Kuruthykkalam

Kuruthykkalam is a 1969 Indian Malayalam film, directed by A. K. Sahadevan. The film stars Sathyan, Madhu, Sheela and Shobha in the lead roles. The film had musical score by Jaya Vijaya.

Cast

Sathyan
Madhu
Sheela
Shobha
Abbas
Ambili
Bahadoor
Kottayam Chellappan
Nithya
K. S. Parvathy
S. P. Pillai

Soundtrack
The music was composed by Jaya Vijaya and the lyrics were written by P. Bhaskaran.


Aydar Akhatov

Aydar Gabdulkhaevich Akhatov (Russian: Айдар Габдулхаевич Ахатов; Tatar: Айдар Габделхәй улы Əхәтов; born 20 June 1957) is a Russian state, political and public figure, journalist, scientist-economist, ecologist, lawyer, artist.

Biography
Aydar Akhatov is an international expert in the field of ecology and economic management methods of environmental protection. The chairman of the Commission of experts, a member of Presidium of the Higher Ecological Council at the State Duma of the Russian Federation (1997–2008). DSc in Economics (1998). The academician of the Russian Academy of the humanities. The academician of the International Academy of Ecology, Man and Nature Protection Sciences (the General Consultative state of Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations). The academician of the International Informatizational Academy of (the General Consultative state of Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) of the United Nations). Having three higher educations in the Russian Federation (economics, law, ecological-geographical), Aydar Akhatov graduated also UCLA. One of the founders and leaders of the ecological movement in Russia. The active participant and the organizer of various international conferences and symposiums for ecological problematics. The delegate of the First All-Russian Congress on Environmental Protection (the delegate from the Republic of Tatarstan), Moscow, 3–5 June 1995.

Aydar Akhatov developed the system of the economic mechanism of nature management and environmental protection in the conditions of transition to the market relations (1990). He based the first in the USSR / Russia off-budget state ecological fund with the rights of the legal person (1990), thereby having begun formation of the system of off-budget state funds on various segments at the country. The founder of the first in the USSR / Russia municipal sanitary-ecological police (1990), which became a prototype of the creation of the similar structures in many regions of the country, including Moscow. Aydar Akhatov is the author of the first Russian encyclopaedic dictionary  "Ecology" (1st edition 1994, 2nd edition 1995). For the first time he developed a technique of definition and withdrawal of rent payments. He is also the author of some federal and regional (Tatarstan) bills and comments on the legislation of the natural resources block.

Aydar Akhatov is the founder and first head of the state institution for the formation of the gold reserves of the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia), Deputy Minister of Finance (1998–1999).

Aydar Akhatov started to be engaged in active political activity since 1989 on "ecological" wave. In April 1990, working as the chief of ecological inspection of executive committee of the Naberezhnochelninsky City Council, despite the interdiction from the first persons of local party and Soviet authorities, Aydar Akhatov warned the city population through mass media about adverse ecological conditions in the city (availability of phenol in potable water as a result of failure on one of NPZ in Ufa). For unapproved performance on the city radio and automobile plant "KAMAZ" he was dismissed the chief of inspection, and then by the protest of the public prosecutor on the decision of the Executive Committee of the City Soviet of People's Deputies he was again restored. Akhatov A. G's given performance prevented a mass poisoning of the population of the city with substandard water. Subsequently, as the advocate of ecological publicity he was selected the People's Deputy, the chairman of the constant Commissions on publicity and ecology of Naberezhnochelninsky city council of People's Deputies, the People's Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the Tatar ASSR. In 1990 Aydar Akhatov received a title of the most popular regional politician "Mr. Time-'90". In 1990–1991, according to sociological interrogations of the population of Tatarstan, spent by sociological laboratory of Parliament of Tatarstan, he occupied second place in the rating of popularity among state and politicians of republic, having conceded first place only to the President of the Republic of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev.

Career milestones

1986–2000: he was on supervising work in the state structures of the power and management in the Republic of Tatarstan, including the Mayoralty (on a post of the chief ecologist of a city) and in the City council of People's Deputies of the city Naberezhnye Chelny (as the deputy, the chairman of the constant Commission, a member of Presidium of the City Council), in the republic Government on a post of the Head of Gohran, the Deputy Minister of the finance, in Parliament – the Supreme Soviet of XII convocation as the People's Deputy, the chairman of deputy group (1990–1995), in Parliament – the State Council of I convocation as the deputy, the head of parliamentary fraction (1995–2000).

In 1999 Aydar Akhatov was the candidate of State Duma of the Russian Federation of III convocation.

He lives and works in Moscow: 2000–2003 he was the deputy Director General of Open Society "Roslesprom" (in combination he was the vice-president of Association of workers of law enforcement and special services of the Russian Federation (ARPO of the Russian Federation); 2003–2004 he works in the system of the Ministry of property relations of the Russian Federation: the First deputy Director General, acting Director General of the FGUP "Efes", the First deputy the Head of the Territorial administration «Agency of federal property of Moscow»;  2004–2006 — the Chairman of board of directors of Group of the companies «National water resources", the Chairman of the board of directors of Company "Tatinvest", the Representative of the Government of the Russian Federation in the board of directors of Open Society"Electrostalsky factory of heavy mechanical engineering", Open Society "Electroprivod"; 2006–2009 – Chief executive NPO "Promecologia"; since 2009 – First Vice-President, President, the member of the board of directors of the company "CITY" (management company for the creation and development of the Moscow International Business Center).

Family
His father Gabdulkhay Huramovich Akhatov (8 September 1927 – 25 November 1986; Russia) was a Soviet Tatar linguist and an organizer of science (earning his first PhD in 1954) and then a second doctorate of Philology in 1965, Professor (1970), an eminent public figurer, a member of the Soviet Committee of turkologists, a founder of some schools of thought: Soviet Tatar dialectological school of thought of Turkic languages, the Kazan phraseological school of thought, the Kazan school of thought of phonetics of Turkic languages. Professor G.Kh. Akhatov brought fundamental contribution to the research of dialects and lexicological features of Turkic languages, mainly, Tatar, in formation and development of phraseological researches.  G.Akhatov was a founder of chairs of the Tatar language and the literature in a number of the state universities and teacher training colleges of the country in places of compact residing of the Tatar population, specialised councils about defence of doctor's and master's dissertations. G.Kh. Akhatov was the chairman of specialised councils about defence of doctor's and master's dissertations. He was an honours pupil of the higher school of the USSR. He was a member of the Higher Certifying commission of the USSR. G.Kh. Akhatov prepared more than 40 doctors and candidates of sciences, published about 200 proceedings. The head of a number of dialectological expeditions.
The grandfather – Deminov Abdrahman Sultanovich (1 January 1906, the Russian Empire, Nizhniy Novgorod – 14 February, Poland, Bydgoshchsky province, Tuholya) was a major industrial and Soviet worker, one of founding fathers of the glass industry in the USSR (maternally).
The mother – Roza Abdrahmanovna Akhatova (born on 11 July 1929, Tatarstan), a worker of education, teacher of Russian and literature with the 30-year experience, veteran of work; nowadays on pension, she lives in Kazan.

His children are minors.

Other facts

 Besides primary activity, interests and activity trends of Aydar Akhatov are many-sided: scientific and teaching activity (since 1997 he is professor in the state universities, he published more than 200 proceedings, including about 20 books in Russian, English, German, French, Japanese and Tatar language journalism, music (Aydar Akhatov plays many musical instruments, including a piano), the fine arts (painting); sports (mountain skiing, yoga, swimming, tennis, badminton, fitness).
 He is the President of the International Association of Fine Arts (since 2008). Mr. Akhatov is also the first deputy board of trustees of the theater "Moscow Ballet," a member of the International Confederation of Journalists, a member of the Union of Journalists of Russia, a member of the editorial board of several journals. He has awards.
 Aydar Akhatov is a prototype of the hero of story by Vahit Imamova "Armchair" (1992): ecologist – chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection Executive Committee Akhatov struggling with bureaucratic arbitrariness and lawlessness, in the interests of citizens (in the period of the events Aydar Akhatov worked as the chief ecologist of Naberezhnye Chelny).
 Influential Japanese newspaper Yomiuri Shimbun in 1989 called him a pioneer of the environmental movement in Russia.

