Xi'an Stele

The Xi'an Stele also known as the Nestorian Stele, Nestorian Stone, Nestorian Monument,  or Nestorian Tablet, is a Tang Chinese stele erected in 781 that documents 150 years of early Christianity in China. It is a 279 cm tall limestone block with text in both Chinese and Syriac describing the existence of Christian communities in several cities in northern China. It reveals that the initial Church of the East had met recognition by the Tang Emperor Taizong, due to efforts of the Christian missionary Alopen in 635. According to the Stele, Alopen and his fellow Syriac missionaries came to China from Daqin (the Eastern Roman Empire) in the ninth year of Emperor Taizong (Tai Tsung) (635), bringing sacred books and images. Buried in 845, probably during religious suppression, the stele was not rediscovered until 1625.

Discovery

The stele is thought to have been buried in 845, during a campaign of anti-Buddhist persecution, which also affected these Christians.

The stele was unearthed in the late Ming dynasty (between 1623 and 1625) beside Chongren Temple (崇仁寺) outside of Xi'an.
According to the account by the Jesuit Alvaro Semedo, the workers who found the stele immediately reported the find to the governor, who soon visited the monument, and had it installed on a pedestal, under a protective roof, requesting the nearby Buddhist monastery to care for it.

The newly discovered stele attracted attention of local intellectuals. It was Zhang Gengyou (Wade-Giles: Chang Keng-yu) who first identified the text as Christian in content. Zhang, who had been aware of Christianity through Matteo Ricci, and who himself may have been Christian,  sent a copy of the stele's Chinese text to his Christian friend, Leon Li Zhizao in Hangzhou, who in his turn published the text and told the locally based Jesuits about it.

Alvaro Semedo was the first European to visit the stele (some time between 1625 and 1628). Nicolas Trigault's Latin translation of the monument's inscription soon made its way in Europe, and was apparently first published in a French translation, in 1628. Portuguese and Italian translations, and a Latin re-translation, were soon published as well. Semedo's account of the monument's discovery was published in 1641, in his Imperio de la China.

Early Jesuits attempted to claim that the stele was erected by a historical community of Roman Catholics in China, called Nestorianism a heresy, and claimed that it was Catholics who first brought Christianity to China. But later historians and writers admitted that it was indeed from the Church of the East and not Roman Catholic.

The first publication of the original Chinese and Syriac text of the inscription in Europe is attributed to Athanasius Kircher. China Illustrata edited by Kircher (1667) included a reproduction of the original inscription in Chinese characters,
Romanization of the text, and a Latin translation.<ref>China monumentis: qua sacris quà profanis, ..., pp. 13-28. An English translation of Kircher's work can be found as an "Appendix" in:
Johan Nieuhof, An embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham, emperor of China : delivered by their excellencies Peter de Goyer and Jacob de Keyzer, at his imperial city of Peking wherein the cities, towns, villages, ports, rivers, &c. in their passages from Canton to Peking are ingeniously described by John Nieuhoff ; also an epistle of Father John Adams, their antagonist, concerning the whole negotiation ; with an appendix of several remarks taken out of Father Athanasius Kircher ; Englished and set forth with their several sculptures by John Ogilby (1673); the relevant chapters appear there as "[Kircher Appendix] Chap. 2 and 3", pp. 323-339.</ref> This was perhaps the first sizeable Chinese text made available in its original form to the European public. A sophisticated Romanization system, reflecting Chinese tones, used to transcribe the text, was the one developed earlier by Matteo Ricci's collaborator Lazzaro Cattaneo (1560–1640).

The work of the transcription and translation was carried out by Michał Boym and two young Chinese Christians who visited Rome in the 1650s and 1660s: Boym's traveling companion Andreas Zheng (郑安德勒) and, later, another person who signed in Latin as "Matthaeus Sina". D.E. Mungello suggests that Matthaeus Sina may have been the person who traveled overland from China to Europe with Johann Grueber.

Content
The heading on the stone, Chinese for Memorial of the Propagation in China of the Luminous Religion from Daqin (, abbreviated ). An even more abbreviated version of the title,  (Jǐngjiào bēi, "The Stele of the Luminous Religion"), in its Wade-Giles form, Ching-chiao-pei or Chingchiaopei, was used by some Western writers to refer to the stele as well.

The name of the stele can also be translated as A Monument Commemorating the Propagation of the Ta-Chin Luminous Religion in the Middle Kingdom (the church referred to itself as "The Luminous Religion of Daqin", Daqin being the Chinese language term for the Roman Empire in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, and in later eras also used to refer to the Syriac Christian churches).
The stele was erected on January 7, 781, at the imperial capital city of Chang'an (modern-day Xi'an), or at nearby Zhouzhi County. The calligraphy was by Lü Xiuyan (呂秀巖), and the content was composed by the Church of the East monk Jingjing in the four- and six-character euphemistic style. A gloss in Syriac identifies Jingjing with "Adam, priest, chorepiscopus and papash of Sinistan" (Adam qshisha w'kurapisqupa w'papash d'Sinistan). Although the term papash (literally "pope") is unusual and the normal Syriac name for China is Beth Sinaye, not Sinistan, there is no reason to doubt that Adam was the metropolitan of the Church of the East ecclesiastical province of Beth Sinaye, created a half-century earlier during the reign of Patriarch Sliba-zkha (714–28).  A Syriac dating formula refers to the Church of the East patriarch Hnanisho II (773–780), news of whose death several months earlier had evidently not yet reached the Church of the East of Chang'an. In fact, the reigning Church of the East patriarch in January 781 was Timothy I (780–823), who had been consecrated in Baghdad on 7 May 780. The names of several higher clergy (one bishop, two chorepiscopi and two archdeacons) and around seventy monks or priests are listed. The names of the higher clergy appear on the front of the stone while those of the priests and monks are inscribed in rows along the narrow sides of the stone, in both Syriac and Chinese. In some cases, the Chinese names are phonetically close to the Syriac originals, but in many other cases, they bear little resemblance to them. Some of the Church of the East monks had distinctive Persian names (such as Isadsafas, Gushnasap), suggesting that they might have come from Fars or elsewhere in Persia, but most of them had common Christian names or the kind of compound Syriac name (such as Abdisho, 'servant of Jesus') much in vogue among all Church of the East Christians. In such cases, it is impossible to guess at their place of origin.

On top of the tablet, there is a cross. Below this headpiece is a long Chinese inscription, consisting of around 1,900 Chinese characters, sometimes glossed in Syriac (several sentences amounting to about 50 Syriac words). Calling God "Veritable Majesty", the text refers to Genesis, the cross, and baptism. It also pays tribute to missionaries and benefactors of the church, who are known to have arrived in China by 640. The text contains the name of an early missionary, Alopen. The tablet describes the "Illustrious Religion" and emphasizes the Trinity and the Incarnation, but there is nothing about Christ's crucifixion or resurrection. Other Chinese elements referred to include a wooden bell, beard, tonsure, and renunciation. The Syriac proper names for God, Christ and Satan (Allaha, Mshiha and Satana) were rendered phonetically into Chinese. Chinese transliterations were also made of one or two words of Sanskrit origin such as Sphatica and Dasa. There is also a Persian word denoting Sunday.

Debate

The Xi'an Stele attracted the attention of some anti-Christian, Protestant anti-Catholic, or Catholic anti-Jesuit groups in the 17th century, who argued that the stone was a fake or that the inscriptions had been modified by the Jesuits who served in the Ming Court. The three most prominent early skeptics were the German-Dutch Presbyterian scholar Georg Horn (born 1620) (De originibus Americanis, 1652), the German historian Gottlieb Spitzel (1639–1691) (De re literaria Sinensium commentarius, 1660), and the Dominican missionary Domingo Navarrete (1618–1686) (Tratados historicos, politicos, ethicos, y religiosos de la monarchia de China, 1676). Later, Navarrete's point of view was taken up by French Jansenists and Voltaire.

By the 19th century, the debate had become less sectarian and more scholarly. Notable skeptics included Karl Friedrich Neumann, Stanislas Julien, Edward E. Salisbury and Charles Wall. Ernest Renan initially had "grave doubts", but eventually changed his mind in the light of later scholarship, in favor of the stele's genuineness. The defenders included some non-Jesuit scholars, such as Alexander Wylie, James Legge, and Jean-Pierre-Guillaume Pauthier, although the most substantive work in defense of the stele's authenticity – the three-volume La stèle chrétienne de Si-ngan-fou (1895 to 1902) was authored by the Jesuit scholar Henri Havret (1848–1902).

Paul Pelliot (1878–1945) did an extensive amount of research on the stele, which, however, was only published posthumously, in 1996.Paul Pelliott, "L'inscription nestorienne de Si-ngan-fou", ed. avec supléments par Antonino Forte, Kyoto et Paris, 1996.  His and Havret's works are still regarded as the two "standard books" on the subject.

According to Professor Daniel H. Williams, of Baylor University, in recent years the debate took a different twist. According to Williams, who believes the stele to be authentic, the stele demonstrates that a genuinely Chinese Christianity existed much earlier than it is generally believed, which runs counter the idea that Christianity in China is a “foreign” religion and has obvious political implications.

Other early Christian monuments in China
Numerous Christian gravestones have also been found in China in the Xinjiang region, Quanzhou and elsewhere from a somewhat later period.  There are also two much later stelae (from 960 and 1365) presenting a curious mix of Christian and Buddhist aspects, which are preserved at the site of the former Monastery of the cross in the Fangshan District, near Beijing.

Modern location, and replicas

Since the late 19th century a number of European scholars opined in favor of somehow getting the stele out of China and into the British Museum or some other "suitable" location (e.g., Frederic H. Balfour in his letter published in The Times in early 1886). Their plans, however, were frustrated. When the Danish scholar and adventurer Frits Holm came to Xi'an in 1907 with the plans to take the monument to Europe,
the local authorities intervened, and moved the stele, complete with its tortoise, from its location near Chongren Temple
to Xi'an's Beilin Museum (Forest of Steles Museum).See modern photos of the stele on Flickr.com, complete with the same tortoise

The disappointed Holm had to be satisfied with having an exact copy of the stele made for him. Instead of London's British Museum, he had the replica stele shipped to New York, planning to sell it to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The museum's director Caspar Purdon Clarke, however, was less than enthusiastic about purchasing "so large a stone ... of no artistic value". Nonetheless, the replica stele was exhibited in the museum ("on loan" from Mr. Holm) for about 10 years. Eventually, in 1917 some Mr. George Leary, a wealthy New Yorker, purchased the replica stele and sent it to Rome, as a gift to the Pope.  A full-sized replica cast from that replica is on permanent display in the Bunn Intercultural Center on the campus of Georgetown University (Washington, D.C.).

The original Xi'an Stele remains in the Forest of Steles. It is now exhibited in the museum's Room Number 2, and is the first stele on the left after the entry. When the official list of Chinese cultural relics forbidden to be exhibited abroad was promulgated in 2003, the stele was included into this short list of particularly valuable and important items.

Other copies of the stele and its tortoise can be found near Xi'an Daqin Pagoda, on Mount Kōya in Japan, and, in Tianhe Church, Guangzhou.


