NGC 4482

NGC 4482 is a dwarf elliptical galaxy located about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4482 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. It was rediscovered by astronomer Arnold Schwassmann on September 6, 1900 and was listed as IC 3427. It is a member of the Virgo Cluster.


Wilson's Inheritance

Wilson's Inheritance is a historic home  and farm complex located at Union Bridge, Carroll County, Maryland, United States. The complex includes the 1832-38 farmhouse, a bank barn, blacksmith shop, washhouse, smokehouse, chicken houses, sheds, and a privy. The brick house features an "L"-shaped plan, stone foundation, gable roof, ornamentation, and its siting into a slope.

Wilson's Inheritance was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.


David Augustus Clarkson

David Augustus Clarkson (September 6, 1793 – November 24, 1850) was a Hudson River valley landowner and member of several prominent families.

Early life
Clarkson was born on September 6, 1793 in New York City. He was a son of Thomas Streatfeild Clarkson Sr. (1763–1844) and Elizabeth (née Van Horne) Clarkson (1771–1852).

His paternal grandparents were David Clarkson Jr. and Elizabeth (née French) Clarkson.  Through his younger brother Thomas Jr., he was an uncle to Thomas S. Clarkson, the namesake of Clarkson University. His maternal grandparents were Thomas Van Horne and Anna Maria (née Van Cortlandt) Van Horne.

Career and personal life
Clarkson was an 1810 graduate in arts of Columbia College.

On October 4, 1827, Clarkson was married to Margaret Livingston (1808–1874) at Clermont, the Livingston family estate on the Hudson River.  Margaret was the daughter of Lt. Gov. of New York Edward Philip Livingston and his wife, Elizabeth Stevens Livingston (eldest daughter of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston and granddaughter of Continental Congressman John Stevens).  The Clarkson country estate, a wooden frame home called "Chiddingstone," had a quarter mile front on the Hudson River and was one of the five subdivisions his father-in-law made to his children. Together, they were the parents of:

 Edward Livingston Clarkson (1828–1829), who died in infancy.
 Elizabeth Clarkson (1830–1860), who married George Gibbes Barnwell (1826–1902), grand-nephew of Robert Barnwell, in 1854.
 Thomas Streatfield Clarkson (1834–1898), who was involved in real estate and who married Mary Whitmarsh, daughter of Richmond Whitmarsh and Cornelia (née de Peyster) Whitmarsh.

Clarkson died on November 24, 1850.  His wife died in New York City on April 28, 1874.  After this death in 1850, his wife divided their Hudson River estate into two, with the north lot (containing Chiddingstone) going to son Thomas, who razed the elder Clarkson's home and, around 1860, constructed a new Italianate and classical brick home in its place, also called Chiddingstone.  Their daughter Elizabeth received the southern half. After her death in 1860, the property was sold to William H. Hunt of New Orleans for his wife Elizabeth Ridgely (a great-granddaughter of Chancellor Livingston through his daughter Margaret).

Descendants
Through his daughter Elizabeth, he was a grandfather of Robert Morgan Gibbes Barnwell (1858–1930), who married Elizabeth Marie (daughter of Albin Marie) in 1883.

Through his son Thomas, he was a grandfather of David Augustus Clarkson (1858–1952), an 1881 Columbia graduate who served as president of the Real Estate Board of Brokers.  Clarkson served as a trustee of the New York Dispensary for many years and "once conducted, by order of Gov. Charles Evans Hughes, an investigation into the system of giving title to real estate brokers."


Dewey–Stassen debate

The Dewey–Stassen debate was the first audio-recorded presidential debate to ever take place in the United States. It featured New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey and former Minnesota Governor Harold Stassen discussing the legal status of Communist Party of the United States four days before the 1948 Oregon Republican presidential primary. The debate transmitted throughout the nation via radio broadcast, and is credited with helping Dewey win the primary and the nomination of his party. It is often cited as establishing the modern presidential debate standard.

Background
Dewey was the presidential nominee of the Republican Party in 1944, but was defeated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1948, he was considered the frontrunner for the nomination, but was surprised by the dark horse Stassen, who came seemingly from nowhere to win primaries in Wisconsin and Nebraska. Stassen had been Governor of Minnesota from 1939 to 1943, and served in the United States Navy during World War II. He led Dewey in the polls at the time of the debate, and considered pulling the plug on the idea, until it was assessed that the move could negatively affect his campaign.

Although it is believed that Stassen challenged Dewey to the debate, Peter H. Odegard, the president of Reed College officially proposed the idea of a radio broadcast to the candidates. Dewey chose the topic: "Shall the Communist Party be outlawed?" At the time, the capitalist United States was embroiled in a Cold War with the communist Soviet Union. The operation of the Cold War had become an election issue, as well as the question of how communism should be dealt with inside the nation. Stassen who was considered a liberal held the affirmative position, while Dewey argued the negative.

The debate

The debate was held on May 17, 1948 and was moderated by the chairman of the Multnomah County Republican Central Committee, Donald R. Van Boskirk. It is estimated that 40 million people listened to the debate. It was carried by the radio stations of ABC (produced by the Portland affiliate KEX), MBS and NBC, but was not broadcast by CBS. 56 active reporters were present during the debate and sat behind a glass shield to take notes.

Stassen began with a twenty-minute opening that described what he hoped to accomplish unhindered, but mentioned that these goals were threatened by the spread of Communism. He depicted the totalitarian aspects of Communism that he witnessed overseas, using the coup d'état in Czechoslovakia as an example. He then connected the Communist Party of the United States directly to Moscow, and used this to defend his support of the Nixon-Mundt Bill, introduced to the Senate by Senators Karl Earl Mundt of South Dakota and Richard Nixon of California, which he believed would effectively outlaw the Communist Party. Stassen also attacked Dewey directly, commenting that there was a growing presence of Communists in New York.

In a twenty-minute response, Dewey criticized Stassen's position, commented that "you can't shoot an idea with a gun." He remarked that a criminalization of the party would itself be totalitarian, and would advance the cause, arguing that it would be best to keep the movement in the light of day to counter the ideas in public discourse, and that efforts to outlaw the Communist Party of Canada by the Canadian government, had failed. He also questioned Stassen's understanding of the Mundt bill, informing the audience that it would not outlaw the Communist Party as stated by Mundt himself, but would put restrictions on their activities. Dewey defended himself against Stassen's claims about his state by attempting to minimize the issue.

Stassen and Dewey each had an eight and a half minute rebuttal following Dewey's response. Both tried to convince the audience that they had won the debate since the other supported the bill, which effectively conceded their view. Stassen held that the bill would effectively ban the party, but Dewey commented that only two people held that particular position: Stassen and the leader of the Communist Party.

Aftermath
Dewey was considered the winner of the debate and won the primary in Oregon on May 21. At the Republican convention, Dewey won the nomination of his party. Despite the infamous Dewey Defeats Truman headline, he lost the general election to President Harry Truman, and died in 1971. Stassen became a perennial presidential candidate, running for the Republican nomination at least ten more times until his death in 2001.

The presidential debate has since become a cornerstone of presidential elections since the first televised debate in 1960. At least one has been held in every presidential election since 1976.


Texas State Highway 310

State Highway 310 (SH 310) is a short north–south state highway entirely within Dallas, Texas. It is a portion of the old route of U.S. Highway 75 along the South Central Expressway, which now ends in downtown Dallas, in the southeastern part of Dallas that Interstate 45 and U.S. Highway 175 did not wholly supplant altogether.

Route description
Its northern terminus is US 175; its southern terminus is Interstate 45.  The northern section is a freeway to Overton Road, just south of the Trinity River bridge, and a surface street from there to its southern terminus. The southbound bridge is the original simple steel girder bridge from abutment to abutment while the northbound is newer and largely precast concrete - the only steel girders are the longer spans directly over the river. The southbound bridge was repainted by CEKRA for TxDOT in late 2015.

SH 310 north of Loop 12 (along with the northern portion of US 175 with which it connects) was co-named the S.M. Wright Freeway after a local minister.  It is technically also referred to as Central Expressway, as the original US 75 was given this name.  In practice, Dallasites refer to the current US 75 (the portion north of downtown) as Central Expressway and the decommissioned US 75 (the portion south of downtown) as the S.M. Wright Freeway.

Through southern Dallas, Interstate 45 (also named the Julius Schepps Freeway) has replaced State Highway 310 as a through route.  However, as I-45 is completely elevated between downtown and the Trinity River, during freezing rain events it is virtually impassable, whereupon it is closed and traffic is diverted onto State Highway 310.

History
An earlier SH 310 was designated on February 20, 1939 from SH 29 to the Lockhart Recreation Center. On September 26, 1939, SH 310 was cancelled and transferred to PR 10. The current SH 310 was designated on January 28, 1987, replacing part of US 75 from US 175 south to I-45. On April 29, 2013, SH 310 extended north from US 175 to I-45, replacing part of US 175, which was designated to be rerouted on a more direct route west to I-45. The rerouting of US 175 is currently under construction.

Major intersections


Lamiopsis

Lamiopsis is a genus of shark in the family Carcharhinidae found in Indian and Pacific Ocean. This genus was previously considered to be monotypic. However, a recent taxonomic study revealed that the western central Pacific populations were a separate species.

Species
There are currently 2 recognized species in this genus:
 Lamiopsis temminckii (J. P. Müller & Henle, 1839) (Broadfin shark)
 Lamiopsis tephrodes (Fowler, 1905) (Borneo broadfin shark)


Emilio Monzó

Emilio Monzó (born 26 September 1965) is an Argentinian lawyer and Republican Proposal (PRO) politician who served as President of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies from 2015 to 2019.

He was born in Carlos Tejedor, Buenos Aires Province and studied law at the University of Buenos Aires.

He began his political activism in the 1980s in the Union of the Democratic Center, later switching to the Justicialist Party. In 2011 he joined Republican Proposal and worked at the successful 2015 presidential campaign of Mauricio Macri.

He was Mayor of his birthplace between 2003 and 2007 after serving in the City Council. He served as Minister of Rural Affairs in the provincial government of Daniel Scioli, and later became Mauricio Macri's Chief of Staff of in the Buenos Aires City government.