Basic works
 Akhatov Aydar. Mineralization and Hardness of the Bashkiria River Water / / Proc. USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control "Hydrochemistry of the Urals". – Leningrad: "Gidrometeoizdat", 1985, No. 8.
 Akhatov Aydar. Water and Civilization / / "NL", 1986, No. 23.
 Akhatov Aydar. Perestroika and Environmental Protection in the USSR / / 'NL', 1988, No. 36.
 Akhatov Aydar. About Holding of Elective Classes in Geography / / J. USSR State Committee for Public Education "Geography at School", 1988, No. 4.
 Akhatov Aydar. Ecology and Publicity / / 'NL', 1988, No. 50.
 Akhatov Aydar. About the Transition to Economic Methods of Environmental Management / / Pr. 'Materials International (East-West) Conference on Environmental Technology.' Moscow, 1989.
 Akhatov Aydar. Environmental Safety / / 'NL', 1989, No. 4.
 Akhatov Aydar. Alternative of Environmental Shock  / / J. USSR Academy of Sciences 'ECO (Economy and Industrial Engineering).' – Novosibirsk: 'Science', 1990, No. 1 (187).
 Akhatov Aydar. AIDS and the Environment / / 'NL', 1990, No. 6.
 Akhatov Aydar. Goskompriroda Needs an Opponent / / 'N L', 1990, No. 35.
 Akhatov Aydar. Development and Implementation of the Economic Mechanism of Nature (Scientific Guidelines and the First Experience of the Implementation in the Tatar SSR). – Kazan: 'Kamsky Environment Fund', 1991.
 Akhatov Aydar. Development and Improvement of Economic Methods of Environmental Management in the Transition to Market Economy. – Moscow: "The Federal Environmental Fund of the Russian Federation", "Ecopolis", 1992.
 Akhatov Aydar. «ECOPOLICE – 2000» is the Programme of Creation of the Ecologically Clean Town «L, Eau dans la Ville», United National Organization, WHO, NANCIE, The International Water Centre, Paris, Nancy (France), 1994.
 Akhatov Aydar.  Ecology (New Collegiate Dictionary). 2nd ed. (With ext. And rev.). – Kazan: 'TKI' – 'Ecopolis', 1995.
 Akhatov Aydar. The Definition of the Differential Rent in Geological Exploration Production / / Proc. State Committee for Higher Education 'Managing of the Mineral Resources and the Environment.' – St. Petersburg: 'St. Petersburg Mining Institute named after G.V. Plekhanov.' 1995.
 Akhatov Aydar. Russia and Tatarstan: Ecological and Economic Sustain Ability Development Concept and Transborder Pollution Problem. – ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY'S DEVELOPMENT. – St. Petersburg: 1995.
 Akhatov Aydar. Ways Improvement of Economic Mechanism of Enforce Payment for Nature Environmental Pollution. – ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY'S DEVELOPMENT. – St. Petersburg:1995.
 Akhatov Aydar. Rent Relations and Rents in the Valuation of Mineral Resources. – Kazan, "TKI", 1995.
 Akhatov Aydar. Differential Rent and the Economic Evaluation of Mineral Resources (in the Transition to Market Economy). – Moscow: "AST-PRESS", 1996.
 Akhatov Aydar. Ecology and International Law. – Moscow: "AST-PRESS", 1996.
 Akhatov Aydar. Oil and Gas: the Resources and Prospects of Use / / Journal of the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan 'Tatarstan'. – Kazan: 'TKI', 1997, No. 1.
 Akhatov Aydar. Business Planning for Geological Enterprises. (Co – Ilinskiy A.A., Muslumov A.D.). – Moscow: 'Nedra', 1997.
 Akhatov Aydar. Oil Factor / / Journal of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan 'Science of Tatarstan'. – Kazan: 'TGZHI', 1997, No. 1.
 Akhatov Aydar. Model of Tatarstan: the Transition to Sustainable Development, Natural Resources Management and Regulation of Environmental Human Rights / / Pr.: Promoting International Humanitarian Law (the International Conference). – Kazan, 1997.
 Akhatov Aydar. Pesticides and Environment / / Journal of the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan 'Tatarstan'. – Kazan: 'TKI', 1997, No. 5.
 Akhatov Aydar. Oil and Gas Resources of Russia at the End of the Century. – Moscow: "Nedra", 1998.
 Akhatov Aydar.  Ecological-Economic Model of Tatarstan and the Transition to Sustainable Development. / / 'Ecology: The Security of the Nation.' – Kazan: 'Ecopolis', 1998.
 Akhatov Aydar. Economics of Nature in Tatarstan (The Concept of Environmental and Economic Commensuration). – Nab.Chelny: "Ecopolis", 1995.
 Akhatov Aydar. Natural Resources are the Basis for Development / / Journal of the Government of the Republic of Tatarstan 'Tatarstan'. – Kazan: "TKI", 1998, No. 11–12.
 Akhatov Aydar. Law of the Republic of Tatarstan "On Production and Consumption" (Itemized Official Comment.) (Head of the Author). – Kazan: "Ecopolis", 1998.
 Akhatov Aydar. Financial Intelligence: the Causes of the Establishment in Russia / / Sa. of Association of Law Enforcement of the Russian Federation 'Dirty Money Laundering' (Information and Analysis). – Moscow: The Main Information-analytical Center of the ARPO of the Russian Federation. 2002, vol. 3.
 Akhatov Aydar. Compulsory State Insurance of Environmental Risks in the Oil and Gas Sector in Russia. / / Journal of the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation "ETR". – Moscow, 2005, No. 6.
 Akhatov Aydar. Environmental Responsibility of Business and the Formation of Corporate Environmental Policy in the Oil and Gas Sector of Economy. / / "Drilling & Oil" – Moscow, 2006, No. 7–8.
 Akhatov Aydar. Environmental Insurance as a Basic Element of the Economic Mechanism of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources in the Context of Environmental Security: Problems of Environmental Regulation. / / Eurasian Law Journal. Moscow, No. 19, 2009, ISSN 2073-4506.

Сreativ (painting)
Aydar Akhatov paints pictures in different styles and genres (realism, Renaissance, surrealism, modernism, expressionism, cubism, pop art, etc.), using various techniques (oil painting, tempera, pastel, acrylic, drawing, watercolor, etc.).

In the early 21st century, Aydar Akhatov invented a new style of painting, which he called "art-sensualism" (from Lat. Sensus – perception, feeling, sensation), the meaning of which is that the result depends only on the creativity of impressions, feelings of the artist, and not by a so-called objective reality. Any particular item of reality any artist can paint their own way and this will be his only true reality at the time of the creative process.

The creator of the new language of painting Aydar Ahatov reveals in his paintings elusive, fleeting harmony of man and the environment.

Aydar Akhatov wrote more than 350 paintings, which are not only involved in exhibitions, but also purchased by private collectors and museums around the world (US, Switzerland, Germany, Australia, Japan, Italy, etc.).


Tom Polanic

Thomas Joseph Polanic (April 2, 1943 – September 22, 2019) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 19 games in the National Hockey League for the Minnesota North Stars.


L'Appel

L'Appel (The Calling) was a collaborationist periodical of Vichy France.  It was the organ of the collaborationist  French League and edited by the League's leader, Pierre Costantini of the Parti populaire français (PPF).  Its two main contributors were Robert Julien-Courtine (1910-1998) and Paul Riche.


Qaleh-ye Changai

Qaleh-ye Changai (, also Romanized as Qal‘eh-ye Changā’ī; also known as Changā’ī) is a village in Dasht-e Lali Rural District, in the Central District of Lali County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 808, in 116 families.


Antonio Creus

Antonio Creus Rubín de Celis (28 October 1924 – 19 February 1996) was a motorcycle racer and racing driver from Spain. He participated in one Formula One World Championship Grand Prix, the 1960 Argentine Grand Prix on 7 February 1960, driving a privately entered Maserati 250F. He retired with electrical problems and exhaustion, and scored no championship points.

He died in his native Madrid in 1996.

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)


Scopula minuta

Scopula minuta is a moth of the  family Geometridae. It is found on Madagascar.


Marinospirillum

{{Taxobox
| color = lightgrey
| name = Marinospirillum
| image =
| image_caption =
| domain = Bacteria
| phylum = Proteobacteria
| classis = Gammaproteobacteria
| ordo = Oceanospirillales
| familia = Oceanospirillaceae
| genus = Marinospirillum
| genus_authority = Satomi et al. 1998
| type_species = | subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =M. alkaliphilumM. celereM. insulareM. megateriumM. minutulum| synonyms =
}}Marinospirillum is a bacteria genus from the family of Oceanospirillaceae.


Peace River Wilderness Park

Wilderness Park is a municipally owned park with a set of two man made lakes stocked with rainbow trout and interconnected trails. It is located on a quarter section 10 kilometers west of the Town of Peace River, south of Highway 2 on Range Road 233.

Activities

It is a park meant for day-users and has picnic tables, fire pits and wheelchair accessible outhouses. There are no garbage receptacles because of the risk of attracting bears. Both lakes are equipped with docks. Firewood is also available. Hiking trails meander through the park, allowing one to view birds and wildlife in their natural habitat. The trails also connect to the Friendship Trail that links the towns of Peace River and Grimshaw.

Cross Country Skiing is popular on the trails in this location during the winter months.

In the 2010 Alberta Summer Games hosted in the Peace River region, canoe polo took place at Wilderness Park since the Municipal District of Peace No. 135 was a hosting partner. Canoe polo can be described as a combination of water polo, basketball and kayaking


Dolní Třebonín

Dolní Třebonín () is a village and municipality (obec) in Český Krumlov District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic.

The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 1,197 (as of 28 August 2006).

Dolní Třebonín lies approximately  north-east of Český Krumlov,  south of České Budějovice, and  south of Prague.


Jan Satyagraha 2012

Jan Satyagraha 2012 is a non-violent foot march organized by Ekta Parishad, on a 350 km stretch between Gwalior and Delhi. The march started at Gwalior on 2 October 2012, and arrived in Delhi on 29 October 2012. Jan Satyagraha means "Keenness to Truth" and is based on Mahatma Gandhi's non-violent resistance.

