Phantom of the Opera (1976 musical)

Phantom of the Opera is a 1976 musical with book and lyrics by Ken Hill. It is the  first musical adaptation of the novel The Phantom of the Opera by Gaston Leroux, about the hideously disfigured Phantom's amorous obsession with the magnificent, naïve singer, Christine. Hill wrote the original English lyrics to the music of Verdi, Gounod, Offenbach, Mozart, Weber, Donizetti, and Boito.

History
Hill’s Phantom of the Opera was the first musical version of the story by Gaston Leroux and has enjoyed financial success. Hill's musical inspired the award-winning Andrew Lloyd Webber musical version of the story.

As Ken Hill rummaged through a used bookstore, he picked up a copy of Gaston Leroux's The Phantom of the Opera novel and eventually produced it as a stage musical. The show started off as a production at Morecambe Pier as the first staged musical version, and then when Hill was working as Director of Productions for the Newcastle Playhouse. This first production was produced at The Duke’s Playhouse in Lancaster on 26 July 1976, where it proved to be a hit. It was directed by John Blackmore, designed by Clare Lyth, with musical direction by Gary Yershon. It differed from the later version of Ken Hill’s musical, in having a modern musical score by Ian Armit (who also worked with Hill on his production of The Curse of the Werewolf) in addition to excerpts from the opera Faust by Charles Gounod.

In 1984, Hill revived his musical version of The Phantom of the Opera. This time though, he wanted to add the kind of music that would have been heard at the Opéra Garnier in the late 19th century. Consequently, he discarded the modern score by Ian Armit and wrote original English lyrics that told Gaston Leroux’s tale. By placing them to opera arias by Gounod, Offenbach, Verdi, Weber, Mozart, Donizetti, and Boito, he created a musical that reflected the era in which the original novel was written. This updated version of The Phantom of the Opera was produced in a joint production by the Newcastle Playhouse and the Theatre Royal Stratford East, and premiered at the Newcastle Playhouse on 3 April 1984, before shortly moving to the Theatre Royal Stratford East. In between, the show had two very brief runs at the New Tyne Theatre in Newcastle and the Grand Theatre in Wolverhampton - neither of those productions did very well. When the show got the Theatre Royal Stratford East, Sarah Brightman, who created the role of Christine in the Lloyd Webber version, was famously asked to perform the role of Christine in the 1984 cast but she turned it down, leaving the role for the opera singer Christina Collier.

Andrew Lloyd Webber, who at the time was married to Brightman, and Cameron Mackintosh attended a performance of Ken Hill’s Phantom of the Opera at the Theatre Royal Stratford East. Prompted by the good reviews, they approached Hill about the possibility of their collaborating on developing a grand scale version of his Phantom in the West End, and offered to produce it. In fact, Hill and Lloyd Webber had worked together earlier on a revival of Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat at the Winchester Theatre. Lloyd Webber and his producer, Cameron Mackintosh, had been highly enthusiastic when they broached Hill about his Phantom of the Opera. But in the end, Lloyd Webber chose to pursue the musical without Hill.

Phantom of the Opera then emerged on the other side of the Atlantic in 1987 for its American premiere in St. Louis at the Repertory Theatre of St. Louis. This production starred Sal Mistretta as The Phantom - his performance won him the St. Louis Theatre Critics Award. A second US production was mounted in 1988 in San Francisco at the Theatre in the Square, produced by Jonathan Reinis.

The productions of Phantom of the Opera in St. Louis and San Francisco were so successful that Hill was asked to mount a national tour of the United States. Jonathan Reinis (who later produced Ken Hill’s The Invisible Man in London) formed Phantom Touring Company Inc. who acted as the producers for the tour, along with Electric Factory Concerts. The tour began in 1989, with musical arrangements and designs by the original Newcastle Playhouse team. It performed for a few years to packed houses all over America, travelling to approximately 110 cities, and grossing a total of $72 million.

In 1991, Phantom of the Opera returned to the United Kingdom where it embarked on a national tour produced by Stewart Macpherson and then transferred to London’s West End. It opened at the Shaftesbury Theatre on 18 December 1991, with a similar cast to the 1984 production - Peter Straker was The Phantom and Christina Collier as Christine. But despite positive reviews, the West End production did poorly at the box office at the time of IRA bombings, and closed earlier than expected, on 11 April 1992. However, the production was nominated for two Olivier Awards for Best New Musical and Best Director of a Musical, the latter of which placed Ken Hill against Simon Callow and Judi Dench. It left the West End to commence the first of several Japanese, Asian and Australasian tours all produced by Stewart Macpherson.

Synopsis

Act I
The story begins ("Introduction") with Richard, new manager of the Paris Opera House (previously president of Northern Railways and a member of the Stock Exchange Choir), greeted by the artists and staff ("Welcome Sir, I'm So Delighted"). The previous managers of the Paris Opera did not last very long, due to problems with the legend of the Opera Ghost, who demands 20,000 francs a month and his own private box. These requests are defied by the adamant and foolish Richard, little knowing the mayhem that will take place if he refuses to accept the Ghost's demands. Madame Giry, the box keeper, warns Richard that he may have upset the "Ghost". She is horrified when Richard demands use of Box Five (the Ghost's box). She knows the "Ghost" won't stand idly by while Richard refuses to accept his demands. She warns Richard to expect a run of horrific events.

The evening performance begins ("Accursed All Base Pursuit of Earthly Pleasure"). The ghost provides his first warning in the form of the murder of Mephistopheles. After the performance, Richard's handsome (if somewhat dim) son Raoul, who is madly in love with the chorus girl Christine Daae, goes to her dressing room, only to hear her speak with another man. Jealous, Raoul enters the room to find it empty. This "ghost" seems very real, as is his love for Christine and woe betide anyone who gets in his way ("How Dare She").

A Groom comes to talk to Richard in his office about the disappearance of a horse named Caesar ("Late Last Night I'm In The Cellars"). Richard decides that the man is an idiot and promptly fires him. Raoul, feeling betrayed, meets with Christine at a local graveyard ("All Of My Dreams Faded Suddenly"). He is then introduced to the angelic voice of the Angel Of Music ("While Floating High Above"). Christine leaves and the Phantom attempts to throttle Raoul, but is disturbed by a Grave Digger, and runs off. Back at the Opera House, the unfortunate Richard has had to stand by while his son pursues the chorus girl Christine Daae, and now must convince his diva Carlotta, who feels she is too ill to perform, to sing at the performance later that evening, with the help of his staff ("She Says She's Got The Nodules"). An agreement is made that Christine Daae will sing the role, while Carlotta mimes the act.

This wasn't what the Phantom had in mind. He'll not cease causing "accidents" and will do all in his power to disrupt the proceedings, including rubbing out the lead singer. At the evening performance, Carlotta mimes the act incorrectly and very clearly out-of-sync with Christine ("What Do I See"). Christine faints before the end of the performance and Carlotta starts to croak like a frog, causing her to call the performance to halt. Laughing madly, the Phantom declares to the whole stage that Carlotta is bringing down the chandelier. But then, he finds the chandelier is the wrong one and switches it to a candelabra, dropping it on Carlotta.

After the performance, Christine and Raoul meet on the rooftop of the Opera House to discuss running away from the Opera House and the Phantom together. But the Phantom isn't very far away at all. He appears from behind the statue of Apollo and towers above them ("To Pain My Heart Selfishly Dooms Me"). Christine and Raoul leave the roof, leaving the Phantom alone. An old man enters, throwing bird-seed down for the pigeons on the Opera House's roof. The Phantom's hurt turns to anger, and he throws the unfortunate man off the building. He screams that Christine will be his and the first act ends.

Act II
A performance of Faust begins with Christine singing the lead role of Marguerite ("Ah! Do I Hear My Lover's Voice?"). However, during the song there's an unscheduled blackout and when the lights come back up, Christine has disappeared. The show quickly adjourns and the rest of the cast search high and low for her all over the Opera House, taking their lanterns into the audience ("No Sign! I See No Sign!"). But to no avail. The scene switches to the Phantom's underground domain where he has kidnapped Christine in his boat and ties her to a post at his mist-shrouded dock before rowing slowly back into the darkness, leaving Christine behind ("Somewhere Above The Sun Shines Bright").

Meanwhile, the search party above ground migrates to the boiler room and the Persian reveals his true identity, and fills us in on the Phantom's history ("Born With A Monstrous Countenance"). Raoul searches for a way down to the cellars below the Opera House ("In The Shadows, Dim And Dreay"). He succeeds and slips through a manhole with the rest of the group, into a boiler room. However things quickly heat up, literally, as the Phantom traps them inside. It looks like the end for the motley group, and they break into a chorus of ("What An Awful Way To Perish").

The final scene takes place in the Phantom's Chapel, with his organ and its unkempt riot of sheet music as a center-piece. He seems determined to wed Christine and expresses his love for her ("Ne'er Forsake Me, Here Remain"). As the song ends, Christine tears off his mask and the Phantom screams in anger and shame, hiding his face from Christine. His sobs fade and he turns back, with a determined and violent look in his eyes, and produces a priest and chorus girl to bear witness to the forced marriage between him and Christine. But just in time, Raoul, the Persian and the rest of the group burst in, having escaped the Boiler Room and come through The Phantom's traps. The Phantom, suddenly finding himself in a tight spot, produces a knife and pulls Christine in front of him. In act of love to Christine, the Phantom stabs himself with his own dagger and dies in Christine's arms ("Ne'er Forsake me, Here Remain"). Christine remarks that the Phantom was always the angel of music ("He Will Not Go Without A Friend").

Musical numbers

Act I
 Welcome Sir I'm So Delighted (Music: Offenbach, La Vie Parisienne) - Debienne, Remy, Faust, Mephistopheles, Richard, Raoul, Jammes
 Accursed All Base Pursuit Of Earthly Pleasure (Music: Gounod, Faust) - Faust
 How Dare She - (Music: Verdi, Simon Boccanegra) Raoul
 Late Last Night I'm In The Cellars (Music: Boito, Mefistofele) - The Groom
 Love Has Flown, Never Returning (Music: Offenbach, Les contes d'Hoffmann) - Christine
 All Of My Dreams Faded Suddenly - (Music: Dvorák, Rusalka) Christine
 While Floating High Above - (Music: Bizet, Les pêcheurs de perles) The Phantom
 She Says She's Got The Nodules (Music: Offenbach, La Vie Parisienne) - Faust, Carlotta, Richard, Remy, Jammes, Debienne, Christine
 What Do I See (Music: Gounod, Faust) - Christine (as Carlotta)
 To Pain My Heart Selfishly Dooms Me (Music: Offenbach, Les contes d'Hoffmann) - The Phantom, Raoul, Christine

Act II
 The Entr'Acte
 Ah! Do I Hear My Lover's Voice? (Music: Gounod, Faust) - Faust, Christine
 No Sign! I See No Sign! (Music: von Weber, Der Freischütz; and Verdi, Un Ballo in Maschera) - Debienne, Richard, Raoul, Remy, Dominique, Faust, Jammes, Madam Giry
 Somewhere Above The Sun Shines Bright (Music: Verdi, Il Corsaro) - Christine
 Born With A Monstrous Countenance (Music: Verdi, Attila) - The Persian
 In The Shadows, Dim And Dreary (Music: Verdi, Il Trovatore) - Raoul, The Persian
 'What An Awful Way To Perish (Music: Donizetti, Lucia di Lammermoor) - Faust, The Persian, Madam Giry, Richard, Jammes, Raoul
 The Final Drama
 Ne'er Forsake Me, Here Remain (Music: Gounod, Faust) - The Phantom
 Ne'er Forsake Me, Here Remain (Reprise) - The Phantom, Christine
 He Will Not Go Without A Friend - (Music: Mozart, Don Giovanni) Company

"All Of My Dreams Faded Suddenly", sung by the character Christine, was added to the show in 1992 for the first Japanese tour, based upon an aria by Antonín Dvořák. It replaced "Love Has Flown, Never Returning", but not before the latter had been recorded onto the West End cast recording of Phantom of the Opera. The newer song has never been recorded and released.

