Marco Pacione

Marco Pacione (born 27 July 1963, in Pescara) is a retired Italian professional football player who played as a forward.

Career
Throughout his career, Pacione played for several Italian clubs. He began his career in Serie B with Atalanta in 1982, where he also later made his breakthrough, helping the club to Serie A promotion and the Serie B title in 1984, due to his prolific performances, which saw him score 15 goals, and finish the season as the top scorer in the league; as a result he earned the nickname "Paciogol", for his ability to score decisive goals for his team. He made his Serie A debut the following season, scoring 5 goals.

The promising youngster's consistent performances for Atalanta led to a transfer to Italian giants and defending European Champions Juventus in 1985, where manager Giovanni Trapattoni primarily used him as a substitute or alongside Aldo Serena; his only season with the Turin club was not a positive one, however, as he was often criticised for missing several goalscoring opportunities. He made 12 league appearances that season, 4 in the European Cup, and 23 in total, failing to score once, although he still claimed a league winners-medal as Juventus won the 1985–86 Serie A title (the club's 22nd in total), as well as the 1985 Intercontinental Cup. Pacione drew particular criticism for missing several important chances against Barcelona in the quarter-finals of the 1985–86 European Cup, mistakes which proved to be costly for the club, as due to the resulting defeat, Juventus were ultimately eliminated from the tournament. Due to his inconsistent performances and lack of composure in front of goal, he was soon sold to Verona the following season.

After a disappointing season with Juventus, he refound his form with Verona, where he was able to play more frequently, and earned the appreciation of the fans due to his combative style of play, scoring 4 goals in 28 appearances during his first season with the club. During the next two seasons, he scored 6 goals in 29 appearances during the 1987–88 Serie A season, and 5 goals in 30 appearances during the 1988–89 Serie A season, during which he also scored two goals in a home win over his former club, Juventus, elevating him to hero status with the local fans. During his time with Verona, he also managed two appearances and a goal with the Italian national B Team, making his debut on 18 November 1987.

In 1989, Pacione moved to Torino in Serie B, winning another Serie B title, and scoring 6 goals in 30 appearances. The following season was less successful; he played for Genoa in Serie A, scoring only 1 goal in 18 appearances. The next season, his performances declined further, and he only made 4 appearances, failing to score a single goal.

In the summer of 1992, Pacione transferred to Serie B side Reggiana, where he once again broke into the starting line-up, helping the club to the Serie B title and Serie A promotion, scoring 7 goals in 32 appearances. He made his last Serie A appearance during the 1993–94 season, later moving to Serie C1 side Mantova in January 1994, where he scored 2 goals in 15 appearances; he retired at the end of the season, at the age of 31. In total, he scored over 70 goals throughout his career; he scored 21 goals in 151 Serie A appearances, and 35 goals in 118 Serie B appearances.

Retirement
Following his retirement, Pacione worked as a team manager for Chievo Verona.

Style of play
A talented striker in his youth, Pacione was mainly known for his physical attributes and combative, tenacious style of play, as well as his ability in the air.

Honours

Club
Atalanta
 Serie B champion: 1983–84.

Juventus
 Serie A champion: 1985–86.
 Intercontinental Cup winner: 1985 (on the roster, but did not play in the game).

Torino
 Serie B champion: 1989–90.

Reggiana
 Serie B champion: 1992–93.

Individual
 Serie B Top-scorer: 1983–84 (15 goals)


Asmik Grigorian

Asmik Grigorian (born May 12, 1981 in Vilnius) is a Lithuanian operatic soprano.

Life and career
In 1999, Asmik Grigorian graduated from National M. K. Čiurlionis School of Art in Vilnius.
She studied music at the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre and graduated from it with a master's degree in 2006. Grigorian debuted in Lithuania, later performed at the Latvian National Opera and the Mariinsky Theater. She is a founding member of Vilnius City Opera and the recipient of the highest Lithuanian theatre award, the  twice, in 2005 and 2010.

Since 2011, Grigorian performed in various opera houses on the international stage. She was first noted in operas by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, performing leading roles, such as Nastasya in The Enchantress at the Theater an der Wien in September 2014 and as Tatiana in Eugene Onegin at the Komische Oper Berlin in 2016.

In May 2016, Grigorian was honored at the International Opera Awards in London as the Best Newcomer ("Young Female Singer"). In December 2016 she performed at the Royal Swedish Opera in the premiere of the opera Fedora by Umberto Giordano in the title role. In her debut at the Salzburg Festival in August 2017, she sang the role of Marie in Alban Berg's opera Wozzeck to critical acclaim. Grigorian was praised as a "superb musician, with deep understanding of Bergian vocal style".

Grigorian will make her Edinburgh International Festival debut in August 2019 when Komische Oper Berlin bring their production of Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin to Edinburgh.

Family
Asmik Grigorian is the daughter of the Armenian tenor Gegham Grigoryan (1951–2016)  and the Lithuanian soprano  (b. 1947), LMTA professor.

From 2000 to 2007 she was married to the opera soloist Giedrius Žalys (b. 1969) (in 2002 she gave birth to a son). In July 2015, she married a Russian theater director Vasily Barchatov (b. 1983) and gave birth to a daughter (b. 2016).

Awards
 Best female singer in International Opera Awards (2019)
 Order for Merits to Lithuania, Knight's Cross (2018)

Discography
 With Dmitri Hvorostovsky: Dmitri Hvorostovsky Sings of War, Peace, Love and Sorrow, as duet partner in War and Peace by Sergey Prokofiev and The Demon by Anton Rubinstein. Delos International, 2016


Saadullah Khan of Rohilkhand

Nawab Sayyid Abdullah Khan Bahadur Rohilla (died 1775) was the third son of Nawab Ali Muhammad Khan of Rohilkhand and succeed his brother to the throne of Rohilkhand.

Life
On his death bed, his father Ali Mohammad Khan Rohilla made his ministers swear oaths on the Quran to respect his will and to act as protectors of his children until they reached maturity. Saadullah Khan, Allah Yar Khan and Muhammad Yar Khan were young children at the time of his passing and the elder two brothers were away, taken as hostages by Ahmed Shah Abidali. Ali Mohammed Khan appointed Hafiz Rehmat Khan as regent of Rohilkhand until either the return of Abdullah Khan or the maturity of Saadullah Khan. However the ministers and regent all renegade on their promises.

After the return of Abdullah Khan, they initially made Saadullah Khan the Nawab of Moradabad but later they orchestrated an argument within the royal family and used it as a pretext to usurp the power and wealth of the orphans. Saadullah Khan was installed as a ruler to replace his elder brother Abdullah Khan, but despite his high spirits he was repeatedly blocked by Hafiz Rehmat Khan's machinations and retired in disgust to Aonla.

He fought with Ahmed Shah Abidali in the Third Panipat War and received by him Jalesar and Faizabad as rewards for his service.


John Abelson

John Norman Abelson (born 1938 in Grand Coulee, Washington) is an American molecular biologist with expertise in biophysics, biochemistry, and genetics. He was a professor at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).

Biography
Abelson graduated in 1960 with a bachelor's degree in physics from Washington State University. He obtained his Ph.D. in biophysics from Johns Hopkins University in 1965. He then did a postdoctoral fellowship in biochemistry at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Molecular Genetics Division, Cambridge, England, where he worked with Sydney Brenner and Francis Crick on the mechanism of nonsense suppressors in E.coli. This work involved both genetics and RNA sequencing (developed at that time by Fred Sanger).

His first faculty position was in the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, San Diego in 1968.

In 1978, Abelson and his colleague Mel Simon founded Agouron Institute, a non-profit research organization that sponsors innovative research in biology. He is the president and executive director of the institute.

The institute has a substantial endowment because it founded a for-profit-company, Agouron Pharmaceuticals, six years later. This company, a pioneer in rational drug design, discovered and brought to market Viracept, a leading drug used for controlling HIV infections. In 1999, the company was bought by Warner Lambert for $2.1 Billion, and in 2000 Warner Lambert was acquired by Pfizer Incorporated. The institute has funded more than $60 million of research in the fields of structural biology, geobiology and microbial ecology.

Abelson was a Guggenheim Fellow for the academic year 1980–1981. In 1982 he joined the faculty at Caltech. He chaired the Division of Biology there and became the George Beadle Professor of Biology in 1991. He retired in 2002 and lives in San Francisco, where he currently works with his wife, Christine Guthrie, a noted RNA biochemist, geneticist and Professor at UCSF.

Abelson was a key figure in the elucidation of RNA splicing, in collaboration with his wife, noted geneticist Christine Guthrie. His work has made possible an understanding of how genomic DNA can be transcribed and the transcripts processed to both messenger RNA and transfer RNA, particularly when there are introns present in the genome. He identified the enzymes that cleave RNA precursors into fragments, and elucidated the mechanisms by which fragments are spliced together to make the functional RNA.

He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1985. The same year Abelson was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is currently an editor of the influential scientific book series, Methods in Enzymology.


Grantown railway station

Grantown railway station or Grantown-on-Spey railway station may refer to:

Grantown-on-Spey (West) railway station, on the Inverness and Perth Junction Railway, then Highland Railway
Grantown-on-Spey (East) railway station, on the Strathspey Railway, then Great North of Scotland Railway


Pristimantis ortizi

Pristimantis ortizi is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae. As currently known, it is endemic to northern Ecuador where it occurs on the Cordillera Oriental in the Carchi, Imbabura, and Napo Provinces, but it is likely to also occur in adjacent Colombia. The specific name ortizi honors Fernando Ortiz-Crespo, a prominent Ecuadorian ornithologist. Common names Ortiz robber frog and Ortiz's robber frog have been proposed for this species.

Description
Adult males measure  and adult females  in snout–vent length. The head is narrower than body and wider than it is long. The tympanum is anteroventrally distinct but otherwise obscured by the supratympanic fold. Fingers have basal webbing and, apart from the first one, expanded discs. All the toes have well-developed discs. Coloration is remarkably variable; the dorsum can be uniform brown or greenish yellow, pale brown with gold specks, or yellow with dark brown marks. Flanks can be brown with white spots, dark grey with greenish yellow spots, or simply yellow.