The objective is to obtain "a comprehensive National Land Reforms Act  and effective implementation and monitoring institutions to provide access to land and livelihood resources to the poor landless, homeless and marginalized communities". Ekta Parishad is also demanding implementation of PESA or Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act 1996 in tribal areas so that local population have a say in how the land and natural resources in their respective areas are used. They also demand fast-track courts to settle thousands of pending land disputes.

After Janadesh 2007, Ekta Parishad demands included the implementation of the Forest Rights Act, 2008.

Between 20 and 24 September, several meetings took place between representatives of Ekta Parishad and government ministers, but no agreement was reached.

50,000 landless and small farmers gathered in Gwalior on the Mela Ground on 2 October 2012. Jairam Ramesh, Minister of Rural Development, Government of India; Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia, Member of Parliament from the Congress Party; and Rajagopal P. V., president of Ekta Parishad, made speeches. Many other personalities were present.

On 8 October, an Ekta Parishad delegation met again with Ramesh in New Delhi. An agreement was reached and the march stopped at Agra. The two major points of the agreement were:
establishment of a draft national land reforms policy in the next 6 months, to be finalised soon thereafter.
adoption of a legal provision to provide agriculture land to landless people and homestead land to homeless people.

Gallery


Huntsville Transit

Huntsville Transit provides local bus service in the town of Huntsville in the Muskoka Region of Ontario, Canada. They run two scheduled routes, but operations are flexible enough to accommodate the pick-up and drop-off of wheelchair clients and buses can be flagged down by other riders anywhere along the route.


Winter of 1886–1887

The winter of 1886–1887, also known as the Big Die-Up, was extremely harsh for much of continental North America, especially the United States. Although it affected other regions in the country, it is most known for its effects on the Western United States and its cattle industry. This winter marked the end of the open range era and led to the entire reorganization of ranching.

History
The summer of 1886 had been unusually hot and dry, with numerous prairie fires, and water sources often dried up. In the fall, signs of a harsh winter ahead began to appear. Birds began flying south earlier than usual, beavers were seen collecting more wood than normal for the winter ahead, and some cattle grew thicker and shaggier coats.

The first snows fell earlier than usual, in November, and were reported as some of the worst in memory. Extreme cold killed humans and animals. Some people got lost near their houses and froze to death very near their front doors. The winter weather even reached the West Coast, with snowfall of 3.7 inches in downtown San Francisco setting an all-time record on February 5, 1887.

The loss of livestock was not discovered until spring, when many cattle carcasses were spread across the fields and washed down streams. The few remaining cattle were in poor health, emaciated and suffering from frostbite. This resulted in the cattle being sold for much less, in some cases leading to bankruptcy.

Future president Theodore Roosevelt's cattle ranch near Medora, Dakota Territory was among those hit hard by that winter. In a letter to his friend, Henry Cabot Lodge, Roosevelt remarked "Well, we have had a perfect smashup all through the cattle country of the northwest. The losses are crippling. For the first time I have been utterly unable to enjoy a visit to my ranch. I shall be glad to get home."


David Gomia

David Gomia is a Papua New Guinean former professional rugby league footballer who represented Papua New Guinea at the 1995 World Cup.

Playing career
Gomia represented the Highlands Zone in 1991. He first represented Papua New Guinea in 1994 and went on to play for Papua New Guinea for four years, including matches against the New Zealand Māori side in 1998. He played in two matches at the 1995 World Cup.

Gomia originally played for Goroka in the SP Cup but spent time with the Mt Hagen Eagles before joining the Enga Mioks in 2001.


Postcards (novel)

Postcards is E. Annie Proulx's 1992 novel about the life and travels of Loyal Blood across the American West. Postcards has been likened by David Bradley to a Great American Novel. It is the predecessor to Proulx's award-winning The Shipping News.  Postcards cuts between stories of Loyal's travels and the stories of his family back in Vermont, to whom he sends irregular postcards about his life and experiences. Loyal never leaves a return address, so is unable to hear back from his family and therefore misses all the news from home, including the death of his father and mother, the sale of the family farm, and the marriage of his sister to a virtual stranger.

The novel's content provides a personal view of America in the 20th Century, dealing with themes of war, industrialization, conservation and the American Dream. It also provides a glimpse into the way a family unit is slowly destroyed due to this arrival of a new age. Fate is one of the chief themes of the novel: no matter how hard one works for a better life, fate may alter the outcome. Thus, the book has a naturalistic perspective.


Million Dollar Boy

Million Dollar Boy is the third solo studio album by the Canadian rapper K.Maro. The album was released in Europe on 21 October, 2005. There were three singles released from that album. The album was sold more than 300 000 units.

Track listing
"K.M.A.R.O"
"Les frères existent encore"
"Histoires de Luv" feat. Shy'm
"K.Pone. Inc."
"Gangsta Party"
"Million Dollar Boy"
"Nice And Slow" feat. Shy'm
"Juss Shake"
"Dirty"
"Strip Club"
"Nouveau Millenaire"
"The Greatest"  feat. Divin
"Simple Vie"

Singles
"Histoires de Luv" (120 000 units sold)
"Les frères existent encore"
"Gangsta Party"

External links
 K'Maro - Million Dollar Boy


Saari language

Saari, or Nsari, is an Eastern Beboid language of Cameroon. According to Ethnologue, it's 84% lexically similar to Ncane, making it very close to the Noni cluster.


Serhiy Lavrynenko

Serhiy Lavrynenko (; born 17 February 1975 in Ordzhonikidze) is a Ukrainian professional football coach and a former player.

Career
Since 2015 till August 2016 he worked a head coach of FC Zirka Kirovohrad, while in late 2014 Lavrynenko performed functions of an acting head coach.


Mariano Frúmboli

Mariano Chicho Frúmboli (born 21 September 1970 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentinian tango dancer. He is regarded as one of the founders of Tango nuevo, and he is best known for his musicality and creativity while improvising.

Early life
His father was a teacher of fine arts and studied guitar. In 1984 he was 13 and started studying music. He studied in the "David Lebon Music School" in Buenos Aires as a drum player.
From 1992 until 1998 he studied theater in Buenos Aires with Cristina Banegas.

Career
He began dancing tango in 1993. Two years later he started dancing with Victoria Vieyra and then with Teté Rusconi. Victoria took him to Gustavo Naveira's and Fabián Salas's training group.
In 1997 he was an extra in The Tango Lesson.

He first partnered with a dancer named Laura. Shortly after, in 1999, he started performing with Lucía Mazer with whom he worked for the next 4 years. He has happened to call this period the most creative of his career.
After breaking up and ending his intense professional and personal relationship with Lucia he partnered with Eugenia Parrilla from 2003 until 2006. In an interview he called these years his most "artistic years".

Currently he tours and performs with Juana Sepúlveda.

He performed live with numerous tango orchestras and even neotango groups such as Gotan Project, Tanghetto and Narcotango.  Since 2009 Chicho and Juana teach and perform at the annual Tango Element Festival in Baltimore, Maryland DC.

Selected filmography
Tango Libre "Tango libre" (2012)

Fermín glorias del tango (2014)

Video Clips
Tango Ritual "" (2007)

Tango Arte "" (2003)

Tango Element 2013 " (2013)

Tango Element 2013 " (2013)

Tango Element 2012 " (2012)

Tango Element 2010 " (2010)

ARCOS - by Jelly Films " (2017)


Louise Cox (architect)

Professor Virginia Louise Cox AO  (née Gowing) (1939–) is an Australian architect who has made a significant and distinguished contribution 'to architecture as a practitioner, through executive roles with international professional organisations, and to architectural education and heritage conservation'.

Biography
Louise Cox AO graduated from the University of Sydney with a Bachelor of Architecture in 1963 and later returned to study town planning, graduating in 1971. After graduating Cox worked for a year in the office of Chamberlin Powell and Bon in London before returning to Australia to work in the office of Peddle Thorp & Walker, Sydney. In 1968 she worked as an architect and associate at McConnell Smith and Johnson before becoming a director from 1980–1997, during which time she made a leading contribution to the advancement of heritage and health care design through the delivery of many significant projects in Australia and Malaysia.

Beyond practice in architecture and planning, Cox has dedicated over fifty years of service to the advocacy of the profession through many organisations and government boards. After joining as a student member in the sixties, from 1986 to 1996 Cox became highly involved in the Australian Institute of Architects, serving on numerous local and national committees.

Cox was the first woman president of the New South Wales Chapter of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (1988–90). As the 56th National President of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects (1994–1995), she was the first woman to serve in this role.

In 1992 Cox was elected to the International Union of Architects (UIA) and was its President from 2008 to 2011. Her work with the UIA has encompassed key roles in the development of the UNESCO-UIA Charter for Architectural Education, the Education Policy Paper, the UNESCO-UIA Validation System and the UN-HABITAT World Urban Campaign.

In 2011 Ms Cox was awarded Chevalier d'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, one of the highest honorary distinctions granted by France.

In 2014 she was awarded Officer (AO) of the Order of Australia in 2014 for "distinguished service to architecture as a practitioner, through executive roles with international professional organisations, and to architectural education and heritage conservation".

Cox is an Adjunct Professor at the University of NSW.

Professional career

Cox has served on almost thirty boards and high-level committees in a range of professional areas including as a member of the Heritage Council of New South Wales, as a member of many advisory committees assisting the New South Wales and Commonwealth governments in the areas of architecture, construction, housing, public works and building standards, and as treasurer and president of Docomomo. In addition, Cox has contributed to education through significant roles with the University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales, where she is an adjunct professor.

