Euler–Mascheroni constant

The Euler–Mascheroni constant (also called Euler's constant) is a mathematical constant recurring in analysis and number theory, usually denoted by the lowercase Greek letter gamma ().

It is defined as the limiting difference between the harmonic series and the natural logarithm:

Here,  represents the floor function.

The numerical value of the Euler–Mascheroni constant, to 50 decimal places, is:

History
The constant first appeared in a 1734 paper by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, titled De Progressionibus harmonicis observationes (Eneström Index 43). Euler used the notations  and  for the constant. In 1790, Italian mathematician Lorenzo Mascheroni used the notations  and  for the constant. The notation  appears nowhere in the writings of either Euler or Mascheroni, and was chosen at a later time perhaps because of the constant's connection to the gamma function .  For example, the German mathematician Carl Anton Bretschneider used the notation  in 1835  and Augustus De Morgan used it in a textbook published in parts from 1836 to 1842

Appearances
The Euler–Mascheroni constant appears, among other places, in the following ('*' means that this entry contains an explicit equation):
 Expressions involving the exponential integral*
 The Laplace transform* of the natural logarithm
 The first term of the Laurent series expansion for the Riemann zeta function*, where it is the first of the Stieltjes constants*
 Calculations of the digamma function
 A product formula for the gamma function
 An inequality for Euler's totient function
 The growth rate of the divisor function
 In dimensional regularization of Feynman diagrams in quantum field theory
 The calculation of the Meissel–Mertens constant
 The third of Mertens' theorems*
 Solution of the second kind to Bessel's equation
 In the regularization/renormalization of the harmonic series as a finite value
 The mean of the Gumbel distribution
 The information entropy of the Weibull and Lévy distributions, and, implicitly, of the chi-squared distribution for one or two degrees of freedom.
 The answer to the coupon collector's problem*
 In some formulations of Zipf's law
 A definition of the cosine integral*
 Lower bounds to a prime gap
 An upper bound on Shannon entropy in quantum information theory

Properties
The number  has not been proved algebraic or transcendental. In fact, it is not even known whether  is irrational. Using a continued fraction analysis, Papanikolaou showed in 1997 that if  is rational, its denominator must be greater than 10244663. The ubiquity of  revealed by the large number of equations below makes the irrationality of  a major open question in mathematics. Also see .

Relation to gamma function
 is related to the digamma function , and hence the derivative of the gamma function , when both functions are evaluated at 1. Thus:

This is equal to the limits:

Further limit results are :

A limit related to the beta function (expressed in terms of gamma functions) is

Relation to the zeta function
 can also be expressed as an infinite sum whose terms involve the Riemann zeta function evaluated at positive integers:

Other series related to the zeta function include:

The error term in the last equation is a rapidly decreasing function of . As a result, the formula is well-suited for efficient computation of the constant to high precision.

Other interesting limits equaling the Euler–Mascheroni constant are the antisymmetric limit :

and de la Vallée-Poussin's formula

where  are ceiling brackets.

Closely related to this is the rational zeta series expression. By taking separately the first few terms of the series above, one obtains an estimate for the classical series limit:

where  is the Hurwitz zeta function. The sum in this equation involves the harmonic numbers, . Expanding some of the terms in the Hurwitz zeta function gives:

where

 can also be expressed as follows where  is the Glaisher–Kinkelin constant:

 can also be expressed as follows, which can be proven by expressing the zeta function as a Laurent series:

Integrals
 equals the value of a number of definite integrals:

where  is the fractional harmonic number.

Definite integrals in which  appears include:

One can express  using a special case of Hadjicostas's formula as a double integral  and  with equivalent series:

An interesting comparison by  is the double integral and alternating series

It shows that  may be thought of as an "alternating Euler constant".

The two constants are also related by the pair of series

where  and  are the number of 1s and 0s, respectively, in the base 2 expansion of .

