Hassouneh Al-Sheikh

Hassouneh Yousef Qasem Al-Sheikh (; born 26 January 1977) is a retired Jordanian footballer of Palestinian origin.

Retirement
Hassouneh retired internationally after playing the match between his country Jordan and Kuwait in the 2010 WAFF Championship, in which he entered as a substitute for his teammate Ahmad Abdel-Halim. That match resulted in a 2–2 draw.

A friendly match was played between his country Jordan and Uzbekistan at the Amman International Stadium on 13 August 2012 to mark his international retirement. Hassouneh gave the captain arm band to the goalkeeper Amer Shafi and his #8 jersey shirt to his younger teammate from Al-Faisaly Khalil Bani Attiah after playing the first few minutes of the match.

Hassouneh retired from playing football entirely in 2014. A friendly match was played between Hassouneh's team Al-Faisaly and Zamalek SC at the Amman International Stadium on 3 September 2017, which resulted in a 2–2 draw.

Honors and participation in international tournaments

In AFC Asian Cups
2004 Asian Cup

In Pan Arab Games
1997 Pan Arab Games
1999 Pan Arab Games

In Arab Nations Cup
1998 Arab Nations Cup
2002 Arab Nations Cup

In WAFF Championships
2000 WAFF Championship
2002 WAFF Championship
2004 WAFF Championship
2007 WAFF Championship
2008 WAFF Championship
2010 WAFF Championship

International goals


History of Long Island

Long Island has had a long recorded history from the first European settlements in the 17th century to today.  Greatly influenced by construction of railroads in the 19th century, it experienced growth in tourism as well as the development of towns and villages into some of the first modern suburbs in the United States.

American Indian settlements
At the time of European contact, the Lenape people (named the Delaware by Europeans) inhabited the western end of the Island, and spoke the Munsee dialect of the Algonquian language family. Giovanni da Verrazzano was the first European to record an encounter with these people when he entered what is now New York Bay in 1524.

The eastern portion of the island was inhabited by speakers of the Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett language group of the same language family, representing their ties to the aboriginal peoples inhabiting what is now Connecticut and Rhode Island.  The area was central to the production of Wampum, providing the resources necessary for its creation.

Decades after the decline in population of Native American on Long Island, amateur anthropologist Silas Wood published a book claiming that there had been several homogenous "tribes" traditional to Long Island; they erroneously became collectively known as the Metoac, a word that has no known Native American origin and means nothing in any indigenous language on Long Island.  Modern scientific scholarship has shown that there were two linguistic groups representing two cultural identities on the island, as noted above, not "13 tribes" as asserted by Wood.  The Montaukett, Unkechaug, and Shinnecock nations, three Native American groups with ties to aboriginal inhabitants, still live on the island.

A Native American name for Long Island is Paumanok, meaning "The Island that Pays Tribute".  More powerful tribes in the surrounding areas forced the relatively peaceful Long Islanders to give tributes and payment to avoid attacks.

Colony

Dutch and English Settlements

The western portion of Long Island was settled by the Dutch, who named it Lange Eylant. They also had early settlements in the 17th century on what are now Manhattan and Staten Island.

On April 22, 1636 Charles I of England ordered that the Plymouth Colony, which had laid claim to the island but had not settled it, give the island to William Alexander.  Alexander through his agent James Farret (who personally received Shelter Island and Robins Island) in turn sold most of the eastern island to the New Haven and Connecticut colonies.

Lion Gardiner was the first English settler as he settled on Gardiners Island in 1637.

Farret arrived in New Amsterdam in 1637 to present his claim of English sovereignty and was arrested and sent to prison in Holland where he escaped.  English attempted to settle at Cow Bay at what today is Port Washington in May 1640 but were arrested and released after saying they were mistaken about the title.

English settlements on the east end began in earnest shortly thereafter.

Puritans from New Haven, Connecticut, arrived in present-day Southold on October 21, 1640. Under the leadership of the Reverend John Youngs, with Peter Hallock, the families of Barnabas Horton, John Budd, John Conklin, William Wells, John Tuthill, Thomas Mapes, Richard Terry, Matthias Corwin, Robert Akerly, Zachariah Corey and Isaac Arnold planted the first English and first white settlement in eastern Long Island. They purchased the land in the summer of 1640 from an Indian tribe named the Corchaugs.  The Corchaug name of what became Southold was Yenniock.  Southampton was founded when settlers from Lynn, Massachusetts established residence on lands obtained from local Shinnecock Indian Nation also in 1640. The first settlers included eight men, one woman, and a boy who came ashore at Conscience Point. Dutch complaints did not matter.  Officials of the Colony of New Netherland did not make immediate efforts to expel the English from such a remote place.

Southold remained under the jurisdiction of New Haven until 1662, and of Connecticut until 1674. When the English handed over the colony of New York to the Dutch in 1673, the eastern towns, including Southold, Easthampton and Southampton, refused to submit.  The Dutch attempted to force the matter by arms.  The English colonists repelled them with assistance from Connecticut settlers.

When New York became English again in 1674, these eastern towns, whose people were Yankee by background, preferred to stay part of Connecticut.  Although Connecticut agreed, the government of the Duke of York forced the matter.  Governor Sir Edmund Andros threatened to eliminate the settlers' rights to land if they did not yield, which they did by 1676.  This was chiefly the result of the Duke of York's grudge against Connecticut, as New Haven had hidden three of the judges who sentenced the Duke's father King Charles I to death in 1649.

Long Island contained three of the original twelve counties of the English Province of New York organized in 1683: Kings, Queens, and Suffolk. At that time, Queens County included all of present-day Nassau County and a small portion of western Suffolk County.

Residents in Long Island towns conducted several witch hunts, including one involving the daughter of Lion Gardiner in East Hampton. Early colonial figures on the island include Wyandanch, William "Tangier" Smith, Captain William Kidd, Lion Gardiner, and John Underhill.

Revolutionary War

The Battle of Long Island, the largest Revolutionary War battle, ranged across Kings County, now the Borough of Brooklyn in New York City.  Apart from espionage and raids across Long Island Sound, there was limited military action in Queens and Suffolk County. Throughout most of the war, Long Island was controlled by the King's forces.  As was customary, they billeted Hessian and regular troops with local households, who had to provide bedding and food for soldiers.  In Oyster Bay, Major John André was visiting the headquarters of Lt. Col. James Simcoe at Raynham Hall, the family home of Robert Townsend, one of George Washington's Culper Ring spies.  Townsend family legend holds that Robert's sister Sally overheard André and Simcoe discussing Benedict Arnold's treasonous plan to turn West Point over to the King's forces.

Colonists conducted numerous raids on Long Island during the war, usually by whaleboats from Connecticut. The most famous raid was the Sag Harbor or Meigs Raid in 1777. Possibly the last battle of the American Revolution was the "Boat Fight" of December 1782.

Nineteenth century

In the 19th century, Long Island was still mainly rural and agricultural.  Suburbanization started modestly on Long Island when reliable steam ferry service allowed prosperous Wall Streeters to get to new Brooklyn Heights homes in time for dinner.  Rural traffic was served by the new Brooklyn and Jamaica Plank road through Jamaica Pass, among others.  After the American Civil War, streetcar suburbs sprawled out onto the outwash plain of central and southern Kings County.  Trolleys also brought workers from other parts of western Queens to Long Island City jobs.

The Long Island Rail Road was begun as a combined ferry-rail route to Boston via Greenport.  The predecessor to the Long Island Rail Road began service in 1836 from the ferry terminal (to Manhattan) through Brooklyn to Jamaica in Queens, and completed the line to the east end of Long Island in 1844.  Other rail lines to Coney Island, the Rockaways and Long Beach serviced the beach resort towns. The growing and merging railroads opened up more than 50 stations in (present-day) Nassau County and over 40 in Suffolk Country, laying the foundation for the future suburbanization of the island.

From 1830 until 1930, population roughly doubled every twenty years, and several cities were incorporated, such as the City of Brooklyn in Kings County, and Long Island City in Queens.

By the late 19th century, Long Island had become a summer refuge for residents of New York City. The Landing, in Glen Cove, is named for the spot where 19th-century steamship lines would disembark summer visitors, not far from where J. P. Morgan had his summer mansion.  Long Island was the home of a branch of the prominent Roosevelt family, including author Robert Roosevelt, and his more famous nephew, President Theodore Roosevelt, who built a summer home at Sagamore Hill on the North Shore of Nassau County – on the outskirts of Oyster Bay.  Roosevelt Field was named after Quentin Roosevelt, Theodore's son.  Gold Coast Mansions on the North Shore of Long Island were also the homes of the wealthy Vanderbilt family and late-19th-century financiers and industrialists, such as John Paul Getty, Charles Pratt and others.

Until the 1883 completion of the Brooklyn Bridge, the only connection between Long Island and the rest of the United States was by boat. Other bridges and tunnels followed, and a suburban character spread as population increased.

On January 1, 1898, Kings County and portions of Queens were consolidated into The City of Greater New York, abolishing all cities and towns within them. The easternmost 280 square miles (725 km2) of Queens County, which were not part of the consolidation plan,
formed a separate county in 1899. "Nassau", one of several names by which the island was once known, was revived to represent the newly established county.

Slavery in Long Island

Black people have been an integral part of Long Island history, most arriving first as slaves before the Revolution and working both at domestic and rural trades. New York and Long Island kept slavery until laws for its gradual abolition were passed in 1799.  The last slaves were freed by 1827. Most freedmen settled near where they had been living.

With the small family farms and industrial economy within the North, the need for slavery was much less than in the Southern United States. Slavery tended to be more common in rural areas of the Northeast, like Long Island, rather than in the cities. Slavery took a different form in the Northern states than on Southern plantations. While slaves were still treated as property by law, and included as bequests in wills, they were fewer in number. On Long Island, it was typical for farmers to own five or six slaves per household. They lived closely within the family, sometimes within the same quarters.

After the Civil War, the issue of race increased on Long Island, as well as surrounding areas in New York. Fears of freed blacks taking the jobs of working-class whites created tensions in addition to  tensions with immigrant communities seeking work.  As time progressed, African Americans within the local Tri-State area began to work in industrialized cities such as New York City and Philadelphia.

Growth in the 20th century
Early in the 20th century, elevated and subway trains allowed masses of workers to commute to Manhattan jobs from Queens and eastern Brooklyn, which offered cheaper and larger housing but were far beyond reasonable walking distance. Seven new bridges were built across the East River - Williamsburg Bridge (1903), Queensboro Bridge (1909),  Manhattan Bridge (1909), Hell Gate Bridge (1916), Triborough Bridge (1936), Bronx-Whitestone Bridge (1939), and Throgs Neck Bridge (1961). Immigrants spilling over from New York City made comfortable lives on Long Island. The immigration waves of Southern and Eastern Europe have been pivotal in creating the diversity on Long Island that many other American regions lack. These immigrations are reflected in the large Irish American, Italian American and Jewish-American populations. Typically the immigrants lived in the city first or the more urban western parts of the island, and their children and grandchildren moved further east. Late-20th-century immigrants, by contrast, often settled directly in Nassau County and other suburban areas.

When racing was banned on public roads, one of the Vanderbilts opened the Long Island Motor Parkway in 1908 from Kissena (Queens) to Lake Ronkonkoma. This limited access motor highway was one of the first in the world.