Habitat and conservation
Pristimantis ortizi occurs in montane evergreen forest, herbaceous or Espeletia pycnophylla ssp. angelensis dominated páramo, secondary montane forest, and agricultural land. Most specimens have been found at night in terrestrial bromeliads, on other plants, or on the ground. Presumably, development is direct (i.e, there is no free-living larval stage). Its elevational range is  above sea level.

This species could be threatened by habitat alteration, but it appears to tolerate some degree of habitat modification. It is probably present in the Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve.


Caerwys F.C.

Caerwys F.C. (Welsh Clwb Pêl Droed Caerwys) is a football club representing the Flintshire town of Caerwys in Wales, and they play their home games at Lon yr Ysgol at Caerwys.

Caerwys currently play in the North East Wales Football League after the reorganisation of the Clwyd League in the 2011–12 season.

History

Located in Flintshire on the border with Denbighshire, Caerwys F.C. was formed at the turn of the century when they were known as Caerwys Town. Unfortunately there are no records of that team apart from a team photo from 1921. It is believed they just played friendly matches until a team apparently joined the Halkyn Mountain League post-war.

In more recent times a team was entered into the Llandyrnog & District Summer League in the late 60s which was originally organised in the 50s for the farming community. Success was achieved in 1971 and 1972 when Caerwys won the League Championship and they boasted a very strong side. They also won the Times Shield, a knockout competition on three occasions in 1970, 1989 & 1990. Large crowds of up to 600 people turned out for those finals, something which is rarely seen at Caerwys these days.

In 1983 a team was entered into Division 3 of the Clwyd League. In those days, there were the likes of Wrexham and Chester Reserves in the Clwyd Premier Division. After a steady rise through the divisions, the team had progressed through to the Clwyd Premier Division under the guidance of Manager Jack Phillips (who had also run the club’s youth team for ten seasons), finishing runners up in 1999–2000 in the Premier Division. Caerwys gained promotion to the Welsh Alliance League, where they remained for eight seasons. The team enjoyed mediocre success but resigned in 2008 to concentrate on putting their financial resources into building a new pavilion, plus the added financial strain of running a team in the W.A.L. For five years the club was sponsored by Les Ward and his container business, Securistore.

In 1998 the club’s veterans over 40s team managed by Steve Griffith and Dave Williams had triumphed in the National UMBRO knockout cup by defeating Bedfordshire based Sandy Albion at Rushden & Diamonds ground. During that spell the club ran five teams at senior level.
The first team had its best spell since promoted to the W.A.L., in 2003–04 when they reached three major cup semi-finals including the Welsh Trophy and the North Wales Challenge Cup under the guidance of Russ Pierce and Mark Speakman and finished mid-table in the League.
In 2006–07 season the first team was taken over by Richie Roberts who was assisted by Mark Speakman. The team finished with their best points tally in 10th spot since joining the Welsh Alliance League, but Roberts, a local farmer, had to put his job first and called it a day. The Reserves were managed by long serving player Matty Peters, who took over when the team dropped down to the Clwyd Premier.

The Veterans team joined the Cheshire Vets League in 2005/06. In their first season they clinched the Division 1 title gaining promotion to the Premier Division. The Vets went on to lift the League Cup and also the Premier Division Title. In 2009–10 the team changed their name coming under the umbrella of Flint Town United as all their matches are played there due to there being no Sunday facilities at Caerwys.

In 2016 the Veterans team was resurrected and reached the final of the North East Wales Cup losing to British Steel at Rhydymwyn.
Dyfan Davies was appointed in 2017 as Manager of the Llandyrnog & District Summer League team which is totally reliant on players residing within the parish due to strict rules which forbid using outside players. Caerwys have been members since 1968.

In 2009 local builder and committee member Shaun Davies began work on the new pavilion. A £30,000 grant was obtained from Flintshire County Council plus £2500 from Caerwys Town Council with the club providing £18,000 from fundraising. This was enough to complete phase one. An additional grant of £26,000 from Cadwyn Clwyd, which the club had to match fund with 30%, saw the completion of phase 2 by 2012.
The Club’s kit used to be sponsored by Shotblast Engineering Services based at Greenfield, who’s owner, Roger Burgess, died on 20 September 2011. The company sponsored the club on and off for 25 years. Since then the club has been sponsored by the Royal Oak, Holywell based ICRGroup for two seasons then local based Thomas Plant Hire since 2015.

Caerwys were promoted from the Clwyd League East at the end of the 2013/14 season into the Welsh National League Division 1. After three seasons in the WNL, the team resigned before the season ended, citing lack of commitment from players combined by a poorly run league, which had seen eight matches called off because of a lack of match officials. The following season 2016–17, Caerwys entered the North East Wales league with local player Nick Voyle appointed as Manager. The team finished tenth, having beaten most of the better sides in the league. 2018–19 started well with the team progressing in two cups but in December 2018, Voyle resigned as Team Manager, citing lack of commitment from players.  Shaun Davies took over as Interim Manager and the team finished the season on a winning run with only one defeat in six matches and that was only due to having no recognised keeper.  The team finished in a creditable fifth spot. The Club were going to apply to the Vale of Clwyd league for season 2019-20 but have now decided to stay where they are under the guidance of Ethan Jones and Jordan Hadaway who will take charge next season.  Caerwys Veterans also finished mid-table in the newly formed North East Wales Vets League which was won by Rhyl.

Their current manager, Jordan Hadaway, is still a teenager and worked his way up from managing in the Caerwys academy, having excelled on the game Football Manager.

Current Squad

External links
Official site
Official FAW page


National Symphony Orchestra (disambiguation)

National Symphony Orchestra is used for the name of many orchestras in different countries.  It may refer to the:

 Danish National Symphony Orchestra, founded 1925
 Estonian National Symphony Orchestra, which can trace its origins back to 1926
 Iraqi National Symphony Orchestra, founded 1970, which can trace its origins back to 1948
 Latvian National Symphony Orchestra
 Lebanese National Symphony Orchestra, founded 1999
 Myanmar National Symphony Orchestra
 National Iranian Symphony Orchestra, founded 1998
 National Symphony Orchestra (Bolivia)
 National Symphony Orchestra of Colombia, the re-establishment in 2004 of an orchestra founded in 1952
 National Symphony Orchestra of Costa Rica, founded 1940
 National Symphony Orchestra of Cuba, traces its origins to the latter 18th Century, formalized in the early 1920s
 National Symphony Orchestra (Dominican Republic), founded 1941
 National Symphony Orchestra of Ecuador
 National Symphony Orchestra Ghana
 RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra of Ireland, founded 1947, adopted present name 1989
 National Symphony Orchestra of London, plays mostly popular music rather than classical, began in the 1940s
 National Symphony Orchestra (Malaysia)
 National Symphony Orchestra (Mexico), present form since 1946, can trace its origins to 1881
 National Symphony Orchestra (Peru), founded 1938
 National Symphony Orchestra of Polish Radio
 National Symphony Orchestra of the South African Broadcasting Corporation
 National Symphony Orchestra (Taiwan), founded 1986
 National Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine
 National Symphony Orchestra (United States), founded 1931
 The Syrian National Symphony Orchestra, Damascus, Syria


Songs for Eleonor

Songs for Eleonor, or SFE, is an electropop, New Folk, Emotional Melody band founded in Mexico City. SFE was formed during the last months of 2005 by Karen Ruiz, of British Mother and Mexican father, and Andrés Almeida.   Their first album Songs for Eleonor was released with the support of their Mexican based label Discos Tormento in December 2008.

History
Songs for Eleonor was formed in Mexico City in 2005. The founding members were Karen Ruiz and Andrés Almeida. Karen Ruiz attended Emerson College where she studied Audio Production. After living in Los Angeles and Japan for a few years Karen went back to Mexico City and started to participate in different music projects such as Normal & Moodo and Metrika. She worked with Yamil Rezc as well and also participated in videos and did backup vocals for the Electro Rock band María Daniela y su Sonido Lasser and the punk band Jessy Bulbo.  On present day Ruiz has parallel to SFE an Electro Cumbia band called Sonido Desconocido II. Karen has also lent her voice for various cinematographic productions such as Moyana and Luna both finalists in the 25th Guadalajara International Film Festival; her voice also gave life to Moni a character in Mexican artist Pedro Reyes’ video installation called Baby Marx.

Andrés Almeida also has a parallel band named Sonido Trucha. Almeida is a musician and also an actor. He started his musical career when he was fourteen focusing mainly on percussion. When he turned eightenn he started to study “la tabla” with Arturo Rivera. As a musical producer he released two independent albums: Caleta Celestial and Natural Landscapes. Some of the tracks included in those albums where later included in the Electronic Latin Freaks compilation published by the Spanish label Subterfuge Records. In movies Andrés had his debut in 1997 and from then on he continuously appeared on different film productions some of which were Y tu mamá también, Cabecitas and 40 días. In television he was part of the Terminales and Los Simuladores series’ cast.

In 2007 the band was joined by Mexican native Fausto Palma.  Fausto started his musical career when he was fifteen; he studied classical guitar. At twenty one  Fausto travelled to Holland and India to study Hindi classical music with the Sarangi. He also studied the Oud in Cairo’s opera in Egypt. In 2004 he returned to Mexico and founded the band Petra (which has released four albums). Simultaneously he formed the band Ghazali. Between 1998 and 2003 Fausto and Andrés collaborated in different musical projects.

Since the beginning of 2010 there have been two additional guests: drummer Rodrigo Barbosa (also drummer of Paté de Fuá and Los Dorados) and bassist Rodrigo Valenzuela, former Aguakate’s band member.

Songs for Eleonor has performed live in different music festivals such as Mutek 2007, SXSW 2009 and Festival de Música Diego Rivera 2009. Likewise they have shared stages with bands like Mercury Rev, Ulrich Schnauss, Circlesquare, Tijuko, Noriko and Natalia Lafourcade. In May 2010 they played as the opening band for the Beach House concert that took place in the Lunario in Mexico City; in November 2010 they also opened for Architecture in Helsinki, concert which took place in Plaza Condesa in Mexico City.

In 2010 Songs for Eleonor was nominated, thanks to their EP Casi, to best album Dance / Electro in the fourth edition of the Indie-O Music Awards. During the ceremony Karen Ruiz performed, along with Carla Morrison (who substituted Natalia Lafourcade), Juan Manuel Torreblanca and Andrea Balency among others, the closing act in which they made a tribute to different Mexican musicians.

