Miele

Miele ( ; ) is a German manufacturer of high-end domestic appliances and commercial equipment, headquartered in Gütersloh, Ostwestfalen-Lippe. The company was founded in 1899 by Carl Miele and Reinhard Zinkann, and has always been a family-owned and run company.

History
Miele's first products were a cream separator, butter churn, and tub washing machine, under the Meteor brand. Carl Miele supervised manufacturing personally, and Reinhard Zinkann apprenticed and handled finances and sales.

In 1927, Miele started the production of vacuum cleaners. In 1929, the first electric dishwasher in Europe was produced. From 1930, motorcycles were built. In 1932, Miele was the largest centrifuge factory in Europe. During World War II, Miele produced control units for torpedoes of the German Kriegsmarine.

The Miele trademark was used very early on and appeared on all machines, nameplates, printed materials and advertising produced by the company. From the mid-1920s, a recognition feature of the logo has been a sloping dash used as the dot on the "i".

The trademark has remained unchanged apart from three minor alterations to reflect contemporary tastes. A survey by the Süddeutsche Zeitung, one of Germany's leading daily newspapers, found that the "i" alone was sufficient to identify the Miele brand.

Miele exports products to global markets and is represented in 47 countries. Their expansion into the United States came in 1983, when they established corporate headquarters in Somerset, New Jersey. In 1999, they relocated to the new headquarters in Princeton, which was designed by the Driehaus Prize winner Michael Graves. Products are manufactured in Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic and Romania and shipped to the United States, where there are showrooms in ten states.

Milestones

1899 Foundation of Miele & Cie.; production of cream separators
1900 Production of butter churns and washing machines
1912-1914 Production of motorcars (125 vehicles)
1914 First washing machine with an electric motor; Branches set up in Brussels, Buenos Aires, Paris, Warsaw and Vienna
1924-1960 Production of bicycles and motorcycles in Bielefeld
1927 Production of first vacuum cleaners
1929 Production of Europe's first electric dishwasher
1955 Dutch slogan "Miele. Er is geen betere" invented
1956 First fully automatic washing machine
1958 First domestic tumble dryer
1963 Miele launches in the UK
1966 First humidity sensing dryer, the T 460
1976 First top-loading washer-dryer, the WT 489.
1978 First microprocessor-controlled washing machines, dryers, and dishwashers
1982 Launch of "The New Miele-class" with innovations like a 1,200 RPM spin speed, service friendly construction (hinged front)
1986 Introduction of the Hydromatic washing drum with perforated paddles in the drum, which increase washing performance
1987 Introduction of the world's first dishwasher with a cutlery tray, the G 595 SC
1988 First front-loading washer-dryer by Miele, the WT 745. Also in that year, Miele acquired the professional appliances manufacturer Cordes
1989 700-series washing machines refreshed with Novotronic electronic control
1990 Kitchen appliance manufacturer Imperial taken over
1991 900-series washing machines launched with Novotronic surface-mount devices technology. Also introduced in that year and with the 900-series: 1,600 RPM spin speed
1991 Developed and created the wet cleaning process in partnership with Kreussler Textile Chemistry
1997 First washing machine with a program for hand-washable woolens, and Miele InfoControl: the first mobile receiver to process data transmitted by Miele domestic appliances. WT 745 discontinued and succeeded by the WT 945
1998 First fully automatic built-in coffee maker by Miele, the CVA 620. Also in that year, Miele introduced a gas-fueled dryer for domestic use, the T 478 G
1999 First washing machine with a 1,800 RPM spin speed and brushless FU motor, the W397. Also that year, Miele celebrated their 100th anniversary
2001 Launch of the patented "SoftCare" honeycomb pattern drum
2003 Navitronic washing machines and tumble dryers with an "Automatic" program
2004 New G 1000/G 2000 dishwasher series using a patented production process
2005 TouchControl operation for dishwashers, cookers, steam cookers and microwaves, 37th Miele subsidiary set up in Korea. Kitchen production halted.
2006 New washing machine/tumble dryer series with innovative design
2013 New washing machine and dryer series called W1 and T1
2014 New slogan for The Netherlands, "Miele. Er is geen betere" has been changed to the international slogan, "Immer Besser"
2017 Miele launches Dialog Oven with M-Chef Technology and automatic menu cooking

Products

Miele produces domestic appliances including laundry appliances; vacuum cleaners; dishwashers; rotary irons; built-in convection, steam, and speed ovens; hobs (cooker hoods, cook tops); free-standing and built-in refrigerators, freezers, and wine coolers; and coffee systems. The company also produces commercial laundry equipment including wet cleaning machines, lab glassware washers, dental disinfectors, and medical equipment washers.

In 2007, Miele was given an award for being the most successful company in Germany that year, beating the previous year's winner Google, which placed second, and Porsche, which came in third.

Rankings for this Best Brands prize are the result of market research covering key criteria such as current economic market success and brand recognition and popularity among consumers. Miele was recognized as Best Company and also achieved a top-five place in the category Best Product Brand. Miele was honored as Best Domestic Appliance Brand in the UK by Which? in 2007 and again in 2008, being only one of two brands to win twice in a row. They have since won again in 2010.

In North America, Miele is marketed as a high-end major appliance brand. It competes against brands such as Küppersbusch, Sub-Zero, Wolf & Cove, Gaggenau, Fagor, Viking Range, Dacor, Asko, JennAir, and Thermador.

Slogans
Miele's slogan in German is immer besser which literally translates to "always better" but can also mean "better and better."


Graham Lodge

Graham Lodge is a heritage-listed former homestead, function centre and leagues club at Pleasant Way, Nowra, City of Shoalhaven, New South Wales, Australia. It was built from 1860 to 1861 by stonemason Charles Moore and carpenter Willet Burry. It was also known as Greenhills and Warragee during its homestead era, as Prague Lodge while it was a function centre, and later as the now-defunct Nowra Bomaderry Leagues Club. The property is owned by Shoalhaven City Council. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 4 June 2004.

History

Historical context for Graham Lodge
Aboriginal people are understood to have inhabited the Shoalhaven region for at least 21,000 years. Sue Wesson's atlas (2000) identified the language spoken by Aboriginal groups in the Shoalhaven as Tharawal, suggesting they would have identified with the Wodi Wodi people, who formed part of the Yuin linguistic group.

Europeans were slow to settle the Shoalhaven area because of sand and surf obstructing the opening of the river, first noted by George Bass in 1797. The first documented European visitors to the region were Lieutenant Kent and G. Evans, who anchored their boat at Jervis Bay in 1805 and walked to the Shoalhaven, some 30 kilometres to the south, where they found a small boat (presumably made by Aboriginal people) and used it to explore the river. From 1811 cedar-cutters began transporting wood from the Shoalhaven to Sydney by boat but encountered resistance from local Aboriginal people, on whom they were reported to have had "corrupting influence".

Several landholdings along the Shoalhaven were granted for agricultural and pastoral estates in the early nineteenth century. By 1822 when Alexander Berry settled as the first documented settler in the region, the cedar-cutters no longer frequented the area "as the natives either killed all the sawyers or forced them away". Berry left detailed notes about individual Aboriginal people he encountered and customs he observed, including comments on five clans associated with the lower Shoalhaven: the Shoalhaven, the Numba, the Broughton Creek, the Woregy and the Murroo. Berry estimated the population of these clans for the Census of 1834 at 150 people, however these numbers would have already been affected by disease and displacement. According to Goulding and Schell (2002, 20) Berry's estate:
'relied enormously on Aboriginal labour. . . Showing Berry where to locate his farm, cutting roads, (enabling Berry to bring cattle form Illawarra), conveying stores up the hill to his house, undertaking domestic chores, crewing his vessel and assisting in bringing down cattle from Sydney.'

In 1843 William Graham's early home at Greenhills was noted as the only residence in the vicinity of present-day Nowra. By 1856 Greenhills supported five stores, at least three hotels, a butcher and slaughtering business, a post office, school, church and private burial ground. The government town of Nowra was surveyed in the 1850s but only became the main settlement in the area after 1870 when a series of floods encouraged a general shift away from the riverside settlements. The construction of a bridge across the Shoalhaven in 1881 brought the main road into the district near to the house, while urbanisation and economic expansion increased after 1893 with the establishment of a railway connection to Sydney terminating at Bomaderry, just over the bridge.

Establishing Greenhills
In 1826, just four years after Berry, emancipated convict William Graham arrived in the Shoalhaven together with his wife Margaret and children Jane, William, John and James, and took up the unoccupied Butler's Grant of 100 acres (40 hectares) on the southern banks of the Shoalhaven, in a holding that became known as Greenhills (it has also been called Warragee). The following year Graham's two sons, William and James, took up John Layton's unoccupied 640 acre (286 hectare) land grant adjoining Butler's Grant, significantly expanding the Greenhills estate. The land adjoined Prosper de Mestre's small estate of Terara and Alexander Berry's huge estate of Jindyandy/Pyree (which had increased from an original grant of 14,000 acres or 6,257 hectares to 75,000 or 30,351 hectares in 1890). The 1828 NSW Census records William Graham living in the Illawarra, on land including 50 acres (20 hectares) that were cleared and 20 acres (8 hectares) cultivated; he had 50 head of cattle (1828 Census of NSW, Archives Office NSW). His letter of 1829 to the colonial secretary Alexander McLeay explained:
'It is now three years or thereabouts since first settled myself here for the purpose of being near my two sons, who had previously obtained orders for a small grant of land each and I have already been at a considerable expense in clearing off the land, erecting a cottage, and making stockyards etc and I have hitherto succeeded in procuring a small herd of cattle and cultivating a small portion of land for the support of my family. . .' (3-D exhibitions, 2000, 15)

To help clear and cultivate the land, some of the property was leased to tenant farmers brought out by Graham from Britain in 1841. Heritage Archaeology state that:
'Entries in the Greenhills Account Book relate the association of William and James Graham with many bounty immigrant families living in tenanted houses on the Graham's Greenhills estate. . . These families included domestic servants, blacksmiths, tanners, brick-makers and labourers. Their physical contribution to the development of Greenhills was substantial. Several historical paintings by Samuel Elyard depict the Greenhills estate and the outbuildings. . . The Greenhills cultural landscape represents an example of the early and ambitious attempts at settlement on the south coast of New South Wales'.