Gunton's Magazine

Gunton's Magazine was an American journal edited by George Gunton. It focused on "practical economics and political science." It was founded in 1891 as The Social Economist and was renamed Gunton's Magazine of American Economics and Political Science in 1896 before being shortened to Gunton's Magazine in 1898. The journal was published on a monthly basis and had a Republican stance. It ceased publication in 1904.


Akuaba

Akua'ba are wooden ritual fertility dolls from Ghana and nearby areas. The best known akua'ba are those of the Ashanti people, whose akua'ba have large, disc-like heads. Other tribes in the region (f.ex. Lobi people) have their own distinctive style of akua'ba.

Traditionally, these dolls are carried on the back of women either hoping to conceive a child, or to ensure the attractiveness of the child being carried. When not in active use, the akua'ba would be ritually washed and cared for.

Today, one is more likely to see a mass-produced akua'ba for sale as a souvenir than an heirloom in ritual use. Traditional use does, however, continue in some areas. The form of the akua'ba has also gained currency as a general symbol of good luck.


Marigaux

Marigaux, also known as SML (Strasser-Marigaux-Lemaire) is a French manufacturer of high quality woodwind musical instruments.

Marigaux is considered one of the world's best oboe-makers. The company has made a line of woodwinds that has also included clarinets, saxophones, flutes and bassoons.

History
Strasser Marigaux & Lemaire was founded January 12, 1935 by three partners: Charles Strasser, a businessman who was born in Switzerland; Marigaux, an instrument maker who trained at Buffet-Crampon, where his father was "premier ouvrier," and Lemaire. After the death of Lemaire many years ago, Strasser and Marigaux bought their partner's shares and the company became known as "Strasser-Marigaux." Marigaux died in the early 1970s, leaving Strasser the sole owner of the company. Strasser then sold SML (it continues to use these initials) to a holding company—Strasser-Marigaux S.A..

Strasser Marigaux began its activity in Paris with manufacture of saxophones and flutes. Production of oboes and clarinets was started in a workshop located in la Couture-Boussey, in the Eure department, cradle of French artisan manufacture.

SML ceased production of saxophones in 1982; at the time, the company was making 400 saxes a year. It was also selling saxes to King Musical Instruments, which marketed them under the name,"King Marigaux." A company spokesperson said SML stopped making saxophones because "we just couldn't compete with Selmer anymore" and would "... devote itself entirely to the improvement of the oboe and the clarinet".

External links

 SML: Most Of The Story, By Fred Cicetti - credit for the information in this article.
 SML: The Ongoing Story (update) By Peter Hales - this site is carrying the SML torch nowadays.
 Company website


Philosophical Society of South Africa

Philosophical Society of South Africa (PSSA) is a professional association of philosophers which aims to represent "the interests of the academic philosophical community in Southern Africa." It publishes South African Journal of Philosophy.

Controversy
The society became controversial in 2017 due to allegations of racism.


When the Red King Comes

When the Red King Comes is the second album by Elephant 6 band Elf Power. It is a concept album about the Red King's kingdom. The cover art is taken from a section of an imaginary map called “The Land of Make Believe”,  drawn in 1930 by Jaro Hess. A more complete version of this map can be seen in "The Writer's Map: An Atlas of Imaginary Lands", edited by Huw Lewis-Jones.

Track listing
All songs written by Andrew Rieger unless otherwise noted.
 "Step Through the Portal..."
 "...Into the Everlasting Time"
 "The Frightened Singers"
 "The Secret Ocean"
 "The Arrow Flies Close"
 "Icy Hands Will Never Melt Away"
 "When the Red King Comes"
 "The Separating Fault"
 "Spectators"
 "Introducing Cosmic Space" (Andrew Rieger, Bryan Helium)
 "The Bengal Parade"
 "Needles in the Camels Eyes" (Brian Eno, Phil Manzanera)
 "...The Silver Lake" (Laura Carter)
 "It's Been a Million Years"

Personnel
 Andrew Rieger - guitars, vocals, flute, zanzitophone, keyboards, bass, percussion
 Laura Carter - keyboards, vocals, Moog synthesizer, zanzitophone, loops
 Bryan Helium - bass, vocals, guitar, sitar, keyboards
 Aaron Wegelin - drums, vocals, percussion


The Sky Is Red

The Sky Is Red () is a 1950 Italian drama film. It is the directorial debut of Claudio Gora and it is based on the novel with the same name by Giuseppe Berto, depicting the struggle for survival of a group of boys and girls in a bombed-out town in Italy during World War II.

It was shown as part of a retrospective "Questi fantasmi: Cinema italiano ritrovato" at the 65th Venice International Film Festival.

Cast
Jacques Sernas: Tullio
Marina Berti: Carla
Mischa Auer: Daniele
Anna Maria Ferrero: Giulia
Lauro Gazzolo: calzolaio
Liliana Tellini: Nora
Amedeo Trilli


Strickland Creek (Ontario)

Strickland Creek is a stream in both the municipality of Fauquier-Strickland and Unorganized North Cochrane District, Cochrane District in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the James Bay drainage basin and is a right tributary of Moonbeam Creek.

Course
The creek begins at an unnamed wetland in the municipality of Fauquier-Strickland and flows northeast, then turns north, and passes under Ontario Highway 11 and the Ontario Northland Railway just east of the community of Strickland. It continues north, flows into geographic Alexandra Township in Unorganized North Cochrane District, and reaches its mouth at Moonbeam Lake. The lake flows via Moonbeam Creek, the Poplar Rapids River, the Mattagami River and the Moose River to James Bay.


Lübeck-Travemünde F.2

__NOTOC__

The Lübeck-Travemünde F.2 was a 1910s German reconnaissance floatplane. The F.2 was an improved version of the company's earlier F.1 floatplane and was the first armed aircraft built by Flugzeugwerft Lübeck-Travemünde GmbH, a subsidiary of Deutsche Flugzeug-Werke. The F.2 was a twin-float biplane powered by a 220 hp (164 kW) Mercedes D.IV engine. With a crew of two (pilot and observer), the observer's rear cockpit was fitted with a 7.92 mm (0.31 in) Parabellum machine gun. Eleven aircraft were built.

Operators

Kaiserliche Marine

Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service (F.4)

Specifications


Marko Boltić

Marko Boltić (born October 6, 1987) is a Serbian professional basketball player for Naturtex-SZTE-Szedeák of the Hungarian League.

External links


Alistair Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 9th Marquess of Londonderry

Alexander Charles Robert "Alistair" Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 9th Marquess of Londonderry (7 September 1937 – 20 June 2012) was a British nobleman.

Biography
The son of Robin Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 8th Marquess of Londonderry (1902–1955) and his wife, the former Romaine Combe (died 1951), Alexander Charles Robert Vane-Tempest-Stewart was known familiarly as "Alistair". When the 8th Marquess died in 1955, Alistair became the 9th Marquess at age 18.  He renovated the family estate, Wynyard Park, County Durham, which Nikolaus Pevsner described as "the most splendid 19th century mansion house in the county". Wynyard was sold by Lord Londonderry in 1987 and is now owned by the property developer Sir John Hall.

Lord Londonderry was an accomplished pianist and a self-taught linguist.  He could read French, German, and Italian.  As a student, he ran a jazz band called the "Eton Five".  His first wife, whom he married in 1958, was Nicolette Elaine Katherine, daughter of Michael Harrison, a stockbroker, and his Latvian-born wife Baroness Maria Koskull.  Nicolette, Lady Londonderry, gave birth to two daughters: Lady Sophia (b. 23 February 1959) and Lady Cosima (b. 25 December 1961, who married Lord John Robert Somerset, third son of David Somerset, 11th Duke of Beaufort).

She also gave birth to a son, Tristan, who was once but is no longer styled Viscount Castlereagh, as Lord Londonderry later proved that Tristan was not his biological child, but that of singer Georgie Fame.  The Londonderrys divorced in 1971. Lady Cosima would later claim that her biological father was actually Robin Douglas-Home, nephew of Sir Alec Douglas-Home, the former Prime Minister. Nicolette married Georgie Fame in 1972; they later had another son, James. She committed suicide on 13 August 1993 by jumping off Clifton Suspension Bridge.

Lord Londonderry's second wife was Doreen Patricia Wells, former principal dancer at the Royal Ballet, whom he married in 1972; they divorced in 1989. They had two sons, Frederick Aubrey Vane-Tempest-Stewart (born 6 September 1972), and Lord Reginald Alexander Vane-Tempest-Stewart (b. 1977), who is married to Chloë Belinda Guinness (born 29 April 1976); the couple have one child.

Death
The 9th Marquess of Londonderry died on 20 June 2012, aged 74. His elder son, Frederick Vane-Tempest-Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, succeeded to his titles as the 10th Marquess.

Ancestry


Abay (town)

Abay (, Abaý) is a town (since 1961) located in central Kazakhstan, and has served as the capital of Abay District in Karaganda Region since 2002. Population:

Abay was founded in 1949 as a coal mining settlement with the name Sherubay-Noora (, Sherýbaı-Nura; , Churubay-Nura). In 1961, it was renamed Abay, after Abay Qunanbayuli, a Kazakh poet, composer and philosopher.

Sport
In 2014 a team from Abay participated in the national championships in bandy for junior players born in 1996 and younger.


4HI

4HI AM is a classic hits-formatted radio station in Emerald, Queensland, owned and operated by Macquarie Regional Radio, following its acquisition of the Smart Radio Group in 2011.

Ownership
4HI is currently owned by Macquarie Regional Radio, a subsidiary of Macquarie Radio Network, after the company acquired the Smart Radio Group in August 2011 at a cost of $6 million.  The Macquarie Regional Radio Network is a wholly owned subsidiary of John Singleton's Macquarie Radio Network.  4HI and the other stations on the Macquarie Regional Radio Network throughout regional Queensland are therefore sister stations to Sydney radio station 2GB, which is reflected in on air programming.

However, plans are underway to sell the stations on the Macquarie Regional Radio Network, including 4HI, to comply with ACMA legislation following the merger between the Macquarie Radio Network and Fairfax Media in 2014.

Broadcast area

4HI broadcasts to the greater Central Highland and Coalfields area of Queensland on a total of eleven transmitters, serving various local communities and coal mines in the region.

The station's main three AM transmitters are located in Emerald, Dysart and Moranbah, while the less powerful FM repeaters are located at Clermont, Rolleston, Sojitz Minerva Mine, BMA Blackwater Mine, Blair Athol Mine, Peak Downs Mine, Goonyella North Mine and Goonyella Riverside Mine.

Programming

4HI is a one-announcer station and only broadcasts a limited amount of weekday programming from the station's Emerald studio, including a three-hour breakfast show, hosted by Joel Reinke, and an hour-long lunchtime program.  There is also sports-themed local programming on 4HI each Saturday morning.

The station relies heavily on nationally syndicated programming from 2GB in Sydney, such as the Ray Hadley Morning Show, the Alan Jones highlights program, the Chris Smith Afternoon Show, Money Matters with Ross Greenwood and the Continuous Call Team.

4HI also airs a networked drive program each weekday afternoon from 3pm which originates from 4HI's sister station in Roma, 4ZR and is broadcast across the Macquarie Regional Radio network.

