Antrim Borough Council

Antrim Borough Council was the local authority of Antrim in Northern Ireland. It merged with Newtownabbey Borough Council on 1 April 2015 under local government reorganisation in Northern Ireland to become Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council.

Members
Antrim Borough Council was sub-divided into three electoral areas: Antrim South-East, Antrim North-West and Antrim Town, from which 19 members were elected. In the last election to the former Council in February 2011, the following political parties were represented: 5 Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), 5 Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), 3 Sinn Féin, 3 Alliance Party, 2 Social Democratic and Labour Party and 1 Traditional Unionist Voice. Elections were held every four years using the proportional representation system.

Mayor
A mayor and deputy mayor were elected from among the councillors at the borough council's annual meeting in June. For the civic year 2012/2013 the Mayor of Antrim was Roy Thompson (DUP) and the Deputy Mayor was Roderick Swann (UUP).

Population
The area covered by Antrim Borough Council had a population of 53,428 residents according to the 2011 Northern Ireland census.


Olympia Aldersey

Olympia Aldersey (born 26 July 1992) is an Australian rower. She is an Australian national champion, an Olympian and a current (2019) World Champion in the coxless four. In 2014 she set a world's fastest ever time (6:37.31) in a women's double scull over 2000m, a record which has stood since.

Personal
Aldersey was named Olympia by her parents as she was born during the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games. In 2011, she graduated from St Peter's Girls School. She studies at the University of Adelaide, South Australia.

Club, youth and state rowing
Aldersey rows from the Adelaide Rowing Club.

She competed in the 2009 Australian Youth Olympic Festival where she won gold in the women's coxless pair and eight and silver in the coxless four.

Aldersley was first selected to represent South Australia at age seventeen in the women's youth eight in 2009 contesting the Bicentennial Cup at the Interstate Regatta within the Australian Rowing Championships. She made three further South Australian youth eight appearances in 2010, 2011 and 2012. In 2010 she also rowed in the South Australian senior women's eight competing for the Queen's Cup at the Interstate Regatta. South Australia didn't enter eights for the Queen's Cup in 2011 or 2012 but in 2014 she was back in the five seat of their senior women's eight and she raced five consecutive further Queen's Cups in from 2014 to 2018.

Aldersey competed as South Australia's single scull representative racing for the Nell Slater Trophy in the Interstate Regatta in 2013, 2017, 2018 and 2019.

In 2017 in Adelaide Rowing Club colours she won the national double scull (with Madeleine Edmunds) and the quad scull titles at the Australian Rowing Championships.

International representative rowing
Aldersley first represented Australia internationally in 2010 at the World Rowing Junior Championships in Racice, Czech Republic where she won a bronze medal rowing a double scull with fellow South Australian Emma Basher. They also won silver that year at the Youth Olympic Games in Singapore.

In July 2011 Aldersey competed at the U23 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam and placed fourth in the final of the women's coxless pair

At the 2014 World Rowing Championships in Amsterdam Aldersey raced in Australia's double scull with Sally Kehoe. They finished third in the final and won the bronze medal. During the preliminary racing Kehoe and Aldersey set a world-record time for 2000m of 6:37.31. This record has stood since.

Aldersey was a member of the Australian women's eight who initially missed qualification for the 2016 Rio Olympics but received a late call up following the Russian drug scandal. WADA had discovered Russian state sponsored drug testing violations and the IOC acted to protect clean athletes and set strict entry guidelines for Russian athletes resulting in most of their rowers and nearly all of their crews being withdrawn from the Olympic regatta. The crew had dispersed two months earlier after their failure to qualify but reconvened, travelled at the last minute to Rio and borrowed a shell. They finished last in their heat, last in the repechage and were eliminated.

Aldersley continued to row at the highest world level into 2017 but moved into a double scull with Madeleine Edmunds. They contested two World Rowing Cups in Europe before winning a bronze at the 2017 World Rowing Championships in Sarasota, Florida. In 2018 at the World Rowing Cup II in Linz, Aldersey was in Australia's women's quad scull which placed third.

In 2019 Aldersey was picked in Australian women's sweep squad for the international season. In an effort to qualify the women's eight for the 2020 Olympics, selectors made some changes between the coxless four and the eight. Molly Goodman moved into the eight and Aldersey was selected at bow in the Australian women's coxless four. She rowed in that crew to a bronze medal at RWC II in Poznan and to a gold medal at WRC III in Rotterdam. Aldersey, Werry, Hawe and Stephan were selected to race Australia's coxless four at the 2019 World Rowing Championships in Linz, Austria. The four were looking for a top eight finish at the 2019 World Championships to qualify for the Tokyo Olympics. They won their heat and semi-final, thereby qualifying the boat for Tokyo 2020. They led the final from start to finish, took the gold medal and regained the coxless four world champion title.


West Salem

West Salem is the name of several places in the United States:

 West Salem, Illinois
 West Salem, Ohio
 West Salem, Salem, Oregon, the Polk County portion of Salem
 West Salem, Wisconsin
 West Salem Township, Mercer County, Pennsylvania


Louis Graveraet Kaufman

Louis Graveraet Kaufman (born November 13, 1870) was an American business executive and businessperson. He was named president of First National Bank of Marquette in Marquette, Michigan in 1906. In 1910 he became the president of Chatham National Bank of New York, also remaining president of First National. Under Kaufman, Chatham National soon merged with Phenix National to form the Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company. By the time Kaufman retired in 1932, the bank had increased 50-fold in size. Joining General Motors's board of directors in 1910, Kaufman remained on GM's board for 22 years, and was chairman of their finance committee.

Early life and career
He was born on November 13, 1870, in Marquette, Michigan, the son of Samuel and Juliet Kaufman. Louis was educated in Marquette, and worked as a bookkeeper at the Iron Bay Manufacturing Company for two years. When he was 19, he became a messenger for the Marquette County Savings Bank. In 1898, he became the cashier-manager of that bank, and in 1901 became the vice president of Marquette's First National Bank. In 1906, he was named president of First National. By this time, Kaufman was associated with both the First National Bank and the Marquette County Savings Bank, and he was a director or officer for a number of other local mining, railroading, or insurance companies.

In 1910, he became the president of Chatham National Bank of New York, although only after receiving special dispensation allowing him to remain president of First National Bank of Marquette. The bank soon merged with Phenix National to form the Chatham Phenix National Bank and Trust Company. This was the first of many mergers; by the time Kaufman retired in 1932, the bank had increased 50-fold in size.

In addition, Kaufman was elected to General Motors's board of directors in 1910. He had a major role financing William C. Durant and his 1913 reorganization of Chevrolet and General Motors. Kaufman remained on GM's board for 22 years, and was chairman of their finance committee.

Personal life
In 1900, Kaufman married Marie Julia Young, daughter of Otto Young; the couple had five children.

He built the estate Granot Loma.


Salman Ebrahim Mohamed Ali Al Khalifa

Salman Ebrahim Mohamed Ali Al Khalifa is a citizen of Bahrain who was held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba.
The Department of Defense reports that Al Khalifa was born on July 24, 1979, in Rifah, Bahrain. He is a member of the Al Khalifa royal family of Bahrain, related to the king of Bahrain.

Al Khalifa is a second cousin of the King of Bahrain.

Al Khalifa, like the other Bahrainis held in Guantanamo, has Joshua Colangelo-Bryan as his lawyer.

Official status reviews
Initially the Bush Presidency asserted that the Geneva Conventions did not apply to any captives apprehended in the "war on terror", and that these individuals could be held indefinitely without any open review of their status.
However, in 2004, in Rasul v. Bush the United States Supreme Court ruled the captives had to be given an opportunity to hear the justifications for their detention, and an opportunity to try to refute those allegations.

Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants
Following the Supreme Court's ruling in Rasul v. Bush, the Department of Defense set up the Office for the Administrative Review of Detained Enemy Combatants, which conducted annual reviews, which were, in theory, open to members of the press.
Al Khalifa's status was reviewed in 2004 and 2005.

Formerly secret Joint Task Force Guantanamo assessment

On April 25, 2011, whistleblower organization WikiLeaks published formerly secret assessments drafted by Joint Task Force Guantanamo analysts.
His assessment was five pages long, and was drafted on May 13, 2005.
Camp commandant Jay W. Hood recommended his "transfer to the control of another country for continued detention."

Release
The Gulf Daily News announced on November 5, 2005, that Salman had been released, and was one of three Bahraini detainees on their way home.

On Thursday August 23, 2007, the Gulf Daily News reported that
Bahraini Member of Parliament Mohammed Khalid had called for the Bahrain government to provide financial compensation to the released men.


Elizabeth Thackery

Elizabeth Thackery (1767 – 7 August 1856), died age 89 years (according to the Convict Records Office), and is the last-known survivor of the First Fleet, male or female, and was generally known throughout her long lifetime as the first convict female to land in Australia. Her husband Samuel King is thought to be the last male survivor of the First Fleet.

She was from Manchester, Lancashire, England. She was tried on 4 May 1786, and sentenced to seven years' transportation for the theft of two black silk handkerchiefs and three white handkerchiefs to a total value of one shilling.

She left England on the convict transport Friendship in May 1787, aged 21 at the time, later transferred to the ship Charlotte. She was placed in irons a number of times during the voyage.

On 28 January 1788, two days after arrival, 17 marines' wives were landed from the ship Prince of Wales to the northern side of the harbour.

On Tuesday, 5 February, five of the more well-behaved women convicts were landed from the ship Prince of Wales near the Governors' eastern side of the harbour. They had been selected for subsequent transport to Norfolk Island ten days later on 15 February 1788.

The next day, however, on Wednesday 6, February by 6 am, during the bulk unloading of the women convicts, Betty Thackery left the ship Charlotte and excitedly jumped from her longboat to the beach before anyone else on the western side of the harbour at The Rocks.

She, therefore, became the first and most widely known of the convict girls to run up the beach in Australia amidst much cheering from the crowd of waiting male convicts and guards.

She and six other girls had been transferred from the ship Friendship to the ship Charlotte at 1 pm on Sunday 28 October 1787 to make way for livestock that were loaded there at Cape Town in South Africa.

After arriving in Australia, she received 25 lashes on 14 July 1791 for coming in from her settlement without permission. She lived for a while with James Dodding and subsequently made her way to Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) on the Porpoise.

On 28 January 1810, the reverend Robert Knopwood married Betty to Samuel King, a marine private who had arrived aboard the ship Sirius of the First Fleet. They settled in the Derwent Valley. They were married for 46 years.

Betty King died 7 August 1856 at the age of 89. She is buried next to her husband in the Methodist Chapel churchyard in Lawitta Road, Magra, Tasmania (3 km north of New Norfolk).


Pšovlky

Pšovlky is a village and municipality in Rakovník District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.


Petworth (ward)

Petworth is an electoral ward of Chichester District, West Sussex, England and returns one member to sit on Chichester District Council.