Further productions
Since 1992, Phantom of the Opera has been performed around the world, in countries such as New Zealand, Australia, Italy, Germany, Japan, and Korea. The most recent production of Phantom took place in 2013 in Tokyo, Japan running from 19 December 2013 to 29 December 2013. It was produced by Stewart Macpherson who originally produced the West End production in 1991.

Recording
The official cast recording of the show was released in 1993 by D Sharp Records. It featured the entire West End cast, and includes all the songs in the show. It was also later released by two other record labels; Stetson Records (an offshoot of The Stetson Group), and BMG. The latter versions of the CD were mainly sold in Japan (in Japanese packaging), Australia and New Zealand, on national tours.


Michael Christianson

Michael Christianson (born April 7, 1965) is an American football college and professional coach. Christianson most recently served as the assistant running backs coach and the Director of Technology for the San Francisco 49ers of the National Football League (NFL) in 2011 thru 2013 which featured a Super Bowl appearance against the Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XLVII (47). Prior to his tenure with the 49ers, Christianson also served on University of Michigan Head Coach Jim Harbaugh's staff at the University of San Diego (USD) where the Toreros of the Pioneer Football League won a Division I-AA Mid-Major National title in 2006. He has worked as a football coach at several other National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institutions, including The University of Nebraska, Montana State University and Portland State University. Christianson coached the offensive line in 2002-2003 as a member of Jon Gruden's staff and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, winning Super Bowl XXXVII (37). Christianson played tight-end and offensive lineman at Western Oregon University.

Playing career

Christianson was a linebacker and tight-end at Kuna High School (Kuna, ID). He went on to play college football at Portland State University (NCAA FCS) and then transferred to Western Oregon University (NAIA DIVII).

Coaching career

Christianson began his coaching career at his alma mater, Western Oregon University in 1991 and spent 4 years coaching the offensive line and the tight-ends. In 1995, he spent one season with the Lewis & Clark College Pioneers (NAIA DivII) as the recruiting coordinator and tight-ends/running backs coach.

He then went on to coach in the Big Sky Conference and Portland State University (PSU). At PSU he coached one year as the assistant offensive line coach and 3 years as the Vikings running backs coach. While at Portland State he is largely attributed for helping to develop one of the most prolific running backs in Portland State school history in Charles 'Chip' Dunn. Dunn, who played at PSU from 1997-2000, rushed for more than 6,000 yards as a Viking, was a first-team All-American and is a member of the Portland State Athletics Hall of Fame. In 2013 Dunn ranked number 35 among Big Sky Conference's Top 50 All-Time Athletes.

Christianson left Portland State in 2000 to coach the tight-ends for the Bobcats and Montana State University.

He made his NFL coaching debut as the assistant offensive line coach for the 2002 Super Bowl XXXVII Champion Tampa Bay Buccaneers and head coach Jon Gruden. After a short stint with the Oakland Raiders as a contractor, he followed Raiders head coach, Bill Callahan to the University of Nebraska 2004 thru 2006 where he was the senior offensive assistant and helped Callahan with all facets of the program. He was instrumental in assisting offensive coordinator Jay Norvell in developing the west coast offense in Lincoln. The Huskers beat Michigan in the 2005 Alamo Bowl during his tenure. While at the University of Nebraska, he oversaw the development and execution of one of the largest athletic technology projects in Nebraska history.

Christianson had a couple stops with both Avid Sports and XOS Digital where he worked to develop, implement and train coaches on the use and benefits of technology as it relates to the sport of football. Christianson is considered an expert when it comes to technology and how it relates to the game of football. He coordinated and helped develop large football technology projects at the Oakland Raiders, the University of Nebraska and the San Francisco 49ers to name just a few.

After working with Jim Harbaugh at the Raiders, he joined the staff at the University of San Diego (USD) in 2006. At USD, Christianson worked as the tight-end coach and assistant offensive Line coach with current University of Southern Cal Run Game Coordinator/Runningback Coach, Tim Drevno. During his tenure, USD won the Pioneer Football League championship and an NCAA Division I-AA Mid-Major National Championship. That year, USD led the Nation in passing offense, total offense, and scoring offense. He also coached USD starting tight end Chris Ramsey to a 2nd Team Mid-Major All-American honors.

In 2012, Christianson coached in his second Super Bowl after joining the San Francisco 49ers in February 2011. Working closely with Tom Rathman, Christianson played a major role in 2011 in the development of the 49ers rushing attack and in mentoring veteran player Frank Gore to his 5th 1,000 yard season. Gore became the 49ers all-time leading rusher in 2011. Christianson coached running back Frank Gore in 2012 when Gore was named to the NFL Pro Bowl.

Personal life

Christianson is a native of Boise Idaho and is married to his wife Tracy. He received his bachelor's and master's degree in secondary education and administration with a minor in computer applications from Western Oregon University & Oregon State University.


Stob Coire a' Chàirn

Stob Coire a’ Chàirn is a Scottish mountain situated in the Mamores range, 3.5 kilometres north of Kinlochleven. The mountain reaches a height of 981 metres (3218 feet) and  is regarded as one of the more modest peaks of the ten Munros in the Mamores, indeed for many years it was not named on OS maps. Despite this, it is situated at a strategically important point and could be said to be the most central of the group with three ridges radiating out to other Munros. The mountains name translates from Gaelic as “Peak of the Corrie of the Cairn”.

Stob Coire a’ Chàirn, despite its Munro status is probably best known for being part of the Ring of Steall which is regarded as one of the best ridge walks in Scotland which also takes in the other Munros of An Gearanach, Am Bodach and Sgurr a' Mhàim. Stob Coire a’ Chàirn has three main ridges, the northern one connects to An Gearanach, the south east to Na Gruagaichean and the south west to Am Bodach. On the southern flank of the mountain is the broad expanse of the Coire na Ba which is drained by the Allt Coire na Ba which flows south to join the River Leven at Kinlochleven. Coire na Ba has an excellent and well graded stalkers path which gives easy access to the Mamores ridge from the south.

The direct ascent of Stob Coire a’ Chàirn starts at Kinlochleven and uses the aforementioned stalkers path up Coire na Ba to reach the east ridge of the mountain which is followed to the summit. Because of its central position in the Mamores, Stob Coire a’ Chàirn is usually climbed with other Munros in the group and many permutations are possible. The summit of the mountain is marked by a rough pile of stones with the outlook from the top giving a good view of Glen Coe and its hills.


Zanja Madre

The Zanja Madre (English: "Mother Trench") is the original aqueduct that brought water to the Pueblo de Los Angeles from the Río Porciúncula (Los Angeles River). The original open, earthen ditch was completed by community laborers within a month of founding the pueblo.
This water system was used for both domestic uses and irrigation to fields west of town. This availability of water was essential to the survival and growth of the community founded here. Brick conduits   in diameter were built to improve the system after 1884. Eventually the system did not supply enough water to keep pace with population growth and irrigation demand. The system was abandoned by 1904 though portions were still used for storm water purposes.

Origins
The Pueblo de Los Angeles was an official settlement of Spain. They had three types of settlements in Alta California: presidio (military), mission (religious) and pueblo (civil). The pueblos would provide the commercial and agricultural needs of the military as an alternative to the missions. Governor Felipe de Neve took the assignment of creating this settlement very seriously and had elaborate plans drawn up outlining the details of its infrastructure. The plan included a governmental directive for the provision of water to be delivered to the settlement, stating, "there should be examined all the lands which may receive the benefit of irrigation, marking the place most proper to divert the water, so that it may be allotted to the largest portion of lands." It was also directed that the pueblo be placed on moderately elevated ground so that all the agricultural lands benefiting from the irrigation could be overlooked. This would mean that the supply head would have to be at yet higher ground.

The Zanja Madre was placed close to present-day Broadway at the foot of the Elysian Hills by the river. An earth and brush dam, called a toma, was created to pool up the water into the ditch which then ran along an elevated slope down to the pueblo after which it was split into multiple ditches which ran to the various portions of lowland.  A large water wheel, constructed in the 1850s, took water up to the Zanja Madre and onto the main brick reservoir that was located in what is now the Plaza at the end of Olvera Street.  The wheel was susceptible to damage from floods. The toma was washed away several times before a wooden one was built in its place.

Later improvements

The soft, sandy tunnel collapsed several times and attempts were made to repair it with brick lining, but the whole aqueduct was abandoned in 1884 after a flood tore out the wooden dam. It had already been realized since 1878 that several improvements would have to be done to the zanja systems. Some of this included conversion of the smaller ditches to pipelines while larger areas would be concrete. After this last failure the earthen toma and open ditch were put back into service while more elaborate plans were being made.

In 1888 the city planned to put pipe in most of the existing zanjas, but budgetary shortfalls did not allow the work to be finished. The tunnel at the headwater of the Zanja Madre was reconstructed and much of the conduit was either brick or concrete lined. By 1893 there ended up some 50 miles of zanjas in the city and another 40 miles of zanjas outside the city limit. Over the years the portion of the Zanja Madre that passed around the north edge of the River Train Yard was realigned again and again until railroad construction eventually demolished most of the conduits as the city built newer types of water systems.

Archaeological finds

Various portions have been documented as they have been uncovered during construction projects over the years. In 1978 archaeologist Julia Costello discovered a portion of the Zanja Madre during construction of the Plaza de Dolores.

In 2000 two people dug up a section of the Zanja on the steep slope near a Broadway parking garage and were credited by the L.A. Weekly and Los Angeles Times as having discovered the Zanja. Later, archaeologists overseeing site operations near the MTA Gold Line, studied the portions of uncovered brick conduit. They expected to find more portions along the line near the River Yard, but there were no discoveries. It was generally supposed that the Zanja had been destroyed during railroad yard construction over the years. Since it was private property, no archaeological surveys were made.