February 2017 in sports

Events calendar


Over 60 Minutes with Luba

Over 60 Minutes With Luba is a compilation of popular songs from the first three albums on Capitol-EMI of Canada by Canadian singer, Luba and band.  Two additional songs appear on this release, including the hit single "The Best Is Yet To Come" which is featured on the motion picture soundtrack for 9½ Weeks and a live version of the Percy Sledge classic "When A Man Loves A Woman."  A 12" club mix of the Canadian gold smash "Let It Go" is also included on this album.

Track listing
The Best Is Yet To Come – 3:54 (from the soundtrack 9½ Weeks, 1986)
When A Man Loves A Woman – 5:03 (previously unreleased)
Let It Go [Extended Club Mix] – 6:11 (previously unreleased)
Innocent (With An Explanation) – 3:40 (from Between the Earth & Sky, 1986)
Act Of Mercy - 5:31 (from Between the Earth & Sky, 1986)
Secrets And Sins - 3:41 (from Secrets and Sins, 1984)
Even In The Darkest Moments - 3:52 (from Between the Earth & Sky, 1986)
How Many - 4:14 (from Between the Earth & Sky, 1986)
Sacrificial Heart - 3:31 (from Secrets and Sins, 1984)
Storm Before The Calm - 3:28 (from Secrets and Sins, 1984)
Everytime I See Your Picture - 4:01 (from Secrets and Sins, 1984)
Strength In Numbers - 4:29 (from Between the Earth & Sky, 1986)
What You Believe - 4:26 (from Between the Earth & Sky, 1986)
Raven's Eyes - 3:22 (from Luba (EP), 1982)
Back To Emotion - 4:07 (from Between the Earth & Sky, 1986)
Resurrect The Love - 4:24 (from Secrets and Sins, 1984)

Personnel
 Luba: Vocals
 Peter Marunzak: Drums & Drum Programming
 Michael (Bell) Zwonok: Bass & Backing Vocals
 Mark Lyman: Guitar & Backing Vocals
 Michel Corriveau: Keyboards
 Jeff Smallwood: Guitar & Backing Vocals
 The Sherwoods: Backing Vocals

Additional musicians

 Guitars: Alain Couture, Corrado Rustici
 Bass: Randy Jackson
 Keyboards: Pierre Marchand, Daniel Barbe, Sterling Crew, Preston Glass, Walter Afanasieff
 Drums/Percussion: Daniel Lanois, Narada Michael Walden, Andy Narell, Dick Smith
 Backing Vocals: Alain Couture, Shawne Jackson, Sharon Lee Williams, Daniel Barbe
 Emulator Programming: Alain Simard
 Saxophone: Kenny G on "How Many"


Caldwell, Arkansas

Caldwell is a city in St. Francis County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 555 at the 2010 census, an increase from 465 in 2000.

Geography
Caldwell is located at .

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 7.8 km² (3.0 mi²), of which 7.8 km² (3.0 mi²) is land and 0.1 km² (0.04 mi²) (0.66%) is water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 465 people, 174 households, and 140 families residing in the town.  The population density was 59.6/km² (154.7/mi²).  There were 190 housing units at an average density of 24.4/km² (63.2/mi²).  The racial makeup of the town was 82.80% White, 15.05% Black or African American, 0.43% Native American, 1.51% Asian, and 0.22% from two or more races.  0.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 174 households out of which 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 70.7% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 19.0% were non-families. 15.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the town, the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.9 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $38,594, and the median income for a family was $46,250. Males had a median income of $31,806 versus $21,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,889.  About 9.9% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.4% of those under age 18 and 16.3% of those age 65 or over.

Education
Forrest City School District operates public schools serving the community. Forrest City High School is the local high school.


Travis Stevens

Travis Stevens (born February 28, 1986) is a judoka and Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioner from the United States who competed in the 2008, 2012, and 2016 Summer Olympics.  He competes in the men's half-middleweight (-81 kg) division. On August 9, 2016, Stevens became the third American male judoka to win a silver medal in the Olympics.

Career
An early start at the age of 6 enabled him to acquire a vast amount of knowledge in Judo and other martial arts. Travis is an outstanding athlete in the disciplines of Judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu, and holds many accomplishments in both. He is currently ranked number 12 in the world in the -81 kg weight class by the International Judo Federation (as of 9 August 2016).

At the 2008 Summer Olympics, he lost to eventual gold medalist Ole Bischof in the third round, before losing to Tiago Camilo in the repechage.

At the 2012 Summer Olympics he again lost to 2008 gold medalist Ole Bischof, this time in the semi-finals by judges' decision.  Stevens was then beaten in the bronze medal match by Canada's Antoine Valois-Fortier. Travis also holds a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu under John Danaher and Renzo Gracie, which Danaher awarded on November 19, 2013.

At the 2016 Summer Olympics, he lost to Khasan Khalmaurzaev (Russia) in the finals, earning a silver medal.

Stevens primarily teaches out of FUJI Gym in Wakefield, Massachusetts, which he opened on January 12, 2013. He trains at the Renzo Gracie Academy in New York City with several elite athletes. Travis also teaches at Renzo Gracie Fort Lee in New Jersey.


Shankend Viaduct

Shankend Viaduct is a former railway viaduct in the Scottish Borders just over six miles south of the town of Hawick. It is a category B listed building.

It carried the Edinburgh-Carlisle main line of the North British Railway, the Waverley Line, on 15 stone arches across the shallow Langside valley and the Langside burn. It has a maximum height of  and has been extensively repaired with brick patching.

The viaduct was the last section of the Waverley Line and was opened to goods traffic on 28 June 1862 and passenger traffic on 1 July 1862. The contract for the construction of the viaduct was awarded together with the nearby southern Whitrope Tunnel on the same line.

With the closure of the entire route on 6 January 1969, the viaduct became obsolete and the rails have since been removed. In the 2000s, the monument was extensively restored by BRB (Residuary) Limited.


Trumpets and Raspberries

Trumpets and Raspberries (Italian title: Clacson, trombette e pernacchi) is a satirical play by Dario Fo, first performed in 1981.

Plot summary
The fictional plot revolves around a real political figure, Gianni Agnelli, head of the Fiat corporation from 1966 to 2003. When Agnelli is disfigured in a failed kidnap attempt, he is rescued by Antonio, one of his Fiat employees. Antonio flees the scene when people start shooting at him, leaving his jacket on Agnelli's body. Agnelli is taken to hospital in Antonio's jacket, where he mistakenly has his face reconstructed in Antonio's likeness. Farcical confusion ensues.

List of characters
 Antonio Berardi / Gianni Agnelli (normally played by the same person)
 Rosa Berardi
 Lucia
 Police Inspector
 Magistrate
 Doctor
 Secret Agent Leader Fellini
 Policeman
 Man with Fridge
 Secret Agents / Orderlies
 Statue

Translations
Ed Emery has carried out an authorised English adaptation (Trumpets and Raspberries).

Ron Jenkins has carried out an authorised English adaptation (About Face).

Further reading


Pteropurpura festiva

Pteropurpura festiva, commonly known as the festive murex, is a species of predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the rock snails. Native to the Eastern Pacific, these sea snails grow to 34–67 mm in length.

This species was previously known as Murex festivus. Because the shell of this sea snail is attractive, and is common in San Diego, the name The Festivus was used for the San Diego Shell Club publication, which was started in 1970, became a science journal on malacology, and as of 2011 had been published for over 40 years.

Description
The length of the shell varies between 20 mm and 67 mm.

The elongately ovate shell contains six convex whorls with three low, reflexed varices per whorl. These varices are finely frilled on front. Between these varices, a rib shows a large, blunt knob on the shoulder. The wide outer lip is finely dentate with 5-7 teeth inside. The columella is simple and smooth. The oval aperture shows a varix extenting to the short, deep and recurved siphonal canal.

The ground color of the shell varies from white to light brown, crossed by evenly spaced, thin, incised, spiral dark brown lines

It is a formidable predator on mussels, limpets, barnacles and other snails. But through this biotic characteristic, it is responsible for resistance to the Asian mussel (Musculista senhousia) invasion in Southern California.

Distribution
This marine species occurs abundantly in the intertidal zone and mud flats off Southern California, USA (with most records from Santa Barbara, Los Angeles and San Diego) to Baja California, Mexico


Yanbian County

Yanbian County () is a county in the far south of Sichuan Province, China. It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Panzhihua.

Climate


Qarahchi

Qarahchi or Qarehchi () may refer to:
 Qarahchi-ye Olya, Ardabil Province
 Qarahchi-ye Sofla, Ardabil Province
 Qarahchi-ye Ahmadabad, East Azerbaijan Province
 Qarahchi Qeran, Kurdistan Province


Into the Inferno (film)

Into the Inferno is a 2016 documentary film directed by Werner Herzog. In it, Herzog explores active volcanoes from around the world, and the people who live near them, with volcanologist and co-director Clive Oppenheimer. The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on 3 September 2016 before its debut on Netflix on 28 October 2016.

Synopsis
An exploration of active volcanoes in Indonesia (Mount Sinabung), Iceland, North Korea and Ethiopia (Erta Ale), Herzog follows volcanologist and co-director Clive Oppenheimer, who hopes to minimize the volcanoes’ destructive impact. Herzog’s quest is to gain an image of our origins and nature as a species. He finds that the volcano is mysterious, violent, and rapturously beautiful
and instructs us that, “there is no single one that is not connected to a belief system.”

Release
The film had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on 3 September 2016. The film also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival on 13 September 2016. The film was released on Netflix worldwide on 28 October 2016.


Vegetative reproduction

Vegetative reproduction (also known as vegetative propagation, vegetative multiplication or cloning) is any form of asexual reproduction occurring in plants in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or a specialized reproductive structure.

Many plants naturally reproduce this way, but it can also be induced artificially. Horticulturalists have developed asexual propagation techniques that use vegetative plant parts to replicate plants. Success rates and difficulty of propagation vary greatly.  Monocotyledons typically lack a vascular cambium and therefore are harder to propagate.