We have also Catalan's 1875 integral (see )

Series expansions
In general,

for any . However, the rate of convergence of this expansion depends significantly on . In particular,  exhibits much more rapid convergence than the conventional expansion  (; ). This is because

while

Even so, there exist other series expansions which converge more rapidly than this; some of these are discussed below.

Euler showed that the following infinite series approaches :

The series for  is equivalent to a series Nielsen found in 1897 (, ):

In 1910, Vacca found the closely related series (, , , , , , )

where  is the logarithm to base 2 and  is the floor function.

In 1926 he found a second series:

From the Malmsten–Kummer expansion for the logarithm of the gamma function  we get:

An important expansion for Euler's constant is due to Fontana and Mascheroni

where  are Gregory coefficients (, , ) This series is the special case  of the expansions

convergent for

A similar series with the Cauchy numbers of the second kind  is (; )

Blagouchine (2018) found an interesting generalisation of the Fontana-Mascheroni series

where  are the Bernoulli polynomials of the second kind, which are defined by the generating function

For any rational  this series contains rational terms only. For example, at , it becomes

see  and . Other series with the same polynomials include these examples:

and

where  is the gamma function .

A series related to the Akiyama-Tanigawa algorithm is

where  are the Gregory coefficients of the second order .

Series of prime numbers:

Asymptotic expansions
 equals the following asymptotic formulas (where  is the th harmonic number):
 (Euler)
 (Negoi)
 (Cesàro)
The third formula is also called the Ramanujan expansion.

Exponential
The constant  is important in number theory. Some authors denote this quantity simply as .  equals the following limit, where  is the th prime number:

This restates the third of Mertens' theorems . The numerical value of  is:
 .

Other infinite products relating to  include:

These products result from the Barnes -function.

In addition,

where the th factor is the th root of

This infinite product, first discovered by Ser in 1926, was rediscovered by Sondow  using hypergeometric functions.

Continued fraction
The continued fraction expansion of  is of the form  , which has no apparent pattern. The continued fraction is known to have at least 475,006 terms, and it has infinitely many terms if and only if  is irrational.

Generalizations

Euler's generalized constants are given by

for , with  as the special case  . This can be further generalized to

for some arbitrary decreasing function . For example,

gives rise to the Stieltjes constants, and

gives

where again the limit

appears.

A two-dimensional limit generalization is the Masser–Gramain constant.

Euler–Lehmer constants are given by summation of inverses of numbers in a common
modulo class :

The basic properties are

and if  then

Published digits
Euler initially calculated the constant's value to 6 decimal places. In 1781, he calculated it to 16 decimal places. Mascheroni attempted to calculate the constant to 32 decimal places, but made errors in the 20th–22nd and 31st-32nd decimal places; starting from the 20th digit, he calculated ...1811209008239 when the correct value is ...0651209008240.

Notes


Daniel Fisher (minister)

Daniel Fisher (1731–1807) was an English dissenting minister.

Fisher was born in Cockermouth, Cumberland in 1731. From 1748 to 1751 he attended Plaisterers' Hall Academy in London, which was a dissenting academy that provided for the training of Congregational ministers in the Calvinist tradition.

In 1752 accepted an invitation to minister to the Independent congregation at Common Close in Warminster, Wiltshire. While in Warminster, he ran a school.

In 1771 he was appointed the resident tutor in classics and mathematics at Homerton College.  Following the death of John Conder in 1781 he was appointed theology tutor, from 1781 to 1803. He was a rigid Calvinist and staunch dissenter. His students included Ezekiel Blomfield.

He died at Hackney on 14 August 1807 after a lingering illness, in which he lost the use of all his faculties. Two funeral sermons were preached on the occasion, one of which, by the Rev. Samuel Palmer, was published under the title of The General Union of Believers (1807). Fisher was buried at Bunhill Fields burial ground.