In 2005 MTA construction crews uncovered unexpected sections of the brick Zanja Madre. Archaeologists were brought in to evaluate the finds, most of which were red-brick, penstock-sized aqueducts. Now serious studies and documentation have begun in order to have the Zanja Madre routes put onto historical registers.

In 2014 excavation for the foundation of the Blossom Plaza project on North Broadway discovered a . The removal of a 40-foot portion of the Zanja Madre for presumed display at various off-site locations has been criticized in the editorial pages of the Daily News   and by KCET Departures

A 127-year-old leather book with a hand-drawn map from the city survey records identifies the location where newly unearthed brick and mortar pipe was found according to the City Surveyor, Tony Pratt.

Note
1 - The word zanja was also used by the American water companies, even so much as to refer to their watergate keepers as zanjeros.


What I Wanna

"What I Wanna" is a song by British rapper MoStack that appears on his debut studio album Stacko. It was released as a single through Virgin EMI on 28 February 2018, peaking at number 31 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was written by MoStack, Darius Forde, James Grant and Brenda Russell, and produced by ill Blu.

In December 2019, the British Phonographic Industry certified the song gold for equivalent sales of 400,000 units.

Track listing

Charts

Certifications


1738 in literature

This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1738.

Events
April 11 – Robert Blair marries Isabella Law.
July 10 –  Richard Dawes is appointed master of the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle.
August – Laurence Sterne is ordained a priest, and in the autumn becomes vicar of Sutton-on-the-Forest.
The mental decline of Jonathan Swift begins.
Samtal emellan Argi Skugga och en obekant Fruentimbers Skugga (Conversation between the Shadow of Argus and the unfamiliar Shadow of a Female) is published by Margareta Momma in Sweden.

New books

Prose
James Anderson – The Constitutions of the Free-Masons, 2nd ed.
Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens – Jewish Letters
John Banks – Miscellaneous Works in Verse and Prose
Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten – De ordine in audiendis philosophicis per triennium academicum quaedam praefatus acroases proximae aestati destinatas indicit Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten
Louis de Beaufort – Dissertation sur l'incertitude des cinq prèmiers siècles de l'histoire romaine
Alexander Cruden – A Complete Concordance to the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testament
Robert Dodsley – The Art of Preaching
Marie Huber – Lettres sur la religion essentielle à l'homme (Letters Concerning the Religion Essential to Man)
David Hume (anonymously) – A Treatise of Human Nature (dated 1739)
Pierre Louis Maupertuis – Sur la figure de la terre
Francis Moore – Travels into the Inland Parts of Africa
Abbé Prévost – Memoirs of a Man of Quality (anonymous English translation)
Thomas Shaw – Travels in Barbary and the Levant
Jonathan Swift
The Beasts Confession to the Priest
A Complete Collection of Genteel and Ingenious Conversation
William Warburton
The Divine Legation of Moses Demonstrated
A Vindication of the author of the Divine Legation of Moses
George Whitefield – A Journal of a Voyage from London to Savannah in Georgia
Diego de Torres Villarroel
Anatomía de todo lo visible e invisible
Vida ejemplar de la venerable madre Gregoria Francisca de Santa Teresa

Drama
Robert Dodsley – Sir John Cockle at Court
Carlo Goldoni
Momolo Cortesan
L'uomo di mondo
Sir Hildebrand Jacob
The Happy Constancy
The Prodigal Reformed
The Trial of Conjugal Love
George Lillo – Marina (adapted from Shakespeare's Pericles, Prince of Tyre)
James Miller – Art and Nature
Alexis Piron – La Metromanie
António José da Silva – Precipicio de Faetonte
James Thomson – Agamemnon

Poetry

Mark Akenside (anonymously) – A British Philippic
Elizabeth Carter (anonymously) – Poems Upon Particular Occasions
John Gay – Fables: Volume the Second
Eugenio Gerardo Lobo – Obras poéticas líricas
Samuel Johnson – London, A Poem, on the Third Satire of Juvenal
Alexander Pope
The Sixth Epistle of the First Book of Horace Imitated
The First Epistle of the First Book of Horace Imitated
(with Jonathan Swift) An Imitation of the Sixth Satire of the Second Book of Horace
One Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirty Eight
The Universal Prayer
One Thousand Seven Hundred and Thirty Eight: Dialogue II
James Thomson – The Works of Mr Thomson
Diego de Torres Villarroel – Juguetes de Talia, entretenimiento del numen
John Wesley – A Collection of Psalms and Hymns (first English edition)

Births
February 9 (baptized) – Mary Whateley, English poet and playwright (died 1825)
May 9 – John Wolcot, English satirist and poet (died 1819)
May 12 – Jonathan Boucher, English philologist (died 1804)
May 27 – Moritz August von Thümmel, German humorist and satirical author (died 1817)
June 21 – Gottlieb Christoph Harless, German bibliographer (died 1815)
July 24 – Betje Wolff, Dutch novelist (died 1804)
November 15 – Joseph Johnson, English publisher (died 1809)
December 4 – Karl Friedrich Kretschmann, German poet, playwright and storyteller (died 1809)
Unknown date – Manuel Lassala, Spanish dramatist and philosopher (died 1806)

Deaths
January 6 – Jean-Baptiste Labat, French polymath (born 1663)
March – Margrethe Lasson, Danish novelist (born 1659)
April 25 – Giacomo Laderchi, Italian ecclesiastical historian (born c. 1678)
June 5 – Isaac de Beausobre, French theologian (born 1659)
July 8 – Jean-Pierre Nicéron, French lexicographer (born 1685)
September 4 – George Lillo, English playwright (born 1691)
September 23 – Herman Boerhaave, Dutch humanist writer (born 1668)
November 10 – John Asgill, English pamphleteer (born 1659)


Guisborough Stakes

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The Guisborough Stakes is a Listed flat horse race in Great Britain open to horses aged three years and over.
It is run at Redcar over a distance of 7 furlongs (1,408 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in early October.

The race was first run in 2003.

Winners


Korf Poshteh-ye Galeshi

Korf Poshteh-ye Galeshi (, also Romanized as Korf Poshteh-ye Gāleshī; also known as Karaf Poshteh) is a village in Tutaki Rural District, in the Central District of Siahkal County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 178, in 45 families.


Farako, Ségou

Farako is a small town and rural commune in the Cercle of Ségou in the Ségou Region of southern-central Mali. The commune lies on the north bank of the Niger River and contains 11 settlements in an area of 200 square kilometers. In the 2009 census it had a population of 17,570. The town of Farako is the chef-lieu of the commune.


Family Biz

Family Biz is a Canadian television show, filmed in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada starring Doug Murray, Ephraim Ellis and Kate Corbett. Created by James Nadler, the show is currently airing on YTV and France 2. The first episode was shown on YTV. The show has been rated "C8+" in Canada, where it ran for one season from March 6 to December 8, 2009.

Description
An international co-production between Canada's Muse Entertainment, Summit Crescent Productions and France's Breakout Films, Family Biz centres around three latch key kids, Eli (16), Avalon (15) and Ronnie (11), who have the run of the Keller house. Their corporate parents are too busy at work and teen insanity rules! That is until their Dad, Dave Keller, gets fired and decides to work from home in the Keller attic. To feel useful, Dave launches the Keller Family Corp. and sets about "reinvolving" himself in the lives of his teenage kids, much to his offspring's total embarrassment. Whenever a problem occurs, Dad looks to his years of business knowledge to find the solution, whether it is getting to know his kids through in-depth marketing surveys or outsourcing all their phone messages to India. But mostly he just
drives the Keller kids mad.

Episodes


The Journey of Man

The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey is a 2002 book by Spencer Wells, an American geneticist and anthropologist, in which he uses techniques and theories of  genetics and evolutionary biology to trace the geographical dispersal of early human migrations out of Africa. The book was made into a TV documentary in 2003.

Synopsis
According to the recent single-origin hypothesis, human ancestors originated in Africa, and eventually made their way out to the rest of the world.  Analysis of the Y chromosome is one of the methods used in tracing the history of early humans.  Thirteen genetic markers on the Y-chromosome differentiate populations of human beings.

It is believed, on the basis of genetic evidence, that all human beings in existence now descend from one single man who lived in Africa about 60,000 years ago. The earliest groups of humans are believed to find their present-day descendants among the San people, a group that is now found in western southern Africa.  The San are smaller than the Bantu. They have lighter skins, more tightly curled hair, and they share the epicanthal fold with the people of Central and South East Asia.

Southern and eastern Africa are believed to originally have been populated by people akin to the San. Since that early time much of their range has been taken over by the Bantu.  Skeletal remains of these ancestral people are found in Paleolithic sites in Somalia and Ethiopia. There are also peoples in east Africa today  who speak substantially different languages that nevertheless share the archaic characteristics of the San language, its distinctive repertoire of click and pop sounds. These are the only languages in the entire world that use these sounds in speech.

As humans migrated out of Africa, they all carried a genetic feature on the Y chromosome known as M168 (Haplogroup CT (Y-DNA)).

The first wave of migration out of Africa stayed close to the oceans shores, tracing a band along the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean including parts of the Arabian Peninsula, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and into South East Asia, down into what is now Indonesia, and eventually reaching Australia. This branch of the human family developed a new marker M130 (Haplogroup C (Y-DNA)).

This first wave appears to have left dark-skinned people along its path, including isolated groups of dark-skinned people in south east Asia such as the aboriginal population of the Andaman Islands (around 400 km off the west coast of Thailand), the Semang of Malaysia, and the Aeta of the Philippines.

The second wave of migration took a more northerly course, splitting somewhere in the area around what is now called Syria to sweep to interior Asia, where it split several more times in Central Asia, north of Afghanistan. The lineages that flowed into Central Asia carry M9 (Haplogroup K (Y-DNA)). Other markers were added after the migration paths went on in several different directions from Central Asia.

From Central Asia, a small group migrated towards the northeast, following reindeer. These were the Chukchi people, a few of whom still live a nomadic lifestyle today. An even smaller group, estimated at no more than 20 Chukchis, crossed what is now the Bering Sea approximately 13,000 years ago during the last glacial period, and migrated into North America. They are the ancestors of Native Americans, and 800 years later, they had reached as far as South America.

The African diaspora is believed to have begun some 50,000 years ago, long enough for many changes to have occurred in humans remaining in Africa. The genetic trends reported involve humans who left Africa, and their genetic histories. The diversity found outside of Africa may well have been accentuated since populations migrating to new hunting grounds would rarely have had individuals moving backwards into previously settled regions. But within Africa, isolation would have been geographically aided primarily by the Sahara Desert, leaving people in areas not separated by the desert to travel and migrate relatively freely.


Michigan City White Caps

The Michigan City White Caps were a minor league baseball team that played in Michigan City, Indiana from 1956 to 1959. The team had been the Hannibal Stags, moving to Michigan City to become a charter member of the Midwest League in 1956.  The White Caps were affiliated with the Giants, who played in New York from 1956–57 and San Francisco from 1958-59. The franchise folded after the 1959 season, but the nickname name was restored to the region when today's West Michigan White Caps began play in the Midwest League in 1994.Baseball Hall of Fame Inductee Juan Marichal pitched for Michigan City in 1958.