Several sources of information do suggest that Greenhills was a contact site between Europeans and Aboriginal people in the area. These sources include: archaeological evidence of flaked tools being found in the same or higher ground level as European implements, paintings depicting Aboriginal people camped in the Graham Lodge area, a contemporary historical account of Aboriginal people being employed and working on the property and historical accounts of Aboriginal people being present on the property. Although there are no entries in the Greenhills Account Book 1848-1854 indicating any transactions with Aboriginal people, Heritage Archaeology suggests that economic exchanges probably took place under barter agreements, possibly exchanging labour for sugar, tobacco, flour or blankets. On the other hand, there is documented evidence that the original grantee, emancipist William Graham, had abusive relationships with Aboriginal people before his time at Greenhills. Heritage Archaeology reports that the Colonial Secretary Index 1788-1825 for 5 June 1822 made several references to his earlier activities at Five Islands, Illawarra:
 "MURRAY, Aborigine; of Five Islands, Illawarra; Assisting William Graham to track Aborigines".
 'CONTA CONTA, Aborigine of Five Islands, Illawarra, who was accused of stealing corn, and was maimed by William Graham.'
 'NOLLOGER, Aborigine of Five Islands, Illawarra. Mentioned in the deposition of William Graham [Jnr.] re charges against his father, William Graham, for maiming a black native. Graham severed the hand of an Aborigine who subsequently died.'

No such records of any similar incidents have so far been found in relation to the Greenhills estate.

Building Graham Lodge
The original grantee William Graham died at Greenhills in September 1852 and was buried in the family cemetery. After his father's death, James Graham took over the running of the estate and, as executor of his father's will, divided the estate between the family members. James retained the original 100 acre grant and house, and he and his wife Mary (née Gardner) purchased more land at Greenhills and nearby. James and Mary had six children and it was soon apparent that the older house was too small for his growing family. James contracted Charles Moore, stonemason and bricklayer, and Willet Burrey, carpenter, of Nowra, to erect a new house on the estate. It was commenced in January 1860 and completed in May 1861. James was elected to the first Shoalhaven council in 1859 and became its first Mayor in 1860. Graham's powerful neighbours, the Berrys, had opposed the formation of this municipal government.

The 1997 Shoalhaven Heritage Study identified the majority of early buildings in the Shoalhaven district as being of vernacular idiom and form. The introduction of architectural concepts and design by recognised architects such as Thomas Rowe, John Horbury Hunt, Howard Joseland and Cyril Blacket began only in the 1870s with the construction of a number of churches by Horbury Hunt in Kangaroo Valley and Nowra. "Polite" residential design as opposed to vernacular design does not appear to have begun in recognisable form until the 1860s. The two storey veranda form of Graham Lodge would appear to be the earliest example in Shoalhaven. Similar two storey buildings with two storey verandas were soon erected nearby including Bundanon in 1866 and Boolgatta in 1870. Although modified and adapted Graham Lodge is a late example of the Victorian Georgian style with Regency influences. The use of slates in the roof was probably the earliest in Shoalhaven and reflects the aspiration to express quality and permanency in all parts of the building. This is also evident in the quality of the remnant internal cedar joinery, the design of the principle elevations, the use of the two storey veranda form and the massing and scale of the building.

James Graham (Senior) died on 24 July 1867 aged 66 and was buried in the family cemetery. Following the death of his 16-year-old son John four months later, James Graham [Junior] took over the running of the farm at Greenhills. He married Emily Ann Hewitt on 15 August 1871 and their seven children were born at Graham Lodge. The Graham family remained prominent in Nowra affairs until well into the twentieth century, and many descendants still live in the district. James (Junior) died on 4 June 1927 and his second daughter Margaret Neridah [Madge] took over the property. In October 1928 Graham farm was sold to John Thomas [Jack] Bourne, a cousin of Madge's. Jack Bourne and his wife Maud took over the property in 1930 and moved into Graham Lodge with their five children. The property stayed in Bourne family ownership until 1960 when it was sold to a consortium of Greek business people led by Theo and Andrew Mavramattes, Helen Kastrios and George Simos, which subdivided the property. The Graham Lodge portion was sold to Ted Ashcrost who lived there for several years before selling to Mrs Mary Theresa Sherlock. Tess Sherlock turned the downstairs section of Graham Lodge into a function centre named Prague Lodge while she resided in the upstairs section of the home.

After its formation in 1968 the Nowra-Bomaderry Leagues Club began negotiating to take over Prague Lodge. The club leased and then in 1970 purchased the property, further extending the building and making radical alterations to its interior fabric. The Nowra-Bomaderry Leagues Club survived for twenty years before financial difficulties caused its closure in 1992. After a long period of disuse during which the building became derelict, the Shoalhaven City Council purchased the property in 1998 and began restoration and interpretation works.

A 2017 proposal by developers Asset Group Solutions would completely refurbish the building in a $500,000 upgrade associated with the Nowra Gateway multi-storey apartment development, after which time it would be returned to council.

Description
Graham Lodge is located near the south bank of the Shoalhaven River just to the north-east of Nowra's town centre, and adjacent to the Princes Highway by-pass. Facing east, the house overlooks some of its original pastoral landscape, including its family cemetery. A tourist information facility, the Nowra Visitors' Centre, operated for several years in a wing of the building that used to be part of Graham Lodge in its former life as a Leagues Club, and is now separated from Graham Lodge by several metres of grass. A medium density housing development is nearby to the south.

Graham Lodge is a large two-storey residence built in 1860-1861 in the Victorian Georgian style with Victorian Regency influences. Victorian Georgian styling is apparent in the symmetrical ordering and harmonic proportions of windows and doors in the main facades to the east and west, the medium pitch of the main roof and the use of larger paned glass windows and durable slate for the main roof than was typically available for the earlier Colonial Georgian styles housing. It is also apparent in the boxed eaves, the use of corrugated iron (painted in stripes) for the separate upper verandah roofs and the fan-light over the front door. Victorian Regency detailing is apparent in the smooth-textured rendered and painted exterior walls, the moulded chimney tops and decorative wrought-iron balustrade on the upper front verandah.

Construction is of locally fired bricks on sandstone footings, rendered to resemble ashlar, with a double hipped slate roof and four pairs of hexagonal chimneys on squared bases. Both front and back elevations have a two-storey verandah. The front upper verandah has a bell-cast roof and cast iron columns with drip moulds, iron lace brackets and fringe and a wrought iron balustrade. The front lower storey verandah has remnants of original detail, including cast iron verandah posts and iron lace brackets. All external doors and windows were originally fabricated in cedar with window sills and lintels of stone. Remnant joinery on the upper storey includes central double hung window with twelve panes, and glass and timber French doors with multiple panes and margin glazing opening onto the balcony; and on the ground floor, double hung sash windows. The ground floor front door joinery (but not the door), including a semi circular fanlight, is also intact. The rendered arch was inscribed with the words "Graham Lodge", and these words have been recently been restored. An incised brick bearing the name "ARDENER" (probably referring to the maiden name of the first owner's wife) was found on the north façade and has been conserved under glass as a feature within the rest of the wall which has been re-rendered. Sandstone flagging near the western façade may have been built at the same time as the residence and there may be some remnants of a well here. Archaeological relics including broken glass, crockery, nails and bricks were present adjacent to the southern and eastern facades in 1999. Some Aboriginal relics were also discovered in the archaeological survey of 2000. The remnant garden features Howea sp. (probably more than 50 years old), and Acacia sp.

The Graham family cemetery is a small private cemetery within view to the east of the residence, now on a separate allotment, that contains three headstones and the Graham monument. Its first burial was that of William Graham who died on 20 September 1852. Other known burials within the cemetery include Margaret Graham (d. 20 December 1853); John Graham (d. 24 April 1862), James Graham (d. 24 July 1867); Heroine Ivy Graham (d. 2 February 1893); Ross Stuart Graham (d. 7 February 1906); Hubert Lionel Graham (d. 14 September 1919); Emily Anne Graham (d. 13 November 1924); and James Graham (d. 4 June 1927). There is also a memorial to Douglas Erle Graham (killed in action 14 April 1918). The headstone dedicated to William Graham is of particular significance as marking the grave of an original land grantee situated on the original grant.

There is effective external interpretation on-site in the form of captioned glass panels bearing various historic images of the house and its occupants, erected at several points around the property and near the cemetery.

Condition

An archaeological survey of the precinct was carried out in 1999, which found artefacts relating to early European occupation of Greenhills were present, including Aboriginal relics both pre-conact and post-contact. A further archaeological survey was carried out early in 2000 and artefactual material was also exposed during the demolition of the Nowra Bomaderry Leagues Club buildings. Strong potential archaeological sites beyond the existing property boundary have also been identified.

Graham Lodge retains much of its external fabric, joinery and detailing intact. Unsympathetic additions have been largely dismantled. Much of the interior fabric of the building has been compromised or removed during modifications and is presently being reconstructed. Its relationship to the pastoral landscape has been somewhat compromised by the construction of a large tourist information facility very close by.

