John Kirkpatrick (pianist)

John Kirkpatrick (18 March 1905 – 8 November 1991) was an American classical pianist and music scholar, best known for championing the works of Charles Ives, Aaron Copland, Carl Ruggles, and Roy Harris. He gave the first complete public performance of Ives's Concord Sonata in 1939, which became a turning point in the composer's public recognition. At the time of his death Kirkpatrick was a professor emeritus at Yale University, where he had also been the curator of the Charles Ives archives.

Life and career

Early years
Kirkpatrick was born on 18 March 1905 to John and Marguerite (née Haviland) Kirkpatrick in New York City, where his father had a jewelry business. He was educated at Lawrenceville School before entering Princeton University in 1922 where he studied classics and then art history. (At the time, Princeton did not have a music department.) In the summer of 1925 he traveled to France to study piano under Nadia Boulanger at The American Conservatory in Fontainebleau. He returned to Princeton for his final year but abandoned his studies in February 1926 to return to France. He would remain there for the next five years, attending the  École normale de musique de Paris and studying piano with Boulanger, Camille Decreus, and Isidor Philipp at Fontainebleau and Louta Nouneberg in Paris. Kirkpatrick returned to the United States in 1931, living at first in Greenwich Village and supporting himself by teaching piano. He and Aaron Copland had been fellow students at Fonatainbleau, and on his return Kirkpatrick became part of the composer's artistic circle. He performed at the first Festival of Contemporary Music, organized by Copland at the Yaddo artists' colony in 1932 and went on to perform at Yaddo for the next 20 years, playing new works by Copland, Charles Ives, Robert Palmer, and Carl Ruggles.

The Concord Sonata
Throughout the 1930s, and in addition to his performances at Yaddo, Kirkpatrick gave many recitals and lecture-recitals of 20th-century American composers' works, many of them world premieres. The most significant of these was on 20 January 1939, when he gave the first complete public performance of Charles Ives's Concord Sonata at Town Hall in New York City, playing the notoriously difficult and idiosyncratic piece entirely from memory. Before the New York premiere, Kirkpatrick had tried out a complete performance at a semi-private lecture-recital in Cos Cob, Connecticut (also playing from memory). Paul Rosenfeld had written a favourable review of the Cos Cob performance in the journal Modern Music. Elliott Carter's was  more mixed, but neither was widely circulated outside the relatively narrow readership of the journal. However, the New York performance marked the first time that Ives's work was reviewed by a prominent critic in the mainstream press, Lawrence Gilman of the New York Herald-Tribune. Gilman was unstinting in his praise of Ives, writing:
This sonata is exceptionally great music—it is, indeed, the greatest music composed by an American, and the most deeply and essentially American in impulse and implication.
When Kirkpatrick gave a further performance of the sonata at the Town Hall the following month, it was reviewed by multiple mainstream publications, including Time, The New York Sun, and The New Yorker. It marked a turning point in the public recognition of Ives and his works. It also marked a turning point in Kirkpatrick's own career, much of which was subsequently devoted to collaborating with Ives and documenting his work.

Marriage and the Cornell years
In January 1940 Kirkpatrick met his future wife, the soprano Hope Miller, when he was engaged to replace her accompanist for a recital tour. The couple married in June of that year and in the early years of their marriage continued to give joint recitals. One of the most notable of these took place January 1943 at Town Hall in New York, when they gave the New York premieres of Aaron Copland's Piano Sonata and Roy Harris's "Evening Song" juxtaposed with works by Purcell, Bach and Beethoven. The recital was reviewed by Virgil Thomson in the New York Herald Tribune who wrote:
The beauty and variety of tone, the impeccable mechanism, and the noble, architectonic conception were great pianism and great musicianship. It is not customary to compare the work of local artists favorably with that of the foreign-born great, but I cannot refrain from doing so in this case, because it seemed to me that Mr. Kirkpatrick was playing the piano as it is not often played by anybody.

From 1942 until 1943 Kirkpatrick was the head of the music department at Monticello College  in Illinois (now Lewis and Clark Community College). He then served as an associate professor at Mt. Holyoke College until 1946 when he joined the faculty in the music department of Cornell University. He remained at Cornell until 1968, serving as the head of the music department from 1949 until 1953 and becoming a full professor in 1950. During his time there, he also continued his musical career, conducting the Sage Chapel Choir, (which he led from 1953 to 1957), in a performance of Arthur Honegger's Le roi David in a translation and arrangement by Kirkpatrick, giving recitals, and making several recordings of works by Charles Ives and other 20th-century American composers, including the premiere recordings of Ives's Concord Sonata and Carl Ruggles's Evocations.

Discography
Below is a list of John Kirkpatrick's recordings. They were all released as LP records. However, some of these recordings (or excerpts from them) appear on CD, including Songs of Charles Ives and Ernst Bacon (CRI, 2007), Charles Ives: Five Violin Sonatas (Musical Heritage Society, 2009), and Complete Music of Carl Ruggles (Other Minds Records, 2012).
Charles Ives: Concord Sonata (premiere recording); Columbia Records, 1948
Hunter Johnson: Letter to the World, with the Concert Hall Chamber Orchestra conducted by Robert Hull; Concert Hall Society, 195? (recorded 1948)
Edward MacDowell: Woodland Sketches, Sea Pieces, Fireside Tales & New England Idyls;  Columbia Records, 1951
Hunter Johnson: Concerto for Piano and Chamber Orchestra, with the Rochester Chamber Orchestra conducted by Robert Hull; Concert Hall Society, 1954
Robert Palmer: Quartet for piano and strings, with the Walden Trio; Columbia Records, 1954
Carl Ruggles:  Evocations (premiere recording); Columbia Records, 1955
Charles Ives: 24 Songs, with Helen Boatwright (soprano); Overtone Records, 1955
Henry Cowell: Toccanta, with Carleton Sprague Smith (flute), Helen Boatwright (soprano), and Aldo Parisot (cello); Columbia Records, 1955
Charles Ives: Concord Sonata (second recording and winner of an Edison Award in 1970); Columbia Records, 1968
Louis Moreau Gottschalk: Danza, O ma charmante, Suis-mois, El Cocoyé; Turnabout Records, 1971 (recorded live at the Pan American Union, Washington, DC, 17 December 1969)
Charles Ives: 25 Songs, with Helen Boatwright (soprano); Columbia Records, 1974 (recorded 1969)
Charles Ruggles: Evocations (second recording); CBS Masterworks, 1980 (recorded 1977)
Charles Ives: Five Violin Sonatas, with Daniel Stepner (violin); Musical Heritage Society, 1982

Selected publications
"Aaron Copland's Piano Sonata". Modern Music, Vol. 18, No. 4,  (May–June 1942)
"Performance as an Avenue to Educational Realities in Music", College Music Symposium, Vol. 4, (Fall 1964)
"The Evolution of Carl Ruggles: A Chronicle Largely in His Own Words". Perspectives of New Music, Vol. 6, No. 2, (Spring–Summer 1968)
Eleven Songs & Two Harmonizations by Charles Ives, score edited by John Kirkpatrick with preface and notes on each song. New York: Associated Music Publishers (1968)
Memos by Charles Ives, edited and annotated by John Kirkpatrick. New York: Norton (1972).
"Charles Ives" in John Kirkpatrick (ed.) The New Grove Twentieth-Century American Masters: Ives, Thomson, Sessions, Cowell, Gershwin, Copland, Carter, Barber, Cage, Bernstein. New York: Norton (1987)


San Sebastián metropolitan area

San Sebastián metropolitan area is an area in the province of Gipuzkoa (Spain) which extends into France. It includes, besides the city  of San Sebastián, a number of nearby municipalities, some of them bordering. Its total population is 405,099 inhabitants, with its extension of 372.86 square kilometres. It is the 19 th urban agglomeration of Spain in terms of population.

Municipalities of the metropolitan area


Ben Reilly

Benjamin Reilly (), also known as the Scarlet Spider, is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is a clone and ally of the original Spider-Man (Peter Parker) and is prominent in the 1994–96 "Clone Saga" storyline, which led to his murder by the Green Goblin (Norman Osborn).

Created by writer Gerry Conway, the character first appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man #149 (October 1975). During the "Clone Saga" storyline, he came to wear a makeshift costume similar to Spider-Man's consisting of a blue sleeveless hoodie sweatshirt adorned with black motifs of a spider on its front and back, over a red spandex bodysuit and mask, with utility belts and wrist-worn sizable web-shooters that were designed by artist Tom Lyle, before donning a variation of Spider-Man's costume designed by artist Mark Bagley as his successor for some time before his death.

In 2017's "Dead No More: The Clone Conspiracy" story arc, the character was resurrected. In the 2017 series Ben Reilly: The Scarlet Spider, he reclaims his Scarlet Spider identity and reimagined by Marvel Comics' creative teams as an antihero, starting a spiritual quest to redeem himself as a true hero once more and has completed it in another arc, "Spider-Geddon", again serving as Spider-Man's heroic ally.

Publication history
Ben Reilly was first featured as Spider-Man in The Amazing Spider-Man #149. The issue was later revisited in What If #30. Asked why he created the character, writer Gerry Conway explained:

Though Conway had no intention of using the character beyond this initial appearance, in which he dies, Reilly returned to the comics during the "Clone Saga", which ran from October 1994 to December 1996 through all five of the concurrent Spider-Man titles — The Amazing Spider-Man, Web of Spider-Man, Spider-Man, Spider-Man Unlimited, and The Spectacular Spider-Man. Editor Danny Fingeroth directed the Spider-Man artists to design a costume for the character which would stand out from conventional superhero costumes by emphasizing simple functionality rather than flash. The artists worked on costume ideas independently, and according to Mark Bagley, Tom Lyle's "hoodie" design won unanimous approval among them. The original costume was later replaced by an updated Spider-Man costume designed by Bagley with minor alterations by Bob Budiansky.

Between November and December 1995, the Scarlet Spider replaced Spider-Man in all five of the comics' titles, which became The Amazing Scarlet Spider, Web of Scarlet Spider, Scarlet Spider, Scarlet-Spider Unlimited, and The Spectacular Scarlet Spider. Reilly was also featured prominently in the supplemental material provided for the storyline, including Spider-Man: The Lost Years and Spider-Man: Clone Journals. The storyline was later revisited in What If (vol. 2) #86. Reilly was passed the mantle of Spider-Man and was featured throughout the Spider-Man titles The Amazing Spider-Man, The Spectacular Spider-Man, Spider-Man, Spider-Man Unlimited, and The Sensational Spider-Man, which replaced Web of Spider-Man as an ongoing monthly title. Reilly remained as the featured Spider-Man between January and December 1996. During this period, the character was also featured in two intercompany crossovers DC vs. Marvel with DC Comics and Backlash/Spider-Man with Image Comics.