Cox has been an active and highly involved member of the Australian Institute of Architects for well over fifty years and was the first woman to become National President in 1994. This followed an earlier term as the New South Wales Chapter's first woman President in 1988–90, and her roles on numerous Institute committees at state and national level.

Cox was made a member (AM) of the General Division of the Order of Australia in 1999.

She was elected as the International Union of Architects (UIA) Councillor for Region IV (Asia and Oceania) in 1996, and became the Vice-President for Region IV in 2002.

In 2008 Cox became the President of the International Union of Architects (UIA), a role she held for three years until 2011. In its sixty years until then the UIA had only had one president from the Asia and Oceania region: India's Jai Bhalla in 1978. "It's really important for this region to be understood by the rest of the world," Cox said when she took on the role.

Cox’s work with the UIA encompassed key roles in the development of the UNESCO-UIA Charter for Architectural Education, the associated Education Policy Paper, the UNESCO-UIA Validation System and the UN-HABITAT World Urban Campaign.

In 2011 Cox was presented the insignia of Knight in the Order of Arts and Letters by Frédéric Mitterrand, French Minister for Culture and Communication. Mitterrand applauded Cox for her "exemplary attention to natural and urban contexts, respect of the environment and its transformation". Mitterrand concluded that: “Through your energetic involvement and your federative enthusiasm, you offer a major contribution to the new orientation of the architecture of tomorrow where the aesthetic is more than ever interwoven with the principle of responsibility.”

In 2013 Cox was awarded the Australian Institute of Architects National President's Prize (2013). The Jury's citation stated that "Her enormous gift to architecture and the profession both here and overseas has been passionate, tenacious, pragmatic, dedicated and a selfless offering to the greater good. She has been selected as the recipient of the President's Prize in recognition of this sustained commitment and her far-reaching work in service to architecture and its value to the wider community."

In 2014 Cox was made an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO), the highest recognition for outstanding achievement and service to country, for "distinguished service to architecture as a practitioner, through executive roles with international professional organisations, and to architectural education and heritage conservation".

Personal life

Virginia Louise Gowing grew up on Sydney's north shore; her father worked in retail while her mother raised the four children.
Louise married Philip Cox, a fellow architect, in Sydney in April 1972. They have two daughters, Charlotte and Sophie.

Awards
 1999: Appointed a Member of the General Division of the Order of Australia for services to architecture;
 2003: Marion Mahony Griffin Prize, Australian Institute of Architects;
 2003: Outstanding Service-board member, Standards Australia;
 2011: Knight in the Order of Arts and Letters (Chevalier d'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres), France
 2013: Presidents Prize, Australian Institute of Architects;
 2014: Appointed an Officer of the General Division of the Order of Australia for services to architecture


Aging in place

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines aging in place as "the ability to live in one's own home and community safely, independently, and comfortably, regardless of age, income, or ability level".

Environmental gerontology
Research in environmental gerontology indicates the importance of the physical and social environment of housing and the neighborhood (public space), as well as its implications for aging in place.

Preference

Most adults would prefer to age in place—that is, remain in their home of choice as long as possible. In fact, 90 percent of adults over the age of 65 report that they would prefer to stay in their current residence as they age. One-third of American households are home to one or more residents 60 years of age or older.

Technology can be an enabler for aging in place—there are four categories of technology that acts as an enabler—Communication and Engagement, Health and Wellness, Learning and Contribution, and Safety and Security. Caregiving technologies help those who care for older adults provide that care in the most effective way—and include new technologies for smart phones and tablets, as well as websites—such as Caring.com or AARP.org/Caregiving.

Home modifications

There exist many risks for injury to older adults in the common household, therefore impacting upon their capability to successfully age in place. Among the greatest threats to an ability to age in place is falling. According to the CDC, falls are the leading cause of injurious death among older adults. Therefore, engagement in fall prevention is crucial to one's ability to age in place. Common features in an everyday household, such as a lack of support in the shower or bathroom, inadequate railings on the stairs, loose throw rugs, and obstructed pathways are all possible dangers to an older person. However, simple and low-cost modifications to an older person's home can greatly decrease the risk of falling, as well as decreasing the risk of other forms of injury. Consequently, this increases the likelihood that one can age in place.

Some examples of home modifications include: increased lighting, accessible switches at both ends of the stairs, additional railings, grab bars, nonskid flooring, a hand-held flexible shower head, walk-in bathtubs, and the removal of throw rugs and clutter. In most cases, home modifications can be simple and cost-effective, while simultaneously offering substantial benefits to the individual. Other modifications to the home – especially those that require retrofitting – are a little more costly due to increased complexity of installation. These can include: ramps for accessible entry and exit, walk-in shower, sliding shelves, stairlifts, or even home elevators. Many homes are built or retrofitted with the Universal design model in mind, which makes everything in the home accessible to all people with or without functional limitations.

Resources in the community
Naturally occurring retirement communities, also known as NORCS, are another source of support for older adults wishing to age in place.  A NORC, though not built specifically for a certain age demographic, occurs where a congregation of residents 60 and older live cooperatively.  Some offer recreational activities, preventative health and social services for the community.  This model can be supported by local, state, and federal dollars as well as community businesses, neighborhood associations and private foundations.

Technological changes
In some cases, the caregivers of people who are aging in place seek to persuade them to adopt new technology, which may include learning new skills and changing their daily routine to incorporate the technology. , there is research about how people aging in place try to use new technology when persuaded, but not much research about the extent to which they continue to use it after trying it for some time. Factors which contribute to the decision to try to technology are the anticipated benefits of the technology, the difficulty using it, the extent to which the user feels that harm will come from not using it, the availability of alternatives, support from others in their social circle, and their own personal attitudes and disposition.

Biological reasons
Many elders have difficulties with everyday functioning that require modifications to the houses or apartments they live in. There are several reasons why these changes happen:
Motor functioning: In a 2002 study by Min Soo Kang, it was reported that of the elder population in America, 18% will have a disability. This calculates to 51 million Americans who have difficulties in functioning every day. 32% over age 65 will have difficulty walking, which may require use of walkers, wheelchairs and canes. To make life easier for the elder, some modifications that can aid them are wider entrances, grab rails, elevator chairs on stairs, etc.
Fine motor functioning: Elders may have difficulty using their fingers, which can be problematic. As a result, modifications to handles, bathroom fixtures, etc. can aid with this problem.
Cognitive functioning: It was reported in Kochera (2002) that 1 out of 5 people over the age of 55 will have a mental health disorder.  Due to the deterioration, the five senses and cognitive capability decrease and cause slower responses.  As a result, fire hazards may not be noticed, which can be very important when setting up fire alarms, exits, etc.

Examples
Aging in place can be further defined by:

 Aging in place without urgent needs: This group includes individuals who want to stay in their current home, are not experiencing immediate health/mobility issues, and prefer aging in place.
 Aging in place with progressive condition-based needs: This group is made up of those with chronic or progressive conditions that will require special modifications for aging in place. These individuals are usually aware of their needs but meeting them is not necessarily urgent. Many have chronic conditions such as diabetes and lung/heart disease that challenge them.
 Aging in place with traumatic change needs: This group includes those who experienced an abrupt or immediate change that demands adjustments in the living environment for aging in place such as home modifications or universal design.

Careers in the field
By working with a person's regular physician and other doctors, an Occupational Therapist (OT) can suggest changes to be made to a person's home in order to uniquely compensate for that particular patient's capabilities and disabilities. By making an appointment and meeting with an Occupational Therapist, a patient is getting a one-on-one based session where the therapist is focused solely on that patient's limitations and is making strategies in order to modify the patient's home, making it safer and letting them keep their independence. OT's will work with contractors and occasionally local groups and volunteers to make home modifications ranging from small changes like better lighting to more extreme changes such as chair lifts instead of stairs. An OT will typically try to make low-cost adjustments in the initial stages, but once again this is based on each individual. OT's also provide services to older adults in community based scenarios focusing in health promotion.

Initiatives worldwide

In Canada
In Ontario, Canada, aging in place is known as aging at home, and has received considerable financial support from the Ministry of Health and Long Term Care.

In United States
According to the United States Census, 46 million people age 65+ lived in the United States in 2014 and this same segment of the population will grow to 74 million in 2030.

Websites and organizations have sprung up all across the nation, in individual communities, states and nationwide to help people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible. Aging in Place is an initiative of Partners for Livable Communities and the National Association of Area Agencies on Aging. It was developed to help America's communities prepare for the aging of their population and to become places that are good to grow up, live in and grow old. They have been working directly with nine laboratory communities to assist them in advancing policies, programs and services to promote Aging in Place.  A similar network is the Elder Villages.

Smart homes are also another development to help promote aging in place by integrating a range of monitoring and supportive devices. These homes have technology for physiological monitoring, functional monitoring for emergency detection and response, safety monitoring and assistance, security monitoring and assistance, social interaction monitoring and assistance and cognitive and sensory assistance.