Background
Plant propagation is the process of plant reproduction of a species or cultivar, and it can be sexual or asexual. It can happen through the use of vegetative parts of the plants, such as leaves, stems, and roots to produce new plants or through growth from specialized vegetative plant parts.

While many plants reproduce by vegetative reproduction, they rarely exclusively use that method to reproduce. Vegetative reproduction is not evolutionary advantageous; it does not allow for genetic diversity and could lead plants to accumulate deleterious mutations. Vegetative reproduction is favored when it allows plants to produce more offspring per unit of resource than reproduction through seed production. In general, juveniles of a plant are easier to propagate vegetatively.

Although most plants normally reproduce sexually, many can reproduce vegetatively, or can be induced to do so via hormonal treatments. This is because meristematic cells capable of cellular differentiation are present in many plant tissues.

Vegetative propagation is usually considered a cloning method. However, root cuttings of thornless blackberries (Rubus fruticosus) will revert to thorny type because the adventitious shoot develops from a cell that is genetically thorny. Thornless blackberry is a chimera, with the epidermal layers genetically thornless but the tissue beneath it genetically thorny. Similarly, leaf cutting propagation of certain chimeral variegated plants like the snake plant (Sansevieria trifasciata), will produce mainly nonvariegated plants.

Grafting is often not a complete cloning method because seedlings are used as rootstocks. In that case, only the top of the plant is clonal. In some crops, particularly apples, the rootstocks are vegetatively propagated so the entire graft can be clonal if the scion and rootstock are both clones. Apomixis (including apospory and diplospory) is a type of reproduction that does not involve fertilization. In flowering plants, unfertilized seeds are produced, or plantlets that grow instead of flowers. Hawkweed (Hieracium), dandelion (Taraxacum), some citrus (Citrus) and many grasses such as Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) all use this form of asexual reproduction. Bulbils are sometimes formed instead of the flowers of garlic.

Mechanisms
Meristem tissue makes the process of asexual reproduction possible. It is normally found in stems, leaves, and tips of stems and roots and consists of undifferentiated cells that are constantly dividing allowing for plant growth and give rise to plant tissue systems. The meristem tissue's ability to continuously divide allows for vegetative propagation to occur.

Another important ability  that  allows for vegetative propagation is the ability to develop adventitious roots which arise from other vegetative parts of the plants such as the stem or leaves. These roots allow for the development of new plants from body parts from other plants.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages
There are several advantages of vegetative reproduction, mainly that the produced offspring are clones of their parent plants. If a plant has favorable traits, it can continue to pass down its advantageous genetic information to its offspring. It can be economically beneficial for commercial growers to clone a certain plant to ensure consistency throughout their crops. Vegetative propagation also allows plants to avoid the costly and complex process of producing sexual reproduction organs such as flowers and the subsequent seeds and fruits. For example, developing an ace cultivar is extremely difficult, so, once farmers develop the desired traits in apple, they use grafting and budding to ensure the consistency of the new cultivar and its successful production on a commercial level. However, as can be seen in many variegated plants, this does not always apply, because many plants actually are chimeras and cuttings might reflect the attributes of only one or some of the parent cell lines. Vegetative propagation also allows plants to circumvent the immature seedling phase and reach the mature phase faster. In nature, that increases the chances for a plant to successfully reach maturity, and, commercially, it saves farmers a lot of time and money as it allows for faster crop overturn.

Vegetative reproduction offers research advantages in several areas of biology and has practical usage when it comes to afforestation. The most common use made of vegetative propagation by forest geneticists and tree breeders has been to move genes from selected trees to some convenient location, usually designated a gene bank, clone bank, clone-holding orchard, or seed orchard where their genes can be recombined in pedigreed offspring.

Disadvantage
A major disadvantage of vegetative propagation is that it prevents species genetic diversity which can lead to reductions in crop yields. The plants are genetically identical and are all, therefore, susceptible to pathogenic plant viruses, bacteria and fungi that can wipe out entire crops.

Types

Natural means
Natural vegetative propagation is mostly a process found in herbaceous and woody perennial plants, and typically involves structural modifications of the stem, although any horizontal, underground part of a plant (whether stem, leaf, or root) can contribute to vegetative reproduction of a plant. Most plant species that survive and significantly expand by vegetative reproduction would be perennial almost by definition, since specialized organs of vegetative reproduction, like seeds of annuals, serve to survive seasonally harsh conditions. A plant that persists in a location through vegetative reproduction of individuals over a long period of time constitutes a clonal colony.

In a sense, this process is not one of reproduction but one of survival and expansion of biomass of the individual. When an individual organism increases in size via cell multiplication and remains intact, the process is called "vegetative growth". However, in vegetative reproduction, the new plants that result are new individuals in almost every respect except genetic. Of considerable interest is how this process appears to reset the aging clock.

As aforementioned, plants vegetetatively propagate both artificially and naturally. Most common methods of natural vegetative reproduction involves the development of a new plant from specialized structures of a mature plant. In addition to adventitious roots, roots that arise from plant structures other than the root, such as stems or leaves, modified stems, leaves and roots play an important role in plants' ability to naturally propagate. The most common modified stems, leaves and roots that allow for vegetative propagation are:

Rhizomes
Rhizomes are stem-like structures that grows horizontally across the ground and from which new roots and shoots may arise. They serve as protein and starch storage units serving as a nutrient source for newly developed plants.

Examples of plants that use rhizomes are ginger, lilies and irises.

Runners
Also known as stolons, runners are modified stems that, unlike rhizomes, grow from existing stems just below the soil surface. As they are propagated, the buds on the modified stems produce roots and stems. Those buds are more separated than the ones found on the rhizome.

Examples of plants that use runners are strawberries and currants.

Bulbs
Bulbs are inflated parts of the stem within which lie the central shoots of new plants. They are typically underground and are surrounded by plump and layered leaves that provide nutrients to the new plant.

Examples of plants that use bulbs are shallots, lilies and tulips.

Tubers
Tubers develop from either the stem or the root. Stem tubers grow from rhizomes or runners that swell from storing nutrients while root tubers propagate from roots that are modified to store nutrients and get too large and produce a new plant.

Examples of stem tubers are potatoes and yams and examples of root tubers are sweet potatoes and dahlias.

Corms
Corms are solid enlarged underground stems that store nutrients in their fleshy and solid stem tissue and are surrounded by papery leaves. Corms differ from bulbs in that their centers consists of solid tissue while bulbs consist of layered leaves.

Examples of plants that use corms are gladiolus and taro.

Suckers
Also known as root sprouts, suckers are plant stems that arise from buds on the base of parent plants stems or on roots.

Examples of plants that use suckers are apple and banana trees.

Plantlets
Plantlets are miniature structures that arise from meristem in leaf margins that eventually develops roots and drop from the leaves they grew on.

An example of a plant that uses plantlets is the Bryophyllum daigremontianum (syn. Kalanchoe daigremontianum), which is also known as mother of thousands for its many plantlets.

Keikis
Keikis are additional offshoots which develop on vegetative stems or flower stalks of several orchids genera.

Examples of plants that use keikis are the Phalaenopsis, Epidendrum, and Dendrobium genera of orchids.

Apomixis
Apomixis is the process of asexual reproduction through seed, in the absence of meiosis and fertilization, generating clonal progeny of maternal origin.

Artificial means
Vegetative propagation of particular cultivars that have desirable characteristics is very common practice. It is used by farmers and horticulturalists to produce better crops with desirable qualities. The most common methods of artificial vegetative propagation are:

Cutting
A cutting is a part of the plant, usually a stem or a leaf, is cut off and planted. Adventitious roots grow from cuttings and a new plant eventually develops. Usually those cuttings are treated with hormones before being planted to induce growth.

Example: rose;hibiscus.

Grafting
Grafting involves attaching a scion, or a desired cutting, to the stem of another plant called stock that remains rooted in the ground. Eventually both tissue systems become grafted or integrated and a plant with the characteristics of the grafted plant develops.e.g mango, guava, etc

Layering
Layering is a process which includes the bending of plant branches or stems so that they touch the ground and are covered with soil. Adventitious roots develops from the underground part of the plant, which is known as the layer. This method of vegetative reproduction also occurs naturally. Another similar method, air layering, involved the scraping and replanting of tree branches which develop into trees.

Suckering
Suckers grow and form a dense compact mat that is attached to the parent plant. Too many suckers can lead to smaller crop size, so excess suckers are pruned, and mature suckers are transplanted to a new area where they develop into new plants.

Tissue culture
In tissue culture, plant cells are taken from various parts of the plant and are cultured and nurtured in a sterilized container. The mass of developed tissue, known as the callus, is then cultured in a hormone-ladened medium and eventually develops into plantlets which are then planted and eventually develop into grown plants.

Offset
An offset is the lower part of a single culm with the rhizome axis basal to it and its roots. Planting of these is the most conventional way of propagating bamboo.


Derby (cigarette)

Derby is a Brazilian brand of cigarettes, launched in 1993 and currently owned and manufactured by Souza Cruz, a subsidiary of British American Tobacco.

History
After the introduction of the brand, it soon became the market leader in Brazil, especially in the segment of lower income consumers, with the slogan "The taste that won Brazil" and "100% Brazil Flavor". The seal was for many years one of the cheaper cigarette brands in Brazil, which made it achieve high sales and the leadership of cigarette sales in the third month after launch. In 1996, the company had sales of 6.2 billion Brazilian real, with Derby as the leader in cigarette sales with 42.4% of the total. This success is translated with the slogan "The taste that won Brazil", which was so well received by the market that the advertising agency Of Paola & Lanzetta won the Golden Lion in 1997.

It is estimated that today every three cigarettes sold legally in Brazil are of the mark Derby. Because of the success and wide spread in different regions of the country, Derby was considered a trademark of high renown by the Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (National Institute of Industrial Property), which is equivalent to the highest level of recognition that a brand can achieve in Brazil.

The brand is mainly sold in Brazil, but also is or was sold in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela, Belgium, East Germany, Germany, Romania and China

Products
 Derby Vermelho (Red)
 Derby Azul (Blue)
 Derby Prata (Silver)

Below are all the current varieties of Derby cigarettes sold, with the levels of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide included.