Discography

Albums
Songs for Eleonor (2008)

EPs
Something About You (2009)
CASI (2010)

Singles
Soplo del Mar (2012)
Tienes Miedo (2010)

Videos
Soplo del Mar (2012). Directed y edited by Leonel Fernández. Photography: Leonel Fernández y Alex Fenton
Plant a Seed (2010). Video directed by Azul Violeta Bermejo.
Tell Me (2010). Video directed by Azul Violeta Bermejo.
Something About You (2009). Video directed by Iván Krassoievitch and Gisselle Elias Karam.
I Think I'm in Love (2008). Director: Leandro Cordova Lucas. Photography: Herbert Sebastian Hofmann.
Cross My Heart (2008). Video directed by Gisselle Elias Karam.


Fool's Gold (Jill Barber album)

Fool's Gold is Canadian singer-songwriter Jill Barber's seventh album, released June 17, 2014.

Track listing


Thabang Stemmer

Thabang Stemmer (born 18 August 1979) is an ex South African international footballer who played for Bloemfontein Celtic, as a goalkeeper.

Career
Stemmer has previously played club football with Orlando Pirates, Mabopane Young Masters, Black Leopards and SuperSport United.

Stemmer made his international debut for South Africa in 2005.

Name change
Stemmer was previously known as Thabang Radebe.


Vadim Morozov

Vadim Nikolayevich Morozov (Russian: Вадим Николаевич Морозов; born in 24 June 1954), is a Russian politician, magazine writer, and businessman. He is a senior advisor to the President of JSC "Russian Railways", a member of the board of the company. He was formerly the first vice-president of Russian Railways from 2005 to 2015, who was responsible for the operational management of the company. He was the last railway minister in 2004, and in specialty, he was a railway engineer on the operation of the railways.

Career
Vadim Morozov was born on June 24, 1954 in the city of Volkhov, Leningrad Oblast.

He began his career in 1971 as a mechanic locomotive depot Volkhovstroy 1 October Railway. In 1977 he graduated from the Leningrad Institute of Railway Engineers. After graduation he continued to work on the road, where he rose from duty on a hill to the head of the road. From 1977 to 1997 he worked at the Oktyabrskaya railway. In 1998 he was deputy chairman of the Leningrad Region Legislative Assembly. From 1998 to 1999 he was the first deputy chief of the South-Eastern Railway. From May 1999 to May 2000 he worked as Deputy Minister of Railways. From 2000 to 2002 he was the First Deputy Head of the Moscow Railway. From February 2002 - 22 September 2003  he was the First Deputy Ministry of Railways. September 23, 2003 appointed the MEA obligations. On October 7, 2003 Morozov was approved as Minister of Railways of the Russian Federation.

On March 9, 2004, Vladimir Putin signed a decree "On the system and structure of federal bodies of executive power", according to which the Ministry of Railways of the Russian Federation posts have been abolished.

Since July 2004, - the executive director of the non-state pension fund "Welfare" (pensions of employees of JSC "Russian Railways"). On August 17, 2005 he was appointed First Vice-President of JSC "Russian Railways". In terms of the monthly fee Morozov has in this post is from 4 to 6 million rubles per month.

In 1998, he was at the forefront of an illustrated magazine "RZD-Partner". He was chairman of the Editorial Board.

On June 29, 2009, he promoted the Moscow football club FC Lokomotiv to the Board of Directors.

Since 2011, he is co-chairman of the JSC "Russian Railways" together with the Moscow Government working group on the reconstruction and organization of passenger traffic on the small ring of the Moscow railway.

Shortly after the arrival of the new president of the Russian Railways Oleg Belozyorov, Morozov, at his own request, was dismissed by the board of directors from office. He remained on the board of Russian Railways as a senior advisor to the president.

Commenting on Morozov's resignation, Belozyorov noted his professional qualities, but stressed the fundamental differences of opinion on management decisions.  Followed by Morozov in September 2016, he became the chief editor of the newspaper "Gudok" left his protégé Aleksandr Retyunin.

Awards
Medal "for the development of railways" (2007)
Honorary Badge "For merits in development of JSC" Russian Railways "degree (2015)


Longleaf, Louisiana

Longleaf is an unincorporated community in Rapides Parish, Louisiana, United States. Its ZIP code is 71448.

Notes


Light Miniature Aircraft

Light Miniature Aircraft was an American aircraft manufacturer based in Okeechobee, Florida. The company specialized in the design of ultralight aircraft and supplied plans for amateur construction.

The company seems to have gone out of business about 2010, but Wicks Aircraft continues to provide kits for the designs.

Products
The company's LM-1, 2 and 3 family of aircraft were designed in the mid-1980s during the initial ultralight boom. At the time many pilots did not find the typical early "flying lawnchair" ultralights confidence inspiring or appealing. The company's designs were intended to fit the same FAR Part 103 rules, including its  empty weight, but provide aircraft that look and fly like a traditional light aircraft. However, many of the designs result in completed aircraft that are heavier than the US ultralight rule empty weight limit.

The LM-1 family of designs are built from wood, or optionally 4130 steel tube and finished with doped aircraft fabric covering. The completion involves minor changes in the cowling, window and tail shapes to make them resemble well-known light aircraft designs. The first in the series, the LM-1 is a single seat 75-85% scale replica of a Piper J-3 Cub and was first flown in 1985. The LM-2 is a single or two seat 75% scale replica of a Taylorcraft B, while the LM-3 is a single seat 75% scale replica of an Aeronca Champ. The follow-on Light Miniature Aircraft LM-5 is a full-sized tandem two-seat replica of the Piper PA-18 Super Cub.

The LM-J3-W is a full-sized two-seat J-3 Cub replica, while the LM-TC-W is a full-sized two-seats in side-by-side configuration Taylorcraft replica, both rendered in wood and fabric.

Aircraft


Tau Kappa Epsilon

Tau Kappa Epsilon (ΤΚΕ), commonly known as TKE or Teke, is a social college fraternity founded on January 10, 1899, at Illinois Wesleyan University. The organization has chapters throughout the United States and Canada, making it an international organization. As of fall 2017 there were 246 active TKE chapters and colonies. In 1928 TKE became one of the first fraternities to ban hazing, and also never had a racially exclusive policy for membership.

History

Founding

On January 10, 1899, Charles Roy Atkinson, Clarence Arthur Mayer, James Carson McNutt, Joseph Lorenzo Settles, and Owen Ison Truitt met at 504 East Locust Street in Bloomington, Illinois to draw up the first constitution for a new fraternity at Illinois Wesleyan University. The purpose of the new organization was to be an "aid to college men in mental, moral and social development". The founders sought to be a different organization than the other fraternities at the time by establishing a fraternity where membership would be based on personal worth and character rather than wealth, rank, or honor. Mental development would be emphasized by the study of classic literature at weekly meetings, and thus the new fraternity became known as the Knights of Classic Lore. The first public announcement of the Knights of Classic Lore appeared in the February 1, 1899 issue of the Argus, which is the student publication of Illinois Wesleyan University.

During formation, the Knights of Classic Lore were trying to get the Illinois Epsilon chapter of Phi Delta Theta restored. Prominent Phi Delt alumnus Richard Henry Little became a persistent sponsor for the Knights to petition Phi Delta Theta for a charter. The Knights first petitioned Phi Delta Theta at its 1902 convention in New York, but efforts were unsuccessful. After renting rooms at several locations beginning in the spring of 1899, the Knights of Classic Lore finally acquired its first fraternity house, known as The Wilder Mansion, in September 1902. Simultaneously with the acquisition of the new house, the Knights also adopted the name Tau Kappa Epsilon. The change in name was expected to create a better impression in future petitions to Phi Delta Theta. The second petition was presented at the Indianapolis convention of 1904, but it was withdrawn in an effort to gain unanimous support of all chapters in Phi Delta Theta's Zeta Province, which included Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. If this support was achieved, then the charter would be granted to the group without any action from the convention. The Knights of Classic Lore gained the support of all Phi Delta Theta groups in the province, except for Wisconsin Alpha, Illinois Beta, and Missouri Alpha. The Knights in turn unsuccessfully presented the petition at the 1906 convention in Washington, D.C. During the continuing struggle for acceptance from Phi Delta Theta, TKE continued to grow stronger in its own existence.

In late 1907, TKE was preparing to petition Phi Delta Theta once again at the 1908 convention when an event took place that would forever change the course of history for the fraternity. At the annual initiation banquet on October 19, 1907, speeches were made that both advocated and questioned the continued petitioning of Phi Delta Theta. At the banquet, Wallace G. McCauley delivered a blistering speech known as "Opportunity Out of Defeat". The powerful address called for an abandonment of the petitioning initiative and a new campaign to make TKE into a national fraternity itself. While there was some opposition at the time, the movement ultimately took hold, and by 1908, TKE was well on its way to becoming a national fraternity in its own right. The speech was published in the first issue of The Teke in January 1908, and by November of that year, work was beginning on a new constitution. At the chapter meeting held on Monday, February 15, 1909, the new constitution became official. The first Conclave of the Grand Chapter of the new national fraternity of Tau Kappa Epsilon convened on February 17, 1909.

Expansion
In 1909, TKE approached the Chi Rho Sigma Fraternity at Millikin University. There were no national fraternities at Millikin at this time, and TKE had just established its intentions to become a national fraternity. Representatives from TKE presented their case, and after thorough consideration, Chi Rho Sigma voted to accept TKE's offer. On April 17, 1909, Chi Rho Sigma was installed as the Beta Chapter of TKE. In November 1911, the Beta Rho Delta Fraternity was founded at the University of Illinois. ΒΡΔ petitioned Tau Kappa Epsilon in January 1912, and they were installed as the Gamma Chapter of TKE on February 3, 1912. Following the installation of the Gamma Chapter, The Teke magazine noted that the triangle was completed. The geographic location of TKE's first three chapters form a perfect equilateral triangle. The equilateral triangle was at that time, and continues to be, the primary symbol of Tau Kappa Epsilon.

The national fraternity Sigma Mu Sigma merged with TKE in March 1935. The merger resulted in the new Alpha-Pi Chapter of TKE at George Washington University and additional members for the Gamma Chapter at the University of Illinois and the Alpha-Zeta Chapter at Purdue University.