The ballpark
The White Caps played at Ames Field. The park was constructed in 1936 and demolished in 1995. Today, the Michigan City High School football field occupies the site. The site is located at 2501 Franklin Street.

No hitter
On August 12, 1957 Bobby Bolin threw a no-hitter against the Dubuque Packers, winning 11-0.

Pants
During the White Caps era, Michigan City was home to the Jaymar-Ruby Corporation (1922-2009), which made the then-popular Sansabelt dress pants, among other apparel. As a perk, White Caps players were given free dress pants by the company. Allegedly, Juan Marichal did not like the pants and gave them away.

Notable Alumni

Hall of Fame Alumni

 Juan Marichal (1958)  Inducted, 1983

Notable Alumni
 Buddy Kerr (1958–59, MGR) MLB AS
 Rick Joseph (1959)
 Wayne Schurr (1959)
 Jose Tartabull (1958–59) Father of Danny Tartabull
 Matty Alou (1957) 2 x MLB AS: 1966 NL Batting Champion
 Bobby Bolin (1957)
 Bob Farley (1957)
 Manny Mota (1957)  MLB AS
 John Orsino (1957)

Year-by-year record


Winnersh Meadows

Winnersh Meadows is a  public open space located along the northern boundary of Winnersh, Berkshire, just south of the A329(M).

History
Arbor Meadows land was handed over to Wokingham Borough Council in the 1980s by Slough Estates(SEGRO), who are the owners of Winnersh Triangle. The site originally formed part of Mungell's Farm (1875–1899). After enhancements in 2011 the site was renamed Winnersh Meadows.

The park was rejuvenated in 2011 by members of the local Neighborhood Action group with the help of a National Lottery Grant and funding from the local borough and parish councils; and was renamed Winnersh Meadows.

Features
The park contains a basketball hoop, an adult gym, a wildflower meadow, an orchard of native fruit trees and a selection of ponds. It also contains a vital habitat for Great Crested Newts.


2001 in jazz

This is a timeline documenting events of Jazz in the year 2001.

Events

January

 25 – The 4th Polarjazz started in Longyearbyen, Svalbard (January 25 – 28).

February

March

April
 6
 The 28th Vossajazz started at Voss, Norway (April 6 – 8).
 Stein Inge Brækhus was awarded Vossajazzprisen 2003.
 3 – Eldbjørg Raknes performs the commissioned work So much depends upon a red wheel barrow for Vossajazz 2003.

May
 23 – The 29th Nattjazz 2001 started in Bergen, Norway (May 23 – June 2).

June
 1 – The 30th Moers Festival started in Moers, Germany (June 1 – 4).
 19 – The 13th Jazz Fest Wien started in Vienna, Austria (June 19 – July 8).
 26 – The 18th Stockholm Jazz Festival started in Stockholm, Sweden (June 26 – July 22).
 29 – The 22nd Montreal International Jazz Festival started in Montreal, Quebec, Canada (June 29 - July 10).

July
 6 – The 35th Montreux Jazz Festival started in Montreux, Switzerland (July 6 – 22).
 13 – The 26th North Sea Jazz Festival started in The Hague, Netherlands (July 13 – 15).
 14 – The 36th Pori Jazz Festival started in Pori, Finland (July 14 – 22).
 16 – The 41st Moldejazz started in Molde, Norway (July 16 – 21).
 21 – The 54th Nice Jazz Festival started in Nice, France (July 21 – 28).
 24 – The 36th San Sebastian Jazz Festival started in San Sebastian, Spain (July 24 – 29).

August
 6 – The 16th Oslo Jazzfestival started in Oslo, Norway (August 6–12).
 8 – The 15th Sildajazz started in Haugesund, Norway (August 8 – 12).
 10
 The 47th Newport Jazz Festival started in Newport, Rhode Island (August 10 – 12).
 The 19th Brecon Jazz Festival started in Brecon, Wales (August 10 – 12).

September
 21 – The 44th Monterey Jazz Festival started in Monterey, California (September 21 – 23).

October
 11 – The DølaJazz started in Lillehammer, Norway (Oktober 11 - 14).

November
 8 – The Trondheim Jazz Festival started in Trondheim, Norway (November 8 – 11).
 9 – The 10th London Jazz Festival started in London, England (November 9 – 18).

December

Album released

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Unknown date
#

B
 Michael Brecker: Nearness Of You: The Ballad Book (Verve)

C
 Marilyn Crispell: Blue (Black Saint)

G
 Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band: Swingin' For The Fences (Silverline)

H
 Herbie Hancock: Future 2 Future (Transparent, Columbia)
 Gordon Haskell: Look Out (Flying Sparks)

K
 Olga Konkova Trio: Some Things From Home (Candid)
 Diana Krall: The Look of Love (Verve)

G
 Gordon Goodwin's Big Phat Band: Swingin' For The Fences

H
 Herbie Hancock: Future 2 Future
 Gordon Haskell: Flying Sparks

M
 James Morrison: Scream Machine (Morrison Records)

S
 Matthew Shipp: Expansion Power Release (hatOLOGY)

T
 The Idea of North: The Sum of Us (Magnetic Records)

W
 Robbie Williams: Swing When You're Winning (Capitol)
 World Saxophone Quartet: 25th Anniversary: The New Chapter (Justin Time)

Deaths

 January
 4 – Les Brown, American bandleader (born 1912).
 13 – Stan Freeman, American composer, lyricist, musical arranger, conductor, and pianist (born 1920).
 17 – Norris Turney, American flautist and saxophonist (born 1921).
 23
 Jack McDuff, American organist and organ trio bandleader (born 1926).
 Lou Levy, American pianist (born 1928).

 February
 4 – J. J. Johnson, American trombonist, composer, and arranger (born 1924).
 10 – Buddy Tate, American saxophonist and clarinetist (born 1913).
 13
 George T. Simon, American writer and drummer (born 1912).
 Moses Taiwa Molelekwa, South African pianist (born 1973).

 March
 7 – Frankie Carle, American pianist and bandleader (born 1903).
 18 – Rupert Nurse, Trinidadian-British pianist, upright bassist, and saxophonist (born 1910).
 19 – Herbie Jones, American trumpeter and arranger (born 1926).
 20 – Jay Cameron, American baritone saxophonist and reedist (born 1928).
 28 – Moe Koffman, Canadian saxophonist, flautist, composer, and arranger (born 1928).
 29 – John Lewis, American pianist, composer and arranger (born 1920).

 April
 5 – Sonya Hedenbratt, Swedish singer and actress (born 1931).
 9 – Ken Rattenbury, English trumpeter, pianist, composer, and author (born 1920).
 18 – Billy Mitchell, American tenor saxophonist (born 1926).
 24 – Al Hibbler, American baritone singer, Duke Ellington Orchestra (born 1915).

 May
 3 – Billy Higgins, American drummer (born 1936).
 19 – Susannah McCorkle, American singer (born 1946).
 22 – Lorez Alexandria, American singer (born 1929).
 27 – Glauco Masetti, Italian jazz reedist (born 1922).

 June
 13 – Makanda Ken McIntyre, American musician and composer (born 1931).
 19 – Lindsay L. Cooper, Scottish upright bass, electric bass and cello player (born 1940).
 30
 Chet Atkins, American guitarist, songwriter, and record producer (born 1924).
 Joe Henderson, American tenor saxophonist (born 1937).

 July
 27 – Harold Land, American hard bop and post-bop tenor saxophonist (born 1928).

  August
 6 – Larry Adler, American harmonica player (born 1914).
 9 – Ray Arvizu, American saxophonist (born 1953).
 17 – Flip Phillips, American tenor saxophonist and clarinetist (born 1915).
 23 – Eric Allandale, Dominican-English trombonist, songwriter, and bandleader (born 1936).
 27 – Cal Collins, American guitarist (born 1933).

 September
 1 – Sil Austin, American saxophonist (born 1929).
 2 – Jay Migliori, American saxophonist (born 1930).

 October
 2 – Manny Albam, American baritone saxophonist, composer, arranger, producer, and educator (born 1922).
 4 – John Collins, American guitarist (born 1913).
 11 – Billy Maxted, American pianist (born 1917).
 16 – Etta Jones, American singer (born 1928).
 29 – Spike Robinson, American tenor saxophonist (born 1930).
 31 – Bill Le Sage, British pianist, vibraphonist, arranger, composer, and bandleader (born 1927).

 November
 13
 Babik Reinhardt, French jazz guitarist (born 1944).
 Panama Francis, American drummer (born 1918).
 16 – Tommy Flanagan, American jazz pianist and composer (born 1930).
 21 – Ralph Burns, American pianist, composer, and arranger (born 1922).

 December
 14 – Conte Candoli, American trumpeter (born 1927).
 22 – Gene Taylor, American upright bassist (born 1929).
 30 – Ralph Sutton, American pianist (born 1922).

 Unknown date
 David Batey, English pianist (born 1939)
 Oliver Todd, American band leader, organist, pianist, and trumpeter (born 1916).

Births

 August
 30 – Emily Bear, American composer and pianist.


Johnny Stenberg

Johnny Stenberg (born 3 January 1925 in Eigersund, died 17 March 1990) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.

He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Nord-Trøndelag in 1973, and was re-elected on one occasion. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the term 1969–1973.

On the local level he was a member of Meråker municipal council from 1959 to 1975, serving as deputy mayor in 1963–1965 and 1973–1975 and mayor from 1966 to 1973.

Outside politics he spent large parts of his career in the Norwegian State Railways, like his father.


Alfred Laubin

Alfred Laubin (1906 – September 6, 1976) was an American oboist and founder of A. Laubin.

Alfred Laubin was born in 1906 in Detroit, where his father Carl was a charter member of that city's orchestra, playing the oboe and the clarinet. His early oboe studies were in Boston with Lenom, DeVergie, and Gillet, who exercised the greatest influence on Laubin to start making oboes.

Laubin played in Boston as an extra with the Boston Symphony Orchestra and at the Esplanade Concerts. He was the first oboe with the Hartford Symphony Orchestra under Leonard Bernstein, the Springfield Symphony Orchestra and the New Jersey Symphony Orchestra. He played second oboe with the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra under Fritz Reiner and played the first season, as well as several successive ones, with the New York City Opera Orchestra.


John Alexander Christie

John Alexander Christie VC (14 May 1895 – 10 September 1967) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.

Biography
Christie was 22 years old, and a lance-corporal in the 1/11th (County of London) Battalion, (Finsbury Rifles), London Regiment, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC.

On 21 December/22 December 1917, at Fejja, Palestine, after a position had been captured, the enemy immediately made counter-attacks up the communication trenches. Lance-Corporal Christie, seeing what was happening, took a supply of bombs and went alone about 50 yards in the open along the communication trench and bombed the enemy. He continued to do this in spite of heavy opposition until a block had been established. On his way back he bombed more of the enemy who were moving up the trench. His prompt action cleared a difficult position at a most difficult time and saved many lives.