Terry de la Mesa Allen Sr.

Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen Sr. (April 1, 1888 – September 12, 1969) was a senior United States Army officer who fought in both World War I and World War II. Allen was a decorated World War I veteran who commanded the 1st Infantry Division in North Africa and Sicily from May 1942 until August 1943. He was later selected to lead the 104th Infantry Division as divisional commander, a post he held until the end of the war.

Early years

Allen was born in Fort Douglas, Utah, to Colonel Samuel Allen and Consuelo "Conchita" Alvarez de la Mesa. Allen's family had a long line of military tradition. Besides his father, Allen's maternal grandfather was Colonel Carlos Alvarez de la Mesa, a Spanish national who fought at Gettysburg for the Union Army in the Spanish Company of the "Garibaldi Guard", officially known as the 39th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, during the American Civil War. Allen grew up in various military bases because of his father's military career and in 1907, received an appointment to the United States Military Academy (West Point) in New York. Unlike most American World War II generals, Allen was also a Catholic.

Military career
There were three certain factors which affected Allen's performance at West Point and which would lead up to his dismissal. One of them was that he began to stutter and soon fell behind in his classes. Another was that he was held back a grade in his second year because he failed mathematics. Finally, he failed an ordnance and gunnery course.

Allen enrolled and attended the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912. He joined the United States Army once more and after passing the competitive army officers exam, was commissioned a second lieutenant of Cavalry Branch and assigned to Fort Myer, Virginia. In 1913, he was reassigned to the 14th Cavalry Regiment at Eagle Pass, Texas, and served there until 1917. During this time, he pursued and captured ammunition smugglers and served on border duty. He was promoted twice: on July 1, 1916, to first lieutenant and on May 15, 1917, to captain, almost six weeks after the American entry into World War I.

World War I
On June 7, 1918, fourteen months after the United States declared war against Germany and entered World War I, Allen was sent to France and assigned to the 315th Ammunition Train. Allen showed up at a school for infantry officers the day before a class graduation. When the commandant of the school began to hand out certificates to the graduates, Allen lined up with them. When confronted with him, the commandant said, "I don't remember you in this class." "I'm Allen. Why don't you?" was his reply. Without further ado, Allen was given the certificate and became a temporary major.

Allen was assigned to the 3rd Battalion of the 358th Infantry Regiment, part of the 90th Division of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) which he led into battle on the Western Front at St. Mihiel and Aincreville. During one battle Allen received a bullet through his jaw and mouth and, as a result of the wound, never stuttered again. He was awarded a Silver Star and a Purple Heart for his actions. Allen remained with the AEF in France until the Armistice of November 11, 1918. He then served with the Army of Occupation in Germany until 1920 when he returned to the United States.

Between the wars
After Allen returned to the United States, his temporary rank of major was reverted to captain until July 1, 1920, when he was promoted to the permanent rank of major. He served in Camp Travis and later in Fort McIntosh, both located in Texas. In 1922, Allen was assigned to the 61st Cavalry Division, in New York City.

He continued to take military related courses, among them: an advanced course at the U.S. Army Cavalry School, Fort Riley, Kansas; a U.S. Army Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas; a course in the U.S. Army Infantry School at Fort Benning, Georgia and an interim course in infantry command with other divisions. In 1928, he married Mary Frances Robinson of El Paso, Texas with whom in 1929 he had a son, Terry Allen Jr. On August 1, 1935, Allen was promoted to lieutenant colonel and became an instructor at the U.S. Army Cavalry School at Fort Riley, Kansas. He wrote and published "Reconnaissance by horse cavalry regiments and smaller units" in 1939.

On October 1, 1940, during World War II (although the United States was still neutral at this point) General George C. Marshall Jr., the U.S. Army Chief of Staff, promoted him to the rank of brigadier general (without ever holding the rank of colonel) and commanded the 3rd Cavalry Brigade. From April–May 1941 he commanded the 2nd Cavalry Division. He then became the assistant division commander (ADC) of the 36th Infantry Division, an Army National Guard formation from Texas. The 36th Division was commanded by his good friend, Brigadier General Fred L. Walker.

Command style
From all reports, Allen was not only respected but was warmly regarded by his troops of his 1st Infantry Division, particularly the enlisted men. Like General George Patton, Allen's superior for much of the war, Allen generally placed his headquarters far forward, as close to the front line as possible. Unlike Patton, however, Allen did not bother greatly with his military appearance, frequently going without clean uniforms and haircuts. He was also reportedly the only American general officer in the European and North African theaters who preferred to sleep on the ground, rather than on a cot or in a bed. However, despite a casual attitude toward his own personal appearance, Allen did not tolerate slovenliness or incompetence in the troops under his command. He expected his soldiers to keep their weapons and equipment in perfect working order and trained the men constantly to keep them combat ready.

As war correspondent Ernie Pyle, who was later killed in action, would write, "Major General Terry Allen was one of my favorite people. Partly because he didn't give a damn for hell or high water; partly because he was more colorful than most; and partly because he was the only general outside the Air Forces I could call by his first name. If there was one thing in the world Allen lived and breathed for, it was to fight. He had been all shot up in the last war, and he seemed not the least averse to getting shot up again. This was no intellectual war with him. He hated Germans and Italians like vermin."

In preparing the 1st Infantry Division for its first encounter with the enemy, Major General Allen emphasized realistic training exercises, weapons practice, and physical conditioning in the field in place of drill and military ceremony. He felt that the more time his men spent in training realistically, the better prepared they would be for combat with the highly trained and professional German Army. Allen had a distinct preference for night assaults, which he believed caused fewer casualties, and much time and effort was devoted to company and battalion-size night movements.

World War II
In May 1942, five months after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and the subsequent German declaration of war on the United States, he was promoted to the rank of major general and given command of the 1st Infantry Division.

Allen's 1st Infantry Division was soon sent to the United Kingdom where they underwent further combat training, which included training in amphibious operations. Allen and his ADC, Brigadier General Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (son of former President Theodore Roosevelt), distinguished themselves as combat leaders. Allen's brash and informal leadership style won him much respect and loyalty from the men in his division, who wholeheartedly adopted his emphasis on aggressiveness and combat effectiveness rather than military appearances. Another notable officer under his command was his chief of staff, Colonel Norman Cota, who would later become a major general and be remembered for his leadership on Omaha Beach during the invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, D-Day.

Operation Torch
The division participated in the invasion of French North Africa. The division landed in Oran, Algeria on November 8, 1942, as part of Center Task Force of Operation Torch under the command of Major General Lloyd Fredendall. Elements of the division then took part in combat in the Tunisia Campaign at Maktar, Medjez el Bab, Kasserine Pass, Gafsa, El Guettar, Béja, and Mateur, from January 21, 1943 to May 9, 1943, helping secure Tunisia. In July, 1943, the division participated in the Allied invasion of Sicily, codenamed Operation Husky. In a 3 March 1943 letter to the Army Chief of Staff, Marshall, General Dwight D. "Ike" Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander in North Africa, expressed his confidence in the 1st Infantry Division's two leaders: "Terry Allen seems to be doing a satisfactory job; so is Roosevelt."

In spite of Allen's successes, Major General Omar Bradley, the II Corps commander, was highly critical of both Allen and Roosevelt's wartime leadership style.  "While the Allies were parading decorously through Tunis," Bradley wrote, "Allen's brawling 1st Infantry Division was celebrating the Tunisian victory in a manner all its own. In towns from Tunisia all the way to Arzew, the division had left a trail of looted wine shops and outraged mayors. But it was in Oran...that the division really ran amuck. The trouble began when SOS (Services of Supply) troops, long stationed in Oran, closed their clubs and installations to our combat troops from the front. Irritated by this exclusion, the 1st Division swarmed into town to 'liberate' it a second time."  Bradley continued: "Despite their [prodigious] talents as combat leaders, neither Terry Allen nor Brigadier General Theodore Roosevelt Jr, the assistant division commander, possessed the instincts of a good disciplinarian. They looked upon discipline as an unwelcome crutch to be used by less able and personable commanders."  Despite this, Bradley admitted that "none excelled the unpredictable Terry Allen in the leadership of troops."

Campaign in Sicily
Bradley's resentment of Allen stands in marked contrast to that of Patton, the U.S. Seventh Army commander in Sicily. Although Patton and Allen frequently argued and even insulted each other, particularly when discussing tactics and leadership styles, the former recognized Allen's competence in building a fighting division. When Patton heard General Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander, deliver a lecture on the 'poor discipline' of Allen's 1st Division, Patton contradicted him: "I told him he was mistaken and that anyhow no one whips a dog before putting him into a fight." Nor did personalities dissuade Patton from fighting to get the 1st Infantry Division to carry out the Gela landings in Sicily, which he had correctly surmised would be the most difficult of the Allied assault landings in Sicily. When Patton learned that the 36th Infantry Division, commanded by Major General Fred Walker (whom Allen had served under as ADC during his time with the division), was to be used instead at Gela, he protested to General Eisenhower, claiming "I want those [1st Infantry Division] sons of bitches. I won't go without them!"  Patton got his way.

With Patton occupied with the German evacuation from Messina and responding to official inquiries concerning his slapping of an enlisted soldier, Bradley used the opportunity to ask General Eisenhower permission to relieve both Allen and Roosevelt of their commands. Bradley ostensibly justified his request by stating that a change of senior command was needed in the 1st Division after the failure of the initial assault on Troina by the division. In reality, the first assault on Troina had been carried out by the 39th Infantry, a unit of the 9th Infantry Division that had been temporarily attached to Allen's 1st Division a few days prior to the attack. However, it served as a convenient pretext to relieve Allen, whose cocky and independent command style, while demonstrably effective, clashed with Bradley's idea of a commander. Even worse, in Bradley's mind, was that "the whole division had assumed Allen's cavalier attitude."

Although Bradley believed his actions caused Allen's relief, recent scholarship suggests that Allen's return to the United States was planned by Eisenhower and Patton before the Sicilian campaign began. Indeed, Eisenhower's statement on the matter from his personal papers was unequivocal:  "It is a terrible injustice to General Allen to hint that he was relieved for inefficiency. The answer to this one is that I will be glad to have General Allen again as a division commander."