Prior to 1939, TKE chapters were installed after local fraternities petitioned TKE for approval. In 1939, a colonization process was established to promote expansion and to ensure that potential chapters met all necessary requirements prior to installation. The first two TKE colonies were the Eta Colony at the University of Kansas and the Chi Beta Colony at the University of Missouri.

Tau Kappa Epsilon expanded for the first time into the Deep South region of the United States in 1946. This expansion was made possible when Alpha Lambda Tau, a small predominantly Southern national fraternity, announced its dissolution. Five of Alpha Lambda Tau's eight active chapters affiliated with TKE, resulting in new TKE chapters at the University of Maryland, North Carolina State University, Auburn University, Louisiana Polytechnic Institute, and Tri-State College.

Presidential recognition
On January 20, 1981, Tau Kappa Epsilon member Ronald Reagan was sworn in as the 40th President of the United States. Reagan joined TKE at the Iota Chapter at Eureka College in 1929. Through his time as President of the United States, Reagan remained actively involved in Tau Kappa Epsilon.

In 1983, President Reagan created the Ronald Reagan Leadership Award to recognize selected student members of TKE that have demonstrated superior academic and leadership accomplishments.

In March 1984, President Reagan sponsored a TKE alumni luncheon at the White House. Approximately 60 members of TKE were invited to the White House luncheon. At the luncheon, Reagan was awarded TKE's Order of the Golden Eagle and the Gold Medal of the North-American Interfraternity Conference (NIC) recognizing his lifelong efforts to support and promote college fraternities. Reagan was the first Teke and first U.S. President to receive the Gold Medal of the NIC.

During the Spring Quarter of 1985 at the Alpha-Omega Chapter (UCLA), Frater Reagan was hosted to an informal reception by the Chapter's active members. There was no pre-screening of the house or its members by the Secret Service.  Photos were taken to commemorate the event and the meeting was both up-building to the Chapter and to Frater Reagan. Coincidentally and as of June 2010, the brand-new UCLA Medical Center was named in his honor (Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center), a leading teaching and research hospital, and is a stone's throw from the Chapter house.

In October 1984, President Reagan attended lunch at the TKE house at the Ohio State University. The Ohio State Chapter hosted President Reagan for lunch following a rally in which he was speaking at Ohio State.

In June 1988, President Reagan hosted a special TKE ceremony in the Oval Office of the White House in which he presented the Ronald Reagan Leadership Award/Scholarship to TKE member Alan Friel. During the ceremony at the White House, President Reagan was presented with TKE's Order of the Silver Maple Leaf by TKE Grand Prytanis Bruce Melchert.

Symbols and traditions

Apollo
The mythological ideal or patron of Tau Kappa Epsilon is Apollo, an important and complex Olympian deity in Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo is the Greek god of music and culture, of light and truth, the ideals toward which the organization strives for in their development of manhood.

Badge

The official membership badge, made of gold and adorned with three white pearls, is by far the most important item of TKE insignia in general use. This badge may be worn only by initiated members. Jeweled badges, crown set with pearls, diamonds, rubies or emeralds, according to choice, may be worn by alumni members. Frequently the standard membership badge is used as a token of engagement. Miniature badges are also available for mothers, sisters, wives, chapter sweethearts or for engagement purposes. The TKE 'badge of gold,' unique in its design and distinctiveness, has never been changed since its adoption.

Red carnation
The red carnation is the flower of the fraternity. From this flower the color for the coat-of-arms, flag, and other symbols are derived. Red carnations are also worn at TKE banquets. The Red Carnation Ball is a dance that many chapters celebrate, and is named after the flower.

Coat-of-arms
The coat-of-arms may be used only by official members of the Fraternity on stationery, jewelry, and other personal effects. Modified slightly several times during the early years of Tau Kappa Epsilon, the present Coat-of-Arms, adopted in 1926, was designed by Dr. Carlton B. Pierce and Ms. Emily Butterfield.

Flag

The present design of the TKE flag, as adopted at the 1961 Conclave, features five voided triangles, in cherry red, on a gray bend surmounting a cherry field. Because it is patterned after the shield of the fraternity Coat-of-Arms, the flag is readily associated with Tau Kappa Epsilon. Individual chapters may also purchase and use pennants and wall banners of various designs. These usually employ the name or Greek letters of the fraternity and chapter, and may incorporate the basic TKE insignia. TKE insignia may be purchased only from the Offices of the Grand Chapter or a merchant licensed by the fraternity headquarters.

The Horseshoe
In April 1921, members of the Fraternity at The Ohio State University made their way to the Conclave in Madison, Wisconsin. At the conclusion of the vote granting their charter as the Omicron Chapter, one of the members pulled from the pocket of his pants a rusty horseshoe which the fraters had picked up along the way. Believing that the horseshoe had granted the chapter good luck, the tradition began to pass the horseshoe down to each chapter. The original horseshoe was lost during World War II at the Alpha-Chi Chapter (University of Louisville), but it was replaced with a new horseshoe to continue the tradition.

In mid-1995, the original horseshoe was discovered by Past Grand Prytanis Rodney Williams among some artifacts belonging to the Alpha-Chi Chapter, which had been held for years by a charter member of the chapter. At the 49th Biennial Conclave, the original TKE horseshoe from the Omicron Chapter was displayed, and the story behind its loss explained.

The horseshoe, now an adopted symbol, is traditionally displayed on a plaque given to new chapters at their founding.

The Sweetheart Song
The tradition of singing a Sweetheart Song to a fraternity's sweetheart is one shared by most fraternities. TKE is rare in that it has three different Sweetheart Songs (Sweetheart of T.K.E., Iota Sweetheart Song, and the Old Sweetheart Song). The Old Sweetheart Song was started at the Alpha-Xi Chapter (Drake University) in Des Moines, Iowa.

International officers

Current officers
The following table lists the current Grand Council officers and members, which were elected at the Fraternity's 59th Conclave in New Orleans for a 2-year term. The Collegiate Advisory Committee (CAC) and its chairman are active undergraduate members appointed by the TKE CEO and approved by several past Grand Prytani (Grand Presidents) to act as advisers to the Grand Council with the chairman serving on the Grand Council.

Past Grand Prytani
Every Grand Prytanis, or Grand President, serves for a two-year term after being elected at Conclave. However, early fraternity elections were yearly and some elections were irregular or interrupted, such as during the two World Wars. Previous Grand Prytani are listed below.

 Lester H. Martin (1909–1910), (1910–1911)
 William Wilson (1911–1912), (1912–1913)
 L.W. Tuesberg (1913–1914), (1914–1915)
 Lyle F. Straight (1915–1916), (1916–1917)
 Oscar G. Hoose (1917–1918)
 Harrold P. Flint (1918–1919), (1919–1920), (1920–1921)
 W.D. Reeve (1921–1922), (1922–1923)
 Philip H. McGrath (1923–1924), (1924–1926)
 Miles Gray (1926–1928)
 Milton M. Olander (1928–1930)
 Eugene C. Beach (1930–1935)
 Don A. Fisher (1935–1937)
 Clarence E. Smith (1937–1939)
 Herbert Helble (1939–1941)
 L.W. Tuesberg (1941–1942)
 Charles E. Nieman (1942–1944)
 R.C. Williams (1944–1947), (1947–1949)
 Leland F. Leland (1949–1951)
 Sophus C. Goth (1951–1953)
 James C. Logan (1953–1955), (1955–1957)
 Frank B. Scott (1957–1959)
 Don Kaser (1959–1961), (1961–1963)
 J. Russel Salsbury (1963–1965), (1965–1966)
 Donald H. Becker (1966–1967), (1967–1969), (1969–1971)
 Lenwood S. Cochran (1971–1973)
 William A. Quallich (1973–1975)
 William H. Wisdom (1975–1977)
 William V. Muse (1977–1979)
 Rodney Williams, Jr. (1979–1981)
 John A. Courson (1981–1983)
 Dwayne R. Woerpel (1983–1985)
 Joel E. Johnson (1985–1987)
 Bruce B. Melchert (1987–1989)
 James S. Margolin (1989–1991)
 Robert J. Borel (1991–1993)
 John R. Fisher (1993–1995)
 Thomas M. Castner (1995–1997)
 Gary A. LaBranche (1997–1999)
 Lon G. Justice (1999–2001)
 Robert D. Planck (2001–2003)
 Mark C. Romig (2003–2005)
 Mark A. Fite (2005–2007)
 Mark K. Johnson (2007–2009)
 Herbert L. Songer (2009–2011)
 Edmund C. Moy (2011–2013)
 Bob Barr (2013–2015)
 Rodney G. Talbot (2015–2017)

Controversies

2019
The University of Georgia chapter was suspended after a video surfaced of members using racial slurs and mocking slavery.

The Oregon State University chapter was suspended following an investigation on several reported hazing incidents. While the fraternity house was left vacant, the Corvallis police arrested two people found in the house on charges of first degree burglary, theft of services, second degree criminal mischief and unlawful possession of methamphetamine.

2018
The University of Nevada-Reno chapter was suspended for one year following information of its membership songs that promote violence toward women and other fraternity men on campus.

The Ohio State University chapter was suspended for three years after a thorough investigation found the chapter guilty of hazing, endangering behavior, and improper use of alcohol.

2017
The Florida International University chapter was suspended for two years after a thorough investigation found the chapter of Tau Kappa Epsilon had violated the University’s student code of conduct, following the release of screenshots depicting “inappropriate content” in the group’s TKE private chat, where the fraternity’s group chat revealed photos of nude women, which had been shared without their consent, and offensive statements including Holocaust memes, jokes about rape and pedophilia and conversations about drug sales. The fraternity also got in trouble for hosting a tailgate party where a minor was served alcohol. As a result Florida International University enacted a month-long suspension of all fraternities and sororities on campus, while the administration reformed the policies concerning Greek Life.

2016
The Towson University chapter was suspended after WBAL News Radio reported that a student was "forced to eat cat food and a liquid he was told was vinegar and pickle juice by members of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity" and that "the student started vomiting blood hours later and was taken to a nearby hospital later that day".

The Florida State University chapter was suspended for hazing and misconduct violations. The pledges were forced to participate in a hazing activity called "Old South" where pledges acted like slaves in blackface while serving drinks to members. Also the pledges were twice blindfolded and dropped off hours away from campus without their wallets and cellphones and then told to find their way back to campus.

The University of Maryland chapter was kicked off campus due to the distribution of a video showing disturbing hazing rituals.