In the 1920s and 1930s, suburbanization reached beyond the western end of the island, and Long Island began the transformation from backwoods and farms to the paradigm of the American suburb. Under its president Robert Moses, the Long Island State Park Commission spanned the island with parkways and state parks.  Jones Beach was the most famous, "the crown jewel in Moses' State Park System". Long Island quickly became New York City's retreat – with millions of people going to and from the city to the new state parks. In time, development started to follow the parkways and the railroad lines, with commuter towns springing up first along the railroad, then the roadways: the Southern State Parkway, the Northern State Parkway, and, from the 1960s on, the Long Island Expressway.

After World War II, Long Island's population skyrocketed, mostly in Nassau County and western Suffolk County.  People who worked and lived in New York City moved out to Long Island in the new developments built during the post-war  boom. The most famous post-war development was the town of Levittown. Positioned along the Wantagh Parkway and near Southern State Parkway, in the area formerly known as Island Trees, Levittown became the first place where a developer built numerous adjacent houses in one subdivision, providing great opportunity for GIs' returning home to build families.

After the success of Levittown, other areas modeled what some people criticize as "suburban sprawl", and Nassau County became more densely populated than its eastern counterpart, Suffolk County. In the late 1960s, areas in Suffolk County, such as Deer Park and Commack, also saw rapid development. Driving out east along routes such as New York Route 27 (Sunrise Highway) along the South Shore or on the North Shore along New York State Route 25 (Jericho Turnpike) or New York State Route 25A, houses and buildings start to spread out, even turning back to the potato and sod farms that once were East of and including towns such as Mount Sinai. (Although Development is Spreading Further East)

21st century

Long Island and 9/11
Long Island residents suffered many losses in the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center. A large portion of the island's residents commute daily to Manhattan for work. In the days after the attacks, many of the victims' cars remained parked in the same spots at Long Island Rail Road stations- leaving a visual reminder of the intimate nature of the tragedy for other commuters. On a per capita basis, the village of Garden City lost the most people in the attacks. Almost all of Long Island's volunteer fire departments were called to assist the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) by providing manpower at Ground Zero, assisting in evacuations, and providing firefighting coverage for areas of the city stripped by the response to lower Manhattan. Due to extremely clear weather, many in Eastern Long Island, including places like Old Inlet and Fire Island, could see the huge clouds of smoke rising for days from the ashes of the World Trade Center.

2008–2009 recession

Long Island slipped into recession in October 2008  almost a year later than the U.S. economy.
It lost 7,100 private-sector jobs in the 12 months ended in November 2008 with losses spread across most industries.

Taking into account coming business failures, layoffs delayed until after the holiday season, and cost controlling in the growing health care and government sectors,
Nassau-Suffolk could lose another 20,000 to 35,000 payroll jobs before losses abate late this year or next.
This is in addition to potential job losses among the These losses could push Long Island's unemployment rate from the current 5.2 percent to as much as 6.8 percent by year end.

The median price of newly sold Nassau homes fell from a peak of $502,500 in August 2007 to $410,000 in November 2008, a drop of more than 18 percent. Comparable Suffolk prices peaked at $520,000 in June 2007 and declined to $435,000 in November 2008.
Median home prices on Long Island could fall by another 15 percent before the Long Island housing market bottoms out, probably in 2010. This assumes that the market settles back to its long-term ratio of home prices being 15 times annual rents.

Aviation history
Long Island is important in the history of aviation.  Roosevelt Airfield was established in 1916 in Garden City, Nassau County. From this airport, Charles Lindbergh took off on his historic 1927 nonstop Orteig Prize flight from New York to Paris, France.  Roosevelt Airfield was closed in 1951.  Its land was redeveloped for commercial uses, including a shopping mall, Hofstra University, and numerous mid-density housing developments.

Long Island was also the location of major historic aerospace companies. Farmingdale-based Republic Aviation, for instance, manufactured the famed P-47 fighter aircraft during the World War II period. Grumman Aircraft, with operations in Bethpage and Calverton, produced the F-14 U.S. Navy fighter during the 1970s and 1980s.  It was also the chief contractor on the Apollo Lunar Module that landed men on the moon. They received the contract on 7 November 1962, and ultimately built 13 lunar modules (LMs). One is on display at the Cradle of Aviation Museum at the former Mitchel Air Force Base on the Hempstead Plains of Long Island.

Another important historic Long Island airport was Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn. Opened in 1931, it was New York City's first commercial airport.  It was the start point or terminus of historic flights by Amelia Earhart, Roscoe Turner, Wiley Post, and Howard Hughes. It was sold to the Navy shortly before World War II for use as a Naval Air Station.  In 1972, the Navy departed and the open space was transferred to the National Park Service as part of Gateway National Recreation Area.

Two of New York City's main airports, LaGuardia Airport which opened for commercial flights in 1939, and John F. Kennedy International Airport opened in 1948, are located on the geographic Island.  There have been more than ten major air disasters. The three following planes all crashed in either Nassau or Suffolk County: In 1965, Eastern Airlines Flight 663 crashed into Jones Beach State Park after take-off.  In 1990, Avianca Flight 52 crashed into Cove Neck, NY, killing 73 passengers.  In 1996, TWA Flight 800 exploded over water off the coast of the small hamlet of East Moriches.  Fatalities totaled 230 people in the disaster. A monument to those lost stands at Smith Point County Park on Fire Island in Suffolk County.

On July 25, 2012, Representative Carolyn McCarthy (NY-04), who represents part of Nassau County, introduced the Long Island Aviation History Act. The bill, H.R. 6201, requires the National Park Service to study various ways to commemorate and preserve Long Island's aviation history, including by designating parts of Long Island as National Historic Sites and National Historic Parks. The bill also requires the National Park Service to evaluate ways to enhance historical research, education, interpretation and public awareness of Long Island's aviation history.


2019 Derry City and Strabane District Council election

The 2019 election to the Derry City and Strabane District Council, part of the Northern Ireland local elections on 2 May 2019, returned 40 members to the council via Single Transferable Vote.

Results by party

Council composition
Following the previous election in 2014, the composition of the council was:

After the election, the composition of the council was:

I - Independent
A - Aontú

Results by electoral area

Ballyarnett

2014: 3 x Sinn Fein, 2 x SDLP, 1 x Independent
2019: 3 x SDLP, 2 x Sinn Fein, 1 x Aontú
2014-2019 Change: SDLP and Aontú gain one seat each from Sinn Fein and Independent

Derg

2014: 3 x Sinn Fein, 1 x DUP, 1 x UUP
2019: 2 x Sinn Fein, 1 x DUP, 1 x UUP, 1 x SDLP
2014-2019 Change: SDLP gain one seat from Sinn Fein

Faughan

2014: 2 x DUP, 2 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Fein
2019: 2 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Fein, 1 x Alliance
2014-2019 Change: Alliance gain one seat from SDLP

Foyleside

2014: 2 x SDLP, 2 x Sinn Fein, 1 x Independent
2019: 2 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Fein, 1 x People Before Profit, 1 x Independent
2014-2019 Change: People Before Profit gain one seat from Sinn Fein

Sperrin

2014: 3 x Sinn Fein, 2 x DUP, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Independent
2019: 2 x Sinn Fein, 2 x DUP, 2 x Independent, 1 x SDLP
2014-2019 Change: Independent gain one seat from Sinn Fein

The Moor

2014: 3 x Sinn Féin, 1 x SDLP, 1 x Independent
2019: 2 x Sinn Féin, 1 x SDLP, 1 x People Before Profit, 1 x Independent
2014-2019 Change: People Before Profit gain one seat from Sinn Féin

Waterside

2014: 3 x DUP, 2 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Fein, 1 x UUP
2019: 2 x DUP, 2 x SDLP, 1 x Sinn Fein, 1 x UUP, 1 x Alliance
2014-2019 Change: Alliance gain one seat from DUP


Mohamed Ayoub Ferjani

Mohamed Ayoub Ferjani (born July 27, 1986) is a male foil fencer from Tunisia, African champion in 2013 and 2015. He is the elder brother of sabre fencer Fares Ferjani.

Ferjani almost never takes part in Fencing World Cup competitions, but participates in continental championships in both foil and épée. His first significant result was a double bronze medal in épée and foil at the 2007 All-Africa Games in Algiers. He stopped fencing épée in international competitions in 2012. He qualified to represent his country in men's foil at the 2016 Summer Olympics. He will compete in Rio de Janeiro with his brother Fares, who qualified in men's sabre.

Ferjani teaches fencing in Trappes and Montigny-le-Bretonneux, in the vicinity of Paris. He is also an international referee for foil and was named the second best referee in this weapon in 2012, 2013 and 2014.


Milford Writer's Workshop

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| location     =  Milford, Pennsylvania, United States (before 1972) Various locations, United Kingdom (since 1972)
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The Milford Writer's Workshop, or more properly Milford Writers' Conference', is an annual science fiction writer's event founded by Damon Knight, among others, in the mid-1950s, in Milford, Pennsylvania. It was so named because Knight, Judith Merril, and James Blish lived in Milford, Pennsylvania when it was founded. It moved to the United Kingdom in 1972 and has run successfully ever since on an annual basis.

Description
Judith Merril, James Blish, and Damon Knight founded the Milford Writer's Conference in 1956. It is both a residential workshop and a writers' conference in which published science fiction writers convene over the course of a week to intensively critique stories and samples from novels (usually works in progress) and to workshop ideas on all aspects of SF writing. It is a peer-to-peer conference with no teachers or students.

Milford and related entities like Science Fiction Forum'' presaged the creation of the Science Fiction Writers of America in 1965 and that decade's New Wave movement. In 1972, Blish set up the United Kingdom Milford SF Writers' Conference, which initially met in Milford on Sea, Hampshire. Since then it has been held in various locations, latterly Devon until 2001, York in 2002 and 2003, and (since 2004) at Trigonos Conference Centre in North Wales, usually in mid September.

Honorary committee
An honorary committee is elected annually at the AGM held during the Milford week. The 2015 committee (elected 2014) comprised: Sue Thomason (Chair), Liz Williams (Secretary), Tina Anghelatos (Treasurer), Jacey Bedford (Vice-Chair, Website and Mailing Lists), Kari Sperring, and Karen Williams. Committee members are listed on the workshop's official web site.

Participants
Participants must have sold at least one science fiction story to qualify for attendance, and relative newcomers to publication are welcomed, though participants often have multiple novel and/or short story sales to their credit. Qualification details are quoted on the workshop's official website.

Workshop participants in the United States (pre-1972) included:

 James Blish
 Anthony Boucher
 John Brunner
 Dorris Pitkin Buck
 Algis Budrys
 Jack Dann
 Avram Davidson
 Lester Del Rey
 Samuel R. Delany
 Tom Disch
 Gardner Dozois
 George Alec Effinger
 Harlan Ellison
 Carol Emshwiller
 Ed Emshwiller
 Harry Harrison
 Gustav Hasford
 Cyril Kornbluth
 Keith Laumer
 Ursula K. Le Guin
 Katherine MacLean
 Anne McCaffrey
 Richard McKenna
 Judith Merril
 Frederik Pohl
 Jane Roberts
 Joanna Russ
 James Sallis
 Robert Silverberg
 Ted Sturgeon
 Kurt Vonnegut
 Gene Wolfe

Milford is the model for other peer-to-peer science fiction writer workshops, including the Turkey City Writer's Workshop, the Clarion Workshop and the Clarion West Writers Workshop.

