Frédéric Havas

Frédéric Havas (born May 17, 1973) is a retired volleyball player from France, born in Kaolack, Senegal, who earned a total number of 138 caps for the Men's National Team.

International Competitions
1999 – World League (7th place)
1999 – European Championship (6th place)
2000 – World League (7th place)


Mohammad Hussein Tajik

Mohammad Hussein Tajik was the former commander of the Iranian Cyber Army, and a member of the Quds Force. He was detained and tortured following allegations that he leaked information to the Iranian Green Movement. He is believed to have been assassinated in his home.


Northern Shoshone

Northern Shoshone are Shoshone of the Snake River Plain of southern Idaho and the northeast of the Great Basin where Idaho, Wyoming and Utah meet. They are culturally affiliated with the Bannock people and are in the  Great Basin classification of Indigenous People.

Language
Northern Shoshone is a dialect of the Shoshone language, a Central Numic language in the Uto-Aztecan language family. It is primarily spoken on the Fort Hall and Wind River reservations in Idaho and Wyoming, respectively.

Bands
Bands of Shoshone people were named for their geographic homelands and for their primary foodsources.

Mountain Shoshone bands:
 Agaideka or Agai-deka (Akaitikka, Salmon Eaters, Lemhi Shoshone, living on the middle and lower Snake River and in the Lemhi River Valley, Lemhi Range and Beaverhead Mountains in Idaho, originally following the same lifeway as the Tukudeka. After acquiring horses in the eighteenth century, they adopted a Plains style and went on buffalo hunts. They were also called Kuccuntikka or Kuchun-deka (Guchundeka, Kutsindüka, Buffalo Eaters)
 Tukudeka or Tuku-deka (Tukkutikka, Dukundeka), Sheep Eaters, Mountain Sheep Eaters, living along the Salmon River, Salmon River Mountains, in the Sawtooth Valley surrounded by the Sawtooth Range, upper Payette River, in the Bitterroot Mountains and Beaverhead Mountains in Idaho, and in the Wind River Range in western Wyoming. They also traveled north toward the upper Beaverhead drainage. and the upper Yellowstone River in northern Wyoming and southern Montana. The Tukkutikka bands living in the Wind River Range and the Yellowstone River region settled with the main body of Eastern Shoshone onto the Wind River Reservation in Wyoming. Later the Tukkutikka bands living in the Yellowstone River region settled with the main body of Eastern Shoshone onto the Wind River Reservation. The majority joined the Northern Shoshone as part of the Lemhi Shoshone. These were also known as Doyahinee (Mountain people) or Banaiti Doyanee(Bannock Mountaineers, because of great intermarriage with Bannock people).

Northwestern Shoshone bands:
 Kammitikka, Kamu-deka or Kamodika (Jack Rabbit Eaters, Black Tailed Rabbit Eaters, Bannock Creek Shoshone), Snake River, Great Salt Lake living from a base on Bannock Creek and Arbon Valley, they claimed lands extending from Raft River to the Portneuf River and Portneuf Range in northern Utah and southern Idaho. Their territory took in part of the Fort Hall Reservation when it was established in 1867. In 1873, the three major Bannock Creek bands (Chief Pocatello, with 101 people; San Pitch, with 124; and Sagwitch, with 158) moved to the reservation at Fort Hall. A small group went to Wind River; possibly synonymous with Hukundüka or Hukan-deka (Porcupine Grass Seed Eaters, Wild Wheat Eaters).
 Painkwitikka or Pengwideka (Penkwitikka, Fish Eaters, Bear Lake Shoshone), ranged from McCammon to Bear Lake along the Bear River and Logan River in the border region between Idaho and Utah, and on over to the continental divide, they lived generally north of the Cache Valley Shoshone band.
 Cache Valley Shoshone was a band of Eastern Shoshoni ranged into Idaho and Utah with their major base in Cache Valley - called in Shoshone Seuhubeogoi - ″Willow Valley″ - and on the lower reaches of Bear River not far from the later Wyoming border. They were practically wiped out at the Bear River Massacre (Battle of Bear River) (Idaho’s largest Indian battle), January 29, 1863, by Colonel P. E. Connor’s California Volunteers. Followed two months later by a similarly destructive campaign by Jefferson Standifer’s Placerville Volunteers against the Shoshone at Salmon Falls; this fight led to a series of Shoshone and Bannock treaties (Fort Bridger, July 2; Box Elder, July 30; Ruby Valley, October 1; Soda Springs, October 14) affecting Idaho, as well as the Toole Valley Band of Goshute of the Western Shoshone.
 Weber Utes, a Shoshone band farther south along the Weber River to the Great Salt Lake in Utah, because having intermarried with neighboring Cumumba Band of Utes, they speak the same dialect as the other Northwestern bands with a slight Ute accent, and were therefore usually called Weber Utes - but they speak Shoshone and are primary of Shoshone stock; were overlooked in the treaty-making process and never got a reservation, Chief Little Soldier headed the misnamed "Weber Ute" band of about 400 people.
Fort Hall Shoshone Bands:
 Boho'inee or Pohokwi (Pohogwe, Pohoini, Sage Grass people, Sagebrush Butte People, which refers to Ferry Butte at Fort Hall), mixed Shoshone-Bannock band, living in southeastern Idaho on the Snake River Plain, in the Wind River Range, Salmon Falls on Snake River and wintered in the vicinity of the trading post Fort Hall, but also claimed the Camas Prairie as home, later called Fort Hall Shoshone or "Sho-Bans", also considered part of the Eastern Shoshone Bands
Western Bands of Northern Shoshone:
 Yahandeka or Yahantikka (Yakandika, Groundhog Eaters, grouped into three main geographical groupings of mixed Northern Shoshone-Northern Paiute bands):
 Boise Shoshone, among the early mounted Shoshone bands, they traveled over a considerable range by the beginning of the nineteenth century, with their main hunting lands along the lower Boise River and Payette River. When Donald MacKenzie developed the Snake country fur trade after 1818, the most prominent of the Boise Shoshone, Peiem (a Shoshoni rendition of “Big Jim”, their leader’s English name), became the most influential leader of the large composite Shoshoni band that white trappers regularly encountered in the Snake country. Peiem served as the most important Shoshone spokesman at MacKenzie’s great peace conference on Little Lost River in 1820, and figured conspicuously in Shoshone affairs when Alexander Ross and Peter Skeene Ogden led the Snake expedition later in the decade. Peiem’s son, and successor, Captain Jim, was a leader of the Boise Shoshone at the time of their removal, March 12-April 13, to the Fort Hall Reservation, which had been established for the Boise and Bruneau Shoshone, June 14, 1867, a mixed Shoshone-Northern Paiute group of Koa'aga'itöka ("Salmon Caught in Traps Eaters") of Northern Paiute and local Northern Shoshone groups.
 Bruneau Shoshone, were not organized into bands, occupied southwestern Idaho, mainly south of Snake River along the Bruneau River and from Goose Creek to Owyhee River, when the gold rush to Boise Basin brought settlers in after 1862, a mixed Shoshone-Northern Paiute group of Tagötöka/Taga Ticutta ("Root Tuber Eaters") and Wadadökadö/Wadatika (Waadadikady) ("Wada Root and Grass-seed Eaters") of Northern Paiute and local Northern Shoshone groups. After their treaty of April 12, 1866, went unratified, the Fort Hall Reservation was set aside partly for them. Later in 1877, the Duck Valley Reservation was established in their lands.
 Weiser Shoshone or Shewoki / Sohuwawki Shoshone, lived along the lower Weiser River to New Plymouth, this country was called Shewoki, si.wo.kki?i or Su:woki - "willow-striped" or "Row of Willows" by the Shoshone, some of whom resisted placement on the Malheur Reservation, finally settled at Fort Hall and on the Duck Valley Indian Reservation, a mixed Shoshone-Northern Paiute group of Wadadökadö/Wadatika (Waadadikady) ("Wada Root and Grass-seed Eaters") and Koa'aga'itöka ("Salmon Caught in Traps Eaters") of Northern Paiute and Shoshone groups from Bruneau and Boise Rivers.

Tribes and reservations
The Northern Shoshone have people who are members of three federally recognized tribes in Idaho and Utah:

Duck Valley Indian Reservation, Idaho, for the Western Shoshone-Northern Paiute Tribe
Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho, 544,000 acres (2,201 km²) in Idaho. Lemhi Shoshone with the Bannock Indians, a Paiute band with which they have merged.
Lemhi Indian Reservation (1875–1907) in Idaho. This reservation was closed and the people relocated to Fort Hall Reservation, where they are counted with the Shoshone-Bannock peoples.
Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation

Notes


Isocline

Given a family of curves, assumed to be differentiable, an isocline for that family is formed by the set of points at which some member of the family attains a given slope. The word comes from the Greek words ἴσος (isos), meaning "same", and the κλίνειν, meaning "make to slope". Generally, an isocline will itself have the shape of a curve or the union of a small number of curves.

Isoclines are often used as a graphical method of solving ordinary differential equations.  In an equation of the form y' = f(x,y), the isoclines are lines in the (x, y) plane obtained by setting f(x,y) equal to a constant.  This gives a series of lines (for different constants) along which the solution curves have the same gradient.  By calculating this gradient for each isocline, the slope field can be visualised; making it relatively easy to sketch approximate solution curves; as in fig. 1.

Other uses
In population dynamics, the term "isocline" refers to the set of population sizes at which the rate of change for one population in a pair of interacting populations is zero.


Bristle-crowned starling

The bristle-crowned starling (Onychognathus salvadorii) is a species of starling in the family Sturnidae. It is found in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Uganda.


Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2008 Canadian federal election

This is a list of nominated candidates for the Bloc Québécois political party in the 40th Canadian federal election.

Candidates


Mastibek Tashmukhamedov

Mastibek Davlyatovich Tashmukhamedov (; , December 24, 1908 – November 22, 1988) was Soviet military an political leader, who was the first general appointed from the Tajik SSR.

Early life and career
Tashmukhamedov was born on December 24, 1908 in the village of Porshnev, now Shugnansky District, Gorno-Badakhshan. In 1929, he was appointed secretary of the Kangurt District Committee of the Komsomol of the Kulyab region. From 1932 to 1934 he was the first secretary of the Komsomol of Tajikistan. In August 1941, in connection with the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, he commanded and education the 389th Infantry Division. From April 1943 until the end of the war, he was deputy commander of the 545th Infantry Regiment of the 389th Infantry Division in political units.

After the Great Patriotic War he served in the Turkestan Military District. In 1949 he graduated from the military institute in Ashgabat. In 1962 he was awarded the rank of Major-General. From 1957 to 1963 he was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Tajikistan. From 1957 to 1971 he was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR, and a member of the Central Committee of  the Communist Party of Tajikistan. In 1970, Tashmukhamedov retired, and died on November 22, 1988.

Awards
 2 orders of the Red Banner
 3 Orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees
 3 Order of the Red Star
 The Order of the Badge of Honor
 Medal of Honor"
 Medal "For Military Merit"
 Honored Worker of Culture of Tajikistan

Legacy

The Mastibek Tashmukhamedov Military Lyceum of the Ministry of Defense of Tajikistan is named after Tashmukhamedov. In 2008, in honor of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Tashmukhamedov, a bust was unveiled at the lyceum.