Following a district boundary review, part of the previous Petworth boundaries were split into the new Fittleworth and Loxwood wards in 2019.

Councillors

Election results

* Elected


Ring Hill, Maine

Ring Hill is a village in the town of Litchfield, Maine, United States.


Danny Cox (baseball)

Danny Bradford Cox (born September 21, 1959) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He pitched for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1983 to 1988, the Philadelphia Phillies from 1991 to 1992, the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1992, and the Toronto Blue Jays from 1993 to 1995, when he retired.  Over his eleven-year career, Cox won 74, lost 75, recorded a 3.64 ERA, 21 complete games, 5 shutouts and 8 saves. He won Game 3 of the 1985 National League Championship Series with the Cardinals trailing 2 games to none. Cox pitched well in the 1985 World Series, but earned two no-decisions. He pitched a shutout in Game 7 of the 1987 National League Championship Series, and was the winning pitcher in Game 5 of the 1987 World Series. After being removed in Game 7, Cox argued with umpire Dave Phillips and got ejected as he left the field.

Coaching career
He managed the Gateway Grizzlies, a Frontier League team based in Sauget, Illinois from 2003–2006, compiling a record of 197-175 and one league championship. In 2008, he coached the New Athens, Illinois High School baseball team, however he resigned mid-season. Cox currently frequents clinics in the St. Louis area, and offers pitching lessons to young players near his Freeburg, Illinois home.

In February 2009, he was named pitching coach for the Springfield Sliders of the Prospect League.

On December 17, 2009, the Lancaster Barnstormers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball named him pitching coach for the 2010 season.


Columbia Cemetery (Columbia, Missouri)

The Columbia Cemetery in Columbia, Missouri has been in use as a cemetery since 1820.  The cemetery historically contains Caucasian, African-American, and Jewish (Beth Olem Cemetery, Beth Shalom Cemetery) sections.  Located in the cemetery are a vernacular stone receiving vault (1887), and a Romanesque Revival style mausoleum (1911).

Located on Broadway just West of Downtown Columbia, the cemetery contains many burials of prominent people associated with Missouri history, the University of Missouri, or the city of Columbia. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. It is still an operating cemetery room for many more burials and will celebrate its 200th anniversary in 2020.

Notable interments
Philemon Bliss - Politician, Chief Justice, educator
John William "Blind" Boone - Musician
Jane Froman - Actress and Singer
North Todd Gentry, Missouri Attorney General, historian
Odon Guitar - Soldier
Albert Ross Hill - politician, University President
William Wilson Hudson - Third president of the University of Missouri
Richard Henry Jesse - Eighth president of the University of Missouri
John Carleton Jones - Tenth president of the University of Missouri
John Hiram Lathrop - First president of the University of Missouri
Frederick Middlebush - Thirteenth president of the University of Missouri
William Lester Nelson - Politician
James S. Rollins - Politician and Lawyer
Max Schwabe - Politician
James Shannon - Academic
Willard Duncan Vandiver - Politician
Edwin Moss Watson - Newspaper Editor
Abraham J. Williams - Politician - Third Governor of the State of Missouri
Walter Williams - founder of the Missouri School of Journalism and twelfth president of the University of Missouri
Edwin William Stephens - publisher, civic leader
William Franklin Switzler - historian, journalist

Gallery


Shark River (film)

Shark River is a 1953 American Florida Western adventure film directed by John Rawlins and written by Louis Lantz and Lewis Meltzer. It stars Steve Cochran, Carole Mathews, Warren Stevens, Robert Cunningham, Ruth Foreman, Spencer Fox and Bill Piper, and was released on November 13, 1953, by United Artists.

Plot

Cast
Steve Cochran as Dan Webley
Carole Mathews as Jane Daughterty
Warren Stevens as Clay Webley
Robert Cunningham as Curtis Parker
Ruth Foreman as Mrs. Daughterty
Spencer Fox as Johnny Daughterty
Bill Piper as Sheriff


Ray Baker (record producer)

Ray Baker is a Nashville record producer. His first hit record produced was I Just Started Hatin' Cheating Songs Today by Moe Bandy in 1974.  He also produced It Was Always so Easy to Find an Unhappy Woman and It's a Cheatin' Situation, both by Moe Bandy. He also produced all of Connie Smith's albums under Columbia and Monument Records, starting with That's the Way Love Goes in 1974.

Baker also produced duets by Moe Bandy and Joe Stampley. "Good Ole Boys" was a million-selling duet in 1979.  In 1983 he produced Right or Wrong by George Strait, his first gold album; singles from that album included the title track, "You Look So Good in Love" and "Let's Fall to Pieces Together."

In 1984, he produced several hit records by Merle Haggard, including Grammy Award-winning That's the Way Love Goes. Ray Baker also produced "Natural High", "Let's Chase Each Other 'Round the Room", "What am I Gonna Do with the Rest of My Life", and "You Take Me for Granted", all number one records for Haggard. In addition, he produced several top ten records for Connie Smith for Columbia Records and Monument Records

Baker also produced a number one record in 1987 for Charley Pride, Have I Got Some Blues for You. Prior to his producing career, Ray was a very successful music publisher.  His catalogue contained such hits as "Elvira" "There Goes My Everything" "The Son of Hickory Holler's Tramp","If My Heart Had Windows" "That's The Way Love Goes", "Johnny One Time" and over 35 other Number One Country and Pop Songs from 1966 to the 1990s. His various accomplishments are included in Michael Kosser's best-selling biography How Music City Became Music City USA.

Notes


Foldase

In molecular biology, foldases are a particular kind of molecular chaperones that assist the non-covalent folding of proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. Examples of foldase systems are the GroEL/GroES and the DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE system.
In contrast to classical molecular chaperones that work as "holdases" and grip onto nascent protein chains to prevent aggregation or provide a hydrophobic environment for folding - as e.g. the GroEL/GroES system, foldases directly catalyze structural transitions in the polypeptide chain. They accelerate the rate-limiting steps along the folding pathway. Typical examples of foldases include Prolyl isomerase that catalyzes the transition between cis and trans isomers of  Proline, disulfide oxidoreductase (DsbA) and disulfide isomerase (DsbC). The eukaryotic protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) catalyzes both protein cysteine oxidation and disulfide bond isomerization.


Hesnæs

Hesnæs is a little fishing village located  southeast of Stubbekøbing on the Danish island of Falster. It is best known for its thatched, straw-clad houses, not found elsewhere in Denmark.

History
The first documented reference to Hesnæs (then Hesnes) dates from 1551 when it is mentioned as a fishing village. In 1585, the Crown acquired Hesnæs from Peter Gyldenstjerne of Bønnet. It had 11 fishing huts and five net-making stalls. In 1771, it was bought by Johan Frederik Classen of Corselitze, founder of Det Classenske Fideicommis.

In 1801, Hesnæs was a small herring fishing community consisting of 18 families in clay-plastered, whitewashed houses set out in rows beside the shore with gardens in the rear. There were fields along the stream known as Hesnæas Bæk. In the 19th century, the layout was upset as lots were sold along what is now Hesnæsvej, including the old gardens. As the population diminished, the empty houses were torn down for replanning. In 1872, the Baltic flood destroyed most of the village.

After the floods, it was decided to rebuild new houses higher up in the village. The architect Vilhelm Tvede (1826–1891) developed a new design, unique in Denmark, for the fishermen's houses, known today as "Hesnæs houses", with half-timbered, straw-clad walls, thatched roofs and horizontal-containing struts along the facade. Their carved window and door frames are also characteristic. After Tvede's death, it was his son, Gotfred Tvede, who completed the work on behalf of Det Classenske Fideicommis, the foundation set up by Classen. It was also Gotfred who gave the houses a straw lining to protect the half-timbered stone walls from the wind and wet sea mist. The houses were built with living quarters at one end and a stall at the other end.

The harbour came in 1878 with a growing need to ship locally-produced timber. The harbour master's house was built on the south side of the village. Exploitation of the surrounding Corselitz forest led to the opening of a sawmill in 1901 which operated until the mid-1980s, at times employing up to 25 workmen. An impressive new house for the manager of the sawmill, designed by Gotfred Tvede, followed. Later, fishing again became the main occupation for the village although it was not as successful as it had been in former times. In 1963, a small company "Hesnæs Fisk" was established with a filetting factory and a retail outlet for fresh fish but it closed again in 2008.

Hesnæs today
The harbour is still used by a few small fishing boats but is mainly a venue for pleasure craft during the summer months. Plans have been drawn up to preserve the village and ensure its careful development but have not yet been implemented. Some  to the south of Hesnæs lies Pomle Nakke Traktørsted where a high mound along the shore provides views of the island of Møn. The mound was left by the melting ice some 12,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. There is a little restaurant there, open in the summer months.

Gallery


Joseph Savelberg

Peter Joseph Savelberg (10 February 1827, Heerlen – 11 February 1907, Heerlen) was a Roman-Catholic priest and congregation founder (missionary).

Biography
Peter Savelberg attended school in Heerlen and after that at Rolduc (1843 to 1845).  Leaving his brother Balthasar Savelberg, who was in charge of a glassmaking shop in Brussels, he returned to Heerlen because he could not adjust.  Between 1846 and 1849 he attended Rolduc yet again, and after 1849 he gave seminars in Roermond.  In 1852, Savelberg was made priest, his first task was as a teacher at the Bischoppelijk College in Roermond (1853–1856).

In 1856 he became rector of the Franciscans of Heythuysen, for whom he worked at the girl pension Nonnenwerth close to Bonn.  In 1863 the bishop called him back and made him chaplain in Schaesberg and in 1865 of the Saint Pancras parish in Heerlen.


Double Happiness (TV series)

Double Happiness () is a Chinese drama serial on MediaCorp Channel 8 in Singapore which was screened in 2004 and ended in Jan 2005. It stars Ivy Lee , Xie Shaoguang , Edmund Chen , Vivian Lai & Zhang Wei as the casts of this series. It consists two parts, with 71 episodes in each part of the show. It is about a family who sells fish and chips in a renowned restaurant in East Coast Road called Happy Fish. The restaurant has its ups and downs, but eventually it will come out strong, but not without tragedies and lessons learnt.

In 2007 MediaCorp sold its rights to Chinese broadcaster CCTV8 and it was broadcast in China in 5 parts. It also had a rerun on Channel 8 in August 2012 to March 2013 for both seasons.