Rumgong-Kaying (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is one of the 60 assembly constituencies of  Arunachal Pradesh a north east state of India. Khonsa is part of Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency.

Member of Legislative Assembly

 1990: Tamiyo Taga, Indian National Congress
 1995: Dibang Tatak, Indian National Congress
 1999: Tamiyo Taga, Indian National Congress
 2004: Dibang Tatak, Indian National Congress
 2009: Tamiyo Taga, Bharatiya Janata Party
 2014: Tamiyo Taga, Bharatiya Janata Party
 2019:Talem Taboh,  Indian national congress


Transfiguration Church (Cleveland, Ohio)

Transfiguration Church (), was a Catholic parish church in Cleveland, Ohio, in the United States. Part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland, it was located at the southwest corner of the intersection of Broadway Avenue and Fullerton Avenue in a part of the South Broadway neighborhood previously known in Polish as , also referred to today as Slavic Village. The church suffered a severe structure fire in 1990. The parish closed in 1992, and the church was demolished in early 1993.

History

Trinity Baptist
Trinity Baptist Church was organized in March 1873 with Rev. F. Tolhurst as the first pastor. The church dedicated its first building on Fullerton Street (at the intersection with Wood Street) on February 13, 1876.

In February 1892, Trinity Baptist Church purchased two lots on the corner of Broadway Avenue and Fullerton Street for $8,565 ($ in  dollars). Fundraising to erect the new structure took eight years. In 1910, the church hired F.S. Barnum & Co., a local architectural firm, to design the new structure. The church was in the English Gothic architectural style, made of red brick with buff stone trim. The nave was designed as a bowl, with seating in pews for 550 people. The rear wall of the chancel was actually a sliding door. When opened, an additional 500 seats could be added in the social hall behind the chancel. The chancel contained a significant space for both the choir and the organ. The structure had an unfinished basement, and a two-story Sunday School classroom building was attached. The total cost of the building was $20,000 ($ in  dollars). Construction began in July 1900, and the church was dedicated on September 15, 1901. The final cost of the building was $30,000 ($ in  dollars).

A Spiritualist church purchased the old Trinity Baptist structure, which completely renovated the building. It opened as the First Spiritualist Temple (and first Spiritualist church in Cleveland) on October 1, 1905.

Trinity Baptist Church incurred a mortgage of $7,500 ($ in  dollars) to complete its new building. The church paid off the mortgage in April 1906, which included a $2,500 ($ in  dollars) donation from John D. Rockefeller. The congregation raised another $3,000 ($ in  dollars) which it used to install an organ in June 1906.

Establishment of Transfiguration Church
In the late 1930s and the early 1940s, the neighborhood around Trinity Baptist Church began to decline due to rapid industrialization and the construction of several nearby steel mills. Trinity Baptist saw a steady decline in membership, dipping to just 670 members by 1942. The church agreed to merge with Garfield Heights Baptist Church in the nearby suburb of Garfield Heights, Ohio, which had a large, new structure. In April 1943, Trinity Baptist Church sold its building to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland for $35,000 ($ in  dollars).

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Cleveland erected Transfiguration Parish on July 30, 1943. The parish was divided from nearby Immaculate Heart of Mary Church and Shrine Church of St. Stanislaus parishes. Reverend Joseph F. Zabawa was named the pastor of the new congregation, which took up residence in the Trinity Baptist Church building.

Transfiguration Church served Slavic Village's Polish community, with services conducted in Polish. In time, the church was enlarged to seat 950, and a convent was built.

Closure of Transfiguration Church
The continuing job and population losses among blue-collar workers in the area around Slavic Village left 40 percent of the area's housing stock abandoned and demolished. By 1989, housing foreclosure rates in the area reached 35 percent, causing runaway neighborhood decline. Attendance at Transfiguration declined to about 700, which led the diocese to close the church's elementary school in the spring of 1990.