On August 7, 1943, Allen was succeeded as 1st Infantry Division commander by Major General Clarence R. Huebner who, like Allen, was a distinguished veteran of World War I who had served with the 1st Division throughout the war.

104th Infantry Division
Allen was featured on the cover of Time Magazine on August 9, 1943. On October 15, 1943 he assumed his new command leading the 104th Infantry Division, known as the Timberwolf Division. Despite being relieved of command of the 1st Infantry Division, Allen continued his own style of leadership. Former 104th Infantry Division veterans remembered him as being "Confident, stubborn, determined, and aggressive." At the same time, Allen gave orders that he would not tolerate unshaven or slovenly troops–what he termed "Mauldins" in the Timberwolf Division.

While training the 104th in Arizona and Colorado, Allen stressed his own principles for combat success: "find 'em, fix 'em, fight 'em" ... "take the high ground" ... "inflict maximum damage to the enemy with minimum casualties to ourselves, night attack, night attack, night attack." The division extensively practiced night offensive operations to achieve maximum surprise and disruption of the enemy while reducing casualties from enemy artillery and machinegun fire.

Some 34,000 men served with the division under Allen, fighting for 195 consecutive days after landing in France on September 7, 1944. The division's first action came in October 1944 during the taking of Achtmaal and Zundert in the Netherlands. It then advanced through the Siegfried line to the Rhine River, crossing the Inde river into Cologne. Throughout his command of the division, Allen continued to display his independence and a hearty contempt for 'chickenshit' regulations that interfered with combat readiness, a trait which no longer seemed to infuriate his superior officers. After the 104th Division had secured its new lines, Bradley, now commanding the U.S. 12th Army Group, arrived in Cologne, Germany, to meet with Allen, stating "Terry, I'm pleasantly surprised to see these young Timberwolves of yours already ranked along with the First and the Ninth as the finest assault divisions in the ETO." Allen responded: "Brad, the First and the Ninth are in damned fast company."

The division later assisted in the encirclement of the Ruhr Pocket. Finally, it made a 350-mile sweep to the Mulde River in the heart of Germany as part of the Western Allied invasion of Germany. During the fighting on the Western Front, the 104th Infantry Division displayed its night fighting prowess in several successful operations.

In June 1946, over a year after Victory in Europe Day and the end of World War II in Europe, the 104th Infantry Division returned to the United States where it was deactivated.

Later years
Allen retired from the Army on August 31, 1946. For a number of years he served as a representative for various insurance companies in El Paso and was active in civic affairs and in veteran organizations. In October 1967, Allen's son, Lieutenant Colonel Terry de la Mesa Allen Jr., was killed in the Vietnam War, while commanding the 2nd Battalion, 28th Infantry Regiment, a unit of the 1st Infantry Division, which his father had commanded in World War II.

Allen Sr., died of natural causes on September 12, 1969, in El Paso, Texas, at the age of 81. He was buried, with his son and wife, in the Fort Bliss National Cemetery.

Honors
The United States Military Academy presents the "General Terry de la Mesa Allen Award" to the student with the highest rating in Military Science.

In February 1972, a community center in Fort Bliss was named for him.  Although the building, adjacent to the Fort Bliss and Old Ironsides Museum, no longer functions as a community center, the dedication plaque was refurbished in late 2013 and remains as a tribute to Allen.

Dates of rank

Military awards and recognitions
Among Major General Terry de la Mesa Allen Sr.'s military awards and recognitions are the following:

  Army Distinguished Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster
  Silver Star
  Legion of Merit
  Purple Heart with Oak Leaf Cluster.
  Mexican Border Service Medal
  World War I Victory Medal
  Army of Occupation of Germany Medal
  American Defense Service Medal
  American Campaign Medal
  European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with six campaign stars
  World War II Victory Medal
  Army of Occupation Medal
  Honorary Companion of the Order of the Bath - United Kingdom
  Legion of Honor - France
  French Croix de Guerre with Palm medals - France
  St. Mihiel Medal- France
  Order of Suvorov  Class II (Gold) - USSR


Lawrence Lever

Lawrence Lever is a journalist and entrepreneur, best known for his work investigating The Barlow Clowes Affair.

Education
Lawrence Lever was educated at Manchester Grammar School, and went on to study Law at Brasenose College in Oxford University. After earning his degree, he decided not to pursue law, but instead chose a career in journalism.

Career
Lever joined The Times in 1985 although he originally began his career as a trained and qualified solicitor. In the 1990s he changed his career towards journalism.

Lever was notable for his work in the publication of an investigative journalism piece about Barlow Clowes. He gained his knowledge and research whilst working as the assistant editor of The Times, later gaining a position as an editor  of the Mail On Sunday. He helped to shed light to the crimes committed by Clowes in the City of London, as well as providing an insight into the childhood life of Clowes and his rise. His discoveries and research were collected into a single book, The Barlow Clowes Affair.

Lever went on to leave the newspaper publishing business to start up Citywire with Richard Lander and David Turner in 1999, dedicated to providing consumer and professional financial information. With experience in financial editing, Lever oversaw the creation of Citywire's first industry magazine.


Mukur, Kyrgyzstan

Mukur is a village in Jalal-Abad Region of Kyrgyzstan. Its population was 1,702 in 2009.


Stop Breaking My Heart

"Stop Breaking My Heart" is a song by American R&B/soul singer Rahsaan Patterson, released in 2007. The song is the lead single in support of his album, Wines & Spirits.The song peaked at No.59 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

Track listing
US digital single

Charts


Sæhrímnir

In Norse mythology, Sæhrímnir is the creature killed and eaten every night by the Æsir and einherjar. The cook of the gods, Andhrímnir, is responsible for the slaughter of Sæhrímnir and its preparation in the cauldron Eldhrímnir. After Sæhrímnir is eaten, the beast is brought back to life again to provide sustenance for the following day. Sæhrímnir is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional material, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson.

The enthroned figure of High quotes this stanza in the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning and specifically states that Sæhrímnir is a boar. However, some scholars have translated the Poetic Edda attestation, which the Prose Edda attestation quotes, as not referring to the creature as any specific type. Those scholars who recognize a difference in the taxonomy of the creature between the two sources have commented on the matter, further issues have been raised about the apparently contradictory etymology of the name of the creature in relation to its apparent status as a boar, and some scholars have theorized that the ritual killing of the animal may ultimately stem from religious practices in Germanic paganism.

Etymology
The etymology of the Old Norse name Sæhrímnir is problematic; in contradiction to the Gylfaginning (and, depending upon translator, Grímnismál) description of the animal as a boar, Sæhrímnir is, in modern scholarship, commonly proposed to mean "sooty sea-beast" or "sooty sea-animal" (which may be connected to Old Norse seyðir, meaning 'cooking ditch'). Attempts at explaining the apparent contradiction have been made by scholars (see theories section below).

Attestations
Sæhrímnir is mentioned once in the Poetic Edda and twice in the Prose Edda. In the Poetic Edda poem Grímnismál, Grímnir (the god Odin in disguise) comments on the creature. Translations of the stanza vary:

In chapter 38 of the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning, Gangleri (king Gylfi in disguise) comments that "you say that all those men that have fallen in battle since the beginning of the world have now come to Odin in Val-hall. What has he got to offer them food? I should have thought that there must be a pretty large number there." High replies that it is true there are a pretty large number of men there, adding many more have yet to arrive, yet that "there will seem too few when the wolf comes." However, High adds that food is not a problem because there will never be so many people in Valhalla that the meat of Sæhrímnir (which he specifically calls a boar) cannot sufficiently feed them. High adds that Sæhrímnir is cooked every day by the cook Andhrímnir in the pot Eldhrimnir, and is again whole every evening. High then quotes the above-mentioned Grímnismál stanza in support. Gangleri then asks if Odin eats the same, to which High responds that Odin gives the food on his table to his wolves, for Odin himself consumes only wine and needs no food (and again High thereafter quotes a stanza from Grímnismál in support).

A final mention of the beast appears in a list of hog names in the Nafnaþulur section of the Prose Edda book Skáldskaparmál.

Theories
Scholar Rudolf Simek comments that the theme of the eternally renewing beast is also found in myths of the god Thor's goats (Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr) and may point to sacrificial rites in shamanic practices. Simek finds a difference between the Grímnismál and Gylfaginning and explains it as a result of an embellishment on Snorri's part, which he says owes more to the introduction of "characteristics of a medieval paradise".

19th century scholar Jacob Grimm says that no information has survived about the worship of heroes in Germanic paganism (as opposed to the worship of the gods) but proposes a potential connection between Sæhrímnir and hero worship:
Grecian sacrifices to heroes differed from those offered to gods: a god had only the viscera and fat of the beast presented to him, and was content with the mounting odour; a deified hero must have the very flesh and blood to consume. Thus the einherjar admitted into Valhöll feast on the boiled flesh of the boar Sæhrîmnir, and drink with the Ases; it is never said that the Ases shared in the food [...]. Are we to infer from this a difference in the sacrifices offered to gods and to demigods?"


Dennis Morgan (American football)

Dennis Morgan (June 26, 1952 – October 25, 2015) was an American football running back in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys and the Philadelphia Eagles. He played college football at Western Illinois University.

Early years
Morgan, grew up in White Plains, New York and attended White Plains Senior High School. He was a part of the 1969 undefeated football team.

He also lettered in track and baseball. He set the high school national record for the indoor 40-yard dash at 4.3 seconds.

College career
Morgan attended Bradley University, where he was named the starter at running back as a freshman. The next year, he transferred to Western Illinois University after Bradley dropped its football program. He played running back and returned kickoffs for three seasons for Western Illinois.

As a junior, he averaged more than 30 yards per kickoff return. As a senior, he averaged almost 20 yards per punt return. He finished his college career with 1,254 rushing yards and a 4.7-yard average per carry. He received honorable-mention NAIA All-American honors in 1972.

Professional career

Dallas Cowboys
Morgan was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the tenth round (255th overall) of the 1974 NFL Draft. Known as "Strawberry" due to his red hair, he started off playing on special teams.