His medal is privately held.

Memorials

Jock Christie had been a parcels clerk employed by the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) at Euston Station. In 1920 the LNWR named Claughton-class locomotive No. 1407 'L/Cpl J.A. Christie, V.C.' in his honour.

A plaque inside Euston Station commemorating the action of Jock Christie VC was unveiled by his son on 28 March 2014.

Notes


Datakit

Datakit is a virtual circuit switch which was developed by Sandy Fraser at Bell Labs for both local-area and wide-area networks, and in widespread deployment by the Regional Bell Operating Companies (RBOCs).

Datakit uses a cell relay protocol similar to Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Datakit is a connection-oriented switch, with all packets for a particular call traveling through the network over the same virtual circuit. Datakit networks are still in widespread use by the major telephone companies in the United States.

Interfaces to these networks include TCP/IP and UDP, X.25, asynchronous protocols and several synchronous protocols, such as SDLC, HDLC, Bisync and others. These networks support host to terminal traffic and vice versa, host-to-host traffic, file transfers, remote login, remote printing, and remote command execution. At the physical layer, it can operate over multiple media, from slow speed EIA-232 to 500Mbit fiber optic links including 10/100 Megabit ethernet links.

Most of Bell Laboratories was trunked together via Datakit networking. On top of Datakit transport service, several operating systems (including UNIX) implemented UUCP for electronic mail and dkcu for remote login.

Datakit uses an adaptation protocol called Universal Receiver Protocol (URP) that spreads PDU overhead across multiple cells and performs immediate packet processing. URP assumes that cells arrive in order and may force retransmissions if not.
The Information Systems Network (ISN) was the version of Datakit that was supported by the former AT&T Information Systems. Datakit is supported today by Datatek Applications, Inc. under license from Alcatel-Lucent Inc., the present owner of Bell Labs.


Where We Belong (album)

Where We Belong is the third studio album by Irish boy band Boyzone. The album was released on 25 May 1998 by Polydor Records. Five singles were released from the album, including a cover version of "I Love the Way You Love Me". The album became a top 10 album in eleven countries. It was the group's first and only album to be released in the United States, where it charted at number 167 on the Billboard 200. Where We Belong is also the third and final studio album Boyzone released before the death of Stephen Gately, 11 years later.

Background and release
Like their first two albums, much of the original material for the album was written or co-written by the band members themselves. In 1998, Ronan Keating was awarded the Ivor Novello Award for "Picture of You", which was featured as the main theme song from the film Bean (1997).

Where We Belong album was released on 25 May 1998 in the United Kingdom by Polydor Records. It topped the UK Albums Chart on the week of 6 June 1998. Five singles were released from the album: "Picture of You", "Baby Can I Hold You", "All That I Need", "No Matter What" and "I Love the Way You Love Me", with the addition of the French-language single "Te Garder Pres De Moi", which was released and included on the album exclusively in France. The original British issue of the album did not contain "No Matter What" or "I Love the Way You Love Me" - these were included on a later pressing, issued on 10 November 1998. The following week, the album was released in the United States on 17 November 1998 by Ravenous Records, a label set up by Jim Steinman under Mercury Records. The US edition included three new songs; "I'll Never Not Need You", "Walk On (So They Told Me)", and "All the Time in the World". "All the Time in the World" was released as the album's first single in the US on 5 October 1998. "No Matter What" was featured on the US edition of the soundtrack to the 1999 film Notting Hill, and was released to American radio on 10 May 1999.

Although "Picture of You" is included on the album in both the United States and Australia, it was released as a single from A Different Beat in those regions, as the release of A Different Beat occurred there after the release of "Picture of You" in the United Kingdom. The American edition of the album includes three new tracks that were not released in Britain until the release of By Request in 1999. Although "Shooting Star" was released as a double A-side with "Baby Can I Hold You" in most territories, it only appeared as a bonus track on the album in Japan. The album is also the third and final studio album that the group released before the death of Stephen Gately eleven years later.

Commercial performance
The album topped the UK Albums Chart for three weeks in 1998, on 6 June, 5 September and 12 September respectively, making it their first album to spend more than a week at number one. The album was the third best selling album of 1998 in the United Kingdom. The album was certified as 5x Platinum in the UK.

B-sides
Several B-sides were issued to the singles taken from the album. The original track "I've Got You", co-written by Graham, Hedges and Brannigan, was released alongside "Picture of You", which also included a Spanish-language version of "Words", an extended mix of its title track, and the band's Eurovision promotional single, "Let the Message Run Free", which was also released as a promotional single with cans of Pepsi. The Japanese-only bonus track "Shooting Star" was issued as the B-side to "Baby Can I Hold You", alongside the band's version of "Mystical Experience", formerly only released in America, as well as a remix of the said track, the Spanish-language version of "Words" and the classic B-side "From Here to Eternity". The Japanese-only bonus track "Never Easy" was issued as the B-side to "All That I Need, alongside A Different Beat opener "Paradise", a French-language version of "Working My Way Back to You" included as a bonus track from the album in France, and remixes of the title track by Piz Danuk and Trouser Enthusiasts. The brand new track "Where Have You Been", co-written by Keating, Hedges and Brannigan, was released alongside "No Matter What", accompanied by a remix of "All That I Need" by Phil Da Costa, the Japanese-only bonus track "She's the One" co-written by Keating, an interview with the band, and the band's former hit singles "Father and Son" and "Words". Finally, the brand new track "Waiting for You", co-written by Gately, was issued as the B-side to "I Love the Way You Love Me", alongside "Let the Message Run Free", a live version of "No Matter What" from Wembley, and a medley of songs from the musical Grease.

Track listing

Notes
 signifies a remixer
 signifies an additional producer
 signifies a vocal producer

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

End of decade charts

Certifications

Album credits

 Boyzone - Vocals, main performer
 Robbie McIntosh - Guitar
 Mike Mangini - Guitar, drum programming, producer
 James McMillan - Guitar, programming, keyboards
 Dominic Miller - Guitar
 Heff Moraes - Engineer, mixing
 Richard Niles - Arranger
 Denniz Pop - Executive Producer
 Andy Richards - Keyboards, programming
 Steve Rinkoff - Mixing
 Rudeboy - Remixing
 Robin Sellars - Mixing
 Trevor Steel - Programming, producer
 Carl Sturken - Arranger, producer
 Ren Swan - Engineer
 John Themis - Guitar
 Warren Wiebe - Vocals (background)
 Nigel Wright - Keyboards, producer
 Paul Wright - Engineer
 DJ Nastee - Guitar
 Nick Foster - Producer
 Ben Foster - Arranger
 Jeremy Wheatley - Mixing
 David Kreuger - Producer
 Eric Liljestrand - Digital editing
 Mauricio Iragorri - Mixing
 Jack Hersca - Assistant Engineer
 Fred Carlson - Guitar
 Andy Gallimore - Engineer
 Sharon Kearney - Assistant Engineer
 Jon Douglas - Producer
 Steve Mac - Piano, mixing, arranger
 Per Magnusson - Vocals (background), producer
 Alan Chez - Trumpet

 Al Hemberger - Engineer
 Baron Raymonde - Saxophone
 Tim Willis - Assistant Engineer
 Ben Allen - Guitar, Assistant Engineer
 John R. Angier - Keyboards
 Dan Vickers - Assistant Engineer
 Andrea Derby - Production Assistant
 Chris Laws - Drums, engineer, programming
 Angela Lupino - Bass, arranger
 Mark Antony - Vocals (background)
 Jamie Hart - Assistant Engineer
 Skoti-Alain Elliot - Bass, Engineer
 Keith LeBlanc - Drums
 Jim Steinman - Producer, Executive Producer
 Michael Thompson - Guitar (acoustic), Guitar (electric)
 Evan Rogers - Arranger, producer, vocals (background)
 Tom Lord-Alge - Mixing
 Chris Blair - Mastering
 Steve Booker - Keyboards
 Andy Bradfield - Remixing
 Danny G. - Keyboards
 Andy Duncan - Drums
 Rick Essig - Mastering
 Simon Franglen - Arranger, mixing, keyboards
 Paul Gendler - Guitar (acoustic)
 Scott Gordon - Engineer
 Mike Rose - Keyboards
 Mick Guzauski - Arranger
 John Holliday - Producer, Spanish guitar
 Mark Hudson - Arranger, producer
 Nick Ingman - Orchestration
 Luís Jardim - Percussion
 Stephen Lipson - Guitar, producer, mandolin
 Andrew Lloyd Webber - Producer, Executive Producer


Stijn Minne

Stijn Minne (born 29 June 1978) is a Belgian football defender who currently plays for RFC Wetteren. He spent 10 years playing for Zulte Waregem.


Kurt Thomas (gymnast)

Kurt Bilteaux Thomas (born March 29, 1956 in Miami, Florida) is an American Olympic gymnast.

Early life
Thomas competed for Indiana State University; where he was a five-time NCAA champion, winning the parallel bars and all-around in 1977 and parallel bars, horizontal bar and the all-around in 1979. Thomas helped lead the men's gymnastics to the 1977 National Championship.

Career
He earned All-America honors 13 times in his career and was the James E. Sullivan award winner in 1979, as well as the 1979 Nissen Award (the "Heisman" of men's gymnastics) awardee.  He was inducted into the Indiana State University Athletic Hall of Fame in 1999 and the Missouri Valley Conference Hall of Fame in 2010.

Thomas became a member of the US Olympic team at the 1976 Summer Olympics. In 1978, Thomas was the first American male gymnast to win a gold medal in floor exercise in a world championship. In 1979 he became the first gymnast to receive the James E. Sullivan Award for the best amateur athlete in the US and earned six medals at the World Championships, including gold on the horizontal bar and floor exercise, and silver in the all-around, parallel bars, and pommel horse. Coming off an impressive 1979 World Championship (6 medals), he was a favorite to win a gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics; however, the games were boycotted by the United States government.

Since the Olympics' strict amateurism rules at the time would have forced him to forgo many lucrative financial opportunities, Thomas elected not to attempt to compete in the 1984 Summer Olympics.  With professionals allowed to compete by the time of the 1992 Summer Olympics, Thomas attempted a comeback.  Despite his advanced age for a gymnast, he was able to make it to the 1992 United States Men's Gymnastics Olympic Trials, but his performance there fell short of what was needed to make the team.

Signature moves
Two gymnastic moves were named for him, the Thomas Flair, a pommel horse move, and the Thomas salto, his signature skill on floor exercise, a tucked 1.5 backward salto with 1.5 twist into a roll out (a difficult and dangerous skill even by today's standards).  The Thomas Flair on pommel horse, and then also performed on floor, was developed over years by several Pommel Horse specialists. However, in gymnastics, new moves are named in the gymnastics rule book after the gymnast who is the first to perform the move in international competition.

Personal life

In 1996, Thomas married Rebecca Jones, a dancer who also choreographs gymnastic routines.  They have two children together, named Kassidy and Hunter Thomas. Thomas also has a child from a previous marriage, singer Kurt Travis.