Georgia Institute of Technology has developed a smart house. This house would help to address issues older adults face when living alone, such as physical and mental decline as well as awareness for family members. The house includes technology such as pendants which understand commands in the form of hand gestures. It could open and lock doors, close blinds, turn on lights, and more. There is also an in-home monitoring system that can inform family members about an older relative's daily activities, health status, and potential problems. This would allow older adults to remain in their own home while still maintaining their independence without their families having to worry about their well being. This is not the only smart house that has popped up.
The University of Florida has created one as well. It has smart refrigerators and pantries which can detect food consumption and expired products. Their smart laundry machines can coordinate with the smart closet to notify the resident when it is time to do laundry as well as aid in sorting the laundry. Every room is specially designed with these and many more smart features to aid their living situation.

Similar technology has been done at the Washington State University, University of Texas, University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Missouri, as well as in Osaka, Japan.

In December 2011,  AARP Policy Institute and the National Conference of State Legislatures released a report entitled, "Aging in Place:  A State Survey of Livability Policies and Practices" to foster aging in place by giving state legislators examples of how laws, policies and programs can support this goal.  In addition to such governmental initiatives, livability can be optimized through the incorporation of universal design principles, telecare and other assistive technologies. Assistive technologies include communications, health and wellness monitoring, home safety and security.  Semico Research published a report in July 2013 claiming the health and wellness monitoring market for Aging in Place will reach $30 billion by 2017.

The Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) model was created in the early 1970s in order to meet the chronic care needs of older people through their community. As an assistance program, one must be at least 55 years of age, certified by their state to need nursing home care, are able to live safely in the community at the time of enrollment, and live in a PACE service area. The goal of the PACE program is to care for the chronic care needs of older individuals while providing them with the ability to live independently, or age in place in their homes, for as long as possible. In order to make independent living possible for this population, the PACE program provides services, such as physical therapy, respite care, prescription drugs, social services, nutritional counseling, and much more. Since 2011, PACE has 82 operational programs in 29 states, and is continuing to expand today.

In Middle Eastern and Asian countries
For many countries in the Middle and Far East, it is part of the cultural beliefs for older adults to age in place. Many children believe it to be their duty to care for their parents as they age and therefore will move in with their parents when their assistance is needed. In many Middle Eastern countries, nursing homes are just recently coming into existence due to cultural and generational shifts towards Western values.


Dagmar Oakland

Dagmar Oakland (born Edna Martine Dagmar Andersen; August 21, 1897 – October 8, 1989) was an American actress of stage and screen from San Francisco, California. Twice she was a member of the Ziegfeld Follies.

Family
Oakland's parents were Edward Andersen of Fredrikstad, Norway and Anna Marthine Olsen, also of Norway. Her siblings' names were Edward, Herbert (née Hagbart), and Vivien. Her sister performed on Broadway and in motion pictures as Vivian Oakland. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, Anna Andersen, a widow since 1898, moved the family to Oakland, California, where the sisters took their stage names.

Stage
Edna and Vivien appeared in vaudeville as the Anker sisters (an old family name). They changed their surname to Oakland in tribute to their hometown. They performed as the Oakland Sisters in the Boston Juveniles, a vaudeville group.

They traveled the west coast as far as Seattle, Washington. The sisters ended up in New York City, appearing with the Ziegfeld Follies and other shows. In 1915, Oakland began a solo stage career. In November 1924, she had an important role in Heidelberg, the musical version of a play made famous by Richard Mansfield.

Film career
Beginning in 1930, Oakland performed in Hollywood motion pictures. Her first feature was The Heart Breaker (1930) directed by Edmund Joseph. She was cast with Joan Blondell, Gloria Shea, and Walter Kinsella. She played a reporter in Wedding Present (1936) and a nurse in Hit Parade of 1937. Oakland's film career lasted into the late 1940s with uncredited roles in  Tonight and Every Night (1945), Thrill of a Romance (1945), and Riverboat Rhythm (1946).

Marriage
In 1919, she married Captain Garnette Rotan, who served with distinction in World War I. Their romance began in 1917 when Oakland was playing in a Broadway theater production. The actress became engaged to English actor Thomas Oliver Neville Clark. Clark was deported from America in June 1935 because he overstayed his visitor's permit.

Vivian met and married actor John Murry. The couple had a daughter named Joan. They continued their careers in movies and relocated to southern California. The Murry's operated a small bookshop on Ventura Boulevard in the 1940s. Dagmar Oakland died in Burbank, California in 1989.


Rogožarski SIM-VIII

The SIM-VIII (Serbian Cyrillic:СИМ-VIII) was a 1931 Yugoslav, single-engined, 2-seat, sport, tourist and training aircraft, designed by Sima Milutinović and built at the Rogožarski factory in Belgrade from 1931 and by Ikarus at Zemun from  1933.

Design and development
The SIM-VIII was designed by Sima Milutinović at the end of 1930, with a desire to contribute to the development of aviation in Yugoslavia. The prototype  was built at the expense of the constructor and the first test flight was conducted at Zemun in the Autumn of 1931. After certification the aircraft was purchased by the Yugoslav Royal Air Force and the Yugoslav Aeroclub at Belgrade.

The SIM-VIII was a parasol winged monoplane powered by an  Siemens-Halske Sh 14 engine driving a wooden 2-bladed propeller, seating two crew members in tandem open cockpits. Construction of the SIM-VIII employs several new construction solutions designed to reduce cost and streamline production, without compromising aircraft flight characteristics, built mostly of wooden construction with steel fittings at high stress areas. The fuselage is entirely made of wood covered with plywood, and the wings have supporting structure made of wood covered with fabric. On each side, the wings are supported by a pair of inclined struts attached to the lower fuselage longerons, and the fuel tank is also located in the centre fuselage. The control surfaces are made of welded steel tube, covered with fabric and the fixed V-strutted landing gear was built up from high strength steel tube enabling the SIM-VIII to handle rough landing strips.

Operational history
Three SIM-VIIIs were produced by Rogožarski 1931, owned by the Yugoslav Aerocub at Belgrade, (registered YU-PBC, YU-PBD and YU-PCI) which used them for propaganda flights and training sport pilots. The first of the listed aircraft flew until 1937, when it was withdrawn from use and the other two have no recorded history.

The two aircraft built in the Ikarus factory at Zemun in 1933 were not placed on the civil registry and are most likely to have been produced for the Yugoslav Royal Air Force.

Accolades awarded to the SIM-VIII include 1st place at the 1932 International Air Rally (Rundflug), held from 19 July 1932 at Warsaw.

Operators

Royal Yugoslav Air Force - 2 aircraft
Yugoslav Aerocub - 3 aircraft

Specifications


I Have Questions

"I Have Questions" is a song recorded by Cuban-American singer and songwriter Camila Cabello. It was first featured as an intro on the music video for her debut single "Crying in the Club", prior to its release with a lyric video on May 22, 2017. It was written by Cabello with Bibi Bourelly and Jesse Shatkin who also produced, recorded and programmed the track.

Cabello wrote the song while she was still touring with her then-group Fifth Harmony. It was the first song she wrote for her debut album, inspiring the direction of the project that was then called The Hurting. The Healing. The Loving. According to her, this was "The Hurting" part of the album. The song, however, was not included in the final track listing after the album's re-imagination. It is included in the Japan limited pressing of Camila as a bonus track, and is the B-side of the 7-inch single of her debut song "Crying in the Club".

"I Have Questions" is built around melancholic lyrics. The singer does not understand why her lover has left her and has questions for them. Its dark production features a prominent cello line and drum machine beats that begin after the second chorus. On its release, the song charted in Spain, Portugal and France. Cabello performed the song at the 2017 Billboard Music Awards, the 2017 iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards and Britain's Got Talent.

Background and release
In 2012, Cabello auditioned as a solo contestant on the American version of The X Factor. After failing as a soloist, she was selected to compete on the show in a group with four other contestants. Together, they formed Fifth Harmony, finished third in the competition, and then signed a joint record deal with Simon Cowell's label Syco Records and L.A. Reid's label Epic Records. Cabello collaborated as a member of the group for three years, releasing two studio albums, an extended play and eight singles. According to Nielsen Soundscan, the group had sold more than seven million digital downloads in the United States before her departure in December 2016. While touring to promote their second album 7/27 (2016), Cabello felt lonely and sad and wrote songs to express her feelings and to help her to get negative things "off her chest". She wrote "I Have Questions" in a hotel bathroom during a very low moment of her life. She explained in May 2017:

In an interview with Latina magazine, she commented on her decision to leave Fifth Harmony and her future plans saying: "I needed to follow my heart and my artistic vision. I'm grateful for everything we had in Fifth Harmony and for [this new] opportunity. I am less focused on success and more on doing my best and pursuing my artistic vision to the fullest, wherever that takes me."
In early 2017, she started recording her solo debut album which she titled The Hurting. The Healing. The Loving. During recording sessions, Cabello returned to writing "I Have Questions", forcing herself to confront her feelings. The results inspired Cabello to keep writing songs where she could express her feelings, making music that was helping her to "heal". As she explained in a message posted on social media: "I realized I wasn't making music just to make an album anymore, I was making this music to heal, it wasn't until I had made enough songs to listen back to and realized I could hear myself coming back through these songs. I didn't write it with the intention of delivering a message, but I realized the message was in the hurting, the healing, and the loving."