On October 19, 1990, faulty wiring in a dropped ceiling in the basement of the church that broke out at 5:35 AM. The intense fire burned a hole in the roof and destroyed the basement, choir loft, organ, nave, and several stained glass windows. The classroom building was untouched. The chancel was largely spared, allowing the Eucharistic chalice, tabernacle, and many vestments to survive.

Damage to the building was estimated at $500,000 ($ in  dollars). Although both nearby St. Stanislaus and Immaculate Heart of Mary churches provided worship space to the parishioners of Transfiguration Church, attendance at Transfiguration's masses dwindled. Transfiguration later held mass in a classroom in its closed elementary school, but attendance continued to decline and reached only 100 by 1992. The diocese determined that the cost of repairing the church would exceed the insurance payment, no priest could be found to take over at Transfiguration, and the church was running a deficit of $5,000 ($ in  dollars) a month. After consulting with a parish task force, the diocese suppressed the parish on January 1, 1992. Bishop Anthony Pilla announced the closure in October 1992.

The final mass at Transfiguration was held on November 8, 1992. Salvaged items from the church were dispersed to other Catholic churches and organizations, and insurance proceeds and other funds given to nearby diocesan churches.

Priests

Records
The records of this church, and all churches closed after 1975, can be found in the Catholic Diocese of Cleveland Archives. Diocesan policy is to keep all archive records closed.


Gülom

Gülom is the second studio album by Turkish pop, arabesque singer Emrah İpek.  It was released in 1984 and sold 2 million copies.

Track listing
 "Gülom" – 5:38
 "Yürü Kevranlarim" – 3:44
 "Yanmişsin Arkadaş" – 4:36
 "Giden Gidene" – 2:47
 "Acımaz Yaradan Bile" – 4:34
 "Seninde Yüzün Gülmesin" – 5:20
 "Buruk Olur Geceleri Gurbetin" – 2:57
 "Gitti Canimin Canani" – 4:18
 "Düşen Bilir" – 3:16
 "Yara Bende" – 2:17
 "Köşe Başi Beklerim" – 2:51
 "Bize Hizmalı Derler" – 2:28
 "Ağlama Gelin" – 3:41
 "Diyabakir Şad Akar" – 2:59


8th Screen Actors Guild Awards

The 8th Screen Actors Guild Awards, honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2001, took place on March 10, 2002. The ceremony was held at the Shrine Exposition Center in Los Angeles, California and was televised live by TNT.

The nominees were announced on January 29, 2002 by Marisa Tomei and Ted Danson at Los Angeles' Pacific Design Center’s SilverScreen Theatre.

Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.

Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award
 Edward Asner

Film

Television

In Memoriam
Performers and members of the Guild who had died the previous year that were honored in the ceremony's In Memoriam tribute:

 Aaliyah
 Imogene Coca
 Perry Como
 Dagmar
 Rosemary DeCamp
 Troy Donahue
 Gloria Foster
 Arlene Francis
 Kathleen Freeman
 David Graf
 Jane Greer
 Anne Haney
 George Harrison
 Nigel Hawthorne
 Eileen Heckart
 Christopher Hewett
 Peggy Lee
 Jack Lemmon
 Whitman Mayo
 Dorothy McGuire
 Jason Miller
 Carroll O'Connor
 Anthony Quinn
 Avery Schreiber
 Ann Sothern
 Kim Stanley
 Guy Stockwell
 Beatrice Straight
 Edward Winter
 Victor Wong


LL.M. U.S. Regulatory Trade Law

U.S. Regulatory Trade Law is a sub-discipline of international trade law. Its focus is on the U.S. Government's (USG) various agencies' administrative rules, regulations and policies that govern the movement of goods and services into and out of the United States and the movement of licensed U.S. goods throughout the world. Adherence to the regulations is generically referred to as "international trade compliance."