Rocky Handsome

Rocky Handsome is a 2016 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed by Nishikant Kamat. It features  John Abraham and Diya Chalwad in the lead roles while Shruti Haasan, Nishikant Kamat and Sharad Kelkar appear in crucial supporting roles. It is an official adaptation of the 2010 Korean film The Man from Nowhere. Co-produced by Abraham under his home banner John Abraham Entertainment in association with Sunir Khetrapal's Azure Entertainment, the film's story revolves around a man who sets out to take vengeance against drug mafia after they take away an eight-year-old girl, with whom he shares a special bond.

The theatrical trailer was released on 4 March 2016, and the film released on 25 March 2016.

Plot
Based in a city in Goa, Kabir Ahlawat (John Abraham) lives a quiet life running a pawn shop. His next-door neighbor is Anna (Nathalia Kaur), a drug addict and bar dancer. She lives with her little daughter Naomi (Diya Chalwad), who develops a nurturing relationship with Kabir. Meanwhile, ACP Dilip Sangodkar (Sharad Kelkar) from the Anti-Narcotics Department of the police force is after drug kingpin Mantoo (Uday Tikekar), who is supported by brothers Kevin Ferriera (Nishikant Kamat) and Luke Ferriera (Teddy Maurya), who not only deal drugs but also control a mass racket in organ harvesting with a professional assassin Attila (Kazu Patrick Tang) who cleans up after their mess.

One night, Anna and her accomplice, who is also her boyfriend, steal drugs from Mantoo's henchman Bigshow. Anna hides the drugs in a camera which she pawns to Kabir. The consignment loss enrages Mantoo, and he insults Kevin by slapping at his bald head and gives Kevin three days to recover the stolen drugs, threatening that if he failed to do so, he would take the money back by selling all four of the brothers' kidneys. Luke and Attila reach Anna's place, where Luke tortures Anna for the camera. However, much to their surprise, Naomi becomes an eye witness to the brutal torments. Unwittingly, Anna reveals them the location of the drug, as a response to which Bigshow enters Kabir's house along with Viju, demanding the camera. Kabir is obliged to hand the camera to Luke when he tells him that both Naomi and Anna are his captives. Kabir gets a call from Kevin to make a delivery to Mantoo, and promises that in return, he will set Anna and Naomi free. Kabir goes to deliver the drugs to Mantoo, where he finds that police officers have already raided Mantoo's haven. Mantoo flees and Kabir chases him, but he is arrested by police. They are shocked to find Anna's naked body with all her organs harvested in Kabir's car. Kevin, infuriated by the insult he faced from Mantoo, decides to murder Mantoo and become the new drug lord, which he does with no hesitation.

During interrogation, Kabir escapes from the police station. The officers are bewildered by his combat skills and find out he was a former decorated RAW Agent and Special Forces soldier who retired after his pregnant wife Rukshida (Shruti Haasan) was murdered. Kabir fights with Attila at a nightclub and is shot, but breaks into a medicine shop and performs an impromptu surgery. He then continues on his journey, and finds and frees several child slaves in a drug manufacturing plant, and in the process, kills Luke. He tracks down Kevin, who says he has had Naomi killed. He shows a container that has what he says are her eyes. Kabir kills all the gang members, including Attila and Kevin.

As Kabir prepares to commit suicide out of utter grief, Naomi emerges. It is revealed she had been saved by Attila before her eye surgery; he took pity on her because she had been kind to him. The eyes in the container belonged to the gangsters' surgeon, who had been killed by Attila when the latter saved Naomi. Kabir is arrested, but the officers allow Naomi to ride with him. Kabir asks if they can stop at a convenience store, where he buys Naomi a backpack and school supplies. He asks her if she can manage until he returns, to which she nods. The film ends with him asking her for a hug, to which she agrees.

Cast
 John Abraham as Kabir Ahlawat a.k.a. Rocky "Handsome", a former RAW agent and Special Frontier Force soldier
 Nathalia Kaur as Anna, Naomi's mother
 Diya Chalwad as Naomi, Kabir's best friend and Anna's daughter
 Nishikant Kamat as Kevin Ferreira
 Sharad Kelkar as ACP Dilip Sangodkar, a cop from the Anti-Narcotics Bureau
 Shiv Kumar Subramaniam as ACP Rebello
 Suhasini Mulay as Carla Aunty, a child trafficker
 Teddy Maurya as Luke Ferriera, Kevin's brother
 Kazu Patrick Tang as Attila, Kevin's henchman
 Uday Tikekar as Mantoo
 Sanjay Khapre as Inspector Pitale
 Shruti Haasan in a cameo appearance as Rukshida, Kabir's wife
 Nora Fatehi (special appearance) in the song "Rock Tha Party"

Production
Shruti Haasan has been cast as John Abraham’s wife, while seven-year-old child actress Diya Chalwad (who was first seen in the movie Kick) plays an important role. Nathalia Kaur, who was seen in the item number Dan Dan Cheeni in Ram Gopal Varma’s Department, plays the mother of the child. "But the theme of our film is the action. We are getting action directors from abroad—Eastern Asia—for the stunts," said Kheterpal.  According to Sunir Kheterpal, the shooting in Hyderabad was for about 45–50 days. While the second schedule was filmed in Goa, the third was in Mumbai.

Release
The film earned  in one day including paid previews in India. The film went down on day two with collections of  crore nett. The film earned  on third day and the film had a very low weekend of  crore nett with  crore nett on paid previews. The collections on Monday were low at around  nett. The film grossed  in its first week and  by the end of its theatrical run.

Soundtrack

The music for Rocky Handsome has been composed by Sunny Bawra, Inder Bawra, Ankit Tiwari and Bombay Rockers while the lyrics are penned by Kumaar, Manoj Muntashir, Abhendra Kumar Upadhyay, Sachin Pathak, Sagar Lahauri and Shekhar Astitwa. The album contains total 7 tracks. The first song "Rock Tha Party" was released on 15 February 2016. The soundtrack was released on 22 February 2016 which included 6 songs. Later an unplugged version of Alfazon Ki Tarah was released on 22 March 2016 voiced by Shreya Ghoshal, John Abraham and Ankit Tiwari.

Critical reception
The film has received negative reviews aimed at its execution of story and script, holding a 0% "Rotten" score on aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes. Sonali Kokra of The National (UAE) gave it a 1/5 rating, stating that "With Rocky Handsome, director Nishikant Kamat completes a hat-trick of poorly made remakes that fail spectacularly to do justice to the originals.". Anupama Chopra of The Hindustani Times gave it 2/5 stars, writing, "Not for a minute did I think that [Abraham] couldn’t do the things he was doing. The trouble is that what he’s doing isn’t very interesting — especially if you’ve seen the original film. [...] Way too much time and effort is spent showcasing the leading man -- John's body is a no-carb miracle and Kamat fetishises it.".

However, other critics were more appreciative of the film, namely praising its action sequences and Abraham's physicality. Subhash K. Jha rated the film 4/5, writing "It would have to be a toss-up between Shoojit Sircar's excellent political thriller Madras Café and now Nishikant Kamat's Rocky Handsome." Bollywood Hungama rated the film  3.5/5, writing "On the whole, ROCKY HANDSOME is for people who like action films. Despite the film having a simple plot, it has been garnished with engrossing drama and action stunningly. One can find the right mix of tension, action, emotion under one roof. A well-made action thriller."


Trucy-l'Orgueilleux

Trucy-l'Orgueilleux is a commune in the Nièvre department in central France.

Demographics
At the 1999 census, the population was 229. On 1 January 2007, the estimate was 229.


2015 Swedish submarine wreck discovery

In 2015, Swedish diving group Ocean X Team found the wreck of what initially appeared to be a foreign mini-submarine off the east coast of Sweden.

The Swedish armed forces subsequently issued a statement that it was "most likely" a Russian  that went down with all hands in 1916.

Find
On 27July 2015, it was reported that a foreign mini-submarine,  long and  in diameter, had been located the previous week by Swedish diving group Ocean X Team, led by Dennis Åberg. The submarine was found  offshore on the east coast of central Sweden. The group had received coordinates for where to search from Icelandic company Ixplorer.

According to the divers who found the submarine, it was a modern model and it appeared to be intact, suggesting that the remains of the crew may still be on board. The hull was marked with Cyrillic letters. The pictures from the wreck showed that the yellow submarine was standing on the sea bottom with its tower pointing straight up. The diving group informed the Swedish armed forces on Monday 27July 2015, and video material from the wreckage was handed over for analysis. The hull of the wreck features the "hard sign" Ъ in a final position. Since this usage was discontinued during the 1917 orthographic reform, it indicated that the ship predated the Soviet era.

On 28July 2015, a statement was released by the Swedish armed forces public relations office that stated that analysis of the video footage and other evidence indicated that the wreck was "most likely" that of the Imperial Russian Navy Som-class submarine Som (Сом). Som sank with all hands on active service in 1916 after a collision with the steamship Ångermanland in the Sea of Åland, somewhere between Arholma and the Svartklubben lighthouse. According to several sources who previously worked with submarine analyses for the Swedish armed forces, the location of the submarine had been known for at least one year.

, the Swedish armed forces considered the wreck to be of historical or marine archaeological interest rather than military, and handed over the case to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs. The ministry consequently informed the Russian embassy in Stockholm.

Ocean X Team
The Ocean X diving group is a privately owned salvage operator not affiliated with the Swedish military. It previously found an American Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress in 1992, and 2,400 bottles of 1907 champagne in 1994.

The wreck was discovered by using an ROV (remote operated vehicle) called V8 Sii from Ocean Modules in Åtvidaberg. The ROV was equipped with a grapple, a video camera and a Blueview sonar made by Teledyne.


Bromopentacarbonylrhenium(I)

Bromopentacarbonylrhenium(I) is an inorganic compound of rhenium, commonly used for the syntheses of other rhenium complexes.

Preparation
Bromopentacarbonylrhenium(I) is commercially available. It is also easily and inexpensively synthesized by the oxidation of dirhenium decacarbonyl with bromine:

Re2(CO)10 + Br2 → 2 ReBr(CO)5

It was first prepared by the "reductive carbonylation" of rhenium(III) bromide:

ReBr3  +  2 Cu  +  5 CO   →  BrRe(CO)5  +  2 CuBr

Copper(I) bromide is a byproduct.

Reactions
Bromopentacarbonylrhenium(I) is a precursor to other rhenium complexes. It reacts with zinc and acetic acid to give pentacarbonylhydridorhenium (HRe(CO)5).
 Re(CO)5Br + Zn + HO2CCH3  →   ReH(CO)5  +  ZnBrO2CCH3

It also reacts with tetraethylammonium bromide in diglyme to give [NEt4]2[ReBr3(CO)3)], an important precursor to compounds containing the rhenium tricarbonyl fragment.

Heating bromopentacarbonylrhenium(I) in water give the triaquo complex:

ReBr(CO)5 + 3 H2O → [Re(H2O)3(CO)3]Br + 2 CO

This route avoids the formation of the tetraethylammonium bromide byproduct, which is often difficult to remove from reaction mixtures.


Australian rules football in Western Australia is the most popular sport in the state.

History

Early Beginnings
Organised football in the Perth/Fremantle region of Western Australia dates back to 1881. Back then though rugby union was the dominant football code. Only one senior club, "Unions", played Australian Rules.

In 1883 a second club, "Swans", emerged, but Australian Rules' growth remained much subdued compared to that of Victoria and South Australia.