Though the character has not been used in mainstream continuity since his death in Spider-Man #75, the character is often alluded to and provided the foundation to the backstory in the Spider-Girl mythology. In January 2009, Reilly returned to comics as Spider-Man in the third part of Marvel's X-Men/Spider-Man miniseries. Written by Christos Gage, the series explores episodes in the histories of both the X-Men and Spider-Man, sticking thoroughly to the source material of the time frames that the stories take place in. Issue #3 marked the first new adventure featuring Reilly in more than 12 years. Starting in 2009, and continuing into 2010, Marvel published a six-issue miniseries titled Spider-Man: The Clone Saga that was a retelling of the story as it had originally been envisioned. In 2010 Marvel began collecting the story in trade paperback and hardcover forms (). The epic spans five books and covers Reilly's time on the road, through his encounters with Peter and Mary Jane, up to his role as the Scarlet Spider, as the lone spider hero in New York.

Mooted return

On July 25, 2010, at the San Diego Comic-Con, fans expressed their desire to see a return of Ben Reilly. To this, assistant editor Tom Brennan replied, "It's being worked on." During the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con, a teaser image was posted on Marvel.com of Reilly's shirt in flames, entitled "The return of The Scarlet Spider?" It is revealed in The Amazing Spider-Man #673 and the Marvel Point One one-shot that Kaine will be the new Scarlet Spider in his own ongoing series, which was confirmed by editor Steve Wacker in the "Letters to the Editor" page of #673. Later, Ben Reilly in his Scarlet Spider uniform appears to be fighting Kaine on the cover of Scarlet Spider #21. At the climax of the issue it is revealed that this is Kraven the Hunter impersonating Reilly.

Resurrection
Ben Reilly is resurrected in the storyline "Dead No More: The Clone Conspiracy", where it was revealed that his remains had been retrieved by the Jackal after his death, the Jackal spending several months 'killing' Ben and bringing him back to life to try and perfect a new cloning process. Ben eventually managed to escape the Jackal's control, but was so broken by the experience of multiple deaths that he took control of the Jackal's scheme, even adopting the Jackal name for himself, and set out to bring several of Peter's deceased allies and enemies back to life, using a flawed cloning process that required the resurrected to ingest a pill on a daily basis to stay alive. After a final confrontation with Peter forced him to face how far he had fallen when he tried to 'kill' all of humanity and bring them back as 'immortal' clones, Ben fakes his death and relocates to Las Vegas to try and re-learn how to be a hero, returns to the Scarlet Spider identity and works to restore his sanity.

Fictional character biography

Creation
Ben Reilly was created by the Jackal (Professor Miles Warren), and was the first successful clone of Peter Parker; a previous clone suffered from clone degeneration and was considered unstable. Through arcane science, Reilly is imprinted with a copy of Parker's memories and in their first encounter believed himself to be Parker. After Parker was captured by Jackal, both Parker and Reilly found themselves in Spider-Man costumes at Shea Stadium, and initially fought each other believing the other was the impostor. When realizing the stakes, they decided to team up in an attempt to save the Gwen Stacy clone and a captured Ned Leeds. In the process, Reilly appeared to be killed in an explosion, and Parker, fearful of the consequences of a corpse of a second Peter Parker being found, dropped Reilly's body into a smokestack. Reilly survived and escaped from the smokestack. When he witnessed Parker and Mary Jane Watson in an embrace, Ben, despite acknowledging that he is a clone, also accepted Parker's strong sense of morality as his own. He refused to succumb to the temptation of murdering his doppelgänger, chose to be a decent man, and decided to embark on a nomadic life. He dubbed himself "Ben Reilly", using his uncle's first name and his aunt's maiden name (Ben Parker and May Reilly, respectively). He took some old clothes that Parker had intended to donate to charity, and he left New York deeply depressed but also inspired by his own advice to build a life of his own.

Exile
Stricken with influenza, Ben Reilly meets Seward Trainer, a geneticist who was secretly blackmailed by agents of Norman Osborn into keeping track of him. Trainer helps Reilly re-establish his life, and Reilly sees Trainer as a father figure. Reilly trusts Trainer completely because he helps Reilly survive his aimless wanderings, provides Reilly with forged credentials allowing him to find work for a few months at a time. Ben subsequently moves on just before people can examine the references closely enough to learn that they are faked, using the money earned to fund himself until he next needs work. During this time, Reilly is hunted by Kaine, a failed clone of Peter Parker. Kaine believed Reilly to be the original Peter Parker and hates him for being flawless, although initially Kaine is unsure why he is stalking Reilly other than wanting to see him suffer. Reilly finds love with college student/waitress Janine Godbe, but she later reveals that her true identity is Elizabeth Tyne, a fugitive who killed her father after enduring his repeating incestuous abuse. Although he spends some time living with Janine, she apparently commits suicide out of guilt at her past crimes, leaving Reilly to be constantly followed by Kaine vowing to deny Reilly happiness for as long as he can.

Besides fighting Kaine, Reilly sporadically engages in heroics; although he dislikes playing the hero as it reminds him of life as Peter Parker, he finds himself unable to ignore his spider-sense when it goes off with sufficient intensity, also acting as a short-term vigilante to dismantle a major drugs cartel in Salt Lake City while working as a teaching assistant for a local college during his third year. During a particularly bleak period, Reilly works in dead-end jobs and allows himself to be regarded as mentally handicapped rather than interact with others. After his spider-sense prompts him to save a family from being killed during a robbery, he accepts that he cannot give in to despair and must try to make a difference whenever he can. Following this, he lives for a short time in Italy and works as an English teacher, but is forced to leave after a Mafia boss investigates Reilly's past when his daughter expresses an interest in Reilly. The Mafioso learns about the gaps in Reilly's work record and forces him to leave the city. During his time of the road, Reilly occasionally fought supervillains, notably the demon D'Spayre and a psychopath called Wild Whip. One experience during this time of his life saw Reilly hired as the assistant of scientist Damon Ryder, but Ryder's experiments with dinosaur DNA saw Ryder mutate himself into a man/dinosaur hybrid, with a later attack by Kaine starting a fire that killed Ryder's family, forcing Ben to flee.

Scarlet Spider

Five years later, when working at a resort, Ben Reilly discovers that May Parker is dying from a stroke, so he returns to New York City. There, Reilly encounters Peter Parker, bitter and angry following several tragedies which caused Parker to refer to himself as the Spider, in which Reilly is shocked over Parker's instability. While they initially come to blows, they begin working together. Reilly genuinely cares for the Parker family's well-being, but Parker is initially suspicious of his clone's motives. Eventually, however, Parker grows to trust Reilly. Reilly's presence also reminds Parker of the person he supposed to be. Soon after, despite doubting of himself as a hero, Venom's (Eddie Brock) rampage, a recent encounter with Venom's offspring Carnage (Cletus Kasady), and the past reports of Spider-Man repeatedly failed to stop him, spurs Reilly to don a makeshift costume and improved arsenal of Spider-Man's, and he is dubbed the "Scarlet Spider" by the press.  Though Reilly is initially intimidated by Venom's ferocity, he ultimately defeats him; he is even able to resist the bonding with the Venom symbiote with his strong will during the fight, a feat that even the original Spider-Man had failed to achieve. This victory over one of Spider-Man's most powerful adversaries helps him gain the confidence that he needs. However, Reilly and Venom also become enemies after their encounter; because he was cloned from Parker and left New York City prior to the Secret Wars, Reilly does not share Spider-Man's guilt over the Venom symbiote and its offspring's presence on Earth. Driven by his need to protect the Parkers and duty, he is determined to put an end to Venom's threats, deems him extremely dangerous and needing to be stopped, and wants to destroy all of the symbiotes. In addition, unlike Spider-Man, Reilly can detect the Venom symbiote and its offspring with his spider-sense.  He would later encounter more enemies from Spider-Man's rogues gallery and as well as accumulating his own. The city welcomes the Scarlet Spider because of his dedication to heroics, and J. Jonah Jameson, despite his distrust, is unable to launch a smear campaign against him due to his popularity.

For a brief time, the Scarlet Spider joins the New Warriors after assisting them in dealing with the Carrion virus, though none of the team members fully accepts him because he refuses to reveal his identity out of his obligations to protect Spider-Man's secrets. When Peter is framed and arrested for Kaine's murders, Reilly switches places with him so that Peter can remain free and uncover the truth, and allows Parker to use the Scarlet Spider costume for a brief time; Reilly gains Parker's respect in the process. In addition, Parker is impressed with Reilly's innovations with his web-shooters when operating under the Scarlet Spider identity, and sees that Reilly gained a better heroic reputation than his. He and Parker eventually discover that the Jackal is alive, and encounter more Spider-Man clones, including the homicidal Spidercide. After defeating the Jackal with Parker, Reilly seeks to continue on as the Scarlet Spider, but is ultimately forced to drop the identity when, during gang warfare between the second Doctor Octopus and Alistair Smythe, a holographic version of the Scarlet Spider ruins Reilly's reputation in a vicious rampage. Reilly concludes that Doctor Octopus' deception has worked because he is still too new on the scene. He decides to take on the Spider-Man mantle and abandon his role in the New Warriors despite his attraction to Firestar.

Spider-Man

Ben Reilly later becomes the replacement version of Spider-Man for a time when Peter Parker retires to raise his unborn child. Reilly wears his own costume style rather than Parker's. Meanwhile, both men are misled by the Jackal and Seward Trainer, working under orders from Norman Osborn, into believing that Reilly is the original and that Parker is the clone. Osborn hopes that the revelation that his life was a lie would make Parker give up; instead both Parker and Reilly see this as a chance to start again. Reilly starts working at a diner called the Daily Grind. He also dyes his hair blond to differentiate himself from Parker. Reilly works there for a year, battling villains. The change in costume initially prompts the Daily Bugle to claim there is a new Spider-Man, but Reilly and Mary Jane Watson throw them off the scent and the story is dropped. Only the Black Cat, Venom, Silver Sable, the Sandman, the Human Torch, and Firestar ever learn that they are dealing with a different Spider-Man, although Reilly also tells Daredevil the truth, and Mysterio concludes that there had been a substitution when studying newspapers after being released from prison. The X-Men — specifically Cyclops, Storm, the Angel, the Iceman, and Wolverine — also know the truth because Reilly told them why he was unaware of an earlier team-up involving Peter helping the X-Men trace Mister Sinister's activities.