In May 2017, she finally teased her first solo material revealing the title of the album, and a release date for her first solo single, "Crying in the Club". It was released on May 19, 2017, along with its music video, which features an intro that incorporates the lines from the first verse of "I Have Questions". On May 22, she published the lyric video for the song. It was later released to music stores and streaming services. However, later in the year, Cabello announced that the album's title would be changed and all the previously released material, including "I Have Questions", would not be included on the final cut. The album's new title was Camila. In interview with Zane Lowe for Beats 1, Cabello explained that she no longer felt those songs represented the artist she had become. She confirmed that the only previously released track appearing on the album would be "Havana." The song is featured as the thirteenth track on the Japanese limited edition CD.

Composition and lyrics

"I Have Questions" has a dark, melancholic sound with themes of abandonment and the acknowledgement that a former companion was not who they appeared to be. While the song is written as a ballad directed at a former lover, Cabello has explained that the song is about a friendship that went awry, adding that she wrote it with one person in mind, but there are others to whom the song is directed. As the song title implies, the singer has many questions for the song's subject. Throughout the song, she expresses her confusion, looking for answers and explanations. As the song opens, she airs out her feelings in the first verse, over a soft cello line, "Why did you leave me here to burn? / I’m way too young to be this hurt / I feel doomed in hotel rooms / Staring straight up at the wall / Counting wounds and I am trying to numb them all / Do you care? / Why don't you care?" Singing the second verse, Cabello wonders how someone could cut her so deeply: "Number one, tell me who you think you are / You got some nerve trying to tear my faith apart / Number two, why would you try and play me for a fool? / I should have never ever ever trusted you."

The song continues with drum machine beats and hi-hat reminiscent of trap music. Lucas Villa from AXS noted that instead of "staying a victim," Cabello expresses herself as a "survivor on this haunting and honest interrogation session". Mike Pell of MTV News felt that the song's production recalls Britney Spears's "Everytime" (2004). Rolling Stones Althea Legaspi wrote that Cabello sings with "raw emotion".

Reception
Reviewing Camila, Kitty Empire of The Guardian commented on the change of the material for the album. She felt the exclusion of "I Have Questions" was "unexpected" as she views the song as "excellent". Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone magazine, described it as "brooding" and praised its stripped-down production, while Taylor Weatherby of Billboard characterized it as "poignant".

On its release, "I Have Questions" had minimal commercial success. It debuted at number 94 in France, number 82 in Portugal and peaked at number nine in Spain —  Cabello's third top ten on the Spanish chart. In the United States, the song did not appear on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, only managing to chart on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles at number 24.

Live performances

Cabello performed "I Have Questions" as an introduction to "Crying in the Club" at the 2017 Billboard Music Awards on May 21, 2017. Following the event, she performed the whole song during a special encore performance on Xfinity. For this performance, Cabello dressed in white on a dark stage with red petals surrounding her. She also performed the song at the 2017 iHeartRadio Much Music Video Awards, and on Britain's Got Talent on May 31, 2017. Mike Nied of Idolator described it as an "impactful performance that featured strong vocals".

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Crying in the Club.

Publishing
 Sony/ATV Songs LLC (BMI) O/b/O Sony ATV Music Publishing (UK) Ltd./Maidmetal Limited (PRS)/Milamoon Songs (BMI) // EMI April Music, Inc. (ASCAP) O/b/O itself and Aidenjulius Music (ASCAP) // BMG Gold Songs (ASCAP)/Arjouni Publishing (ASCAP)

Recording and management
 Recorded at The Big Cage, Los Angeles, California
 Mixed at MixStar Studios, Virginia Beach, Virginia
 Bibi Bourelly appears courtesy of Def Jam Recordings

Personnel

 Camila Cabello – songwriting, lead vocals
 Jesse Shatkin – songwriting, production, instruments, programming, recording
 Bibi Bourelly – songwriting, background vocals
 Frank Dukes – additional production
 Serban Ghenea – mixing
 John Hanes – engineering
 Sam Dent – additional engineering

Charts

Release history


Plasmodium carmelinoi

Plasmodium carmelinoi is a parasite of the genus Plasmodium.

Like all Plasmodium species P. carmelinoi has both vertebrate and insect hosts. The vertebrate hosts for this parasite are reptiles.

Description
The parasite was first described by Lainson et al in 2010. Prevalence of infection is low (5%).

Trophozoites

The trophozoites are initially tear-shaped and possess a large vacuole. As they mature they may assume an irregular shape but ultimately becoming spherical or broadly ovoid. The vacuole reduces the cytoplasm of the parasite to a narrow peripheral band. At first the dark, brownish-black pigment granules are restricted to this rim of cytoplasm but latterly become are concentrated within the vacuole.

Schizonts

These possess 8–12 nuclei and when mature are spherical to ovoid and predominantly polar in their position in the erythrocyte. Mature schizonts average 5.4 (4.4–6.6) x 4.9 (4.4–5.9) micrometres in size.

Merozoites

The merozoites measure approximately 2.0 x 1.0 micrometres.

Gametocytes

Mature gametocytes are polar in position and spherical to subspherical. Vacuoles of the gametocytes are smaller than those of the schizonts, are of ovoid or spindle shape and contain most of the pigment granules.

Microgametocytes measure 6.0 (5.2–6.2) x 5.0 (4.4–5.2) micrometres and stain an overall pink colour due to the dispersed nuclear chromatin.

Macrogametocytes measure 5.7 (4.4–5.9) x 4.2 (4.0–5.1) micrometres and possess a compact, pink-staining nucleus and a clear blue, faintly staining cytoplasm.

The sex ratio was 1 male to 2.2 females.

Geographical occurrence
This parasite is found in Brazil.

Vectors
Not known.

Clinical features and host pathology
P. carmelinoi infects the teiid lizard (Ameiva ameiva).


The Tiger Hunt

The Tiger Hunt is a large painting by Peter Paul Rubens, featuring a hunt for a tiger. It dates to between 1615 and 1616 and is one of the four hunting paintings, commissioned by Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria to decorate the old Schleissheim Palace. The cycle was seized during the Napoleonic Wars and this painting is now in Musée des Beaux-Arts de Rennes.

It has been used in 2018 as a piece of staging in promotional materials for the TV series “Succession”.


Timeline of materials technology

Major innovations in materials technology

BC

28,000 BC – People wear beads, bracelets, and pendants
14,500 BC – First pottery, made by the Jōmon people of Japan.
3rd millennium BC – Copper metallurgy is invented and copper is used for ornamentation
2nd millennium BC – Bronze is used for weapons and armor
16th century BC – The Hittites develop crude iron metallurgy
13th century BC – Invention of steel when iron and charcoal are combined properly
10th century BC – Glass production begins in ancient Near East
1st millennium BC – Pewter beginning to be used in China and Egypt
1000 BC – The Phoenicians introduce dyes made from the purple murex.
3rd century BC – Wootz steel, the first crucible steel, is invented in ancient India
50s BC – Glassblowing techniques flourish in Phoenicia
20s BC – Roman architect Vitruvius describes low-water-content method for mixing concrete

1st millennium
3rd century – Cast iron widely used in Han Dynasty China
300 – Greek alchemist Zomius, summarizing the work of Egyptian alchemists, describes arsenic and lead acetate
4th century – Iron pillar of Delhi is the oldest surviving example of corrosion-resistant steel
720 – Abu Masa Dshaffar discovers sulfuric acid, nitric acid, aqua regia, and silver nitrate
750 – Geber, an Arabian alchemist, describes the preparation of aluminum chloride, white lead, nitric acid, and acetic acid
8th century – Porcelain is invented in Tang Dynasty China
8th century – Tin-glazing of ceramics invented by Arabic chemists and potters in Basra, Iraq
9th century – Stonepaste ceramics invented in Iraq
900 – Al-razi, known as Rhazes, a Persian physician and alchemist, describes the preparation of plaster of Paris and metallic antimony
9th century – Lustreware appears in Mesopotamia

2nd millennium
1000 – Gunpowder is developed in China
1340 – In Liège, Belgium, the first blast furnaces for the production of iron are developed
1448 – Johann Gutenberg develops type metal alloy
1450s – Cristallo, a clear soda-based glass, is invented by Angelo Barovier
1540 – Vannoccio Biringuccio publishes first systematic book on metallurgy
1556 – Georg Agricola's influential book on metallurgy
1590 – Glass lenses are developed in the Netherlands and used for the first time in microscopes and telescopes
1664 – In the pipes supplying water to the gardens at Versailles, cast iron is used

18th century
1717 – Abraham Darby makes iron with coke, a derivative of coal
1738 – Metallic zinc processed by distillation from calamine and charcoal patented by William Champion
1740  – Crucible steel technique developed by Benjamin Huntsman
1774 –
Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen
Johann Gottlieb Gahn discovers manganese
Karl Wilhelm Scheele discovers chlorine
1779  – Hydraulic cement (stucco) patented by Bryan Higgins for use as an exterior plaster
1799  – Acid battery made from copper/zinc by Alessandro Volta

19th century
1821  – Thermocouple invented by Thomas Johann Seebeck
1824  – Portland cement patent issued to Joseph Aspdin
1825  – Metallic aluminum produced by Hans Christian Ørsted
1839  – Vulcanized rubber invented by Charles Goodyear
1839  – Silver-based photographic processes invented by Louis Daguerre and William Fox Talbot
1855  – Bessemer process for mass production of steel patented by Henry Bessemer
1861  – Color photography demonstrated by James Clerk Maxwell
1883  – First solar cells using selenium waffles made by Charles Fritts
1893  – Thermite Welding developed and soon used to weld rails