However, in those days many young men of Perth's wealthier families were educated in Adelaide, the capital of South Australia.

On returning home from there they naturally wished to play the sport they'd grown up with and no doubt exerted some influence on their less affluent peers as to such. Coincidentally, the press at the time reported there was a growing dissatisfaction with rugby as a spectacle.

During the 1880s, the discoveries of gold, firstly in the Kimberley, Pilbara and Murchison regions, led to a dramatic increase in WA's population, including many players and supporters of Australian Rules from the eastern colonies.

In 1885 one of the leading rugby clubs, Fremantle, decided to change to Australian Rules. It was quickly joined by three other clubs - , Victorians, and a team of schoolboys from The High School. The schoolboy side lasted just two matches, but the three other sides went on to contest what in retrospect was viewed as the first ever official Western Australian Football Association (WAFA) premiership, won by Rovers. And virtually overnight Australian rules football became the dominant code for the spectator as well.

Progress of Australian Rules in Western Australia still lagged behind the big football cities of Melbourne, Adelaide and Geelong however and is evidenced by the unstable nature of the clubs that participated in the early years.

In 1886 a new club Fremantle based club Unions joined.

In 1887 Fremantle left the WAFA and the West Australian Football Club joined but they would only play two seasons before they disappeared.

In 1890 Unions would rename themselves Fremantle as those involved in the game saw the need to identify themselves with the region they were located in.

1891 Saw two new clubs arrive, Centrals and East Perth, but they would be gone after one and two seasons respectively.

1899 would be the last season Fremantle would take part. Despite Unions/Fremantle being the most dominant club in the WAFA up to this point winning the competition 10 times in its 13 years of existence, problems with debt saw the club disappear and some people involved with the old entity formed South Fremantle Football Club in its place. Despite the fact that many involved with Fremantle moved onto South Fremantle the new club is not seen as a continuation of the old and did not lay claim to its proud records to that date.

1899 was also the last time Rovers would take part. The move to regionalisation which saw Unions take on the old Fremantle's name and colours made it difficult for this club that didn't represent a particular area to attract players. They folded and were immediately replaced by Perth Football Club who were promoted from the Perth First Rate Association.

Major gold discoveries at Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie, coupled with a major international economic depression, caused immigration from the eastern colonies to accelerate. These migrants included a large number of footballers including some celebrated players, and the Goldfields competition (later known as the Goldfields Football League) was comparable in status and standard to the Perth competition for many years. (This was shown by the fact that it had a separate seat on the Australian National Football Council until 1919.) The higher standard of play that naturally followed, helped to increase the game's popularity and increased the professionalism of the WAFA.

By 1901, the WAFA had grown to have six teams. Up to this point, five sides at most had been in the competition, and this number had invariably changed from year to year, as clubs came and went. And by 1906 there were eight teams — being West Perth, East Perth, East Fremantle, South Fremantle, North Fremantle, Subiaco, Perth and Midland Junction.

In 1908 the WAFA was renamed the West Australian Football League (WAFL).

Unlike many other sporting competitions, the WAFL didn't go into recess during World War I, although two teams — North Fremantle and Midland Junction — were "casualties" of the war, competing for the last time in 1915 and 1917 respectively.

In 1921, the WAFL introduced the Sandover Medal, for the fairest and best player over a season, as voted by the field umpires. The medal has been awarded annually ever since.

Claremont entered the league in 1926, bringing the number of teams back to seven.

In 1932, the WAFL was renamed the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL) - the "national" concept in the name being adopted by the SANFL and a couple of other leagues a few years earlier.

Swan Districts entered the league in 1934. The eight competing sides still remain today and are generally referred to as the "traditional eight clubs".

Because of World War Two, the league only ran an "under age" competition between 1942-44. However, the three premierships won during this time are given equal status to any other, in official records. All clubs competed, with the exception of Swan Districts who could not form a team in 1942, although they were back in 1943.

The 1960s saw crowds get bigger and bigger, as WAFL football captured the hearts and minds of the WA public like never before, and in the 1970s and early 80s it was easily the biggest show in town.

However, during this period more and more star WAFL players were looking to head to the Victorian Football League (VFL), enticed by the bigger money and the fact that it was more and more gaining a reputation as the "big" league.

This is perhaps best evidenced in that Victoria (i.e. the VFL representative team) had by far the best record in interstate games for a long time. But in 1977, when the first proper State of Origin match was played, it saw Western Australia inflict its biggest defeat on a Victorian team.

In 1980, the WANFL dropped the "N" and the "ern" and reverted to being called the WAFL.

At this time crowds were as big as they ever were. Soon afterwards, however, interest in the WAFL began a slow decline, as it became increasingly obvious that even larger numbers of the WAFL's best players were going to head east.

Entering the National Competition
By 1987, the WAFL had decided that the future of the game in WA depended on it entering a team in the VFL. The West Coast Eagles were formed and entered the VFL (the VFL was renamed the AFL in 1990). With many of Western Australia's best players now competing in a team that represented Western Australia on a national scale, it was suddenly apparent that the WAFL was now a second-class competition.

In 1990 the state league was renamed the Western Australian State Football League, but it had reverted to WAFL by 1991.

In 1992, the West Coast Eagles made history by becoming the first interstate club to win an AFL premiership. The win resulted in a huge boost to the side's popularity, put pressure on Subiaco Oval to expand and ultimately led to demand for a second AFL licence for the state.

Another locally based AFL team, the Fremantle FC were formed in 1995.

The popularity of the AFL with 2 sides, particularly with the Western Derby, cemented the position of WAFL as a second-class competition. WAFL clubs have struggled ever since with their sudden demise from being technically equal to any VFL club, to feeder club status. However, they have enjoyed some benefits, such as the funds flowing from the WA-based AFL teams and the influx of talented players from other states, attempting to make a name for themselves.

In 1997, Peel Thunder — somewhat controversially — became the ninth WAFL club. Throughout their brief history, they have struggled to compete with the traditional eight clubs, which are generally opposed to their presence. This is partly because having an odd number of teams forces one team to have a bye each week.

Also in 1997, the WAFL was renamed Westar Rules, in a failed attempt to revamp the league's image. However the name again reverted to WAFL in 2001.

Recent years have seen the WAFL stabilise itself as a league a step down from the AFL. Obviously the sudden player drain brought on by the expansion of the VFL into the AFL has lessened the standard of play, however this has recovered somewhat, with "veteran" AFL players returning and new players coming through.

Recent History
Western Australia was the first state to trial the derivative social game of Rec Footy in 2003.

Involvement and attendance in Australian Rules reached record levels in Western Australia  2004. The total attendance, including AFL games was a record 1,030,000. The 2005 WAFL grand final between South Fremantle and Claremont attracted 22,570 to Subiaco Oval.

In 2006, the combined membership of Fremantle and West Coast AFL clubs was a record 79,804 members.

Participation
In 2007, there were around 12,050 senior players in WA and a total participation of 91,009, with a participation rate of around 4% per capita, making it equal third most supported state (with Victoria and South Australia).

Audience

Attendance Record
 59,608 (2018). AFL Preliminary Final. West Coast Eagles v Melbourne.  (Optus Stadium, Perth)

Major Australian Rules Events in Western Australia
Australian Football League Premiership Season (West Coast Eagles and Fremantle home games)
Western Derby
West Australian Football League Grand Final

Notable Western Australian footballers
Graham 'Polly' Farmer was the first West Australian to be inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame as a legend. He was also named as the ruckman in the AFL Team of the Century. Barry Cable was elevated to legend status in 2012.

Other great players from WA to have been inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame are Jack Clarke, George Doig, Ross Glendinning, Denis Marshall, Merv McIntosh, Stephen Michael, George Moloney, Graham Moss, Wayne Richardson, Jack Sheedy, William 'Nipper' Truscott and Bill Walker. In the 1980s and 90s players such as Brad Hardie, Nicky Winmar, Jim and Phil Krakouer, Mark Bairstow, Glen Jakovich, Guy McKenna, Dean Kemp and Peter Matera starred in the AFL.  More recently high-profile Western Australian players in the AFL have included Ben Cousins, Lance Franklin, Simon Black, Patrick Ryder, Peter Bell, Jeff Farmer, Aaron Sandilands, Dean Cox, Daniel Kerr, Nic Naitanui and Nat Fyfe.

Representative teams

The Western Australian Australian football team is nicknamed alternatively the "Sandgropers" or the "Black Swans" and have played representative matches, either as State of Origin or as a state team representing the WAFL against all other Australian states.

Governing Body
The governing body for Australian rules football in WA is the West Australian Football Commission.

Leagues & clubs

Professional clubs
West Coast Eagles (Australian Football League)
Fremantle Football Club (Australian Football League)

Open

Perth metropolitan leagues
West Australian Football League (semi-professional)
Western Australian Amateur Football League
Metro Football League (was Mercantile Football Association)
Sunday Football League (defunct)

Regional leagues
West Australian Country Football League
Avon Football Association
Central Kimberley Football Association
Central Midlands Coastal Football League
Central Wheatbelt Football League
East Kimberley Football Association
Eastern Districts Football League
Esperance District Football Association
Fortescue National Football League
Gascoyne Football Association
Goldfields Football League
Great Northern Football League
Great Southern Football League
Hills Football Association
Lower South West Football League
Mortlock Football League
Newman National Football League
North Midlands Football League
North Pilbara Football League
Ongerup Football Association
Peel Football League
Ravensthorpe & Districts Football Association
South West Football League
Upper Great Southern Football League
West Kimberley Football Association

Women's
 West Australian Women's Football League Official Site

Masters
Masters Australian Football WA Official Site

Principal Venues
 Perth Stadium
 Subiaco Oval
 Fremantle Oval
 Arena Joondalup
 Leederville Oval
 East Fremantle Oval
 Claremont Oval
 Bassendean Oval
 Lathlain Park
 Rushton Park


Leroy Scott

Leroy Scott (1875–1929) was an American writer of novels and screenplays.

Biography
Scott was born in Fairmount, Indiana 11 May 1875. His father was a minister with the Religious Society of Friends. He graduated from Indiana University in 1897. His writing career began with three years experience as a reporter; he worked at a Louisiana newspaper owned by his brother. Later (1900–01) he became assistant editor of the Woman’s Home Companion.

Scott was a social activist. In 1902–3 he was assistant headworker at the University Settlement House. It is there that he met and later married on 27 Jun 1904 Miriam Finn, a Russian Jewish writer, with whom he had a daughter. Around this time Scott was an officer of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, of which he was a founder. Scott had come to University Settlement after Hull House experience. After his settlement experience, Scott and his wife came to live at the "A-Club", a cooperative, and a "radical center."

In 1906, Scott helped arrange accommodations for Maxim Gorky during his visit to the United States. In 1907 Scott and his wife visited Russia.

To research his book about labor relations, The Walking Delegate (1905), Scott Joined the Structural Iron Workers Union.

In addition to novels, Scott became involved in the movie industry, where he accumulated numerous writing credits, as well as an acting credit in one film. When Goldwyn Pictures determined a need to produce movies in New York as well as on the west coast, Scott's Partners of the Night was chosen as the first work.

Scott drowned in Lake Chateaugay, near Plattsburgh, New York on 21 July 1929.