Reilly later dates college students from Centennial University Jessica Carradine and Desiree Winthrop. Still mourning Janine Godbe's apparent death, his relationship with Jessica ends because they discover each other's secrets; Jessica's late father was the burglar who killed Ben Parker, and Jessica witnesses that Ben and Spider-Man are the same man. Jessica realizes she would never have a proper relationship with Ben because of their pasts. Ben tutors Desiree before his break up with Jessica, and eventually dates her.

DC vs. Marvel

During the DC vs. Marvel intercompany crossover storyline, Ben Reilly inadvertently travels to a parallel reality after being exposed to the dimensional rift. While stranded in this alternate reality, he encountered its heroes and villains while trying to find a way back. Temporarily using his 'original' name of Peter Parker, Reilly finds a job at the Daily Planet as its staff photographer, working with the newspaper's top reporters Lois Lane and Clark Kent. He saves Lane from being captured by a Scarecrow/Scarecrow team-up, although he is subsequently embarrassed when he learns of her engagement to Kent after asking her out. Eventually, two cosmic entities force the heroes of both realities to fight a series of duels for the survival of their respective universes. Reilly is chosen to fight Superboy, the hybrid-clone of Superman and Lex Luthor, and wins thanks to his spider-sense and use of impact webbing overwhelming Superboy's raw power. Reilly later teams up with Superboy to rescue the Daily Planet'''s staff from the Kingpin, and Lane develops a slight attraction with Reilly's alter ego, before the realities are separated again.

Spider-Carnage

During the "Web of Carnage" story arc, Ben Reilly is bonded with the Carnage symbiote when it escapes from Ravencroft Institute, where its psychopathic host Cletus Kasady is being held. Unlike his experience with the Venom symbiote, Reilly struggles for control of himself, and he attempts to trap it inside of him. He has John Jameson take him to a cell designed to hold Carnage and subjects himself to a potentially fatal dose of microwave radiation to try to kill the symbiote, which returns to Kasady via the pipes. Seward Trainer disappears while Ben fights with the Carnage symbiote. Reilly's bank account is frozen and his possessions stolen while the Grind is burned down and Reilly is framed for arson.

Blood Brothers
The Hobgoblin is found to be perpetrating many of these events on the orders of Gaunt and the company Multivex. Reilly's former lover Janine Godbe is taken to New York by Kaine informing the police about her crimes and whereabouts; Kaine forced Janine to fake her death as a means of hurting Ben, convincing her that Ben would be better off without her. After Ben rescues Janine from custody in his 'Salt Lake' disguise, the two lovers go on the run. However, after a final confrontation between Reilly and Kaine in a diner as Kaine attempts to force Reilly to acknowledge their similarities, Kaine accepts that he should turn himself in to atone for his crimes. Reilly's words and Kaine's decision inspire Godbe to do the same.

Death
Around the same time, Peter Parker and Mary Jane Watson return to New York. He and Ben begin to contemplate the possibilities of Peter returning to the role full-time, providing the city with two Spider-Men to compensate for the recent loss of the Fantastic Four and crucial members of the Avengers during the war against Onslaught.

Parker helps Reilly fend off Gaunt's latest attack after his real identity was uncovered. Reilly is attacked by Norman Osborn while his spider-sense is disabled by a gas that Gaunt used. Osborn reveals that Reilly is the clone, beats him unconscious, and takes him and Parker to his base opposite the Daily Bugle offices. Osborn intends to blow up the building, with most of Parker and Reilly's friends inside it after they were sent false invitations. While Parker battles Osborn, Reilly attempts to evacuate the Daily Bugle, but injures himself further while protecting Flash Thompson from a bomb. While helping Parker to remove the remaining bombs, Reilly intercepts a Goblin Glider before it can impale Parker. Reilly falls several stories and crashes onto a taxi underneath. As he lies dying, Reilly tells Parker that he will have to resume the role of Spider-Man. Reilly dies and his body decomposes rapidly, confirming that he was actually a clone. This sacrifice, and concurrent stillbirth of his child, leads Parker to reclaim the Spider-Man identity.

Post-mortem
During the 1998 "Spider-Man: Identity Crisis" storyline, when Spider-Man adopts four new identities to continue to act as a hero after Norman Osborn put a bounty on him, his weapons as the Hornet include an adaptation of Ben's old sedative stingers, and later used by Spider-Man's successor of the identity, Eddie McDonough. Later, in the aftermath of the story, reveals that Spider-Man has upgraded his web-shooters based on Ben's so that he can fire his own impact webbings without increasing their size. During the 2006 "Civil War" storyline, he uses the pseudonym Ben Reilly and a holographic disguise device given to him by the Beast.

While on a mission to remove Spider-Man's powers, the Initiative employs three "Spider-Men" to aid in the capture of the Sinister Syndicate. They are called Scarlet Spiders by the War Machine. One of the people Mister Hyde gives Spider-Man's powers to appears in a costume that Ben Reilly wore as the Scarlet Spider in a jail cell.

Damon Ryder, using the alias "Raptor", later attacks Parker, mistaking him for Reilly. Ryder blames Reilly for the accidental death of his family, his mind warped by his mutation, but Spider-Man is able to defeat Ryder.

"Dead No More: The Clone Conspiracy"

Ben Reilly appears as part of the 2015 All-New, All-Different Marvel branding, in the form of the mysterious man in a brilliant red suit with an Anubis mask, that everybody believes to be Miles Warren. After his death at the hands of the Green Goblin, the Jackal collects Ben's dissolved remains and clones him. However, the Jackal finds problems with the cellular degradation. He has Ben killed 26 more times, all of which have Ben's life (and most of Peter's) flash before his eyes. In the process, Ben is driven insane by his deathly ordeals. Ben eventually breaks free and knocks out the Jackal. After he improves Warren's formula, he makes clones of Miles Warren and brainwashes the Jackal to believe that he is a clone, making it nearly impossible to tell who is the real one. Now free with a number of Miles Warren clones and the original as his servants, Ben becomes the new Jackal and is determined to repay the people who have influenced his and Peter's lives with the Jackal's technology to make sure that no one has to suffer again and those who have can become whole. Ben approaches several of Spider-Man's enemies with a chance to revive their lost loved ones if they follow his orders.Amazing Spider-Man (vol. 4) #4. Marvel Comics.Amazing Spider-Man (vol. 4) #16. Marvel Comics.FCBD 2016 Captain America #1. Marvel Comics. The revived ones are cloned by the Jackal.

The Jackal has New U Technologies obtain the bodies of Doctor Octopus, Alistair Smythe, and other villains for his "reanimations." When the Doctor Octopus-possessed Octobot orchestrated the reanimation of Doctor Octopus' body, Doctor Octopus disposed of the Peter Parker consciousness and took control of the body while emerging from the vat. The Jackal gives Doctor Octopus his tentacle pack and some New U Pills that would help prevent any clone degeneration.

Spider-Man infiltrates New U Technologies and chases after the Jackal. Following the Jackal into a room, Spider-Man is caught by surprise by Gwen Stacy and then ensnared by Doctor Octopus. After the Jackal breaks up the fight between Spider-Man and Doctor Octopus, he shows Spider-Man around the New U Technologies. After Spider-Man is rescued by Kaine and Spider-Woman of Earth-65, he is told that they visited unidentified alternate Earths where the collaboration of Parker Industries and New U Technologies resulted in humanity suffering a zombie apocalypse at the hands of the Carrion virus. Ben finally reveals himself to Peter and offers him the chance to bring back "their" Uncle Ben. Ben tells Peter that even if Peter does not feel like he deserves to have his loved ones brought back, most of them deserve a second chance at life. After hearing Ben's story and proposal, Peter becomes more interested.

Ben starts driving Spider-Man to the New U Technologies facility with Uncle Ben's corpse and explains to Peter that he made his company and vision come to life through emotionally blackmailing the higher-ups of society. He shows Peter the "Haven", a section of the facility set up like a normal neighborhood where Peter sees all of his resurrected friends and enemies. He tells Ben that the reason that he has not brought Uncle Ben back yet is because Uncle Ben would tell him that he is wrong and that he is using this power without responsibility. The Jackal orders Spider-Man's enemies to kill him. Anna Maria reveals that she knows how to stop the decaying process on the clones and the Jackal offers her the "Proto Clone" body in exchange for the formula. Doctor Octopus takes offense to the Jackal's comments on Maria's dwarfism and attacks his boss. When Doctor Octopus activates the Carrion virus, it starts spreading, which causes Anna to also be affected. The Jackal takes over J. Jonah Jameson's broadcast to tell the world that they will all die and be reborn.

During the fight, Ben knocks Kaine out of the facility. Doctor Octopus fights the Jackal to allow Peter and Anna Maria the time to transmit the frequency. When Spider-Man sends out a signal that prevents the clones from decaying, the clones of Ben Reilly, Doctor Octopus, and Gwen Stacy are seemingly reduced to dust. It is revealed during the fight that Doctor Octopus implanted his mind into the Proto Clone and Ben Reilly saved himself using New U Pills and Webware Technology. He returns to his safehouse (designed after Peter's childhood home) only to find the true Miles Warren back as the Jackal. The Jackal burns down Ben's safehouse before Ben defeats the Jackal in a fight, leaving the mad scientist to supposedly die in the fire in the process. Ben swings off, pondering what he is going to do with his life.

While unwinding at a bar, Dr. Rita Clarkson is met by a disguised and disfigured Ben Reilly. Though Rita regrets what New U Technologies did, Ben still believes that they were doing good for the people. He asks Rita for a loan, but she refuses until Ben saves her from some criminals who tried to kill her for New U Technologies' actions. She gives Ben a kiss before he heads off toward Broadway.