Weekday program guide

Saturday program guide

Sunday program guide

External links
Official website


Tahir Kamran

Tahir Kamran, (), is a notable Pakistani historian and former  Iqbal fellow at the University of Cambridge, as professor in the Centre of South Asian Studies. He has authored four books and has written several articles specifically on the history of the Punjab, sectarianism, democracy, and governance.  He was the head of the department of history when he founded a semi-annual scholarly journal, The Historian.

He has been influential in the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and implemented methods to improve educational standards in Pakistan.

Kamran has been a visiting fellow at Southampton University, the SOAS and at the University of Cambridge . He remained associated with Government College University, Lahore as chairperson of Department of History and the Dean of the faculty of Arts and Social Sciences of the University till January 10, 2018.

Tahir Kamran established Khaldunia Centre for Historical Research in Lahore. The Centre publishes academic books. Under the auspices of the Centre, he leads a team which edits a semi-annual scholarly journal, Pakistan Journal of Historical Studies. The journal, which primarily focuses on histories of emotions and animals, is edited in Pakistan and published in the USA by Indiana University Press, Bloomington.

Tahir Kamran is instrumental in internationalizing the Government College University Lahore. Due to his efforts, the number of international students in the University has increased considerably.

Bibliography

 Tareekh-i-Pakistan, from 1707 to 1988 (History of Pakistan 1707-1988), Lahore: Majeed Book Depot, 1993.
 Also translated in Urdu: Jamhoriyat aur Tarz-i-Hukamrani, Lahore: South Asia Partnership, 2009.
 (Co-edited), Critical Perspectives on Social Sciences in Pakistan. Lahore: GC University, 2008.
 Democracy and Governance in Pakistan, Lahore: South Asia Partnership, 2008
 Kamran, Tahir. Democracy and Governance in Pakistan. Lahore: South Asia Partnership — Pakistan, 2008. OCLC 276144654
 Also translated in Urdu: Pakistan mein Jamhuriat aur Governance (Lahore: South Asia Partnership, 2008)
 Role of Election Commission in Pakistan Politics, Lahore: South Asia Partnership, 2009
 Kamran, Tahir. Election Commission of Pakistan: Role in Politics. Lahore: South Asia Partnership — Pakistan, 2009. OCLC 608495037
 With Ian Talbot, Lahore: In the Raj London: Hurst & Co., 2016.

Translations (Urdu)
 Punjab Mein Zarai Paidawar Aur Nau Abadyati Policy, Trans. of J. S. Grewal, Tareekh Oct, 2003
 Ru Ba Taraqi Riyasat Ka Mazi Aur Mustaqbil, Trans. of Amiya Kumar Bagchi, Tareekh, Apr, 2003
 Aik Masa’la: Tareekh Ki Tahreer-I-Nau, Trans. of Niladri Bhattacharia, Tareekh, 2003
 Kisan Aur Inqilab, Trans. of Hamza Alvi, Tareekh, 1999
 Pakistan - Raisat Ka Bohran, Anthology of Hamza Alavi’s sociological writings, (Lahore: Fiction House, 2002)
 Jagirdari aur Samraj, Anthology of Hamza Alavi’s sociological writings, (Lahore: Fiction House, 1999)
 Punjab mein baen bazoo kee Tareekh. Trans. of Dr Ajit Javed, Left Politics in Punjab, (Lahore, Fiction House: Lahore, 1997)
 Khizar Tiwana, Trans. of Ian Talbot, Khizar Tiwana, (Lahore: Fiction House, 1996)
 Punjab: Ghulami say Azadi Tuk (1849-11947), Trans of Ian Talbot, Punjab and the Raj, (Lahore: Takhliqaat, 1996)
 Pakistan kay Muashi, Siasi aur Talimi Masail, Trans. of Abdus Samad, Problems of Governance in Pakistan, (Lahore: Fiction House, 1996)


Obukhovo, Staroselskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast

Obukhovo () is a rural locality (a village) in Staroselskoye Rural Settlement, Vologodsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 1 as of 2002.

Geography
The distance to Vologda is 49 km, to Striznevo is 8 km.


Pradalunga

Pradalunga (Bergamasque: ) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Bergamo in the Italian region of Lombardy, located about  northeast of Milan and about  northeast of Bergamo. As of 31 December 2006, it had a population of 4,460 and an area of .

The municipality of Pradalunga contains the frazione (subdivision) Cornale.

Pradalunga borders the following municipalities: Albino, Cenate Sopra, Nembro, Scanzorosciate.

Pradalunga has many hills and mountains: the most important mountain in Pradalunga is “Mount Misma“. The Serio River crosses Pradalunga, so Pradalunga is in the Seriana Valley.
On Mount Misma there is a sanctuary. Its name is “Forcella” and it is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was built by miners. Next to the sanctuary there is a restaurant.

The patron saints of  Pradalunga and Cornale are Saint Lucy, Saint Christopher, Saint Vincent and  Saint Barbara.
Saint Lucy brings presents to the children in the night of every 13 December. Pradalunga and Cornale's people pray a lot for them. There are three churches dedicated to the patron saints; some local streets are named for them.
Saint Barbara is the patron of every miner. Miners are very important for the economy of Pradalunga because in this village there are the quarries of  the “Coti” stones; from these quarries miners used to extract the “Coti” stones. These stones are typical of Pradalunga and they are used to sharpen knives, scissors and so on. They are exported to a lot of foreign countries.


Dominique Roquebert

Dominique Roquebert (Bayonne 1744-Battle of Tamatave 1811) was a French navy officer.

Trained at the École d’Hydrographie de Bayonne, Roquebert rose to the rank of Captain in the French Navy. In December 1809, he led Roquebert's expedition to the Caribbean to Guadeloupe.

In 1811, Roquebert fought at the Battle of Tamatave, the last engagement of the Mauritius campaign of 1809–1811. He was killed on his flagship, Renommée, while covering the retreat of his squadron.

Honours
A dock of Bayonne was named Quai du Commandant Roquebert in his honour.

Sources and references


Anisopodus batesi

Anisopodus batesi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae that was described by Gilmour in 1965.


Isotomurus

Isotomurus is a genus of elongate-bodied springtails in the family Isotomidae. There are at least 40 described species in Isotomurus.

Species
These 40 species belong to the genus Isotomurus:

 Isotomurus aequalis (Macgillivray, 1896)
 Isotomurus aetnensis Carapelli, Frati, Fanciulli & Dallai, 2001
 Isotomurus alticolus (Carl, 1899)
 Isotomurus annectens Yosii, 1963
 Isotomurus atreus Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980
 Isotomurus balteatus (Reuter, 1876)
 Isotomurus beskidensis Rusek, 1963
 Isotomurus bidenticulata Tullberg, 1976
 Isotomurus bimus Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980
 Isotomurus cassagnaui Deharveng & Lek, 1993
 Isotomurus catalana Cassagnau, 1987
 Isotomurus cibus Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980
 Isotomurus denticulatus Kos, 1937
 Isotomurus festus Potapov, Porco & Deharveng, 2018
 Isotomurus fucicola (Schött, 1893)
 Isotomurus fucicolus (Reuter, 1891)
 Isotomurus gallicus Carapelli & al., 2001
 Isotomurus ghibellinus Carapelli, Frati, Fanciulli & Dallai, 1995
 Isotomurus graminis Fjellberg, 2007
 Isotomurus hadriaticus Carapelli, Frati, Fanciulli & Dallai, 2001
 Isotomurus italicus Carapelli & al., 1995
 Isotomurus keilbachi Palissa, 1969
 Isotomurus lateclavus Kos, 1937
 Isotomurus maculatus (Schaeffer, 1896)
 Isotomurus nebulosus Lek & Carapelli, 1998
 Isotomurus opala Christiansen & Bellinger, 1992
 Isotomurus palliceps (Uzel, 1891)
 Isotomurus palustris (Müller, 1776) (marsh springtail)
 Isotomurus palustroides Folsom, 1937
 Isotomurus plumosus Bagnall, 1940
 Isotomurus pseudopalustris Carapelli, Frati, Fanciulli & Dallai, 2001
 Isotomurus rabili Deharveng & Lek, 1993
 Isotomurus retardatus Folsom, 1937
 Isotomurus schaefferi (Krausbauer, 1947)
 Isotomurus stuxbergi (Tullberg, 1876)
 Isotomurus subterraneus Stach, 1946
 Isotomurus texensis Folsom, 1937
 Isotomurus tricolor (Packard, 1873)
 Isotomurus unifasciatus (Börner, 1901)
 Isotomurus viridipalustris Kos, 1937


Art of Bleeding

Art of Bleeding is a Los Angeles-based multi-media performance troupe providing darkly comic, faux-educational programs in first-aid and safety at clubs, galleries and art events.  Staging shows from an actual ambulance, The Art of Bleeding creates what their press release refers to as a “paramedical funhouse” wherein puppets and costumed characters interact with a crew of nurses wearing medical-themed fetish gear.  Events are hosted by costumed characters reminiscent of children's programming including the company's  “beloved mascot,” Abram the Safety Ape and RT, the Robot Teacher. In their performances and web videos, the group promotes an ill-defined and intentionally cryptic metaphysical doctrine that they call “True Safety Consciousness.”

The group’s ambulance also functions as a mobile recording studio for their Gory Details Project, in which true-life tales of medical trauma are gathered from passersby to be shared in an online library of movies and mp3s.  Some of these stories are also re-enacted within the framework of what would appear to be a tragically misguided children's show, the “Gory Details” web series.

In addition to live shows, videos, recordings, and paramedical-themed music, The Art of Bleeding has also choreographed public performances of bandaged and crutch-enabled dancers, created grisly anatomical walk-through installations, and staged a parking-lot display of smoldering, freshly wrecked cars peopled with bloodied actors sharing their cautionary tales.

The troupe was founded by Al Ridenour, former leader of the Los Angeles branch of the Cacophony Society.  When asked about the nature of his group, Ridenour has said, "Think of Art of Bleeding as a sort of public outreach multi-media brainwashing course in emergency medicine, and you’ll have a good handle on it. At least better than me...".

Ridenour's then wife Margaret Cho was featured in a March 29, 2006 performance.


Cäcilie (Strauss)

"Cäcilie", Op. 27 No. 2, is the second in a set of four songs composed by Richard Strauss in 1894.

The words are from a love poem "Cäcilie" written by Heinrich Hart (1855–1906), a German dramatic critic and journalist who also wrote poetry. It was written for the poet's wife Cäcilie.

, or UK English as "Cecilia".

History

Strauss composed the song at Marquartstein on 9 September 1894.
, the day before his wedding to the soprano Pauline de Ahna.  All four of the Opus 27 songs, including Cäcilie were given as a wedding present to her.

Instrumentation and accompaniment
The song was originally written with piano accompaniment in the key of E major, but later orchestrated in his 'heroic' key of E.  The instrumentation is: 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in B, 2 bassoons, 4 horns in E, 2 trumpets in E, 3 trombones, tuba, 3 timpani, harp and the orchestral string section.

The tempo direction is "Sehr lebhaft und drängend".

Strauss, in his rich and lively orchestration, included parts for a solo string player from each section.