Casts
Ivy Lee as Situ Yaxi
Xie Shaoguang as Luo Jialong
Patricia Mok as Meili, Jialong's wife
Xiang Yun as Luo Jiaxi
Huang Yiliang as Lin Xuezhi, Jiaxi's husband
Li Xianmin as Lin Wenwen, Jiaxi and Xuezhi's daughter
Aileen Tan as Luo Jiayu
Rayson Tan as Huang Yaozu, Jiayu's husband
Kimberly Wang as Lana, Yaozu and Jiayu's daughter
Vivian Lai as Luo Jiaqian
Edmund Chen as Luo Jiaqi
Alan Tern as Wenjie, Wenxiong
Priscelia Chan as Lin Meijiao, later Shirley
Jin Yinji as Da-ma
Hong Huifang as Luo Kaiyin, Da-ma's sister-in-law
Zhang Wei as Luo Kaijin
Henry Thia as Ah Gao, Meijiao's husband
Jeff Wang as Luo Jiafu
Chen Tianwen as William, an employee
San Yow as Jiaming
Clarence Neo Jia Jun as Patrick

Guest cast
Moses Lim
Brandon Wong

Synopsis
The main female character in the show is Yaxi, who has to struggle with the Luo family for the control of Happy Fish, a Fish and Chips Restaurant. Yaxi, who is married to the Luos' second son Jiaqi, is a career woman who had hardly frequents a kitchen and is asked to look after Happy Fish by her dying mother-in-law. The oldest in the Luo family is the fiery-headed and impetuous Jialong, who believes that Yaxi is corrupt and is involved in money-laundering, thus causing lots of misunderstandings, quarrels, mishaps, and adventures. Those included the beginning of an affair between Jiaxi and William, and it resulted in the deaths of Jiafu and Yaxi. Yaxi's death was due to a miscarriage, while Jiafu was killed from being assaulted by a madman who was sent by enemies of Happy Fish. Before Yaxi died, she admitted to Zibin her feelings for her husband who went overseas, and persuades Zibin not to seek revenge. During Jiafu's funeral, gunmen burst in and interrupted the ceremony, making a mess at the scene. Yaozu, the analytical one, deduced that it must have been sent by enemies of Happy Fish, one of them being the femme fatale Jiemin and her money-loving mother.

Meanwhile, Jialong was forced to marry a girl named Meili. He initially thought that she was ugly, but he was delighted after seeing Meili's face. Meili's Chinese name really suited her, which means Beautiful. Jialong decides to go through with the wedding. It turned out later that Meili was infertile, which somewhat infuriated Jialong. His relationship with Meili was on the rocks when he became lazy and refused to work. He even went into human trafficking business, and narrowly avoided police arrest by seeking the help of his crime boss who has a hold on the police commissioner. Jialong resolved to change his ways for the better and decided to work part-time at Happy Fish, his family restaurant. He even adopted a child with Meili, and named him Luo Tianle, much to the family's dismay, because that was going to be the name of Yaxi's unborn (and dead) child.

Yaozu had an affair with the wife of a Taiwanese politician, and Yaozu's wife Jiayu unfortunately found out. To Yaozu's shock, Jiayu wants him to continue the affair, for she hopes to get a steady flow of cash. The politician, Ma Da, was furious when he received photos of that affair and sent gunmen to Singapore to kill Yaozu. Yaozu was lucky to avoid death, but had his spine broken from the brutal fight with them, and thus need to use a wheelchair for the rest of his life. Jiayu became depressed because of that. To add on to the misfortune, her daughter Lana was raped by a stranger she met online, and she committed suicide. Jiayu, with almost nothing to live on anymore, committed suicide as well. Yaozu was depressed, but became stronger and decided to live on in order to prove himself useful to the Luo family and not just all talk.

After reading the story in the Romance of Three Kingdoms, Zibin, who became insane after Yaxi's death, believed that he is Liu Bei, who is going to avenge the death of Guan Yu (Yaxi). He deduced that it must be Happy Fish restaurant that was the cause of Yaxi's death. He decides to read up on Sun Tze's Art of War to have his revenge. Yaozu noticed that Zibin was reading the book and questioned his purpose. Zibin secretly added rat poison to Yaozu's coffee to prevent him from leaking out his mission. Zibin managed to keep his mission a secret, and Yaozu died from his poisoned state. Unknown to Zibin, Yaozu had however anticipated the move, and secretly recorded his suspicions about Zibin onto a CD, slotting it together with his Music CDs, before going off to drink the poisoned coffee.

A new restaurant by the name of "Original Happy Fish" was set up by the enemies of Happy Fish. Jiaxi went over to Original Happy Fish to work, as she believed that Happy Fish no longer has profitable business after so many mishaps. She gave the secret recipe to Original Happy Fish as well, in the secret hopes of seeing a revival. Jiemin, a beautiful girl who believes herself to be smart and talented, unwittingly had a relationship with Perry, who in secret was having an affair with her mother as well. Perry's mission was to cheat all of Original Happy Fish's money away. He paid gangsters to beat up Jiaxi's ex-husband who tried to stop his ex-wife from working at Original Happy Fish. Jiaxi, although hated her ex-husband, was shocked at Perry's actions and thus informed Jialong of the crimes Perry committed. Jialong in his drunken state told his bosom friends of all the mess that the family caused. Jiaxi also left Original Happy Fish, convinced that she was wrong to work there.

Jialong's blood brothers ganged up together with guns illegally imported overseas, and took down Happy Fish's rivals, the so-called "Original Happy Fish", in revenge. Jiemin was scarred from the incident, and was sent to a mental hospital to be treated for depression. Her gossiping mother had her leg broken instead, and she was furious at Jialong, accusing him of causing this mess. Jialong was shocked at his blood brothers' actions, and decided to report on them. All but one were arrested and sentenced to death, and to avoid revenge, Jialong underwent surgery to change his face, much to the chagrin of his wife Meili. The final tragedy appeared, where the final blood brother who avoided capture showed up and torched Happy Fish. William sacrificed himself in order to put out the fires. A mourning Jiaxi, who was rummaging through Yaozu's Music CDs accidentally discovered the CD that had Yaozu's confession, and that finally exposed Zibin. Zibin turned out to be the final blood brother himself, and was sent to a mental hospital, where he finally committed suicide by taking the remaining rat poison he had with him.

Yaxi was also revealed to be alive, that although she really did suffered a miscarriage, her death was just a set-up to test the Luo family's sibling ties. The revelation shocked the Luo family, and out of respect to Yaxi's abilities and resourcefulness, decided to let her take control of Happy Fish. With that, it also strengthened the entire family's resolution to carry on the Happy Fish restaurant business without causing anymore tragedies. A miracle, however, occurred: Jiaqi, previously thought to have died in Afghanistan as a volunteer, turned out alive and well, and remarried another woman. Happy Fish's business improved and it expanded overseas, where Jialong's twin brother Goulong took charge. In the finale, Goulong revealed that he was the one who resorted to divine intervenation to rescue the family from breaking up after hearing Jialong's prayers, killed and resurrected Yaxi for the plan to put the family through trials and tribulations.

Accolades

Edmund Chen and Ivy Lee (as Luo Jiaqi and Situ Yaxi respectively) were named the Top 5 Favourite On-screen Partners/Couple at the Star Awards 2007 special celebrating 25 years of Chinese drama.


Heart's Desire, Newfoundland and Labrador

Heart's Desire is a town in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The town had a population of 226 in the Canada 2006 Census.


1982–83 Biathlon World Cup

The 1982–83 Biathlon World Cup was a multi-race tournament over a season of biathlon, organised by the UIPMB (Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne et Biathlon). The season started on 27 January 1983 in Ruhpolding, West Germany, and ended on 11 March 1983 in Holmenkollen, Norway. It was the sixth season of the Biathlon World Cup, and the first in which women were allowed to compete in their own European Cup. Though called the European Cup, participation was not restricted to Europeans.

The second World Cup round was originally going to be held in Oberhof, East Germany, but they had to cancel due to a lack of snow. The races were therefore moved to Antholz-Anterselva, Italy.

Originally the first round of the European Cup was to be held in Jáchymov, Czechoslovakia from 21 to 24 January 1983, but it was cancelled, thus the races in Lappeenranta, Finland were the only ones held.

Men's calendar
Below is the World Cup calendar for the 1982–83 season.

*The relays were technically unofficial races as they did not count towards anything in the World Cup.

Women's calendar

*The relays were technically unofficial races as they did not count towards anything in the World Cup.

World Cup Podium

Men

Women

Standings: Men

Overall

Final standings after 10 races.

Standings: Women

Overall

Final standings after 2 races.

Achievements
First World/European Cup career victory
, 23, in his 4th season — the WC 1 Individual in Ruhpolding; first podium was 1980–81 Sprint in Ruhpolding
, 23, in his 2nd season — the WC 2 Sprint in Antholz-Anterselva; it also was his first podium
, 19, in her 1st season — the EC 1 Individual in Lappeenranta; it also was her first podium
, in her 1st season — the EC 1 Sprint in Lappeenranta; it also was her first podium
, 20, in his 1st season — the WC 4 Individual in Holmenkollen; first podium was 1982–83 Sprint in Lahti
, 18, in his 1st season — the WC 4 Sprint in Holmenkollen; first podium was 1982–83 Sprint in Antholz-Anterselva

First World/European Cup podium
, 18, in his 1st season — no. 3 in the WC 2 Sprint in Antholz-Anterselva
, in her 1st season — no. 2 in the EC 1 Individual in Lappeenranta
, in her 1st season — no. 3 in the EC 1 Individual in Lappeenranta
, 22, in her 1st season — no. 2 in the EC 1 Sprint in Lappeenranta
, in her 1st season — no. 3 in the EC 1 Sprint in Lappeenranta
, 20, in his 1st season — no. 3 in the WC 3 Sprint in Lahti
, 21, in his 2nd season — no. 2 in the WC 4 Individual in Holmenkollen

Victory in this World/European Cup (all-time number of victories in parentheses)
, 3 (3) first places
, 2 (16) first places
, 2 (5) first places
, 1 (1) first place
, 1 (1) first place
, 1 (1) first place
, 1 (1) first place
, 1 (1) first place

Retirements
Following notable biathletes retired after the 1982–83 season:

Notes
1.  In the individual races here some non-World Cup racers participated. Among those was Holger Wick, he was not a World Cup racer and so did not receive any World Cup points, and for World Cup purposes Vladimir Velichkov and Johann Passler finished 9th and 10th respectively in the 20 km individual and received the appropriate World Cup points.


SG Pontebba

Sport Ghiaccio Pontebba is represented by Aquile Friuli-Venezia Giulia, the Pontebba region's flagship ice hockey team, plays its home games at the PalaVuerich arena in Pontebba, Italy and is affiliated with the local ice sports society Sport Ghiaccio Pontebba. The team is a member of the Serie A and won the 2008 Italian Cup.

Pontebba


Jimmy Doolittle

James Harold Doolittle (December 14, 1896 – September 27, 1993) was an American general and aviation pioneer. He made early coast-to-coast flights, won many flying races, and helped develop instrument flying.

Doolittle studied as an undergraduate at University of California, Berkeley, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1922 and earning a doctorate in aeronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1925. He was a flying instructor during World War I and a Reserve officer in the United States Army Air Corps, but he was recalled to active duty during World War II. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for personal valor and leadership as commander of the Doolittle Raid, a bold long-range retaliatory air raid on some of the Japanese main islands on April 18, 1942, four months after the attack on Pearl Harbor. The attack was a major morale booster for the United States, and Doolittle was celebrated as a hero.