Modifications and dates

 Graham family era (1860-1928) - the back of the residence was accompanied by a variety of working sheds and cottages, now demolished (see Samual Elyard painting, 1877).
 Bourne family era ( 1930 to 1960) - little modification
 Prague Lodge era (1960-1970) - considerable modification including extension to the north at ground floor level and demolition of some of the original interior fabric.
 Nowra-Bomaderry Leagues Club era (1970-1990) - considerable modification including further extensions at ground floor level and demolition of much of the original interior fabric.
 Shoalhaven City Council era (1990 to present) - recent conservation works to the building have included the partial demolition of additions, reconstruction of parts of the exterior fabric and conservation works to the building generally (detailed in Shoalhave City Council's report, "Graham Lodge Exterior Restoration", 2001). The original roof with slate tiles, cedar battens, guttering and eaves was removed prior to the archaeological survey of 1999.
  2000 - Visitor Information Centre

Heritage listing
Graham Lodge is significant for its aesthetic quality as a substantial nineteenth century Victorian Georgian residence still overlooking much of its original pastoral landholdings and for its potential to expand historical understanding of early European settlement patterns and interactions with Aboriginal people.

It also has significance for its historical associations with the foundation of local politics in the Shoalhaven and its more recent recreational role as club premises, in which function it contributed to the social life of the region for nearly 40 years. It can thus be seen to be a microcosm demonstrating some of the broad patterns of historical development of the region.

The site has significance particularly for the archaeological potential associated with the "Greenhills" estate, including remnants from the demolished cottages and sheds recorded in historic paintings, evidence of both pre- and post-contact Aboriginal artefacts, and evidence of early Chinese market gardens. The curtilage includes a small lot within view of the house containing the family cemetery. The headstone dedicated to William Graham is of particular significance as marking the grave of an original land grantee situated on the original grant.

Graham Lodge was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 4 June 2004 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.

Graham Lodge is of State historical significance as a substantial nineteenth century Victorian Georgian residence that was the focus of the "Greenhills" estate, an early European settlement in the region. Still overlooking some of the original pastoral acreage of Graham's father's pioneering property of Greenhills, the Victorian Georgian styled house has important archaeological potential for its record of nineteenth century pastoralism, its history of contact between European and Aboriginal people, and its evidence of nineteenth century Chinese market gardens . It also has historical associations with the foundation of local politics in the Shoalhaven in 1860 and for its more recent recreational function as club premises. It thus can be seen to be a microcosm reflecting some of the broad patterns of historical development of the region. Many aspects of these historical roles are furthermore evidenced in artworks and images depicting the property and its inhabitants at various times.

The place has a strong or special association with a person, or group of persons, of importance of cultural or natural history of New South Wales's history.

Graham Lodge has local significance for its historical association with the Graham family, who were among the first European settlers in the area and prominent in early local politics. It is also significant for its evidence of the craftsmanship of early Nowra builders Charles Moore and Willet Burrey. The private cemetery records the deaths of many early Graham family members.

The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.

Graham Lodge is of State significance as an early substantial residence built 1860-1861 on the NSW south coast, in the style of Victorian Georgian with Victorian Regency influences. The two storey veranda facade would appear to be the earliest example of this residential form in the Shoalhaven. The imposing facade and use of building materials such as roof slates and internal cedar joinery are an expression of the aspiration to quality and permanency in all parts of the building, illustrating both its owner's social standing and the gradual urbanisation of the area.

The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

As the focal point of the "Greenhills" pastoral estate from 1860, Graham Lodge has State social and cultural significance because of its associations with the early European settlement of regional NSW and as an early point of contact between European and Aboriginal people, as well as a site used by Chinese market gardeners. The location of the private family cemetery within view of the home is suggestive of a more domestic relationship of family life with the deaths of family members than is typically practiced now. As the home of the municipality's first mayor and home to subsequent family members prominent in Nowra affairs, it also has local significance for local social and political history. In addition, the building functioned prominently in the social life of the region as a function centre and club building between 1960 and 1998.

The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

Graham Lodge is of State significance for its archaeological potential to demonstrate aspects of the history of a pastoral estate with clear connections with Aboriginal people. Its archaeological potential is enhanced by the visual evidence of cottages and sheds recorded in various historical artworks including Samuel Elyard's painting of 1877, and by the proximity of the Graham family cemetery. Graham Lodge is also of local significance as an early residence which contributes to the understanding of mid-nineteenth century regional construction techniques and for illustrating the story of European settlement and local government in the Shoalhaven district.

The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.

Graham Lodge is of local significance for its rarity as a surviving remnant of a nineteenth century pastoral estate that includes a substantial mid-nineteenth residential building, a family cemetery, and archaeological sites within a partially intact cultural landscape. The location of the private family cemetery within view of the home is suggestive of a more domestic relationship of family life with the deaths of family members than is typically practiced now. The headstone dedicated to William Graham is of particular significance as marking the grave of an original land grantee on part of the original grant.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales.

Graham Lodge is of State significance for being representative of the early European settlement and political development enacted by pioneering families in rural NSW. It is a fine example of a substantial Victorian Georgian residence using good quality materials and projecting an imposing facade. The physical relationship of the residence to the family cemetery is representative of a different, nineteenth century understanding of the relationship of family life with death. The property is held in high esteem locally as an important remnant of the early European history of the region.


John Porter (bishop)

John Porter, DD was an 18th-century Anglican bishop in Ireland.
He was nominated Bishop of Killala and Achonry on  6 May 1795 and consecrated on 7 June 1795     that year. He was translated to Clogher on 30 December 1797 and died in office on 27 July 1819.

His son, Reverend John Grey Porter (1789–1871) married Margaret Lavinia Lindsey in 1816..


Peter Morris (baseball)

Peter R. Morris (January 1, 1854 – December 9, 1884) was a 19th-century Welsh baseball player.  He played in a single game for the Union Association's Washington Nationals on May 14, 1884.  Until 2007, little was known about Morris before a writer of the same name discovered biographical information about him.

Career
Morris played in one major league game in his career.  This came on May 14, 1884, as the shortstop for the Washington Nationals of the Union Association.  In the game, he recorded no hits in three at-bats and had three assists and an error in the field.

Early knowledge
All that was originally known about Morris came from an initial listing in The Baseball Encyclopedia, first published in 1969, for a player known as "P. Morris".  This player was said to have been born in Rockford, Illinois.  This entry, with the Rockford birthplace and the lack of a first name, persisted in the Total Baseball books of later vintage.

Discovery
In 2007, a writer for the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), coincidentally also named Peter Morris, discovered newly researched information on the ballplayer.  The writer Morris found that the ballplayer Morris was also named Peter, learned his middle initial, and that he was born in Rhuddlan in Wales on January 1, 1854.  This made Morris the first major leaguer from Wales, predating Ted Lewis by 12 years.

The ballplayer was listed as having been a reserve player for the independent Milwaukee Maple Leafs baseball club in 1883 and 1884.  In learning about the ballplayer, the writer Morris found a mention of the Maple Leafs playing a series hosted by a team from Chicago on May 13.  The ballplayer Morris started every game of that series save for one.  The only game he did not start was on May 14, the date the previously known "P. Morris" appeared in a game for the Nationals, an away game against the Chicago Browns, another Union Association team.  As the Nationals were known to have a link to the Milwaukee club, it was surmised by the writer Morris and SABR editor Bill Carle that the player who appeared for Washington on the 14th was indeed the ballplayer Peter Morris.  In the same discovery, the writer found that the ballplayer died nearly seven months later, on December 9, in a railway coupling accident, and was buried in Ixonia, Wisconsin.

Later research
In his 2013 book, Cracking Baseball's Cold Cases, the writer Morris included further information on his search for the ballplayer.  He found that the ballplayer had likely played for the Aetna Club of Detroit in the 1870s, and later played briefly for the Stillwater, Minnesota club of the Northwestern League three months after his time representing Washington before rejoining the Maple Leafs.  The research on the ballplayer Morris led to the writer also obtaining a copy of the ballplayer's birth certificate from Wales.

Notes


Sultan al-Atrash

Sultan al-Atrash, (March 5, 1888 – March 26, 1982) (), commonly known as Sultan Pasha al-Atrash () was a prominent Arab Druze leader, Syrian nationalist and Commander General of the Syrian Revolution (1925–27). He fought against the Ottomans, French, and even against the Syrian government in its days of dictatorship. One of the most influential figures in Syrian and Druze history, he played a major role in deciding the destiny of Jabal al-Druze and of Syria in general.

Family

Sultan al-Atrash was born in al-Qrayya, a village 20 km south of Suwayda known for the famous Druze family of Al-Atrash, which had nominally governed the region since 1879. His father Zuqan led a fierce battle against the Ottomans near Al-Kefr in 1910, where he faced the forces of Sami Pasha al-Farouqi. He was captured and later executed in 1911. His son, Mansur al-Atrash was an active member in the Syrian Regional Branch of the Ba'ath Party until the 1966 Syrian coup d'état led to the downfall of Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Din al-Bitar, Munif al-Razzaz and the classical Ba'athists in general.

His granddaughter, Naila Al Atrash, is a dramatist and activist against the Assad regime.

Role in the Arab revolt

Sami Pasha used military force and trickery and succeeded at last in occupying Jabal el Druze. He sent hundreds of young Druze to fight in the Balkans, Sultan among them. However, during the first World War, the Ottomans left Jabal el Druze in peace as they feared rebellion. Sultan was then able to get in touch with Pan-Arab movements and especially with the Arab Revolt in Hijaz. As the revolt started he raised the Arab flag on the citadel of Salkhad and on his own house.

When Arab forces reached Aqaba, he sent a thousand men to join the revolt. He joined them himself, with another 300 men, when they reached Bosra. His forces were the first to enter Damascus and raise the Arab revolt flag on the government house on September 29, 1918.
Sultan was a good friend of the Hashemite Emir Faisal, leader of the Arab forces in the revolt, and was awarded the title of Emir and the rank of a General in the Syrian army, the equivalent of the title of Pasha. Faisal, later king of Iraq, helped Sultan a lot during his years in exile.

The newly independent kingdom of Syria didn't survive for long, as it was occupied by France after the Battle of Maysalun on July 24, 1920. Sultan was gathering his men to fight the French but the quick succession of events cut his efforts short, as French forces entered Damascus and the country was divided into five states, Jabal el Druze being one of them.