 Ben Reilly: The Scarlet Spider
Relocating to Las Vegas, Ben steals a variant Spider-Man outfit similar to Spidercide's from a cosplayer and starts to act as a hero once again, albeit making those he saves pay him for his assistance in return, while trying to make a discreet civilian life for himself. When one of his former New U Technologies clients named Cassandra Mercury threatens him to try and cure her daughter Abigail of a debilitating disease, Ben agrees to the offer in exchange for a lab and other resources. He adopts a perfect replica of his original Scarlet Spider outfit when a trio of 'fans' of Spider-Man break into the casino to try and confront a gangster, only for their would-be target to break the neck of the one in the traditional Spider-Man outfit. Ben tells the two survivors to depart after introducing himself and takes the costume from the other "Scarlet Spider". He is then confronted by Kaine Parker, who was looking for him in San Francisco. After an argument at Ben's hotel room, they begin to fight. Ben convinces Kaine to stand down by arguing that he is genuinely trying to cure Abigail Mercury's terminal condition, but Kaine makes it clear to Ben that he will kill his "brother" for protecting the world if Abigail dies and once Ben has saved her life. After Abigail Mercury dies because Ben tested a new drug on her too quickly, he is attacked by Kaine once again, only for Kaine to be "killed" by what appears to be Marlo Chandler. Though the Marlo Chandler look-a-like quickly identifies herself as actually being Death, using Marlo's form to communicate. She explains that she has an "interest" in Ben, as no other person has been brought back to life so often. Death reveals that he has "died" so many times that his soul has become corrupted and if he undergoes one more resurrection, he will likely suffer so much spiritual damage that his soul will be broken for good. She offers Ben the chance to restore the girl or Kaine to life before she departs. When Ben asks her to save both of them and kill him instead, Death not only heals the other two, but also restores Ben's vitality and appearance. Death also affirms that he has made a start on his efforts to redeem himself of his sins as the Jackal and become a superhero once more. However, after a confrontation with the newly-reformed Slingers saw Ben brutally attack a man for his apparent role in thefts of food from Ben's current employer, Ben learned that his new appearance will scar if he does anything to compromise his status as a hero, leaving him with a disfiguring scar around his right eye as he is faced with an order from the Slingers to surrender himself to the police for the beating. Confronting the Slingers, Ben learns that the new Hornet is actually Cyber, who was brought back to life by a demon possessing the Black Marvel, prompting Reilly to join forces with Kaine and the other Slingers to defeat the two. Reilly is nearly drowned by the Black Marvel, but Kaine is able to find a priest to bless the fountain and allow Reilly to destroy the demon. The Slingers forgive Reilly's earlier beating, acknowledging that there are shades of grey that they should recognize. Dusk passes on a warning to Reilly about Mysterio, but when Ben visits the ex-villain, Beck's story about his decision to retire after the time he died and went to Hell prompts Reilly to accept Beck's desire to move on from his past due to his own efforts to move on from past sins. Ben subsequently assists Doctor Strange and various other heroes in thwarting Mephisto's attempt to take the souls of several Las Vegas residents and guests to Hell, but in response, Mephisto creates a complex deception that stops Ben from saving Abigail in the belief that his 'cure' would condemn her to an immortal existence at her current age, subsequently altering Kaine and Cassandra's memories so that they will try to kill Ben in the belief that he withheld the cure for his own profit. Although Ben is killed by Kaine just as the hour runs out, his spirit is saved by Abigail as she ascends to an angelic level of existence thanks to his cure. Abigail rewards Ben for all of his sacrifices by offering to give him his life back, but Ben refuses, remembering Death's words that his soul would be shattered if he came back to life one more time. Nevertheless, Abigail does it anyway. Escaping from the body bag and ambulance that he was in, Ben is confronted by Mysterio's daughter, Misty. Ready for revenge, she is about to attack when Ben, not caring one bit, simply punches a hole through her stomach hard enough to kill her, only to discover that she was actually an android. He soon afterwards confronts and stabs Kaine several times, threatening him to get out of Vegas if he lives through this and then disappears to a rooftop, where he began laughing and sobbing in the rain.

Spider-Geddon
During the "Spider-Geddon" storyline, Superior Octopus becomes the Superior Spider-Man again and recruits Kaine to help fight the Inheritors. When Kaine suggests that they enlist Ben Reilly as well, the Superior Spider-Man states that the Inheritors are going to use technology from the defunct New U Technologies to rebuild their cloning machine. Kaine sees their point and both of them enter a portal. Overhearing what the Inheritors plan to do with his technology, Ben secretly follows the Superior Spider-Man and Kaine into the portal and volunteers his services - wanting to take responsibility for his villainous actions. Otto initially refused, still holding a grudge over Ben's deception as the Jackal, but Ben explained that having been killed and resurrected so many times had driven him insane and that he was trying to redeem himself, something that Otto should be able to identify with. Otto begrudgingly allowed Ben to join the team, but after Spider-Norman and Spiders-Man sundered Earth-616's connection to the Web of Life and Destiny, Otto seemingly betrayed Ben, giving him to the Inheritors in exchange for the other Spiders being left alone. Ben was killed once again when Jennix consumed him which in the process drove the Inheritor insane when he was forced to relive the memories of Ben's 29 deaths and resurrections. Ben was resurrected a 30th time by Otto, who revealed that he and Ben had planned for this to happen, and Ben stated that it had given him a clean slate, most likely returning him to the hero he was before, owing to him having died nobly to save the lives of other Spider-Totems.

Powers and equipment
As Spider-Man's clone, Ben Reilly possesses proportionate spider-like abilities and traits identical to Peter Parker's, including superhuman strength, speed, reflexes, stamina, durability and agility, along with the ability to crawl almost any surface granted by the van der Waals force. He also has a precognitive "spider-sense" that warns him of danger. Reilly's reflexes and stamina operate up to 40 times faster than those of a normal person, while his strength allows him to lift 150 times his own weight (around 10-15 tons), although he has lifted much more. Because Reilly was not in the role of Spider-Man for five years while traveling, his fighting style is less polished than that of Parker's. However, Kaine noted that Reilly is a calculating and cunning combatant, able to strategically defeat powerful opponents such as Venom, and thus he is more reliant on his tactics rather than his skills. He possesses Peter Parker's genius-level scientific intellect, and occasionally surpasses Parker in ingenuity of their shared expertise in the fields of applied science, chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, mathematics, and mechanics. Like Parker and in order to obtain jobs as a teaching assistant or laboratory assistant, Reilly is committed to better himself intellectually; he, with Dr. Seward Trainer's mentorship, taught himself to university graduate level despite not receiving a formal education. After enduring years of hardships, he develops a strong will powerful enough to not be overwhelmed by either the Venom nor the Carnage symbiotes' possession.

Due to being stalked by Kaine during the five years of his worldwide travels, Ben Reilly makes his own improvements over Peter Parker's original web-shooters for defenses against Kaine's attacks. Reilly's web-shooters still have triggers on the inside palm to fire a web-line from a turbine-driven spinneret. Though Reilly's web-shooters can still fire them with a variety of options of web patterns, it was done by a piezoelectric valving instead of a nozzle adjustment ring as Parker's. Three new weapons are designed within the modified shooters' launching pod. When twisting a shooter's wrist cuff, impact webbing is fired out as miniature web-pellets that explode on contact, encasing a target within a web cocoon and rendering him or her virtually immobile. Stingers are small, diamond-shaped darts coated with a paralyzing chemical agent to incapacitate opponents. Mini-dot tracers are miniaturized versions of Parker's spider-tracers (at 1/4" of their size), smaller and lighter and shaped like red diminutive Frisbees, which are even more difficult to detect and much faster when fired from Reilly's web-shooters. After Reilly assumes the role of Spider-Man, he then added legs to his tracers' casing to each shaped like a spider and thus resemble the standards' in appearance, along with for aerodynamic flight.  Because Reilly's web-shooters are bulkier than Peter Parker's as the result of the modifications, he wears them on the outside of his costume. Like Parker, Reilly also wears a belt that contains spare web cartridges.

While acting as the Jackal, Ben wears a scarlet business suit and an Egyptian-style Anubis mask. Like Kaine, that being a clone of Spider-Man, Reilly is immune to the worldwide mind purging of Spider-Man's identity by Mephisto and retains this knowledge.

After relocating to Las Vegas, Ben steals a Spider-Man-themed costume similar to another clone Spidercide's from a cosplayer, consisting of mostly red with a dark blue triangle on the chest and a red spider-emblem, along with a blue hood over a red mask. In his civilian identity, he initially wears a hoodie and large sunglasses to conceal the scarring caused by the flawed cloning process, before Death restores his health and appearance. He would later forcefully take a replica of his Scarlet Spider costume from a would-be "real-life superhero" after getting criticized over the first costume he stole, and also recreated his web-shooters.

As a result of his resurrection by Death, Ben was cured of the scars left by the cloning process that brought him back to life, but has learned that these scars will return to varying degrees if he compromises his heroic status, such as an assault on a civilian who had committed robberies, leaving Ben with new scarring around his right eye.

Other versions
MC2
 In the alternate future known as MC2, Ben Reilly's "niece" May Parker (Spider-Girl) wears his version of the Spider-Man costume and webshooters, having been raised on tales of her heroic "Uncle Ben". Like her father, May has an Uncle Ben. However, May never knew her uncle. Reilly's last words before his death are about her: "Take care of my niece, Peter...tell her about...her Uncle Ben." May Parker keeps Reilly's costume and webshooters in storage since his death, and uses them herself. When May asks her father about Reilly, however, Parker does not tell her that Reilly was a clone, but tells her that he was a cousin.
 Ben Reilly had a son by Janine Godbe (Elizabeth Tyne), named Reilly Tyne, who becomes a superhero called Darkdevil. Kaine's efforts to save his "nephew" from cellular degeneration resulted in him being partly possessed by the demon Zarathos and the spirit of the deceased Matt Murdock. Later in the series, Kaine reformed.
 Felicity Hardy, the daughter of Felicia Hardy (Black Cat), assumes the Scarlet Spider identity in an attempt to become partners with Spider-Girl. Peter Parker is angry at what he considers an inappropriate use of the identity.

Marvel Zombies

Ben Reilly is one of the heroes on the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier who survived the zombie plague. He is seen battling the zombies; however, this plan falls apart. Reilly's fate is unknown.

Ultimate Marvel
The Ultimate Marvel version of Ben Reilly is an African-American scientist who worked with Dr. Curt Connors at Empire State University. He combines a sample of Spider-Man's DNA with the Lizard's and the Venom symbiote to create the Carnage organism, and steals a second sample of Spider-Man's DNA from the lab. Reilly later works with Doctor Octopus, creating five clones of Spider-Man while employed by the CIA. One clone has Kaine's insane personality and facial scars and wears a makeshift version of Ben Reilly's costume.