Works
Children of the whirlwind
The walking delegate (1905)
To him that hath (1907)
The shears of destiny (1910)
Vocations, ed. William DeWitt Hyde. Hall and Locke Company. Boston. Vol. 1. The Mechanic Arts. Richard C. Maclauren ed. (1911).  “Selden’s Explosion Buggy”. p. 343
Counsel for the defense (1912)
No. 13 Washington Square (1914)
Graft (1915)
Partners of the night (1916)
The Sturdy Oak; a composite novel of American politics by fourteen American authors (ch xiv) (1917)
Mary Regan (1918)
A Daughter of Two Worlds: A Novel of New York Life (1919)
Cordelia the Magnificent (1923)
The heart of Katie O”Doone (1925)
Folly’s Gold (1926)
The Trail of Glory (1926)
The living dead man (1929)


1908 in British music

This is a summary of 1908 in music in the United Kingdom.

Events
26 March – The first public performance of York Bowen's Viola Concerto is given by Lionel Tertis at the Wigmore Hall.
31 July – Frederick Septimus Kelly wins a gold medal for Great Britain as a member of the winning crew in the eights at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London.
3 December – Edward Elgar's Symphony No. 1 receives its première at the Free Trade Hall in Manchester, performed by the Hallé Orchestra and conducted by Hans Richter.
7 December – Four days after its première, Elgar's Symphony No. 1 is performed at the Queen's Hall by the London Symphony Orchestra, again conducted by Hans Richter.
date unknown – Alexander Mackenzie becomes President of the International Musical Society.

Popular music
"Has Anybody Here Seen Kelly?" ("Kelly from the Isle of Man") by Clarence Wainwright Murphy & Will Letters
"I Hear You Calling Me" by Harold Lake & Charles Marshall
"The Outlaw" by William Wallace

Classical music: new works
York Bowen – Viola Concerto in C minor
Henry Walford Davies – Solemn Melody for organ
Harry Evans – Dafydd ap Gwilym (cantata)
Hamilton Harty – Violin Concerto
Joseph Hinton – L'allegro
Alice Verne-Bredt – Phantasie Piano Trio and Phantasie Piano Quartet

Opera
A Welsh Sunset by Philip Michael Faraday

Musical theatre
25 April – Havana, with book by George Grossmith, Jr. and Graham Hill, music by Leslie Stuart, lyrics by Adrian Ross and additional lyrics by George Arthurs, opens at the Gaiety Theatre, London, starring Evie Greene, W. H. Berry, Lawrence Grossmith and Mabel Philipson.
3 September – King of Cadonia, with book by Frederick Lonsdale, lyrics by Adrian Ross and Arthur Wimperis and music by Sidney Jones and Frederick Rosse, opens at the Prince of Wales Theatre in London, where it runs for 333 performances.

Births
12 January – Joan Mary Last, music educator, author and composer (died 2002)
28 January – Jimmy Shand, accordionist and bandleader (died 2000)
29 February – A. L. Lloyd, folk song collector (died 1982)
25 March – Bridget D'Oyly Carte, head of D'Oyly Carte Opera Company (died 1985)
10 July – Donald Peers, singer (died 1973)
18 July – Barry Gray, TV composer (died 1984)
19 October
Spike Hughes, jazz musician, composer and music journalist (died 1987)
Sydney MacEwan, singer and priest (died 1991)
21 October – Howard Ferguson, composer and musicologist (died 1999)
17 December – William Brocklesby Wordsworth, English/Scottish composer and pianist (died 1988)
date unknown – Jeannie Robertson, folk singer (died 1975)

Deaths
2 March – Walter Slaughter, conductor and composer, 48
12 March – Clara Novello, soprano, 89


Chenoweth Massacre

The Chenoweth Massacre of July 17, 1789 was the last major Native American raid in present-day Jefferson County, Kentucky (Louisville Metro).

Captain Richard Chenoweth, builder of Fort Nelson, was stationed with his family northeast of present-day Middletown when a large band of Native Americans (likely Shawnee) attacked from across the Ohio River. They killed three of Chenoweth's children, Levi, Margaret and Polly and two of the soldiers. Chenoweth's wife, Margaret "Peggy" nee McCarthy was pierced through the lungs by an arrow and seriously wounded. She faked death while an attacker took her scalp. She survived and wore a hat for the rest of her life to conceal the scars. Two soldiers were captured alive and were ritually burned at the stake near the springhouse.

Chenoweth Station was likely targeted in the raid because it was relatively isolated from the nearest settlements of Linn's Station and the Falls of the Ohio. What is now called the Chenoweth Fort-Springhouse, where Chenoweth and his wife took refuge, has been preserved and is listed on the National Register of Historical Places.


T.H.E. Cat

T.H.E. Cat is an American action drama that aired on NBC during the 1966–1967 television season.

The series was co-sponsored by R.J. Reynolds (Winston) and Lever Brothers and was created by Harry Julian Fink.

Robert Loggia starred as the title character, Thomas Hewitt Edward Cat. The series preceded the 1968–1970 ABC television series It Takes a Thief, which was also about a cat burglar who used his skills for good.

Synopsis
Out of the night comes a man who saves lives at the risk of his own. Once a circus performer, an aerialist who refused the net. Once a cat burglar, a master among jewel thieves. Now a professional bodyguard. Primitive... savage... in love with danger. The Cat!

The series had a hero who was a reformed thief, having spent an unspecified term in prison, and of Gypsy heritage. In the mold of famed private eye Peter Gunn and the waterfront bar Mother's, Cat operated out of the Casa Del Gato (House of the Cat) in San Francisco, of which he was part owner.
Thomas (The Cat) was a master of the martial arts, who used his skills numerous times to stop antagonists in his pursuit of justice for the downtrodden, and for his various clients. He always worked on the side of the law...occasionally using his skills for the local police. His police contact was Police Capt. McAllister, played by R.G. Armstrong , who played in 12 episodes of the series.
He was one of two characters of TV series in the 1966 season who employed martial arts skills in the cause of justice. The other was Bruce Lee's character of Kato on the ABC-TV series The Green Hornet. These two characters were among the first on network television to employ martial arts skills as weapons against crime.
Cat was also a master gymnast and acrobatic artist,who used his acquired skills as a circus performer to get into places that the police couldn't reach.

Casting
Series star Robert Loggia had previously played a character known as "the Cat" in the 1958–60 Walt Disney television miniseries The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca, in which Loggia played Baca, an Old West Mexican-American lawman whose nickname was "the Cat", a fact viewers were reminded of each week in the series' theme song. The series ran for 10 episodes and was recut into a feature movie.

After T.H.E. Cat, Loggia, an actor with a long history of film and television credits, went on to star in a number of high-profile hit Hollywood films, including the Tom Hanks hit film Big, the sci-fi film Independence Day, An Officer and a Gentleman, Scarface, and Sylvester Stallone's Over the Top. In 1985, Loggia was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of crusty private detective Sam Ransom in the thriller Jagged Edge and had the starring role in another NBC series, Mancuso, FBI, for which he was nominated for an Emmy in 1989.

Reception
Though T.H.E. Cat was popular among children and teens, the series fared poorly in the ratings overall, a situation that prompted its cancellation after a single season.

Episodes
 "To Kill a Priest", written by Harry Julian Fink, directed by Boris Sagal
 "Sandman", written by J.D. Buchanan, directed by Boris Sagal
 "Payment Overdue", written by Robert Hamner, directed by Boris Sagal
 "Brotherhood", written by Harry Julian Fink, directed by Maurice Vaccarino
 "Little Arnie From Long Ago", written by Ronald Austin and James D. Buchanan, directed by Don McDougall
 "None to Weep, None to Mourn", written by Herman Miller, directed by Harvey Hart
 "The Moment Of Truth", written by A. Rowe, directed by John Rich
 "Marked For Death", written by S. Adams, directed by Alan Crosland
 "Crossing at Destino Bay", written by R.E. Thompson, directed by Boris Sagal
 "To Bell T.H.E. Cat", written by Bernard C. Schoenfeld, directed by Sutton Roley
 "Curtains for Miss Winslow", written by Bernard C. Schoenfeld, directed by Herschel Daugherty
 "King of Limpets", written by Herman Miller, directed by Boris Sagal
 "The System", written by Robert Hamner, directed by Don Mc Dougall
 "The Canary Who Lost His Voice", written by Shimon Wincelberg, directed by Joseph Pevney
 "The Ring of Anasis", written by Herman Miller, directed by Jacques Tourneur
 "Queen of Diamonds", Knave of Hearts, written by Jack Turley, directed by Boris Sagal
 "A Hot Place to Die", written by Jack Turley, directed by Paul Baxley
 "A Slight Family Trait", written by Jack Turley, directed by Boris Sagal
 "If Once You Fail", written by Harry Julian Fink, directed by Maurice Vaccarino
 "Design for Death", written by Jack Turley, directed by Alan Crosland
 "Matter Over Mind", written by Ronald Austin and James D. Buchanan, directed by Boris Sagal
 "The Blood-Red Night", written by Bernard C. Schoenfeld, directed by  Bert Freed
 "The Ninety Percent Blues", written by Robert Hamner, directed by Harry Harris
 "The Long Chase", written by Robert Hamner, directed by Paul Baxley
 "Twenty-One and Out", written by Preston Wood, directed by Paul Stanley
 "Lisa", written by Ronald Austin and James D. Buchanan, directed by Jud Taylor

Cast
 Robert Loggia as Thomas Hewitt Edward Cat
 R. G. Armstrong as Captain McAllister
 Robert Carricart as Pepe Cordoza

Guest stars: Chris Alcaide, Barbara Stuart, Steve Ihnat, Robert Duvall, Laura Devon, Yvonne Romain, Sorrell Booke, Diana Muldaur

Custom car

Several times he drove a Chevrolet Corvette. It was a mid-'60s convertible Stingray. It was customized with a bar that extended up and over the back of the driver. It was not, however, a roll bar—there were two flaps on the top portion. When the headlights were rolled to the "on" position, there were accents by each light that mimicked a cat's eye shape. Its body was painted black.


Joan, Countess of Ligny

Joan, Countess of Saint-Pol and Ligny (d. 18 September 1430, Avignon), called the Demoiselle de Luxembourg, was the daughter of Guy of Luxembourg, Count of Ligny and Mahaut of Châtillon, Countess of Saint-Pol.

At the death of Philip I, Duke of Brabant, she was his nearest living relative on the Saint-Pol side and inherited Saint-Pol and Ligny upon his death on 14 August 1430. She was living at the time at Beaurevoir, which belonged to her favourite nephew John. At this time, John held Joan of Arc, whom he had captured, as a prisoner. The Demoiselle de Luxembourg showed kindness to her and pleaded with her nephew not to sell Joan to the English. The Demoiselle died shortly thereafter; her fiefs were divided between her senior nephew, the Count of Brienne, who received Saint-Pol, and John, her favourite, who received Ligny.

The Demoiselle is a character in Philippa Gregory's 2011 historical novel The Lady of the Rivers, which centres on her great-niece Jacquetta of Luxembourg.


2009 Qantas Film and Television Awards

The 2009 Qantas Film and Television Awards were held on Saturday 5 September at the Civic Theatre in Auckland, New Zealand. The craft awards were presented in a separate awards lunch at the Civic Theatre Friday 4 September. Highlights from the main awards evening were broadcast on TV3.

Nominees and winners

Awards were given in 60 categories, covering news and current affairs, general television, feature film and short film.