The Adham Khanjar incident

On July 7, 1922, French soldiers captured Adham Khanjar, a Lebanese Shiite rebel who was seeking refuge at Sultan's house while he was away. Khanjar was wanted for attempting to assassinate General Gouraud. Upon his arrival home, Sultan demanded the release of Khanjar, but the French refused. A few days later, Sultan and his men attacked a French convoy they thought to transport Khanjar, who was in fact sent to Damascus by airplane. The French responded by destroying his house and ordering his arrest. Sultan fled to Jordan and subsequently launched raids against French posts. Ten months later, he returned, having been pardoned by the French.

The Syrian Revolution of 1925–27

In 1925 Sultan Pasha al-Atrash led a revolt which broke out in the Druze Mountain and spread to engulf the whole of Syria and parts of Lebanon. This is considered one of the most important revolutions against the French mandate, as it encompassed the whole of Syria and witnessed fierce battles between rebel and French forces.

On August 23, 1925 Sultan Pasha al-Atrash officially declared revolution against France, and soon fighting erupted in Damascus, Homs and Hama. Al-Atrash won several battles against the French at the beginning of revolution, notably the Battle of al-Kafr on July 21, 1925, the Battle of al-Mazraa on August 2, 1925, and the battles of Salkhad, Msfirah and as-Suwayda. The Druze were defeated in the latter two battles. After rebel victories against France, it sent thousands of troops to Syria and Lebanon from Morocco and Senegal, equipped with modern weapons, compared to the few supplies of the rebels. This dramatically altered the results and allowed the French to regain many cities, although resistance lasted until the spring of 1927. The French sentenced Sultan al-Atrash to death, but he had escaped with the rebels to Transjordan and was eventually pardoned. He returned to Syria in 1937 after the signing of the Franco-Syrian Treaty. He was met with a huge public reception.

Role after the revolution
Al-Atrash participated actively in the Levant Crisis, that led to Syrian independence. In 1948 he called for the establishment of a unified Arab Liberation Army of Palestine, for which hundreds of young people had already volunteered and sent to participate in during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

During the reign of Adib Shishakli, al-Atrash was often harassed because of his opposition to government policy. He left the Druze Mountain for Jordan in December 1954, and came back when Al-Shishakli's regime fell. Al-Atrash supported the political union of Egypt and Syria in 1958, and firmly opposed the process of separation in 1961. He is also known for his contributions to social life and development in the Druze Mountain.

Popularity

Sultan Pasha al-Atrash, is one of the most popular of recently prominent leaders in Arab and Syrian history, especially among the Druze.
Many statues of Al-Atrash exist in main squares on Druze Mountain, and his photos hang in many houses in the region. Al-Atrash is also prominent in local folklore, including many poems and popular songs. For several reasons the Druze consider him a symbol of patriotism, courage and secularism:
 Al-Atrash is known for his secularism when he raised the slogan "Religion is for God, the fatherland is for all" (Ad-dīn li-llāh wa-l-waṭan li-l-jamīˤ ) when he led the revolution against the French, which involved rebels belonging to many religions. His speeches and  publications were entirely devoid of religious symbols.
 Al-Atrash strongly rejected the French offer of independence for the Druze Mountain. He demanded a national Syrian unity.
 He was known for simple living and humility.
 Al-Atrash refused to accept any political office after the independence of Syria in 1946.

During the period of Syrian-Egyptian unity, on a visit to the Suwayda province President Gamal Abdel Nasser honored Sultan Pasha al-Atrash by awarding him the highest medal of the United Arab Republic. In 1970, Syrian President Hafez al-Assad Honored Sultan Pasha al-Atrash for his historic role in the Syrian Revolution.

Death
Sultan Pasha al-Atrash died on March 26, 1982 from a heart attack.
His funeral was attended by more than a million people, and the President of Syrian Arab Republic Hafez al-Assad issued an individual letter mourning al-Atrash as the General Commander of the Syrian Revolution.


Daphnella janae

Daphnella janae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Raphitomidae .

Description
The length of the shell varies between 5 mm and 9.5 mm.

Distribution
This marine species was found off Mactan Island & Surigao, Philippines.


IPhone 4

The iPhone 4 is a smartphone that was designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the fourth generation iPhone, succeeding the 3GS and preceding the 4S. Following a number of notable leaks, the iPhone 4 was first unveiled on June 7, 2010, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Francisco, and was released on June 24, 2010, in the United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Japan. The iPhone 4 introduced a new hardware design to the iPhone family, which Apple's CEO Steve Jobs touted as the thinnest smartphone in the world at the time; it consisted of a stainless steel frame which doubles as an antenna, with internal components situated between aluminosilicate glass. The iPhone 4 also introduced Apple's new high-resolution "Retina Display" with a pixel density of 326 pixels per inch while maintaining the same physical size and aspect ratio as its precursors. The iPhone 4 also introduced Apple's A4 system-on-chip, along with iOS 4—which notably introduced multitasking functionality and Apple's new FaceTime video chat service. The iPhone 4 was also the first iPhone to include a front-facing camera, and the first to be released in a version for CDMA networks, ending AT&T's period as the exclusive carrier of iPhone products in the United States.

The iPhone 4 received generally positive reception, with critics praising its revamped design and more powerful hardware in comparison to previous models. While it was a market success, there were over 600,000 pre-orders within 24 hours, and the release of the iPhone 4 was plagued by highly publicized reports that abnormalities in its new antenna design caused the device to lose its cellular signal if held in a certain way. Most human contact with the phone's outer edge would cause a significant decrease in signal strength.

The iPhone 4 spent the longest time of all iPhones as Apple's flagship iPhone model at fifteen months. Although the succeeding 4S was announced in October 2011, the 4 continued to be sold as a midrange model until September 2012, and thereafter as the entry-level offering in Apple's lineup until September 2013 with the announcement of the iPhone 5S/iPhone 5C. The iPhone 4 had the longest lifespan of any iPhone ever produced, spanning close to four years and available in some developing countries until early 2015.

History

Prototypes

Before the official unveiling of the iPhone 4 on June 7, 2010, two prototypes were brought to the attention of the media, breaching Apple's normally secretive development process. Many of the speculations regarding technical specifications proved accurate.

Engadget leak
On January 27, 2010, gadget website Engadget received leaked images of the unreleased iPad.  Unbeknownst to the editors and readers these images contained two of the unreleased iPhone 4s. It wasn't until the subsequent Gizmodo release were they aware of the complete contents of the images.

Gizmodo leak
On April 19, 2010, gadget website Gizmodo reported that they had purchased an iPhone prototype for $5000, and furthermore, had conducted a product teardown of the device. The prototype is reported to have been lost by an Apple employee, Gray Powell, in Redwood City, California. Shortly after Gizmodo published detailed information about the prototype, Apple's legal associates formally requested for the phone to be returned to Apple, and Gizmodo responded with the intent to cooperate.

On April 23, officers from the Rapid Enforcement Allied Computer Team (REACT) task force of the California HTTAP Program raided the home of Jason Chen, the Gizmodo editor responsible for reviewing the prototype, seizing all of his computers and hard drives. The Electronic Frontier Foundation criticized the raid as violating journalist source protection laws that forbid the seizure of journalist computers as well as the suspicion that Apple had used its influence as a member of the steering committee which is charged with direction and oversight of the California REACT task force to push police into action in a way that would not normally be conducted for this type of incident. Apple had already received the iPhone prototype before the raid when it was returned by Gizmodo. The District Attorney has stated that the investigation has been suspended, and discontinued searching through the Gizmodo editor's belongings as they determine whether the shield laws are applicable, and cautioned that no charges have been issued at this point.

Taoviet leak
Pictures and video of a second prototype were published on a Vietnamese website, Taoviet, on May 12, 2010. It was almost identical to the first, and used an A4 chip manufactured by Apple. The website purchased the prototype for $4,000. DigiTimes reported that the screen resolution of the new phone was 960-by-640, which was confirmed by Apple at the iPhone 4's official announcement.

Release
The iPhone 4 was available for pre-order on June 15, 2010. Customers attempting to pre-order the iPhone 4 reported problems with the pre-order process on the US and UK online Apple Stores which crashed due to the surge in traffic. The same issue was reported with AT&T and SoftBank, Apple's exclusive partners in the United States and Japan respectively, who suspended advance sales of the iPhone 4 as demand threatened to exceed supply. Retail stores were also unable to complete pre-order transactions due to the servers crashing.

Apple and its partner carriers received 600,000 pre-orders for the iPhone 4 in the first 24 hours, the largest number of pre-orders Apple had received in a single day for any device up to that point. Engadget reported that at 20:30 UTC, all iPhone 4 pre-order suppliers had sold out. 1.7 million iPhone 4s were sold in its first three days of availability.

The iPhone 4 has also been released through Orange in Tunisia and was available in eight cities at the launch. On July 30, 2010, iPhone 4 was made available for sale in Australia, New Zealand and 15 other countries with free bumper cases. In South Korea, it was released by KT on September 10. In Israel, it was released, too, on September 24, through Cellcom, Pelephone and Orange. It was launched in Thailand on September 23 by AIS, DTAC and True Move, and in Malaysia on September 26 in Kuala Lumpur, and nationwide on September 27 according to the website of Maxis.

The iPhone 4 was released in South Africa on September 22 on the Vodacom and MTN networks, in very limited quantities. The iPhone 4 was launched in Vietnam on September 30 on VinaPhone and Viettel, at first in 3 major cities: Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh city and Da Nang, and then all over the country by the end of October.

The iPhone 4 was launched in India on May 27, 2011 by Aircel and Airtel.

On January 11, 2011, Verizon Wireless announced during a media event that it had reached an agreement with Apple and would begin selling a CDMA iPhone 4 in the United States, ending Apple's exclusivity agreement with AT&T. The Verizon iPhone went on sale on February 10 and pre orders began on February 3. The Verizon iPhone includes the 'Personal Hotspot" feature which allows a user to use the iPhone as a wireless hotspot, with up to five devices connecting at one time. The February 3, 2011, presale of the iPhone 4 broke Verizon's first day sales records for a single device.