2015
The Northwest Missouri State University chapter had a member arrested and charged with first degree rape of a female student at the fraternity house on campus. The chapter was placed on suspension for the incident.

The California State University, Northridge chapter was kicked off campus until July 2018 due to hazing and sexual misconduct.

The Quinnipiac University chapter was kicked off campus due to serious allegations of hazing.

2014
The Arizona State University chapter was expelled by the university after photos surfaced of a racially themed "MLK Black Party" on Martin Luther King Jr. Day holiday weekend, although it later surfaced that the event was not planned by members of the fraternity. The party included guests wearing basketball jerseys, flashing gang signs, and drinking from watermelon cups. The school's decision to ban the chapter was also because the TKE chapter had recently been placed on probation after two members of the fraternity pleaded guilty to the aggravated assault of a student from another fraternity. The national fraternity issued an apology and condemned the event but insisted that the party was "without malice or forethought", that there were fewer than 30 men and women at the event which didn't meet Arizona State IFC guidelines for an official fraternity function, and that the ASU chapter was one of the most "multi-cultural social fraternities" at the university.

The Rowan University chapter had two men suspended for an illicit sex tape recorded in the fraternity house that was leaked to the public.

The California State University San Marcos chapter was suspended after several different complaints of sexual assault and date rape were made against the fraternity.

The University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee chapter was suspended after several women accused the fraternity of drugging and raping them at the fraternity house. One fraternity member was arrested for possession of illegal drugs.

The Johnson & Wales University chapter had a former pledge sue the fraternity after a brutal hazing ritual that left him hospitalized for over a month. He was branded, urinated on by members, paddled, deprived of sleep, forced to exercise, forced to swim in his own vomit, and asked to participate in a host of many other demeaning activities. He was the only remaining pledge after the rest of his pledge class dropped due to abuse and harassment perpetuated by members of the fraternity.

2013
The American University chapter was disciplined for forcing pledges to binge drink, smoke marijuana, and perform various humiliating tasks.

The Arizona State University chapter was placed on probation after 20 TKE members attacked three members of the Delta Kappa Epsilon (DKE) fraternity. One DKE member was beaten so badly that he had to be transferred to an emergency room with a concussion and broken jaw.

2012
The Butler University chapter was shut down and placed on probation for an undisclosed period of time. School administrators at the time did not release a reason for the chapter's closure.

2011
The Radford University chapter made national headlines after a pledge died partaking in a drinking hazing ritual. Six members of the fraternity were arrested and charged for his death.

The Whitman College chapter was publicly accused of abusing and mistreating pledges by a former pledge. The former pledge stated that misconduct by the fraternity was the reason why many members of his pledge class quit the fraternity.

Pre-2011
In 2000, the San Diego State University chapter was expelled for four years after a drinking hazing ritual hospitalized a pledge with alcohol poisoning.

In 1996, the La Salle University chapter was suspended after a group from the chapter assaulted members of the Phi Kappa Theta fraternity. The TKE chapter's charter was subsequently revoked.

Notable alumni

Chapters and colonies

Tau Kappa Epsilon is also affiliated with the German fraternity system known as the Corps of the Weinheimer Senioren-Convent (WSC). The WSC serves as an umbrella organization for 60 student Corps at 22 cities all over Germany. In furtherance of this International fraternal friendship, Past Executive Vice President Timothy J. Murphy became part of Corps Franconia Darmstadt (Darmstadt Technical University) receiving the status of "Inhaber der Corpsschleife" (IdC), a rarity for a foreign national. He has since spoken at fraternity congresses and gatherings in Weinheim and Würzburg, Germany.

Publications

The Teke
The Teke is the award-winning official quarterly publication for undergraduate and alumni brothers of Tau Kappa Epsilon. The magazine features in-depth articles related to topics of interest for TKE members, including chapter news, alumni news, service and foundation annual reports, and articles relating to leadership, professional development, chapter operations, and of general interest to the fraternal world. On October 19, 1907, Wallace G. McCauley delivered his "Opportunity out of Defeat" speech at the annual initiation banquet of the fraternity, and not only did this speech mark the decision to become a national fraternity, but it also marked the beginning of the official magazine of TKE. In the speech, McCauley stated, "Then let us issue a magazine, quarterly as first, name it The Teke, make it attractive and artistic in form." The Teke magazine first appeared in January 1908. The first edition was a 20-page booklet of 7 by 10 inches bound with a gray cover and the title The Teke within a red triangle. Illustrations and photos were first used in Volume II, No. 2 of The Teke. The magazine expanded to the 8.5 by 11.5 inch size in 1935. The Teke was suspended in the 1990s amid financial difficulties for the fraternity, but it was re-established in 1999.

The Teke Guide
The pledge manual of Tau Kappa Epsilon is known as The Teke Guide. Development on the manual began in 1927, and The Teke Guide was first published in 1935. The book was developed to acquaint pledges of TKE with the history, government, organization, idealism, functions, aspirations, and traditions of Tau Kappa Epsilon. The Teke Guide was the first fraternity pledge manual to use a two color printing process. The original book was designed, compiled, and edited by Grand Histor Leland F. Leland. Through the 1950s, The Teke Guide was a spiral bound book of nearly 150 pages. The book was rich with illustrations, including photos of all TKE chapter houses. In 1966, a new hard cover version of The Teke Guide debuted; however, the new version contained significantly reduced content and very few photos. By the 1980s, The Teke Guide had been reduced to a soft cover magazine-like format. The hard cover format returned again by the 1990s, and over the next few years an effort was made to restore the in-depth historical content and photographs that had been stripped from previous versions in order to make the book more of a permanent TKE reference manual for the life of each member. In 2007, the first edition to be printed in full color was issued.


Barratry (common law)

Barratry ( ) is a legal term with several meanings. In common law, barratry is the offense committed by people who are "overly officious in instigating or encouraging prosecution of groundless litigation" or who bring "repeated or persistent acts of litigation" for the purposes of profit or harassment.

Although it remains a crime in some jurisdictions, barratry has frequently been abolished as being anachronistic and obsolete.

If barratrous litigation is deemed to be for the purpose of silencing critics, it is known as a strategic lawsuit against public participation (SLAPP). Jurisdictions that otherwise have no barratry laws may have SLAPP laws.

In admiralty law, barratry  is misconduct by the master or crew of a vessel against the shipowner (or demise charterer), such misconduct damaging the ship or its cargo.

Barratry by country

Australia
In Australia, the term barratry is predominantly used in the first sense of a frivolous or harassing litigant. The concept has fallen into disuse in Australia.

New South Wales
The offence of being a common barrator was abolished in New South Wales by Section 4A of the Maintenance, Champerty and Barratry Abolition Act 1993.

Canada
In Canada, barratry, alongside all common law offences except contempt of court, were abolished by the 1953 consolidation of the Criminal Code.

United Kingdom

England and Wales
In England and Wales the common law offence of being a common barrator was abolished by section 13(1)(a) of the Criminal Law Act 1967.

History

Being a common barrator was an offence under the common law of England. It was classified as a misdemeanor. It consisted of "persistently stirring up quarrels in the Courts or out of them". It is uncertain whether, in the ordinary way, persons charged with commission of the offence were dealt with by indictment.

There were two such cases tried at the Old Bailey, one in 1735 and the other in 1741. In both cases, the finding was not guilty.

In 1966, the Law Commission recommended for the offence to be abolished. It said that there had been no indictments for this offence for "many years" and that, as an indictable misdemeanor, it was "wholly obsolete". Its recommendation was implemented by the Criminal Law Act 1967.

Scotland
In Scots law, barratry referred to the crime committed by a judge who is induced by bribery to pronounce judgment.

United States
Several jurisdictions in the United States have declared barratry (in the sense of a frivolous or harassing litigant) to be a crime as part of their tort reform efforts. For example, in the U.S. states of California, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington, barratry is a misdemeanor. In Texas, barratry is a misdemeanor on the first conviction, but a felony on subsequent convictions.

 California Penal Code Section 158: "Common barratry is the practice of exciting groundless judicial proceedings, and is punishable by imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months and by fine not exceeding one thousand dollars ($1,000)."
 California Penal Code Section 159: "No person can be convicted of common barratry except upon proof that he has excited suits or proceedings at law in at least three instances, and with a corrupt or malicious intent to vex and annoy."
 Revised Code of Washington 9.12.010: "Every person who brings on his or her own behalf, or instigates, incites, or encourages another to bring, any false suit at law or in equity in any court of this state, with intent thereby to distress or harass a defendant in the suit, or who serves or sends any paper or document purporting to be or resembling a judicial process, that is not in fact a judicial process, is guilty of a misdemeanor; and in case the person offending is an attorney, he or she may, in addition thereto be disbarred from practicing law within this state."
 Virginia laws on barratry, champerty, and maintenance were overturned by the Supreme Court of the United States in NAACP v. Button 371 U.S. 415 (1963).
 Vermont Statutes Title 13, § 701: "A person who is a common barrator shall be fined not more than $50.00 and become bound with sufficient surety for his or her good behavior for not less than one year."

Other

In his Inferno, Canto XXI, Dante places barrators in the Eighth Circle, fifth bolgia of Hell.


Bernadette Meehan

Bernadette Meehan (born 1975) is the Chief International Officer for the Obama Foundation. She is a former American diplomat and former spokesperson for the United States National Security Council.

Early life and education

Meehan was raised in Pleasantville, New York and graduated from Kennedy Catholic High School in Somers. She attended Boston College, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science. After graduation she worked as a financial analyst on Wall Street, first as a Vice President at JPMorgan Chase in Private Banking and later as a Vice President of Asset Management at Lehman Brothers. Although she enjoyed her career in finance, she was always drawn to foreign affairs.

Career

Meehan joined the Department of State as a Foreign Service Officer in 2004, and began her new career as a Consular Officer at the U.S. embassy in Bogota, Colombia. While assigned to Colombia, she survived a kidnapping by armed men in Bogota in April 2006.

Meehan served in Colombia for two years before volunteering to serve in Iraq. She worked at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad from 2006 to 2007 as a Consular Officer, and for several months as Special Assistant to Ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad. While serving in Iraq she was wounded by a rocket fired by an Iran-backed militia.