Participants in the UK (in 1972 and afterward) have included:

 Tom Arden
 John Brunner
 John Clute
 Jaine Fenn
 Neil Gaiman
 Mary Gentle
 John Grant
 Colin Greenland
 Ben Jeapes
 Diana Wynne Jones
 Gwyneth Jones
 David Langford
 George R. R. Martin
 Anne McCaffrey
 Naomi Mitchison
 Alastair Reynolds
 Kari Sperring
 Bruce Sterling
 Charles Stross
 Karen Traviss
 Liz Williams
 Patricia Wrede

A full list of former Milford participants is listed on the workshop's official website.

Milford rules
Manuscripts are distributed beforehand. Everyone reads, critiques, and prepares before the formal workshop begins. Etiquette precludes participants from discussing the manuscripts beforehand either with the author or other members of the critique group. The participants sit round in a circle. The author whose work is being critiqued has to sit in silence through the first part in which each participant in turn is allowed an uninterrupted four minutes (timed) to deliver their critique. Then the author gets an uninterrupted right to reply. Following that a general discussion ensues. Constructive criticism is strongly encouraged. In the last few years it has become accepted for the critiqued manuscripts to be given back to the author complete with notes.

The so-called "Milford method" has been adopted by several writers' groups, including the Glasgow Science Fiction Writers Circle.


Mariyam Shakeela (politician)

Mariyam Shakeela is a Maldivian physician, businesswoman, and former government Minister for Health and Family and the Minister of Environment and Energy.

Biography
Mariyam Shakeela was appointed the Minister of Environment and Energy in May 2012 by President Mohamed Waheed Hassan. She got into a minor diplomatic spat with Canadian Foreign Affairs Minister John Baird after she took a picture of him meeting Maldivian dissidents outside the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group in New York when she was the acting Foreign Minister of Maldives in 2013. After that she was made the Minister for Health and Family in November 2013. She accused him of being biased against Maldives. During when she was in office as the Health Minister there were a series of scandals including the death of a soldier in a hospital, transfused HIV positive blood, and the interruption of a caesarean. The scandals led to calls for her resignation. She was removed from office. She said the reason for removal from the Ministry was a conspiracy by people involved with corruption in the healthcare sector of Maldives. She also reported receiving multiple death threats. She is a shareholder of SIMDI Group of companies and its Chief Executive Officer. She wrote a book of poetry called Hope Beyond Shadows of Pain.


WSBA (AM)

WSBA (910 AM, "NewsTalk 93.9 & 910 WSBA") is a commercial AM radio station licensed to serve York, Pennsylvania. The station is owned by Cumulus Media Inc. through licensee Radio License Holding SRC, LLC and broadcasts a news/talk format.

WSBA programming is simulcast on the HD2 subchannel of sister station WSOX and on FM translator W230CQ.

History

An article in the Gazette and Daily July 24, 1942  headed "Will Occupy New Radio Station Monday" quotes the Station Manager Robert L. Kauffman as saying the station will go on the air sometime in the late summer. Otis Morse will be the Program Director and Willis Weaver will be the chief engineer. A terse advertisement in The Gazette and Daily August 26, 1942 (Page 2 bottom of Column 1), simply said, "On the air soon - 900 the mid-point on your dial." This ad was repeated on August 27, 1944. and on August 28 and August 29.

The announcement of opening on September 1, 1942 came in The Gazette and Daily on August 31, 1942.

The September 1, 1942 Gazette and Daily Page 2 article announced, 'WSBA On the Air Today'. It may be well to note for readers that this was a morning paper that was on the street usually by 3 AM. The station opened its service to the community with a prayer by the Rev. Paul E. V. Shannon of the first United Brethren Church. The York Mayor Harry B. Anstine read his Heroes day proclamation. Much of the programming reflected that the nation was nearing the end of the first year of World War II.

The station had a 240-foot antenna and a 1000 watt transmitter. An advertisement on page 3 that day called WSBA "York's own radio station."

The station currently has the transmitter and a four tower antenna system located on Susquehanna Trail York PA. The towers are at  elevation with a height of . Their tops are  above sea level.

WSBA-AM was first on the air in September 1942. WHP (AM) in Harrisburg, PA which first aired in 1925 predates it by 17 years. WLXW now WHYL in Carlisle, PA was first on the air in 1948, six years after WSBA (AM) and WGET in Gettysburg, PA first aired August 27, 1950. WHVR AM in Hanover, PA went into operation on January 2, 1949 on 1280 kHz with a power of 1000 watts.

Other stations in York in the 1950-1970 period included WORK-AM which was older music and WNOW-FM and WNOW (AM) which was mainly country.

WSBA-AM moved from 900 to 910 kHz in October 1949. It still continued to be listed in radio listings as the old frequency 900 kHz through the middle 50s when the Gazette and Daily discontinued the radio listings. The only references I can locate to the 910 is the  October 24, 1949 advertisement in the Gazette announcing that the station was going to full-time. To do that the frequency had to change. This is confirmed and discussed in more detail in the Publication, Susquehanna First 50 Years by Phillip K. Eberly.

During the 1950-1980 period WSBA AM was the information station. Ed Wickenheiser was one of the newscasters in the earliest reporting of the TMI incident in 1979 and is cited in the book TMI by investigative reporter Mark Lane.

During Hurricane Agnes and Eloise, snowstorms and the like, WSBA was the go to station for information. When disasters hit, regular programming stopped.

During the late 50s and early 60s, the station did a rundown of the top 40 on Saturday afternoon.

Ralph Lockwood was a long term morning host during that period and had a fictional sidekick Luscious Laverne. Ed Lincoln was another personality at that time who had a feature, the hit of the week which was played every night on his program. That was available in Sol Kessler's Hi Fi Shop for $.59 during that week. This is noted in an AD in The Gazette and Daily April 26, 1957

In addition to pioneering in AM Radio the WSBA team was interested in improvement. On November 21, 1947 Otis Morse IV  spoke to the York Exchange club about frequency modulation (FM) radio. This was pioneered by Edwin Howard Armstrong, one of the early pioneers and inventors of radio. WSBA-FM first appears in a programming guide on February 28, 1949 in the Hanover Sun at 103.3.

The efforts of WSBA personnel to enhance the community is seen in an article in a January 7, 1950 article in The York Gazette and Daily  advertising a seminar that was being presented - Otis Morse from WSBA and others from WNOW-AM, WORK-AM, and WRZE-FM 98.3 (Per radio listing The Evening Sun May 12, 1953)  were participating.

During the 1960s and 1970s, WSBA was a leading Top 40 music station in the Harrisburg-York-Lancaster area; it was also the flagship station of Susquehanna Radio's Top 40 stations (which also included WHLO, WARM, and WICE).

On October 31, 2005, Cumulus Media announced the creation of a new private partnership, Cumulus Media Partners, LLC, formed with Bain Capital, The Blackstone Group and Thomas H. Lee Partners, to purchase Susquehanna Radio Corporation for approximately $1.2 billion. The purchase was completed on May 5, 2006, at which time the license for WSBA was transferred to Radio License Holding SRC, LLC., a licensee of Cumulus Media Partners Susquehanna Corporation.

On July 20, 2017, translator W253AC (now W230CQ), licensed to serve York, began simulcasting WSBA programming.

Translator
WSBA programming is simulcast on the following translator:


Banul Mărăcine

Banul Mărăcine or Mărăcină (Romanian for "The Ban Bramble"), common rendition of Barbu III Craiovescu, Barbu Mărăcine or Barbu Basarab (, ; ? – August 1?, 1565), was a historical figure in Wallachia, who claimed the title of Prince. He was one of several Craiovești pretenders to the throne, a category which also included his father, Preda Craiovescu. Mărăcine himself entered historical record in 1532, when, as an opponent of Prince Vlad VI, he had his estate confiscated. He returned to favor later that year, with the crowning of Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina. Like Preda before him, Mărăcine served as Ban of Oltenia, becoming the last of his family to hold that title. According to various accounts, he turned against his new lord, from organizing armed resistance in Oltenia to involving himself in Vlad Vintilă's assassination. He was able to maintain his position following the crowning of Radu Paisie, but was eventually toppled by the latter in mid 1535.

Mărăcine's own bid for the throne was embraced by some factions of the local boyardom, who took up arms against Paisie in 1536. Since the Craiovești claim contradicted the standards of Wallachian customary law, Mărăcine depicted himself as a son of Neagoe Basarab; he was perhaps Neagoe's nephew. The resulting civil war allegedly involved a hand-to-hand duel between the two rivals, and also saw Paisie's mutilation by the rebels. Barbu probably seized the Wallachian throne with Ottoman acquiescence, before being driven out by the returning Paisie later in 1536. Various records suggest that he lived in exile with his son Nicolaus Bassaraba, and that both of them continued to claim the throne. Barbu was ultimately killed in Istanbul, having encountered the wrath of Suleiman the Magnificent; Nicolaus escaped punishment and fled to the Spanish Empire, but still styled himself a Prince. His male descendants continued to be involved in intrigues in both Wallachia and Moldavia, down to the 1650s.

Mărăcine's memory survived in Romanian folklore, which identifies him as the patron of various places around Dolj County. A modern legend also claimed him, anachronistically, as the ancestor of French Renaissance poet Pierre de Ronsard. This invented tradition probably found its first complete form in an eponymous ballad by Vasile Alecsandri, published in the 1850s. It later also inspired prose by, among others, N. D. Popescu-Popnedea, and verse drama by V. A. Urechia. Mărăcine's name and his legendary career remain associated with a dance routine and a variety of Romanian wine.

Biography

Origins and early causes
A tributary of the Ottoman Empire from 1417, Wallachia was frequently troubled by civil wars, with various branches of the House of Basarab fighting each other for the throne. Mărăcine's birth coincided with the political advent of his family, the Craiovești, which claimed descent from the Drăculești Basarabs, through Prince Neagoe Basarab. The latter's own dynastic claim was doubtful, and, as various historians note, relied on him being recognized as the natural son of Basarab IV Țepeluș. A competing hypothesis is that Neagoe's mother and Țepeluș's wife, Negea, was in fact a Craiovești by birth. Historian Ion Donat also notes that the Craiovești and Brâncoveni were related to the Basarabs not only through Neagoe, but also through a 1450s Prince, Vladislav II.

Beyond this dispute, it is likely that Neagoe and all other Craiovești descended from one Vlacsan Florev, which made them relatives of three other kingmaking boyar families: the Florescus, the Buzești, and the Drăgoești. According to standard interpretations, Neagoe's official father was the Vornic Pârvu Craiovescu; Pârvu's daughter (and Mărăcine's presumed aunt) Marga was the matriarch of another Craiovești branch, centered on the estate of Brâncoveni. Mărăcine's father, the Ban Preda Craiovescu, was very likely Pârvu's son: historian N. Stoicescu provides sources that describe Preda as either Neagoe's cousin or brother. Another scholar, Radu Oprea, argues that the Prince and Ban were indisputably brothers.