On June 24, 2010, Apple issued a statement that the white iPhone 4 models were proving more "challenging to manufacture" than expected, and initially pushed the release date back to the second half of July. There was a lot of speculation surrounding the delay of the white iPhone 4. Among the most popular rumors are those concerning the phone's internal camera being adversely affected by light leaking in due to the semi-translucent glass and the white paint. Other sources report that the problem relates to Apple's inability to match the white color of the front face plate with that of the home button. On April 27, 2011, Apple announced that it would be releasing the white iPhone 4 model on April 28, 2011, for both GSM and CDMA. The release of the white iPhone 4 was carried out on April 28.

During Apple's official unveiling of the iPhone 4S on October 4, 2011, it was announced that Sprint would begin carrying the reconfigured CDMA iPhone 4 and the iPhone 4S in the US on October 14.

Discontinuation
In September 2013, after the release of the iPhone 5S and iPhone 5C, Apple stopped selling the iPhone 4 in most of their stores as well as on their website. It was replaced by the 8 GB iPhone 4S.

Hardware

Display

The display of the iPhone 4 is manufactured by LG under an exclusive contract with Apple. It features an LED backlit TFT LCD capacitive touchscreen with a pixel density of 326 pixels per inch (ppi) on a  (diagonally measured), 960×640 display. Each pixel is 78 micrometers in width. The display has a contrast ratio of 800:1. The screen is marketed by Apple as the "Retina display", based on the assertion that a display of approximately 300 ppi at a distance of  from one's eye, or 57 arcseconds per pixel is the maximum amount of detail that the human retina can perceive. With the iPhone expected to be used at a distance of about 12 inches from the eyes, a higher resolution would allegedly have no effect on the image's apparent quality as the maximum potential of the human eye has already been met.

This claim has been disputed. Raymond Soneira, president of DisplayMate Technologies, said in an interview with Wired magazine, that the claims by Jobs are something of an exaggeration: "It is reasonably close to being a perfect display, but Steve pushed it a little too far". Soneira stated that the resolution of the human retina is higher than claimed by Apple, working out to 477 ppi at  from the eyes, or 36 arcseconds per pixel.

However, Phil Plait, author of Bad Astronomy, whose career includes a collaboration with NASA regarding the camera on the Hubble Space Telescope, responded to the criticism by stating that "if you have [better than 20/20] eyesight, then at one foot away the iPhone 4's pixels are resolved. The picture will look pixellated. If you have average eyesight, the picture will look just fine".

Camera

The iPhone 4 features an additional front-facing VGA camera, and a backside-illuminated 5 megapixel rear-facing camera with a 3.85 mm f/2.8 lens and an LED flash. The rear-facing camera is capable of recording HD video in 720p at 30 frames per second. Both cameras make use of the tap to focus feature, part of iOS 4, for photo and video recording. The rear-facing camera has a 5× digital zoom.

Connectivity
In contrast to Steve Jobs' announcement at WWDC 2010, recent Federal Communications Commission documentation has shown that the iPhone 4 contains a penta-band 3G UMTS antenna, not a quad-band 3G UMTS radio, as advertised by Apple. According to the FCC documentation filed by Apple, the radio inside the iPhone 4 supports 800, 850, 900, 1,900, and 2,100 MHz. The 800 MHz frequency, which is most commonly used in Japanese mobile phones, is not advertised as being supported by Apple. However, the 800 MHz band is a subset of the 850 MHz band, which probably explains why the device is advertised as quad-band. The chip-sets were manufactured by Skyworks Solutions and Infineon for GSM version.

As with most of Apple's mobile products at the time, the iPhone 4 also used the 30 pin dock connector as its only external data port.

The iPhone 4 is the first generation of iPhone to have a second microphone used for noise cancellation. It is located on the top of the unit near the headphone jack; the main microphone is on the bottom left.

Gyroscope and accelerometer
The iPhone 4 introduces a gyroscopic sensor that detects 3-axis angular acceleration around the X, Y ,and Z axes, enabling precise calculation of yaw, pitch, and roll. The gyroscope complements the accelerometer, a sensor that has been present since the original iPhone, which detects the device's acceleration, shake, vibration shock, or fall by detecting linear acceleration along one of three axes (X, Y, and Z). The combined data from the accelerometer and the gyroscope provides detailed and precise information about the device's 6-axis movement in space. The 3 axes of the gyroscope combined with the 3 axes of the accelerometer enable the device to recognize approximately how far, fast, and in which direction it has moved in space.

Processor and memory
The iPhone 4 is powered by the Apple A4 chip, which was designed by Intrinsity  and, like all prior iPhone models, manufactured by Samsung. This system-on-a-chip is composed of an ARM Cortex-A8 CPU integrated with a PowerVR SGX535 GPU. The Apple A4 is also used in the iPad where it is clocked at its rated speed of 1 GHz. The clock speed in the iPhone 4 has not been disclosed. All prior models of the iPhone have underclocked the CPU, which typically extends battery life and lowers heat dissipation.

The iPhone 4 has 512 MB of DRAM. The additional DRAM supports increased performance and multi-tasking.

Storage and micro-SIM

The iPhone 4 uses a micro-SIM card on iPhone 4 devices running on a GSM network, which is positioned in an ejectable tray, located on the right side of the device. On a CDMA network, however, the phone connects to the network using an ESN. All prior models have used regular mini-SIM cards. Depending on the operator, micro-SIM cards may not be available for all networks globally. As a technical workaround it is possible to trim a mini-SIM card with a knife or scissors so that it fits into the micro-SIM tray.

As on prior models, all data is stored in flash memory, 8, 16 or 32 GB, and not on the SIM. Unlike prior generations, the storage capacity is not printed on the back of the unit.

Design

The iPhone 4 features a redesigned structure, designed by Jony Ive, a design that would later be reused and adapted for the iPhone 4S, 5, 5S and SE. Most notably, the bulges of the back panel as well as the band between the front and back are gone and have been replaced with flattened surfaces. The redesign reflects the utilitarianism and uniformity of existing Apple products, such as the iPad and the iMac. The overall dimensions of the iPhone 4 have been reduced from its predecessor.

It is  high,  wide, and  deep, compared to the iPhone 3GS, which is  high,  wide, and  deep; making the iPhone 4 24% thinner than its predecessor, the iPhone 3GS. Steve Jobs claimed it to be "the thinnest smartphone on the planet." The reduced size of the device is primarily due to the externally placed antenna.

The iPhone 4 is structured around a stainless steel frame that wraps around the edge of the phone, acting both as the primary structure for the device and as the iPhone 4's antennas. This metal band features two slits on the GSM version of the phone, one at the lower left, and one at the top (and a fake slit along the lower right, to cosmetically mirror the one at the lower left) that divide the band into two antenna sections: the left section of the band serves as the Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GPS antenna, and the right and lower sections of the band act as the antenna for GSM and UMTS connectivity.

On the CDMA version of the phone there are four slits in the metal band. Two at the top (on the left and right) and two at the bottom. This divides the metal band into four different segments, which like the GSM version of the phone, serves as different antennas for connectivity. The top portion of the band (divided by the top left and right slits) is for connecting to the CDMA network. The left portion of the metal band is for Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GPS just like the GSM version. The right side is not an antenna, but serves to cosmetically mirror the left side and also to create a similar look to the GSM version of the phone.

The internal components are situated between two panels of aluminosilicate glass, described by Apple as being "chemically strengthened to be 20 times stiffer and 30 times harder than plastic," theoretically allowing it to be more scratch resistant and durable than the prior models.

In fall 2010, pentalobe screws started to replace the Philips screws used in post-repair units in the US and in production units in Japan.

Software

The iPhone 4 shipped with iOS 4, which was the newest version of Apple's iOS mobile operating system at the time. iOS 4 introduced a multitasking system, allowing apps to remain "suspended" in memory, perform certain operations in the background, and allowing users to switch between apps using an on-screen menu. It also introduced FaceTime, which allows users to perform video calls between other iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, and OS X users.

The iPhone 4 supports up to iOS 7, released in September 2013. Due to the relatively aged hardware of the iPhone 4, certain features available on newer iPhone models are not available on the device; as of iOS 7, they include Siri, 3D maps and turn-by-turn navigation, AirDrop, AirPlay mirroring, live camera filters, panorama mode and certain visual effects introduced by iOS 7, such as the blurring of translucent interface elements, the parallax effect on the home screen, and live wallpapers. While still subject to the same limitations, iOS 7.1 did bring some slight performance improvements to the operating system on the iPhone 4. iOS 7, specifically iOS 7.1.2, is the last version of iOS to support the iPhone 4. Unlike the iPhone 4S, the iPhone 4 did not receive the iOS 8 update due to performance issues.

Accessories

Bumper

An iPhone 4 Bumper is a ring of rubber and plastic that surrounds the edge of the iPhone 4, with the purpose of protecting the phone. The inner part is rubber with the external band made of plastic. The Bumper wraps around the edges of the device protecting the edges, and to a lesser extent, the screen. The Bumper does not cover the front or rear of the phone, though it does slightly raise the iPhone off whatever surface it is sitting on.

Additionally, the plastic band houses metallic buttons for the volume controls and sleep/wake button. The six holes in the Bumper enable access to the mute switch, dock connector, headphone jack, speaker, and microphones.

Apple updated the bumper with a wider volume switch hole with the release of iPhone 4 for CDMA network. The updated bumper is also compatible with iPhone 4S, the next generation iPhone that has the identical exterior design and measurements as iPhone 4 CDMA.

Reception

Pre-release
Pre-release reception was generally positive. The announcement included information that had not been covered by Gizmodo. Fox News commented that "seeing it in action is far more informative than staring at Gizmodo's photos of a busted test unit". Rhodri Marsden of The Independent said that "aside from the introduction of face-to-face video calling, it's not a staggering feature set," instead focusing on how the device is "more powerful than its predecessor, speedier, easier to use and will make previously laborious tasks seem like a cinch".