Doolittle was promoted to lieutenant general and commanded the Twelfth Air Force over North America, the Fifteenth Air Force over the Mediterranean, and the Eighth Air Force over Europe. After World War II, he retired and left the air force but remained active in many technical fields, and was eventually promoted to general 26 years after retirement.

Early life and education
Doolittle was born in Alameda, California, and spent his youth in Nome, Alaska, where he earned a reputation as a boxer. His parents were Frank Henry Doolittle and Rosa (Rose) Cerenah Shephard. By 1910, Jimmy Doolittle was attending school in Los Angeles. When his school attended the 1910 Los Angeles International Air Meet at Dominguez Field, Doolittle saw his first airplane. He attended Los Angeles City College after graduating from Manual Arts High School in Los Angeles, and later won admission to the University of California, Berkeley where he studied in The School of Mines. He was a member of Theta Kappa Nu fraternity, which would merge into Lambda Chi Alpha during the latter stages of the Great Depression.

Doolittle took a leave of absence in October 1917 to enlist in the Signal Corps Reserve as a flying cadet; he ground trained at the School of Military Aeronautics (an Army school) on the campus of the University of California, and flight-trained at Rockwell Field, California. Doolittle received his Reserve Military Aviator rating and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Signal Officers Reserve Corps of the U.S. Army on March 11, 1918.

Military career
During World War I, Doolittle stayed in the United States as a flight instructor and performed his war service at Camp John Dick Aviation Concentration Center ("Camp Dick"), Texas; Wright Field, Ohio; Gerstner Field, Louisiana; Rockwell Field, California; Kelly Field, Texas and Eagle Pass, Texas.

Doolittle's service at Rockwell Field consisted of duty as a flight leader and gunnery instructor. At Kelly Field, he served with the 104th Aero Squadron and with the 90th Aero Squadron of the 1st Surveillance Group. His detachment of the 90th Aero Squadron was based at Eagle Pass, patrolling the Mexican border. Recommended by three officers for retention in the Air Service during demobilization at the end of the war, Doolittle qualified by examination and received a Regular Army commission as a 1st Lieutenant, Air Service, on July 1, 1920.

On May 10, 1921, he was engineering officer and pilot for an expedition recovering a plane that had force-landed in a Mexican canyon on February 10 during a transcontinental flight attempt by Lieut. Alexander Pearson. Doolittle reached the plane on May 3 and found it serviceable, then returned May 8 with a replacement motor and four mechanics. The oil pressure of the new motor was inadequate and Doolittle requested two pressure gauges, using carrier pigeons to communicate. The additional parts were dropped by air and installed, and Doolittle flew the plane to Del Rio, Texas himself, taking off from a 400-yard airstrip hacked out of the canyon floor.

Subsequently, he attended the Air Service Mechanical School at Kelly Field and the Aeronautical Engineering Course at McCook Field, Ohio. Having at last returned to complete his college degree, he earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of California, Berkeley in 1922, and joined the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity.

Doolittle was one of the most famous pilots during the inter-war period. In September 1922, he made the first of many pioneering flights, flying a de Havilland DH-4 – which was equipped with early navigational instruments – in the first cross-country flight, from Pablo Beach (now Jacksonville Beach), Florida, to Rockwell Field, San Diego, California, in 21 hours and 19 minutes, making only one refueling stop at Kelly Field. The U.S. Army awarded him the Distinguished Flying Cross.

Within days after the transcontinental flight, he was at the Air Service Engineering School (a precursor to the Air Force Institute of Technology) at McCook Field, Dayton, Ohio. For Doolittle, the school assignment had special significance: "In the early '20s, there was not complete support between the flyers and the engineers. The pilots thought the engineers were a group of people who zipped slide rules back and forth, came out with erroneous results and bad aircraft; and the engineers thought the pilots were crazy – otherwise they wouldn't be pilots. So some of us who had previous engineering training were sent to the engineering school at old McCook Field. ... After a year's training there in practical aeronautical engineering, some of us were sent on to MIT where we took advanced degrees in aeronautical engineering. I believe that the purpose was served, that there was thereafter a better understanding between pilots and engineers."

In July 1923, after serving as a test pilot and aeronautical engineer at McCook Field, Doolittle entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In March 1924, he conducted aircraft acceleration tests at McCook Field, which became the basis of his master's thesis and led to his second Distinguished Flying Cross. He received his S.M. in Aeronautics from MIT in June 1924. Because the Army had given him two years to get his degree and he had done it in just one, he immediately started working on his Sc.D. in Aeronautics, which he received in June 1925. His doctorate in aeronautical engineering was the first ever issued in the United States. He said that he considered his master's work more significant than his doctorate.

Following graduation, Doolittle attended special training in high-speed seaplanes at Naval Air Station Anacostia in Washington, D.C.. He also served with the Naval Test Board at Mitchel Field, Long Island, New York, and was a familiar figure in air speed record attempts in the New York area. He won the Schneider Cup race in a Curtiss R3C in 1925 with an average speed of 232 MPH.  For that feat, Doolittle was awarded the Mackay Trophy in 1926.

In April 1926, Doolittle was given a leave of absence to go to South America to perform demonstration flights. In Chile, he broke both ankles, but put his P-1 Hawk through aerial maneuvers with his ankles in casts. He returned to the United States, and was confined to Walter Reed Army Hospital for his injuries until April 1927. Doolittle was then assigned to McCook Field for experimental work, with additional duty as an instructor pilot to the 385th Bomb Squadron of the Air Corps Reserve. During this time, in 1927 he was the first to perform an outside loop, previously thought to be a fatal maneuver. Carried out in a Curtiss fighter at Wright Field in Ohio, Doolittle executed the dive from 10,000 feet, reached 280 miles per hour, bottomed out upside down, then climbed and completed the loop.

Instrument flight

Doolittle's most important contribution to aeronautical technology were his early contributions to instrument flying. He was the first to recognize that true operational freedom in the air could not be achieved unless pilots developed the ability to control and navigate aircraft in flight, from takeoff run to landing rollout, regardless of the range of vision from the cockpit. Doolittle was the first to envision that a pilot could be trained to use instruments to fly through fog, clouds, precipitation of all forms, darkness, or any other impediment to visibility; and in spite of the pilot's own possibly convoluted motion sense inputs. Even at this early stage, the ability to control aircraft was getting beyond the motion sense capability of the pilot. That is, as aircraft became faster and more maneuverable, pilots could become seriously disoriented without visual cues from outside the cockpit, because aircraft could move in ways that pilots' senses could not accurately decipher.

Doolittle was also the first to recognize these psycho-physiological limitations of the human senses (particularly the motion sense inputs, i.e., up, down, left, right). He initiated the study of the subtle interrelationships between the psychological effects of visual cues and motion senses. His research resulted in programs that trained pilots to read and understand navigational instruments. A pilot learned to "trust his instruments," not his senses, as visual cues and his motion sense inputs (what he sensed and "felt") could be incorrect or unreliable.

In 1929, he became the first pilot to take off, fly and land an airplane using instruments alone, without a view outside the cockpit. Having returned to Mitchel Field that September, he assisted in the development of fog flying equipment. He helped develop, and was then the first to test, the now universally used artificial horizon and directional gyroscope. He attracted wide newspaper attention with this feat of "blind" flying and later received the Harmon Trophy for conducting the experiments. These accomplishments made all-weather airline operations practical.

Reserve status
In January 1930, he advised the Army on the construction of Floyd Bennett Field in New York City. Doolittle resigned his regular commission on February 15, 1930, and was commissioned a Major in the Air Reserve Corps a month later, being named manager of the Aviation Department of Shell Oil Company, in which capacity he conducted numerous aviation tests. While in the Reserve, he also returned to temporary active duty with the Army frequently to conduct tests.

Doolittle helped influence Shell Oil Company to produce the first quantities of 100 octane aviation gasoline. High octane fuel was crucial to the high-performance planes that were developed in the late 1930s.

In 1931, Doolittle won the first Bendix Trophy race from Burbank, California, to Cleveland, in a Laird Super Solution biplane.

In 1932, Doolittle set the world's high speed record for land planes at 296 miles per hour in the Shell Speed Dash. Later, he took the Thompson Trophy race at Cleveland in the notorious Gee Bee R-1 racer with a speed averaging 252 miles per hour. After having won the three big air racing trophies of the time, the Schneider, Bendix, and Thompson, he officially retired from air racing stating, "I have yet to hear anyone engaged in this work dying of old age."

In April 1934, Doolittle was selected to be a member of the Baker Board. Chaired by former Secretary of War Newton D. Baker, the board was convened during the Air Mail scandal to study Air Corps organization. In 1940, he became president of the Institute of Aeronautical Science.

Doolittle returned to active duty in the U.S. Army Air Corps on July 1, 1940 with rank of Major. He was assigned as the assistant district supervisor of the Central Air Corps Procurement District at Indianapolis, and Detroit, where he worked with large auto manufacturers on the conversion of their plants for production of planes. The following August, he went to England as a member of a special mission and brought back information about other countries' air forces and military build-ups.

Doolittle Raid

Following the reorganization of the Army Air Corps into the USAAF in June 1941, Doolittle was promoted to lieutenant colonel on January 2, 1942, and assigned to Army Air Forces Headquarters to plan the first retaliatory air raid on the Japanese homeland following the attack on Pearl Harbor. He volunteered for and received General H.H. Arnold's approval to lead the top secret attack of 16 B-25 medium bombers from the aircraft carrier , with targets in Tokyo, Kobe, Yokohama, Osaka and Nagoya.

After training at Eglin Field and Wagner Field in northwest Florida, Doolittle, his aircraft and volunteer flight crews proceeded to McClellan Field, California for aircraft modifications at the Sacramento Air Depot, followed by a short final flight to Naval Air Station Alameda, California for embarkation aboard the aircraft carrier USS Hornet. On April 18, Doolittle and his 16 B-25 crews took off from the Hornet, reached Japan, and bombed their targets. Fifteen of the planes then headed for their recovery airfield in China, while one crew chose to land in Russia due to their bomber's unusually high fuel consumption. As did most of the other crewmen who participated in the one-way mission, Doolittle and his crew bailed out safely over China when their B-25 ran out of fuel. By then, they had been flying for about 12 hours, it was nighttime, the weather was stormy, and Doolittle was unable to locate their landing field. Doolittle came down in a rice paddy (saving a previously injured ankle from breaking) near Chuchow (Quzhou). He and his crew linked up after the bailout and were helped through Japanese lines by Chinese guerrillas and American missionary John Birch. Other aircrews were not so fortunate, although most eventually reached safety with the help of friendly Chinese. Seven crew members lost their lives, four as a result of being captured and murdered by the Japanese  and three due to an aircraft crash or while parachuting. Doolittle thought he would be court martialed due to having to launch the raid ahead of schedule after being spotted by Japanese patrol boats and the loss of all the aircraft.