In September 2007 Meehan left Iraq to study Arabic at the Department of State's Foreign Service Institute in Virginia to prepare for her next tour as the Public Affairs Officer at the U.S. Consulate General in Dubai in the United Arab Emirates. Her job in Dubai was three-fold: to explain U.S. foreign policy to the local population; to promote the culture of the United States; and to enable exchange programs between Americans and Emiratis, such as the Fulbright Program and International Visitor Leadership Program.

Meehan was selected in 2007 as a Powell Fellow, recognized as one of the 12 most promising future leaders in the Department of State.

In 2010 Meehan returned to Washington DC to work as a State Department Line Officer, advancing then US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton’s overseas travel, as well as traveling with Clinton as a member of the “Plane Team” that prepared the Secretary of State's briefing papers on foreign trips. Meehan worked as a Line Officer for ten months when she was invited to become one of Clinton’s two Special Assistants.

In 2012, Meehan joined the National Security Council, and in 2014 Meehan became the Spokeswoman for the National Security Council (NSC). She oversaw the NSC's responses on issues ranging from Asia to Cuba, but specialized in the Middle East and was central to the White House's press strategy on the Iran nuclear talks. Working with Deputy National Security Advisor Ben Rhodes, Meehan was central to the development of the White House's strategy for explaining the Iran nuclear deal to the public  and the President's actions to chart a new course in U.S. relations with Cuba. Meehan justified the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen as having been requested by Yemen's exiled President Hadi.

Meehan left the White House to become an adjunct professor and resident fellow at Georgetown University’s Institute for the Study of Diplomacy in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. Halfway through her year at Georgetown, she was recalled to the White House National Security Council to oversee the planning for President Obama's historic trip to Havana, Cuba, drawing on her past experience working on the diplomatic opening with Cuba. According to The New York Times, her appointment to this position reflected the importance the President put on the trip and the complicated nature of planning the visit.

Meehan now serves as the Chief International Officer at the Obama Foundation. In this role she is responsible for developing and overseeing all international programs for The Obama Foundation, including the Obama Foundation Scholars and the Leaders Africa program. She previously served as the Foundation's Executive Director of International Programming.

Meehan serves on the Board of Advisors for Georgetown University's Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, within the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. The board represents a cross-section of distinguished individuals who, through accomplishments and standing in their career fields related to the mission of the Institute and the advancement and study of diplomacy, provide guidance on and support to the programs and activities of the Institute, and advise the director and staff on matters of policy and program development in order to strengthen the Institute.

Personal
Meehan is married to Evan S. Medeiros, the former Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Asian Affairs at the White House’s National Security Council (NSC) under President Obama, and current Penner Family Chair in Asian Studies at Georgetown University.


The Department of Contemporary History of the University of Vienna (German: ) is a scientific institution for the study of contemporary history. The headquarters of the institute is on the campus of the University of Vienna in the Alsergrund district of Vienna. It has about 30 scientific members (as of 2006), about half of them on the staff of the University of Vienna and the other half Privatdozenten who are assigned to the institute. The institute is run as a member of the association of the Vienna Wiesenthal Institute for Holocaust Studies.

The Institute of Contemporary History was established on 3 June 1966 by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education.
The historian Ludwig Jedlicka, co-founder of the Documentation Centre of Austrian Resistance (DÖW) and director of the Austrian Institute for Contemporary History (since 1961) became the first director of the new institute. His successor was the historian Erika Weinzierl, who developed the research in the fields of antisemitism and exile and emigration during the time of Nazism. later directors were Gerhard Botz, Friedrich Stadler and Oliver Rathkolb. The current director of the institute is Johanna Gehmacher (since 2012).

Footnotes

External links
 Institut für Zeitgeschichte der Universität Wien, official website


Battle of Lagos (1693)

The Battle of Lagos was a sea battle during the Nine Years' War on 27 June 1693 (17 June 1693 O.S.), when a French fleet under Anne Hilarion de Tourville defeated an Anglo-Dutch fleet under George Rooke. Rooke's squadron was protecting the Smyrna convoy, and it is by this name that the action is sometimes known.

Prelude
In the spring of 1693, a large convoy was organized to transport English and Dutch merchant ships which were bound for Spain and the Mediterranean; they had been held back by the threat of attack by the French fleet, or by commerce raiders.

The convoy, consisting of upwards of 200 sail, was to be escorted by a strong squadron of eight English and five Dutch ships of the line, with fireships, scouts and other auxiliaries, under the command of Admiral George Rooke. This squadron was bound for the Mediterranean, to take up station there. The convoy was to be covered by the combined allied fleet for its passage across the Channel, until it was past the port of Brest, to guard against attack by the French stationed there. The fleet, which was also charged with protecting England from the threat of invasion, would then double back to cover the Channel.

The French, however, whilst they had  made good their losses of the previous year, had abandoned the intent to invade in favour of a guerre de course, a war against the allies' trade and commercial interests.

To this end, Louis XIV had dispatched the French fleet under Tourville, his most able commander, to set an ambush for the convoy before it entered the Straits of Gibraltar. By the end of May, Tourville had assembled a fleet of 70 ships of the line, plus fireships, stores vessels and other auxiliaries, about 100 sail in total; and taken up station near Lagos Bay in Portugal.

The convoy sailed at the end of May, with the allied fleet of 24 Dutch warships under Philips van Almonde and 45 English under a leadership committee of Admirals Henry Killigrew, Ralph Delaval and Cloudesley Shovell.

By 7 June (O.S) the convoy was about 150 miles southwest of Ushant, and the main allied fleet had turned back, leaving Rooke and the convoy to proceed south.
The allies had made no move to check where the French fleet was, and received no news of its whereabouts until 17 June (O.S). By this time Rooke and the convoy were in action off Lagos, having been sighted by the French on the morning of 17 June (O.S).

The battle
Rooke could not avoid battle, but held the advantage of being to windward. Ordering the merchant ships to disperse, his squadron took up battle positions. The battle started around 8 pm. when the rear of his squadron was overtaken by the French van (Gabaret). Two Dutch ships, Zeeland (64, Philip Schrijver) and Wapen van Medemblik (64, Jan van der Poel), engaged the French, thus sacrificing themselves. They fought valiantly, giving the rest of the allied ships time enough to escape.
When the two Dutch ships finally surrendered, Tourville was very impressed and congratulated the two captains, asking them if they "were men or devils".Rooke declared it "one of the best judged things I ever saw in action".

The next day Rooke, with 54 merchant ships in company, was standing west. In pursuit were just four French warships. As they closed, Rooke's flagship, the Royal Oak (100) guns, turned to face them. After a short exchange they abandoned the chase and drew off. Rooke and his group were able to reach Madeira without further incident, where he found Monk (60) with one of the Dutch warships, and 40 or 50 merchant ships in company. With this party and stragglers collected en route, Rooke was able to reach Ireland on 30 July.

Aftermath
Over half of the convoy was saved. Some 90 ships were lost, the majority were Dutch and 40 were captured by the French. The two main goals of the convoy: first, to deliver the traders to their destinations in the Mediterranean and second, to establish a naval presence there, were defeated. For the French there was a huge gain, with prizes valued at 30 million livres. The City of London judged it the worst financial disaster since the Great Fire, 27 years previously.

For Tourville it was worthy revenge for his defeat in the Battle of La Hogue one year earlier.

Notes


Leg Branch

Leg Branch (also spelled Legg Branch) is a stream in Lewis County in the U.S. state of Missouri. It is a tributary of Derrahs Branch.

Leg Branch derives its name from Billy and J. L. Legg, pioneer settlers.


Lê Quốc Phương

Lê Quốc Phương (born 19 May 1991) is a Vietnamese footballer who plays as a Left winger for V.League 1 club Sài Gòn

International career

International goals

Under-19

Under-22


Donald Platt

Donald Platt is a poet and professor of English at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. Recently, he was awarded a 2011 National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship for Poetry.

Bibliography

"History & Bikinis" has appeared in Shenandoah and The Best American Poetry 2000
"Two Poets Meet" has appeared in The Iowa Review and The Best American Poetry 2006


Salimani

Salimani is a village on the island of Grande Comore in the Comoros. According to the 1991 census the village had a population of 1250.


Mayor of Ruapehu

The Mayor of Ruapehu officiates over the Ruapehu District of New Zealand's North Island.

Don Cameron is the current mayor of Ruapehu. He was reelected in 2016.


Khon Kaen Sports School Stadium

Khon Kaen Sports School Stadium () is a multi-purpose stadium in Khon Kaen Province , Thailand.  It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Khon Kaen United F.C..  The stadium holds 2,500 people.


Larry C. James

Larry C. James is an American psychologist, author and former officer in the United States Army.
James is notable for serving as Joint Task Force Guantanamo's chief psychologist in 2003, and as Abu Ghraib's chief psychologist in 2004.

Military career

Post-military career
James has also served on the Presidential Task Force on Military Deployment Services for Youth, Families and Service Members.

In 2008, James was hired as the Dean of Wright State University's School of Professional Psychology.

In 2008 he published a memoir, entitled: "Fixing Hell: An Army Psychologist Confronts Abu Ghraib".
A review in the Brooklyn Rail described the book as James's defense against insinuations he was a "torture shrink", and noted:
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
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James admits that in 2002, the year before his tenure at Guantanamo, a team of CIA psychologists came to Cuba to train soldiers in harsh interrogation methods. But by James' account, the whole point of his mission at Guantanamo, and then at Abu Ghraib, was to reverse the culture of abuse that resulted.
|}

Trudy Bond, another psychologist, requested in 2008 that the Louisiana State Board of Examiners of Psychologists review the ethics of James' work in Guantanamo.
When the board dismissed Bond's complaint she requested the Board's actions be reviewed by the state court. State District Judge Mike Caldwell ruled he did not have jurisdiction over the Board.

In July 2010, Deborah Popowski, Terry Lodge and Tyler Giannini filed a challenge to James's right to practice psychology with the Ohio Board of Psychology. In June 2013, the Ohio state court dismissed the case on procedural grounds and ruled that Ohio's psychology licensing board did not have a legal obligation to conduct a investigation into Dr. James.


Eric Ayuk

Eric Ayuk Mbu (born February 17, 1997) is a Cameroonian footballer who currently plays as a winger for Turkish club Osmanlıspor.

Playing career

Youth
Ayuk played football while attending Lycée Bilingue de Yaoundé in his native Cameroon. In June 2012, he moved to Thailand as part of a program to introduce young Camaroonian players to a professional environment. Joining Buriram United of Thai Premier League and playing with its academy and reserve teams for the rest of 2012 and 2013.