CNET reacted to the announcement by explaining how it believes that iMovie for iOS was the "most exciting part of this year's WWDC Keynote". The article noted how the iPhone 4, unlike current cameras, can record HD content and then edit it from the same device, labeling it a "true mobile editing suite".

Reviews
Reviews of the iPhone 4 have been generally favorable. Walt Mossberg of The Wall Street Journal called the device "the best device in its class". Engadget named it the "best smartphone on the market" in June 2010. CNET gave the iPhone 4 a rating of 8.6 out of 10, one of the highest ratings it has given any smartphone. TechRadar gave the device 4.5/5 stars. Consumer Reports said the signal problem was the reason they did not rate it a "recommended" model, although the other tests ranked it highest among smart phones.

Joshua Topolsky of Engadget described the device's industrial design as being "more detailed and sophisticated" than its predecessor.

Technical problems
Some users reported a yellow discoloration of the screen that disappeared after several days, which was attributed to the glass lamination glue that was used. It did not have time to dry fully before the unit reached consumers due to the speed of manufacturing. Another issue reported by some users within days of the iPhone 4 release was that during calls the proximity sensor can be insensitive, so that facial contact with the touchscreen can end calls, mute calls, and dial other numbers. Some users reported that, particularly in low-light conditions, photos taken on the iPhone 4 sometimes contained blue or green "splotches." Issues with white balance were also discovered, particularly when using the flash.

Antenna
Shortly after the iPhone 4 was launched, some consumers reported that signal strength of the phone was reduced when touching the lower left edge of the phone, bridging one of the two locations which separates the two antennas, resulting in dropped calls in some areas with lower signal reception. In response, Apple issued a statement advising that customers should "avoid gripping [the phone] in the lower left corner" when making or receiving a call. Internally, senior antenna expert Ruben Caballero raised concerns to CEO Steve Jobs that the antenna design could lead to dropped calls.

As a consequence of this problem, it was reported on July 2, 2010 that several iPhone 4 users were planning on suing Apple and AT&T for fraud by concealment, negligence, intentional misrepresentation and defective design. The legal challenge was started by a law firm, who set up a website to recruit disenchanted iPhone 4 buyers for a lawsuit against Apple. Later that day, Apple issued another statement stating that it had discovered the cause of the "dramatic drop in bars".

Apple explained how the formula it used to calculate the number of bars to display was "wrong". Apple promised to correct the issue and release a software update within a few weeks that would address the "mistake", which had been present since the original iPhone. The New York Times commented that "the failure to detect this longstanding problem earlier is astonishing."

Consumer Reports initially stated that the iPhone 4's signal issues are not "unique, and may not be serious" and it continued to mention that signal loss is a problem that is faced by the entire smartphone industry. It has been such a problem that Apple made a formal apology. The next day, the magazine altered their stance after encountering instances of dropped calls. The magazine rejected Apple's explanation after conducting tests in a controlled environment, and comparing the results against prior generations of iPhone. It sarcastically pointed out that using a piece of tape to cover the lower left antenna gap was one way to fix the problem, but recommended that consumers who "want an iPhone that works well without a masking-tape fix" purchase the iPhone 3GS instead. The magazine also tested the iPhone 4 while it was wearing a Bumper, a frame-like cover sold by Apple that prevents direct contact with the antenna, reporting that it did resolve the problem. CNN repeated Consumer Reports''' statement that a small amount of duct tape had proven an effective fix to the iPhone 4's dropped call issue.

On July 16, 2010, at a press conference which included a private tour of Apple's antenna design lab for journalists, Steve Jobs announced that Apple would provide all iPhone 4 owners with a free case to help solve the antenna issue and a refund to those users who had already purchased a Bumper. The free case offer would be valid until September 30, 2010, when Apple would re-evaluate the situation. To get a free case, owners were able to apply via an app installed on the phone found in the App Store from July 22, 2010 to September 30, 2010. Jobs also announced that Apple could not produce enough Bumpers for all owners of the phone, but would source a supply and offer a range of cases. Additionally, Jobs cited figures from AppleCare which showed that only 0.55 percent of all iPhone 4 users have complained to the company about the issue, while the number of phones returned to Apple was 1.7 percent – 4.3 percentage points less than the number of iPhone 3GS models that were returned in the first month of the phone's launch.Consumer Reports noted that the solution was not permanent, though a good first step.  However, because Jobs did not specify a time line for fixing the problem, and the offering for a free bumper only being a temporary solution, PC World'' decided to remove the iPhone 4 from its "Top 10 Cell Phones" chart and reassign it to a pending rating.

Despite the negative media attention regarding the antenna issues, 72% of iPhone 4 users say that they are "very satisfied" with their iPhone 4 according to an August 2010 survey by ChangeWave Research. The iPhone 4 model continued to be sold unchanged up until September 2013.

iPhones in space
In 2011, two iPhone 4 units equipped with a special application were taken to the International Space Station aboard the Space Shuttle on the STS-135 mission. The devices were used in various experiments, utilizing sensors and a special app.

Timeline of iPhone models


Paternus (consul 269)

Paternus was a Roman statesman who served as Consul in 269.

Bibliography


Miss Morison's Ghosts

Miss Morison's Ghosts is a 1981 British supernatural television drama broadcast by ITV starring Hannah Gordon and Wendy Hiller. It was made by Anglia Television,  produced and written by Ian Curteis and directed by John Bruce.   It is based on a book by two Oxford academics, Charlotte Anne Moberly and Eleanor Jourdain who claimed that in 1901, on a day trip to Versailles, they travelled back in time to the 18th century court of Louis XVI of France, in an event known as the Moberly–Jourdain incident.

External links

https://www.worldcat.org/title/miss-morisons-ghosts/oclc/45503801


Corpus Christi Bandits

Corpus Christi Bandits is a 1945 American Western film directed by Wallace Grissell and written by Norman S. Hall. The film stars Allan Lane, Helen Talbot, Jack Kirk, Twinkle Watts, Francis McDonald and Roy Barcroft. The film was released on April 20, 1945, by Republic Pictures.

Plot

Cast
Allan Lane as Captain James Christie / Corpus Christi Jim
Helen Talbot as Dorothy Adams
Jack Kirk as Editor Alonzo Adams
Twinkle Watts as Nancy Christie
Francis McDonald as Dad Christie
Roy Barcroft as Wade Larkin
Tom London as Henchman Rocky
Kenne Duncan as Henchman Spade
Robert J. Wilke as Henchman Steve
Ruth Lee as Mom Christie
Ed Cassidy as Marshal Dan Adams
Emmett Vogan as Texas Governor
Dickie Dillon as Brush
Freddie Chapman as Stinky
Shelby Bacon as Moonlight


Tolaasin

Tolaasin, a toxic secretion by Pseudomonas tolaasii, is the cause of bacterial brown blotch disease of edible mushrooms.  Tolaasin is a 1985 Da lipodepsipeptide non-host specific toxin.  In addition to forming an amphipathic left handed alpha-helix in a hydrophobic environment, the toxin has been shown to form Zn2+-sensitive voltage-gated ion channels in planar lipid bilayers and to catalyze erythrocyte lysis by a colloid osmotic mechanism.  At high concentrations, tolaasin acts as a detergent that is able to directly dissolve eukaryotic membranes.[1]


Cliff Price

Ernest Clifford "Cliff" Price (13 June 1900 – after 1928) was an English footballer who played at inside left for various clubs in the 1920s.

Football career
Price was born at Market Bosworth, Leicestershire and, after playing as a teenager for Coalville Swifts in the Leicestershire Senior League, joined Leicester Fosse as a trainee in January 1917. After spending a period back with Coalville Swifts on loan, he signed as a professional in October 1920. Price spent a further two seasons with Leicester before transferring to Halifax Town in June 1922.

In December 1923, Price joined Southampton, immediately taking over from Len Andrews in the No.10 shirt. His debut came when he replaced Henry Johnson in a 2–1 victory at South Shields on 22 December 1923, Saints' first away win of the season. Price was described in the local press as "an inside-left of the studious type", whose passes were usually well-judged. He immediately struck up an understanding with his left-wing partner Jimmy Carr before, in January, injury put Carr out of the game for the rest of the season, with Elias MacDonald replacing him.

Price missed only two league matches for the remainder of the 1923–24 season, but missed the start of the following season, with new signing Stan Woodhouse being preferred by manager Jimmy McIntyre. Price regained his place after the first six games and on his recall linked up briefly with his nephew Fred Price who had recently been signed from Leicester City, before Carr returned to the side in November.

Midway through the 1925–26 season Price lost his place to Frank Matthews and at the end of the season returned to the Midlands to join Nottingham Forest.

After two seasons with Forest, Price dropped down to non-league football in October 1928 with Loughborough Corinthians and Nuneaton Town.

Family
His nephew, Fred's brother Jack was also a footballer with Leicester City, Bristol Rovers, Swindon Town and Torquay United.


Labu, Temburong

Labu is a mukim in the Temburong District of Brunei. It is located in the north of the Temburong District bordering Brunei Bay to the north, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the east, Mukim Batu Apoi to the south, Mukim Bangar to the south-west and Limbang, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the west. Mukim Labu contains several islands: Pulau Selirong, Pulau Selanjak, Pulau Siarau and Pulau Pituat. Labu has a total area of ; as of 2016, Labu had a total population of 599.

Areas and divisions
Mukim Labu includes these following areas:

 Kampong Labu Estate
 Kampong Senukoh
 Kampong Piasau-Piasau
 Kampong Payau
 Kampong Ayam-Ayam

Other locations
Other locations within the mukim include:

 Pulau Selirong
 Pulau Selanjak
 Pulau Siarau
 Pulau Pituat

Border crossing
A road border crossing into Sarawak, Malaysia is located in this mukim, along the road between Bangar and Lawas. Called the Labu checkpoint, the crossing is located at the Brunei–Malaysia border east of Bangar.