Doolittle went on to fly more combat missions as commander of the 12th Air Force in North Africa, for which he was awarded four Air Medals. He later  commanded the 12th, 15th and 8th Air Forces in Europe.  The other surviving members of the Doolittle raid also went on to new assignments.

Doolittle received the Medal of Honor from President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the White House for planning and leading his raid on Japan. His citation reads: "For conspicuous leadership above and beyond the call of duty, involving personal valor and intrepidity at an extreme hazard to life. With the apparent certainty of being forced to land in enemy territory or to perish at sea, Lt. Col. Doolittle personally led a squadron of Army bombers, manned by volunteer crews, in a highly destructive raid on the Japanese mainland." He was also promoted to brigadier general.

The Doolittle Raid is viewed by historians as a major morale-building victory for the United States. Although the damage done to Japanese war industry was minor, the raid showed the Japanese that their homeland was vulnerable to air attack, and forced them to withdraw several front-line fighter units from Pacific war zones for homeland defense. More significantly, Japanese commanders considered the raid deeply embarrassing, and their attempt to close the perceived gap in their Pacific defense perimeter led directly to the decisive American victory at the Battle of Midway in June 1942.

When asked from where the Tokyo raid was launched, President Roosevelt coyly said its base was Shangri-La, a fictional paradise from the popular novel Lost Horizon. In the same vein, the U.S. Navy named one of its Essex-class fleet carriers the .

World War II, post-raid

In July 1942, as a brigadier general—he had been promoted by two grades on the day after the Tokyo attack, bypassing the rank of full colonel—Doolittle was assigned to the nascent Eighth Air Force. This followed his rejection by General Douglas MacArthur as commander of the South West Pacific Area to replace Major General George Brett. Major General Frank Andrews first turned down the position, and, offered a choice between George Kenney and Doolittle, MacArthur chose Kenney. In September, Doolittle became commanding general of the Twelfth Air Force, soon to be operating in North Africa. He was promoted to major general in November 1942, and in March 1943 became commanding general of the Northwest African Strategic Air Force, a unified command of U.S. Army Air Force and Royal Air Force units. In September, he commanded a raid against the Italian town of Battipaglia that was so thorough in its destruction that General Carl Andrew Spaatz sent him a joking message: "You're slipping Jimmy. There's one crabapple tree and one stable still standing."

Maj. Gen. Doolittle took command of the Fifteenth Air Force in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations in November 1943. On June 10, he flew as co-pilot with Jack Sims, fellow Tokyo Raider, in a B-26 Marauder of the 320th Bombardment Group, 442nd Bombardment Squadron on a mission to attack gun emplacements at Pantelleria. Doolittle continued to fly, despite the risk of capture, while being privy to the Ultra secret, which was that the German encryption systems had been broken by the British. From January 1944 to September 1945, he held his largest command, the Eighth Air Force (8 AF) in England as a lieutenant general, his promotion date being March 13, 1944 and the highest rank ever held by an active reserve officer in modern times.

Doolittle's breakthrough in fighter tactics

Doolittle's major influence on the European air war occurred late in 1943 when he changed the policy requiring escorting fighters to remain with their bombers at all times, allowing fighter escorts to fly far ahead of the bombers' combat box formations in air supremacy mode. Throughout most of 1944, this tactic negated the effectiveness of the twin-engined Zerstörergeschwader heavy fighter wings and single-engined Sturmgruppen of heavily armed Fw 190As by clearing the Luftwaffe's bomber destroyers from ahead of the bomber formations. After the bombers had hit their targets, the American fighters were free to strafe German airfields and transportation on their return to base. These tasks were initially performed with Lockheed P-38 Lightnings and Republic P-47 Thunderbolts through the end of 1943. They were progressively replaced with the long-ranged North American P-51 Mustangs as the spring of 1944 wore on.

Post-VE Day

After the end of war on Europe, the Eighth Air Force was re-equipped with B-29 Superfortress bombers and started to relocate to Okinawa in southern Japan. Two bomb groups had begun to arrive on August 7. However, the 8th was not scheduled to be at full strength until February 1946 and Doolittle declined to rush 8th Air Force units into combat saying that "If the war is over, I will not risk one airplane nor a single bomber crew member just to be able to say the 8th Air Force had operated against the Japanese in Asia."

Postwar

Doolittle Board

Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson asked Doolittle on March 27, 1946 to head a commission on the relationships between officers and enlisted men in the Army called the "Doolittle Board" or the "GI Gripes Board". The Army implemented many of the board's recommendations for the postwar volunteer Army, though many professional officers and noncommissioned officers thought that the Board "destroyed the discipline of the Army". Columnist Hanson Baldwin said that the Doolittle Board "caused severe damage to service effectiveness by recommendations intended to 'democratize' the Army—a concept that is self-contradictory".

U.S. space program

Doolittle became acquainted with the field of space science in its infancy. He wrote in his autobiography, "I became interested in rocket development in the 1930s when I met Robert H. Goddard, who laid the foundation [in the US]. ... While with Shell [Oil] I worked with him on the development of a type of [rocket] fuel. ... " Harry Guggenheim, whose foundation sponsored Goddard's work, and Charles Lindbergh, who encouraged Goddard's efforts, arranged for (then Major) Doolittle to discuss with Goddard a special blend of gasoline. Doolittle piloted himself to Roswell, New Mexico in October 1938 and was given a tour of Goddard's workshop and a "short course" in rocketry and space travel. He then wrote a memo, including a rather detailed description of Goddard's rocket. In closing he said, "interplanetary transportation is probably a dream of the very distant future, but with the moon only a quarter of a million miles away—who knows!" In July 1941 he wrote Goddard that he was still interested in rocket propulsion research. The Army, however, was interested only in JATO at this point. Doolittle was concerned about the state of rocketry in the US and remained in touch with Goddard.

Shortly after World War II, Doolittle spoke to an American Rocket Society conference at which a large number interested in rocketry attended. The topic was Robert Goddard's work. He later stated that at that time "... we [the aeronautics field in the US] had not given much credence to the tremendous potential of rocketry.

In 1956, he was appointed chairman of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) because the previous chairman, Jerome C. Hunsaker, thought Doolittle to be more sympathetic to the rocket, which was increasing in importance as a scientific tool as well as a weapon. The NACA Special Committee on Space Technology was organized in January 1958 and chaired by Guy Stever to determine the requirements of a national space program and what additions were needed to NACA technology. Doolittle, Dr. Hugh Dryden and Stever selected committee members, such as Dr. Wernher von Braun from the Army Ballistic Missile Agency, Sam Hoffman of Rocketdyne, Abe Hyatt of the Office of Naval Research and Colonel Norman Appold from the USAF missile program, considering their potential contributions to US space programs and ability to educate NACA people in space science.

Reserve status

On 5 January 1946, Doolittle reverted to inactive reserve status in the Army Air Forces in the grade of lieutenant general, a rarity in those days when nearly all other reserve officers were limited to the rank of major general or rear admiral, a restriction that would not end in the US armed forces until the 21st century. He retired from the United States Army on 10 May 1946. On 18 September 1947, his reserve commission as a general officer was transferred to the newly established United States Air Force. Doolittle returned to Shell Oil as a vice president, and later as a director.

In the summer of 1946, Doolittle went to Stockholm where he was consulted about the "ghost rockets" that had been observed over Scandinavia.

In 1947, Doolittle also became the first president of the Air Force Association, an organization which he helped create.

In 1948, Doolittle advocated the desegregation of the US military. "I am convinced", emphasized Doolittle, "that the solution to the situation is to forget that they are colored." Industry was in the process of integrating, Doolittle said, "and it is going to be forced on the military. You are merely postponing the inevitable and you might as well take it gracefully."

In March 1951, Doolittle was appointed a special assistant to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, serving as a civilian in scientific matters which led to Air Force ballistic missile and space programs. In 1952, following a string of three air crashes in two months at Elizabeth, New Jersey, the President of the United States, Harry S. Truman, appointed him to lead a presidential commission examining the safety of urban airports. The report "Airports and Their Neighbors" led to zoning requirements for buildings near approaches, early noise control requirements, and initial work on "super airports" with 10,000 ft runways, suited to 150 ton aircraft.

Doolittle was appointed a life member of the MIT Corporation, the university's board of trustees, an uncommon permanent appointment, and served as an MIT Corporation Member for 40 years.

In 1954, President Dwight D. Eisenhower asked Doolittle to perform a study of the Central Intelligence Agency; The resulting work was known as the Doolittle Report, 1954, and was classified for a number of years.

In January 1956, Eisenhower asked Doolittle to serve as a member on the first edition of the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities which, years later, would become known as the President's Intelligence Advisory Board.

From 1957 to 1958, he was chairman of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA).  This period was during the events of Sputnik, Vanguard and Explorer.  He was the last person to hold this position, as the NACA was superseded by NASA.  Doolittle was offered the job of being the first administrator of NASA, but he turned it down.

Doolittle retired from Air Force Reserve duty on February 28, 1959. He remained active in other capacities, including chairman of the board of TRW Space Technology Laboratories.

In 1972, Doolittle received the Tony Jannus Award for his distinguished contributions to commercial aviation, in recognition of the development of instrument flight.

On April 4, 1985, the U.S. Congress promoted Doolittle to the rank of full four-star general (O-10) on the U.S. Air Force retired list. In a later ceremony, President Ronald Reagan and U.S. Senator and retired Air Force Reserve Major General Barry Goldwater pinned on Doolittle's four-star insignia.

In addition to his Medal of Honor for the Tokyo raid, Doolittle received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, two Distinguished Service Medals, the Silver Star, three Distinguished Flying Crosses, the Bronze Star Medal, four Air Medals, and decorations from Belgium, China, Ecuador, France, Great Britain, and Poland. He was the first American to be awarded both the Medal of Honor and the Medal of Freedom. Doolittle also was awarded the Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 1959. In 1983, he was awarded the United States Military Academy's Sylvanus Thayer Award. He was inducted in the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America as the only member of the air racing category in the inaugural class of 1989, and into the Aerospace Walk of Honor in the inaugural class of 1990. The headquarters of the United States Air Force Academy Association of Graduates (AOG) on the grounds of the United States Air Force Academy is named Doolittle Hall.

On May 9, 2007, The new 12th Air Force Combined Air Operations Center (CAOC), Building 74, at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base in Tucson, Arizona, was named in his honor as the "General James H. Doolittle Center".  Several surviving members of the Doolittle Raid were in attendance during the ribbon cutting ceremony.

Personal life

Doolittle married Josephine "Joe" E. Daniels on December 24, 1917. At a dinner celebration after Jimmy Doolittle's first all-instrument flight in 1929, Josephine Doolittle asked her guests to sign her white damask tablecloth. Later, she embroidered the names in black. She continued this tradition, collecting hundreds of signatures from the aviation world. The tablecloth was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. Married for over 70 years, Josephine Doolittle died in 1988, five years before her husband.