In 2003, Thomas was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame.

He and his wife Rebecca currently operate the Kurt Thomas Gymnastics Training Center in Frisco, Texas. His gym has hosted the USAG-sanctioned Kurt Thomas International Invitational gymnastics meet annually since 2003.

In popular culture
Thomas starred in the 1985 film Gymkata as an athlete sent by the US government to compete in a deadly competition called The Game. The film earned Thomas a Razzie Award nomination for Worst New Star and was poorly received by critics, but has developed somewhat of a cult following due to its unintentional comedy. Thomas also starred in the syndicated TV series True Confessions and has worked as a commentator for ABC Sports and ESPN.


Rubén López

Rubén López (born 28 November 1990) is a Spanish gymnast. He competed in four events at the 2012 Summer Olympics.


The Sir Herbert Thompson Professor of Egyptology represents the chair of Egyptology at the University of Cambridge, England.

Stephen Glanville, 1946–1956
Jack Plumley, 1957–1977
John Ray, 2005–2013

Notes


Pétroleuses

For the 1971 film Les Pétroleuses, see The Legend of Frenchie King.

Pétroleuses were, according to popular rumours at the time, female supporters of the Paris Commune, accused of burning down much of Paris during the last days of the Commune in May 1871. During May, when Paris was being recaptured by loyalist Versaillais troops, rumours circulated that lower-class women were committing arson against private property and public buildings, using bottles full of petroleum or paraffin (similar to modern-day Molotov cocktails) which they threw into cellar windows, in a deliberate act of spite against the government. Many Parisian buildings, including the Hôtel de Ville the Tuileries Palace,  the Palais de Justice and many other government buildings were in fact set afire by the soldiers of the Commune during the last days of the Commune, prompting the press and Parisian public opinion to blame the pétroleuses.<ref>Rougerie, Jacques, La Commune de 1871, Presses Universitaires de France, (1988), p. 117.</ref>

The history of the Paris Commune by Maxime Du Camp, written in the 1870s, and more recent research by historians of the Paris Commune, including Robert Tombs and Gay Gullickson, concluded that there were no  incidents of deliberate arson by  pétroleuses. Of the thousands of suspected pro-Communard women tried in Versailles after the Commune ended, only a handful were convicted of any crimes, and their convictions were based on activity such as shooting at loyalist troops. Official trial records show that no women were ever convicted of arson, and that accusations of the crime were quickly shown to have no basis. The buildings destroyed at the end of the Commune were not burned down by pétroleuses, but by the soldiers of the Commune. The Hôtel de Ville, the Palais de Justice, the Tuileries Palace and other government buildings and symbols of authority were burned by Commune forces as they retreated. Some buildings along the Rue de Rivoli were burned down during street-fighting between Communards and Versaillais troops.   Gullickson suggests that the myth of the pétroleuses was part of a propaganda campaign by Versaillais politicians, who portrayed Parisian women in the Commune as unnatural, destructive, and barbaric, giving loyalist forces a moral victory over the "unnatural" Communards.

Despite this, the myth of pétroleuses was widely believed until the twentieth century. In Paris itself, the sale of flammable liquids was banned for several months after the end of the Commune (a measure taken again during the 2005 riots,  when 8,973 cars were set afire by arsonists in the Paris suburbs and other French cities).

 References
 Robert Tombs, The War Against Paris: 1871, Cambridge University Press, 1981, 272 pages
 Gay Gullickson, Unruly Women of Paris, Cornell Univ Press, 1996, 304 pages
Rougerie, Jacques, La Commune de 1871'', (1988), Presses Universitaires de France, .

Notes and citations

*
*


Jianghan Plain

Jianghan Plain (), named for the confluence of the Yangtze ('Jiang') and Han ('han') rivers, is an alluvial plain located in the middle and south of Hubei, China. Wuhan, the most populous city in Central China, is located on the plain. It shares the border with Dongtinghu Plain. It has an area of more than 30 thousands square kilometers. The region was once a large wetland, but was gradually colonized by settlers beginning in the Neolithic period. This accelerated when the state of Chu established its capital there in the middle of the 1st millennium BC, and when the Qin and Han states built dikes to protect farmland from seasonal floods. The Jianghan area has been an important food grain region of China since at least the Ming Dynasty.


Typhlopidae

The Typhlopidae are a family of blind snakes. They are found mostly in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and all mainland Australia and various islands. The rostral scale overhangs the mouth to form a shovel-like burrowing structure. They live underground in burrows, and since they have no use for vision, their eyes are mostly vestigial. They have light-detecting black eye spots, and teeth occur in the upper jaw. The tail ends with a horn-like scale. Most of these species are oviparous. Currently, 18 genera are recognized containing over 200 species.

Geographic range
They are found in most tropical and many subtropical regions all over the world, particularly in Africa, Asia, islands in the Pacific, tropical America, and southeastern Europe.

Genera

TType genus

Former genera
Xenotyphlops, formerly classified in the Typhlopidae, is now classed in the Xenotyphlopidae.


Benedict of Nursia

Benedict of Nursia (; ; ; ;  – ) is a Christian saint venerated in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Anglican Communion and Old Catholic Churches. He is a patron saint of Europe.

Benedict founded twelve communities for monks at Subiaco, Lazio, Italy (about  to the east of Rome), before moving to Monte Cassino in the mountains of southern Italy. The Order of Saint Benedict is of later origin and, moreover, not an "order" as commonly understood but merely a confederation of autonomous congregations.

Benedict's main achievement, his "Rule of Saint Benedict", contains a set of rules for his monks to follow. Heavily influenced by the writings of John Cassian, it shows strong affinity with the Rule of the Master, but it also has a unique spirit of balance, moderation and reasonableness (, epieíkeia), which persuaded most Christian religious communities founded throughout the Middle Ages to adopt it. As a result, his Rule became one of the most influential religious rules in Western Christendom. For this reason, Giuseppe Carletti regarded Benedict as the founder of Western Christian monasticism.

Biography
Apart from a short poem attributed to Mark of Monte Cassino, the only ancient account of Benedict is found in the second volume of Pope Gregory I's four-book Dialogues, thought to have been written in 593, although the authenticity of this work has been disputed.

Gregory's account of this saint's life is not, however, a biography in the modern sense of the word. It provides instead a spiritual portrait of the gentle, disciplined abbot. In a letter to Bishop Maximilian of Syracuse, Gregory states his intention for his Dialogues, saying they are a kind of floretum (an anthology, literally, 'flowers') of the most striking miracles of Italian holy men.

Gregory did not set out to write a chronological, historically anchored story of Saint Benedict, but he did base his anecdotes on direct testimony. To establish his authority, Gregory explains that his information came from what he considered the best sources: a handful of Benedict's disciples who lived with the saint and witnessed his various miracles. These followers, he says, are Constantinus, who succeeded Benedict as Abbot of Monte Cassino; Valentinianus; Simplicius; and Honoratus, who was abbot of Subiaco when St Gregory wrote his Dialogues.

In Gregory's day, history was not recognised as an independent field of study; it was a branch of grammar or rhetoric, and historia was an account that summed up the findings of the learned when they wrote what was, at that time, considered 'history.' Gregory's Dialogues Book Two, then, an authentic medieval hagiography cast as a conversation between the Pope and his deacon Peter, is designed to teach spiritual lessons.

Early life
He was the son of a Roman noble of Nursia, the modern Norcia, in Umbria. A tradition which Bede accepts makes him a twin with his sister Scholastica. If 480 is accepted as the year of his birth, the year of his abandonment of his studies and leaving home would be about 500. Saint Gregory's narrative makes it impossible to suppose him younger than 20 at the time. He was old enough to be in the midst of his literary studies, to understand the real meaning and worth of the dissolute and licentious lives of his companions, and to have been deeply affected by the love of a woman. He was at the beginning of life, and he had at his disposal the means to a career as a Roman noble; clearly he was not a child.

Benedict was sent to Rome to study, but was disappointed by the life he found there. He does not seem to have left Rome for the purpose of becoming a hermit, but only to find some place away from the life of the great city. He took his old nurse with him as a servant and they settled down to live in Enfide. Enfide, which the tradition of Subiaco identifies with the modern Affile, is in the Simbruini mountains, about forty miles from Rome and two from Subiaco.

A short distance from Enfide is the entrance to a narrow, gloomy valley, penetrating the mountains and leading directly to Subiaco. The path continues to ascend, and the side of the ravine, on which it runs, becomes steeper, until a cave is reached above which the mountain now rises almost perpendicularly; while on the right, it strikes in a rapid descent down to where, in Saint Benedict's day,  below, lay the blue waters of the lake. The cave has a large triangular-shaped opening and is about ten feet deep.
On his way from Enfide, Benedict met a monk, Romanus of Subiaco, whose monastery was on the mountain above the cliff overhanging the cave. Romanus had discussed with Benedict the purpose which had brought him to Subiaco, and had given him the monk's habit. By his advice Benedict became a hermit and for three years, unknown to men, lived in this cave above the lake.

Later life
Gregory tells us little of these years. He now speaks of Benedict no longer as a youth (puer), but as a man (vir) of God. Romanus, Gregory tells us, served the saint in every way he could. The monk apparently visited him frequently, and on fixed days brought him food.

During these three years of solitude, broken only by occasional communications with the outer world and by the visits of Romanus, Benedict matured both in mind and character, in knowledge of himself and of his fellow-man, and at the same time he became not merely known to, but secured the respect of, those about him; so much so that on the death of the abbot of a monastery in the neighbourhood (identified by some with Vicovaro), the community came to him and begged him to become its abbot. Benedict was acquainted with the life and discipline of the monastery, and knew that "their manners were diverse from his and therefore that they would never agree together: yet, at length, overcome with their entreaty, he gave his consent" (ibid., 3). The experiment failed; the monks tried to poison him. The legend goes that they first tried to poison his drink. He prayed a blessing over the cup and the cup shattered. Thus he left the group and went back to his cave at Subiaco. There lived in the neighborhood a priest called Florentius who, moved by envy, tried to ruin him. He tried to poison him with poisoned bread. When he prayed a blessing over the bread, a raven swept in and took the loaf away. From this time his miracles seem to have become frequent, and many people, attracted by his sanctity and character, came to Subiaco to be under his guidance. Having failed by sending him poisonous bread, Florentius tried to seduce his monks with some prostitutes. To avoid further temptations, in about 530 Benedict left Subiaco. He founded 12 monasteries in the vicinity of Subiaco, and, eventually, in 530 he founded the great Benedictine monastery of Monte Cassino, which lies on a hilltop between Rome and Naples.

During the invasion of Italy, Totila, King of the Goths, ordered a general to wear his kingly robes and to see whether Benedict would discover the truth. Immediately the Saint detected the impersonation, and Totila came to pay him due respect.