The Malaysian checkpoint is called Mengkalap. Before the new immigration, customs and quarantine checkpoint complex at the border was completed, the Mengkalap immigration checkpoint operated out of a shoplot in Trusan Bazaar, about 8 km from the border towards Lawas.


Jesse Hartley

Jesse Hartley (21 December 1780 – 24 August 1860) was Civil Engineer and Superintendent of the Concerns of the Dock Estate in Liverpool, England between 1824 and 1860.

He had one son J.B. Hartley (1814–1869).

Hartley's career
Despite having no experience of dock building, Hartley was the first full-time professional dock engineer in the world. He had previously worked for his father Bernard Hartley, a stonemason, architect and bridgemaster John Carr, and the Duke of Devonshire.

Initially he was appointed Deputy Dock Surveyor to John Foster Jr. However, due to John Foster Jr. resigning three days later, he was promoted to Acting Dock Surveyor. During his service, he not only built new docks, but also modernised all of the existing docks with the exception of the Old Dock (opened in 1715), which had become disused and filled in. The docks at Liverpool grew from  during his tenure.

In 1831 he was appointed to convert the Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal to a railway line. He persuaded the company to keep the canal open and build the railway more or less along its route.

Between 1841 and 1843 he prepared a number of different designs for fireproof construction of dockside warehouses. In 1843, he made models of warehouse arches at the Trentham Street Dockyard, to test sheet iron lined timber floored building method and brick and iron building materials. Through fire testing of these models, he eventually convinced the Dock Board Trustees of the benefits of his iron framed construction method. These experiments proved the worthiness of his fireproof design and he designed the Albert Dock to these specifications.

Hartley’s improvements over earlier dock and warehouse design included the use of locks to keep the water at a constant level, so that loading and unloading of ships’ cargoes was not reliant on the tide and the enclosure of the dock with high boundary walls, to reduce theft. He also adapted and improved the design of St Katherine’s Dock in London, by incorporating high arches in the buildings to accommodate cranes.

In his younger days, Hartley is reputed [reference wanted] to have worked for William Alexander Madocks at Port Madock (now Porthmadog) in Caernarfonshire, Wales. Examination of the piers of the Britannia Bridge there, across the River/Afon Glaslyn, shows cyclopean masonry of the type used by Hartley in Liverpool. The bridge can be dated c.1810 (give or take a year), was probably built in the dry and the river diverted through it in 1811/1812. The parapets have been renewed; there is a main road and a tramway/railway running across the bridge. Evidence of the original tramway was found during renewal of the road surface about 2008. It is thought by some to be the oldest railway bridge in the world still in use, but it has not carried a tramway/railway for the whole of that time.

Docks built
Clarence Dock – opened 1830
Brunswick Dock – opened 1832
Waterloo Dock – opened 1834
Victoria Dock – opened 1836
Trafalgar Dock – opened 1836
Canning Half-tide Dock – opened 1844
Albert Dock – opened 1845 (officially opened 1846 by the Prince Consort)
Salisbury Dock – opened 1848
Collingwood Dock – opened 1848
Stanley Dock – opened 1848
Nelson Dock – opened 1848
Bramley-Moore Dock – opened 1848
Wellington Dock – opened in 1851
Wellington Half-tide Dock
Sandon Dock – opened 1849
Huskisson Dock – opened 1852
Canada Dock – opened 1859

Notable buildings
Hartley utilised an eclectic mix of styles and methods of construction in the various buildings associated with the docks. These ranged from the cyclopean to ordinary brick built methods and styles as diverse as Greek revival and severe Gothic.

Albert Dock Warehouses
Wapping Dock warehouse
Stanley Dock warehouses
Stanley and Wapping Docks’ accumulator towers
Canada Dock accumulator tower (demolished)
Wapping policeman’s lodge
Salthouse Dock Transit shed (rebuilt granite gable end survives)
Canning Half-tide Dock watchmen’s huts
Victoria Tower
Point Lynas Lighthouse
Turton and Entwistle Reservoir


The 1989–90 Indiana Hoosiers men's basketball team represented Indiana University. Their head coach was Bobby Knight, who was in his 19th year. The team played its home games in Assembly Hall in Bloomington, Indiana, and was a member of the Big Ten Conference.

The Hoosiers finished the regular season with an overall record of 18–11 and a conference record of 8–10, finishing 7th in the Big Ten Conference. The Hoosiers were invited to participate in the 1990 NCAA Tournament as an 8-seed; however, IU made a quick exit with a first-round loss to 9-seed California.

Roster

Schedule/Results

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Damor

The Damor are an ethnic community found indigenous to the current state of Gujarat in India. They are also known as Damaria.

Origin

The Damor form a section of the Bhil tribe. Relatively recently, they claim themselves to be of Rajput origin, and claim to be descended from Rajput men who married Bhil women . The Damor are found in the districts of Sabarkantha, and Panchmahal.They speak the Gameti dialect of Rajasthani, although many also speak Gujarati.

Present circumstances

The Damor are an endogamous community and practice clan exogamy. Their main clans are the Parmar, Sisodia, Rathore, Chauhan, Solanki, Saradia and Karadiya. Most of these are also well known parallel Rajput clans. The Damor are mainly settled agriculturists, and include both landowners and sharecroppers.

, the Damor of Rajasthan were classified as a Scheduled Tribe under the Indian government's reservation program of positive discrimination.


Come Sunday

"Come Sunday" is a piece by Duke Ellington which became a jazz standard. It was written in 1942 as a part of the first movement of a suite entitled Black, Brown and Beige. Ellington was engaged for a performance at Carnegie Hall on January 23, 1943 for which he wrote the entire composition (that whole concert was released in 1977 as The Carnegie Hall Concerts: January 1943). In 1958 he revised the piece and record it in its entirety for the 1958 album of the same name.

Albums featuring "Come Sunday"
The Carnegie Hall Concerts: January 1943 (1943) by Ellington and his Orchestra
Black, Brown and Beige (1958) Ellington and his Orchestra featuring Mahalia Jackson on vocals
Abbey Is Blue (1959) by Abbey Lincoln
A Portrait of Duke Ellington (1960) by Dizzy Gillespie
My People (1963) by Ellington
Iron Man (1963) by Eric Dolphy
Soulmates (1963) by Ben Webster
Please Send Me Someone to Love (1969) by Phineas Newborn
Basle, 1969 (1969) by The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra
The Cry of My People (1972) by Archie Shepp
The Trio (1973) by Oscar Peterson, Joe Pass and Niels-Henning Ørsted PedersenEllington Is Forever Volume Two (1977) by Kenny BurrellWorld Saxophone Quartet: Plays Duke Ellington (1986) by the World Saxophone QuartetSuper Jam (1990) by Brian Auger, Pete York and other artistsIn a Sentimental Mood: Mathis Sings Ellington (1990) by Johnny MathisLike Song, Like Weather (1998) by Norma WinstoneThe Duets (1999) by Mulgrew Miller and Niels-Henning Ørsted PedersenCome Sunday (2012) by Charlie Haden and Hank JonesDee Dee's Feathers (2015) by Dee Dee BridgewaterSapphire Dreams (2018) by Chanda Rule


Clive Eksteen

Clive Edward Eksteen (born 2 December 1966 in Johannesburg) played seven Tests and six One Day Internationals  for South Africa. In sixteen seasons at Transvaal (later Gauteng) he took 398 wickets at 30.05, also captaining the team for three seasons.

In March 2018 Eksteen was one of two Cricket South Africa (CSA) officials who were suspended after posing for a photograph with fans wearing Sonny Bill Williams masks in Port Elizabeth during the second Test between the Proteas and Australia. The masks appeared following a series of incidents involving David Warner and the South African cricket team and cricket fans in South Africa. The masks are in reference to a past encounter between David Warner's wife and Sonny Bill Williams. There was wide spread condemnation of a player’s wife being "dragged through the mud" as an attempt "to shame her for her past."

Eksteen in May 2018 was allowed back to work at the CSA after his legal team reached an agreement with CSA for his sanction not to be made public.

In October 2019, he was suspended from his position as commercial manager of Cricket South Africa along with interim director Corrie van Zyl and chief operating officer Naasei Appiah for alleged non-payment of commercial rights fees during 2018 Mzansi Super League.


Rumsey Hall (Shepherdstown, West Virginia)

Rumsey Hall, also known as the Entler Hotel, is an historic building in Shepherdstown, West Virginia. The building is located in the center of the Shepherdstown Historic District and is a composite of six separate phases of construction. The earliest portion was built in 1786, and was the home belonging to Christian Cookus. This section burned in 1912. This section was separated by a narrow passage from the core of the hotel property, first started in the 1790s by owner Daniel Bedinger.  This Federal style structure was expanded to the corner sometime before 1809, with a further addition along Princess Street by 1815.  A kitchen and a carriage house completed the complex. Significant interior features remain.  In 1809 a store was opened in the corner building, operated by James Brown. At about the same time, the Globe Tavern opened, offering overnight accommodations. In 1815, Bedinger sold the property to James Brown and Edward Lucas for $6,000.  In 1820 it was again sold, to Thomas Crown of Washington, D.C., for $4000. By this time the tavern was managed by Thomas James and the hotel by Daniel Entler. In 1823, Daniel Entler became the manager of the entire property. The Entlers managed the properties until 1873, when they moved to Piedmont, West Virginia, while retaining ownership of the hotel.

The Entler Hotel was one of two in Shepherdstown run by Entlers.  Daniel Entler's brother Joseph ran the Great Western Hotel, and both were the sons of a German immigrant butcher and innkeeper from York, Pennsylvania.