The Doolittles had two sons, James Jr., and John. Both became military officers and pilots. James Jr. was an A-26 Invader pilot in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II and later a fighter pilot in the U.S. Air Force in the late 1940s through the late 1950s. He died by suicide at the age of thirty-eight in 1958. At the time of his death, James Jr. was a Major and commander of the 524th Fighter-Bomber Squadron, piloting the F-101 Voodoo.

His other son, John P. Doolittle, retired from the Air Force as a Colonel, and his grandson, Colonel James H. Doolittle III, was the vice commander of the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base, California.

James H. "Jimmy" Doolittle died at the age of 96 in Pebble Beach, California on September 27, 1993, and is buried at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, near Washington, D.C., next to his wife. In his honor at the funeral, there was also a flyover of Miss Mitchell, a lone B-25 Mitchell, and USAF Eighth Air Force bombers from Barksdale Air Force Base, Louisiana.  After a brief graveside service, fellow Doolittle Raider Bill Bower began the final tribute on the bugle. When emotion took over, Doolittle's great-grandson, Paul Dean Crane, Jr., played Taps.

Doolittle was initiated to the Scottish Rite Freemasonry, where he took the 33rd degree, becoming also a Shriner.

Dates of military rank

Military and civilian awards
Doolittle's military and civilian decorations include the following:

Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Brigadier General, U.S. Army Air Corps
Place and date: Over Japan
Entered service at: Berkley, Calif.
Birth: Alameda, Calif.
G.O. No.: 29, 9 June 1942

Citation:For conspicuous leadership above the call of duty, involving personal valor and intrepidity at an extreme hazard to life. With the apparent certainty of being forced to land in enemy territory or to perish at sea, Gen. Doolittle personally led a squadron of Army bombers, manned by volunteer crews, in a highly destructive raid on the Japanese mainland.

Other awards and honors
Doolittle also received the following awards and honors:

Awards
 In 1972, he was awarded the Horatio Alger Award, which is given to those who are dedicated community leaders who demonstrate individual initiative and a commitment to excellence; as exemplified by remarkable achievements accomplished through honesty, hard work, self-reliance and perseverance over adversity. The Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, Inc. bears the name of the renowned author Horatio Alger, Jr., whose tales of overcoming adversity through unyielding perseverance and basic moral principles captivated the public in the late 19th century.
 On December 11, 1981, Doolittle was awarded Honorary Naval Aviator wings in recognition of his many years of support of military aviation by Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Thomas B. Hayward.
 In 1983, Doolittle was awarded the Sylvanus Thayer Award.

 Honors
 The city of Doolittle, Missouri, located 5 miles west of Rolla was named in his honor after World War II.
 Doolittle was invested into the Sovereign Order of Cyprus and his medallion is now on display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
 His Bolivian Order of the Condor of the Andes is in the collection of the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
 In 1967, James H. Doolittle was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame.
 Flying magazine ranked him 6th on its list of the 51 Heroes of Aviation.
 The Society of Experimental Test Pilots annually presents the James H. Doolittle Award in his memory. The award is for "outstanding accomplishment in technical management or engineering achievement in aerospace technology".
 Inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum in 1966.
 The oldest residence hall on Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University's campus, Doolittle Hall (1968), was named after General James Harold "Jimmy" Doolittle.
 He was inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1989.
 Doolittle Avenue, a residential street in Arcadia, California, is named for Jimmy Doolittle, according to a longtime resident.

In popular culture

 Spencer Tracy played Doolittle in Mervyn LeRoy's 1944 film Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo. This portrayal has received much praise.
 Alec Baldwin played Doolittle in Michael Bay's 2001 film Pearl Harbor.
 Vincent Riotta played Jimmy Doolittle in Bille August's 2017 film "The Chinese Widow" aka "The Hidden Soldier".
 Aaron Eckhart played Doolittle in Roland Emmerich's 2019 film Midway.
 Bob Clampett's 1946 cartoon Baby Bottleneck briefly portrays a dog named "Jimmy Do-quite-a-little", who invents a failed rocketship.


Hypothallus

In true slime molds, the myxogastria, the hypothallus is the layer on which the fruit body sits, lying in contact with the substrate. Roughly translated, it means "under the thallus".

The hypothallus is produced by the plasmodium at the beginning of fructification. Depending on the species, it can be membranous to thick or tender to solid and nearly transparent to brightly coloured. It may surround an individual fruit body, or may form a contiguous connection between multiple fruit bodies. In some rare cases it is missing entirely.

In some taxa the hypothallus may be involved in the formation of the fruit body. In the "epihypothallic" Stemonitida, the hypothallus forms hollow, tubular stems and a columella, up which the remaining plasmodium then rises, producing the spores. In all other myxogastria "subhypothallic" development takes place. Here, the hypothallus produces a layer on the plasmodium, which creates the rooms of the single fruit bodies during fructification. As the surrounding plasmodium flows in the fruit body, the hypothallus will lie directly on the substrate, shrinking and creating the edge of the mature fruit body. Here, the hypothallus is part of a morphological unit with peridium and stem, which serves as a membranous surface of the whole structure with the spores. Epihypothaly is an autapomorphy of the stemonitida and is, in comparison to subhypothaly, a primitive feature.


Margaret Levi

Margaret Levi (born 1947) is an American political scientist and author, noted for her work in comparative political economy, labor politics, and democratic theory, notably on the origins and effects of trustworthy government.

She is the Sara Miller McCune Director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (CASBS) at Stanford and Professor of Political Science, Stanford University, and Jere L. Bacharach Professor Emerita of International Studies in the Department of Political Science at the University of Washington. She has been a Senior Fellow at the Watson Institute for International Studies, Brown University. She held the Chair in Politics, United States Studies Centre at the University of Sydney, 2009–13. At the University of Washington she was director of the CHAOS (Comparative Historical Analysis of Organizations and States) Center and formerly the Harry Bridges Chair and Director of the Harry Bridges Center for Labor Studies.

She is the 2019 winner of the Johan Skytte Prize.

Levi's book Of Rule and Revenue (1988), a study of the institutions of state revenue production, helped pioneer rational choice approaches in comparative politics. She has since pushed rational choice analysis into new substantive areas, for example, in examining people's acceptance of military conscription in Consent, Dissent, and Patriotism (1997).

She is also the co-author of Analytic Narratives (Princeton University Press, 1998)  Cooperation Without Trust? (Russell Sage, 2005), and  Labor Standards in International Supply Chains (Edward Elgar, 2015). In the Interest of Others (Princeton, 2013), co-authored with John Ahlquist, explores how organizations provoke member willingness to act beyond material interest. In other work, she investigates the conditions under which people come to believe their governments are legitimate and the consequences of those beliefs for compliance, consent, and the rule of law. Her research continues to focus on how to improve the quality of government. She is also committed to understanding and improving supply chains so that the goods we consume are produced in a manner that sustains both the workers and the environment.

Levi started The Brand Responsibility Project—a research project to document the campaign and dispute settlement between Nike, Inc. and the Central General de Trabajadores of Honduras (CGT). CGT claimed that Nike was responsible for providing terminal compensation, benefits and priority rehiring for 1,800 factory employees following the 2009 bankruptcy and closure of two Honduran factories (Hugger and VisionTex) that were part of Nike's supply chain.

She earned her BA from Bryn Mawr College in 1968 and her PhD from Harvard University in 1974, the year she joined the faculty of the University of Washington. She became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2001, a John Simon Guggenheim Fellow in 2002, and a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2015. She served as president of the American Political Science Association from 2004 to 2005. In 2014 she received the William H. Riker Prize in Political Science.
She was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2018.

She was general editor of Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics and is co-general editor of the Annual Review of Political Science. Levi serves on the boards of the: Social Science Research Council (SSRC); Institute For Advanced Study in Princeton; Center for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences (CEACS) in Madrid;  Scholar and Research, Group of the World Justice Project, and Berggruen Institutes Board.  Her fellowships include the Woodrow Wilson in 1968, German Marshall in 1988–1989, and the Center for Advanced Study of the Behavioral Sciences in 1993–1994. She has lectured and been a visiting fellow at the Australian National University, the European University Institute, the Max Planck Institute in Cologne, the Juan March Institute, the Budapest Collegium, Cardiff University, Oxford University, Bergen University, and Peking University.

Levi and her husband, Robert Kaplan, are avid collectors of Australian Aboriginal art. Ancestral Modern, an exhibition drawn from their collection, was on view at the Seattle Art Museum (SAM) in 2012. Yale University Press and SAM co-published the catalogue.

Selected publications
 "In the Interest of Others: Organizations and Social Activism." 2013. Princeton University Press. (written with John Ahlquist).
"Why We Need a New Theory of Government." 2006. Perspectives on Politics 4(1): 5–19.
Cooperation without Trust? 2005. Russell Sage Foundation. (written with Karen Cook and Russell Hardin).
"Organizing Power: Prospects for the American Labor Movement." 2003. Perspectives on Politics 1(1): 45–68.
"The Economic Turn in Comparative Politics." 2000. Comparative Political Studies 33(6/7): 822–844.
"Political Trust and Trustworthiness." 2000. Annual Review of Political Science 3:475–507. (written with Laura Stoker).
Competition and Cooperation: Conversations with Nobelists about Economics and Political Science. 1999. Russell Sage Foundation. (edited with James Alt and Elinor Ostrom).
Analytic Narratives. 1998. Princeton University Press. (written with Robert Bates, Avner Greif, Jean-Laurent Rosenthal, and Barry Weingast).
Trust and Governance. 1998. Russell Sage Foundation. (edited with Valerie Braithwaite).
"Social and Unsocial Capital: A Review Essay of Robert Putnam's Making Democracy Work." Politics & Society 24(1): 45–55.
Consent, Dissent, and Patriotism. 1997. Cambridge University Press.
Marxism. 1991. Edward Elgar. (editor).
The Limits of Rationality. 1990. University of Chicago Press. (edited with Karen Cook).
Of Rule and Revenue. 1988. University of California Press.
Bureaucratic Insurgency: The Case of Police Unions. 1977. Lexington Books.


Papa Roach: Live & Murderous in Chicago

Papa Roach: Live & Murderous in Chicago is the first DVD by Californian rock band Papa Roach. It was released in the United States on November 22, 2005 and features the band performing live at The Vic Theatre in Chicago, Illinois. Extras include all of the band's music videos from their career to date, a photo gallery, and a hidden easter egg. The DVD was produced and directed by Devin DeHaven through his company, FortressDVD. The concert has also been aired on HDNet.

Bonus material
Music videos
"Last Resort"
"Broken Home"
"Between Angels and Insects"
"She Loves Me Not"
"Time and Time Again"
"Getting Away with Murder"
"Scars"
Photo gallery
Easter egg (To find, go to the audio selection screen, highlight main menu, press left and then enter.)