News and Current Affairs

Qantas Best News
 ONE News (TV One) 3 News (TV3)
 Tonight (TV One)Best News or Current Affairs Presenter Kevin Milne, Fair Go (TV One) Paul Henry, Breakfast (TV One)
 Andrew Saville, ONE News (TV One)Best News Reporting Amanda Gillies, 3 News, "Victoria Bush Fires" (TV3) Guyon Espiner, ONE News, "Ele Peters" (TV One)
 Duncan Garner, 3 News, "Secret Tapes" (TV3)Best Current Affairs Reporting for a weekly programme or one off current affairs special John Hudson, Stephen Butler, Leander Scott-Donelan, Portia Mao, Sunday; "Bad Milk" (TV One)
 Pete Cronshaw, Cara Darvill,  20/20; "Baby Business" (TV2)
 Mike McRoberts, John Stephenson, 60 Minutes, "Bread Basket/Basket Case" (TV3)Best Current Affairs Reporting for a daily programme Robyn Janes, Louisa Cleave, Corinne Ambler, Mike Hosking, Close Up, "Schools" (TV One)
 Donna-Marie Lever, Close Up, "Family: The Gunman's Mum" (TV One)
 Kate McCallum, Louisa Cleave, Michael Holland, Mike Valintine, Close Up, "Rest Home" (TV One)Best Current Affairs Series Q+A, Episode 3 (TV One) Native Affairs, "Hikoi" Episode 9 (Maori Television)
 Sunday, Episode 14 (TV One)Investigation of the Year Ian Sinclair, Dale Owens, Sunday, "Dr Disaster 2" (TV One) John Hudson, Stephen Butler, Leander Scott-Donelan, Portia Mao, Sunday, "Bad Milk" (TV One)
 Kate McCallum, Louisa Cleave, Michael Holland, Mike Valintine, Close Up, "Rest Home" (TV One)

 News and Current Affairs (craft) Best News Camera Jared Mason, ONE News, "US Election: McCain Campaign" (TV One) James Marshall, Breakfast, "Skifield Prepares to Open" (TV One)
 Cameron Williams, 3 News, "Anzac Day in Tinui and Chatham Islands" (TV3)Best Current Affairs Camera Christopher Brown, 20/20, "The Amazing Race" (TV2) Scott Behrnes, Campbell Live, "Merino" (TV3)
 Patrice Hutchinson, Native Affairs, "Tini Whetu I Te Rangi" (Maori Television)Best News Editing Kirsten Bolam, ONE News, "Ironwoman" (TV One) Tony Clark, ONE News, "National Party candidates in South Auckland" (TV One)
 Rebecca O'Sullivan, Sunrise/Nightline, "Jetboat", "Queenstown Artist and Retronude exhibit" (TV3)Best Current Affairs Editing Will Kong, Sunday, "17 Hours" (TV One) Paul Enticott, 60 Minutes, "No Fixed Abode" (TV3)
 Paul Sparkes, Close Up, "Rock School" (TV One)

 General Television  Best Drama Programme Until Proven Innocent, Paula Boock, Donna Malane; Lippy Pictures Ltd (TV One) Outrageous Fortune, John Laing, South Pacific Pictures (TV3)
 Piece of My Heart, Michele Fantl, MF Films Ltd (TV One) Best Comedy Programme The Jaquie Brown Diaries, Jaquie Brown, Gerard Johnstone; Young, Gifted & Brown (TV3) The Millen Baird Show, Rachel Gardner, Great Southern Television (TV3)
 The Pretender, Rachel Gardner, Great Southern Television (TV One)Best Maori Language Programme Ka Haku Au, Maramena Roderick, Ngahuia Wade; Maramena Ltd (Maori Television) Ko Tawa, Jeni-Leigh Walker, Maori Television (Maori Television)
 Maumahara, Hinewehi Mohi, Raukatauri Productions Ltd (Maori Television)Best Children's/Youth Programme Play It Strange 2008, Rachel Jean, Isola Productions Ltd (C4) Let's Get Inventin', Luke Nola, Television Spaceman Ltd (TV2)
 Polyfest '09, Lisa Taouma, TVNZ (TV2)Best Information/Lifestyle Programme Hunger for the Wild, Peter Young, Fisheye Films Ltd (TV One) Fair Go, Graeme Muir, TVNZ (TV One)
 What's Really in Our Food, Vincent Burke, Laurie Clarke; Top Shelf Productions Ltd (TV3)Best Entertainment Programme Dancing with the Stars, Debra Kelleher, TVNZ (TV One) Eating Media Lunch, Paul Casserly, Great Southern Television (TV2)
 Who Wants To Be A Millionaire?, Tony Holden, Steve Gilbert; Great Southern Television (TV One)Best Sports Broadcast International Netball Series 2008, Barbara Mitchell, TVNZ (TV One) Heineken Open Tennis Finals, Steve Jamieson, TVNZ (TV One)
 Powerbuilt Tools Motorsport, David Turner, TVNZ (TV One)Best Event Coverage Vodafone New Zealand Music Awards, Arwen O'Connor, Satellite Media (C4) C4 goes to Vodafone Homegrown, Satellite Media/C4 (C4)
 ONE News Special: Election '08, Darryl Walker, TVNZ (TV One)Best Observational Reality Series Rescue 1, Martin Cleave, Great Southern Television (TV2) Piha Rescue, Eric Derks, South Pacific Video Productions Ltd (TV One)
 The Zoo, Sharon Bennett for Greenstone Pictures, Greenstone Pictures (TV2)Best Constructed Reality Series Missing Pieces, David Lomas, Eyeworks New Zealand (TV3) New Zealand's Next Top Model, Anna Lynch, TV3 (TV3)
 Sensing murder, David Harry Baldock, Geoff Husson, Cinna Smith; Ninox Television (TV2)Best Performance by an Actress – General Television Emily Barclay, Piece of My Heart, MF Films Ltd (TV One) Sarah Peirse, Aftershock, Gibson Group (TV3)
 Annie Whittle, Piece of My Heart, MF Films Ltd (TV One)Best Performance by a Supporting Actress – General Television Keisha Castle-Hughes, Piece of My Heart, MF Films Ltd (TV One) Bronwyn Bradley, Go Girls, South Pacific Pictures (TV2)
 Siobhan Marshall, Outrageous Fortune, South Pacific Pictures (TV3)Best Performance by an Actor – General Television Cohen Holloway, Until Proven Innocent, Lippy Pictures Ltd (TV One) Bob McLaren, The Pretender, Great Southern Television (TV One)
 Antony Starr, Outrageous Fortune, South Pacific Pictures (TV3)Best Performance by a Supporting Actor – General Television Peter Elliott, Until Proven Innocent, Lippy Pictures Ltd (TV One) Owen Black, Shortland Street, South Pacific Pictures (TV2)
 Andre King, The Pretender, Great Southern Television (TV One)Best Presenter Entertainment/Factual Programme Jason Gunn, Dancing with the Stars, TVNZ (TV One) Petra Bagust, What's Really in Our Food, Top Shelf Productions Ltd (TV3)
 Te Radar, Off The Radar, JAM TV (TV One)Best Script – Drama/Comedy Programme James Griffin, Rachel Lang, Outrageous Fortune, South Pacific Pictures (TV3) Paula Boock, Donna Malane, Until Proven Innocent, Lippy Pictures Ltd (TV One)
 Fiona Samuel, Piece of My Heart, MF Films Ltd (TV One)Best Director – Drama/Comedy Programme Brendon Donovan, Aftershock, Gibson Group (TV3) Peter Burger, Until Proven Innocent, Lippy Pictures Ltd (TV One)
 Fiona Samuel, Piece of My Heart, MF Films Ltd (TV One)Best Director – Factual/Entertainment Programme Paul Casserly, Eating Media Lunch, Great Southern Television (TV2) Jane Andrew, Off The Radar, JAM TV (TV One)
 Paul Murphy, Sensing murder, Ninox Television (TV2)

 General Television (craft)  Best Multi Camera Direction in General Television Steve Jamieson, IRB World Sevens Series Wellington, TVNZ (TV One) Mitchell Hawkes, Vodafone NZ Music Awards, Satellite Media (C4)
 Mark Owers, Dancing with the Stars, TVNZ (TV One)Best Camera Work – Drama/Comedy Programme David Paul, Until Proven Innocent, Lippy Pictures Ltd (TV One) Simon Baumfield, Aftershock, Gibson Group (TV3)
 Martin Smith, Outrageous Fortune, South Pacific Pictures (TV3)Best Editing – Drama/Comedy Programme Paul Sutorius, Until Proven Innocent, Lippy Pictures Ltd (TV One) Margot Francis, Piece of My Heart, MF Films Ltd (TV One)
 Bryan Shaw, Outrageous Fortune, South Pacific Pictures (TV3)Best Original Music in General Television
 David Ironside, Lost in Libya, Pacific Screen (TV One) Jonathan Bree, Go Girls, South Pacific Pictures (TV2)
 Conrad Wedde, Luke Buda, Until Proven Innocent, Lippy Pictures Ltd (TV One)Best Sound Design in General Television Phil Burton, Don Paulin, Chris Hiles, Aftershock, Gibson Group (TV3) Tom Miskin, Steve Finnigan, The Amazing Extraordinary Friends, Images & Sound (TV2)
 Carl Smith, Steve Finnigan, Outrageous Fortune, Images & Sound (TV3)Best Production Design in General Television Tracey Collins, Piece of My Heart, MF Films Ltd (TV One) Flux Animation Studios, Buzzy Bee And Friends, Lion Rock Ventures Ltd (TV2)
 John Harding, Until Proven Innocent, Lippy Pictures Ltd (TV One)Best Contribution to Design in General Television Claire Palmer, Dancing with the Stars, TVNZ (TV One) Aftershock Effects Team, Aftershock, Gibson Group (TV3)
 Lesley Burkes-Harding, Until Proven Innocent, Lippy Pictures Ltd (TV One)

 Documentary  Best Popular Documentary A Good Way To Die?, Octopus Pictures (TV3) Life, Death and a Lung Transplant, Rachel Jean, Isola Productions Ltd (TV3)
 Mika Haka Kids, Mika X, Patangaroa Entertainment Ltd (Maori Television)Best Arts/Festival/Feature Documentary The Art Star and the Sudanese Twins, Pietra Brettkelly Assume Nothing, Kirsty MacDonald, Girl on a Bike Films
 Kapiti Art Project, Summer Agnew, Curious Film (TVNZ6)

 Documentary (craft)  Best Director – Documentary Pietra Brettkelly, The Art Star and the Sudanese Twins
 Summer Agnew, Kapiti Art Project, Curious Film (TVNZ6)|
 Gerard Smyth, Barefoot Cinema: The Life And Art Of Cinematographer Alun Bollinger, Frank Film (TV One)

Best Camerawork – Documentary/Factual Programme
 Tony Barnes, Obi Kenobi, Million Dollar Catch, Great Southern Television (TV3)
 Jacob Bryant, The Art Star And The Sudanese Twins
 Peter Young, Hunger For The Wild, Fisheye Films Ltd (TV One)

Best Editing – Documentary/Factual Programme
 Irena Dol, The Art Star And The Sudanese Twins
 Sandor Lau, Squeegee Bandit, Sandor Lau Creations
 Tim Woodhouse, TOKI Does New York, Octopus Pictures (TV One)