The change of key a semitone down from E to E explains why, from bar 34 on the violas are asked to play the note B, a semitone below the lowest note normally possible on the instrument; and at this point Strauss asks half the violas to tune this string down a semitone. For the same reason the full score, bar 39, gives the second flute the note B, a semitone lower than its normal lowest note.

Lyrics

Opus 27
The other songs of Strauss' Opus 27:
 Op. 27 No. 1 "Ruhe, meine Seele!" (Nicht ein Lüftchen regt sich leise)
 Op. 27 No. 3 "Heimliche Aufforderung" (Auf, hebe die funkelnde Schale)
 Op. 27 No. 4 "Morgen!" (Und morgen wird die Sonne wieder scheinen)

Recordings

There are many recordings of this, one of Strauss's most popular songs. Richard Strauss recorded it in once in 1944, accompanying the Austrian soprano Maria Reining on the piano.

References and notes

External links


Cieszkowy

Cieszkowy  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czarnocin, within Kazimierza County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-east of Czarnocin,  north-east of Kazimierza Wielka, and  south of the regional capital Kielce.

The village has a population of 250.


Vervoort

Vervoort is a Dutch toponymic surname. It is a contraction of the name Van der Voort, meaning "from the ford" (fordable place).  Notable people with the surname include:

Ann Vervoort (1977–2010), Belgian dancer and graphic designer
David Vervoort (born 1977), Belgian record producer and musician
Désiré Vervoort (1810–1886), Belgian lawyer and politician
Jonathan Vervoort (born 1993), Belgian footballer
Marieke Vervoort (1979–2019), Belgian athlete at the Paralympic Games
Patrick Vervoort (born 1965), Belgian footballer
Rudi Vervoort (born 1958), Belgian politician, Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region


Kenya national under-19 basketball team

The Kenya national under-19 basketball team represents Kenya in international under-19 and under-18 (under age 19 and under age 18) basketball competitions. It is operated by the Kenya Basketball Federation (KBF).


Dąbrowica, Szczecinek County

Dąbrowica  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Borne Sulinowo, within Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland. It lies approximately  north of Borne Sulinowo,  south-west of Szczecinek, and  east of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1648 the area was part of Duchy of Pomerania, 1648-1945 Prussia and Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.

The village has a population of 30.


Encephalartos sclavoi

Encephalartos sclavoi, common name Sclavo's cycad, is a critically endangered cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Tanzania, with a population of only ~50 mature plants.

Description
Encephalartos sclavoi  grows to about  high. The leaves are  long, dark green and semiglossy. Its seed cones are yellow, being  long and  in diameter.

It was described in 1990 by Aldo Moretti, D.W. Stevenson and Paolo Deluca, honoring Jean Pierre Sclavo, a French collector of cycads, who first discovered this species.


Notioplusia

Notioplusia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.

Species
 Notioplusia illustrata Guenée, 1852


Taryatu-Chulutu

Taryatu-Chulutu (, "rocks of Tariat") is a volcanic field in Mongolia. It is part of a volcanic area in Central Asia in the Hangai range that may be linked to the rifting of the Lake Baikal Rift. The field itself is located within the valleys of the Chuluut and Suman rivers. Volcanic activity occurred in the Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene. The Khorgo cinder cone erupted during the Holocene and lava flows from it formed a lava dam generating Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur lake.

Geological context
The volcanic field lies in the Taryatu depression, on the northern slope of the Hangai range. There, the field spans the river valleys of the Chuluut River, its tributary Gichigin and the Suman River rivers. The field is sometimes named Tariat volcanic field after the town of Tariat. Rivers frequently run in canyons bordered by lava plains.

Tectonically, the field is located within the Tarvagatay terrane which formed 3,000-200 mya ago and between 1,000 and 250 mya was accreted into the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. This terrane is formed by amphibolite, gneiss, migmatite and schist. An anorthosite pluton has yielded ages of 3,050 mya and is the oldest age from this terrane. Following stabilization of the whole Hangai region in the Paleozoic, only in the late Cenozoic did tectonic activity recommence.

Volcanism in this field appears to be related to volcanism which is widespread in this part of Asia. Localized asthenosphere upwellings may be responsible for these volcanic events at Hangai and other volcanic centres around Lake Baikal. Other theories for the Hangai postulate a mantle plume or the removal of part of the lithosphere by asthenospheric currents.

Geology
The volcanism is exposed in river terraces of the Chulutu river. The  terraces formed during the Miocene and the  terraces in the Pliocene. Lava sheets in the lower two thirds of the Pliocene layers are thicker than the upper lava flows. The  terrace of the Chulutu river and the  terraces in the Taryatu river are of Pleistocene age. This sequence reaches thicknesses of . In the Miocene-Pliocene a major lava plateau was formed on the eastern end of the Taryat depression, with a surface area of . The depression itself however does not appear to contain lavas from this plateau. Between 0.75 and 0.36 mya the Taryat–Chulutyn lava river was erupted from several Pleistocene-Holocene centres and grew to a length of  . Within the depression it has a width of , a thickness of  and a length of  .

Shavaryn-Tsaram forms a breccia and pyroclastic deposit accompanied by a lava flow following the valley bottom,  south of the Suman river. The pyroclastic deposit covers a surface area of . It is not clear if the lava flow and the pyroclastic deposit were formed by the same volcanic eruption.

In the western part of the depression, six Holocene cinder cones are found which have generated lava flows. These lava flows have thicknesses of . These cones include Khorog and Dzan Tologai. An arcuate chain of volcanoes named Odnobokii, Listvennichnyi, and Sosnovyi is found directly southwest of Khorog/Khorgo. The first volcano has a crater lip in its side, while the other two volcanoes are partly buried in lava flows. These lava flows show sag structures formed by the collapse of lava tubes.

Khorog/Khorgo has a dimension of  base diameter and a height of . On top of the cone sits a  wide crater. Among the components of the cone are scoria and large blocks of basalt. The cone is breached at the location of a lava tube. Its eruption also generated an eastward pointing ash deposit with thicknesses of . It also contains lapilli and lava bombs with dimensions of . Very little soil is developed on the Khorgo lavas. Lavas from this cone dammed a river, generating the Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake. The eruption of Khorgo was probably fed from a north-northeast striking eruption fissure.

Composition
Augitite, potassic limburgite, pyroxene trachybasalts and trachyte-andesite are found in the Pliocene layers. Potassic basanite and limburgite are found in the Pleistocene layers. Holocene layers contain augitite, leucite basanite, potassic hawaiite and leucite tephrite. Horgo/Khorgo is constructed from phonolitic tephrite and its lavas range alkali basalt-basanite. There is a clear trend in increasing  and alkali content during the Pleistocene and the Holocene, indicating together with the xenolith content that the origin of these recent basalts is deep.

Xenoliths are also found in the Pliocene layers and are composed of peridotite, sanidine and spinel-lherzolite. Pleistocene layers contain ultramafic xenoliths, with the youngest Holocene flows containing the largest amounts. Shavaryn-Tsaram is particularly well known as a source of xenoliths. In the 1970s and 1980s this volcano was prospected and mined for garnets.

Eruptive history
Volcanic activity in the field ranges from Pliocene to Holocene, commencing about 8 mya ago. The Shavaryn-Tsaram volcano has an age of 1.2 mya.

The Khorgo/Horgo cinder cones was considered to be about 4 ka old,  dating on organic material in its sediments has indicated ages of 8 ka. The Global Volcanism Program indicates a date of 2980 BCE ± 150 years. Some geologists have correlated the activity of Paektusan, Udokan Plateau and Wudalianchi volcanoes elsewhere in Asia and have presumed that common geologic events did influence the activity of all three centres.

Environment

Khorgo volcano is part of the Khorgo-Terkhiin Tsagaan Nuur National Park, which was established in 1965. Most precipitation in the area falls during summer. The national park () has a surface area of  and lies at an altitude of . The Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake is an important food source for migratory waterfowl and has a surface area of .


Kumluca, Hasankeyf

Kumluca is a village in the District of Hasankeyf, Batman Province, Turkey. As of 2011 it had a population of 20  people.


Ben Forjoe

Benjamin Kofi Amoah Forjoe was a Ghanaian police officer, diplomat and politician.

Ben Forjoe was a police officer who also received training from Israel as a counterintelligence officer.

Foreign Service
Forjoe worked with the research (intelligence) bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and became the Deputy Director of the Research Bureau in 1961. He was later appointed the first Ghanaian director of the Research Bureau the following year. He became the head of the Passport Division of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in November 1965. In 1973, he was appointed Ghana’s Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Togo and Benin by the National Redemption Council military government led by Colonel Acheampong. Another Ghanaian diplomat and writer, K. B. Asante who also served under Kwame Nkrumah wrote highly of Forjoe's conduct while in office.

Security service
In 1963, he was appointed to the Bureau of National Investigations (then known as the Special Branch). He became its Director in 1964, a position he held until November 1965. He was earmarked by the Provisional National Defence Council (PNDC) to revamp Ghanaian security following the coup d'état on 31 December 1981 by the PNDC.

Politics
Forjoe was appointed the Commissioner for Interior Affairs by the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings from June 1979 until August 1979. He was appointed Special Coordinator at the Office of the Chairman of the PNDC which was the ruling military government in Ghana in January 1983 under Jerry Rawlings. He continued as Special Coordinator at the Office of the President on the return to constitutional rule under the National Democratic Congress of Jerry Rawlings until he retired in 1996.

Industry
Following his stint in politics, he joined Dorman Long Steel in Ghana as its Managing Director until 1982 when he was recalled by the Ghana government for service.

Honours
In 1997, he was awarded the Companion of the Order of the Star of Ghana, the highest national award by the Government of Ghana for his meritorious services to the country.


Out of Control: Live from the O2 2009

Out of Control: Live from the O2 2009 is a live album by British pop group Girls Aloud. The CD is part of the Out Of Control Live from The O2 2009 DVD limited fan edition set, only available on Girls Aloud's official website. The CD was recorded on 24 May 2009 at The O2 Arena in  London while the group was on their Out of Control Tour. The album contains all the songs from the tour, with the exception of the Megamix that ends the show.

Track listing


Jürgen Mittelstraß

Jürgen Mittelstraß (born October 11, 1936 in Düsseldorf) is a German philosopher especially interested in the philosophy of science.

Career
Mittelstraß studied philosophy, history and protestant theology at the universities of Bonn, Erlangen, Hamburg and Oxford from 1956 until 1961. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Erlangen in 1961, where he afterwards wrote his habilitation, completing in 1968. He was influenced by the Erlanger Konstruktivismus.

In 1970 Mittelstraß became a professor of philosophy in the University of Konstanz and from 1970 to 2005 he was a full professor of philosophy of science at Konstanz.

He is the editor of the Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie (4 volumes, 1980–1996; second edition 2005ff., 5 volumes as yet).

Academic recognition
Mittelstraß is member of numerous scientific and philosophical societies and has received several awards. He has been awarded honorary doctorates from six universities, the Humboldt University of Berlin, the Berlin Institute of Technology, the Universities of Pittsburgh, Iaşi, Duisburg-Essen and the Tartu.

He is a member of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Academia Europaea.

Private life
Mittelstraß is married and has four daughters.