Veneration

He is believed to have died of a fever at Monte Cassino not long after his twin sister, Saint Scholastica, and was buried in the same place as his sister. According to tradition, this occurred on 21 March 547. He was named patron protector of Europe by Pope Paul VI in 1964. In 1980, Pope John Paul II declared him co-patron of Europe, together with Saints Cyril and Methodius.

In the pre-1970 General Roman Calendar, his feast is kept on 21 March, the day of his death according to some manuscripts of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum and that of Bede. Because on that date his liturgical memorial would always be impeded by the observance of Lent, the 1969 revision of the General Roman Calendar moved his memorial to 11 July, the date that appears in some Gallic liturgical books of the end of the 8th century as the feast commemorating his birth (Natalis S. Benedicti). There is some uncertainty about the origin of this feast. Accordingly, on 21 March the Roman Martyrology mentions in a line and a half that it is Benedict's day of death and that his memorial is celebrated on 11 July, while on 11 July it devotes seven lines to speaking of him, and mentions the tradition that he died on 21 March.

The Eastern Orthodox Church commemorates Saint Benedict on 14 March.

The Anglican Communion has no single universal calendar, but a provincial calendar of saints is published in each province. In almost all of these, Saint Benedict is commemorated on 11 July.

Rule of Saint Benedict

Benedict wrote the Rule in 516 for monks living communally under the authority of an abbot. Seventy-three short chapters comprise the Rule. Its wisdom is twofold: spiritual (how to live a Christocentric life on earth) and administrative (how to run a monastery efficiently). More than half of the chapters describe how to be obedient and humble, and what to do when a member of the community is not. About one-fourth regulate the work of God (the Opus Dei). One-tenth outline how, and by whom, the monastery should be managed.

Following the golden rule of Ora et Labora - pray and work, the monks each day devoted eight hours to prayer, eight hours to sleep, and eight hours to manual work, sacred reading and/or works of charity.

Saint Benedict Medal

This devotional medal originally came from a cross in honour of Saint Benedict. On one side, the medal has an image of Saint Benedict, holding the Holy Rule in his left hand and a cross in his right. There is a raven on one side of him, with a cup on the other side of him. Around the medal's outer margin are the words "Eius in obitu nostro praesentia muniamur" ("May we be strengthened by his presence in the hour of our death"). The other side of the medal has a cross with the initials CSSML on the vertical bar which signify "Crux Sacra Sit Mihi Lux" ("May the Holy Cross be my light") and on the horizontal bar are the initials NDSMD which stand for "Non Draco Sit Mihi Dux" ("Let not the dragon be my guide"). The initials CSPB stand for "Crux Sancti Patris Benedicti" ("The Cross of the Holy Father Benedict") and are located on the interior angles of the cross. Either the inscription "PAX" (Peace) or the Christogram "IHS" may be found at the top of the cross in most cases. Around the medal's margin on this side are the Vade Retro Satana initials VRSNSMV which stand for "Vade Retro Satana, Nonquam Suade Mihi Vana" ("Begone Satan, do not suggest to me thy vanities") then a space followed by the initials SMQLIVB which signify "Sunt Mala Quae Libas, Ipse Venena Bibas" ("Evil are the things thou profferest, drink thou thy own poison").

This medal was first struck in 1880 to commemorate the fourteenth centenary of Saint Benedict's birth and is also called the Jubilee Medal; its exact origin, however, is unknown. In 1647, during a witchcraft trial at Natternberg near Metten Abbey in Bavaria, the accused women testified they had no power over Metten, which was under the protection of the cross. An investigation found a number of painted crosses on the walls of the abbey with the letters now found on St Benedict medals, but their meaning had been forgotten. A manuscript written in 1415 was eventually found that had a picture of Saint Benedict holding a scroll in one hand and a staff which ended in a cross in the other. On the scroll and staff were written the full words of the initials contained on the crosses. Medals then began to be struck in Germany, which then spread throughout Europe. This medal was first approved by Pope Benedict XIV in his briefs of 23 December 1741, and 12 March 1742.

Saint Benedict has been also the motive of many collector's coins around the world. The Austria 50 euro 'The Christian Religious Orders', issued on 13 March 2002 is one of them.

Influence

The early Middle Ages have been called "the Benedictine centuries." In April 2008, Pope Benedict XVI discussed the influence St Benedict had on Western Europe. The pope said that "with his life and work St Benedict exercised a fundamental influence on the development of European civilization and culture" and helped Europe to emerge from the "dark night of history" that followed the fall of the Roman empire.

Saint Benedict contributed more than anyone else to the rise of monasticism in the West. His Rule was the foundational document for thousands of religious communities in the Middle Ages. To this day, The Rule of St. Benedict is the most common and influential Rule used by monasteries and monks, more than 1,400 years after its writing. Today the Benedictine family is represented by two branches: the Benedictine Federation and the Cistercians.

The influence of Saint Benedict produced "a true spiritual ferment" in Europe, and over the coming decades his followers spread across the continent to establish a new cultural unity based on Christian faith.

A basilica was built upon the birthplace of Saints Benedict and Scholastica in the 1400s. Ruins of their familial home were excavated from beneath the church and preserved. The earthquake of 30 October 2016 completely devastated the structure of the basilica, leaving only the front facade and altar standing.

Gallery
See also :Category:Paintings of Benedict of Nursia.


Lucy Margaret Baker

Lucy Baker (1836 – 30 May 1909) was the first female teacher and missionary in present-day Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. She pioneered the development of the western Canadian settlement.

Life and career
Baker was born in Summertown, Glengarry County, Ontario, and raised from a young age by her aunt. She became a teacher shortly after finishing school in Fort Covington, New York.

Her teaching career was as varied as it was wide-ranging. She first worked in Dundee, then held classes in New Jersey for a women's school. She moved to New Orleans not long afterwards to co-own another women's school just before the American Civil War. In 1878, she returned to Glengarry County to teach a private school.

In 1879, minister Donald Ross asked Baker to teach at a missionary school in Prince Albert, on behalf of the Presbyterian church. She accepted the offer, and trekked cross-country to arrive at the western territory in 1879. She earned a permanent teaching grant at the mission school in 1880.

In 1890, Baker relocated to the Makoce Washte reserves in present-day South Dakota, where she served as chief instructor at a school for Sioux refugees. She learned to speak Sioux, and regularly spoke Mass (Christianity) in the refugee's native language. She remained teaching at Makoce Washte until her retirement in 1905.


The Two-Bear Mambo

The Two-Bear Mambo is a suspense\crime novel written by American author Joe R. Lansdale. It is the third book in the Hap and Leonard series of novels by Lansdale.

Plot summary
Hap's African American ex-girlfriend set out to attempt to recover the long lost tapes of a deceased bluesman in a Klan infested town in East Texas. After she goes missing, her current boyfriend enlists Hap and Leonard to find out what happened to her. Needless to say they run into a lot of trouble. The town locals don't care and local law enforcement views it as a black-on-black crime not worthy of investigating. Hap, and especially Leonard, are viewed as outside meddlers who had best go back to where they came from.

Editions
This book was originally published as a trade hardcover by Mysterious Press which is now out of print. Its most recent publication was issued by Vintage Crime/Black Lizard as a trade paperback in January 2009.
[[File:Twobearmambo.jpg|thumb|Vintage Crime/Black Lizard cover]]


Beginnings: The Best of the Early Years

Beginnings: The Best of the Early Years is a greatest hits compilation album by Irish group Clannad. The albums contains tracks from most of the group's 1970s albums, and was released in August 2008.

Track listing - CD1
"Na Buachaillí Álainn"
"An Mhaighdean Mara"
"Down by the Sally Gardens"
"Dúlamán (Seaweed)"
"Crann Úll"
"Rince Briotánach (Breton Dance)"
"Mhorag’s Na Horo Gheallaidh"
"Thíos Chois Na Trá Domh"
"Teidhir Abhaile Riú"
"An tÚll"
"‘dTigeas A Damhsa? (Children’s Dance Song)"
"Planxty Browne"
"Nil Sé Ina La"
"Cumha Eoghain Rua Uí Néill"
"Coinleach Ghlas an Fhómhair

Track listing - CD2
"The Green Fields of Gaothdobhair"
"Siúil A Rún"
"An Buinneán Buí"
"Mhaire Bruinneall"
"Eleanor Plunkett"
"Siobhán Ní Dhuibhir"
"Two Sisters"
"Bruach Na Carraige Báine"
"Ar A Ghabháil ‘n A ‘chuain Domh"
"Éirigh Suas A Stóirín"
"Fairly Shot of Her"
"Buaireadh An Phósta"
"Gaoth Barra na dTonn"
"Mrs. McDermott"
"Lá Coimhthíoch Fán dTuath"
"An Pháirc"


Her Benny (novel)

Her Benny, an improving story for young people about Liverpool street children, was first published in 1879. It was the best-known and most popular work of Methodist minister and author Silas Hocking.

Published initially as a serial, and then in book form by Frederick Warne & Co. of London as Her Benny. A Story of Street Life, 1879, with illustrations by Harry Tuck.  Hocking, who had published one previous novel (Alec Green, 1878), sold the copyright of this one for just £20, but it was to establish his reputation. It became hugely successful, was translated into many languages, and sold over a million copies in the author's lifetime.

Plot

Benny Bates, a poor boy from the Liverpool slums, is ten years old when the story begins. He scrapes a living running errands in the streets; his beloved but frail sister Nelly, a year younger, sells matches.  Their mother is dead, their father a drink-sodden brute, who dies later on in the story, becomes violent towards Nelly and the two children run away from home. Helped by their friend the night-watchman Joe Wrag, and 'Granny' Betty Barker, manage to retain their independence and learn to lead Christian lives. Nelly, a child of great natural spiritual insight, acts as Benny's moral conscience; when she dies after a street accident, he is in despair.  A lucky encounter with Eva Lawrence, the little girl he will come to call his 'angel', leads to a job as office-boy to her father, a rich Liverpool businessman. Benny works hard, hoping to educate and better himself, but loses both job and reputation when Mr. Lawrence wrongly accuses him of stealing a five-pound note.  Abandoning Liverpool, he nearly dies of starvation and heat-stroke, but is rescued and nursed back to health by a kindly farming family.  He remains with them, working on the farm and studying in night school.  Six years later, and by now grown up, he bravely stops a runaway carriage in a nearby lane; only afterwards does he discover that one of its occupants was Eva Lawrence.  Benny has saved his 'angel's' life; now she reveals that she and her father have long known that he was innocent of the theft. The grateful Mr. Lawrence offers Benny a new job, this time as his clerk; he returns to Liverpool, to work his way up into partnership with Mr. Lawrence, and marriage with Eva.

Analysis

Her Benny was amongst the most popular examples of the 'waif story', a category of improving fiction for Victorian children whose purpose, although primarily religious (and typically Evangelical), was also social and political. As Hocking describes in his preface, Her Benny grew out of his Methodist ministry:

His local knowledge also emerges in the book's vivid descriptions of Victorian Liverpool, and its careful attempts to reproduce the Scouse dialect.