20th century
1902  – Synthetic rubies created by the Verneuil process developed by  Auguste Verneuil
1908  - Cellophane invented by Jacques E. Brandenberger
1909  – Bakelite hard thermosetting plastic presented by Leo Baekeland
1911  – Superconductivity discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
1912  –  Stainless steel invented by Harry Brearley
1916  – Method for growing single crystals of metals invented by Jan Czochralski
1919  – The merchant ship Fullagar has the first all welded hull.
1924  –  Pyrex invented by scientists at Corning Incorporated, a glass with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion
1931  – synthetic rubber called  neoprene developed by Julius Nieuwland (see also: E.K. Bolton, Wallace Carothers)
1931  – Nylon developed by Wallace Carothers
1938  – The process for making poly-tetrafluoroethylene, better known as Teflon discovered by Roy Plunkett
1939  – Dislocations in metals confirmed by Robert W. Cahn
1947  – First germanium point-contact transistor invented
1947  – First commercial application of a piezoelectric ceramic: barium titanate used as a phonograph pickup
1951  – Individual atoms seen for the first time using the field ion microscope
1953  – Metallic catalysts which greatly improve the strength of polyethylene polymers discovered by Karl Ziegler
1954  – Silicon solar cells with 6% efficiency made at Bell Laboratories
1954  – Argon oxygen decarburization (AOD) refining invented by scientists at the Union Carbide Corporation
1959  – Float glass process patented by the Pilkington Brothers
1962  – SQUID superconducting quantum interference device invented
1968  – Liquid crystal display developed by RCA
1970  – Silica optical fibers grown by Corning Incorporated
1980  – Duplex stainless steels developed which resist oxidation in chlorides
1984  – Fold-forming system developed by Charles Lewton-Brain to produce complex three dimensional forms rapidly from sheet metal
1985  - The first fullerene molecule discovered by scientists at Rice University (see also: Timeline of carbon nanotubes)
1986  - The first high temperature superconductor is discovered by Georg Bednorz and K. Alex Müller


History of Madras Presidency

Madras Presidency (also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St. George), was an administrative subdivision (presidency) of British India.  At its greatest extent, Madras Presidency included much of southern India, including the present-day Indian State of Tamil Nadu, the Malabar region of North Kerala, Lakshadweep Islands, the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, Brahmapur and Ganjam districts of Orissa and the Bellary, Dakshina Kannada, and Udupi districts of Karnataka. The presidency had its capital at Madras (now known as Chennai).

Establishment

In 1684, Madras was once again elevated to the status of a Presidency and William Gyfford appointed the first President. In 1690, the East India Company purchased a promontory from Shahuji I, the [Mahratta Raja of Tanjaore], where they built Fort St. David, near Cuddalore. By 1700, there were English factories at Porto Novo, Madapollam, Vizagapatam, Anjengo, Tellicherry and Calicut.

Although the East India Company managed to keep its distance from the politics of Peninsular India, as struggle involving the Mughals, the Mahrattas, the Nizams of Hyderabad and the Nawabs of the Carnatic, as also the European Companies, until 1740, when repercussion of the War of the Austrian Succession began to be felt in India, as a result of Dupleix's machinations to establish French paramountcy in Southern India. In September 1746, Fort St. George was taken by the French, under La Bourdonnais, and governed as a part of French India until 1749 when Madras was restored to the British under the terms of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.

In 1755 an expedition was dispatched from Madras to the Tinnevelly country, to assist the Nawab of the Carnatic, to whom it belonged, in bringing it to some order from the poligar chieftains who actually controlled it. Although the polygars were signally defeated the Nawab's representative was unable to exert any control meriting the name, which led the area to being leased to the British by the Nawab. However, in 1763, when Yusuf Cawn, the only native commander-in-chief of British troops in India, and the man who had been given charge of Tinnevelly, rebelled and raised the French flag, another expedition was despatched to quell him, after which troops in the area were commanded by British officers and the area administered by native officials on behalf of the Nawab.

When war again broke out between Britain and France in 1757, a campaign was fought between the forces of the two companies all through the extent of the Madras Presidency, from Vizagapatam in the Northern Circars, to Fort St. David, bordering on the Mahratta Kingdom of Tanjore. It was the same war that witnessed the famed Battle of Wandiwash, where the French forces under Count Lally were routed by the English under Sir Eyre Coote. Fort St. Dénis, at Pondicherry, the capital of French India, surrendered to the English in January, 1761. All French possessions were restituted by the provisions of the Peace of Paris of 1763, but the French were ever thereafter a spent force in India.

It was shortly thereafter that the Northern Circars were transferred to the Madras Presidency from the French, who had held it until that point, by the Mughal Emperor. It was in the 1760s that war first broke out between the Madras Presidency and the Kingdom of Mysore under Hyder Ali, but was amicably resolved by a mutual restitution of conquered territories.

In September 1774, by the terms of the Pitt's India Act, which was passed by the British Parliament to regulate the administration of territories owned by the British East India Company and to create an unified authority, the President of Madras was made subordinate to the Governor-General based at Calcutta.

Expansion

In 1780, the First Anglo-Mysore War broke out, which resulted in widespread devastation of the Madras Presidency, by the Mysore troops. Peace was made in 1784 by a mutual restoration of territories. Six years thereafter, in 1790, war again broke out with Mysore, albeit with Tipu Sultan, Hyder Ali's son at its head, when the latter raided the territories of the King of Travancore, an English ally. Assisted by the Nizam of Hyderabad and the Peshwa's forces, in 1792, the Mysorean capital of Seringapatam was besieged by the English, whereupon the Sultan treated for peace, the terms of which were the cession of one half of his territories to the allied forces and an indemnity of 3 crores 30 lakhs of rupees. This resulted in the accession to the Madras Presidency of the territories of Dindigul and the Burramah'l, comprising the country from Salem to Dharmapuri, and Malabar. Seeking revenge, Tipu Sultan began to intrigue with the French, which precipitated the Third Anglo-Mysore War, in 1799. With the assistance of their allies from the previous war the English stormed the Sultan's capital in the Siege of Seringapatam. The conclusion of this war resulted in the addition of Coimbatore and Wayanad and the Canara districts on the West Coast, to the territory of the Madras Presidency.

In addition to these substantial additions, in 1799, the Mahratta Raja of Tanjore ceded his kingdom to the East India Company in return for an annuity, while the Nizam surrendered all territory acquired from Tipu Sultan, to the British, in return for an army in his dominions. This latter accession brought the districts of Bellary, Anantapur, Cuddapah and Kurnool, which were known as the Ceded Districts on account of the circumstances attending upon their accession to the British dominions. The discovery of a body of correspondence between Tipu Sultan and the Nawab of the Carnatic, violative of his alliance with the British, led to a treaty in 1801, whereby the government of his territory of Arcot was resigned to the English, in return for the titular dignity of Prince of Arcot and an annual stipend. Thus, the last quarter of the 18th century was a period of rapid expansion.

In the meanwhile, in 1781, the Nawab of the Carnatic assigned the revenues from the Tinnevelly country to the East India Company. Encouraged by the Dutch, the poligars once again began to prove troublesome. In 1783, a stronghold of the poligar leader Kattabomma Nayak, at Panjalamkurichi was reduced, but the war with Mysore prevented it being followed up. However, by 1799, with the fall of Seringapatam, attention could again be turned to Tinnevelly, which resulted in the capture of Panjalamkurichi and the hanging of Kattabomma Nayak. In 1801, rebellion again broke out, which finally resulted in the area being subdued and the leaders either being hanged or transported. Since the Nawab had already made his territories over to the British, Tinnevelly passed into the Madras Presidency in 1801.

Ceylon, then newly conquered from the Dutch, was a part of the Madras Presidency from 1793 to 1798.

A minor insurrection occurred amongst the sepoy troops at Vellore on 10 July 1806 but was suppressed by the next day using sepoys and European troops from Madras under Captain Rollo Gillespie. This was the only serious military uprising all through  British rule, in the Madras Presidency, the territory remaining wholly undisturbed by the Sepoy Mutiny, of 1857.

The kingdom of Mysore was annexed to the Madras Presidency in 1831 on account of inability to pay the exhorbitant subsidies to the English East India Company, but the rightful heir was restored as a subsidiary ruler in 1881.

The Victorian era

Following the Indian Mutiny of 1857, Queen Victoria issued a Proclamation by which Company rule over India came to an end and the British Raj was established.  The Victorian era was a period of peace and prosperity. The Indian Councils Act 1861 and the Indian Councils Act 1909 admitted Indians in the provincial administration. There was a rapid increase in the number of educated classes who qualified for the Indian and Provincial Civil Service. The profession of law was especially prized by the newly emerging class of educated Indians. In 1877, T. Muthuswamy Iyer became the first Indian judge of the Madras High Court despite serious opposition. A number of roads, railways, dams and canals were constructed during this time.

During this period, Madras was devastated by two great famines: Great Famine of 1876–78 and the Indian famine of 1896–97. The population of the Presidency fell from 31.2 million in 1871 to 30.8 million in 1881 as a result of the 1876-78 famine.