What If?
 What If? #30, "What If Spider-Man's Clone Had Lived?", depicts a world where, after the Jackal's bomb explodes at Shea Stadium, both Spider-Men are knocked unconscious and the clone awakens before the original. The clone, believing that he is the original Peter Parker, puts Parker into stasis in one of the Jackal's clone-growing devices and attempts to continue with life as normal. However, the clone has no memories from the time before the cell samples he had been grown from were taken, and is confused and lost in the world of the real Peter Parker. This memory gap and the discovery of the Jackal's notes on his cloning process, leads the clone to realize what he truly is, and he frees the real Parker just in time for both of them to confront a threat from the Kingpin. Afterwards, the clone prepares to leave to seek his own fortune, but accepts an offer from Parker to co-operate in "shifts", switching between being Parker and Spider-Man. In this story, the clone never establishes a separate name for himself, and is referred to as "Spider-Clone", "brother", or "bro" by the original Parker.
 What If? (vol. 2) #86, "What If Scarlet Spider Killed Spider-Man?", gives an alternate ending of the "Clone Saga". During the time Spider-Man is under the Jackal's control, the Scarlet Spider and Spider-Man fight until there is an explosion. Reilly's body is later found washed ashore and Peter Parker is believed to be dead. Reilly awakens in hospital and finds Parker's friends and family, who believe he is Parker, around his bed. The following year, Reilly and Mary Jane discover that their baby, May, is dying of blood poisoning. One night, Reilly wakes to find that May has been kidnapped. Ben searches for her and meets the Green Goblin, who reveals that he is behind the "Clone Saga" and needs May's blood for a serum. The two fight atop the George Washington Bridge, where Gwen Stacy was killed. During the struggle, they both fall into the river below. Reilly resurfaces with the Goblin's mask and the serum and is met by Mary Jane. Reilly discovers that she knows that his true identity is Ben Reilly. Mary Jane thanks Reilly and tells him to find his own identity.

Spider-Man: Life StorySpider-Man: Life Story features an alternate continuity where the characters naturally age after Peter Parker becomes Spider-Man in 1962. Miles Warren was ordered by Norman Osborn to create clones of Norman and Peter. In 1977, Norman convinced Harry to attack Miles after discovering that Warren had created a clone of Gwen as well. Harry deduces that Norman had Miles clone Peter because Norman still viewed Peter as a more worthy successor over him and blows up the containment tubes with the clones. Peter's clone was the only survivor thanks to inheriting Spider-Man's powers. However, Miles reveals that the "Gwen" Peter was with was actually her clone while the real Gwen died in the explosion. A year later, Peter and Gwen's clones rename themselves as Ben and Helen Parker (later Reilly) and move out of New York for a second chance at life.

Ben eventually becomes a photojournalist in Chicago, where he also operates as the hero known as "the Red Mask". In 1995, he and Peter are kidnapped by Doctor Octopus and taken to Oscorp so Otto could learn how to extend his life by cloning. In the process, Otto discovers that Peter is supposedly the clone, while Ben was the original. Ben lashes out at Otto for the revelation before Otto attempts to kill them both and ends up murdering Harry instead. As Ben begins to have an identity crisis, Peter gives him a folder detailing his own life from the last 20 years and allows Ben the opportunity to retake his life as "Peter Parker" once more. It is later revealed that Peter found out that Norman had manipulated Otto into kidnapping them and rigged the results, meaning that Ben is still the clone. However, Peter allowed Ben to take over his life so he could live quietly with Mary Jane and his children.

In 2006, Ben is murdered by Morlun, as Peter ignored Ezekiel's warnings about him in this timeline, prompting Peter to return to New York to reveal that he is the true Peter Parker so he could prevent Morlun from coming after his family and stop Tony Stark from taking over Parker Industries.

Spider-Man: The Clone Saga
In September 2009, a six-issue miniseries based on the Clone Saga comics of the 1990s, titled Spider-Man: The Clone Saga, was issued. The purpose of the miniseries was to tell the story as it was initially conceived. It is a condensed version of the Clone Saga without the plot points involving Traveler, Scrier, and covers several months of a fictional time period. The first issue introduces readers to the characters Ben Reilly and Kaine, and addresses Mary Jane's pregnancy and Aunt May's hospitalization. Reilly and Parker bond after Kaine attacks them, and Reilly decides to stay in New York, pretending to be Peter's blonde-haired cousin so that he can build his own life. Reilly adopts the identity of the Scarlet Spider and begins working at the Daily Grind.

Reilly and Parker later work with Kaine to reach the lair of the shadowy figure responsible for infecting Mary Jane and Aunt May with a deadly genetic virus. The mysterious villain is revealed to be the Jackal, who captures all three and reveals his plans to make an army of Spider-Man clones in order to take over the world. Since Reilly is the only stable clone, the Jackal takes a sample of his blood to perfect his cloning technique. When the Jackal reveals another stage of his plan, to clone Gwen Stacy and another unknown figure, Kaine goes berserk and breaks himself, Parker and Reilly free. During the subsequent fight, the clones dissolve and the Jackal plants the first seed of doubt over who is the original Peter Parker. After Kaine kills the Jackal, Reilly and Parker escape with the cure for Aunt May's and Mary Jane's virus. Parker retires and hands the Spider-Man identity to Reilly. Reilly spends several months in the role, while Parker gets ready to become a father. Reilly is shown as a less-polished Spider-Man and is somewhat insecure due to his relative inexperience because of his exile. Eventually, Mary Jane gives birth, Allison Mongrain kidnaps the baby, and later gives it to Kaine.

When Reilly goes searching for the baby, he is attacked by the Green Goblin, who is revealed to be Harry Osborn and working with Kaine. Though Reilly appears to gain the upper hand in the ensuing fight, the Goblin impales him in the back with his Goblin Glider. Miraculously, Reilly survives the attack. Osborn had been plotting his revenge against Parker since his apparent heart attack. Osborn creates a clone of his father, Norman, to help him defeat Parker and Reilly; however, Norman jumps in front of Harry's Goblin Glider as it is about to hit Parker and is impaled in the back. Afterwards, Kaine returns baby May to Parker and Mary Jane, Aunt May survives and wants to help raise the child, and Ben Reilly leaves once again to travel the world and find a life for himself.

"Spider-Verse"
During the 2014 "Spider-Verse" storyline, Ben Reilly of Earth-94 was recruited into a team of multiverse Spider-Totems who were teaming up to fend off the Inheritors, who were trying to devour each and every Spider-Totem. In this particular universe, Peter Parker's powers did not return, with Peter remaining in Oregon while Ben has developed into a far lighter character without the burden of Peter's past, particularly aided by the string of successes that he had as Spider-Man, including saving Marla Jameson from Alistair Smythe and preventing Doctor Octopus from taking his body.

This version of Ben Reilly lead a team featuring fellow clones Kaine of Earth-616 and the Jessica Drew of Earth-1610 who are sent on a mission that requires their 'expertise' as clones of Spider-Man. Their mission sends them to Earth-802, a world conquered by the Inheritors and ruled over by the Inheritor Jennix, whose efforts to clone Spider-Totems failed to clone the Spider-Essence itself. Despite their best efforts to infiltrate said world, the Spider-Clones would end up doing battle with the dimension's versions of Iron Man and the Human Torch, as well as Jennix himself, before Reilly later sacrificed himself to destroy the Inheritors' cloning facility; which they used to resurrect themselves if they fell during their trips to other worlds.

In other media
Television

 An evil clone appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man 1970s television series. He was seen in the episode "Night of the Clones".
 The Scarlet Spider made a non-voiced appearance in the X-Men The Animated Series episode “One Man’s Worth, Part One”
 The Scarlet Spider made another non-voiced cameo appearance on the 1990s Fantastic Four animated series. In the episode "Nightmare in Green", his shadowed figure can be seen hanging underneath a building ledge.
 The Scarlet Spider (Ben Reilly) made his first official appearance in Spider-Man: The Animated Series, voiced by Christopher Daniel Barnes. In an alternate reality from the main series reality, it begins with it being unknown whether the Scarlet Spider is Spider-Man's clone or vice versa as Miles Warren had "robbed them of their pasts". Due to the confusion, one is Ben Reilly (wanting to just escape the mystery of Peter Parker's life) and adopts the Scarlet Spider alias. After some help from his friends, Ben discovers that he is indeed the original after so much mystery. Although relieved to learn he was the true Peter Parker all along, he still chooses to keep up his new life as Ben Reilly; feeling it just became who he was meant to be. The other (revealed to be the clone from the start) discovers the truth himself some way and meets up with the Scarlet Spider at the Kingpin's lair; only he is there to kill Ben and be the only Peter Parker, driven mad by jealousy. The Carnage symbiote emerges from an open inter-dimensional portal and bonds with the Spider-man clone, and is driven completely insane; turning into Spider-Carnage. In the series finale where numerous versions of Spider-Man from different realities team up to stop Spider-Carnage, the Scarlet Spider tells his origin to Spider-Man who remarks "This is starting to sound like a bad comic book plot!". Spider-Carnage nearly destroys the entire multiverse, but the Beyonder and Madame Web are able to rewind time enough to gather Spider-Men capable of stopping this destruction, with the Scarlet Spider being among them.
 The Scarlet Spider is featured in Ultimate Spider-Man vs. The Sinister Six, voiced by Scott Porter. Shown to have stingers under his arms and a personal vendetta against Doctor Octopus, this version's costume is Kaine Parker's from the original comics, but has Ben Reilly's name. The Scarlet Spider's personality is a mix of Kaine's aggressiveness and Reilly's loyalty and dedication. When first introduced, he refers to himself as 'the first spider' and 'not of [this] world' as he reluctantly works in the Web Warriors alongside Spider-Man (Peter Parker), Flash Thompson as Agent Venom, the Iron Spider (Amadeus Cho) and Miles Morales as Kid Arachnid. His origin and identity are deliberately left vague until his name is given to him by May Parker when unmasked and shown with a scar on his face. The Scarlet Spider plays a central role in "The New Sinister 6" two-part episode. During the Sinister Six's attack on the Triskelion, it was revealed that the Scarlet Spider was Doctor Octopus' spy in the S.H.I.E.L.D. Academy as the Sinister Seven's secret member. The Scarlet Spider defeats, then unmasks Peter in front of Doctor Octopus. It is apparently revealed that Doctor Octopus took the Scarlet Spider in and is behind his powers. The Scarlet Spider watches as Doctor Octopus uses the invention to turn HYDRA Island into Octopus Island. When May gets captured, the Scarlet Spider is persuaded by May to help Spider-Man, thus Ben fights off his former master for Peter and May. When Octopus Island starts to implode, Ben shoots an escape pod with Spider-Man and May out of Octopus Island, and then pilots Octopus Island to crash into the harbor; Spider-Man was unable to find the Scarlet Spider's body. In reality, Ben is actually alive but decides to stay in the shadows from his allies and enemies alike, yet soon becomes suspicious of his actual origin and decided to confront Doctor Octopus for this further information, which is later continued in "The Spider-Slayers" three-part episode where he takes Doctor Octopus with him to HYDRA Island and tells Spider-Man and Spider-Woman not to follow him. He learns the truth about being a synthezoid with Spider-Man´s DNA and who is also the Spider-Slayers' leader. Following a graduation ceremony, the Scarlet Spider becomes a S.H.I.E.L.D. Academy teacher in the series finale.