Feature Film

Best Feature Film – budget over $1 million
 Dean Spanley, Matthew Metcalfe, Alan Harris; General Film Corporation
 Apron Strings, Rachel Gardner, Great Southern Television
 Show of Hands, Angela Littlejohn, Great Southern Television

Best Feature Film – budget under $1 million
 The Topp Twins: Untouchable Girls, Arani Cuthbert, Diva Productions
 I'm Not Harry Jenson, Tom Hern, Six String Pictures
 The Map Reader, John Davies, Arkles Entertainment

Best Director in a Film Feature (budget under and over $1 million)
 Toa Fraser, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation
 Anthony McCarten, Show of Hands, Great Southern Television
 Sima Urale, Apron Strings, Great Southern Television

Best Lead Actor in a Feature Film
 Scott Wills, Apron Strings, Great Southern Television
 Joel Edgerton, Separation City, Separation City Productions
 Sam Neill, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation

Best Lead Actress in a Feature Film
 Jennifer Ludlam, Apron Strings, Great Southern Television
 Danielle Cormack, Separation City, Separation City Productions
 Melanie Lynskey, Show of Hands, Great Southern Television

Best Supporting Actor in a Feature Film
 Peter O'Toole, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation
 Les Hill, Separation City, Separation City Productions
 Cameron Rhodes, I'm Not Harry Jenson, Six String Pictures

Best Supporting Actress in a Feature Film
 Bonnie Soper, The Map Reader, Arkles Entertainment
 Nancy Brunning, The Strength of Water, Filmwork Ltd
 Michelle Langstone, Separation City, Separation City Productions

Best Screenplay for a Feature Film
 Alan Sharp, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation
 Briar Grace-Smith, The Strength of Water, Filmwork Ltd
 Shuchi Kothari, Dianne Taylor, Apron Strings, Great Southern Television

Feature Film (craft)

Best Cinematography in a Feature Film
 Rewa Harre, Apron Strings, Great Southern Television
 Bogumil Godfrejow, The Strength of Water, Filmwork Ltd
 Leon Narbey, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation

Best Editing in a Feature Film
 Harold Brodie, The Map Reader, Arkles Entertainment
 Eric de Beus, Apron Strings, Great Southern Television
 Chris Plummer, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation

Best Original Music in a Feature Film
 Jools Topp, Lynda Topp, The Topp Twins: Untouchable Girls, Diva Productions
 Don McGlashan, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation
 Samuel Flynn Scott, Luke Buda, Separation City, Separation City Productions

Best Sound Design in a Feature Film
 Dave Whitehead, The Strength of Water, Filmwork Ltd
 Chris Burt, David Long, The Topp Twins: Untouchable Girls, Diva Productions
 Paul Cotterell, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation

Best Production Design in a Feature Film
 Johnny Hawkins, Apron Strings, Great Southern Television
 Rick Kofoed, The Strength of Water, Filmwork Ltd
 Andrew McAlpine, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation

Best Costume Design in a Feature Film
 Odile Dicks-Mireaux, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation
 Kirsty Cameron, The Strength of Water, Filmwork Ltd

Best Make-Up Design in a Feature Film
 Marese Langan, Dean Spanley, General Film Corporation
 Deb Watson, The Strength of Water, Filmwork Ltd

Short film

Best Short Film
 Mark Albiston, Louis Sutherland, The Six Dollar Fifty Man, Sticky Pictures Limited
 James Cunningham, Poppy, Supercollider Ltd
 Grant Major, Undergrowth, Octopus Pictures

Best Performance in a Short Film
 Oscar Vandy-Connor, The Six Dollar Fifty Man, Sticky Pictures Limited
 Ian Hughes, Undergrowth, Octopus Pictures
 Cameron Rhodes, Brave Donkey, Robber's Dog Films

Short Film (craft)

Best Screenplay for a Short Film
 Mark Albiston, Louis Sutherland, The Six Dollar Fifty Man, Sticky Pictures Limited
 David Coyle, Poppy, Supercollider Ltd
 Peter Force, Adam Strange, Aphrodite's Farm, JoyRide Films Ltd

Outstanding Technical Contribution to a Short Film
 James Cunningham, Poppy, Supercollider Ltd
 Cushla Dillon, Brave Donkey, Robber's Dog Films
 Ginny Loane, Brave Donkey, Robber's Dog Films


Mark Bew

Mark Bew MBE (born 5 March 1967) is an English engineer and chairman of the PCSG consultancy business, formerly ECS. Until January 2015, he was also chairman of BuildingSMART's UK chapter, and was chair of the UK Government's BIM Task Group, a body created to drive implementation of building information modelling (BIM) across UK public sector construction projects.

Mark Bew worked at John Laing Construction, was business systems director with Costain, and then director of business information systems at URS Scott Wilson, before founding his own company, Engineering Construction Strategies (now a division of PCSG), to focus on the UK BIM strategy. In January 2012, he was recognised in the New Year Honours with an MBE for services to the construction sector.


Atrium Health University City

Atrium Health University City is a 130-bed acute care facility  located in Charlotte's University City area. This hospital is the location of the second busiest emergency departments in Mecklenburg County. It is owned by Atrium Health, one of the nation's largest publicly owned, not-for-profit hospital operators. It originally operated under University Hospital before changing names to Carolinas Medical Center-University, Carolinas HealthCare System University, and finally to Atrium Health University City.


Williams Lake Mustangs

The Williams Lake Mustangs was a Junior ice hockey team from Williams Lake, British Columbia, Canada. They are former members of the Rocky Mountain Junior Hockey League.

History
The Williams Lake Mustangs were founded in 1978 as members of the Peace-Cariboo Junior B League. In 1980, with the Peace-Cariboo League, the Mustangs were promoted to Junior A.

As members of the Peace-Cariboo League, the Mustangs won the PCJHL Trophy twice as playoff champions. They participated in the 1983 and 1989 Mowat Cup BC Jr. A Championships as representatives of the PCJHL. In 1983, the British Columbia Junior Hockey League's Abbotsford Flyers defeated the Mustangs 2-games-to-none. In 1989, the BCJHL's Vernon Lakers defeated the Mustangs 2-games-to-none.

In 1991, the PCJHL merged with franchises from the Kootenays Region and became the Rocky Mountain League. The Mustangs would win the RMJHL league title in 1993 and represent the league for the Mowat Cup. In 1993, the BCHL's Kelowna Spartans defeated the Mustangs 3-games-to-none.

In 1996, the Mustangs ceased operations. They would later be replaced by the Williams Lake TimberWolves in the early 2000s in the British Columbia Hockey League.

Season-by-season standings

Playoffs
1981 DNQ
1982 DNQ
1983 Won League, Lost Mowat Cup
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Dawson Creek Kodiaks 3-games-to-1
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Quesnel Millionaires 3-games-to-none
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Dawson Creek Kodiaks 4-games-to-1 PCJHL CHAMPIONS
Abbotsford Flyers (BCJHL) defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 2-games-to-none
1984 Lost Final
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Grande Prairie North Stars 4-games-to-none
Prince George Spruce Kings defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 4-games-to-1
1985 Lost Semi-final
Prince George Spruce Kings defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 4-games-to-none
1986 Lost Final
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Fort St. John Huskies 4-games-to-2
Prince George Spruce Kings defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 4-games-to-1
1987 DNQ
1988 Lost Semi-final
Grande Prairie North Stars defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 4-games-to-1
1989 Won League, Lost Mowat Cup
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Fort St. John Huskies 4-games-to-1
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Grande Prairie North Stars 4-games-to-1 PCJHL CHAMPIONS
Vernon Lakers (BCJHL) defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 2-games-to-none
1990 Lost Semi-final
Prince George Spruce Kings defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 4-games-to-1
1991 Lost Final
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Fort St. John Huskies 4-games-to-none
Prince George Spruce Kings defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 4-games-to-1
1992 Lost Quarter-final
Fort St. John Huskies defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 4-games-to-1
1993 Won League, Lost Mowat Cup
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Quesnel Millionaires 4-games-to-none
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Prince George Spruce Kings 4-games-to-none
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Cranbrook Colts 3-games-to-2 RMJHL CHAMPIONS
Kelowna Spartans (BCHL) defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 3-games-to-none
1994 Lost Quarter-final
Prince George Spruce Kings defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 4-games-to-none
1995 Lost Semi-final
Williams Lake Mustangs defeated Grande Prairie Chiefs 4-games-to-2
Prince George Spruce Kings defeated Williams Lake Mustangs 4-games-to-none
1996 DNQ

NHL alumni
Craig Berube
Wade Flaherty
Mark Kachowski
Dean Malkoc

External links
BC Hockey


Christianity in Yemen

Christianity is a minority religion in Yemen. The Yemeni constitution mentions religious liberty. There are three churches in Aden.

Present situation

According to one 2008 estimate, there are 3,000 Christians in Yemen, most of whom are foreign nationals and temporary residents.

There are about 4,000 Catholics in Yemen, who belong to the
Apostolic Vicariate of Arabia. The World Christian Encyclopedia, Second edition, Volume 1, states the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and the Russian Orthodox Church as largest denominations in Yemen. In Aden there are three Catholic churches and one Anglican church. In San'a there are weekly Protestant services. Christian missions from several countries are active in Yemen. There are hospitals that belong to foreign Christian institutions.

Protestants make up less than 1% of the population of Yemen. An American Baptist congregation is affiliated with a hospital in Jibla. The Anglican Church runs two charitable clinics in Aden. Some say that the relations between Christians and Muslims contribute to religious freedom. Conversion from Islam to Christianity is not legally recognized by the state. A 2015 study estimates that there are 400 Christians from a Muslim background in the country.

Christianity was a widespread religion on the territory of contemporary Yemen as early as in 6th century.


Carola Anding

Carola Anding (née Jacob; born December 29, 1960) is a former East German cross-country skier who competed during the early 1980s. She won a gold medal in the 4 × 5 km relay at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.

Anding also won a bronze medal in the 4 × 5 km relay at the 1982 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships.

Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).

Olympic Games
 1 medal – (1 gold)

World Championships
 1 medal – (1 bronze)

World Cup

Season standings

Individual podiums
 1 podium

Team podiums
 1 podium

Note:   Until the 1999 World Championships, World Championship races were included in the World Cup scoring system.


JUnit

JUnit is a unit testing framework for the Java programming language. JUnit has been important in the development of test-driven development, and is one of a family of unit testing frameworks which is collectively known as xUnit that originated with SUnit.

JUnit is linked as a JAR at compile-time; the framework resides under package junit.framework for JUnit 3.8 and earlier, and under package org.junit for JUnit 4 and later.

A research survey performed in 2013 across 10,000 Java projects hosted on GitHub found that JUnit (in a tie with slf4j-api), was the most commonly included external library. Each library was used by 30.7% of projects.