As a rookie, he tied the longest punt return in NFL history with a 98-yard touchdown (also a franchise record) against the St. Louis Cardinals. That season, he finished third in the NFL in punt return average with 15.1 yards and led the team in both punt return yards (287) and kickoff return yards (823).

Morgan was waived on August 4, 1975.

Philadelphia Eagles
On August 6, 1975, Morgan was claimed off waivers by the Philadelphia Eagles. He played in four games, registering 170 yards (24.3 average) on kickoff returns and 60 yards (7.5 average) on punt returns. He was released on October 17.

Personal life
Morgan served in the United States Army after football. He died on October 25, 2015, after suffering a heart attack while attending the New York Giants vs. Dallas Cowboys game at MetLife Stadium.


Kura (storehouse)

are traditional Japanese storehouses. They are commonly durable buildings built from timber, stone or clay used to safely store valuable commodities.

Kura in rural communities are normally of simpler construction and used for storing grain or rice. Those in towns are more elaborate, with a structural timber frame covered in a fireproof, clay outer coating. Early religious kura were built in a "log cabin" style, whilst those used later to store gunpowder were constructed from stone.

Earthen kura, dozō  have evolved a particular set of construction techniques in order to make them relatively fireproof.

History

The kura storehouse was specifically used to store precious items. Other sorts of storehouses such as outbuildings (naya) and sheds (koya) were used to store more mundane items. The first kura appear during the Yayoi period (300 BC – 300 AD) and they evolved into takakura (literally tall storehouse) that were built on columns raised from the ground and reached via a ladder from underneath. They were especially prevalent on the Ryukyu Islands and Amami Ōshima. During the Nara period (710–794), the government taxed the country in rice, and kura were frequently used to store it. After the introduction of Buddhism to Japan, kura were often used to religious items, such as sutra.

In a domestic situation, traditional Japanese houses had limited storage space. Frequently the sliding fusuma used to divide up rooms were used for the same purpose to create storage space, otherwise there was limited storage under the kitchen and sometimes an attic space was formed in the roof. Although a few important possessions may have been displayed, available storage was frequently taken up by things like futons that were folded away each morning. In addition, many families possessed a wide array of accoutrements required for Japan's cultural festivals and these needed to be stored somewhere safe when not in use. The traditional houses were built of timber and prone to destruction by fire, so a more durable solution was required to store precious items.

Earthen kura often became a status symbol, with the greater number of kura indicating the greater wealth of the owner. This led some merchants to build three storey kura. Due to Kitakata's historic prominence of being the nation's "city of kura" and storeplace of preservable goods, it has been said by locals that "one who doesn't own a kura by the time they are 40 is not yet a man".

Types

Log cabin kura

 have descended in style from the Yayoi period when triangular section logs were used for building. Historic examples have been preserved within the compounds of Buddhist temples and Shintō shrines. The most famous examples are the Shōsōin at Tōdai-ji in Nara, and storehouses at the Tōshōdai-ji in Nara and the Itsukushima Shrine in Hiroshima. These kura have all been dedicated to storing religious and cultural treasures.

The timbers used in these kura were thicker than other types of wooden storehouses so they were generally more durable, however, they were vulnerable to fire and relied upon separation from adjoining buildings to provide the best fire protection. As such they were unsuitable for urban situations. Roofs were either thatched or covered in cypress bark.

When the Buddhists arrived in Japan they brought the knowledge of using plaster walls with them. However the azekura style continued to be used because it denoted the wealth of the patron. The owner had to firstly have enough possessions to merit building one, the timber used was expensive and they had to own enough land to suitably situate them from other buildings. Eventually this raised log structure gained a religious significance, and the style of domestic kura moved elsewhere.

Board-wall kura

Board-wall kura were traditionally built in farming communities. Like the azekura above they were vulnerable to fire and were built some distance from other farm buildings. Examples can still be found in the village of Shirakawa in Gifu.

They are constructed from a grid of heavy timbers laid to form a foundation, with posts and braces forming bracing for the walls. The interior walls are lined with heavy boards fixed on the inner side. In the case of the kura in Shirakawa, the roofs are thatched in a similar manner to gasshō-zukuri. Traditionally grain was stored on the ground floor with household items stored on the upper floor.

Stone kura

There are two types of stone kura (). The first has structural stone walls and a roof made up by piling up stone blocks; the second is a wooden structure around which stone is placed for fire protection.

The former were primarily built in the Edo period and used for storing firearms and ammunition, such as the one in Osaka Castle which has walls 1.9m thick.

Remains of houses on the island of Dejima in Nagasaki that were built by Dutch traders in the Edo Period were built using the latter method, with wooden structure faced with stone.

Kura in the vicinity of the Ōya quarry near Utsunomiya, Tochigi had roofs made from Ōya stone. This is an inexpensive tufa that is soft and easily carved but is also waterproof. It was later used by Frank Lloyd Wright on the Imperial Hotel, Tokyo. Nikkō stone obtained from the same quarry as Ōya stone has a finer grain and was often used for ornamentation on the exterior of kura.

Earthen kura

Earthen  kura are a common sight in Japan, and the basic form is normally seen with only minor variations. The basic wood-framed, plaster-walled, tiled-roof design maintains a stable temperature and humidity throughout the year. Personal belongings kept in this type of kura tended to be kept in beautifully crafted wooden chests called tansu that would be located on a raised floor or balcony within.

Although they became more popular in the Edo period (1603–1868), references to them are found in the Heian period (794–1185) where statutes were written to govern the distances between kura in towns in order to prevent the spread of fire.

Construction of the earthen kura

Most traditional earthen kura have a wooden frame base onto which bamboo lathing and palm fibre was affixed. The internal walls were covered with layers of clay and finished with a plaster top coat. The outer walls covered the structural timbers and were more crucial for fireproofing. These were commonly covered first in bamboo lath followed by several applications of clay applied in a complex and laborious process. There were sometimes as many as 24 layers applied.

Although the application of the clay helps to make the kura fireproof, it is prone to damage both from physical sources and from rain. Some kura used tiles at the base of the external wall. These were laid either horizontally or diagonally and were fixed with plaster dabs. The joints were thick and protruding, with a rounded top, and because they reminded people of namako (sea cucumber) they became known as namako walls. Tiles were also sometimes used in horizontal courses set at an angle to the wall (especially over window openings). These were called mizukiri (meaning water cutters) and were used to throw water off the facade to increase the durability of the wall.

The protective fireproofing continues on the top of the kura by forming an inner roof covered in the same way as the walls. The timbers for the outer roof then sit on a fireproof box. The outer roof was used to protect the clay finish from rain. In rural areas this outer roof was often constructed of thatch which would burn off in the event of a fire. However, due to their relatively short lifespan and complexity in replacing, thatch roofs are becoming a rarity.  In towns the roofs were usually tiled. To prevent fire from destroying the roof timbers supporting the outer roof, the eaves were sometimes thickened up with the plaster coating and extended to the underside of the tiles.

Earthen kura usually have double door entrances consisting of a thick plaster outer and thin inner door leaf. The outer perimeter of each door leaf has a series of steps that correspond with similar ones on the frame. These steps are called jabara and they make it more difficult for fire to enter the kura when they are closed. The inner door was often a sliding door made of wood and covered with painted plaster on the outside.

Windows were often situated high up in the kura and were frequently left open to provide ventilation, although there were often iron bar grilles to prevent theft. Windows were often formed in a similar way as doors with a stepped perimeter. When a fire broke out both the doors and the windows were closed and their edges were covered over in plaster.

In some cases the kura were raised off the ground to prevent vermin and insects from entering. This raised position also helped cool the interior.

Regional variations

In Takayama, Gifu  there are three storey kura for storing floats for the Takayama Festival.

Kura in Kurashiki, Okayama, normally have tiles on the lower part of the external wall laid horizontally rather than diagonally.


Area code 831

Area code 831 is a California telephone area code that was split from area code 408 on July 11, 1998.

It covers Monterey County, San Benito County, and Santa Cruz County.

Regions include Big Sur, Monterey Bay, the Salinas Valley, and the southwestern Santa Cruz Mountains.

Places in the 831 area code
Major cities within Area code 831 include: Salinas, Hollister, Monterey, Santa Cruz and the northern Central Coast.

Monterey County

 Aromas
 Boronda
 Carmel Highlands
 Carmel Valley Village
 Carmel-by-the-Sea
 Castroville
 Chualar
 Del Monte Forest
 Del Rey Oaks
 Elkhorn
 Gonzales
 Gorda
 Greenfield
 Jolon
 King City
 Las Lomas
 Lockwood
 Lucia
 Marina
 Monterey
 Moss Landing
 Pacific Grove
 Pajaro
 Pebble Beach
 Prunedale
 Salinas
 San Ardo
 San Lucas
 Sand City
 Seaside
 Soledad
 Spreckels

San Benito County

 Aromas
 Hollister
 New Idria
 Paicines
 Panoche
 Ridgemark
 San Juan Bautista
 Tres Pinos

Santa Cruz County

 Amesti
 Aptos Hills-Larkin Valley
 Aptos
 Ben Lomond
 Bonny Doon
 Boulder Creek
 Brookdale
 Capitola
 Corralitos
 Davenport
 Day Valley
 Felton
 Freedom
 Interlaken
 Live Oak
 Lompico
 Mount Hermon
 Opal Cliffs
 Pasatiempo
 Rio del Mar
 Santa Cruz
 Scotts Valley
 Soquel
 Summit
 Swanton
 Twin Lakes
 Watsonville


The Limits of Control

The Limits of Control is a 2009 American film written and directed by Jim Jarmusch, starring Isaach de Bankolé as a solitary assassin, carrying out a job in Spain. Filming began in February 2008, and took place on location in Madrid, Seville and Almería, Spain. The film was distributed by Focus Features. It received mixed reviews, and as of December 12, 2012, has a 43% rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, having been criticized for its slow pace and inaccessible dialogue while praising its beautiful cinematography and its ambitious scope.