Awards
 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize (German Research Foundation, 1989)
 Order of Merit of the State of Berlin (1993)
 Merit Cross 1st Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (Verdienstkreuz 1. Klasse) (1999)
 Arthur Burkhardt Prize (1992)
 Lorenz Oken Medal (Society of German Scientists and Physicians, 1998)
 Award of the Dr. Margrit Egnér Foundation (2000)
 Werner Heisenberg Medal (Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, 2000)
 Bavarian Order of Merit (2006)
 Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class (2011)
 Nicholas Rescher Prize for Systematic Philosophy (University of Pittsburgh, 2012)

Major works
 Die Rettung der Phänomene (1962, Dissertation)
 Neuzeit und Aufklärung (1970, )
 Die Möglichkeit von Wissenschaft (1974, )
 Wissenschaft als Lebensform (1982,
 Der Flug der Eule (1989, )
 Die unzeitgemäße Universität (1994, )
 Die Häuser des Wissens (1998, )
 Wissen und Grenzen (2001, )
 Wem gehört das Sterben?, in: Robertson-von Trotha, Caroline Y. (ed.): Tod und Sterben in der Gegenwartsgesellschaft. Eine interdisziplinäre Auseinandersetzung [= Kulturwissenschaft interdisziplinär/Interdisciplinary Studies on Culture and Society, Vol. 3] (2008, )


All Will Be Well

All Will Be Well () is a 2007 Polish drama film directed by Tomasz Wiszniewski.

Cast
 Robert Więckiewicz - Andrzej
 Adam Werstak - Pawel Kwiatkowski
 Beata Kawka - Reporter Anna
 Izabela Dąbrowska - Zofia Kwiatkowska
 Daniel Mąkolski - Piotr Kwiatkowski
  - Postman Henio
  - Doctor
 Janusz Kłosiński - Priest
 Zdzisław Kuźniar - Wladek


Big Sister (radio series)

{{Infobox radio show
| show_name     =
| image         = Alice frost 1940.JPG
| imagesize     =
| caption       = Alice Frost had the title role on Big Sister
| other_names   =
| format        = Soap opera
| runtime       =
| country       = United States
| language      = English
| home_station  =
| syndicates    = CBS
| television    =
| presenter     =
| starring      = Alice FrostNancy MarshallMarjorie ArmstrongMercedes McCambridgeGrace Matthews
| announcer     = Fred UttalJim AmecheHugh Conover
| creator       = Lillian Lauferty
| writer        = Lillian LaufertyJulian FuntCarl BixbyBob NewmanBill Sweets
| director      = Mitchell GraysonWilliam TuttleTheodore HustonThomas F. VictorBetsy Tuthill
| senior_editor =
| editor        =
| producer      =
| exec_producer =
| narrated      =
| rec_location  =
| rem_location  =
| oth_location  =
| first_aired   = September 14, 1936
| last_aired    = December 26, 1952
| num_series    =
| num_episodes  =
| audio_format  =
| opentheme     = Valse Bluette
| othertheme    =
| endtheme      =
| sponsor       = Lever Brothers (Rinso)Procter & Gamble
| website       =
| podcast       =
}}Big Sister was a daytime radio drama series created by Lillian Lauferty and broadcast on CBS from September 14, 1936, to December 26, 1952. It was sponsored by Lever Brothers for Rinso until 1946 when Procter & Gamble became the sponsor.

Set in the fictional town of Glen Falls, the program dramatized the life of Ruth Evans who sacrificed her own happiness to care for her younger sister Sue and their crippled brother Neddie. After Sue married reporter Jerry Miller, Ruth continued to care for Neddie. She fell in love with Neddie's doctor, John Wayne, who cured Neddie. Ruth and John married on October 19, 1939, but during World War II, John was held in a Japanese prison camp. He returned to Glen Falls suffering from shell-shock. John was played by Staats Cotsworth, Martin Gabel, and Paul McGrath.

The actresses who portrayed Ruth over the decades were Alice Frost, Nancy Marshall, Marjorie Anderson and Mercedes McCambridge. Sue was played by Haila Stoddard, Dorothy McGuire, Peggy Conklin and Fran Carlon. Michael O'Day was heard in the role of little Neddie Evans. In 1940, ZaSu Pitts joined the cast as Mamie Wayne.

Over the years the program's writers, in addition to Lauferty, were Julian Funt, Carl Bixby, Bob Newman and Bill Sweets. Announcers for the program were Fred Uttal, Jim Ameche and Hugh Conover. Organist Richard Leibert furnished the background music and the opening theme, "Valse Bluette". Ameche's son, Jim Ameche, Jr., played Richard, the son of John and Ruth Wayne.

In an indication of the program's popularity, listeners sent truckloads of wedding presents to the CBS studio when characters Ruth Evans and Dr. John Wayne were married. Its success led to a spin-off radio series, Bright Horizon, which CBS began broadcasting in 1941.  To attract audience to the new show, Alice Frost reprised her role as Ruth Evans Wayne in early episodes of Bright Horizon.

Note


James Backhouse (botanist, 1825–1890)

James Backhouse (1825–1890) was an English botanist, archaeologist, and geologist. He was the son of James Backhouse (1794–1869), a botanist and missionary.

Life
Backhouse was educated at Lawrence Street School, (which later became Bootham School), York. He worked in Norway, Ireland, and Scotland, and was particularly known for his work on the flora of Teesdale. He was a correspondent of Charles Darwin.

He was also a member of the Religious Society of Friends, also known as the Quakers.

Notes

references
Desmond, Ray. 1994. Dictionary of British and Irish botanists and horticulturists including plant collectors, flower painters and garden designers. New edition, revised and completely updated with the assistance of Christine Ellwood. London: Taylor & Francis & the Natural History Museum, 1994.


William Geise

William Geise was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1879. Other positions he held include member of the town board of supervisors of Portland, Dodge County, Wisconsin. He was a Democrat. Geise was born on January 26, 1820.


Sunyer I, Count of Empúries

Sunyer I was count of Empúries and Roussillon (with the pagus of Perelada) from 834 to 841.

He was the son of Count Belló I of Carcassonne.

Sunyer I was deposed in 841 due to a new policy of the Frankish Emperor, he died in 848. His eldest son, Sunyer II, was later a count of Empúries and Roussillon (with Perelada) and another son, Delà, was an associate count of his brother.


Lipsett (disambiguation)

Lipsett may refer to:

 Lipsett, Irish surname, and people with that surname
 Lipsett Hardware Building, Pickford, Michigan, United States
 Lipsett Diaries (French: Les journaux de Lipsett), 2010 documentary


Verkhneulu-Yelga

Verkhneulu-Yelga () is a rural locality (a selo) in Yermekeyevsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 182 as of 2010. There is 1 street.


The Spiral Staircase (2000 film)

The Spiral Staircase is a 2000 television film remake of the 1946 film The Spiral Staircase based on Ethel Lina White's novel Some Must Watch. The film was directed by James Head with a screenplay by Matt Dorff, and stars Nicollette Sheridan, Judd Nelson, Alex McArthur, Debbe Dunning and Holland Taylor.

Background
The Ethel Lina White novel Some Must Watch was first offered on film in 1946 as The Spiral Staircase. This same title was used for a 1962 television adaptation, 1975 British TV-movie remake, and the 2000 made-for-cable feature.  The 2000 version updated the original story to re-set from the early 20th century to present day.  Filmed on locations in Vancouver and Victoria, Canada, the 2000 version was made for Fox Family network (now Freeform), as a remake of three previous films, still based on Ethel Lina White's novel, and using the same title as the previous films of 1946, 1962, and 1975.

Synopsis

The film centers around Helen Capel (Nicollette Sheridan), a pathologically mute woman who is being stalked by a vicious killer.  Mute since the death of her parents when she was a child, Helen accepts a nursing position on a secluded island in the household of wealthy matriarch Emma Warren (Holland Taylor).  Helen learns that a serial killer is picking off "imperfect" young girls around town, and she fears she is next. A terrible storm hits the island one night and the family and Helen are trapped inside... and they're not alone; the killer is with them in the shadows.

Cast
 Nicollette Sheridan as Helen Capel
 Judd Nelson as Phillip Warren
 Debbe Dunning as Danielle
 Holland Taylor as Emma Warren
 Christina Jastrzembska as Rachel Parsons
 William McDonald as Sheriff Bell
 John Innes as Dr. Porter
 Margaret Ryan as Mrs. Pritzker
 Kandyse McClure as Monica
 Charles Payne as Medical Examiner
 A.J. Cook as Local Girl
 Kristina Matisic as Newscaster
 Alex McArthur as Steven Warren
 Dolores Drake as Sarah
 David Storch as Bobby Tyler
 Lillian Carlson as Mrs. Winfield
 Brenda Campbell as Elise
 Dallas Thompson as Linda
 Katrina Matthews as Cocktail Waitress

Release
The film debuted in April 2000 in the United States, followed by releases in the United Kingdom in May 2000, as Le secret du manoir in France in 2001, Czech Republic in 2003, as Stummer Schrei - Und keiner kann dir helfen in Germany in 2004, Hungary in 2005 and Sweden in 2007.

Reception
In noting that the original 1946 film was "a stellar thriller", Steven Linan of Los Angeles Times found the 2000 remake to be an "inferior remake".


Santo Domingo Ozolotepec

Santo Domingo Ozolotepec is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of  km².
It is part of the Miahuatlán District in the south of the Sierra Sur Region.

As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of .


Sayan Roy

Sayan Roy (born 10 September 1991) is an Indian footballer who played as a goalkeeper for TRAU in the I-League.

Career

Pailan Arrows
During the summer of 2011 Roy signed for I-League developmental side Pailan Arrows for the 2011-12 season. On 12 February 2012 Roy made his debut for Pailan Arrows in the I-League against Dempo S.C. after number 1 keeper Naveen Kumar was sent off with a red card in the 34th minute. Pailan lost the match 0–2 with both goals occurring after Roy came in.

Career statistics

Club
Statistics accurate as of 11 May 2013

Apps = Appearances || C S = Clean Sheets


XDNA

xDNA (also known as expanded DNA or benzo-homologated DNA) is a size-expanded nucleotide system synthesized from the fusion of a benzene ring and one of the four natural bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. This size expansion produces an 8 letter alphabet which has a larger information density by a factor of 2n compared to natural DNA's (often referred to as B-DNA in literature) 4 letter alphabet. As with normal base-pairing, A pairs with xT, C pairs with xG, G pairs with xC, and T pairs with xA. The double helix is thus 2.4Å wider than a natural double helix. While similar in structure to B-DNA, xDNA has unique absorption, fluorescence, and stacking properties.

Initially synthesized as an enzyme probe by Nelson J. Leonard's group, benzo-homologated adenine was the first base synthesized. Later, Eric T. Kool's group finished synthesizing the remaining three expanded bases, eventually followed by yDNA ("wide" DNA), another benzo-homologated nucleotide system, and naphtho-homologated xxDNA and yyDNA. xDNA is more stable when compared to regular DNA when subjected to higher temperature, and while entire strands of xDNA, yDNA, xxDNA and yyDNA exist, they are currently difficult to synthesize and maintain. Experiments with xDNA provide new insight into the behavior of natural B-DNA. The extended bases xA, xC, xG, and xT are naturally fluorescent, and single strands composed of only extended bases can recognize and bind to single strands of natural DNA, making them useful tools for studying biological systems. xDNA is most commonly formed with base pairs between a natural and expanded nucleobase, however x-nucleobases can also be paired together. Current research supports xDNA as a viable genetic encoding system in the near future.

