 282,000 pallets of filled and unfilled glass containers.

In 2005, it expanded, and built a second plant at Elton, Cheshire, creating over 550 new jobs. It produces 20 percent of the UK's glass container requirements and provides a glass packaging, filling and distribution service for the drinks industry. The facilities at the plant include a beverage filling hall, warehousing, two glass melting furnaces and 13 production lines. The capacity of the second plant is currently 1.2 billion units, with production capacity of both plants estimated to be 2.4 billion units in 2008. The plant has five lines capable of bottling a total of 400 bottles of wine, or 1,000 bottles of beer a minute. Having manufacturing and bottling on the same site can reduce costs and keep prices competitive. By offering bottling services, there is the potential for glass makers to win more business as an overflow plant in times of high demand, and it is as a contract packing operation that the greatest benefits from bottling lines are likely to be had. However, the plant was constructed without the correct planning permission, and on 8 April 2009, the High Court ruled that it should be demolished.
Quinn have announced their intention to appeal the decision.

Radiators
In May 2004, the Quinn Group acquired the Barlo Group, leading to the announcement of the formation of Quinn Radiators on 1 January 2005. This gave the new group: a production facility in Leigh which produces the "roundtop" range; a second in Grobbendonk, Belgium, which produces the "compact" range; and until the plant's closure in 2008, represented in Ireland through the Merriott brand based in Clonmel, County Tipperary.

At the start of 2007, a new radiator facility employing 500 people went into production in Newport, South Wales, in part of the never-occupied former LG television plant. Becoming the divisions new European headquarters, the aim is to expand the facility to become the largest domestic radiator plant in the world, producing four million radiators a year by 2008.

Former QUINN divisions

Financial Services
QUINN Direct Insurance Limited (QUINN Financial Services) was a general insurance company that was established in Ireland in 1996 by the Quinn Group. The company expanded and opened an office on O'Connell Street, Dublin, in 1997. In March 2003, Ian Pearson, Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Investment, announced the opening of the new offices in Enniskillen. The company moved into the UK Commercial business, where it operated through its Salford Quays office in Manchester from 2003.

QUINN Life Direct was launched in 2000 as an entity separate from Quinn Insurance. It offered financial services to customers in Ireland and its core business consisted of investments, savings, pensions and retirement plans; however, the company also offered pensions and savings under the "Freeway" brand. In February 2007, QUINN Healthcare entered the Irish health insurance market with the completion of its takeover of BUPA Ireland Limited's business.

In October 2008, the Irish Financial Regulator required Quinn Insurance Limited to pay a monetary penalty of over €3 million for failure to notify the Regulator before providing loans to related companies.

Consultancy firm Thomas Carroll, posted on its website that Quinn Insurance was placed into "Provisional Administration" on 30 March 2010 by the Irish Financial Regulator. The article stated:

The Irish Times reports that Council for the regulator said that the company had "significantly breached" its solvency ratios in recent months. Further concern arose following the disclosure that subsidiaries of Quinn Insurance made guarantees in relation to the group's asset which had the effect of reducing the insurer's assets by 448m euros.

QUINN Financial Services was banned from continuing business in the UK, although it was still free to transact business in Ireland. On 15 April 2010, the Irish Times reported that Quinn Insurance decided not to fight the appointment of a permanent administrator.

In February 2012 Irish Life and Permanent took over the majority of Quinn's life assurance and pension business.

Hotels
The group own eight hotels located in Ireland, the United Kingdom and Europe. The list of current hotel properties includes:
The four-star Buswells Hotel
The five-star Hilton Hotel in Prague
The four-star Slieve Russell Hotel, near Ballyconnell, County Cavan
The five-star Hilton Hotel in Sofia
The Crowne Plaza in Cambridge
Holiday Inn in Nottingham
The Ibis Hotel in Prague
The five-star Hilton Hotel in Krakow

Property
QUINN Property is a division of the group which specialises in the development and management of commercial real-estate for lease in a number of markets across Europe. Current properties include the Leonardo Business Centre and Univermag shopping centre in Ukraine, the Kutuzoff Tower and Caspiy Business Centre in Moscow, Kazan Logistics Park in Kazan, the Prestige Mall in Istanbul, Turkey, and the Russian DIY store Stroiarsenal in Yekaterinburg. Along with the rest of the Quinn Group, it is in administration while efforts are made to identify and sell off properties to pay off its €2.8 billion of loans.