Example of JUnit test fixture
A JUnit test fixture is a Java object. With older versions of JUnit, fixtures had to inherit from junit.framework.TestCase, but the new tests using JUnit 4 should not do this. Test methods must be annotated by the @Test annotation. If the situation requires it, it is also possible to define a method to execute before (or after) each (or all) of the test methods with the @Before (or @After) and @BeforeClass (or @AfterClass) annotations.

import org.junit.*;

public class FoobarTest {
    @BeforeClass
    public static void setUpClass() throws Exception {
        // Code executed before the first test method
    }

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        // Code executed before each test
    }

    @Test
    public void testOneThing() {
        // Code that tests one thing
    }

    @Test
    public void testAnotherThing() {
        // Code that tests another thing
    }

    @Test
    public void testSomethingElse() {
        // Code that tests something else
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        // Code executed after each test
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void tearDownClass() throws Exception {
        // Code executed after the last test method
    }
}

Ports
JUnit alternatives have been written in other languages including:
 Actionscript (FlexUnit)
 Ada (AUnit)
 C (CUnit)
 C# (NUnit)
 C++ (CPPUnit, CxxTest)
 Coldfusion (MXUnit)
 Delphi (DUnit)
 Erlang (EUnit)
 Eiffel (Auto-Test) - JUnit inspired getest (from Gobosoft), which led to Auto-Test in Eiffel Studio.
 Fortran (fUnit, pFUnit)
 Free Pascal (FPCUnit)
 Golang (Go JUnit report)
 Haskell (HUnit)
 JavaScript (JSUnit)
 Microsoft .NET (NUnit)
 Objective-C (OCUnit)
 OCaml (OUnit)
 Perl (Test::Class and Test::Unit)
 PHP (PHPUnit)
 Python (PyUnit and junit-xml)
 Qt (QTestLib)
 R (RUnit)
 Ruby (JUnit for Rspec)


Bakarawan

Bakarawan is a small village in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India.  Most people of this village are farmers.


Xin Zhan: Red Cliff

Xin·Zhan ~RED CLIFF~ is the first Mandarin-language EP released by alan in Mainland China.

Xin・Zhan RED CLIFF Chi Bi Dian Ying Yuan Sheng Da Die is an extended version of the title track, used as the theme song for the 2008 Chinese film Red Cliff (Part I). It was also released with the film's original soundtrack album in Taiwan and Hong Kong as the end roll version, which is slightly longer. The Japanese version of this song, titled Red Cliff: Shin-Sen was released later that year in Japan.

The song was nominated for Best Original Song in the 28th Hong Kong Film Awards but lost to Jane Zhang's Painted Heart.

The other songs in the maxi-single are Mandarin-language versions of songs from alan's Japanese singles, sharing the same music. "San Seng Shi San Sheng Lu" is the Chinese version of "Sakura Modern" from Ashita e no Sanka, and "Yi Ge" and "Mi Shi De Zhu Fu" are Chinese versions of "Hitotsu" and "Tokyo Mimei" respectively, both from Hitotsu.

Track listing

CD
 Xin·Zhan ~RED CLIFF~ (心・战 ~RED CLIFF~; Heart, War ~RED CLIFF~) (Lyrics: Francis Lee, Music: Iwashiro Taro, Arrangement: Nakano Yuuta)
 Yi ge (一个; One) (Lyrics: Lin Ming Yang, Music: Kikuchi Kazuhito, Arrangement: Nakano Yuuta)
 San Sheng Shi San Sheng Lu (三生石三生路; Stones of 3 Lifetimes, Roads of 3 Lifetimes) (Lyrics: Chen Lizhi, Music: Kikuchi Kazuhito, Arrangement: tasuku)
 Mi Shi De Zhu Fu (迷失的祝福; Lost Blessings) (Lyrics: Cui Shu, Music: Kikuchi Kazuhito, Arrangement: Kyoda Seiichi)


Spintharus berniesandersi

Spintharus berniesandersi is a species of Spintharus ("smiley-faced spiders") in the family Theridiidae. It is endemic to Cuba.

It was described in 2018 by  and Lily Sargeant of the University of Vermont in a revision of the genus by Agnarsson and colleagues. This revision is in contrast to Herbert Walter Levi's taxonomy, which considered it to be intraspecific variation within Spintharus flavidus.

Distribution
The specimens mentioned in the original species description all came from Cuba. The holotype was collected in Mensura-Piloto National Park, near Mayarí, Holguín Province. Additional specimens were collected from El Yunque Mountain, near Baracoa, Guantánamo Province and Gran Piedra, Santiago de Cuba Province.

Description
The female abdomen lacks humps and is nearly oval.

Measurements
The male's total length is 2.47–2.66 mm, with a cephalothorax length of 0.74–0.98 mm and femur I length of 1.23–1.90 mm. The female's total length is 2.89–2.40 mm, with a cephalothorax length of 0.91–0.80 mm and a femur I length of 1.75–1.44 mm.

Genetics
Part of the diagnosis of S. berniesandersi includes the combination of four specific mitochondrial DNA nucleotide substitutions.

Etymology
The specific name honors Vermont senator Bernie Sanders, whom the authors describe as "a tireless fighter for human rights and equality, and environmentally aware social democracy". Due to its name, this species received media attention.


Oschophoria

The Oschophoria () were a set of ancient Greek festival rites held in Athens during the month Pyanepsion (autumn) in honor of Dionysus, the god of the vine. The festival may have had both agricultural and initiatory functions. Amidst much singing of special songs, two young men dressed in women's clothes would bear branches with grape-clusters attached (ὠσχοί) from Dionysus to the sanctuary of Athena Skiras, and a footrace followed in which select ephebes competed. Ancient sources connect the festival and its rituals to the Athenian hero-king Theseus and specifically to his return from his Cretan adventure. According to that myth, the Cretan princess Ariadne, whom Theseus had abandoned on the island of Naxos while voyaging home, was rescued by an admiring Dionysus; thus the Oschophoria may have honored Ariadne as well. A section of the ancient calendar frieze incorporated into the Byzantine Panagia Gorgoepikoos church in Athens, corresponding to the month Pyanopsion (alternate spelling), has been identified as an illustration of this festival's procession.


Gitanos F.C.

Gitanos F.C. was an English association football club.

The team primarily consisted of Old Etonians and Old Carthusians (men who had attended Eton or Charterhouse).

Reportedly founded in 1863, their name, Spanish for "gypsies", reflected that they had no home ground.  They appear to have mostly played on the road until using Prince's Cricket Ground in Chelsea by the mid-1870s.

History
The club competed in the FA Cup in 1873, losing to Uxbridge F.C. in the first round, but did not enter the competition after that year.

Records
Best FA Cup performance: 1st Round – 1873–74

Legacy
In 1891, an article in Fores's Sporting Notes reviewed a copy of the 1874 Football Annual and commented on how  clubs have come and gone over time.  The 1874 annual listed less than 200 football clubs in all of England, and by 1891 the author asked "what has become of such old giants as the Gitanos, Harrow Chequers, Pilgrims, and Woodford Wells."


Nasrabad Rural District (Kermanshah Province)

Nasrabad Rural District () is a rural district (dehestan) in the Central District of Qasr-e Shirin County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,899, in 489 families. The rural district has 14 villages.


Assembly of Ronda

The Assembly of Ronda (Spanish: Asamblea de Ronda) or Assembly of the Andalusian Provinces in Ronda (Spanish: Asamblea de las provincias andaluzas en Ronda) was a gathering of Andalusian nationalists convoked by the Centros Andaluces in Ronda, Province of Málaga in January 1918. It was the first Andalusian regionalist gathering to adopt what Blas Infante called "the insignia of Andalusia" (las insignias de Andalucía), now the flag and emblem of the autonomous community of Andalusia.

The assembly also adopted the projected 1883 Federal Constitution for Andalusia—the Constitution of Antequera—as a Magna Carta for Andalusia, and espoused a political program of putting it into practical effect, taking on the mantle of the Andalusianist movement of the late 19th century. The most immediate antecedent to the Assembly of Ronda was the foundation in 1916 of the first Centro Andaluz in Seville, presided over by Infante, and of the Andalusianist magazine Andalucía. The assembly discussed such topics as centralism, caciquismo, hunger, and bread and put forth a claim for "la Patria Andaluza" to the League of Nations. In that document, Andalusia was described as a país ("country") and a nacionalidad ("nationality").

The Assembly of Ronda was continued by the Assembly of Córdoba (1919).


Bugbyhole, U.S. Virgin Islands

Bugbyhole is a settlement on the island of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands.


Johannes Jelgerhuis

Johannes Jelgerhuis (1770 in Leeuwarden – 6 October 1836 in Amsterdam), was a 19th-century painter and actor from the Northern Netherlands.

Biography
According to the RKD he was the pupil of his father Rienk Jelgerhuis and Pieter Pietersz Barbiers. From 1808 he became an actor in the Stadsschouwburg (Amsterdam) and wrote an illustrated instruction booklet for actors. In 1820 he started teaching acting lessons in Amsterdam and he invited his former colleague Johanna Wattier to help.

He was also known for interiors and architectural studies, with a good eye for perspective. His painting of the interior of the bookshop of his publisher is in the collection of the Rijksmuseum. He painted topographical works in Delft, Rotterdam, Ghent, and Amsterdam.


Apollo (ballet)

Apollo (originally Apollon musagète and variously known as Apollo musagetes, Apolo Musageta, and Apollo, Leader of the Muses) is a neoclassical ballet in two tableaux composed between 1927 and 1928 by Igor Stravinsky. It was choreographed in 1928 by twenty-four-year-old George Balanchine, with the composer contributing the libretto. The scenery and costumes were designed by André Bauchant, with new costumes by Coco Chanel in 1929. The scenery was executed by Alexander Shervashidze, with costumes under the direction of Mme. A. Youkine. The American patron of the arts Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge had commissioned the ballet in 1927 for a festival of contemporary music to be held the following year at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.

The story centres on Apollo, the Greek god of music, who is visited by three Muses: Terpsichore, muse of dance and song; Polyhymnia, muse of mime; and Calliope, muse of poetry. The ballet takes Classical antiquity as its subject, though its plot suggests a contemporary situation. It is concerned with the reinvention of tradition, since its inspiration is Baroque, Classical, or even post-baroque/rococo/galant.

It is scored for chamber orchestra of 34 string instruments (8.8.6.8.4).

Music
Stravinsky began composing Apollo on 16 July 1927 and completed the score on 9 January 1928. He composed for a refined instrumental force, a string orchestra of 34 instrumentalists: 8 first violins, 8 second violins, 6 violas, 4 first cellos, 4 second cellos and 4 double basses.

The commission from the Library of Congress and underwritten by Mrs. Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge paid him $1,000 for the piece, which was required to use only six dancers, require a small orchestra, and last no more than half an hour, but allowed him free choice of subject. Stravinsky had been thinking of writing a ballet on an episode in Greek mythology for some time and decided to make Apollo, leader of the muses, its central figure while reducing the number of muses from nine to three. They were Terpsichore, personifying the rhythm of poetry and the eloquence of gesture as embodied in the dance; Calliope, combining poetry and rhythm; and Polyhymnia, representing mime. Stravinsky explained the original title Apollon Musagète to mean "Apollo, Leader of the Muses".

Stravinsky wrote for a homogeneous ensemble of bowed string instruments, substituting contrasts in dynamics for the contrasts in timbre he employed in Pulcinella. The ballet takes its inspiration from the grand tradition of French 17th- and 18th-century music, in particular that of Lully, a source Stravinsky returned to when composing Agon in 1957. The prologue begins with dotted rhythms in the style of a French overture. The work relies on a basic rhythmic cell, presented at the beginning of the work, which Stravinsky transforms by subdivisions of successive values that become increasingly complex. Stravinsky revised the score slightly in 1947. In 1963, he indicated he intended to make further changes, particularly with respect to double-dotting many of the dotted-rhythm passages in Baroque style.