Origins
The first nucleotide to be expanded was the purine adenine. Nelson J. Leonard and colleagues synthesized this original x-nucleotide, which was referred to as "expanded adenine". xA was used as a probe in the investigation of active sites of ATP-dependent enzymes, more specifically what modifications the substrate could take while still being functional. Almost two decades later, the other three bases were successfully expanded and later integrated into a double helix by Eric T. Kool and colleagues. Their goal was to create a synthetic genetic system which mimics and surpasses the functions of the natural genetic system, and to broaden the applications of DNA both in living cells and in experimental biochemistry. Once the expanded base set was created, the goal shifted to identifying or developing faithful replication enzymes and further optimizing the expanded DNA alphabet.

Synthesis
In benzo-homologated purines (xA and xG), the benzene ring is bound to the nitrogenous base through nitrogen-carbon (N-C) bonds. Benzo-homologated pyrimidines are formed through carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds between the base and the benzene. Thus far, x-nucleobases have been added to strands of DNA using phosphoramidite derivatives, as traditional polymerases have been unsuccessful in synthesizing strands of xDNA. X-nucleotides are poor candidates as substrates for B-DNA polymerases as their size interferes with binding at the catalytic domain. Attempts at using template-independent enzymes have been successful as they have a reduced geometric constraint for substrates. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) has been used previously to synthesize strands of bases which have been bound to fluorophores. Using TdT, up to 30 monomers can be combined to form a double-helix of xDNA, however this oligomeric xDNA appears to inhibit its own extension beyond this length due to the overwhelming hydrogen bonding. In order to minimize inhibition, xDNA can be hybridized into a regular helix.

Replication
For xDNA to be used as a substitute structure for information storage, it requires a reliable replication mechanism. Research into xDNA replication using a Klenow fragment from DNA Polymerase I shows that a natural base partner is selectively added in instances of single-nucleotide insertion. However, DNA Polymerase IV (Dpo4) has been able to successfully use xDNA for these types of insertions with high fidelity, making it a promising candidate for future research in extending replicates of xDNA. xDNA's mismatch sensitivity is similar to that of B-DNA.

Structure

Similar to natural bases, x-nucleotides selectively assemble into a duplex-structure resembling B-DNA. xDNA was originally synthesized by incorporating a benzene ring into the nitrogenous base. However, other expanded bases have been able to incorporate thiophene and benzo[b]thiophene as well. xDNA and yDNA use benzene rings to widen the bases and are thus termed "benzo-homologated". Another form of expanded nucleobases known as yyDNA incorporate naphthalene into the base and are "naptho-homologated". xDNA has a rise of 3.2Å and a twist of 32°, significantly smaller than B-DNA, which has a rise of 3.3Å and a twist of 34.2° xDNA nucleotides can occur on both strands—either alone (known as "doubly expanded DNA") or mixed with natural bases—or exclusively on one strand or the other. Similar to B-DNA, xDNA can recognize and bind complementary single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences.

Duplexes formed from xDNA are similar to natural duplexes aside from the distance between the two sugar-phosphate backbones. xDNA helices have a greater number of base pairs per turn of the helix as a result of a reduced distance between neighbour nucleotides. NMR spectra report that xDNA helices are anti-parallel, right-handed and take an anti conformation around the glycosidic bond, with a C2'-endo sugar pucker. Helices created from xDNA are more likely to take a B-helix over an A-helix conformation, and have an increased major groove width by 6.5Å (where the backbones are farthest apart) and decreased minor groove width by 5.5Å (where the backbones are closest together) compared to B-DNA. Altering groove width affects the xDNA's ability to associate with DNA-binding proteins, but as long as the expanded nucleotides are exclusive to one strand, recognition sites are sufficiently similar to B-DNA to allow bonding of transcription factors and small polyamide molecules. Mixed helices present the possibility of recognizing the four expanded bases using other DNA-binding molecules.

Properties
Expanded nucleotides and their oligomeric helices share many properties with their natural B-DNA counterparts, including their pairing preference: A with T, C with G. The various differences in chemical properties between xDNA and B-DNA support the hypothesis that the benzene ring which expands x-nucleobases is not, in fact, chemically inert. xDNA is more hydrophobic than B-DNA, and also has a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap (distance between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) as a result of modified saturation. xDNA has higher melting temperatures than B-DNA (a mixed decamer of xA and T has a melting temperature of 55.6 °C, 34.3 °C higher than the same decamer of A and T), and exhibits an "all-or-nothing" melting behaviour.

Conformation
Under lab conditions, xDNA orients itself in the syn conformation. This unfortunately does not expose the binding face of the xDNA nucleotides to face the neighbouring strand for binding, meaning that extra measures must be applied to alter the conformation of xDNA before attempting to form helices. However, the anti and syn orientations are practically identical energetically in expanded bases. This conformational preference is seen primarily in pyrimidines, and purines display minimal preference for orientation.

Enhanced stacking
Stacking of the nucleotides in a double helix is a major determinant of the helix's stability. With the added surface area and hydrogen available for bonding, stacking potential for the nucleobases increases with the addition of a benzene spacer. By increasing the separation between the nitrogenous bases and either sugar-phosphate backbone, the helix's stacking energy is less variable and therefore more stable. The energies for natural nucleobase pairs vary from 18 to 52 kJ/mol. This variance is only 14-40 kJ/mol for xDNA.

Due to an increased overlap between and expanded strand of DNA and its neighbouring strand, there are greater interstrand interactions in expanded and mixed helices, resulting in a significant increase in the helix's stability. xDNA has enhanced stacking abilities resultant from changes in inter- and intrastrand hydrogen bonding that arise from the addition of a benzene spacer, but expanding the bases does not alter hydrogen's contribution to the stability of the duplex. These stacking abilities are exploited by helices consisting of both xDNA and B-DNA in order to optimize the strength of the helix. Increased stacking is seen most prominently in strands consisting only of A and xA and T and xT, as T-xA has stronger stacking interactions than T-A.

The energy resultant from pyrimidines ranges from 30-49 kJ/mol. The range for purines is between 40-58kJ/mol. By replacing one nucleotide in a double-helix with an expanded nucleotide, the strength of the stacking interactions increases by 50%. Expanding both nucleotides results in a 90% increase in stacking strength. While xG has an overall negative effect on the binding strength of the helix, the other three expanded bases outweigh this with their positive effects. The change in energy caused by expanding the bases is mostly dependent on the rotation of the bond about the nucleobases' centers of mass, and center of mass stacking interactions improve the stacking potential of the helix. Because the size-expanded bases widen the helix, it is more thermally stable with a higher melting temperature.

Absorption
The addition of a benzene spacer in x-nucleobases affects the bases' optical absorption spectra. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) applied to xDNA revealed that the benzene component of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) in the x-bases pins the absorption onset at an earlier point than natural bases. Another unusual feature of xDNA absorption spectra is the red-shifted excimers of xA in the low range. In terms of stacking fingerprints, there is a more pronounced hypochromicity seen in consecutive xA-T base pairs.

Implications of xDNA's altered absorption include applications in nanoelectronic technology and nanobiotechnology. The reduced spacing between x-nucleotides makes the helix stiffer, thus it is not as easily affected by substrate, electrode, and functional nanoparticle forces. Other alterations to natural nucleotides resulting in different absorption spectra will broaden these applications in the future.

Fluorescence
One unique property of xDNA is its inherent fluorescence. Natural bases can be bound directly to fluorophores for use in microarrays, in situ hibridization, and polymorphism analysis. However, these fluorescent natural bases often fail as a result of self-quenching, which diminishes their fluorescent intensity and reduces their applicability as visual DNA tags. The pi interactions between the rings in x-nucleobases result in an inherent fluorescence in the violet-blue range, with a Stokes shift between 50-80 nm. They also have a quantum yield in the range of 0.3-0.6. xC has the greatest fluorescent emission.

Other expanded bases
After the creation of and successful research surrounding xDNA, more forms of expanded nucleotides were investigated. yDNA is a second, similar system of nucleotides which uses a benzene ring to expand the four natural bases. xxDNA and yyDNA use naphthalene, a polycyclic molecule consisting of two hydrocarbon rings. The two rings expand the base even wider, further altering its chemical properties.

yDNA

The success and implications of xDNA prompted research to examine other factors which could alter B-DNA's chemical properties and create a new system for information storage with broader applications. yDNA also uses a benzene ring, similar to xDNA, with the only difference being the site of addition of the aromatic ring. The location of the benzene ring changes the preferred structure of the expanded helix. The altered conformation makes yDNA more similar to B-DNA in its orientation by changing the interstrand hydrogen bonds. Stability is highly dependent on the bases' rotation about the link between the base and the sugar of the backbone. yDNA's altered preference for this orientation makes it more stable overall than xDNA. The location of the benzene spacer also affects the bases' groove geometry, altering neighbour interactions. The base pairs between y-nucleotides and natural nucleotides is planar, rather than slightly twisted as with xDNA. This decreases the rise of the helix even further than achieved by xDNA.

While xDNA and yDNA are quite similar in most properties, including their increased stacking interactions, yDNA shows superior mismatch recognition. y-pyrimidines display slightly stronger stacking interactions than x-pyrimidines as a result of the distance between the two anomeric carbons, which is slightly larger in yDNA. xDNA still has stronger stacking interactions in model helices, but adding either x- or y-pyrimidines to a natural double helix strengthens the intra- and interstrand interactions, increasing overall helix stability. In the end, which of the two has the strongest overall stacking interactions is dependent on the sequence; xT and yT bind A with similar strength, but the stacking energy of yC bound to G is stronger than xC by 4kJ/mol. yDNA and other expanded bases are part of a very young field which is highly understudied. Research suggest that the ideal conformation still remains to be discovered, but knowing that the benzene location affects the orientation and structure of expanded nucleobases adds information to their future design.

yyDNA and xxDNA

Doubly-expanded (or naphtho-homologated) nucleobases incorporate a naphthalene spacer instead of a benzene ring, widening the base twice as much with its two-ringed structure. These structures (known as xxDNA and yyDNA) are 4.8Å wider than natural bases and were once again created as a result of Leonard's research on expanded adenine in ATP-dependent enzymes in 1984. No literature was published on these doubly-expanded bases for nearly three decades until 2013 when the first xxG was produced by Sharma, Lait, and Wetmore and incorporated along with xxA into a natural helix. Although very little research has been performed on xxDNA, xx-purine neighbours have already been shown to increase intrastrand stacking energy by up to 119% (as opposed to 62% in x-purines). xx-purine and pyrimidine interactions show an overall decrease in stacking energies, but the overall stability of duplexes including pyrimidines and xx-purines increases by 22%, more than twofold that of pyrimidines and x-purines.