Film
 The design for Peter Parker's homemade suit in Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) pays homage to Ben Reilly's original Scarlet Spider suit. Concept art by design artist Ryan Meinerding depicts an alternative version of the suit that was intended to be a representation of the Scarlet Spider.

 The design of the Iron Spider suit in Avengers: Infinity War (2018) bears a striking resemblance to Ben Reilly's Spider-Man suit.

 In Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018), the appearance of the Peter Parker/Spider-Man of Miles Morales' dimension, having blond hair, is a homage to Ben Reilly's dyed blonde hair during his run as Spider-Man.

Video games
 Ben Reilly's Scarlet Spider and Spider-Man costumes can be worn by Spider-Man (Peter Parker) in the 2000 Spider-Man video game and Spider-Man 2: Enter Electro.
 Ben Reilly's Spider-Man and Spider-Carnage costumes can be worn by Spider-Man (Peter Parker) in the Wii version of Spider-Man: Web of Shadows.
 The Scarlet Spider's costume is one of Spider-Man's alternate costumes in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions, Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3, Spider-Man: Edge of Time, and Marvel's Spider-Man.
 Spider-Carnage's costume can be unlocked in The Amazing Spider-Man 2.
 Ben Reilly is a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online as both the Scarlet Spider (voiced by Chris Cox) and Spider-Man (voiced by Yuri Lowenthal).
 Ben Reilly appears as a playable character in Spider-Man Unlimited as the Scarlet Spider and Spider-Carnage.
 Scarlet Spider is a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.

Toys
Action figures of the character have been released over the years, including some released after the character's death:
 1996: The Scarlet-Spider (Ben Reilly) as an action figure by ToyBiz in the "Marvel OverPower Card Game – PowerSurge Invincibles" toyline.
 1996: Spider-Man (Ben Reilly) with venom containment gear, featured as an action figure by ToyBiz.
 1997: Spider-Carnage featured as an action figure by ToyBiz in the Spider-Man/Venom – Along Came a Spider toyline.
 2002: The Scarlet Spider (Ben Reilly) was a KB Toys exclusive in the Spider-Man Classics toyline.
 2004: The Spider-Man Classics range from ToyBiz featured a Spider-Man (Ben Reilly) figure, which is slightly oversized compared to other figures in the range, is missing his wrist-mounted web-shooters, and comes with a missile launching backpack.
 2004: Spider-Man (Ben Reilly) featured as a Kubrick in a five-figure Spider-Man box set released by Medicom Toy.
 2005: The Scarlet Spider (Ben Reilly) featured as a Kubrick in Medicom Toy's Marvel Super-Heroes Series 4 toyline.
 2005: Spider-Man (Ben Reilly) and Spider-Carnage Minimates were available in Series 10.
 2007: A Scarlet Spider (Ben Reilly) Minimate was sold with the Hobgoblin.
 2008: Ben Reilly, in his redesigned Spider-Man costume, was featured as a figure in the Ares Build-A-Figure series of Marvel Legends. Although he is in his Spider-Man costume, his figure is labeled as "Scarlet Spider" to differentiate him from the Peter Parker versions. Additionally, just one of the pictures on the package is Ben Reilly, being one art from the cover of Spider-Girl #94, and another from The Amazing Spider-Man #509.
 2009/2010: Marvel's Super-Hero Squad range features both a Scarlet Spider figure (named "Ben Reilly Spider-Man" and packaged with Bullseye) and one of his re-designed Spider-Man costume (packaged both individually and with Carnage).
 2016: Marvel's Marvel Legends was packaged as "Ben Reilly Spider-Man". This figure came with four sets of interchangeable hands, including a Spider-Carnage set and a Spider-Carnage interchangeable head. The packaging is the same as used with the Spider-Gwen action figure in the same line.
 The Lego set 76057 Spider-Man: Web Warriors Bridge Battle'' features a Scarlet Spider minifigure.

Collected editions

Notes


Janai Brugger

Janai Brugger (born January 3, 1983) is an American operatic soprano who has won several major music competitions and appeared in leading roles with several American opera companies. In 2014, music critic F. Paul Driscoll described her in Opera News as "gifted with a supple, beautifully shaded lyric soprano."

Education and early career
Born in Chicago, Illinois, Brugger earned a Bachelor of Music degree in 2005 from DePaul University in Chicago, which she attended through scholarships provided by the National Society of Collegiate Scholars. That same year, she won first place in the National Association of Teachers of Singing competition. While attending DePaul, she performed roles in several student opera productions, including Dido in Dido and Aeneas, Ilia in Idomeneo, and Mercedes in Carmen. She later studied voice with Shirley Verrett at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance, earning a master's degree in vocal performance in 2009. At Michigan, she performed the role of Tatyana in Eugene Onegin under conductor Martin Katz.

In 2006, Brugger became a member of the young artist program at Chicago Opera Theater, where she made her professional opera debut as the First Witch in Dido and Aeneas. That same year, she pursued further studies at the Chautauqua Institution with Marlena Malas and appeared as a soloist with the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra under conductor Raymond Leppard. In 2008, Brugger won a position in "The Song Continues" masterclass at Carnegie Hall, where she worked with Marilyn Horne. In 2009, she portrayed the role of Adina in The Elixir of Love for the Lyric Opera of Chicago's “Opera in the Neighborhoods” program.

In 2010, Brugger became a member of the San Francisco Opera's Merola Opera Program. From 2010 to 2012, Brugger was a member of the Young Artist Program at the Los Angeles Opera (LAO). She made her debut with the LAO as Barbarina in The Marriage of Figaro in October 2010. She has since appeared with the LAO as the page in Rigoletto (2010), Musetta in La Boheme (2012), and Pamina in The Magic Flute (2013).

Career
In 2012, Brugger won the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions and was awarded the zarzuela prize and the "Prize of the Public at the Operalia, The World Opera Competition. Since then her career has flourished. In 2012, she made her debut with the Metropolitan Opera as Liu in Turandot,  her debut with the Palm Beach Opera as Juliette in Roméo et Juliette, and appeared as both The First Lady in The Magic Flute, as well as the soprano soloist in Kurt Weill's Die Zaubernacht at the Ravinia Festival with conductor James Conlon leading the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO).

In 2013, Brugger appeared as a soloist with the CSO again at the Cincinnati May Festival, performed under conductor Christopher Bell at the Grant Park Music Festival, portrayed the High Priestess in Aida at the Hollywood Bowl, made her debut at the Hawaii Opera Theatre as Liu, and made her European debut at the Peter Dvorský International Music Festival. In February 2014, Brugger returned to the Metropolitan Opera as Helena in The Enchanted Island. She made her debut with Opera Colorado as Micaëla in Carmen in May 2014.


Casualty lifting

Casualty lifting is the first step of casualty movement, an early aspect of emergency medical care. It is the procedure used to put the casualty (the patient) on a stretcher.

Developed emergency services use lifting devices, such as scoop stretchers, that allow secured lifting with minimal personnel. Other methods (explained below) can be used when such devices are not available.

Since only stabilised casualties are moved (except in unusual circumstances), the lifting is usually never performed in emergency; emergency movements are sometimes performed to respect the Golden Hour. This depends on the organisation of the medical services and on the specific circumstances.

Maximum care must be taken to avoid to worsen an unstable trauma. The head-neck-chest axis must be kept straight to protect the spine, and the first responders must keep the patient's body stable (no movement of the feet) during the lift.

The first responders have to carry a heavy load (probably more than 20 kg for an adult casualty) in an uncomfortable position. There is thus a risk of injury to the carrier, especially of the lumbar back. To avoid an injury, they must push with their legs (quadriceps), trying to keep their back straight.

Preparation of the stretcher

The stretcher must be unfolded, and the hinges secured and tested: a first responder presses the cloth with his/her knee at several points.
When a vacuum mattress is used, it must be put on the stretcher, and the balls must be evenly distributed.
A blanket is often used since hypothermia is a major risk for a casualty. The blanket must be wrapped around the casualty to avoid the heat leak from below (this is not necessary when the stretcher has a mattress, e.g. a vacuum mattress, or in case of an ambulance stretcher). For this purpose, the blanket is put before the lifting, and folded in a specific way:
 the blanket is laid so the diagonal is along the axis of the stretcher;
 the corners are put on the centre of the stretcher;
 the folded part are then rolled towards the stretcher;
 the rolls are then put under the blanket, so they will not unroll spontaneously; the corners are sticking out so they can be pulled.

Scoop stretcher

The use of a scoop stretcher allows a secure lifting with only two team members even in case of a spinal trauma. The use of this device is thus recommended for most operations.

However, in many situations, there is a lack not of people but of devices. Additionally, the scoop stretcher does not allow to maintain the legs up or a half-seated position for the casualty. For these reasons, the other methods are still taught.

Vertical lift (straddle lift)

With five team members

The most secured way to put a casualty on a stretcher is to use a vertical lift with five first responders including the chief (the procedure is called pont amélioré in French, pont refers to a gantry, amélioré means "enhanced"). The casualty is lifted by four first responders:
 the chief has one knee down, one knee up, and holds the head; he/she can hold it by sliding the finger under the head, the palm placed on each side of the head; or he/she can place one hand under the neck and hold the occiput, the other hand under the chin;
 the first team member supports himself/herself on the shoulder of another team member, and steps over the casualty; he/she puts his/her hands under the shoulders;
 the second team member supports himself/herself on the shoulder of another team member, and steps over the casualty; he/she puts his/her hands under the hip;
 the third team member hold the ankles;
 the fourth team member pushes the stretcher.
The feet of the team members must be enough spaced so the stretcher can slide in between. If the chief uses the occipital-chin grip, the knee that is up is the knee on the side of the hand under the neck: as this arm supports the heaviest weight, it can supports itself on the knee.

Another method consists in placing the team members at both sides of the casualty and holding the cloths. The cloths must be strong enough.

On the order of the chief, the casualty is lifted, the stretcher is pushed, and the casualty is put down on the stretcher. During this procedure, the chief remains kneeling (stable); the other team members lift pushing with their legs (arms stretched out, back kept straight). Then, the first and second team members pull back, supporting themselves on the shoulder of a still standing member.

With this method, the movement of the casualty is minimal, just vertical.