Indian Independence Movement and the Home Rule League

There was a strong sense of national awakening in Madras Presidency starting from the later half of the 19th century. Of the 72 delegates who participated in the first session of the Indian National Congress at Bombay in December 1885, 22 were from Madras Presidency. The third session of the Indian National Congress was held in Madras in December 1887 and was a huge success attended by 362 delegates from the Province. Subsequent sessions of the Indian National Congresswere held in Madras in 1894, 1898, 1903, 1908, 1914 and 1927.

The headquarters of the Theosophical Society were moved  to Adyar by Madam Blavatsky and Colonel H. S. Olcott in 1882. The most prominent figure associated with the Theosophical Society was Annie Besant who founded the Home Rule League in 1916. The Home Rule Movement was organized from Madras and found extensive support in the Province. The freedom struggle was actively endorsed by nationalistic newspapers such as The Hindu and Swadesamitran and Mathrubhumi. Subramanya Bharathy, Tiruppur Kumaran, V. V. S. Aiyar, Subramanya Siva, V. O. Chidambaram Pillai, Vanchinathan, V. Kalyanasundaram, Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, R.Krishnasamy Naidu, K. Kamaraj, U. Muthuramalingam Thevar, Sir S. Subramania Iyer, G. Subramania Iyer, S. Srinivasa Iyengar, V. S. Srinivasa Sastri, Tanguturi Prakasam, Kala Venkata Rao, Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao, Bulusu Sambamurti, Sir P. S. Sivaswami Iyer, C. Sankaran Nair, C. Karunakara Menon and Kalki Sadasivam were some prominent freedom-fighters of the period. India's first trade union was established in Madras in 1918 by V. Kalyanasundaram and B. P. Wadia.

Implementation of the Dyarchy

A dyarchy was created in Madras Presidency in the year 1920 as per the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms and provisions were made for elections in the Presidency. Democratically elected governments would henceforth share powers with the Governor's autocratic establishment. In the first elections held in November 1920, the Justice Party,an organization that was established in 1916 to campaign for increased representation of non-Brahmins in the administration, was elected to power. A. Subbarayalu Reddiar became the first Chief Minister of Madras Presidency. However, he resigned soon after a short period due to declining health and was replaced with Sir P. Ramarayaningar, the Minister of Local Self-Government and Public Health. The party split in late 1923 when C. R. Reddy resigned from primary membership and formed a splinter group which allied with Swarajists who were in opposition. A no-confidence motion was passed against Ramarayaningar's government on 27 November 1923, which was however defeated 65-44. Ramarayaningar, popularly known as the Raja of Panagal, remained in power till November 1926. The passing of the First communal Government Order (G.O. No.613) which introduced reservations to government jobs, in August 1921, remains one of the highpoints of his rule. In the next elections held in 1926, the Justice Party lost. However, as no party was able to attain clear majority, the Governor set up an independent government under the leadership of P. Subbarayan and nominated members to support it. In 1930, the Justice Party was victorious and P. Munuswamy Naidu became the Chief Minister. However, the exclusion of Zamindars from the Ministry split the Justice Party once again. Fearing a no-confidence motion against him, Munuswamy Naidu resigned in November 1932 and the Raja of Bobbili was appointed Chief Minister. The Justice Party eventually lost in the 1937 elections to the Indian National Congress and Chakravarti Rajagopalachari became Chief Minister of Madras Presidency.

During the 1920s and 1930s, the Anti-Brahmin movement evolved in the Madras Presidency. This movement was launched by a Congressman E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker, who, unhappy with the principles and policies of the Brahmin leadership of the provincial Congress, moved to the Justice Party in 1925. E. V. R., or Periyar, as he was affectionately called, launched venomous attacks on Brahmins, Hinduism and Hindu superstitions in periodicals and newspapers such as Viduthalai and Justice. He also participated in the Vaikom satyagraha which campaigned for the rights of untouchables in Travancore to enter temples.

Last days of British rule

The Indian National Congress was elected to power in 1937  for the first time in Madras Presidency and barring the six years when Madras was in a state of Emergency, ruled the Presidency till India got independence on 15 August 1947. Chakravarti Rajagopalachari was the first Chief Minister of Madras Presidency from the Congress party. He issued the Temple Entry Authorization and Indemnity Act and introduced prohibition and sales tax in Madras Presidency. However, his rule is largely remembered for compulsory introduction of Hindi in educational institutions which made him highly unpopular as a politician. This measure sparked off widespread Anti-Hindi agitations even leading to violence in some places. Over 1,200 men, women and children were jailed for participating in these Anti-Hindi agitations. Two agitators Thalamuthu and Natarasan lost their lives. In 1940, the Congress ministers resigned protesting the declaration of war on Germany without their consent and the Governor took over the reins of the administration. The unpopular law was eventually repealed by the Governor on 21 February 1940.

Most of the Congress leadership and erstwhile ministers were arrested in 1942 following their participation in the Quit India movement. In 1944, Periyar renamed the Justice Party as Dravidar Kazhagam and withdrew from politics. When the Second World War came to an end, the Indian National Congress re-entered politics and without the presence of any serious opposition, was elected to power in the Presidency. However, Chakravarti Rajagopalachari resigned from the party leadership in 1946 facing strong opposition in the party ranks. Tanguturi Prakasam was elected Chief Minister with the support of Kamaraj. He served for   11 months and was succeeded by O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar. India became independent on 15 August 1947 with Ramaswamy Reddiyar as the first Chief Minister of Madras state.


Lavi, Estonia

Lavi is a village in Rägavere Parish, Lääne-Viru County, in northeastern Estonia.


Chrysopsis highlandsensis

Chrysopsis highlandsensis, called the Highlands goldenaster,  is a North American species of flowering plant in the aster family. It has been found only in three counties in central Florida: Highlands, Polk, and Glades.

Chrysopsis highlandsensis is a perennial herb up to 110 cm (44 inches) tall. It very often produces several stems, each bearing many leaves and as many as 50 yellow flower heads. The species grows in sandy pine woods and wooded scrubland.


Ordinary Jack

Ordinary Jack is a novel by Helen Cresswell, the first book in the Bagthorpe Saga.

Plot summary

Jack Bagthorpe is beaten at everything by his family. Depressed at being an 'ordinary' child in a talented family, and by the failure to beat his younger sister at swimming, Jack Bagthorpe enlists the help of his Uncle Parker in hatching a scheme to become equal. Later, a series of events involving Zero (the family dog) and cousin Daisy result in the dining room being destroyed by a spectacular fire involving a box of fireworks. Jack has a clandestine meeting with Uncle Parker during which they conspire to turn Jack into a prophet or seer. His first prediction will concern Uncle Parker appearing in a lavender coloured suit. The meeting ends abruptly as Daisy, excited about the previous evening's events, dabbles with pyromania. Jack returns home to act "mysteriously", as a build up to making his first prophecy. His first attempt is disrupted when Mr Bagthorpe is goaded into attempting a headstand, breaking his writing arm in the process. Jack uses his father's immobility to corner him and make the prediction ("I see a Lavender Man bearing tidings") and shortly thereafter Uncle Parker appears in his suit to complete the prophecy. Flushed with success Jack and Uncle Parker visit a store where they purchase a crystal ball and a set of tarot cards, and plot their next prediction which will involve a red and white bubble.

Life in the Bagthorpe family continues to be disrupted. Because of his broken arm, scriptwriter Mr Bagthorpe is unable to work; The arrival of a Danish au-pair causes turmoil amongst the younger family members as they squabble over her attentions; Jack makes prophesies and teaches Zero to fetch sticks; Daisy continues to set fires. As Rosie's birthday nears Mr Bagthorpe suffers further problems; twice he hides in the garden with a cassette recorder to record dialogue, and twice Zero mistakes the microphone for a stick and chews it up. Jack makes a prophecy concerning the giant bubble and bears, and worries the family by naming the date of Rosie's birthday party. Grandma chooses to interpret the bear as a symbol for her cat Thomas, previously killed under the wheels of Uncle Parker's car, and predicts his return. On the day itself, Mr Bagthorpe's literary frustrations reach a peak and he excuses himself from the al-fresco party to do some "serious reading". During his absence the prophecy is fulfilled by a giant balloon carrying two men dressed as bears; however Mr Bagthorpe returns brandishing Jack's diary containing evidence of the conspiracy, to destroy any mystical illusion. An argument is forestalled as smoke caused by Daisy's latest fire rises from the house

Finally the plot is exposed. On reflection the family praise Jack for his inventiveness and fine acting. Rosie is pleased that her party succeeds her grandmother's as the most disastrous ever. Mr Bagthorpe's mood lightens as he is revealed to have found Jack's diary only because his "serious reading" involved working his way through Jack's pile of comic books, where the diary was hidden.

External links
Helen Cresswell at FantasticFiction.com
Helen Cresswell at Penguin UK


The Right of Way (1915 film)

The Right of Way is a lost 1915 silent film directed by John W. Noble and starring William Faversham. It is based on a 1907 play by Eugene Wiley Presbrey from the book by Sir Gilbert Parker. It was distributed by Metro Pictures. Faversham's motion picture debut.

The film was remade as The Right of Way in 1920 starring Bert Lytell.

Cast