Neagoe was succeeded in 1521 by his son Teodosie. Preda Craiovescu, who fashioned himself a regent, died the same year, in battle against Teodosie's enemy, Vlad Dragomir Călugărul. All the main Drăculești lines were probably extinguished with the deaths of Princes Teodosie and Moise; the Craiovești took over their claim, even though this broke the laws of succession: their only probable link to the Drăculești was maternal. Between 1530 and 1532, the family split into rival camps, with some supporting Vlad VI and others conspiring to have him removed. In late 1530, another member of the family, Drăghici Gogoașă, passed himself off as Neagoe's son, rather than his cousin, in an effort to usurp Vlad VI. His forgery sparked the wrath of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent, who oversaw his hanging at Istanbul.

As noted by scholar Constantin Rezachevici, historians were prone to identify Drăghici and Mărăcine as one and the same person, until documents discovered in 1976 proved them wrong. The actual Mărăcine, or Barbu III Craiovescu, also appears to have been entangled in the conspiracy to topple Vlad VI, but, according to Oprea, only from March 1532. A writ of the period notes that the estates of "Jupan Barbul and Preda the Ban" were confiscated by the Prince, then assigned to Mărăcine's loyalist nephew, Hamza of Obislav. Mărăcine reached prominence following Vlad VI's accidental drowning, when Vlad Vintilă de la Slatina took over as Prince. The new monarch confirmed him as Ban of Oltenia on March 17, 1534, some three months after Hamza had been removed from that position. Like his father, Mărăcine probably established his regional court southwest of Craiova, in his family's fortified church, and built primitive defenses along the Jiu River.

By then, the political landscape of Wallachia had been complicated further, with Vlad Vintilă and some of the boyars remaining loyal to the Ottomans, while others began hatching plots to align the country with the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary, which was fighting the Little War. A contemporary report by Alvise Gritti alleges that Barbu, on surface a pro-Ottoman, also sided with the Hungarians. This text suggests that "Barbul Ban" was removed from office, but still withdrew to Craiova; in retaliation, Oltenia was invaded by loyalists from Buzău County. These were supposed to exercise terror in Vlad Vintilă's name, but also to help the Prince in preparing his own anti-Ottoman uprising.

According to medievalist Irina F. Cîrstina, Gritti's account should be disregarded as entirely spurious. Nevertheless, other scholars also highlight the mounting conflict between the Prince and the Ban. Valentin Gheonea attributes Vlad Vintilă's assassination in June 1535 specifically to the Craiovești boyars. "The most powerful group at the time", they became "annoyed by the prince's exceedingly authoritarian manner". This is also proposed by Claudiu Neagoe. Unlike Gritti, he describes Mărăcine and the Craiovești as Ottoman loyalists who resented Vlad Vintilă's push for emancipation. He also notes that Barbu organized the hunting trip which created an opportunity for assassination. This account originates with Macarious Zaim, who claims that the boyars killed the Prince before he could kill them, and locates these events in Craiova.

1536 uprising and exile
The new ruler was a former monk, Radu Paisie, alleged son of Radu the Great. Though appointed by a boyar consensus, he soon had conflicts with the more prominent families. Barbu III was last mentioned as Ban on July 30, 1535, stripped of his office by August, and ultimately replaced with Șerban of Izvorani. According to Oprea, the demotion "probably occurred after August 9". Now established as a dissenter, Mărăcine also stated a claim to the throne, taking up the family tradition. This also implied falsifying his lineage and describing himself as Neagoe's son, rather than nephew.

Paisie was subsequently faced with a boyar rebellion, which may have ended with his dethronement. As noted by Gheonea, Paisie's ouster may be verified by the absence of writs issued in his name at any point between August and December 1536, and again between August and October 1537. This is corroborated by the writings of Nicolaus Olahus. Olahus claims that Paisie and the rebel leader, who may have been Barbu III, fought a duel in front of their boyar armies; the latter was defeated and captured, but his partisans freed him from prison, then assailed Paisie, mutilated him, and sent him into exile. Rezachevici and other historians believe that the episode was a Craiovești ascendancy, and that Mărăcine was the actual Prince of Wallachia between February and April 1536. As Rezachevici notes (based on the account in Olahus), Mărăcine was, at least in the beginning, supported by Sultan Suleiman and the Ottoman Army. Also backing him were Tudor of Drăgoești, the country's Logothete, and Ban Toma of Pietroșani. Both were swiftly executed by Paisie, who retook his crown with assistance from the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom.

Traditional historiography held that Barbu died childless, and was therefore the last notable member of his family. Rezachevici argues against this interpretation, noting that it is only true in the sense that no other Craiovești served as Bans. Rezachevici proposes that Mărăcine may have traveled through Europe before moving to Istanbul with his wife, his unnamed daughter, and a son, Nicolaus Bassaraba. The latter was also identified as Mărăcine's son by genealogist G. D. Florescu. Other records may suggest that Mărăcine also continued to involve himself in intrigues, both in Wallachia and, with time, in neighboring Moldavia. In July 1536, Božidar Vuković "della Vecchia", who spied on behalf of the Holy Roman Empire, noted that an unnamed "king of Wallachia", present in Istanbul, had signed up to the project of anti-Ottoman rebellion. Rezachevici believes that this was "very probably Barbu himself", while Gheonea reads it as a reference to Paisie and his secretive anti-Ottoman agenda. Several historians believe that, in 1563, Nicolaus conspired with Moldavia's Prince, Iacob Heraclid, to take over as a Wallachian vassal. The primary source which provides evidence for this refers to Heraclid's associate as the "son of Basarab". According to Claudiu Neagoe, "Nicolae Basarab, son of Barbu Craiovescu" was to be installed as puppet ruler following Hercalid's defeat of Peter the Younger. This plan was vetoed by Suleiman, and abandoned as Heraclid withdrew to Moldavia.

Rezachevici also argues that Nicolaus Bassaraba remains the relevant source for Mărăcine's later life and death. Nicolaus claimed that "my father Barbulus Bassaraba" was strangled in 1565, on the orders of Sultan Suleiman, after engaging in a conspiracy. He himself escaped a similar fate by fleeing to Hospitaller Malta, and then fought for the Spanish Empire as a mercenary. A German diplomatic letter of August 15, 1565 seemingly backs this account, noting that on August 1 a "former despot of Wallachia" had been decapitated, then thrown into the Sea of Marmara. As noted by Rezachevici, the source "could only refer to Barbu III Craiovescu".

Legacy

Early posterity

Although much of the family was expunged from Wallachia, its matrilineal descendants continued to claim and hold high offices at the court of successive Princes. Still living in Wallachia, Mărăcine's aunt Marga was the mother of two sons, Vâlsan and Matei. She sold her estate Bistreț to Paisie, as a means to free both brothers from Ottoman slavery. Armaș Detco of Brâncoveni, who was Marga's in-law and possibly also more directly related to the clan, remained loyal to Paisie and received many of the old Craiovești estates. Despite their conflict with Paisie, both Vâlsan and Matei were forced into exile by his rival and successor, Mircea Ciobanul.

From his own exile, Nicolaus Bassaraba pleaded with the crowned heads of Western Europe to help him obtain the Wallachian crown, and also canvassed financial support. Though he never occupied the throne, in 1569, at Segovia, he created his sponsor, Hans Heher, a "Marquess of Ialomița". He disappeared from records in 1574. One hypothesis in the community of historians argues that Nicolaus was the father of Cremonese Basarab, who in November 1599 tried to replace Nicolae Pătrașcu as Wallachian Prince, with Ottoman backing. Another theory, advanced by historian Cristian Luca, identifies Cremonese as the natural father of a daughter, born before 1574, and the adoptive father of two other girls, whose real father was the Veneto-Cypriote Carlo Cornelio Zamberlan. According to this reading, Cremonese married Zamberlan's widow, Franceschina Ghisi. Based on this identification, Mărăcine's grandson converted to Catholicism in the 1580s, but was rebuked by Pope Sixtus V for keeping "four wives".

Cremonese's only son was probably born to Franceschina, and styled himself Neagu vodă Basarab; he may have been Barbu III's last direct descendant. Unlike his ancestors, Neagu set his sights on obtaining the throne of Moldavia. The other surviving Craiovești line briefly took the Wallachian throne in 1603, with Radu Șerban, widely seen as the second reigning member of the house, after Neagoe. In the 1630s, another collateral line of the Craiovești, claiming descent from Marga and Detco, took over with Matei Basarab seizing the throne. In the years after his coronation, and leading up to the battle of Finta, Matei backed Neagu's Moldavian project. According to Luca, Neagu never got to see either Wallachia or Moldavia, instead spending his entire life in Istanbul.

With time, Banul Mărăcine became a character in Romanian folklore, the hero of several Oltenian legends. The first one of these, preserved by the peasants of Dolj County, was written down in 1830. These stories establish strong links between Mărăcine, described as Prince of Wallachia, and various landmarks in and around Coșoveni, and along Bănesele River; some also describe his burial site as Sadova Monastery, which may be the result of confusion between various Craiovești. Other oral traditions refer to his paramour, a boyaress from Ghindeni, and claim that Mărăcine had fathered several daughters. A folk song, known as Vlad Vodă Vintilă, apparently records Mărăcine's involvement in the regicide of 1535.

Mărăcine as a Ronsard

Birth of the myth
The Ban is also the inspiration for a romantic myth involving the French poet Pierre de Ronsard. In his Elégie XX, first published in 1554, Ronsard imagined himself as the heir of a "Thracian" marquess. The pedigree, described as a "joke" by the erudite Alexandru Odobescu, contradicts another poem by Ronsard, where he fashions himself as being de nation germain ("of the German nation"). It also clashes with a 1586 oration by Jacques Davy Duperron, which depicts Ronsards as Moravians. In 1844, the "Thracian" account was picked up by historian Jean Alexandre Vaillant, who argued that it was entirely based in fact, and who suggested that Ronsard meant to say he was Wallachian. This then inspired a Moldavian-born poet, Vasile Alecsandri, who identified Ronsard's legendary ancestor with Mărăcine, ignoring that Ronsard himself was born in 1524. He recorded his reading into an eponymous ballad, localized in the 14th century but otherwise heavily indebted to the Oltenian tradition about the 16th-century Ban.

Moreover, Alecsandri claimed that the story of Mărăcine's career in the Kingdom of France had been found in his folkloric source. Philologist Alexandru Ciorănescu, who doubts that Mărăcine even existed, sees the work as a sample of Alecsandri inventing tradition, as he had already done elsewhere. It remains "the strangest of all the so-called popular ballads of Alecsandri", in that "it enacts a false tradition that is not even R[o]manian". This is also noted by scholar Ion Donat, according to whom Alecsandri's Mărăcine was "substantially different" from the folkloric character. Donat, who established the connection between Mărăcine as a folkloric character and the historical Barbu III, also noted that "the local tradition of Dolj proved closer to reality than Ronsard's poetic whim."

In addition to picking up ideas from Vaillant, Alecsandri may have been inspired by the writer Gheorghe Asachi, who endorsed a version of the legend which identified Ronsard's ancestor with a "Romanian knight". Asachi believed that this figure was active ca. 1345, leading troops into battle in the Hundred Years' War. Published in French by Abdolonyme Ubicini (1855), Alecsandri's poem also functioned as propaganda, canvassing French support for the United Principalities. Over the following decades, it inspired other literary works, including an 1874 novella by N. D. Popescu-Popnedea and an 1878 historical drama, in verse, by V. A. Urechia. The latter premiered at the National Theater Bucharest for the benefit of Alsace-Lorraine refugees. By 1899, when recorded by critic George Ionescu-Gion, the story had it that a "Baldovin Mărăcine" had settled in France ca. 1320, before the very foundation of Wallachia, becoming Baudouin de Ronsard.