When there is no room at the feet of the casualty for the stretcher, it must then be placed on the side of the head. The chief must then kneel aside. If he uses the occipital-chin grip, the hand under the neck must be the closest to the casualty's feet; the same knee is up.

With four team members

With only four first responders, it is necessary to use a "simple" lift (pont simple in French): the chief plays the role of the first team member, stepping over the casualty and placing one hand under the neck, the other hand under the back, between the shoulder blades. The stretcher can come from the feet or from the head. This method is not adapted in case of suspicion of a spine trauma.

With two team members
When the casualty has no specific trauma, it is possible to slide a long spine board little by little. A team member lifts a part of the body (head, then shoulders, then hips), and the other one slide the board.

Lifting with a strap

A handling strap can help the lifting. The strap for this use should be  long, at least  wide to share out the weight and avoid the pain, and resist at least to a weight of .

The strap is slid under the casualty: the flat profile can slide easily under the back and the pelvis without lifting the casualty. This strap will form two handles, thus, the team member at the pelvis will have a better grip and a vertical back; the strap crosses in the middle of the back, thus the team member at the head (lifting with four team members) are at the shoulders (lifting with five team members) does not have to put his/her arms between the shoulder blades, and can then lift with a vertical back. The verticality of the back of the team members is particularly important in case of an overweight casualty.

The strap can be put with two method:
 when the hollow of the back (just above the pelvis) is small (left picture), then the strap is slid in this hollow until its middle; then, each end is slid under the neck, the two branches of the strap are slid under the back, then the middle part is slid under the buttock;
 when the hollow of the back is enough high (right picture): the strap is folded in three, then slid in under the hollow of the back; the two extremities are slid towards the shoulders, and the middle part is slid under the buttocks.
Then, one extremity of the strap goes on a shoulder of the team member and under his/hers opposite armpit (it crosses the back), and is tied to the other or held together by the team member; a hand is also put under the neck to support the head.

Translation lift

The translation lift, or "Dutch" lift, is used when it is not possible to push the stretcher: there no room for the stretcher at the feet or head of the casualty, or the stretcher cannot slide/roll on the ground, or there are not enough first responders available. In such a case, the stretcher is placed besides the casualty.

With four first responders (including the chief), the first and second team members step over the casualty and the stretcher, the foot is on the farthest pole of the stretcher. The chief holds the closest pole with his/her knee on the ground, and the third team member with his/her ankle. The positions of the hands are the same as for the vertical lift with five first responders.

The first in place is the chief. The stretcher is slid besides the casualty, the pole against the thigh of the chief. Then, the third team member takes place. Once the both extremities of the pole are blocked, the other team members can step over the casualty (one by one, holding the others' shoulder to avoid falling) without any risk of rocking for the stretcher.

On the order of the chief, the casualty is lifted and translated on the stretcher.

This method can be performed with only three first responders. In this case, the chief plays the role of the first team member; blocking the pole with his/her ankle, and putting one hand under the neck, the other one under the back, between the shoulder blades. Only the team member at the hips steps over the stretcher.

Rolling methods (log roll)

The rolling methods can only be used on a casualty who does not have an unstable trauma. They are especially helpful for heavy weighted casualties: the rolling does not require much effort, and the lifting itself is done in a more comfortable position (the back of the first responders is vertical). They are also interesting when the casualty is in a very narrow place such as a pit or a ditch: the rolling allows sliding the lifting device (board, flexible stretcher, halves of the scoop stretcher).

The rolling methods consist in rolling the casualty on his/her side; it is then possible:
 to put a long spine board against his/her back, then to roll back the casualty on his/her back;
 to slide a folded flexible stretcher (or a blanket); the casualty is then rolled on the other side to unfold the flexible stretcher.
The casualty can then be lifted with the handles of the long spine board or of the flexible stretcher (or holding the rolled sides of the blanket), and put on the stretcher.

Usually, the method is done with four first responders, including the chief:
 the chief is kneeling at the head, in the axis of the casualty, and holds the head;
 the first team member is kneeling besides the casualty, and holds the opposite shoulder and the opposite hip;
 the second team member is kneeling at the feet, in the axis of the victim, and holds the ankles;
 at the order of the chief, the casualty is rolled towards the first team member, and the fourth team member puts the board or the flexible stretcher in place.
This method can be adapted to place a casualty on a vacuum mattress (see this article).

This method can also be performed by only two first responders: the chief plays the role of the first team member, and the only team member deals with the board (neither the head nor the ankles are gripped). This is rather traumatic for the casualty, but can be used when there is non suspicion of trauma, either in emergency (e.g. to transport a cardiac arrest when advanced life support cannot be performed on site), or when the first responders are lacking.

The method with a flexible stretcher was inspired by the method used to change the sheets of an impotent patient at the hospital. The flexible stretcher is placed beside the casualty, and a sheet is put on it. The third of the stretcher that is the closest to the casualty is folded on the middle third. The casualty is first rolled away from the stretcher, and the stretcher is slid against the back of the casualty. Then the casualty is put on his/her back and rolled on the other side; the stretcher and the sheet are unfolded. The casualty is wrapped into the sheet, and can be lifted with the handles of the flexible stretcher.

It is also possible to use a roll-and-lift method, or "spoon" lifting (relevage à la cuiller in French), with three people:
 the first responders are placed on the same side of the casualty; the knee that is closest to the head is lifted, the other one is on the ground;
 the chief is at the head; putting one arm under the neck and reaching the opposite shoulder, the other arm under the back;
 the first team member is besides the pelvis; having one arm under the back, one arm under the back, the other one under the thighs;
 the third team member supports the legs.
At the order of the chief, the casualty is lifted and put on the lifted knees of the first responders. Then, the casualty is flattened against the chests, and the first responders stand up. They move towards the stretcher; there, they put one knee on the ground (the closest to the casualty's feet), lay the casualty on his/her back, and move the casualty from their knees to the stretcher. For this last movement, additional first responders can be placed at the opposite side of the stretcher to help the landing.

The spoon lifting can also be used for emergency movements of a casualty when a spine trauma is suspected, e.g. the casualty is unconscious and is threatened by a fast rise of water level (flood).

Seated person
Sometimes, it is necessary to lift a seated or half seated person: the seating position is adapted for a conscious person with a chest trauma or of respiratory difficulties.

For this, two team members are placed on each side of the casualty; they place one hand under the buttock, the other under the opposite armpit; the casualty places his/her arms around the neck of the team members. A third team member lifts the legs as usual, and a fourth pushes the stretcher.

When a heart problem is suspected, the casualty should not lift his/her arms. In this case, a short strap () can be used: one extremity is slid under the buttock, the other goes under each armpit (and thus crosses the back of the casualty); the extremities are tied to form a ring. The team members use this ring as handles; mind that the head of the casualty is not held.

A long strap () allows the lifting with only three team members:
 a short extremity is slid under the buttocks;
 a team members is placed over the legs of the casualty, facing him/her; the long extremity goes under the team member's armpit and over his/her opposite shoulder;
 this extremity then goes under the armpits of the casualty, and again under the team member's shoulder.
Both extremities are tied or held together by the team member; it makes a cross in the back of the first responder.
The team member can then support the hole weight of the top of the casualty's body while keeping a vertical back.

the long extremity goes on the team member's shoulder and under his/her opposite armpit; then this extremity then goes under the armpits of the casualty, and again on the team member's shoulder.
With this possibility, all the weight is on one shoulder; it can be interesting when the first responder has a loose foothold on one side, or has a problem with one shoulder but cannot be replaced by another team member.

When the casualty is seating on a chair and the seated position (with legs down) is possible (i.e. no problem of blood circulation), and if the chair has fixed legs and cannot be folded, then the chair itself can be used for the transport. Otherwise, the chair can be replaced by a wheelchair or a stretcher:
 two team members take place besides the casualty as usual;
 when they lift, a third team member re-removes the chair;
 he/she then puts the wheelchair, or deals with the causality's legs as a fourth team member pushes the stretcher.

In some cases, the casualty is found seated but a spine trauma is suspected (e.g. the casualty sat upright after an accident, or fell
in this position). In this case, the casualty must be transported lying; a long spine board is put against his/her back to support it while he/she is laid down. When the casualty is on a chair, then the board is slid between the back of the casualty and the back of the chair, and the chair is laid down; the use of an extrication splint (KED) is particularly interesting in this context.


Guilherme Rau

Guilherme Rau (?–1953) immigrated to Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil from Germany in 1900. An ophthalmologist, from 1915 to 1917 he helped with the Geological Survey of Berlin's excavation of 200 fossil at the Paleontological Site Sanga of Alemoa. He also contributed considerably to the Geopark of Paleorrota and taught Botany at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the city in the years 1934 and 1935.


Rhys Mathieson

Rhys Mathieson (born 10 January 1997) is a professional Australian rules footballer with the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was recruited by the Brisbane Lions with the 39th selection in the 2015 national draft. At 1.87 metres (6 ft 2 in) tall and weighing 84 kilograms (185 lb), he plays as a Midfielder and is known for his ability to win contested ball. He played his first senior game in round 9 of the 2016 season against Melbourne. In his time at the Lions he has been known for his on-field antics, in particular his goal celebrations. Upon kicking his first AFL goal, Rhys celebrated with a 'shotgun' move made famous by Hawthorn's Mark WIlliams and faced some criticism for this showboating, while the Lions were losing to GWS in round 17, 2016.

Statistics
 Statistics are correct to the end of the 2017 season

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016
|
| 36 || 11 || 8 || 3 || 100 || 101 || 201 || 26 || 41 || 0.7 || 0.3 || 9.1 || 9.2 || 18.3 || 2.4 || 3.7
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2017
|
| 36 || 13 || 8 || 1 || 106 || 130 || 236 || 44 || 47 || 0.6 || 0.1 || 8.2 || 10.0 || 18.2 || 3.4 || 3.6
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 24
! 16
! 4
! 206
! 231
! 437
! 70
! 88
! 0.7
! 0.2
! 8.6
! 9.6
! 18.2
! 2.9
! 3.7
|}


William Allan (geneticist)

William Allan (1881–1943) was an American physician and geneticist who made pioneering studies in human genetics and hereditary diseases. He established the first course in human genetics, at the Bowman Gray School of Medicine, which is now a part of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center.

At Bowman Gray School of Medicine, the first department of medical genetics in the United States was established, and William Allan was appointed as the department’s first chairman. Prior to this appointment, Allan had been in private practice in Charlotte, North Carolina, where he was nationally recognized for his early work in human and medical genetics. As chairman of this new department, William Allan also directed the nation’s first research program in medical genetics, funded by the Carnegie Foundation.