Plot

In an airport, Lone Man (Isaach de Bankolé) is being instructed on his mission by Creole (Alex Descas). The mission itself is left unstated and the instructions are cryptic, including such phrases as "Everything is subjective," "The universe has no center and no edges; reality is arbitrary," and "Use your imagination and your skills." After the meeting in the airport he travels to Madrid and then on to Seville, meeting several people in cafés and on trains along the way.

Each meeting has the same pattern: he orders two espressos at a cafe and waits, his contact arrives and in Spanish asks, "You don't speak Spanish, right?" in different ways, to which he responds, "No." The contacts tell him about their individual interests such as molecules, art, or film, then the two of them exchange matchboxes. A code written on a small piece of paper is inside each matchbox, which Lone Man reads and then eats. These coded messages lead him to his next rendezvous.

He repeatedly encounters a woman (Paz de la Huerta) who is always either completely nude or wearing only a transparent raincoat. She invites him to have sex with her but he declines, stating that he never has sex while he is working. One phrase that Creole, the man in the airport tells him is repeated throughout the movie: "He who thinks he is bigger than the rest must go to the cemetery. There he will see what life really is: a handful of dirt." This phrase is sung in a flamenco song in a club in Seville at one point in his journey.

In Almería, he is given a ride in a pickup truck - driven by a companion of the Mexican (Gael García Bernal) - on which the words La vida no vale nada ('life is worth nothing') are painted, a phrase Guitar (John Hurt) says to him in Seville, and he is taken to Tabernas desert. There lies a fortified and heavily guarded compound. After observing the compound from afar, he somehow penetrates its defenses and waits for his target inside the target's office. The target (Bill Murray) asks how he got in, and he answers, "I used my imagination." After the murder with a guitar string, he rides back to Madrid, where he locks away the suit he has worn throughout the movie and changes into a sweatsuit bearing the national flag of Cameroon. Before exiting the train station onto a crowded sidewalk he throws away his last matchbox.

Cast
 Isaach de Bankolé as Lone Man
 Bill Murray as American
 Tilda Swinton as Blonde
 Gael García Bernal as Mexican
 Hiam Abbass as Driver
 Paz de la Huerta as Nude
 Alex Descas as Creole
 John Hurt as Guitar
 Youki Kudoh as Molecules
 Jean-François Stévenin as French
 Óscar Jaenada as The Waiter
 Luis Tosar as Violin

Soundtrack


Marin (wind)

The Marin is a warm, moist wind in the Gulf of Lion of France, blowing from the southeast or south-southeast onto the coast of Languedoc and Roussillon. It brings rain to this region which it has picked up crossing the Mediterranean, and also can bring coastal fog.  The clouds carried by the Marin frequently cause rain on the slopes of the mountains in the  interior, the Corbières, Montagne Noire, and the Cévennes.  The wind is usually dried by the föhn effect when it crosses the mountains and descends on the other side. The Marin wind contributes to the creation of another regional wind, the autan. The Marin blows gently from the offshore coast of the Mediterranean towards the Cévennes and the Montagne Noire.  When this occurs it creates fine weather for swimming in the gulf, but when the wind is strong it creates heavy swells which strike the coast with high breaking waves.

The Marin is next in frequency and importance to the mistral, the cold, dry northwest wind in Provence.  It is caused by low-pressure systems which enter the Gulf of Lion from the west or southwest after traversing southern France and northern Spain.


Homerville, Georgia

Homerville is a city in Clinch County, Georgia, United States. The population was 2,456 at the 2010 census, a decrease of 12.38% from its population of 2,803 in 2000. The city is the county seat of Clinch County. Homerville was incorporated February 15, 1869.

History

Clinch County was created on February 14, 1850, by an act of the Georgia General Assembly, and was named for General Duncan Lamont Clinch, a decorated United States brigadier general and Georgia congressman who had recently died. Clinch, Georgia's 95th county, was formed from land originally inhabited by the Oconee people and consolidated portions of Ware County and Lowndes County. The act creating the county named Elijah Mattox, Simon W. Nichol, Timothy Kirkland, Benjamin Sirmans, and John J. Johnson as commissioners charged with selecting a county seat and constructing a courthouse.

The designated commissioners quickly settled on a site just southwest of the present-day Homerville, and in memory of President James K. Polk decided to name the county seat "Polk". Two years later, however, the Georgia General Assembly inexplicably changed the name of the county seat to "Magnolia", just as the county's first courthouse was completed. The first courthouse was quite small and was destroyed in 1856 when a citizen, presumably dissatisfied with legal proceedings brought against him, decided to destroy the courthouse by fire.

In February 1853, Dr. John Homer Mattox and his family moved from their former home on the Suwannee River and settled on a tract of land adjacent to the Magnolia stage route. In recognition of his family name, he called the settlement Homersville. Shortly thereafter the Atlantic and Gulf Railroad expansion replaced the stage route, and Mattox's settlement was simply known as "Station No.11".

Over time the settlement grew, and in 1860 approximately 275 citizens of Clinch County petitioned the Georgia General Assembly to move the county seat from the nearby Magnolia to Mattox's settlement. Later the same year, the legislature relented and officially named Station No. 11 the county seat of Clinch County. By 1863, the town of Homersville was known as Forest. It would take approximately nine more years for the legislature to officially recognize the name Homerville and incorporate the city; however, Homerville shows up as the name of the county seat in newspapers by March 1864.

Dr. John Homer Mattox's original dwelling is now the home of the Clinch County Chamber of Commerce and Welcome Center. The home recently underwent an extensive restoration that not only restored many of the rooms to their former glory but also added modern plumbing and central heat and air for the convenience of visitors. The structure now holds the administrative offices of the chamber and a museum dedicated to the early days of Clinch County.
Homerville is also the childhood home of actor Chris Wright, known for his parts in El Coyote, #Haters make me Famous and The Bellmen.

Geography
Homerville is located in north-central Clinch County at  (31.036832, -82.751302). U.S. Routes 84 and 441 cross in the center of town. US 84 leads east  to Waycross and west  to Valdosta, while US 441 leads north  to Douglas, Georgia, and south  to Lake City, Florida.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which , or 0.50%, is water. Wooded areas and swampy marshes surround the city.

Climate

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,803 people, 1,045 households, and 671 families residing in the city.  The population density was 1,270.4 people per square mile (489.7/km²).  There were 1,192 housing units at an average density of 540.2 per square mile (208.3/km²).  The racial makeup of the city was 58.62% White, 40.03% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.04% from other races, and 1.07% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of the population.

There were 1,045 households out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.1% were married couples living together, 20.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.7% were non-families. 31.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city, the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.0% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.3% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.8 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $17,500, and the median income for a family was $26,058. Males had a median income of $23,788 versus $18,833 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,176.  About 32.1% of families and 33.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.3% of those under age 18 and 30.9% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Clinch County School District
The Clinch County School District holds pre-school to grade twelve, and consists of a headstart, elementary/middle school, and a high school.

The district has 96 full-time teachers and over 1,499 students.
Clinch County Elementary School
Clinch County Middle School
Clinch County High School


P. Dillibabu

P. Dillibabu (born 12 February 1965) is an Indian politician and was a member of the 14th Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from the Harur constituency, which is reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes. He represented the Communist Party of India (Marxist) party. Previously he represented the same constituency as a Communist Party of India (Marxist) member in the 2006 elections.

The elections of 2016 resulted in the Harur constituency being won by R. Murugan. A deal between the CPI(M) and the Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi resulted in Dillibabu swapping that constituency for the Thiru. Vi. Ka. Nagar constituency, which was won by P. Sivakumar.

Dillibabu was born in Poorivakkam on 12 February 1965. He has a BA degree and is married with two children. He has been a State Committee Member of the Tamil Nadu Farmers Association and State Vice-President of the Tamil Nadu Malaivazh Makkal Association.


The Dynasty (professional wrestling)

The Dynasty is a professional wrestling stable in Major League Wrestling (MLW), which consists of Alexander Hammerstone, Richard Holliday, Gino Medina and formerly Maxwell Jacob Friedman and Aria Blake. Hammerstone is the inaugural and current National Openweight Champion in his first reign while MJF and Holliday are former World Tag Team Champions.

The group was formed at MLW's television taping on February 2, 2019, when Holliday attacked Hart Foundation member Teddy Hart after MJF lost a match to Hart. The duo of MJF and Holliday embarked on a lengthy feud with the Hart Foundation, during which Hammerstone joined the group and the trio gained championship success during the feud as Hammerstone was crowned the inaugural National Openweight Champion by defeating Brian Pillman Jr., while MJF and Holliday defeated Hart Foundation to win the World Tag Team Championship. Gino Medina joined the group on the December 5 television taping.

History

MJF was scheduled to defend the World Middleweight Championship in a five-way ladder match on the first-ever live episode of Fusion on December 14, 2018, but an elbow injury forced him to vacate the title. Hart Foundation member Teddy Hart would go on to win the vacant title. MJF's recovery time was expected to be four to six weeks. He returned to MLW in early 2019 and challenged Hart for the title on the February 16 episode of Fusion, which Hart retained. However, after the match, Richard Holliday joined MJF in attacking Hart during a post-match interview. Consequently, MJF and Holliday formed a team called "The Dynasty", which was first mentioned in an article on MLW.com on February 18. Dynasty began feuding with the Hart Foundation, which led to them challenging Hart and Davey Boy Smith Jr. to a match for the World Tag Team Championship on the March 16 episode of Fusion. MLW newcomer Alexander Hammerstone interfered in the match by attacking Hart and Smith, which led to a disqualification loss for Dynasty and therefore Hammerstone joined the Dynasty, making it a trio. On the April 27 episode of Fusion, Dynasty defeated Hart Foundation in a six-man tables match to hand Hart Foundation, their first loss as a team in MLW.

Dynasty continued its success against the Hart Foundation as Hammerstone defeated Brian Pillman Jr. in the finals of a tournament to become the inaugural National Openweight Champion at Fury Road. Hammerstone issued an open Star Sprangled Hammer Challenge for his title at Kings of Colosseum, which Kotto Brazil answered and Hammerstone retained the title. Immediately after the match, MJF and Holliday challenged Hart Foundation to a match for the World Tag Team Championship. On the July 13 episode of Fusion,  MJF and Holliday defeated Pillman and Hart in a ladder match to capture the World Tag Team Championship. On the September 21 episode of Fusion, Dynasty retained the World Tag Team Championship against Hart and Smith in a two out of three falls match after Austin Aries interfered by attacking Hart, thus ending the feud between the two trios.