Ramifications
A competing hypothesis, suggested by the heraldist Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu, argued that Ronsard truly had Romanian ancestors, but that these came from Bârlad, in Moldavia. Alecsandri's modern legend was nevertheless accepted as factual by Ronsard experts Achille de Rochambeau and Prosper Blanchemain, and credited in an intertextual poem by Anna de Noailles. In 1911, the Frenchman Rouët de Ceresnes, inspired by the legend, rewrote it as a novel, titled Le Chevalier de Ronsard et le Ban Maratchine. By then, the story had been denounced by the Romanian critic Constantin Al. Ionescu-Caion as a sample of "chauvinistic" Romanian nationalism, carried only by "insufficient proof". Although again debunked by Romanist Henri Longnon in 1912, it was still being viewed as a reliable hypothesis by Léo Claretie, who revisited the topic shortly before his death in 1924. He and other authors believed that the Ban had died in France in 1341. Claretie also viewed Ronsard as a cultured version of the Wallachian Lăutari.

This was already being contrasted by other verdicts. A 1915 monograph by Alexandru Resmiriță showed that Alecsandri's derivation of Ronsard from ronce ("bramble", and therefore Mărăcine) was highly improbable. In 1927, researcher C. Radu concluded that Alecsandri had not only fabricated the story, but also his own genealogy, with an "obvious resemblance" between the two narratives: the fictitious Alecsandri patriarch was a Venetian knight. Historian Nicolae Iorga viewed Alecsandri's ballad a "youthful idiocy", although he concluded that Ronsard's claim to a "Thracian" origin was not entirely baseless. Similarly, scholar Mircea Eliade proposed that Ronsard, while unrelated to Mărăcine and Oltenia, could have taken his family name from the town of Râmnicu Sărat. In later decades, the myth was again revisited as a somewhat plausible account by scholars such as Frédéric Boyer (1965) and Elena Vulcănescu (2008)—the latter believes that Ronsard may have hailed from the Vlachs of Moravia.

In the 1920s, a popular dance evoking the Alecsandri legend, and named after Banul Mărăcine, was still being performed in Greater Romania. According to Ciorănescu, Alecsandri had managed to invent folklore: "this legend [of Banul Mărăcine] has become popular and is even sung and danced in certain rural circles." The myth still inspired Romanians to name things in honor of the Ban. "Banul Mărăcine" landmarks include a street in Timișoara, which took that name in the interwar years, and, as of 1965, a wine-producing region centered on Pielești. Here, a secondary myth emerged, describing Mărăcine's Oltenian grapes as the source of Burgundy wine. A short adventure novel, also based on the earlier legend, was penned in 1967 by Grigore Băjenaru for Editura Tineretului company.

Notes


Wilfred Wong Sien-bing

Wilfred Wong Sien-bing, CBE, JP (; 19 December 1910 – 28 June 1981) was a Shanghai-born Hong Kong businessman and public figure. He made his fortune as the executive director of the American Engineering Corporation and the General Motors (China) in Shanghai. He set up his business in air conditioning in Hong Kong in 1947 as the agent of the Carrier Corporation. He was appointed unofficial member of the Urban Council from 1960–68 and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong from 1965–74.

Early life and education

Wong was born on 19 December 1910 in Shanghai to a merchant family. His father, Wong Cho-ting (or Huang Zuoting), who died when he was eight years old, was the director of the overseas Chinese students in the United States. He was educated at the secondary school department of the St. John's University, Shanghai, a university closely associate with his family.

After he graduated in 1927, he was sent abroad to Canada and studied at the University of Toronto. He was a football player and athletic during his college years. He interned at the General Motors in Canada during his summer holidays where his cousin was working, who was also mentor of Edward Stettinius, Jr., the vice-president of the company.

After Wong graduated from the university in 1931 with a bachelor's degree, he joined the General Motors at its headquarters in Detroit, Michigan, working at the engineering research department. He was later transferred to the Frigidaire refrigerator factory of the General Motors in Dayton, Ohio. He was also member of the Chinese Institution of Engineers and the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers.

Shanghai life

Business and public career
Wong returned to the Shanghai and worked as engineer at the American Engineering Corporation, the agent of Frigidaire in Shanghai. He was promoted to the manager in 1934, vice-president in 1938 and executive director in 1940, when he was 30-year of age. He was the director of the company until the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941. He was also executive director of the General Motors (China) Limited from late 1936 until the Communist takeover of China in 1949.

As the nephew of Francis Lister Hawks Pott, Wong was appointed director of the Shanghai Municipal Council in 1939, until the fall of Shanghai in 1941. He was also director of the St. Elizabeth Hospital and the St. Luke Hospital, as well as Chinese YMCA of Shanghai. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Shanghai except for the International Settlement was fallen into Japanese hand. Wong voluntarily helped the injured Chinese soldiers and liaison with the Chinese government in Chungking.

Kidnapping
In October 1940, his colleague, Sarcey T. Chen, vice-president of the American Engineering Corporation and president of the Shanghai Y's Men's Club, was taken away by the Wang Ching-wei government and executed after his Wang Ching-wei assassination plan was found out.

When it was time the Wang government agents were kidnapping many high-profile businessmen, Wong himself was kidnapped by four armed after a week on 12 October on Hart Road in front of his residence, witnessed by his brother. His family was asked for 5 million dollars cash. When he was released after 24 days, he lost twelve pounds and some of his hair. Wong wrote a book, The Black Hole of Shanghai about his kidnapping experience. He also wrote a semi-autographical fiction, The Mental Autobiography of Bill Lee. He changed his life view after the imprisonment, and became more active in charity works.

During the Japanese occupation, he was called or detained at the military police barrack for five times, two times at the Kinnear Road Barrack, two times at the Avenue Petain and one time at the Race Club Road.

Wong became the largest shareholder of the American Engineering Corporation after the deaths of Sarcey T. Chen and Roscoe L. Hambleton, company founder who joined the construction of Burma Road and was later killed in the Burma Campaign in August 1942. The other two shareholders, American broker Chester M. Wentworth and lawyer Paul Kops were interned after the fall of Shanghai.

He was the director of the Tung Wai Company, which imported coal, sugar and syrup, from 1939 to 1947, as well as the Zeus Chemical Pharmaceutical Factory, which produced sulfonamides, ointment and calcium, and the Parker Brewery Limited which made date wine. He had also properties in Bubbling Well Road. He joined the board of the St. John's University after President William Z. L. Sung, who was interned before, left for the United States after the war.

Move to Hong Kong

Business career

Seeing the looming future of China in 1947, Wong moved to Hong Kong and set up a branch in the colony. At the time the Dodwell & Co. had become the agent of the Frigidaire refrigerators in Hong Kong, he had to take the less popular brand Crosley. After two years, his company became the agent of the Frigidaire. In November 1948, he took his family to Hong Kong.

His company received great success after it became the agent of the Carrier air conditioners. Wong's first contract was with an Indian restaurant and his first construction work was the Oriental Theatre on Fleming Road. He got the contract with King's Theatre subsequently. Besides all the air conditioners of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. properties were taken by the Jardine Engineering, agent of the York, most of the other air conditioning constructions at the time were done by Carrier, including Hotel President, Realty House, Dragon Seed, as well as Hong Kong Spinners and Central Textiles owned by Shanghainese industrialists. The notable exception was the five million dollars contract of the Mandarin Oriental in the early 60s, in which the Jardine taipans went for the better-quality Carrier. Wong also expanded his business in Okinawa, when island was governed by the US military.

In the 1970s, Wong faced competitions from the Japanese capitals such as Daikin and Mitsubishi. In 1978 when the gross revenue of his company had reached 100 million Hong Kong dollars, Wong decided to sell his shares and those of his deputy Edwin Tao Hsueh-chi and his son Wilfred Wong Yih-ming to the China Engineers of the Sime Darby.

Public services
Wong was also appointed to many public positions by the colonial government, including Board of Review, Renters' Advisory Committee, Advisory Committee Against Narcotics and Works Committee. In 1960, he was an appointed to the Urban Council of Hong Kong along with Li Fook-shu and Fung Hon-chu. He served on the Urban Council until 1968.

From 1965 to 1974, he served in the Legislative Council as an unofficial member, succeeding retiring Kenneth Fung Ping-fan. During his service in the Legislative Council, he was vocal on the business and financial development of the colony. He was the only one of the twelve unofficial members to vote against a bill on tax raise in 1966. In 1967 during the Leftist riots, he was the only Chinese Legislative Council unofficial member commented on the riots, supporting the government's high-handed measures on the rioters, which was also agreed by Dhun Jehangir Ruttonjee and Kenneth Albert Watson, the two other non-Chinese members.

He voted for the construction of the Cross-Harbour Tunnel, in which the bill was passed with 8 for 7 against in 1969. In April 1973, he and other unofficial members including Woo Pak-chuen, Szeto Wai and James Wu Man-hon led a rebellion against the government over the Crown Leases Bill 1973 which was to renew the approximately 5,000 renewable lots in the New Territories, mostly in New Kowloon, north of Boundary Street) that were expiring on 30 June 1973 as they opposed the re-assessed Crown rents on renewable leases. Wong argued that "for Government to charge what the market can bear is wrong in principle and practice."

For his public services, he was made Justice of the Peace in 1961 and was awarded the Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1967. In 1974, he was made Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) with another Shanghainese mogul Run Run Shaw.

When the Hong Kong Anglican Church founded the Chung Chi College in 1950, his cousin James Pott became the vice-chancellor and Wong became the member of the college council in 1962. He was the chairman of the council from 1976 to 1981, at the time when the college had already been incorporated into the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He was also invited to become the founding chairman of the college council when his friends Mr and Mrs Henry Wu founded the Shue Yan College in 1971 and member of the council of the University of Hong Kong. He was also the chairman of the Hong Kong Red Cross in which he put efforts into promoting blood donation. He was also member of the Community Chest of Hong Kong, assistant commissioner of the Civil Aid Service and the president of the Rotary Club of Hong Kong.

Personal life and death
Wong became British national in 1937. He was an Anglican. He enjoyed jogging and jogged every day nearby his residence at No. 110 Repulse Bay Road and swam at the Repulse Bay. He also start practising Judo after he was 60 years old. He was the co-founder of the Hong Kong Country Club with his Legislative Council colleagues, estate developer Richard Charles Lee and Jardine taipan Hugh Barton and was its first chairman.

Born and raised in Shanghai, he spoke fluent Shanghainese but was not good at Cantonese. To excel in the speech, he started learning Cantonese with his secretary and granddaughter.

On 28 June 1981, Wong died of a sudden heart attack when he was watching TV at home, aged 70. He married Looming How (1911–1999), the founder of the Commercial Press. He was survived by his son Wilfred Wong Yih-ming, born in 1935 and a daughter.