Club

Surin City F.C.
Ayuk joined Surin City F.C., an affiliate of Buriram United at the start of its 2014 season in the 2014 Thai Division 2 League North Eastern Region, the third level of  Thai football league system. His first game with the team was a qualifying game in the 2014 Thai League Cup – a 2–1 loss to Loei City F.C. on January 29, 2014. He made his league debut on February 16, 2014, in a 2–2 tie against Sisaket United F.C.. His first goal was the game-winning goal on February 22, 2014, in a 1–0 win over Mahasarakham United F.C.. He also scored against Nong Khai F.C. in a 2–2 draw on March 29, 2014, and another in a 4–1 win over Chaiyaphum United on April 26, 2014.

Phichit F.C.
On June 19, 2014, Ayuk joined Phichit F.C. in the 2014 Thai Division 2 League Northern Region. He made his debut on June 28, 2014, in a 3–2 win over Chiangrai F.C.. Ayuk's first goal came in a 5–0 win over Tak F.C. on July 6, 2014. On August 11, 2014, Ayuk scored against Uttaradit F.C. in his team's 4–1 victory. He added another goal on August 30, 2014, in his team's 4–3 defeat to Phrae United F.C.. On September 7, 2014, Ayuk had his first 2-goal game in a 7–0 victory over Phayao F.C.. He also scored in his team's lone goal in a 2–1 loss to Nakhon Sawan F.C. on September 13, 2014. Ayuk's performances helped Phichit F.C. gain promotion to the Thai Division 1 League for the 2015 season after placing in 2nd place in its 2014 Regional League Division 2 Champions League group. During the group games, he scored in Phichit F.C.'s 4–0 Champions Leaguevictory over Hua Hin City F.C. on November 22, 2014.

Philadelphia Union
Ayuk was signed by Philadelphia Union on March 3, 2015, after a successful pre-season trial. He was signed on a free transfer. He scored his first goal in a 4–1 loss to Columbus Crew on April 25, 2015.

Bethlehem Steel FC
Ayuk was loaned to Philadelphia Union USL affiliate, Bethlehem Steel FC for the 2016 season. Ayuk would be a regular starter for Steel FC and scored the first home goal in the team's history against FC Cincinnati. he would go on to make 17 appearances and scored three goals during the season.

Jönköpings Södra IF
On April 4, it was announced that Ayuk had joined Swedish first division outfit Jönköpings Södra IF on loan for the rest of the 2017 Allsvenskan Season. He would make 12 league appearances and one cup appearance in Sweden, scoring one goal.

Return to Philadelphia
In December 2017, it was announced that the Union exercised Ayuk's 2018 contract option.

Osmanlıspor
On 28 August 2018, Ayuk joined TFF First League side Osmanlıspor.

Career Statistics

Club

International
In April 2015, Ayuk was called into the Cameroon U-23 team for the 2015 CAF U-23 Championship but declined the call up to focus on his club career with the Philadelphia Union.
In May 2016, Ayuk was called up for the Cameroon U-20 team for their 2017 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations qualifier versus Zimbabwe.


IBM 1401

The IBM 1401 is a variable-wordlength decimal computer that was announced by IBM on October 5, 1959. The first member of the highly successful IBM 1400 series, it was aimed at replacing unit record equipment for processing data stored on punched cards and at providing peripheral services for larger computers. The 1401 is considered to be the Model-T Ford of the computer industry, because it was mass-produced and because of its sales volume. Over 12,000 units were produced and many were leased or resold after they were replaced with newer technology. The 1401 was withdrawn on February 8, 1971.

History

The 1401 project evolved from an IBM project named World Wide Accounting Machine (WWAM), which in turn was a reaction to the success of Bull Gamma 3.

The 1401 was operated as an independent system, in conjunction with IBM punched card equipment, or as auxiliary equipment to IBM 700 or 7000 series systems.

Monthly rental for 1401 configurations started at US$2,500 (worth about $ today).

"IBM was pleasantly surprised (perhaps shocked) to receive 5,200 orders in just the first five weeks – more than predicted for the entire life of the machine!"  By late 1961, the 2000 installed in the USA were about one quarter of all electronic stored-program computers by all manufacturers. The number of installed 1401s peaked above 10,000 in the mid-1960s.  "In all, by the mid-1960s nearly half of all computer systems in the world were 1401-type systems."  The system was marketed until February 1971.

Commonly used by small businesses as their primary data processing machines, the 1401 was also frequently used as an off-line peripheral controller for mainframe computers. In such installations, with an IBM 7090 for example, the mainframe computers used only magnetic tape for input-output. It was the 1401 that transferred input data from slow peripherals (such as the IBM 1402 Card Read-Punch) to tape, and transferred output data from tape to the card punch, the IBM 1403 Printer, or other peripherals. This allowed the mainframe's throughput to not be limited by the speed of a card reader or printer.
(For more information, see Spooling.)

Elements within IBM, notably John Haanstra, an executive in charge of 1401 deployment, supported its continuation in larger models for evolving needs (e.g., the IBM 1410) but the 1964 decision at the top to focus resources on the System/360 ended these efforts rather suddenly.

IBM was facing a competitive threat from the Honeywell 200 and the 360's incompatibility with the 1401 design. IBM pioneered the use of microcode emulation, in the form of ROM, so that some System/360 models could run 1401 programs.

During the 1970s, IBM installed many 1401s in India and Pakistan where they were in use well into the 1980s.

Two 1401 systems have been restored to operating order at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California, complete with a raised floor typical of the mainframe era (and modern data centers), used to hide cabling and distribute cooled air.

Architecture

Each alphanumeric character in the 1401 was encoded by six bits, called B,A,8,4,2,1.  The B,A bits were called zone bits and the 8,4,2,1 bits were called numeric bits, terms taken from the IBM 80 column punched card.

 For digits 1 through 9, the bits B,A were zero, the digit BCD encoded in bits 8,4,2,1.  Digit 0 was encoded 8,2.
 For alphabetic characters the setting of bits was derived from the zone and digit punches of the IBM 80 column punched card character code: B,A from 12, B from 11, and A from 0; the setting of bits 8,4,2,1 from BCD encoding of the 1 through 9 punches. Thus the letter A, 12,1 in the punched card character code, was encoded B,A,1.
 Encodings of punched card characters with two or more digit punches can be found in the Character and op codes table.

IBM called the 1401's character code BCD, even though that term describes only the decimal digit encoding.  The 1401's alphanumeric collating sequence was compatible with the punched card collating sequence.

Associated with each memory location were two other bits, called C for odd parity check and M for word mark.

Each memory location then, had the following bits:

C B A 8 4 2 1 M

The 1401 was available in six memory configurations: 1400, 2000, 4000, 8000, 12000, or 16000 characters. Each character was addressable, addresses ranging from 0 through 15999. A very small number of 1401s were expanded to 32,000 characters by special request.

Some operations used specific memory locations (those locations were not reserved and could be used for other purposes).  Read a card stored the 80 columns of data from a card into memory locations 001-080.  Index registers 1, 2 and 3 were in memory locations 087-089, 092-094 and 097-099 respectively. Punch a card punched the contents of memory locations 101-180 into a card. Write a line printed the contents of memory locations 201-332.

The 1401's instruction format was

   Opcode
    with   [A-or-I-or-unit-address [B-address]] [modifier]
  word mark

Opcodes were one character.  Memory addresses ("I" a branch target, "A" and "B" data) and unit address were three characters.  The opcode modifier was one character.  Instruction length was then 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, or 8 characters.  Most instructions had to be followed by a word mark (a requirement commonly met by the word mark with the opcode of the next instruction).

See Character and op codes for a list of operations.

A three-character memory address in an instruction was an encoding of a five-digit memory address.  The three low-order digits of the five-digit address, 000 to 999, were specified by the numeric bits of the three characters.  The zone bits of the high-order character specified an increment as follows: A 1000, B 2000, B and A together 3000, giving an addressability of 4,000 memory locations.  The zone bits of the low-order character specified increments of 4000, 8000, or 12000, to address 16,000 memory locations (with an IBM 1406 Storage Unit).  For example, the three-character address "I99" was a reference to memory location 3000 + 999, or 3999.

The zone bits of the middle character of a three-character memory address could specify one of three index registers, one of many optional features.

Operands referenced by the A-address and B-address were: a single memory location, a variable-length field, or a variable-length record.  Variable-length fields were addressed at their low-order (highest-addressed) position, their length defined by a word mark set at their high-order (lowest-addressed) position. When an operation such as addition was performed, the processor began at the low-order position of the two fields and worked its way to the high-order, just as a person would when adding with pencil and paper.

The only limit on the length of such fields was the available memory.  Instructions applicable to variable-length fields included: Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide, Compare, Move Characters to A or B Word Mark, Move Characters and Edit.  One or more adjacent variable-length fields could make up a variable-length record.  A variable-length record was addressed at its high-order position, its length defined by a group-mark character with a word mark or a record-mark character in its low-order  position. The instruction Move Characters Record or Group Mark could be used to assemble a block of records.  A variable-length record, or block of records, to be written to magnetic tape was addressed at its high-order position, its length defined by a group-mark character with a word mark immediately following its low-order position.

A sequence of operations on adjacent fields could be "chained", using the addresses left in the address registers by the previous operation.  For example, addition of adjacent data fields might be coded as "A 700,850", "A 695,845", "A 690,840".  With chaining, this could be coded as "A 700,850", "A", "A" - omitting data address from the second and third instructions.

Booting and sample program
When the LOAD button on the 1402 Card Read-Punch is pressed, a card is read into memory locations 001-080, a word mark is set in location 001, the word marks in locations 002-080 (if any) are cleared, and execution starts with the instruction at location 001.  That is always the dyadic Set Word Mark (it was the only instruction not requiring a following word mark) to set word marks for the two following instructions.  Execution of instructions in the card continues, setting word marks, loading the program into memory, and then branching to the program's start address.  To read subsequent cards, an explicit READ command (opcode "1") must be executed as the last instruction on every card to get the new card's contents into locations 001-080.  Note that the wordmarks are not erased when the READ command is executed, but are kept as-is for the next card read in.  This is convenient, because most of what the cards read in does is to set word marks in the proper locations; and having the first half dozen or so means you don't need to set those word marks again.