On the October 12 episode of Fusion, Hammerstone defended the National Openweight Championship against the Crash Heavyweight Champion Rey Horus in a winner takes all match, with Horus' title also on the line. Hammerstone retained the title by getting disqualified after MJF and Holliday attacked Horus and prevented him from beating Hammerstone. Later that night, Dynasty successfully defended the World Tag Team Championship against the Los Parks (LA Park and El Hijo de LA Park) in the main event. At MLW's first-ever pay-per-view event Saturday Night SuperFight, Hammerstone retained the National Openweight Championship against Hart Foundation member Davey Boy Smith Jr. while MJF and Holliday lost the World Tag Team Championship to The Von Erichs (Ross and Marshall) in a Texas Tornado match.

On November 14, it was announced that Dynasty members MJF and Alexander Hammerstone would compete against each other in the opening round of the Opera Cup tournament despite protests by Richard Holliday. The duo met in the opening round on December 5, where Hammerstone defeated MJF to advance to the semi-final, where he lost to the eventual winner Davey Boy Smith Jr. Holliday also entered the tournament, losing to Timothy Thatcher in the opening round. During the same set of tapings, Gino Medina joined Dynasty by attacking Konnan while Konnan, Salina de la Renta and Dynasty all tried to recruit him. Dynasty would then help Medina defeat Savio Vega in a New York City Street Fight.

Championships and accomplishments
Major League Wrestling
MLW National Openweight Championship (1 time, current) – Hammerstone
MLW World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – MJF and Holliday
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked MJF No. 135 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2019
Ranked Alexander Hammerstone No. 376 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2019
Ranked Gino Medina No. 486 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2019


Fantozzi contro tutti

Fantozzi contro tutti (Fantozzi against everyone) is a 1980 Italian comedy film is the third film in the saga of the unlucky clerk Ugo Fantozzi, played by its creator, Paolo Villaggio.

It is the first movie in which Fantozzi's wife, Pina, is played by Milena Vukotic. It also marks the final film appearance of actor Giuseppe Anatrelli, who died the following year.

Plot
Italy enters the 1980s: a decade of progress, innovation and tolerance, but not for most of the country and especially for the company where Ugo Fantozzi works, where he still endures oppression and injustice on the part of its directors.

Mountain trip
Fantozzi's colleague Filini arranges for the entire office to go on a mountain trip to South Tyrol. Once in the mountain town of St. Ulrich, they realize there are no ski runs available, having they arrived in May. To keep a promise made to his wife, Fantozzi checks into a weight loss clinic run by Prof. Birkermaier, a sadistic German nutritionist whose inhumane methods include fasting and corporal punishment. Birkermaier has Fantozzi watch him have dinner, but Fantozzi eventually gives in to Birkermaier's teasing and stuffs himself with the food on the table, uncaring of the punishment that awaits him.

Pina's love triangle
Fantozzi's wife Pina reveals to her husband that she has fallen in love with a mysterious other man. After investigating the house and tailing Pina, Fantozzi finds out her secret lover is a Southern young man working at the local bakery. Fantozzi confronts the young baker, who jokingly admits he had been teasing Pina for his own amusement, having no interest in her and being in fact disgusted by her sheer ugliness. Fantozzi returns home to find that Pina has decided to stay with him, having eavesdropped on the conversation between him and the baker.

Bicycle race
Back at work, the 106-year-old Heir Director dies from rubella, much to the joy of all employees. At the director's funeral, his successor is announced to be the fearsome Viscount Cobram, a cycling enthusiast who compels all the employees to take lengthy bike rides each day. Cobram organizes a long-distance bicycle race for the entire staff to compete in. Due to the extremely unfavorable conditions of the track and the employees' general clumsiness and poor physical shape, most of the contenders do not make it to the finish line. However Fantozzi, who is doped on a mysterious drug, manages to win the race but inadvertedly throws himself into a hearse that had been prepared for the event.

On a cruise
Then Fantozzi and Filini are invited by another than they take a trip on his luxury yacht. However, the two accountants do not know that the man is very bad and use them as hubs and serve.

The writing in the sky
After an exhausting office meeting, a disgruntled Fantozzi formulates and offensive remark against the Mega-president, but the phrase actually appears in the sky in his own handwriting. All the employees are screened for graphoanalysis until Fantozzi is found to be the author of the slur. The Mega-president himself appears in archangel attire and forgives Fantozzi, but not before humiliating him by having the name on the writing replaced with Fantozzi's for everyone to see.

External links


The Hard Copy Observer

The Hard Copy Observer is a regular publication of Lyra Research based in Newtonville, Massachusetts. It is a business (as opposed to consumer) publication targeted at the Printing and Imaging business, and is widely considered the premier authoritative factual source for that industry. Tekrati, a firm in the Analyst Relations business, summarizes The Hard Copy Observer as "a leading publication serving the industry and, in fact, the printer industry bible."

History and profile
Volume 1, Number 1 of "the Observer" was published in October 1991. Its founder as well as original editor and publisher is Charles LeCompte, who remains as publisher (2010). The success of the publication spawned what grew to be a much larger marketing research organization, Lyra Research, headquartered in Newton, Massachusetts. A companion monthly newsletter, The Hard Copy Supplies Journal, was also developed to focus on the consumables portion of the business.

The first edition was 28 pages in length, and featured front-page stories about Xerox, Apple Computer, and Dataproducts. Its "look" was the no-nonsense black-and-white format that for the most part has remained unchanged. Today's subscription rate is $650 a year, compared to 1991's $495 a year, though the average edition's length, in its print form, grew to over 50 pages. Then as now, the publication is subscriber-supported with virtually no advertising.

The print version of the publication ended with the August 2009 issue, and beginning in September 2009, the newsletter content was continuously updated and available via web access.

In April 2012, the Photizo Group acquired Lyra Research, and the online Observer was phased out as it was merged with Photizo's industry news resources.


Canadian Party

The Canadian Party was a group founded by John Christian Schultz in 1869, in the Red River Colony (which later became the Canadian province of Manitoba). It was not a political party in the modern sense but was rather a forum for local ultra-Protestant agitators.

The Canadian Party promoted the annexation of the Red River Colony by the Canadian government.  It also encouraged settlement by anglophone protestants  from the province of Ontario.

Schultz's goal was to reconstruct the Red River Colony in the image of Protestant Ontario. To this end, his followers were engaged in extensive land speculation in the region. They were regarded with suspicion by most of the established settlers, and particularly by the local Métis population led by Louis Riel.

Members of the Canadian Party engaged in military skirmishes with Riel's provisional government during the Red River Rebellion of  1869-70. After fleeing to Ontario, Schultz, assisted by supporters of the Canada First movement, was instrumental in exploiting the execution of Thomas Scott to inflame Protestant opinion in Ontario against Riel.

Following the Manitoba Act of 1870, the Canadian government "pacified" the Red River Colony through the use of Canadian militia soldiers in mid-1870.  The Canadian Party, however, was not accepted into the new governing structure of the age.  The federal government of John A. Macdonald favoured a policy of conciliation among the province's ethnic, linguistic and religious groups, and Lieutenant-Governor Adams George Archibald kept Schultz's followers out of his first cabinet.

In Manitoba's first general election (December 30, 1870), Schultz's followers were the only real opposition to the governing alliance. They won only five seats, one of which was overturned on appeal. Schultz was personally defeated in Winnipeg and St. John.

The Canadian Party continued to exist as a loose alliance after the election. At one stage, Lt. Governor Archibald warned Macdonald that its members were plotting the "extermination" of the Métis.

The party did not long survive as a coherent organization, but Edward Hay appears to have turned against Schultz in 1872, and later joined the government of francophone Premier Marc-Amable Girard. Some members of the Canadian Party would later resurface as Liberals, others as Conservatives.


Sketches of Rome

Sketches of Rome is Apollon Maykov's second book of poetry, published in 1847.

History
In the late 1842 Maykov went for Western Europe and spent two years abroad, mostly in Rome. The result of this visit was the collection of poems published as a separate edition in 1847. Sketches of Rome, according to the modern biographer E.Mayorova, were highly important for Maykov's development as it demonstrated the enriched linguistic palette and opened for him some new artistic possibilities.

The idea of Sketches of Rome has been to some extent prompted by Nikolai Gogol's novelet Rome, publushed by Moskvityanin in 1842, which rather upset Belinsky with its 'slavophiliac' tendency "to look awry at Paris and myopically at Rome," as he put it.

In Sketches of Rome Maykov created the gallery of citizens of the ancient city, each expressing one feature of the national character or another, much in the tradition of Russian "natural school" movement. The modern Rome here comes across as a healthy alternative to the 'capitalist' Paris, torn by conflicts and scandals. Like the young Prince in Gogol's novel, Maykov's character sympathizes with the classical Rome, its pictures of nature as well as the people reminding him the images from poems of Hellas. The better half of this second book amounts to (according to the biographer Fyodor Pryima) the ruminations over the ruins of Rome ("Games", "Ancient Rome", "Upon Visiting the Vatican Museum", "Campagna di Roma" and others).

One poem of the book, "Palazzo", mentioning 'stolen freedom', had problems with censorship. Another vaguely political piece, "Anachoret" (1846), has its hero envisaging the times when "the poor will tear off their shackles" and "some evil crook won't be honoured like he was God", but returning after 20 years spent in the desert finds the world not changed for the better.

Criticism
The biographer Fyodor Pryima, writing of the author's second collection, opined: "When trying to portray modern life Maykov lacks dynamics and expressiveness...  His "Girls from Albano by the Fountain" represents a sketch by a painter who sees the life of contemporary Italy as if through the prism of the classic art. The author not only doesn't try to conceal the fact that his impressions are secondary, he emphasizes this by introducing to the picture first the German artist who actually paints these girls, and then himself, a Russian poet dreaming of making a verbal sketch of the same." In many instances, according to Priyma, Maykov's view is static and often self-effacing.