The American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) named its highest honor for Allan in 1961. The William Allan Award is presented annually by ASHG to recognize substantial and far-reaching scientific contributions to human genetics carried out over a sustained period of scientific inquiry and productivity. An award of $10,000 and an engraved medal are presented at the ASH annual meeting.

Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome

This condition, which occurs almost exclusively in males, disrupts development from before birth. It is named eponymously for William Allan, Florence C. Dudley, and C. Nash Herndon.
Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome is a rare disorder of brain development that causes moderate to severe mental retardation and problems with movement.


Richard Johnson (director)

Richard Johnson (born April 11, 1974) is an American film director who founded Joystick Films in 2005. Johnson wrote and directed the independent drama film TORN in 2008 and the independent action film Razorblade City in 2009. Johnson along with producer Corey Williams won the TOMI Film Festival 2010 Filmmaker spotlight award in Dallas, Texas for the comedy Can't Complain which he directed in 2009. In 2010, Johnson directed the independent feature film King of Baltimore and the short independent films The Charl(Y)ie Factor and Gathering Souls.

Filmography
TORN (2009): writer / director
Can't Complain (2009): director
Razorblade City (2010): writer / director
King of Baltimore (2010): director
The Charl(Y)i.e. Factor (2010): writer / director
Gathering Souls (2010): director

External links
 http://www.exploreharford.com/news/3062/shot-harford/
 http://www.exploreharford.com/news/3371/harford-movies/
 https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3748688/
 https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1569543/
 https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1547625/
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1735477/
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1719701/


Closer (Capone-N-Noreaga song)

Closer is the third single from Capone-N-Noreaga's debut album The War Report. The song samples "Closer Than Friends" by Surface and "Promise Me" by Luther Vandross. All of the verses in the song are performed by Noreaga whilst singer Nneka performs the hook.

Music video
A music video, directed by Diane Martel, was released for the Sam Sneed remix of the song. Towards the end of the video the song switches to another song on the album called "Driver's Seat". Capone does not rap nor appear in the video.

Charts

External links


Izaiaš

Izaiaš is the Czech and Slovak form of the Hebrew name Isaiah. The Name Day is celebrated on July 6.

External links
Behind the Name


Abortion in Serbia

Abortion in Serbia was legalized in its current form (in Serbia and the other former Yugoslav republics) on October 7, 1977. Abortion is available on-demand for women whose pregnancies have not exceeded the tenth week, and in the case of risk to life or health of woman (no limit specified), or when the pregnancy has resulted from a sex offence (including rape or incest), or in case of fetal impairment up to twenty weeks. Minors under 16 require parental consent before undergoing an abortion.

Some estimates suggest that Serbia  has the highest abortion rate in Europe. Official data from the Belgrade Institute of Public Health claims that 23,000 abortions are performed in Serbia annually, but unofficial data suggests a number as high as 150,000. Although abortions performed after ten weeks must be done only if there is a specific approved reason, in practice, abortions on demand are performed later than the legal limit - women often obtain fake medical documentation, for example, a note from a psychiatrist stating that they are mentally unstable. Furthermore, doctors who want to perform abortions have to obtain a license; because the process of obtaining this license can be strict and complicated many doctors work illegally without a license, and do not report the abortions that they perform. Until recently, abortion was a leading method of birth control in what is now the country of Serbia. Lack of sex education, coupled with little to no knowledge of contraception methods led to many unwanted pregnancies, and with them, a high number of terminations. In the 1970s and 1980s, approximately 12 percent of sexually active women in Serbia used modern contraception such as condoms.

In 2009, 23.2% of pregnancies in Serbia ended in abortion. The highest year on record was 1989, when 68% of pregnancies were terminated. As recently as 2006, Serbia continued to have the highest rate of abortions out of the former Yugoslav republics.

Mifepristone (medical abortion) was registered in 2002.

Public opinion
A Pew Research poll from 2017 showed that 63% of Serbians believe abortion should be legal in all/most cases, while 31% think it should be illegal in all/most cases.


Merryland

The Merryland books were a genre of English 17th and 18th century erotic fiction in which the female body was described in terms of a topographical metaphor derived from a pun on Maryland. Four of the titles were published by 18th century controversialist Edmund Curll (c. 1675–1747).

The earliest work in this genre seems to be Erotopolis: The Present State of Bettyland (1684) probably by Charles Cotton. This was included, in abbreviated form, in Curll's The Potent Ally: or Succours from Merryland (1741). Other works published by Curll include  A New Description of Merryland. Containing a Topographical, Geographical and Natural History of that Country (1740) by Thomas Stretzer (whose name is sometimes given as "Stretser" and of whom nothing is known), Merryland Displayed (1741) and set of maps entitled A Compleat Set of Charts of the Coasts of Merryland (1745).

Stretzer's book was typical of the genre in depicting the female body as a landscape that men explore, till, and plow. For example, he writes: "Her valleys are like Eden, her hills like Lebanon, she is a paradise of pleasure and a garden of delight." Sometimes, the metaphor of female form equals landscape changes, but the objectification of the female body remains intact; only the image is changed, as when, for example, in another passage, the novel's narrator, Roger Pheuquewell, describes the uterus ("Utrs," as the author simply contracts vowels without graphical indication) as resembling "one of our common pint bottles, with the neck downwards." It is remarkable, he says, for expanding infinitely, the more it is filled, and contracting when there is no crop to hold.  Similarly, in Charles Cotton's Erotopolis: The Present State of Bettyland, the female body is an island farmed by men.

Stretzer's book is dedicated to George Cheyne, who, at that time, would not be known for vegetarianism, but, rather, alleged deism. Merryland combines the traditional language of Song of Songs, the microcosm of classical education, and, most pointedly, the tropes of Book II of Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.  In Book II, Gulliver reports that he was used in ways that a gentleman should not endure by the giant girls who undress in his presence.  The erotic possibilities were dismissed in Swift's account, but Curll, who was an enemy of Swift's, would have quickly seen the pornographic possibilities, especially as he had already produced a "Key" to Gulliver and had attempted to siphon off Swift's sales.  Curll's practice was to hire impoverished authors for commissioned works on pornography, and his stable of hired authors was substantial.

After Curll's death further books appeared by different authors, using a similar topographical metaphor for the female body. The last book in the genre is a parody of Laurence Sterne's A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy (1768) entitled  La Souriciere. The Mousetrap. A Facetious and Sentimental Excursion through part of Austrian Flanders and France (1794) by "Timothy Touchit".

Modern editions
Stretzer, Thomas. Merryland. Published by Robin Hood House, 1932.
Merryland. In v.3 of Eighteenth-Century British Erotica, edited by Alexander Pettit and Patrick Spedding. London: Pickering and Chatto, 2002.
Merryland. New York: Kessinger Publishing, 2003.


Nataliya Khudyakova

Nataliya Khudyakova (; born February 8, 1985 in Brovary) is a Ukrainian swimmer, who specialized in freestyle events.

Khudyakova competed for Ukraine in three swimming events at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Leading up to the Games, she cleared FINA B-standard entry time of 2:02.88 (200 m freestyle) at the EDF Swimming Open in Paris and 4:19.67 (400 m freestyle) at the Universiade in Bangkok, Thailand. Khudyakova also teamed up with Darya Stepanyuk, Kateryna Dikidzhi, and Hanna Dzerkal in the 4 × 100 m freestyle relay. Swimming the anchor leg in heat two, Khudyakova recorded a split of 56.54 seconds, and the Ukrainian team went on to finish the prelims in fourteenth overall with a final time of 3:44.72.

In the 400 m freestyle, Khudyakova challenged six other swimmers on the second heat, including two-time Olympian Golda Marcus of El Salvador. She raced to second and thirty-third overall by a quarter of a second (0.25) behind Venezuela's Yanel Pinto in 4:18.34. In her third event, 200 m freestyle, Khudyakova posted her personal best of 2:02.27 to top the first heat by 0.61 of a second ahead of Thailand's Natthanan Junkrajang. Khudyakova failed to advance into the semifinals, as she placed thirty-fifth overall in the preliminaries.


The Five Days

The Five Days (Italian: Le cinque giornate; also known as The Five Days of Milan) is a 1973 comedy-drama film directed by Dario Argento.

Plot
The film is set in Milan in full swing during the anti-Austrian revolt of 1848.
A petty criminal, Cainazzo (Adriano Celentano) and a baker, Romulus (Enzo Cerusico), are involuntarily involved in the movements of that period, the person finding the major contradictions of the time.
Assist - in the midst of idealists and patriots - an exemplary gallery of characters: aristocrats, opportunistic, bloodthirsty adventurers, traitors. Reluctantly, the two villains are overwhelmed by events.
But in the face of so much injustice and violence, Romulus responds, indicating instinctively what is the point of view of the people.

Release
The Five Days was released in Italy on 20 December 1973.

Principal cast


Wish You Would

"Wish You Would" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Ludacris, released September 2, 2008 as the first single from his sixth studio album Theater of the Mind (2008). The song, produced by DJ Toomp, features Ludacris' former rival, fellow Southern rapper T.I.. At the 2009 Grammy Awards, the song was nominated for an award in the category of Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group. The song ultimately lost to T.I.'s respective single, "Swagga Like Us".

In October 2008, American hip hop production duo Play-N-Skillz composed a remix, giving it one of their own productions.

Background
After the song was leaked, MTV interviewed both Ludacris and T.I., who were involved in a high-profile dispute for several years. Ludacris said, "I felt like there was no bigger event in hip-hop at this moment than me and T.I. working together." T.I. said, "We had figure if it ain't no problem and we don't have no issues, no beef, then there's no reason we shouldn't be able to get together and make music." Artists from both Disturbing tha Peace and Grand Hustle were as surprised as anyone else. T.I. and Ludacris also collaborated on T.I.'s 2008 studio album Paper Trail, on the song "On Top of the World", also featuring B.o.B.

Chart positions


Sentimiento (song)

"Sentimiento" () is a song by the Colombian pop and electronic singer-songwriter Anasol. The song was released in 2005 as the first single from her third studio album, Anasol (2005). The song was written, produced and recorded by Anasol and David Cardenas, and the music video was directed by Gustavo Garzon.

Video

The music video shows Anasol in what seems to be a night club crowded with teenagers. The song is performed by Anasol in various places, angles and positions while she dances along. The music video was directed by the Argentine music video director Gustavo Garzón and first shown in May 2005.

Track listings
CD single
"Sentimiento (Album Version)"
"Sentimiento (Club Remix)"
"Sentimeinto (Club Remix Extended)"

Chart performance

Weekly charts