Personnel
 Jacoby Shaddix - lead vocals
 Jerry Horton - lead guitar, backing vocals
 Tobin Esperance - bass guitar, backing vocals
 Dave Buckner - drums, percussion


2007 Buffalo Bills season

The 2007 Buffalo Bills season was the 38th season for the team in the National Football League and their 48th season overall.

The Bills finished their 2007 season with a record of 7–9 and tied their 7–9 record in 2006, but failed to qualify for the playoffs, and continues a playoff appearance drought since the 1999–2000 season. The 8-year playoff drought became the longest such stretch in team history.

The opening game of the season was notable in that tight end Kevin Everett was injured on a kickoff. Everett sustained a fracture and dislocation of his cervical spine that his doctors characterized as "life-threatening" the day after the injury, and stated it was likely to leave him with permanent neurological impairment.  However, on September 11, 2007, Everett showed significant movement in his arms and legs, which led doctors to speculate that he might eventually be able to walk again. Indeed, Everett walked in public for the first time at Ralph Wilson Stadium before the home finale against the New York Giants on December 23, 2007.

Coaching staff
Head coach Dick Jauron entered second year with the Bills, joined by Offensive Coordinator Steve Fairchild and Defensive Coordinator Perry Fewell.

Offseason

NFL Draft

The Bills did experience varying degrees of success with their first three draft picks in the 2007 Draft. Running back Marshawn Lynch made the AFC's Pro Bowl squad in 2008; his career in Buffalo, however, was often marred by off-field issues. Paul Posluzny was a solid defender for the Bills for four seasons. Quarterback Trent Edwards became the Bills' starting quarterback in Week 3 of 2007, when starter J. P. Losman was injured by the New England Patriots' Vince Wilfork. When healthy, Edwards was the Buffalo's starting quarterback, until he was waived early in the 2010 season after a dismal start, in favor of Bills backup quarterback Ryan Fitzpatrick.

Roster

Schedule

Preseason

Regular season

Standings

Season summaries

Week 1: vs. Denver Broncos

The Bills began their 2007 campaign at home against the Denver Broncos.  In the first quarter, the Bills struck first with WR/PR Roscoe Parrish returning a punt 74 yards for a touchdown.  Then, near the end of the period, the Broncos got on the board with kicker Jason Elam getting a 21-yard field goal.  Denver went on to get the only score of the second quarter, as Elam kicked a 48-yard field goal.

On the opening kickoff for the second half, a scary injury occurred to Bills TE Kevin Everett, as he suffered a cervical spine injury.  He was carted off the field, and was rushed to Millard Fillmore Gates Hospital for an emergency surgery. It was due to the fastest application of cold ever applied to an injured spine that gave Everett a chance to walk again despite the initial grim prognosis.

In the third quarter, Buffalo struck again as rookie RB Marshawn Lynch got a 23-yard TD run.  Afterwards, the Broncos pulled within two as QB Jay Cutler completed a 5-yard TD pass to WR Brandon Marshall (followed by a failed 2-Point Conversion).  Near the end of the fourth quarter, Cutler drove his team into field goal range and with no timeouts left, Denver's special teams came on and Elam kicked the game-winning 42-yard field goal with no time left on the clock.

With the shocking loss, the Bills began the season at 0–1.

Week 2: at Pittsburgh Steelers

Hoping to rebound from a last-second home loss to the Broncos, the Bills (with TE Kevin Everett on the mind) went to Heinz Field for their Week 2 match-up against the throwback-clad Pittsburgh Steelers.  In the first half, the Bills struggled on offense while their defense only allowed three Jeff Reed field goal (a 34-yard field goal in the first quarter, along with a 28-yard and a 39-yard field goal).  In the third quarter, Buffalo got their only score of the game as kicker Rian Lindell nailed a 24-yard field goal.  For the rest of the game, the Steelers dominated, with QB Ben Roethlisberger completing a 1-yard TD pass to TE Matt Spaeth later in the period, along with RB Willie Parker getting an 11-yard TD run in the fourth quarter.

With the loss, the Bills fell to 0–2.

Week 3: at New England Patriots

Trying to snap a two-game skid, the Bills flew to Gillette Stadium for a Week 3 divisional fight with the New England Patriots.  In the first quarter, QB J. P. Losman was immediately injured on the first offensive play of the game.  He finished the series, but ended up on the bench for the rest of the game.  After New England took the lead with kicker Stephen Gostkowski's 24-yard field goal, rookie QB Trent Edwards played the rest of the game for Buffalo.  The Bills got their only score of the game as RB Marshawn Lynch got an 8-yard TD run, and a Rian Lindell extra point put the Bills ahead surprisingly 7–3.  However, in the second quarter, the Patriots were able to open up their running game when Bills rookie standout Paul Posluszny was lost due to a broken arm. This left passing lanes open, and for the rest of the game, the Patriots dominated. QB Tom Brady's 8-yard TD pass to TE Benjamin Watson and a 3-yard TD pass to WR Randy Moss made it 17–7 at the half.  In the third quarter, New England continued its conquest with Brady's 4-yard TD pass to WR Jabar Gaffney and RB Sammy Morris' 4-yard TD run.  In the fourth quarter, the Patriots ended the day with Brady and Moss hooking up with each other again on a 45-yard TD pass.

With their third-straight loss, the Bills fell to 0–3.

Week 4 vs. Jets

There were many factors that made the Bills underdogs before Week 4- an 0–3 start coming off of a demoralizing loss to the New England Patriots, a starting quarterback in Trent Edwards who was starting his very first NFL game, numerous defensive injuries of starters, and an opponent in the New York Jets that had just gotten its first win over the Miami Dolphins. Things started off well for the Bills as Edwards led the offense down into Jets territory, but a Robert Royal fumble caused by Jonathan Vilma ended a promising drive. The Jets could not get any sort of momentum from the turnover, and were forced to punt.

In the second quarter, things heated up as the Bills once again managed to gain several first downs, only to see the Jets force another turnover as a deep ball by Edwards meant for Lee Evans was intercepted by Andre Dyson. Three events late in the first half led to a flurry of big plays- Bills safety Donte Whitner tackled Jets RB Leon Washington inbounds to keep the clock running, quarterback Chad Pennington faked a spike and completed a pass to put the Jets in field goal range with a couple of seconds left, and Jets kicker Mike Nugent clanged the ball off the right upright, leaving the game scoreless at the half.

The second half saw the Bills take the lead on a 10-yard run by Marshawn Lynch, his second of the year. It was all set up by Edwards going 4 for 4 on the drive. The Jets tied it at 7 on an inspired drive by Pennington, who found Laveranues Coles in the end zone for a touchdown.

The fourth quarter saw the Bills take advantage of the Jets when reserve defensive back Jabari Greer intercepted Pennington. The Bills cashed in as Edwards found reserve tight end Michael Gaines on a bootleg 4th down play at the Jets 1-yard line, and once again the Bills got more points when kicker Rian Lindell kicked a 46-yard field goal to make it 17–7. The Jets came right back with points of their own as Leon Washington rambled in to cut the lead to 17–14. After a Buffalo punt with less than 2 minutes remaining, the Jets failed to score as a forced pass by Pennington with 6 seconds left ended up in the acrobatic arms of Terrence McGee, preserving the 17–14 victory. The Bills took over second place in the AFC East at 1–3 because of the win, while the Jets fell to 1–3.

Week 5: vs. Dallas Cowboys

Coming off their divisional home win over the Jets, the Bills stayed at home, donned their throwback uniforms, and played their first home Monday Night football game in 13 years against the undefeated Dallas Cowboys.  In the first quarter, Buffalo got off to a fast start with DB George Wilson returning an interception 25-yard for a touchdown, along with the only score of the period.  In the second quarter, the Cowboys tied the game with QB Tony Romo completing a 22-yard TD pass to TE Jason Witten.  Afterwards, Buffalo increased its lead with kicker Rian Lindell getting a 24-yard field goal, along with DE Chris Kelsay intercepting a Romo pass in the endzone for a touchdown.  Dallas ended the half with kicker Nick Folk getting a 47-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, Dallas drew closer with Folk kicking a 29-yard field goal.  The Bills immediately responded with CB Terrence McGee returning a kickoff 102 yards for a touchdown.  The Bills led 24–13 until 3:46 left in the fourth quarter, when the Cowboys got within 8 points with Folk getting a 37-yard field goal.  From there, things began to look grim for Buffalo as a Trent Edwards interception eventually turned into Romo's 4-yard TD pass to WR Patrick Crayton. The two-point conversion was no good, but Dallas got a successful onside kick.  With only 3 seconds left, Folk came out for a 53-yard field goal.  The first try was good, yet it was negated with Head Coach Dick Jauron calling time out (repeating a move done by both the Denver Broncos in week 2 and the Oakland Raiders in week 3).  However, the technique that worked for Denver and Oakland for this year failed as Folk got the game-winning 53-yard field goal as time ran out, despite the Bills defense getting 6 turnovers from Romo (5 interceptions and 1 fumble).

With the heart-breaking loss, the Bills entered their bye week at 1–4.

Week 7: vs. Baltimore Ravens

Coming off their bye week, the Bills stayed at home for a fierce Week 7 intraconference duel with the Baltimore Ravens.  This match-up was notable for RB Willis McGahee heading back to Buffalo to play against his former team.

In the first quarter, the Bills got the first blood with kicker Rian Lindell getting a 29-yard field goal for the only score of the period.  In the second quarter, Buffalo increased its lead with Lindell nailing a 26-yard and a 35-yard field goal.  In the third quarter, the Ravens began to climb back into the game with McGahee getting a 46-yard TD run.  The Bills responded with Lindell getting a 41-yard field goal, along with McGahee's successor, RB Marshawn Lynch, getting a 1-yard TD run.  In the fourth quarter, Baltimore drew closer as QB Kyle Boller completed a 15-yard TD pass to WR Derrick Mason.  Buffalo managed to hold on for the victory.

With the win, the Bills improved to 2–4.

Week 8: at New York Jets

Coming off their impressive home win over the Ravens, the Bills flew to The Meadowlands for an AFC East rematch with the New York Jets.  In the first quarter, Buffalo busted out early with kicker Rian Lindell getting a 30-yard field goal for the only score of the period.  In the second quarter, New York tied the game with kicker Mike Nugent getting a 27-yard field goal for the only score of the period.

During a scoreless third quarter, the Bills' starting QB (rookie Trent Edwards-14/21 for 130 yards and 1 interception) had to leave the game with a sprained right wrist, forcing a fully healed J. P. Losman into the game.  In the fourth quarter, Buffalo took control with Lindell nailing a 40-yard field goal, along with Losman's 85-yard TD pass to WR Lee Evans.

With the win, not only did Buffalo improve to 3–4, but they also swept the Jets for the first time since 1997.

Week 9: vs. Cincinnati Bengals

Coming off a season-sweeping road win over the Jets, the Bills went home for a Week 9 intraconference duel with the Cincinnati Bengals.  with rookie QB Trent Edwards out for a sore right wrist, J. P. Losman got the chance to reclaim his starting job.