One-card programs could be written for various tasks.  Commonly available were a one-card program to print the deck of cards following it, and another to duplicate a deck to the card punch. See Tom Van Vleck's web site. Here is a one-card program which will print "HELLO WORLD".  Pressing LOAD (above) reads one card, and begins execution at 001 (the first ",").

 ,008015,022029,036043,047051,052059,060062,066/332/M0762112F1.062HELLO WORLD
 1      1      1      1      1      1      1   1   11      11 1   1

The program is:
 Set word marks (opcode "," operands 008 015)
 Set more word marks; the 1's beneath the core locations show where the word marks are after completing all "," opcodes
 Clear storage - part of the print area 332-300 (opcode "/" operand 332); "/" also clears word marks
 Clear storage - the rest of the print area 299-200 (opcode "/" using a 'chained' address from the previous instruction)
 Move "HELLO WORLD" to the print area (opcode "M", operands 076 and 211. MOVE stops due to the word mark in location 066 (which, doing double-duty, also defines the end of the HALT and branch instruction))
 Print a line (opcode "2"; "HELLO WORLD" will be printed in the 11 leftmost printer positions)
 Skip to position "1" on the printer control tape (opcode "F" modifier "1" - Assuming a standard Printer Control Tape is installed in the 1403 printer, this ejects the page)
 Halt (opcode "." operand 062 - a branch address (to this same halt opcode), if START is pressed; an 'infinite halt loop' like this tells the operator the program is done)

Hardware implementation

Most of the logic circuitry of the 1401 was a type of diode–transistor logic (DTL), that IBM referred to as CTDL (Complemented Transistor Diode Logic). Other IBM circuit types used were referred to as: Alloy (some logic, but mostly various non-logic functions, named for the germanium-alloy transistors used), CTRL (Complemented Transistor Resistor Logic, a type of resistor–transistor logic (RTL)). Later upgrades (e.g., the TAU-9 tape interface) used a faster type of DTL using "drift" transistors (a type of transistor invented by Herbert Kroemer in 1953) for their speed, that IBM referred to as SDTDL (Saturated Drift Transistor Diode Logic). Typical logic levels of these circuits were (S & U Level) high: 0 V to -0.5V, low: -6 V to -12 V; (T Level) high: 6 V to 1 V, low: -5.5 V to -6 V.

These circuits were constructed of discrete components (resistors, capacitors, transistors) mounted on single-sided paper-epoxy printed circuit boards either  with a 16-pin gold-plated edge connector (single wide) or  with two 16-pin gold-plated edge connectors (double wide), that IBM referred to as SMS cards (Standard Modular System). The amount of logic on one card was similar to that in one 7400 series SSI or simpler MSI package (e.g., three to five logic gates or a couple of flip-flops on a single-wide card up to about twenty logic gates or four flip-flops on a double-wide card).

The SMS cards were inserted in sockets on hinged swing-out racks, that IBM referred to as gates.

The modules used were fairly delicate, compared to previous unit-record equipment, so IBM shipped them enclosed in a newly invented packing material, bubble wrap.  This was one of the first widespread uses of this packing; it greatly impressed recipients, and brought great publicity to the material.

Like most machines of the day, the 1401 used magnetic-core memory. The cores were about 1 mm in diameter and used a four-wire arrangement (x, y, sense, and inhibit).
The memory was arranged in planes of
cores each, each core storing one bit. A stack of eight such planes stored the six data bits, word mark bit, and parity bit for 4000 memory locations. Together with eight additional planes with fewer cores on them for additional storage functions, this made up a 4000-character  memory module. One such module could be housed within the 1401's primary enclosure. Systems were commonly available with two, three, or four such modules. The additional modules were contained in an add-on box, the 1406 Core Memory Unit, which was about two feet square and three feet high.

Operands in memory were accessed serially, one memory location at a time, and the 1401 could read or write one memory location within its basic cycle time of 11.5 microseconds.

All instruction timings were cited in multiples of this cycle time.

IBM 1403 printer

The IBM 1403 printer was introduced in October 1959 with the 1401 Data Processing System. The printer was a completely new development.

Software

IBM software for the 1401 included:

 1401 Symbolic Programming System assembler.
 Autocoder on Tape, a more advanced assembler, required at least 4000-character memory and four tape drives.
 Autocoder on Disk, similar to, but not compatible with, Autocoder on Tape, required at least one 1311 disk drive.
 COBOL required at least 4000-character memory and four tape drives.
 FARGO (Fourteen-o-one Automatic Report Generation Operation), a predecessor of RPG, required at least 4000-character memory.
 FORTRAN II required at least 8000-character memory; the 1401 Fortran compiler is described in Haines, L.H. (1965), below. The Fortran compiler, to generate code for small memories, used a pioneering form of interpreted "p-code" although its programmers had no name for what it was that they did.
 FORTRAN IV required at least 12000-character memory and either four tape drives or at least one IBM 1311 disk drive.
 RPG (Report Program Generator); Basic RPG required at least 4000-character memory.

For the IBM Catalog of 1401 software, see IBM 1400 series.

Character and op codes

The 1401's operation codes were single characters. In many cases, particularly for the more common instructions, the character chosen was mnemonic for the operation: A for add, B for branch, S for subtract, etc.

The table is in Character Collating Sequence.

 Note: If Word mark bit is set, then the C bit will be opposite of shown. The C bit was determined and checked automatically by the machine - normally it was of no concern to the programmers. The only way the C bit could be entered was by manually using the switches on the Auxiliary Console.  A programmer might use these switches to make quick patches while debugging.

Two of the instructions, Branch on Indicator (B) and Select Stacker (K), use a "modifier" operand.

Modifiers for five-character Branch on Indicator (B) instruction
The B opcode, if followed by a three-character operand, was a simple unconditional branch to the indicated address. If a fourth operand character was  present (making five characters total including the opcode), this made it a conditional branch. This "modifier" character specified the condition to be tested.

Modifiers for Select Stacker (K) instruction
The Select Stacker (K) instruction sent commands to various devices. It was named for its relevance to the 1402 reader/punch.

1401 culture

In October 2006, Icelandic avant-garde musician Jóhann Jóhannsson released the album IBM 1401, A User's Manual through music publisher 4AD. The concept is based upon work done in 1964 by his father, Jóhann Gunnarsson, chief maintenance engineer of one of the country's first computers, and Elías Daviðsson, one of the first programmers in the country. The album was originally written for a string quartet, organ and electronics and to accompany a dance piece by long-standing collaborator friend, Erna Ómarsdóttir. For the album recording, Jóhann has rewritten it for a sixty-piece string orchestra, adding a new final movement and incorporating electronics and vintage reel-to-reel recordings of a singing 1401 found in his father's attic.

More well-known were various demo programs to play music on transistor radios placed on the CPU and computer "art", mostly kitschy pictures printed using Xs and 0s on chain printers.
IBM 1401 was the first computer introduced in Nepal for the census purpose in 1971. It took about one year to take the census of the country. At that time the population of Nepal was about 10,000,000.

A truck-based IBM 1401 configured in 1960 for military use was designated a portable computer, and nicknamed a DataMobile.


Maram Sudarmodjo

Maram Sudarmodjo (25 January 1928 – 2006) was an Indonesian athlete and air force officer. He represented Indonesia in the men's high jump at the 1952 Summer Olympics, ranking 20th in the final standing. Previously he won a gold medal at the 1948 National Sports Week—Indonesia's national multi-sport event—and a bronze medal at the 1951 Asian Games. He later joined the Indonesian Air Force, rising to the rank of lieutenant colonel before retiring.

Biography

Early life
Maram Sudarmodjo was born in Gemolong, now in Sragen Regency, Central Java, Indonesia, on 25 January 1928. During the Indonesian War of Independence (1945), he served in the . As a youth, he did his high jump training in , Surakarta.

Athletic career

Sudarmodjo competed in Indonesia's first multi-sport Games, Pekan Olahraga Nasional ("National Sports Week") in Surakarta, 1948. He won gold medal and broke the national record by clearing a 1.89 m bar. He then became part of the Indonesian team at the 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi, India. He won a bronze medal, also with the best jump of 1.89 m. Due to these achievements, he was selected to join the Indonesian team at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. This was the nation's first Olympics participation, and he would be one of the three Indonesians to compete, along with swimmer Habib Suharko and weightlifter Thio Ging Hwie.

The newly independent nation did not organize centralized training for its Olympics athletes. So before leaving for Helsinki, Sudarmodjo trained by himself in Ikada Stadium, Jakarta. Every day, he rode his bike to the stadium to train. He carried a hoe that he used to soften a patch of sand so that his landings would not hurt.

In the Olympics, he started in Group B of the qualifying round, where he cleared the 1.80 m, 1.84 m and 1.87 m bar, advancing to the final round. In the final round, he did not attempt the 1.70 m bar and cleared the 1.80 m one at first attempt. However, he did not clear the 1.90 m bar after three attempts. With these results, he ranked 20th overall.

Later life
Later, Sudarmodjo joined the Indonesian Air Force, raising to the rank of lieutenant colonel before retiring. He died in 2006 due to liver failure.

Personal life
Sudarmodjo was married to RA Soekandini (b. 1930) and they had five children.


Hancock County School District

The Hancock County School District is a public school district based in the community of Kiln, Mississippi (USA).

In addition to Kiln, the district also serves the communities of Diamondhead, Pearlington, portions of Shoreline Park, as well as portions of rural Hancock County.

Schools

High school
Grades 9-12
Hancock High School

Middle school
Grades 6-8
Hancock Middle School

Elementary schools
Grades K-5
East Hancock Elementary School
Hancock North Central Elementary School (formerly Hancock North Central High School)
South Hancock Elementary School (formerly Gulfview-Charles B. Murphy Elementary)
 West Hancock Elementary School

Other Campuses
Grades 10-12
 Hancock County Career Technical Center

Demographics

2006-07 school year
There were a total of 4,265 students enrolled in the Hancock County School District during the 2006-2007 school year. The gender makeup of the district was 48% female and 52% male. The racial makeup of the district was 3.80% African American, 93.76% White, 1.36% Hispanic, 0.80% Asian, and 0.28% Native American. 63.2% of the district's students were eligible to receive free lunch.

Previous school years

Accountability statistics