Energy
In 2007, the QUINN Group applied for planning permission for natural-gas-fired power stations at Toomes in County Louth and Toherroe, County Galway, to generate 450 and  megawatts respectively. They would be among the biggest power stations ever built in Ireland.

Planning for the station in Toomes was granted on 30 May 2008 by An Bord Pleanála, as one of the first cases under the Strategic Infrastructure Act 2006 against the Inspector's recommendation, which argued that "the proposed development would be a discordant and incongruous feature in the local rural landscape, would contravene materially the Development Plan and would therefore be contrary to the proper planning and development of the area."

Financial uncertainty in early 2010
The Central Bank of Ireland authorised the Quinn Group to borrow €169 million from Anglo Irish Bank in order to buy Anglo Irish shares (which subsequently had to be nationalised at a cost of €5,500 for every man, woman and child in the State). The Central Bank's actions were described as "like the Vatican running an abortion clinic." At a meeting with the Chairman of Quinn Insurance, the Central Bank didn't think it was "fair or appropriate" to "tackle" the tycoon on his investments.

On 30 March 2010, following an application by Ireland's Financial Regulator, the High Court appointed joint provisional administrators to Quinn Insurance Limited. According to the Irish Independent, eight subsidiaries of Quinn Insurance provided guarantees of €1.2bn to cover Quinn Group's debts, prompting the regulator to seek the appointment of provisional administrators in the High Court. In total, the Quinn family is estimated to have taken out €2.8 billion worth of loans from the Anglo Irish Bank and the Quinn Group is responsible for an additional €1.2 billion in loaned money—as of July 2012, the due dates for these loans is unknown.

According to the Financial Times, a number of UK based Insurance companies had warned regulators over a number of years that they believed Quinn Insurance's property and casualty business was unsustainable. The FT stated that a number of London-based firms had written to the UK Financial Regulator, the FSA, stating that "no insurer could systematically charge premium rates that were often significantly lower than all its rivals over an extended period and remain viable". Both the UK and Irish regulators refused to comment on the story. However, the Irish Regulator, has directed the provisional administrators to ensure that Quinn Insurance ceases writing new business in the UK to prevent the company "suffering further financial losses from its currently unprofitable UK business".

Given the magnitude of the loans to Anglo Irish Bank the company was reported to be considering a €700 million financial rescue of the Quinn Group. The plan, would see €150m injected into Quinn Insurance and €550m would be used to pay off bondholders. Anglo Irish Bank would become majority shareholder in the Quinn Group.

The Quinn Group took action to counter the moves by the Financial Regulator including the mobilisation of its employees into street protests., The Group furthermore rejected press speculation that the Group needs €700m of financing. Instead the Group estimates that a cash injection of between €100m and €150m is required. refusing to speculate on the need for a €550 million payment to bondholders, it noted that a re-financing, if it occurred, would not necessarily increase the overall debts of the Group.

On 15 April 2010, the Irish Times reported that Quinn Insurance decided not to fight the appointment of a permanent administrator. According to RTÉ, Quinn Insurance believed it may have a better chance if it were dealing with a full-time administrator, and has increasingly been concerned about the damage it is suffering as a result of the ban on it doing business in the UK.

Intimidation campaign
A series of attacks on Aventas property and staff have happened since August 2011. First was an arson attack on the family car of Paul O'Brien at his home in Ratoath, County Meath. Paul O'Brien was the chief executive of Aventas. In November 2013 a crane valued at €250,000 belonging to the Quinn group, was set on fire in Ballinamore, County Leitrim. In January 2014 a 52 seater bus was filled with tyres, set on fire and driven into the Aventas factory complex in Ballyconnell. Seán Quinn has repeatedly condemned the violence.