In the first quarter, Buffalo drew first blood with Losman completing an 8-yard TD pass to WR Lee Evans that was initially ruled incomplete.  The Bengals responded with QB Carson Palmer completing a 15-yard TD pass to WR T. J. Houshmandzadeh.  In the second quarter, the Bills went back into the lead with kicker Rian Lindell getting a 23-yard field goal.  However, Cincinnati immediately responded with WR/KR Glenn Holt returning the kickoff 100 yards for a touchdown.  Buffalo ended the half with Lindell kicking a 21-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Bills went back to work with Lindell getting a 21-yard field goal.  However, the Bengals answered with Palmer completing a 1-yard TD pass to FB Jeremi Johnson.  In the fourth quarter, Buffalo began its final assault with Lindell nailing a 38-yard field goal.  Afterwards, rookie RB Marshawn Lynch was a key player as he threw an 8-yard TD pass to TE Robert Royal on a trick play, along with getting his best run of the year with a 56-yard TD run.

With the win, not only did the Bills improve to 4–4, but they have won three-straight games for the first time since 2004.

Losman ended the day completing 24 out of 34 passes for 295 yards with a touchdown and an interception.  Meanwhile, Lynch finally managed to get not only his first 100-yard game, but also his first 150-yard game.  He ended the day with 29 carries for 153 yards and a touchdown, along with his touchdown pass.

Week 10: at Miami Dolphins

Coming off an impressive home win over the Bengals, the Bills flew to Dolphin Stadium for an AFC East duel with the winless Miami Dolphins.  In the first quarter, Buffalo trailed early as Dolphins kicker Jay Feely managed to get a 38-yard field goal for the only score of the half.  In the third quarter, the Bills began their comeback as DE Chris Kelsay sacked Miami QB Cleo Lemon in the endzone for a safety.  However, the Dolphins respond with Lemon getting a 5-yard TD run.  In the fourth quarter, Buffalo took control as rookie RB Marshawn Lynch got a 3-yard TD run, along with getting a 2-point conversion run to tie the game.  Later in the game, kicker Rian Lindell sealed Miami's fate as he nailed the game-winning 34-yard field goal.

With their fourth-straight win, the Bills improved to 5–4, while Miami remains winless at 0–9.

This win gave Buffalo their first four-game winning streak for the first time since 2004.

Week 11: vs. New England Patriots

Coming off their close victory over the winless Dolphins, the Bills went home to play the 9–0 New England Patriots, coming off their bye week. The game had just started when Randall Gay picked off J. P. Losman, which led to the Patriots first touchdown, a 6-yard run up the middle by Laurence Maroney. After a Brian Moorman punt, the Patriots scored again, this time on a 43-yard pass from Tom Brady to Randy Moss, with Moss' touchdown breaking the record for most touchdowns by a Patriots receiver in a single season. However, the Bills answered with a 47-yard touchdown pass of their own from Losman to Roscoe Parrish, to cut the lead to 14–7, which was the score at the end of the first quarter.

However, on the first play of the 2nd quarter, Brady hit Moss again for a touchdown from 16 yards out to give them a two score lead again. Seven minutes later, Brady threw his third touchdown of the game, again to Moss. Moss and Brady hooked up for one final touchdown in the first half when Brady hit Moss with only ten seconds left in the first half, giving the Patriots a 35–7 lead at the half.

In the second half, the Patriots added to their lead when, on a 4th down from the 6, Brady hit Benjamin Watson to put the Patriots over 40 points for the fourth time in 2007. The Bills could only muster up a 52-yard field goal by Rian Lindell.

In the 4th quarter, with Maroney out of the game, Kyle Eckel scored a 1-yard touchdown to cap off their final touchdown drive of the night. A minute after the score, Ellis Hobbs recovered a Buffalo fumble and scored from 35-yards out to finish the scoring at 56–10, a season-high for the Patriots, and the most points scored by a road team since 1976, when the Atlanta Falcons put up 62 on the New Orleans Saints. Matt Cassel relieved Brady and finished off the rout for the Patriots. At game's end, New England went over 400 points scored on the season.

With the loss, Buffalo fell to 5–5.

Week 12: at Jacksonville Jaguars

Hoping to rebound from their humiliating home loss to the Patriots, the Bills flew to Jacksonville Municipal Stadium for a Week 12 duel with the Jacksonville Jaguars.  For QB J. P. Losman, he was playing to keep his starting job.

In the first quarter, Buffalo trailed early as Jaguars RB Fred Taylor got a 50-yard TD run, along with kicker Josh Scobee getting a 46-yard field goal.  In the second quarter, Jacksonville increased its lead with Scobee kicking a 33-yard field goal.  The Bills managed to get on the board with Losman's 10-yard TD pass to RB Anthony Thomas.  The Jaguars ended the half with Scobee getting a 22-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, Jacksonville increased its lead with Scobee kicking a 23-yard field goal. Buffalo managed to respond with WR Roscoe Parrish getting a 24-yard TD run on a reverse.  However, in the fourth quarter, the Jaguars took control for the rest of the game as Scobee nailed a 20-yard field goal, QB David Garrard completing a 59-yard TD pass to WR Reggie Williams, and RB Maurice Jones-Drew getting a 17-yard TD run.

With the loss, the Bills fell to 5–6.

Week 13: at Washington Redskins

Trying to snap a two-game losing skid, the Bills flew to FedExField for a Week 13 interconference duel with an emotionally charged Washington Redskins. Before the kickoff, the stadium held a memorial service for Sean Taylor, as well as all players across the NFL wearing a #21 sticker on the back of their helmets.

Due to the recent poor play of QB J. P. Losman, rookie QB Trent Edwards once again got the start.

In the first quarter, Buffalo trailed early as Redskins kicker Shaun Suisham managed to get a 27-yard field goal for the only score of the period.  In the second quarter, the Bills continued to trail as Suisham kicked a 28-yard field goal.  Afterwards, Buffalo got on the board as LB Angelo Crowell sacked Washington QB Jason Campbell in his own endzone for a safety.  The Redskins ended the half with Suisham getting a 33-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Bills started to reply as kicker Rian Lindell got a 38-yard field goal, yet Washington replied with RB Clinton Portis getting a 3-yard TD run.  Buffalo closed out the period with Lindell kicking a 43-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, Buffalo drew closer as Lindell kicked a 24-yarder, followed by a 33-yard field goal.  On the Bills final drive, Lindell managed to set up for a 51-yard field goal.  The first try was good, but Redskins Head Coach Joe Gibbs called time out.  After the first time out, Gibbs tried to call a second time out, which led to them getting called for unsportsmanlike conduct and the Bills moved 15 yards closer to the end zone, which reduced Lindell's field goal to 36 yards.  In the end, Lindell managed to nail the game-winning 36-yard field goal, squeaking a last second win in the dying seconds of the game.

With the win, Buffalo snapped a two-game losing streak and improved to 6–6.

Week 14: vs. Miami Dolphins

Coming off their road win over the Redskins, the Bills went home, donned their throwbacks again, and played a Week 14 AFC East rematch with the still-winless Miami Dolphins.  In the first quarter, Buffalo drew first blood with rookie QB Trent Edwards completing a 13-yard TD pass and a 28-yard TD pass to TE Robert Royal.  Afterwards, the Bills continued their early pounding as Safety George Wilson returned a fumble 20 yards for a touchdown.  The Dolphins got on the board with RB Samkon Gado getting a 12-yard TD run, yet Buffalo answered with kicker Rian Lindell getting a 51-yard field goal, setting a new Buffalo Bills record for 18 consecutive field goals (beating Steve Christie's old record of 17; Lindell later missed wide left from 46 yards away).  In the second quarter, the Bills continued their domination with Edwards completing a 9-yard TD pass to WR Lee Evans for the only score of the period.

In the third quarter, Miami tried to rally as Gado got a 20-yard TD run, while kicker Jay Feely nailed a 41-yard field goal.  In the fourth quarter, Buffalo put the game away as Edwards hooked up with Evans again on a 70-yard TD pass to secure a season sweep.

With the win, the Bills improved to 7–6.

Buffalo's 24 first-quarter points became their most since 1992.

Week 15: at Cleveland Browns

Coming off their dominating win over the Dolphins, the Bills flew to Cleveland Browns Stadium for a Week 15 intraconference duel with the Cleveland Browns in a race for the wild card.  The game was played under horrible weather conditions with heavy lake effect snow falling throughout the game making it difficult for either team to move the ball offensively.  In the first quarter, Buffalo trailed early as Browns kicker Phil Dawson managed to get a 35-yard field goal for the only score of the period.  In the second quarter, the Bills continued to trail as LS Ryan Neill's snap to Punter Brian Moorman went over Moorman's head, causing him to kick the ball through his endzone for a Cleveland safety.  Later, the Browns increased their lead with Dawson just managing to nail a 49-yard field goal.  Near the end of the game, Buffalo managed to get deep into Cleveland territory.  However, the Browns' defense proved to be too much to overcome.

With their first shutout loss since 2003, not only did the Bills fall to 7–7, but it also knocked them out of the playoff race.

Week 16: vs. New York Giants

Hoping to rebound from their road loss to the Browns, the Bills went home for their last home game of the season as they hosted a Week 16 interconference duel against the New York Giants.  In the first quarter, Buffalo got off to a fast start as rookie QB Trent Edwards completed a 3-yard TD pass to TE Michael Gaines and a 4-yard TD pass to WR Lee Evans.  In the second quarter, the Giants took the lead with RB Brandon Jacobs getting a 6-yard and a 43-yard TD run, along with kicker Lawrence Tynes getting a 42-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Bills regained the lead with rookie RB Marshawn Lynch getting a 3-yard TD run for the only score of the period.  However, in the fourth quarter, New York pulled away as LB Kawika Mitchell returning an interception 30 yards for a touchdown, RB Ahmad Bradshaw getting an 88-yard TD run, and CB Corey Webster returning an interception 34 yards for a touchdown.

With the loss, Buffalo fell to 7–8.

Week 17: at Philadelphia Eagles

Hoping to end their season on a high note, the Bills flew to Lincoln Financial Field for a Week 17 interconference duel with the Philadelphia Eagles.  In the first quarter, Buffalo trailed early as Eagles QB Donovan McNabb completed a 2-yard TD pass to TE Brent Celek for the only score of the period.  In the second quarter, Buffalo got on the board with kicker Rian Lindell getting a 29-yard field goal.  Philadelphia ended the half with kicker David Akers getting a 38-yard field goal.

In the third quarter, the Bills replied with Lindell kicking a 23-yard field goal.  However, the Eagles increased their lead with WR Kevin Curtis recovering a fumble in the endzone for a touchdown.  Buffalo answered with Lindell nailing a 22-yard field goal, but Philadelphia held on for the rest of the game.

With the loss, Buffalo ended its season at 7–9, tying its record from last season.