Natuna Sea

The Natuna Sea () is an extensive shallow sea located around Natuna Regency extended south to Lingga and Tambelan Archipelago in the Riau Islands province, further south of Bangka Belitung Islands, Indonesia. Most of the sea is located within Indonesian territorial waters, and geologically is the part of Sunda Shelf. This sea is bordering South China Sea to the north and northeast, Karimata Strait to the southeast, and Strait of Singapore to the west.

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), in its Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition (1953), does not list a Natuna Sea. Instead, the area encompassed by the Natuna Sea is considered the southern portion of the South China Sea. The 1986 draft of the IHO's Limits of Oceans and Seas proposed the Natuna Sea, which extends south from the Natuna and Anambas Islands to the Belitung Islands. However, the 1986 draft edition was never approved.

Extent
The chains of Anambas and Natuna Islands created arch that connects southeastern tip of Malay peninsula to western tip of Borneo. This creates the northern boundary of Natuna Sea. While on the south, the southeast coast of Sumatra, the Lingga Islands, Bangka and Belitung islands creates its southern boundary and its opening to Karimata Strait and Java Sea.

Geography
Just like South China Sea, Natuna Sea is a marginal part of Pacific.
Natuna sea contains numbers of archipelagos, including:
 Natuna Islands in Natuna Regency
 Greater Natuna Archipelago in Natuna Regency
 South Natuna Archipelago in Natuna Regency
 Anambas Archipelago in Anambas Islands Regency
 Lingga Archipelago in Lingga Regency
 Tambelan Archipelago in Bintan Regency
 Riau Archipelago
All of these archipelagos are administrated within Riau Islands province.

North Natuna Sea

In July 2017, Indonesia renamed the northern reaches of its exclusive economic zone in the South China Sea as the "North Natuna Sea", which is located north of the Indonesian Natuna Regency, bordering southern Vietnam's exclusive economic zone. The North Natuna Sea is located between the Natuna Islands and Cape Cà Mau on the southern tip of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam.


The Scarlet Brotherhood

The Scarlet Brotherhood is a regional sourcebook for the Greyhawk campaign setting for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game.

Contents
The Scarlet Brotherhood detailed the Scarlet Brotherhood lands, the Tilvanot Peninsula, Hepmonaland, and the Amedio Jungle.

The sourcebook was notable for being the first source on the Olman people since The Hidden Shrine of Tamoachan and for detailing many new nations and realms south of the Flanaess for the first time. The Touv people and their pantheon were invented for this book. Several new monsters, including the Bredthrall, and many new plants and flora were created for this book as well.

Publication history
The sourcebook was written by Sean K. Reynolds, and published by TSR in 1999 for 2nd edition Advanced Dungeons & Dragons.

Reception


Lindesmith Center

The Lindesmith Center was an Open Society Institute project which has conducted research related to drug reform. It was founded in 1994 by Ethan Nadelmann with financial support from George Soros. The Center conducted some NIDA-funded studies on harm reduction.

In 2000, the Center and the Drug Policy Foundation were merged into the Drug Policy Alliance, with the Center being renamed 'The Lindesmith Library.' The Drug Policy Foundation was a non-profit organization whose focus was public policy, advocating for harm reduction, sentencing reform for non-violent drug offenses, and the legal access to medical marijuana. Through the Drug Policy Alliance, the Lindesmith Library continues to distribute materials to community organizations seeking science-based information about drug use and misuse.

More than 15,000 documents and videos are freely available online through the website of the Drug Policy Alliance.

The name 'Lindesmith' refers to Alfred R. Lindesmith (1905-1991), a professor of sociology at Indiana University, who was a prolific writer on drug use and policy.


Lachesilla pacifica

Lachesilla pacifica is a species of Psocoptera from Lachesillidae family that can be found in France and Switzerland.


Cajacay District

Cajacay District is one of fifteen districts of the Bolognesi Province in Peru.

Geography
One of the highest peaks of the district is Kushuru Punta at approximately . Other mountains are listed below:


Hank Ritter

William Herbert "Hank" Ritter (October 12, 1893 – September 3, 1964) was a professional baseball pitcher. He played all or part of four seasons in Major League Baseball, between 1912 and 1916, for the Philadelphia Phillies and New York Giants.

Sources


Paiste

Paiste ( , ) is a Swiss-based Estonian musical instrument manufacturing company. It is the world's third largest manufacturer of cymbals, gongs, and metal percussion.  is an Estonian and Finnish word that means "shine".

Apart of cymbals and gongs, Paiste has also manufactured other percussion instruments such as crotal bells, finger cymbals and cowbells, currently discontinued.

History
The first Paiste cymbals were produced in 1906 by Estonian musician Toomas Paiste in his instrument repair shop in Saint Petersburg, Russia, to customer orders. Toomas had served in the Czarist Imperial Guard, and retired in 1901 to open a music publishing business and music shop.

The cymbal-making aspect of the  business expanded with the passing years, despite the disruption of several moves necessitated by war: first to Tallinn, Estonia in 1917, where Toomas' son Michail M. Paiste decided to concentrate on cymbal production and export. In 1940, the family and the cymbal-making operation moved to Poland, where they continued under extremely difficult conditions, and in 1945 to Germany. Finally, in 1957 a new headquarters and production facility was established in Switzerland. The business was continued by Michail's sons, Robert and Toomas (born Kurt), with both the Swiss and German operations as the main manufacturing centres. Since 2003, the company has been headed by Toomas' son, Erik.  Robert Paiste died in 2016, aged 84.

Innovations
Paiste has developed several innovations to cymbal design and manufacture. Among these are:

The Flat Ride. A ride cymbal without a cup or bell. Originally designated as Space Sound in the Formula 602 line. Designed with Joe Morello. Introduced in the 1960s.
The Sound Edge Hi-Hat. Introduced in 1967. To prevent airlock, the bottom cymbal of the hi-hat pair has ripples along the edge. Also applied to hand cymbal sets.
The use of B8 bronze as a cymbal alloy. Referred to by Paiste as "CuSn8" alloy or "2002 bronze". First introduced with the Stambul 65 series in 1965. Gained general acceptance with the Giant Beat and the 2002 series. Paiste was for a time the only major cymbal company to use the B8 alloy for its high-end lines, although Meinl has recently introduced a line of high-end cast B8 bronze cymbals as well. Zildjian and Sabian use this alloy primarily for entry-level lines, choosing instead to use bell bronze for high-end products.
 'Flat' bells.  With the introduction of the Sound Creation Short Crash in 1975, Paiste was the first to make use of a flattened bell design. Used today with the Crystal Hi-Hats and Crashes of the Signature series.
Unlathed cymbals. Introduced in 1980 as the RUDE series. Made from the B8 alloy unlathed cymbals were marketed towards louder music styles as punk and heavy metal.
Inverted bell on China cymbal. Introduced in 1983 as the 2002 NOVO china type. Makes it easier to play ride and crash on a China cymbal.
Coloured cymbals.  Introduced in 1984 .
Proprietary Signature Bronze. A patented cymbal alloy introduced in 1989 with the Signature line. According to the patent, this alloy consists of phosphor bronze with a 14.7% to 15.1% tin content by weight. It has been claimed by Paiste to be the first bronze alloy specifically developed for cymbals.
Sonic Texture Formula. Introduced in 2001 with the Innovations series. A patented lathing technique to get a more complex sounding cymbal.

Many of these innovations were used by other manufacturers when the applicable patents expired. For example, almost all of the larger modern cymbal companies offer a flat ride cymbal and an alternative to the Sound Edge Hi-Hat.

Products

Cymbals

Current series
Paiste makes several cymbal lines from several alloys. These include:

 101 - Cymbals made from brass alloy. They are manufactured entirely by computer. Introduced in 2005
 Paiste Sound Technology (PST) - these cymbals were developed from the phased-out 302, 402, 502, and 802 lines in 2005. They are known today as Paiste's budget cymbals
 PST 3 - Brass cymbals; beginner level. Introduced in 2005.
 PST 5 - B8 cymbals (CuSn8); student/intermediate level cymbals. Introduced in 2005 and redesigned in 2014.
 PST 7 - 2002 Bronze (CuSn8); intermediate level cymbals that focus on traditional sounds. Introduced in 2014.
 PST 8 - 2002 Bronze (CuSn8); intermediate level cymbals that combines traditional and machine hammering. Available in Reflector finish. Introduced in 2012.
 PST X - 2002 Bronze (CuSn8), brass and aluminium cymbals; intermediate level cymbals. Affordable effects cymbals focusing on 'Swiss' cutting techniques. Introduced in 2015.
 900 - Introduced in 2017, these B8 (CuSn8) cymbals are hand-hammered and feature a special dark finish. This series is also available in red, blue, purple and black COLORSOUND finishes.

 2002 - Introduced in 1971. Made of B8 (CuSn8) and is regarded by many as the first fully professional series made from this alloy. Available models were discontinued in late 1986 to early 1987 but reintroduced in 1988 due to popular demand. Over the years the model line has changed significantly. Many types were introduced and discontinued. From 1994 to 1999 it also incorporated the RUDE series (2002 RUDE). From 2005 to 2006 the 2002 line included many models from the defunct Dimensions series of cymbals, but most of the Dimensions models have since been discontinued from the series.
 2002 Big Beat - Introduced in 2016, this variation of the 2002s is darker and drier than the original series due to a different hammering. The series features 18", 19", 20", 21", 22" and 24" multi-purpose cymbals and 15" and 16" hi-hats.
 RUDE - the first unlathed cymbals in the series featuring a raw finish. They are made for loud and aggressive playing and the answer to genres like punk and metal. Crafted entirely by hand from unlathed B8 (CuSn8). Introduced in 1980. Incorporated from 1994 to 1999 in the 2002 line as 2002 RUDE. Reintroduced as RUDE in 1999. Paiste calls them "the original punk and metal sound"
 Giant Beat - Originally introduced in 1967 and discontinued in 1971, this series was reintroduced in 2005 as 18", 20", and 24" multi-purpose cymbals with 14" and 15" hi-hats. They share the same CuSn8 (B8) bronze as the 2002 series. In 2012, Paiste introduced 18" and 20" thin crashes for the series. In 2016, a 26" multi-purpose cymbal was introduced.
 Formula 602 - As of 2010, Paiste has relaunched the Formula 602 line of cymbals that was originally released in 1959. A prominent user of these is Vinnie Colaiuta.
 Formula 602 Modern Essentials - Introduced in January 2013 and developed in collaboration with Vinnie Colaiuta. Forged from the legendary «602 Bronze» (CuSn20), offering a complete new wide and dynamic sound dimension.  Available in 20" & 22" rides, 16", 18" & 20" crashes, 14" & 15" hi-hats, 18" & 22" chinas, 8" & 10" splashes.  Formula 602 Modern Essentials cymbals combine the essence of the Formula 602 Classic Sounds models – transparency and stick definition – with the richness, warmth, darkness and a bit of complexity of the Signature Traditionals series besides providing slightly more pizzazz than its Classic Sounds siblings.
 Signature - Introduced in 1989. First cymbals created with Paiste's Signature Bronze, featuring an array of different sounds and looks suitable for any playing style.
 Signature Dark Energy - Introduced in 2004. Made of Paiste Signature Bronze alloy. Paiste calls this line 'an elitist concept'. Mostly dark sounding cymbals.
 Signature Traditionals - Introduced in 1996. Recreate lost cymbal sounds from the blues, swing, cool jazz, bebop, and hard bop era of the 1940s to the 1960s. They are crafted from Paiste's proprietary "Signature Bronze" alloy.
 Masters Collection : Only ride cymbals were originally available. A series dedicated to jazz players with signature models (André Ceccarelli, John Robinson and others), made of traditional bronze alloy. Production started in 2010. In 2014 hats and crashes were added to the series.