Ballet
The first ballet version of Stravinsky's Apollon musagète, commissioned especially for the Washington festival, premiered on 27 April 1928 with choreography by Adolph Bolm, who also danced the role of Apollo. Adolph Bolm put together a company of dancers for the premiere in a country which, at that time, lacked a readily available source of classically trained dancers. Ruth Page, Berenice Holmes (Gene Kelly's ballet teacher), and Elise Reiman were the three Muses and Hans Kindler conducted. Stravinsky took no interest in the U.S. performance, and Bolm's choreography is now practically forgotten.

He had reserved the European rights to the score for Sergei Diaghilev, whose Ballets Russes production, choreographed by the 24-year-old Balanchine, opened at the Théâtre Sarah Bernhardt in Paris on 12 June 1928. Stravinsky conducted the performance. The concertmaster was Marcel Darrieux.

In accordance with Stravinsky's wishes, the style of dancing was essentially classical, and Stravinsky thought of "Apollon musagète" as a ballet blanc, that is, costumed in traditional minimal white. Balanchine later said that when he heard Stravinsky's music all he could see was pristine white. The clarity, calm, even serenity of the music makes it seem infinitely remote from the colorful excitement of Stravinsky's earlier ballets. The avoidance of any conflict in the scenario, of any narrative, psychological or expressive intent, was further matched by monochrome costumes for the dancers and the absence of elaborate scenery on stage.

Scenery and costumes for Balanchine's production were by French artist André Bauchant. Coco Chanel provided new costumes in 1929. Apollo wore a reworked toga with a diagonal cut, a belt, and laced up. The Muses wore a traditional tutus. The decoration was baroque: two large sets, with some rocks and Apollo's chariot. In the dance a certain academicism resurfaced in the stretching out and upward leaping of the body, but the Balanchine bent the angles of the arms and hands to define instead the genre of neoclassical ballet.

The scenario involved the birth of Apollo, his interactions with the three Muses, Calliope (poetry), Polyhymnia (mime) and Terpsichore (dance and song), and his ascent as a god to Mount Parnassus. The original cast included Serge Lifar as Apollo, Alice Nikitina as Terpsichore (alternating with Alexandra Danilova), Lubov Tchernicheva as Calliope, Felia Doubrovska as Polyhymnia and Sophie Orlova as Leto, mother of Apollo.

For a revival with Mikhail Baryshnikov as Apollo in 1979, he also omitted Apollo's first variation and re-choreographed the ballet's ending. This revision concluded not with Apollo's ascent to Mount Parnassus but rather with moving the "peacock" tableau of the Muses in arabesques of ascending height beside Apollo, which originally happened slightly earlier, to the final pose. In the 1980 staging for the New York City Ballet, Apollo's first variation was restored.

Suzanne Farrell restored the birth scene for her company in 2001, as did Arthur Mitchell for his Dance Theatre of Harlem performance at Symphony Space's Wall to Wall Balanchine in conjunction with City Ballet's Balanchine centennial and Iain Webb for The Sarasota Ballet's Tribute to Nureyev performance in February 2015 (staged by Sandra Jennings).

Form
The characters are Apollo and three muses: Calliope, the muse of poetry; Polyhymnia, the muse of rhetoric; and Terpsichore, the muse of dance. The theme is: Apollon musagetes instructs the muses in their arts and leads them to Parnassus. The ballet is divided into two tableaux:

 First tableau
 Prologue: The Birth of Apollo
 Second tableau
 Variation of Apollo
 Pas d'action (Apollo and the Three Muses)
 Variation of Calliope (the Alexandrine)
 Variation of Polyhymnia
 Variation of Terpsichore
 Second Variation of Apollo
 Pas de deux
 Coda
 Apotheosis

Other premieres
ABT first premiered the ballet in 1943 in New York City at the Metropolitan Opera House.
 The Stravinsky score was used by Margaret Scott in creating her version of Apollon Musagete for the Ballet Guild in 1951, by Charles Lisner in his 1962 version for the Queensland Ballet, and by Robin Grove in his 1967 production for the Victorian Ballet Company.
 The Royal Ballet premiere was on 15 November 1966, with Robert Mead as Apollo, Georgina Parkinson as Terpsichore, Monica Mason as Polyhymnia and Vyvyan Lorrayne as Calliope.
 The first performance of the Balanchine work in Australia was by the Australian Ballet on 3 May 1991, when it was staged for the company by Karin von Aroldingen, former leading artist of New York City Ballet. On opening night, Steven Heathcote danced the role of Apollo with Justine Miles as Calliope, Miranda Coney as Polyhymnia and Lisa Pavane as Terpsichore. Lighting was by William Akers. A 1997 Australian Ballet staging again saw Heathcote in the title role, with Justine Summers dancing as Terpsichore, Lucinda Dunn as Polyhymnia and Simone Goldsmith as Calliope.
 First performance by Birmingham Royal Ballet was on 24 September 2003 at the Birmingham Hippodrome.
 The New York City Ballet premiere was 15 November 1951, at City Center of Music and Drama, New York.

Casts

Original
Felia Doubrovska
Alice Nikitina
Lubov Tchernicheva
Serge Lifar

NYCB premiere
Diana Adams
André Eglevsky
Tanaquil LeClercq
Maria Tallchief

NYCB revivals

February 2008, Nikolaj Hübbe farewell
Ashley Bouder
Nikolaj Hübbe
Rachel Rutherford
Wendy Whelan

Further information
Balanchine shortened the title to Apollo in the 1950s, which Stravinsky himself came to prefer. Despite the popularly considered Balanchine-Stravinsky Greek link due to Balanchine's later work with Stravinsky scores in Orpheus and Agon, the music for Apollo was commissioned by the Library of Congress. Orpheus may be considered a sequel to Apollo but Agon is a formal plotless ballet whose title in Greek evokes a contest.


Joseph Merhi

Joseph Toufik Merhi (born 23 October 1953), is an American independent film director and producer.

In 1986, Merhi founded the production company City Lights with producer Ronald L. Gilchrist for his first movie Hollywood in Trouble. Around 1989 after splitting from producer Ronald Gilchrist's City Lights Mehri started PM Entertainment along with fellow director Richard Pepin (the PM Entertainment name comes from surnames Pepin-Mehri). Soon George Shamieh joined as the third partner. The company was sold to The Harvey Entertainment Group in 2000 and closed soon after. In 2003 the movie library was sold to Echo Bridge Home Entertainment. PM Entertainment's library consisted of over 150 films and 2 TV series.

Before entering the movie industry, Merhi was the owner of several pizzerias located in the Las Vegas, Nevada area.

So far, he has directed a total of 32 movies, and produced more than 100. He directed the 1990 film Repo Jake.

His last directed movie was Executive Target (1997). After that, he decided to leave the director chair and slowly moved on as a producer/executive producer of straight-to-DVD movies, until he returned to direct Oranges (2008) ten years after his last effort.


1962 Vermont gubernatorial election

The 1962 Vermont gubernatorial election took place on November 6, 1962. Incumbent Republican F. Ray Keyser, Jr. ran unsuccessfully for re-election to a second term as Governor of Vermont, losing to Democratic candidate Philip H. Hoff. Hoff was the first Democrat elected Governor of Vermont since 1852.

Republican primary

Results

Democratic primary

Results

General election

Results


Great Acceleration

The Great Acceleration refers to the dramatic continual and roughly simultaneous surge in growth rate across a large range of measures of human activity, first recorded in mid-20th century and continuing to this day. Within the concept of the proposed epoch of anthropocene, these measures are those specifically of humanity's impact upon the Earth's geology and its ecosystems. In the concept, the Great Acceleration can be variously classified as the only age of the epoch to date, one of many ages of the epoch – depending on the epoch's proposed start date – or a defining feature of the epoch that is thus not an age, as well as other classifications.

Environmental historian J. R. McNeill has argued that the Great Acceleration is idiosyncratic of the current age and is doomed to halt in the near future; that it has never happened before and will never happen again. However, climate change scientist and chemist Will Steffen's team have found that evidence is inconclusive to testify or rule out such a claim.

Related to Great Acceleration is the concept of accelerating change. While not explicitly commenting on whether the Great Acceleration as a whole is set to continue into the near future, the common implication is that the particular trend of accelerating progress won't cease until technological singularity is achieved, at which point technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, resulting in unfathomable changes to the Earth and sometimes even the universe itself. Therefore, while adherents of the theory do not comment on the short-term fate of the Great Acceleration, they do hold that its eventual fate is continuation, which also contradicts McNeill's conclusions. Numerous notable scientists, futurists and public figures such as Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, John von Neumann, Ray Kurzweil, Nick Bostrom, and others support this theory.

Overview

In tracking the effects of human activity upon the Earth, a number of socioeconomic and earth system parameters are utilized including population, economics, water usage, food production, transportation, technology, green house gases, surface temperature, and natural resource usage. The Anthropocene is typically depicted as following the Holocene, to emphasize the central role of humankind in geology and ecology. Since 1950, these trends are increasing significantly if not exponentially.

Great Acceleration Data Classification Categories

The international Geosphere-Biosphere Programme has divided and analyzed data from years 1750 to 2010 into two broad categories, each with 12 subcategories.  The first category of socioeconomic trend data illustrates the impact on the second, the earth system trend data.

Socioeconomic trends

 Population
 Real GDP
 Foreign Direct Investment
 Urban population
 Primary energy use
 Fertiliser consumption
 Large dams
 Water use
 Paper production
 Transportation
 Telecommunications
 International Tourism

Earth System Trends

 Carbon dioxide
 Nitrous oxide
 Methane
 Stratospheric ozone
 Surface temperature
 Ocean acidification
 Marine fish capture
 Shrimp aquaculture
 Nitrogen to  coastal zone
 Tropical forest loss
 Domesticated land
 Terrestrial biosphere degradation


Penza Governorate

Penza Governorate () was an administrative division (a guberniya) of the Russian Empire, located in the Volga Region. It existed from 1796 to 1797 and again from 1801 to 1928; its seat was in the city of Penza.

Uyezds
Penza Governorate was subdivided into ten uyezds:

 Gorodishchensky Uyezd
 Insarsky Uyezd
 Kerensky Uyezd
 Krasnoslobodsky Uyezd
 Mokshansky Uyezd
 Narovchatsky Uyezd
 Nizhnelomovsky Uyezd
 Penzensky Uyezd
 Saransky Uyezd
 Chembarsky Uyezd

Demographics
At the time of the Russian Empire Census of 1897, Penza Governorate had a population of 1,470,474. Of these, 83.0% spoke Russian, 12.8% Mordvin, 4.0% Tatar, 0.1% Ukrainian and 0.1% Polish as their native language.


Thomas Boord

Sir Thomas William Boord, 1st Baronet FSA JP VD (14 July 1838 – 2 May 1912) was a British Conservative Party politician.

Boord was the son of Joseph Boord and his wife Mary Ann (née Newstead). He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Greenwich a by-election in August 1873, and held the seat until he stood down at the 1895 general election. Apart from his political career he was a Captain the 1st Volunteer Battalion of the King's Royal Rifle Corps, a Justice of the Peace and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. On 18 February 1896 he was created a baronet, of Wakehurst Place in the County of Sussex.

Boord married Margaret, daughter of Thomas George Mackinlay, in 1861. They had three sons and two daughters. He died in May 1912, aged 73, and was succeeded in the baronetcy by his eldest son William. Lady Boord died in 1918.

Notes