The Entler Hotel was the chief venue in Shepherdstown for social events.  After the Battle of Antietam, three miles away, Shepherdstown became a field hospital for the wounded, with many severely wounded brought to the Entler. On December 14, 1898, the Entler received one of the first two telephones installed in Jefferson County. Several fires occurred between 1899 and 1912, with a fire in 1910 killing the manager's daughter, who was playing with matches.  In 1912 a conflagration burned several buildings on the north side of German Street, including the original Entler property.  The hotel closed in 1917 and in 1921 it was sold to the State of West Virginia and became the first men's dormitory at Shepherd College, at which time its name was changed to Rumsey Hall.  In the 1950s the building was used as faculty apartments, then as storage.

The Town of Shepherdstown bought the Entler from the State in 1978 after a campaign to prevent the building's demolition, and began restoration work in 1982.  It is now used to house the Historic Shepherdstown Museum, office space for non-profit groups and for town meetings.


RS280

RS-280 is a 5-6 crew sports sailing yacht created and made in Kaunas,  Lithuania. Founders of class are Raimondas Šiugždinis and Saulius Pajarskas. It is the fastest and the most maneuverable yacht class created in Lithuania.

Specifications
Length: 8,30 m
Weight: 1800 kg
Width: 2,74 m
Crew: 5-6
Speed: 11 knots

External links
Official website


Poland at the 2018 European Athletics Championships

Poland are competing at the 2018 European Athletics Championships in Berlin, Germany, from 6-12 August 2018. A delegation of 86 athletes were sent to represent the country.

Medals

Results
 Men
 Track and road

Field events

Combined events – Decathlon

Women
 Track and road

Field events


Ezourvedam

The Ezourvedam is a forgery "consisting of certain 'Vedic' materials translated by Jesuits with the intention of isolating elements most in harmony with Christianity."

History and authorship
A manuscript called Ezourvedam was given to Voltaire in 1760 by Louis-Laurent de Federbe, Chevalier de Maudave. The text was in French, and said to be a French translation of a Sanskrit original. Voltaire was enthusiastic about the work, had it copied, and brought it to the attention of others. It was first published in 1778 (Voltaire died that same year).  The genuineness of the Ezourvedam was first questioned in 1782; these doubts were confirmed in 1822. Rather than an original Sanskrit work, the Ezourvedam turned out to be a French text, written by French Jesuits, and meant to be translated into Sanskrit.

Title
The name Ezourvedam was sometimes taken to be a corruption of Yajurveda, but the Ezourvedam has nothing in common with the Yajurveda. The Ezourvedam itself refers to the Yajurveda as Zozu-vedam. "Ezour" is the sandhi-form of "Ezous-", that is, "Jezus", based on the Latin pronunciation used by the Jesuits. The name "Ezourvedam" means something like "Gospel of Jesus".

Content
Ezourvedam  is a French text in the form of a dialogue between two Vedic sages, one monotheist and one polytheist, they conclude the monotheism of 'pristine Hinduism' points to Christian truth and Hinduism is monotheism masquerading as polytheism concealing monotheism.


Mitsuneyama Keiji

Mitsuneyama Keiji, real name Tōichi Shimamura (7 February 1922 – 15 August 1989) was a sumo wrestler from Arakawa, Tokyo, Japan who won the top division yūshō or tournament championship in 1954. His highest rank was ōzeki and he earned nine kinboshi or gold stars for defeating yokozuna when ranked as a maegashira, and seven special prizes. After his retirement in 1960 he was the head coach of Takashima stable.

Career

He began his professional career in 1937, joining Takashima stable, reaching the top makuuchi division in 1944. He earned nine kinboshi or gold stars for defeating yokozuna whilst ranked as a maegashira, and seven sanshō or special prizes. In 1953, at the age of 31, he was promoted to the second highest rank of ōzeki, after 16 tournaments in the lower san'yaku ranks, ten at sekiwake and six at komusubi. Three tournaments later he took his only top division yūshō or tournament championship, with a 12–3 record. At 32 years and one month he is the sixth oldest first time yūshō winner since World War II, behind Kyokutenhō, Tamawashi, Tamanoumi, Yoshibayama and Takatōriki. He lost the ōzeki rank in 1955, largely due to injuries. He carried on fighting in the maegashira ranks, last under the shikona Mitsuneyama Hōkoku, until January 1960 when he retired at the age of nearly 38.

Retirement from sumo
He remained in the sumo world as a toshiyori or elder of the Japan Sumo Association under the name Kumagatani Oyakata and founded his own Kumagatani stable. In May 1961 he acquired the Takashima elder name and changed the name of the stable to Takashima stable. He produced the top division wrestlers Daiju and Kōbōyama, but resigned due to ill health in 1982, the heya being absorbed into another incarnation of Kumagatani stable founded by the former Yoshinomine. He continued to work as a coach at Kumagatani before leaving the Sumo Association in January 1985. He died in 1989.

Pre-modern top division record

Through most of the 1940s only two tournaments were held a year and only one tournament was held in 1946. The New Year tournament began and the Spring tournament  returned to Osaka tournament in 1953.

Modern tournament record
Since the addition of the Kyushu tournament in 1957 and the Nagoya tournament in 1958, the yearly schedule has remained unchanged.


Guy Gauthier

Guy Gauthier (March 20, 1920 - March 10, 2014) was a Canadian politician and a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec.

Background

He was born in Acton Vale, Montérégie and became a physician.

City Politics

Gauthier served as a city councillor from 1950 to 1953, as Mayor from 1955 to 1972 and as school board member from 1959 to 1963 in Saint-Michel-des-Saints.

Member of the legislature

He ran as a Union Nationale candidate in the 1966 election in the provincial district of Berthier and won.  He served as the parliamentary assistant to the Minister of Health in 1969 and 1970.  He was re-elected in the 1970 election.

Gauthier served as his party's Deputy House Whip from 1966 to 1972.  He lost the 1973 election against Liberal candidate Michel Denis.


La Valle Agordina

La Valle Agordina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about  north of Venice and about  northwest of Belluno. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 1,217 and an area of .

The municipality of La Valle Agordina contains the frazioni (subdivisions, mainly villages and hamlets) Cugnago, Fadés, Lantrago, Matten, Conaggia, Chiesa, Torsas, Gaidòn, Ronche, Ronchet, Cancellade, Noàch, Le Campe, and La Muda.

La Valle Agordina borders the following municipalities: Agordo, Forno di Zoldo, Longarone, Rivamonte Agordino, Sedico, Zoldo Alto.

Territory
La Valle has a lot of mountains around itself and inside its municipality: Zelo (south), Talvena (east), the chain of San Sebastiano (northeast), a little piece of Moiazza.

From the village, other mountains are also visible outside of the municipality: Framont (northwest, Agordo), Agner (west, Agordo), Pale di San Lucano (west-northwest, Taibon Agordino), Monti del Sole (like Sun mountains, southwest, Gosaldo), Imperina (south-southwest, Rivamonte Agordino).

In La Valle's municipality there are a lot of little rivers, like Rova, Missiaga, Bordina and Val Clusa.

Demographic evolution


Gerard Richardson

Gerard Richardson (1910–1971) was an American painter and designer. He was born in New York City. Richardson has been recognized as an important naval artist of the twentieth century. He was married to Alicia Richardson. They had no children, however Richardson had a son, Gerard W Richardson, II (aka Gerard Arthur 1929-2013) with his first wife, Ridie LeClair Richardson.

Career
Richardson was a Commander, later Captain, in the US Navy during World War II.  He mostly did original paintings on a commission basis. There are few signed prints ever authorized by him, but as the official U S Navy Artist during World War II he did thousands of unsigned prints of naval ships during World War II for the sailors who served aboard them. The originals of these ships reside in the U S Navy Museum. Richardson did several large murals in the Washington D.C. area where he and his wife lived after World War II.

He generally signed his oil paintings in upper case letters "GERARD RICHARDSON", usually in red, on the lower right hand corner with a year date.

Heavenly Mist
His painting, Heavenly Mist, is a rendering of the sinking of John F. Kennedy's PT Boat 109 by the Japanese Destroyer, Amagiri.  The painting was commissioned by George E. Lowe in the summer of 1960.   The painting was featured in Robert J. Donovan's book, PT-109, John F. Kennedy in World War II. The painting was a favorite of the President's and remained in the White House until the Johnson Administration.

 the work is in the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library.

Collections
The Syracuse University Library has a special collection of his papers and copies of some of his art works.  Many of his paintings of ships and naval battles reside in the U.S. Navy Museum. Other works in Public Collections are in the French Naval Club, Paris, France; National Naval Memorial Museum, Washington, DC; Admiral Jerauld Wright Building, Washington DC; Norfolk Naval Base, Norfolk, VA; Lyndon B. Johnson Ranch, Texas; Sam Rayburn Library, Texas; In the 1960s, he did the covers for many of the Motor Boating Magazine, a Hearst publication. The originals hang in the Hearst Building in New York City.


Paul Shah

Paul Shah (नेपाली : पल शाह) is a Nepalese film actor and model known for his work in Kollywood. He was featured in over 200 music videos before entering the Nepalese film industry.

Shah got his film break through Nai Nabhannu La 4, which was a commercial success. Since then has made appearance in the commercially successful romantic drama Ma Yesto Geet Gauchu, action film Johnny Gentleman and family drama Satru Gate. 14 months later, he starred in the social romantic drama Bir Birkam 2, part of the Bir Bikram series, opposite Barsha Siwakoti, Najir Hussain and Buddhi Tamang, which was directed and produced by Milan Chams. The film received a mixed response from critics. The film was a moderate success at the box office.

He will star in the sequel of his previous film Ma Yesto Geet Gauxu, titled as Ma Yesto Geet Gauxu 2, opposite Pooja Sharma, which will be directed by Sudarshan Thapa, who also directed its prequel. The film will be released on Falgun 23, 2076. He will also star in Hridaya Bhari, which will be directed by Suraj Subba, opposite Shraddha Chettri, a Kolkata-based Nepali model and actor. The film was slated to be released on Bhadra 27, 2076, but due to post-production issues, it was delayed to 2077.

Filmography

Notable Music videos

Filmography

Awards