Discontinued lines
Classic Paiste lines include:

 Noise Works - An experimental line containing cymbal stacks for trashy sounds and mini hats. Produced from 2002 to 2009.
302, 402, 502, 802 - popular budget level cymbals from 1993 to 2003. Were enhanced sonically in 1997 and received the plus-labeling and the addition of the 802. Discontinued in 2003 to make way for the new Paiste Sound Technology-, or PST-series.
101 series, different from current 101, - beginner level cymbals made of nickel silver, produced from 1974 to 1979. Then another Brass version. Discontinued In 2005 in favor of a newer version
 201 - Cymbals made from B8.  Introductory level cymbals. They are manufactured entirely by computer. Introduced in 2005 and discontinued in 2009.
404 series - beginner level CuSn8-cymbals, produced from 1978 to 1986.
505 series - advanced student CuSn8-cymbals, produced from 1974 to 1986.
200 series - advanced level cymbals made of brass, produced from 1985 to 1991.
400 series - advanced student cymbals made of CuSn8 bronze, produced from 1986 to 1991. Were also available with COLORSOUND finishes.
500 series - orchestral/marching cymbals made of CuSn8 bronze, produced from 1986 to 1990. Were also available with COLORSOUND finishes.
900 series - orchestral/marching cymbals made of CuSn8 bronze, produced from 1986 to 1990. Were also available with COLORSOUND finishes. Not to be confused with the 900 series introduced in 2017.
1000 series
 1 - semi-professional line of cymbals made of CuSn8 bronze, produced from 1986 to 1991. Were also available in RUDE finish.
 2 - Series of orchestra/marching cymbals, also available in COLORSOUND finishes.
2000 - professional series made of CuSn8 bronze, produced from 1986 to 1995. Were also available with COLORSOUND and Sound Reflection finishes.
3000 - professional series made of CuSn8 bronze, produced from 1986 to 1995. Were also available with RUDE and Reflector finishes.
 Alpha - B8 cymbals (CuSn8); semi-professional cymbals. Introduced in 1991, redesigned in 2006, and discontinued in 2017.
 Alpha spin-offs
 Black Alpha - Black color-coated Alpha cymbals designed in conjunction with Joey Jordison of Slipknot. Introduced in 2008 and discontinued in 2010.
  Black Alpha 'Hyper - B8 cymbals (CuSn8); semi-professional cymbals made in collaboration with Slipknot's Joey Jordison. They have 9 silver placed Tribal-S logos. Unique and deep hammer marks make this a completely new developed line. The logo is located near the bell. Introduced in 2012, discontinued in 2014.
 Alpha Boomer - Made from 2002 Bronze cymbals (CuSn8 Bronze); semi-professional.  Composed of mostly Alpha's "rock" cymbals, and very similar to the discontinued 2000 series. Well suited for rock, in honor of Nicko McBrain.  Each cymbal has a reflector finish with a blue label, and Nicko McBrain's "PowerSlave Eddie" logo.  The back side Paiste logo is printed in Maiden-font. Introduced in 2012.
Sound Formula - one of the first series to use Paiste's patented Signature Alloy, which was at first known as Sound Alloy or Sound Formula.  Eventually absorbed by the "Signature" line.  Were also available in Reflector finish from 1992 to 1996.
COLORSOUND 5 series - professional CuSn8-cymbals, produced from 1984 to 1986. Five colors were offered for visual appeal. Note: The COLORSOUND 5 cymbals are different from 400, 500, 900, 2000 and Visions cymbals even though they are colored, or have the COLORSOUND name attached.
VISIONS series - professional level-cymbals; both Signature Alloy and CuSn8 alloy cymbals, produced from 1994 to 1999. Were treated with COLORSOUND process. Offered in Black only. Designed for Terry Bozzio.
BRASSTONES - an entry level brass series introduced in the early 90s, discontinued in the mid-90s.
Stanople - a mid-line series introduced in the 1960s, discontinued in the 1970s.
Ludwig Standard - a mid-line series from the 1950s-70s produced for distribution by Ludwig Drums.
Stambul - their old top-of-the-line cymbals, produced from 1932 to 1965 from NS12 nickel-bronze and later made of CuSn8 bronze.
SOUND CREATION - top of the line professional bell bronze cymbals that were made alongside the 602 series starting in 1978 until 1991.
Dixie - entry level NS12 cymbals made in the 1960s, later also offered in B8.
 Dimensions - This was considered a professional level cymbal which later merged in with the 2002 line. They were introduced in 1999 and were discontinued in 2005. Were also available in Reflector finish.
 Innovations - This is a professional level cymbal line made with the 2002 bronze. They are mechanically pre-shaped, hand hammered, and lathed. Introduced in 2001, this line was discontinued in 2005.
 Twenty - Introduced at the winter NAMM 2007 as a basic lineup of hi-hat, ride, crash, china. and splash cymbals. Made out of Turkish B20 blanks.
 Twenty Custom - Introduced in 2011, discontinued mid-January 2015. High end cymbals made of the same Turkish B20 Bronze alloy the discontinued Twenty series was, featuring a brilliant finish on all models. The line has a slightly dark and complex tonality, and is divided further among "Full" and "Metal" models.
In addition, some Paiste cymbals are re-branded by drum manufacturers with their own brand name, for example Vater, Vater Rainbow etc.

Paiste also offers to color coat their cymbals and the possibility of custom orders. They also use prototype cymbals that sometimes appear in stores. So there are Paiste cymbals 'outside' of the here mentioned series. Most of these cymbals were never manufactured fully.

History of Sound Creation line
It started with the Formula 602 "Dark Ride" cymbal in the early 70s. This cymbal was developed with Jack DeJohnette. In 1975, Paiste introduced the Sound Creation as a cymbal line.

The first series in 1975 shows a small Paiste logo an inch away from the ride bells.
Hi-Hats were Dark Hi-Hat and Dark Sound Edge Hi-Hat, 10 types (rides etc.) in total:

Short Crash (18")
Dark Crash (18", 20")
Dark Ride (18", 20", 22")
Bright Medium (18", 20")
Bright Ride (18", 20")
Mellow Ride (20")
Dark China (18", 20", 22")
Bell Ride (20", 22")
Dark Hi-Hat (14")
Dark Sound Edge Hi-Hat (14")

The 1979 series has the same small Paiste ink an inch away from bells. Hi-Hat models were as in the 1975 series, with the 10 types in that series and 6 additional cymbals (5 rides and china) available with factory rivets.

In 1984, the line and models partially change. The top ink logo changes, and the following models were added :

Dark Flatride
Dark Medium Ride
Dark Medium HH
Dark Medium SE HH
Dark Heavy HH
Dark Heavy SE HH.

The Mellow Ride was discontinued. Also, 13" models were added to all Hi-Hats, and the Hi-Hats were changed to Medium and Heavy models, with the mediums lighter than the former regular models.

The "New Dimension" were introduced in 1985, with different hammering patterns and lathing. Contrary to the old heavy and random hammering pattern in the Dark models, the hammering becomes more evenly spaced, except in the China, where the hammering turned very heavy and random, while in the former Dark China models the hammering was very light and regularly spread all over the cymbal.

The ND treatment was applied to these types: Dark Crash, Dark Ride, Dark Medium, Dark China, Short Crash, and Bell Ride.

Hand-held cymbals

Aside from the cymbals meant for playing with a drum kit, Paiste produces clash cymbals. Current lines include:

 Symphonic
 Concert/marching
 Universal
 Alpha
 502 Plus
 302 Plus

Gongs

Paiste makes its gongs in the German factory. Paiste gongs are made from nickel silver. Current series include:

 Symphonic gongs available in sizes from 20" to 80".
 Planet gongs. These are like symphonic gongs but tuned to represent a natural harmonic series based on the orbital properties of the Sun, the Earth, the Moon and the other planets as calculated by Hans Cousto. Available in sizes from 24" to 38".
 Sound Creation gongs. A series of 10 gongs each with its own character. Not to be confused with the planet gongs. Most models in the series are discontinued except for nrs 3, 8, 9 and 10. The models were:

 Nr. 1 Sun
 Nr. 2 Fire
 Nr. 3 Earth
 Nr. 4 Water
 Nr. 5 Peace
 Nr. 6 Moon
 Nr. 7 Fight
 Nr. 8 Head
 Nr. 9 Chest
 Nr. 10 Abdomen

 Accent gongs. More aggressive sounding gongs. Available in 7", 10", 13" and 22".
 Deco gongs. Small symphonic gongs. Available in 7", 10" and 13".

Paiste also made a line of tuned gongs and a tuned gong play that are now discontinued.

Other instruments

Paiste also makes a variety of metal percussion instruments. Among these are:
 Crotal bells
 Sound plates. Rectangular plates from B8 bronze that sound church bell like when struck with a soft mallet. Now discontinued.
 Sound discs. Round discs made from B8 bronze.
 Roto sounds. Round discs made from B8 mounted in revolving stand.
 Finger cymbal: Very small thick cymbals.
 Cowbells. Now discontinued, but made for Ludwig in the 1960s