Uses
xDNA has many applications in chemical and biological research, including expanding upon applications of natural DNA, such as scaffolding. In order to create self-assembling nanostructures, a scaffold is needed as a sort of trellis to support the growth. DNA has been used as a means to this end in the past, but expanded scaffolds make larger scaffolds for more complex self-assembly an option. xDNA's electrical conduction properties also make it a prime candidate as a molecular wire, as its π-π interactions help it efficiently conduct electricity. Its 8-letter alphabet (A, T, C, G, xA, xT, xC, xG) gives it the potential to store 2n times increase in storage density, where n represents the number of letters in a sequence. For example, combining 6 nucleotides of with B-DNA yields 4096 possible sequences, whereas a combination of the same number of nucleotides created with xDNA yields 262,144 possible sequences. Additionally, xDNA can be used as a fluorescent probe at enzyme active sites, as was its original application by Leonard et al.

xDNA has also been applied to the study of protein-DNA interactions. Due to xDNA's natural fluorescing properties, it can easily be visualized in both lab and living conditions. xDNA is becoming more easy to create and oligomerize, and its high-affinity binding to complementary DNA and RNA sequences means that it can not only help locate these sequences floating around in the cell, but also when they are already interacting with other structures within the cell. xDNA also has potential applications in assays that employ TdT as it may improve reporters, and can be used as an affinity tag for interstrand bonding.


Tchefuncte River

The Tchefuncte River ( ) drains into Lake Pontchartrain in Louisiana in the United States.  It is about  long.

Tchefuncte culture
The area around the river was inhabited by the hunter-gatherer Tchefuncte culture dating back to 500 BCE   The name Tchefuncte is believed to derive from the word Hachofakti which is the Choctaw word for the  American chinquapin which was used by  Native Americans to relieve headaches and fevers.  The Native Americans gathered fresh-water clams, fish and crawfish and built shell middens on the river.

Tchefuncte shipyard
During the War of 1812 the Secretary of the Navy  William Jones ordered Captain John Shaw to supervise the construction of a shallow-draft Blockship armed with 32 heavy cannons at the shipyard in Madisonville, Louisiana.  On December 16, 1814 Major General Andrew Jackson wrote a letter to the Secretary of War John Armstrong Jr. demanding that the ship be completed. When the Battle of New Orleans began the vessel was still moored at the Madisonville Naval shipyard unfinished.

Lighthouse
In 1837, the Tchefuncte River Range Lights was built to guide vessels across Lake Pontchartrain to the mouth of the Tchefuncte River. The lighting apparatus was supplied by Winslow Lewis and consisted of nine lamps with several fourteen-inch reflectors. The lighthouse was damaged sometime during the Civil War and was repaired in 1867. The U.S. Coast Guard later took control over the lighthouse in 1939 and used an electrical automation system to power the lighthouse. Then in 1999 the local town of Madisonville, Louisiana assumed ownership and the Institute of Museum and Library Services issued a grant for restoring the historical property. The lighthouse survived the Hurricane Katrina and Rita and continues to be an important historical location.

Course
The Tchefuncte rises in northeastern Tangipahoa Parish and initially flows southward; the river is used to define part of the eastern boundary of Tangipahoa Parish and parts of the western boundaries of Washington and St. Tammany Parishes before turning southeastward into St. Tammany Parish, where it passes the city of Covington and the town of Madisonville.  It collects its largest tributary, the Bogue Falaya, at Covington and flows into Lake Pontchartrain about  south of Madisonville, near the lake's northern extremity.

The Tchefuncte has been designated by the government of Louisiana as a "Natural and Scenic River."  Fairview-Riverside State Park is located along the river, upstream of Madisonville.

Today
In the 19th century it was an important commercial waterway, where building materials and other products of the North Shore of Lake Pontchartrain were loaded to be shipped across the Lake to New Orleans.


Dichilanthe

Dichilanthe is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in Borneo and Sri Lanka.

Species

 Dichilanthe borneensis Baill. - west-central Borneo
 Dichilanthe zeylanica Thwaites - southwestern Sri Lanka


Pacific golden plover

The Pacific golden plover (Pluvialis fulva) is a medium-sized plover. The genus name is Latin and means relating to rain, from pluvia, "rain". It was believed that golden plovers flocked when rain was imminent. The species name fulva is Latin and refers to a tawny colour.

The 23–26 cm long breeding adult is spotted gold and black on the crown, and back on the wings. Its face and neck are black with a white border, and it has a black breast and a dark rump. The legs are black. In winter, the black is lost and the plover then has a yellowish face and breast, and white underparts.

It is similar to two other golden plovers: the Eurasian and American plovers. The Pacific golden plover is smaller, slimmer and relatively longer-legged than the European golden plover, Pluvialis apricaria, which also has white axillary (armpit) feathers. Overall, the Pacific golden plover is found to be more similar to the American golden plover, Pluvialis dominica, with which it was once considered conspecific as "lesser golden plover". The Pacific golden plover is slimmer than the American species, has a shorter primary projection, longer legs, and is usually found to have more yellow on the back.

This wader forages for food on tundra, fields, beaches and tidal flats, usually by sight. It eats insects and crustaceans and some berries.

The breeding habitat of Pacific golden plover is the Arctic tundra from northernmost Asia into western Alaska. It nests on the ground in a dry open area.

It is migratory and winters in south Asia and Australasia. A few winter in California and Hawaii, USA.  In Hawaii, the bird is known as the kōlea, and in New Zealand it is known to Māori as kuriri. It is very rare vagrant to western Europe. They return to the same wintering territory each year, which allowed scientists in Hawaii to attach tiny light level geolocator devices to the birds and then retrieve them the following year in the same location. This research revealed that these birds make the 4800 km non-stop flight between Alaska and Hawaii in 3–4 days.


Manel

Manel is an indie pop band from Barcelona who sing in Catalan. They released their first album in 2008. They describe their musical style as a synthesis of pop and folk music. Critics have linked their style to that of other Catalan-speaking musicians such as Pau Riba, Jaume Sisa, and Antònia Font.

History

The members of Manel met while attending Costa i Llobera school in Barcelona. They first came to public attention as finalists in the 2007 Sona9 music competition, in which they were awarded the Premi Joventut. With the prize money they were able to cover the production costs of their debut album,

Els millors professors europeus
Els millors professors europeus (The Best European Professors), whose title alludes to a lyric of the song Pla quinquennal. The album, recorded at Estudis Nòmada 57 between June and October 2007 and produced by Discmedi, was released the following year to critical acclaim.

The Catalan magazine Enderrock pronounced it the best pop-rock album of the year. In its issue of January 2009, Rockdelux described it as the third best Spanish album of the previous year, while the magazine MondoSonoro rated it the seventh-best.

The video for Dona estrangera, directed by Sergi Pérez Mañas, was awarded the prize for best video at the 2008 Cinemad festival.

Apart from the songs featured on Els millors professors europeus, the group's repertoire includes cover versions of No t'enyoro by Els Pets, La Tortura by Shakira, and Common People by Pulp.

It wasn't long until Manel became a sociocultural phenomenon in the Catalan-speaking world,  giving rise to a considerable number of new Catalan-speaking pop groups, among whom, distinguished by the sales numbers they have achieved, are Els amics de les arts.

Els millors professors europeus went gold, selling more than 30 000 copies.

10 milles per veure una bona armadura
Their second album, from which two songs (Aniversari and Boomerang) were released in February 2011, went on sale on 15 March 2011 titled 10 milles per veure una bona armadura. In ten days, it became the best-selling album in Spain.
The title comes from a phrase pronounced by Kenneth Branagh in Much Ado about Nothing. In its first week, it sold more than 10,000 copies and reached number 1 on the CD sales chart in Spain, something which hadn't happened with a Catalan disc in more than 15 years. This second album was also released on vinyl.

Atletes, baixin de l'escenari
Atletes, baixin de l'escenari (in English, Athletes, get off the stage) is the third studio album by the Spanish group Manel, published by and distributed by Warner Music in CD, vinyl and digitally. The album was released on 16 April 2013. In its first week, the album reached number one on Promusicae billboards in Spain selling more than 10,000 copies.

Jo competeixo
On March 1, 2016, Manel announced through a press release the release of a fourth studio album, entitled Jo competeixo, which was released on the 8th of April and consisted of eleven songs, recorded between November and December 2015.

Per la bona gent
On September 12, 2019, Manel announced the publication of their fifth studio album, entitled Per la bona gent, which was released on October 4 and consisted of twelve songs. This work included collaborations with artists such as Jaume Sisa and María del Mar Bonet.

Members
 Arnau Vallvé: Vocals, percussion,  and MIDI
 Martí Maymó: Vocals, bass guitar, contrabass, clarinet and sweet flute
 Roger Padilla: Vocals, guitar, banjo, melodica, mandola, ukulele and MIDI
 Guillem Gisbert: Main vocals, ukulele and guitar

Discography
 Els millors professors europeus (2008)

 10 milles per veure una bona armadura (2011)

 Atletes, baixin de l'escenari (2013)

 Jo competeixo (2016)

 Per la bona gent (2019)


Das Millionenspiel

("The Game of Millions"; sometimes translated as "Chance for a Million") is a German action/sci-fi television film of 1970, directed by Tom Toelle  and starring Jörg Pleva, Suzanne Roquette and Dieter Thomas Heck. It was aired on 18 October 1970 by the ARD. Wolfgang Menge wrote the screenplay, adapting the short story "The Prize of Peril" by the American writer Robert Sheckley. Wolfgang Menge and Tom Toelle received the 1971 Prix Italia for best television movie.

Plot
Das Millionenspiel ("The Game of Millions") is a successful TV show from the private station TETV. To win the grand prize of one million German marks, a candidate has to survive seven days on the run while being hunted by the Köhler gang. Of the first 14 candidates, 8 were killed during the course of the game.

Bernhard Lotz from Leverkusen is the show's 15th candidate. After almost a week without sleep and little food, he is full of agony and on the verge of physical collapse; Lotz could drop out, but there is the prospect of the grand prize of one million marks, and he knows the fate of one of his predecessors: when he forfeited the game, he was so derided as a coward that he eventually committed suicide.

The whole country watches the manhunt on TV, some fascinated, some disgusted. Lotz tries hiding, but he is always recognized. Some want to deliver him to the Köhler gang, but some help him. Throughout the game, the Köhler gang is always hot on his heels.

The action is interspersed with scenes from the studio, where the jovial Thilo Uhlenhorst moderates and shows documentation of Lotz's life. Reporters deliver latest developments, interrupted by sexualized commercials by the (fictional) "Stabil-Elite Group". Behind the scenes, game-makers manipulate the game by helping or harming Lotz.

In the grand finale, Lotz has to pass through the "death spiral" – a 28.40-meter-long tube of bulletproof glass with three openings through which the Köhler gang can shoot him. Lotz, who is on the verge of collapse and had been treated by doctors shortly before, is slightly wounded but reaches the goal and receives the million. But  according to a doctor he is in a serious state of shock, and is taken from the studio to a hospital on a stretcher. Moderator Uhlenhorst declares the 15th edition of the game over and announces the next episode three weeks later.