Didactic in intent, yet sympathetic in tone, his 'rags to riches' tale was well calculated to appeal to a contemporary audience. Its form parallels, and was probably influenced by, Hogarth's well-known and widely distributed series of engravings of Industry and Idleness, which had also been aimed at the young.  Like them, its principal message is that diligence and honesty will be rewarded; Benny as Industrious Apprentice has his Idle counterpart too, in the character of Perks, a street boy who repeatedly but unsuccessfully attempts to lure Benny into crime, and ends up dying in Dartmoor prison.

Hocking's work however is also characteristic of Victorian evangelical fiction in the emphasis placed on Christian piety, and the role of inner spiritual renewal; his Methodist beliefs emerge especially clearly in Joe Wrag's prolonged struggle with the doctrine of Predestination.  Hocking's sense of pathos is also characteristically Victorian; in particular the name chosen for Benny's little sister, as well as her character and fate, seem calculated to recall to his readership Little Nell in Dickens's 1840/1841 novel The Old Curiosity Shop, who was also marked for a tragically early grave.

Adaptations

A British silent film version of Her Benny was produced in 1920.  In 1993 the novel was also adapted into a successful stage musical by Anne Dalton, with a 25th anniversary revival in 2018. An original cast recording was issued on CD on the 'Dress Circle' label in 1993.


Sophia D. Stoddard

Sarah D. Stoddard (July 23, 1820 - March 4, 1891)  (Sarah D. Hazen) was an American educator who served as the fourth president (referred to at that time as "acting principal") of Mount Holyoke College (then Mount Holyoke Female Seminary)  from 1865-1867.  She graduated from Mount Holyoke in 1841 and taught there for eight years before becoming Head.


Xyleutes benestriata

Xyleutes benestriata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found on the Bahamas.


Ealdbeorht I

Ealdbeorht (or Alberht) was a medieval Bishop of Dunwich.

Ealdbeorht was consecrated sometime before 731 and died after that date.


Fénix (Gato Barbieri album)

Fénix is an album by Argentinian jazz composer and saxophonist Gato Barbieri featuring performances recorded in 1971 and first released on the Flying Dutchman label.

Reception

The Allmusic site awarded the album 4½ stars stating "at this point in 1971, well before the Muppets would create a caricature out of him, Barbieri was absolutely smoking, and for a certain style of rhythmic free jazz, this is a captivating album indeed".

Track listing
 "Tupac Amaru" (Gato Barbieri) - 4:14
 "Carnavalito" (Unknown) - 9:08
 "Falsa Bahiana" (Geraldo Pereira) - 	5:50 	Amazon
 "El Día Que Me Quieras" (Carlos Gardel, Alfredo Le Pera) - 6:12
 "El Arriero" (Atahualpa Yupanqui) - 7:22
 "Bahia" (Unknown) - 6:22

Personnel
Gato Barbieri - tenor saxophone
Lonnie Liston Smith - piano, electric piano
Joe Beck - electric guitar (track 1)
Ron Carter - electric bass
Lenny White - drums
Gene Golden - congas, bongos
Naná Vasconcelos - berimbau, bongos


Johann Nestroy

Johann Nepomuk Eduard Ambrosius Nestroy (7 December 1801 – 25 May 1862) was a singer, actor and playwright in the popular Austrian tradition of the Biedermeier period and its immediate aftermath. He participated in the 1848 revolutions and his work reflects the new liberal spirit then spreading throughout Europe.

Career
Nestroy was born in Vienna, where he was a law student from 1817 to 1822, before abandoning his studies to become a singer. He joined the Theater am Kärntnertor, beginning with Sarastro in The Magic Flute on 24 August 1822. After a year of singing in Vienna, he went to Amsterdam where he appeared in baritone roles for two years at the local German Theatre. From 1825 to 1831 he accepted engagements to sing and act in Brünn, Graz, Pressburg, Klagenfurt, Vienna and Lemberg. He then returned to his native Vienna and started to write and continued to perform.

Nestroy's career as a playwright was an immediate success: his 1833 play Der böse Geist Lumpazivagabundus was a major hit. He soon became a leading figure in Austrian culture and society. Nestroy succeeded Ferdinand Raimund as the leading actor-dramatist on the Volkstheater, the Viennese commercial stage or 'people's theatre'.

Whereas Raimund concentrated on romantic and magical fantasies, Nestroy used comedy for parody and criticism. Working at the time of conservative minister Klemens von Metternich, he had to carefully draft his plays to skirt the strict censorship in place. His interest in word play was legendary, and his characters often mixed Viennese German with less-than-successful attempts at more "educated" speech. Music held an important role in his work, with songs elaborating the theme or helping on with the plot.

Nestroy wrote nearly eighty comedies between the 1830s and the 1850s. Among the most important were , ,  (made into the 1939 musical comedy Titus macht Karriere by Edmund Nick), Einen Jux will er sich machen (translated as On the Razzle by Tom Stoppard in 1981) and , all of which were marked by social criticism and biting satire. He died in Graz, Austria.

Works

Nestroy remained a singer all his life, and virtually all his plays include music. He worked closely with a relatively small number of composers: Adolf Müller senior, who set 41 of Nestroy's texts between 1832 and 1847, Michael Hebenstreit, who set 10 works from 1843 to 1850, Karl Binder, who set seven from 1851 to 1859, as well as Anton M. Storch, Franz Roser, Carl Franz Stenzel, and Andreas Skutta.

Most of his works were designated as some form of Posse or farce, and of these the majority were Possen mit Gesang (i.e. 'with singing'). He also produced a number of parodies, both of operas (including [[Cendrillon (Isouard)|Cendrillion]], La Cenerentola, Lohengrin, Martha, Robert le diable, Tannhäuser and Zampa) and dramas (including Karl von Holtei's Lorbeerbaum und Bettelstab and Raupach's Robert der Teufel). In addition he wrote four Quodlibets, two Burlesken, a Travestie and finally an Operette using music by Jacques Offenbach.

His early works were performed in Graz and Pressburg, then from 1832 to 1846 he worked exclusively at the Theater an der Wien, where 45 of his plays were premiered. After two productions at the Theater in der Leopoldstadt, he moved to the Carltheater from 1847 to 1859, where another 20 were performed.

Legacy

About half of Nestroy's works have been revived by the modern German-speaking theatres and many are part and parcel of today's Viennese repertoire. However, few have ever been translated into English. Only one, Einen Jux will er sich machen, has become well known to English-speaking theatregoers. It has become a classic more than once. It was first adapted as Thornton Wilder's The Matchmaker (which later became the musical Hello, Dolly!) and later achieved success as On the Razzle, which was translated by Stephen Plaice and adapted by Tom Stoppard.

Nestroy has a square—Nestroyplatz—named after him in Vienna, as well as a station on Line 1 of the Vienna U-Bahn, which opened in 1979. When the Reichsbrücke had to be rebuilt after its collapse in 1976, the tender was won by a consortium named Project Johann Nestroy. The official name of the newly built bridge is probably Johann Nestroy Brücke, but that name doesn't seem to have any currency.

One of the most important German speaking theatre awards is named after Nestroy. The Nestroy Theatre Prize is an annual award for primarily Austrian theatre with Oscar-like categories. Its ceremony is held in Vienna and broadcast live on national television.

The Austrian illustrator and painter  adapted Nestroy's play Der Talisman for a graphic novel of the same name.


P. Folsom

P. Folsom was the head coach of the University of Maine's football team in 1895 and compiled a 1–4 record.

Head coaching record


Homebush Street Circuit

The Homebush Street Circuit, also known as the Sydney Olympic Park Street Circuit, was a temporary street circuit around the former Olympic precinct at Sydney Olympic Park, Homebush Bay, Australia. The track hosted the Sydney 500 and was used for the first time at the final round of the 2009 V8 Supercar Championship Series. The circuit was used for the final time in December 2016 due to a relocation to a Newcastle after it was announced the ANZ stadium precinct would be upgraded and block the track location.

Layout

The circuit was designed by Mark Skaife, who focused on creating a track with a variety of bumps, camber changes and fast and slow corners making it difficult to complete the perfect lap. It was constructed on Australia Avenue, Kevin Coombs Avenue, Edwin Flack Avenue and Dawn Fraser Avenue. 140 mature trees needed to be removed and kilometres of tarmac needed to be torn up to accommodate the race. Overall the track had a mixture of track surfaces.

V8 Supercar driver Jason Richards suggested that there were many difficult braking areas, interesting corners and good passing spots. The main straight was the single widest section of race track in Australia, while the straight along Edwin Flack Avenue was one of the narrowest. The outside of turn eight had an unusual negative camber that caught many drivers out in the inaugural race, resulting in several cars crashing into the outer barriers.

The first race was won by the Holden Racing Team's Garth Tander from pole position while, the second 250 km race was won by Dick Johnson Racing's James Courtney (who started from second position on the grid). Jamie Whincup secured winning the 2009 V8 Supercar Championship Series after finishing fifth in race 1 and fourteenth in race 2.

Environmental concerns

The conversion of part of the Sydney Olympic Park precinct into a V8 street-car race circuit was widely criticised. The Total Environment Centre said that the New South Wales Government overrode the threatened species law, as well as the Homebush Bay Authority's planning principals, and would cause social, environmental and economic disruption at Sydney Olympic Park. Tony McCormick, who led the team that designed Sydney Olympic Park, said "I find it truly a travesty... The site was supposed to be a legacy for generations and we can’t even make it last a decade."

Closure
In 2015, V8 Supercars proposed to shorten the circuit to reduce the event's costs. This proposal failed, and in March 2016 it was announced that the ongoing costs of running the event would result in 2016 being the final running of the Sydney 500.

Lap records
As of 3 December 2016.


First Battle of Târgu Frumos order of battle

This is the order of battle for the First Battle of Târgu Frumos (early April 1944), a World War II Soviet offensive against Axis powers in Târgu Frumos, Romania.

Soviet
2nd Tank Army, Lieutenant-General Semen Bogdanov
27th Army, Lieutenant-General Sergei Trofimenko
35th Guards Rifle Corps, Lieutenant-General Sergey Goryachev
3rd Guards Airborne Division
93rd Guards Rifle Division
202nd Rifle Division
206th Rifle Division
40th Army, Lieutenant-General Filipp Zhmachenko
51st Rifle Corps, Major-General P.P. Avdeenko
42nd Guards Rifle Division

Axis

German
8th Army, General der Infanterie Otto Wöhler
Grossdeutschland Panzer Grenadier Division, General der Panzertruppe Hasso von Manteuffel
Panzer Regiment
Panzer Grenadier Regiment
Panzer Fusilier Regiment

Romanian
4th Army, Lieutenant-General Ioan Mihail Racoviţă
1st Army Corps
6th Infantry Division
4th Army Corps
1st Guards Armoured Division, Brigadier-General Radu Korne
7th Infantry Division


Sam Carpenter (disambiguation)

Sam Carpenter may refer to:

 Sam Carpenter (born 1987), Australian rules football player
 Samuel Carpenter (1649–1714), First Treasurer and Deputy Governor of Pennsylvania