Notable users

 Peter Magadini (Diana Ross, George Duke, Bobbie Gentry, John Handy)
 Inferno of Behemoth
 Eric Carr, formerly of KISS (died on November 24, 1991)
Carlos Guevara - Independent
 Don Henley of The Eagles
 Josh Fisher of Jesus Culture
 Scott F. Crago of The Eagles (back-up drummer)
 Tico Torres of Bon Jovi
 Josh Devine of One Direction, Skepta, and Ollie Green
 Jared Henderson of Desperation Band
 Jack White of The Dead Weather
 Rivers Cuomo of Weezer
 Meg White, formerly of The White Stripes
 Abe Laboriel Jr. of Paul McCartney
 Danny Carey of Tool
 Stewart Copeland of The Police
 Jason Duffy of Michael Flatley and The Corrs
 Jim Keltner (session legend)
 Nick Mason of Pink Floyd
 Mike Johns of Lincoln Brewster (Briefly used Sabian and Zildjian)
 Barriemore Barlow, formerly of (Jethro Tull)
 Mark Craney (Gino Vannelli and Jethro Tull)
 Gerry Conway, formerly of Cat Stevens, Jethro Tull
 Doane Perry, formerly of Jethro Tull
 Steve Smith formerly of Journey used Paiste through 1979
 Steve Negus, formerly of Saga
 Phil Rudd, formerly of AC/DC
 Nicko McBrain of Iron Maiden
 Kris Gustofson of Trauma
 Clive Burr, formerly of Iron Maiden
 Larry Mullen, Jr. of U2
 Ian Paice of Deep Purple
 Carl Palmer of Asia and Emerson, Lake & Palmer
Ricky Lawson  Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Yellowjackets, Steely Dan, Phil Collins
Leon "Ndugu" Chancler Miles Davis, George Duke, The Temptations, Michael Jackson (Sessions)
 Patrick J. Carney of The Black Keys
Brian Tichy (Whitesnake, Ozzy Osbourne, Foreigner)
 Vinnie Colaiuta
 Mike Terrana of Tarja Turunen
 Aquiles Priester - Ex-Angra - Hangar - Noturnall
 Chuck Burgi
 Paulinho da Costa
 Steve Jordan
 Steve Prestwich of Cold Chisel
 Dale Crover of The Melvins
 Freddie Strauks of Skyhooks
 HELLHAMMER of Mayhem
 Joe Butterworth of Talanas
 Frank Beard of ZZ Top
 Charlie Benante of Anthrax
 Bill Berry, formerly of R.E.M.
 John Bonham of Led Zeppelin
 Bobby Rondinelli of Rainbow, Blue Öyster Cult, Black Sabbath
 Gas Lipstick of HIM
 Russ Kunkel (session legend)
 Bill Bruford of Yes, Earthworks, King Crimson
 Luis "chocs" Campos - Collinz Room
 Dave Lombardo, formerly of Slayer
 Chad Butler of Switchfoot
 Jeff Porcaro of Toto
 Herman Rarebell of Scorpions
 Alex González of Maná
 Alfonso André of Caifanes and Jaguares
 Scott Rockenfield of Queensrÿche
 Gina Schock of The Go-Go's
 Steve DiStanislao of David Gilmour's solo band and Don Felder's solo band
 Chris Slade
 Scott Travis of Judas Priest (briefly used Zildjian in 2009)
 Alex Van Halen of Van Halen
 David Silveria, formerly of KoЯn
 Joey Jordison, formerly of Slipknot
 Josh Freese of A Perfect Circle
 Victor M. Ribas of HURT
 Jukka Nevalainen of Nightwish
 Zbigniew Robert Promiński "Inferno" - Behemoth (2010)
 John Dolmayan of System of a Down
 Marko Atso of Metsatöll
 Tris Imboden of Chicago
 Cozy Powell of Rainbow, Whitesnake, and Black Sabbath
 Rick Buckler of The Jam
 Tommy Ramone of The Ramones
 Marky Ramone of The Ramones
 Bobby Blotzer of Ratt
 Charlie Watts of the Rolling Stones
 Tommy Aldridge of Whitesnake
 Steve Asheim of Deicide
 Dave Witte of Municipal Waste, Discordance Axis and Burnt by the Sun
 Gary James of Thunder
 Mikkey Dee of Motörhead
 Nigel Glockler of Saxon
 Jeremy Spencer Heyde of Five Finger Death Punch
 John Robinson
 John Harrison (Independent)
 André Ceccarelli
 Echa Soemantri
 Zoltan Chaney - Vince Neil of Mötley Crüe - Slaughter
 Chad Wackerman - Frank Zappa Allan Holdsworth
 Roger Taylor of Queen used Paistes exclusively throughout the 1970s and up until 1982 when he started using a mixed setup of Paiste and Zildjian.  He then switched to Zildjian completely circa 1987.
 Phil Collins of Genesis was noted for his use of Paistes in the 1970s up until 1981.  He moved to Zildjian and then to Sabian.
 Frankie Banali of Quiet Riot was a Paiste artist until circa 1984 when he switched to Zildjian and then to Sabian.
 Mick Fleetwood of Fleetwood Mac used Paistes exclusively throughout the 1960s, 70s, 80s, and early 90s.
 Jason McGerr of Death Cab For Cutie endorsed Paiste from the 1990s into the 2010s before moving to Zildjian.
 Tommy Lee of Mötley Crüe used Paiste from 1981–2004.
 Charlie Watts of The Rolling Stones used Paiste throughout the 1960s and 70s before switching to a variety of other brands, most notably Zildjian and UFIP.
 Keith Moon of The Who used Paistes exclusively up until the mid 1970s when he started using a mixed setup of Paiste and Zildjian, before switching to Zildjian exclusively circa 1976.
 Rick Allen of Def Leppard used Paiste up until 1986 when he switched to Zildjian.
 Chester Thompson touring drummer Phil Collins and Genesis used Paiste from 1970 until 1990 when he switched to Sabian.
 Rod Morgenstein of Winger used Paiste throughout the 1970s into the early 1990s before signing with Sabian.
 Carmine Appice of Vanilla Fudge and Cactus used Paiste throughout the 1970s before moving to Zildjian and then Sabian, and currently, Istanbul Mehmet.
 Kelly Keagy of Night Ranger endorsed Paiste up until 1988 when he switched to Sabian.
 Sheila E., session great used Paistes exclusively up until the early '90s.
 Danny Gottlieb, jazz and rock great, used Paistes throughout the 1980s before switching to Zildjian.
 Greg D'Angelo of White Lion and Stephen Pearcy endorsed Paiste up until the early 1990s.
 James Kottak of KrunK, ex Scorpions, used Paiste up until the early 1990s.
 Sandy Gennaro, session and touring great, used Paiste throughout the 1980s and into the 2000s before switching to Zildjian.
 Nathan Followill of Kings of Leon used Paistes up until 2011 when he signed with Zildjian.
 Jimmy DeGrasso of Megadeth, Alice Cooper, and Suicidal Tendencies used Paistes up until 2007 when he switched to Sabian.
 David Garibaldi, session great used Paistes up until the 1990s.
 Audie Desbrow of Great White used Paiste throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s when he switched to Zildjian.
 Aynsley Dunbar of Frank Zappa and David Bowie used Paistes up until the late 1970s when he switched to Zildjian.
 Paul Wertico used Paiste until he switched to Sabian in 2018.
 Terry Bozzio of Frank Zappa and Missing Persons used Paistes up until the late 1990s when he switched to Sabian.

Patents


MyRepublic

MyRepublic is a multinational Internet company headquartered in Singapore. The company was formed to leverage Singapore's Next Generation Nationwide Broadband Network (Next Gen NBN). Since its initial launch in 2011, the company has expanded to three other countries - Australia, New Zealand and Indonesia. MyRepublic primarily offers fibre broadband services in all four countries as well as ADSL plans in Australia, VDSL services in New Zealand, and cable TV packages in Indonesia. The company has a combined subscriber base of 200,000 across the four countries.

History
MyRepublic was launched on February 16, 2012 by Malcolm Rodrigues, a former Vice President of StarHub International and Wholesale; KC Lai, a former StarHub Senior VP of Consumer Sales; and Greg Mittman, previously a lead of Alcatel-Lucent's National Broadband Network Team. The company launched with fibre internet plans offering speeds of up to 150 Mbit/s.

In 2012, the company had 32 full-time staff in its employ, 450 resellers of their services, around 10,000 subscribers and more than SGD $5 million in revenue. Rodrigues attributed the growth of the company to its “thin operator model” which does not rely on costly legacy infrastructure. In February, the company launched GAMER packages, becoming the first Internet service provider in Singapore to offer fibre broadband plans specifically catered towards gamers.

In 2013, MyRepublic launched Teleport, a VPN-like service, which allowed users to stream content from online services from around the world like Hulu, Pandora, Netflix and BBC iPlayer using non-traditional VPN methods. The company also opened its flagship store at Ang Mo Kio Hub. By then, MyRepublic held a 17 percent market share of the fibre broadband consumer market and established itself in a short time as a disruptive influence.

In January 2014, MyRepublic launched its 1 Gbit/s fibre broadband plan, a move which made Singapore the world's first country to offer 1 Gbit/s on a nationwide basis. At $49.99 per month, the plan was eight times cheaper than local telecommunications companies,M1 Limited and StarHub, were then offering. The introduction of this plan initiated heavy price competition amongst the telecommunications companies, and by year end, both M1 and Singtel lowered their 1 Gbit/s fibre broadband plans to price points similar to of MyRepublic. MyRepublic also announced its entry into the New Zealand ISP market.

In June, MyRepublic declared its interest in being Singapore's fourth telecommunications company, with plans for a 4G mobile plan with unlimited data. MyRepublic submitted documents in response to a call for proposal by the IMDA on ways to increase the competitiveness of the mobile market and optimized usage of the radio spectrum.

In July 2015, MyRepublic launched services in Indonesia at an initial nine locations. Later in May, the company announced the launch of Singapore's first ever 1 Gbit/s no contract fiber broadband plan.

In September, the company raised US$16 million in a funding round led by Brunei telecommunications major DST Communications.

In October, MyRepublic held a Mobility Trial as part of IMDA's trial of HetNet, or heterogeneous network, in Jurong Lake District. The trial was limited to 1,000 trial users and confined to certain areas such as malls, public housing blocks, bus interchange and MRT train station.

In 2016, MyRepublic launched MySDN, its first enterprise connectivity service, available to customers across the region, including Singapore, Indonesia, and New Zealand.

In November, MyRepublic launched in Australia with plans offering 100 Mbit/s download speeds and no data limits for a flat rate of AU $59.95 per month. The Australian launch did not go smoothly, with reports in local media indicating significant customer disappointment at the download speeds and service of connection.

Following up from their declaration of interest back in 2014, the company officially submitted its bid for the New Entrant Spectrum Auction (NESA) to become Singapore's 4th telecommunication company in September, along with two other companies, Australian telecommunication company TPG Telecom and airYotta. Out of the three companies, only TPG and MyRepublic were assessed to be a pre-qualified candidates for the New Entrant Spectrum Auction (NESA). In December, the results of the auction were announced, where TPG Telecom outbid MyRepublic to win the 4th telecommunication company grant.

By 1 September, MyRepublic had 150 employees and 60,000 fibre broadband subscribers in Singapore.

In 2017, the company announced it would launch 1 Gbit/s National Broadband Network (NBN) services throughout Wollongong.

In May, there was news that the company was looking for private equity backing to bid for the Singaporean Telecommunication company M1. This would allow the company to get back into the Singapore telecommunication companies race after losing the bid to become Singapore's fourth telecommunication company to TPG group.


2015 South Hams District Council election

Elections to South Hams District Council took place on 7 May, the same day as other United Kingdom local elections and the General Election. 19 of the 20 wards were up for election, each with either 1,2 or 3 councillors to be elected. The number of seats up for election in each ward is indicated by the number in the brackets following the ward name. This was the first election with new boundary changes taking effect after the number of wards was reduced by ten and councillors by 19. The ward of Salcombe & Thurlestone was uncontested, with Conservative Party candidates Judy Pearce and Simon Wright elected. The Conservative Party increased their share of seats in the council, despite a slight decrease in votes. Meanwhile, the Green Party overtook the Liberal Democrats to become the largest opposition party.

Results summary

Ward elections

Allington & Strete

Bickleigh & Cornwood

Blackawton & Stoke Fleming Ward

Charterlands

Dartington & Staverton

Dartmouth & East Dart (3)

Ermington & Ugborough

Ivybridge East (2)

Ivybridge West (2)

Kingsbridge

Loddiswell & Aveton Gifford

Marldon & Littlehempston

Newton & Yealmpton

South Brent

Stokenham

Totnes (3)

Wembury and Brixton (2)

West Dart

Woolwell


Ena Taslidža

Ena Taslidža (born 14 August 2001) is a Bosnian footballer who plays as a midfielder and has appeared for the Bosnia and Herzegovina women's national team.

Career
Taslidža has been capped for the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team, appearing for the team during the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup qualifying cycle.