Cast
 Jörg Pleva: Bernhard Lotz
 Dieter Thomas Heck: Thilo Uhlenhorst
 Dieter Hallervorden: Köhler
 Josef Fröhlich: Witte
 Theo Fink: Hensel
 Friedrich Schütter: Moulian
 Peter Schulze-Rohr: Ziegler
 Annemarie Schradiek: Mother Lotz
 Elisabeth Wiedemann: Mrs. Steinfurth
 Joachim Richert: waiter
 Heribert Faßbender: reporter
 Arnim Basche: reporter
 Gisela Marx: reporter
 Andrea Grosske: Mrs. Grote
 Suzanne Roquette: Claudia von Hohenheim
 Ralf Gregan: paramedic

Background

Intentionally "exaggerat[ing] the contemporary situation [in television] and project[ing] it into the future in order to illuminate the present", as Günter Rohrbach, then head of TV programming at WDR, said at the time, the film anticipated developments in the media, such as commercial television (which did not exist in Germany at the time), the drive for ratings, reality shows, the Big Brother effect, and constant interruptions by highly sexualized advertisements. It culminates in the moderation of Thilo Uhlenhorst (played by the popular ZDF show host Dieter Thomas Heck) and his "reporters" (also represented by well-known television and sports reporters) who cover the manhunt like a sports event.

Menge achieved authenticity by trimmed exterior shots and cleverly interspersed "documentaries". Lotz is shown evading pursuit by dangerous and dramatic means such as jumping out of windows. When the film premiered on 18 October 1970 on ARD, some viewers thought they were watching a real manhunt. After the film ended, thousands of angry telephone calls, letters, and telegrams were received; some people even called the fictitious telephone number of the station and asked to register in the role of the hunted or a hunter. One woman wrote to put forward her husband's name to be hunted because the family needed the money.

Rebroadcasts and DVD release

The producers made a mistake in securing the film rights: WDR had acquired the right to film from Goldmann Verlag, publishers of the book Das geteilte Ich containing "Der Tod spielt mit", the German translation of Robert Sheckley's short story on which the film was based, but Goldmann did not own those rights, only the rights for the book. The film's producer, Joseph Cates, who held the rights, prohibited further broadcasts and this was affirmed by the State Superior Court in Frankfurt on 3 May 1977. Consequently, the film disappeared from television for more than 30 years after two broadcasts.

In 2002, the WDR acquired the rights from the current holder, StudioCanal, and aired the film on 8 July 2002. It was shown again on 6 April 2006 by the WDR after the death of director Tom Toelle, on 24 November 2007 by the Bayerischer Rundfunk, on 11 April 2009 again by the WDR, and on 17 April 2010 to celebrate the sixtieth anniversary of the ARD.

Once the legal issues were resolved, the film was released on DVD in April 2009, together with Menge's 1973 teleplay Smog, including interviews and documentaries with and about Wolfgang Menge and an audio commentary by leading actor Jörg Pleva.

Other
The film was rated FSK 12. In 1982, the same story was adapted in France under the title Le prix du danger ("The prize of danger"). In the same year, a novel by Stephen King, published in the U.S., told a similar story; the 1987 film The Running Man with Arnold Schwarzenegger is loosely based on this novel.

The fictitious television show, including musical interludes, and the final sequence of the manhunt in the glass tunnel were filmed in the Gartlage hall in Osnabrück, a building normally used for livestock auctions. The comedian Dieter Hallervorden, who played the leader of the Köhler gang, was then still at the beginning of his acting career; he became known by the mid-1970s for the slapstick series Nonstop Nonsense.

Awards
Wolfgang Menge and Tom Toelle were awarded the 1971 Prix Italia for the best original dramatic program.


The Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences or Kungliga Ingenjörsvetenskapsakademien (IVA), founded on 24 October 1919 by King Gustaf V, is one of the royal academies in Sweden. The academy is an independent organisation, which promotes contact and exchange between business, research, and government, in Sweden and internationally. It is the world's oldest academy of engineering sciences.(OECD Reviews of Innovation Policy: Sweden 2012).

The academy awards several prizes: Large Gold Medal (since 1924), Gold Medal (since 1921), Brinell medal (Brinellmedaljen, since 1936, and named after Johan August Brinell), Gold Plaque (since 1951), Honorary Sign (since 1919), Axel F. Enstrom Medal (1959–1981), amongst others.

Presidents
The following people have been presidents of IVA since its foundation in 1919:
1919-1940: Axel F. Enström
1941-1959: Edy Velander
1960-1970: Sven Brohult
1971-1982: Gunnar Hambraeus
1982-1994: Hans G. Forsberg
1995-2000: Kurt Östlund
1999-2001: (temporary) Enrico Deiaco
2001-2008: Lena Treschow Torell
2008-: Björn O. Nilsson

Academy member
Each year, outstanding scientists and engineers are elected into membership of IVA. Currently, the academy has 1000 Swedish and 300 foreign members.. Foreign members are non-resident and non-citizen of Sweden. All new members are nominated by existing members.

Focus areas
The academy focuses on twelve  areas of engineering sciences:

 Mechanical Engineering
 Electrical Engineering
 Building and Construction
 Chemical Engineering
 Mining and Materials
 Management
 Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences
 Forest Technology
 Economics
 Biotechnology
 Education and Research Policy
 Information Technology

Each focus area is addressed by a committee with a representative chair.


Race: The Power of an Illusion

Race: The Power of an Illusion is a three-part documentary series produced by California Newsreel that investigates the idea of race in society, science and history. The educational documentary originally screened on American public television and was primarily funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the Ford Foundation and PBS.

Series overview
The division of people into distinct categories—"white", "black", "yellow", "red"—has become so widely accepted and so deeply rooted that most people do not think to question its veracity.  This three-hour documentary challenges the idea of race as biology and traces our current notions to the 19th century. It also demonstrates how race nevertheless has a continuing impact through institutions and social policies.

Chapters
Chapter One - The Difference Between Us
Examines the contemporary science - including genetics - that challenges our common-sense assumptions that human beings can be bundled into three or four fundamentally different groups according to their physical traits.
Chapter Two - The Story We Tell
Uncovers the roots of the race concept in North America, the 19th-century science that legitimated it, and how it came to be held so fiercely in the Western imagination. The episode is an eye-opening tale of how race served to rationalize, even justify, American social inequalities as "natural."
Chapter Three - The House We Live In
Asks, if race is not biology, what is it? This episode uncovers how race resides not in nature but in politics, economics and culture. It reveals how our social institutions "make" race by disproportionately channeling resources, power, status and wealth to white people.


Orstomisis

Orstomisis is a genus of deep-sea bamboo coral in the family Isididae. It is monotypic with a single species, Orstomisis crosnieri.


Serbian Weightlifting Federation

Weightlifting has been part of the Olympic Games program since 1896.

In the sport of weightlifting two lifts are recognised which must be executed in the following sequence:
 the snatch
 the clean and jerk

In the sport of weightlifting, competitions are organised for men and women. The athletes compete in specified bodyweight categories (eight men's and seven women's ) and age groups (Youth: age 13–17 years of age; Junior: 15–20; Senior: over 15 years of age; Masters: over 35).

History
The Heavy Athletics Federation of Serbia was founded on June 18, 1950, in Belgrade. Its name soon changed to the Serbian Weightlifting Federation.

Serbian Weightlifting Federation continues the tradition of Heavy Athletics Federation of Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav Weightlifting Federation, and the Weightlifting Federation of Serbia and Montenegro, into the International Weightlifting Federation.

Membership
Serbian Weightlifting Federation is a member of:

International Weightlifting Federation
European Weightlifting Federation
Euro-Asian Regional Association for weightlifting
Mediterranean Weightlifting Confederation
Olympic Committee of Serbia
Sports Association of Serbia


The Lord of the Rings (soundtrack)

The J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings OST is the soundtrack to Ralph Bakshi's animated film adaptation of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, featuring music composed by Leonard Rosenman. It was issued as a double-LP in 1978. In 2001, the album was reissued on CD, with bonus tracks. The album reached #33 in the Canadian RPM Magazine album charts, February 24, 1979.

Track listing

Original vinyl edition
Side 1:
Theme from "Lord of the Rings" (02:53)
History of the Ring (06:32)
The Journey begins / Encounter with the Ringwraiths (04:33)
Riders of Rohan (03:45)

Side 2:
Escape to Rivendell (06:22)
Mines of Moria (06:11)
The Battle in the Mines / The Balrog (05:11)

Side 3:
Mithrandir (03:20)
Gandalf remembers (02:22)
Frodo disappears (02:38)
Following the Orcs (03:16)
Attack of the Orcs (04:04)

Side 4:
Helm's Deep (07:02)
The Dawn Battle / Theoden's Victory (04:59)
The Voyage to Mordor / Theme from the "Lord of the Rings" (04:45)

CD reissue
History Of The Ring
Gandalf Throws Ring
The Journey Begins; Encounter With The Ringwraiths
Trying To Kill Hobbits
Escape To Rivendell
Company Of The Ring
Mines Of Moria
The Battle In The Mines; The Balrog
Mithrandir
Frodo Disappears
Following The Orcs
Fleeing Orcs
Attack Of The Orcs
Gandalf Remembers
Riders Of Rohan
Helm's Deep
The Dawn Battle; Theoden's Victory
The Voyage To Mordor; Theme From The Lord Of The Rings


Guus van Ditzhuyzen

Guus van Ditzhuyzen (12 January 1909 – 17 June 1996) was a Dutch rower. He competed in the men's eight event at the 1928 Summer Olympics.


Scott Gurney

Scott Gurney (born 1972) is an American executive producer, writer, director, actor, model, and entrepreneur who has created several television series documentaries and unscripted/reality TV programming, including the highly rated Duck Dynasty, Auction Hunters, Haunted Collector, Feeding Frenzy, Leah Remini: It's All Relative and American Guns.  Gurney is also well known for producing several Shark Week specials for Discovery Channel including Killer Sharks: The Attacks of Black December, How Sharks Hunt, Shark City, Shark Attack Survival Guide, and Great White Appetite.

Scott was a competitive athlete who won the NCAA Men's Soccer National Championship while in college around 2000. He began modeling for catalog retailer International Male in San Diego, and then went to Los Angeles and modeled for Calvin Klein and Polo Sport. In Los Angeles, he began taking acting classes and auditioning.

In 2001, he landed a role in The Fluffer and was praised for his performance by the New York Times. He has appeared on the television shows 7th Heaven, Baywatch, Cybill, Step By Step, Push , Married... with Children',' 90210, Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Saved by the Bell. He has also appeared in several NBC movies of the week and was the host of the reality television series Hotlines''.

He started a production company, Gurney Productions, Inc. with his wife Deirdre, a former lawyer.

Gurney Productions has produced over 60 television shows to date. The companies programs have appeared on over a dozen different networks since 2004.

Scott and Deirdre Gurney the founders of Gurney Productions were given an undisclosed but large settlement after a two year legal battle with ITV. ITV, as an integrated producer broadcaster (IPB), creates, owns and distributes high-quality content on multiple platforms globally. ITV is based in London, England.

Selected filmography as an actor


Frank, West Virginia

Frank is a  census-designated place (CDP) in Pocahontas County, West Virginia, United States.  The population was 90 at the 2010 census. It was named to honor Frank Hoffman in 1926. Hoffman was the proprietor of a local tannery.