Agencies and Laws Impacting this Discipline

 Bureau of Industry and Security (U.S. Department of Commerce) – Export Administration Regulations (CFR-38) ( 15 CFR 732-774);
 Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (U.S. State Department) – International Traffic in Arms Regulations ((22 CFR 120-130)) Arms Export Control Act( 22 USC 2778);
 U.S. Arms Control Act  (8 USC 1101, 8 USC 1324, 22 USC 2794 and 2779));
 U.S. Customs and Border Protection (U.S. Department of Homeland Security) – (CFR-Title 19);
 Harmonized Tariff Schedule & Schedule B;
 Office of Foreign Asset Control (U.S. Treasury Department) (31 CFR 500-599)
 Foreign Corrupt Practice Act (15 USC 2B);
 ATF & E (U.S. Department of Justice) (27 CFR Part 478) (18 USC Chapter 44) and others.
 Acts of Congress that impact trade and
 U.S. Treaties impacting trade
 NAFTA
 Incoterms
 Foreign Compliance Regimens
 Wassenaar Arrangement

U.S. History
This sub-discipline gained prominence shortly after the terrorist attacks on the U.S. on September 11, 2001 when USG agencies stepped up their effort to protect America's borders and trade from terrorist's attacks and to protect the nation's national security interest. More than 20 USG agencies' rules, regulations and doctrines fall within the discipline.

Objectives of U.S. Regulatory Trade Law as a discipline
Unlike the broader discipline of international trade law, which is concerned with commerce between nations, this discipline's focus is on the sovereign nation regulations impacting the actual movement of goods across the nation's borders.

This legal discipline assembles and codifies the USG's Code of Federal Regulations and major USG agency's rules, regulations and policies that govern all aspects of international trade into meaningful terms for the legal practitioner needing to mitigate the risks associated with conducting international trade in compliance with all U.S. rules and regulations.


3rd: Love Escalation!

is the third album from the Japanese girl idol group Cute. It was released in regular and limited editions on March 12, 2008 on the Zetima Records label. The regular has catalogue number EPCE-5547 and the limited edition, which includes a bonus DVD, has catalogue number EPCE-5545~46.

The album debuted at number 10 in the Oricon Weekly Albums Chart, staying in the chart for 4 weeks.

As of 2011, it still remains C-ute's best selling album.

Track listing
All songs written and composed by Tsunku.

CD

 Performed by Maimi Yajima and Airi Suzuki

 Performed by Chisato Okai and Kanna Arihara

 Performed by Saki Nakajima and Mai Hagiwara

 Performed by Erika Umeda with °C-ute Gasshōdan

DVD
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Hello! Project 2008 Winter ~Kettei! Hello☆Pro Award '08~ live version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Erika Umeda close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Maimi Yajima close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Saki Nakajima close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Airi Suzuki close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Chisato Okai close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Mai Hagiwara close-up version)
 LaLaLa Shiawase no Uta (Kanna Arihara close-up version)

Charts


Darren Barr

Darren Barr (born 17 March 1985) is a Scottish professional football player and coach, who is currently assistant manager at Scottish League Two club Annan Athletic.

Barr has represented Scotland as a full internationalist and as a B internationalist. He has previously played for Heart of Midlothian, Falkirk, Forfar Athletic, Kilmarnock, Ross County, Dumbarton and Greenock Morton.

Early years
Barr enrolled at St. Michael's Primary School in his home community of Moodiesburn in 1990, and from 1997 attended St. Maurice's High School in Cumbernauld. He was a keen footballer during his school years, playing for Westfield boys club and later the Moodiesburn equivalent.

Club career

Falkirk
Barr went on to sign for Falkirk on 12 July 2002, and made his first team debut on 13 March 2004, as a substitute against Queen of the South. He made two more appearances the next season before being loaned out to Forfar Athletic at the start of the 2005–06 season.

Barr broke through to the first team at the start of the 2006–07 season scoring his first goal for the club on 5 August 2006, in Falkirk's victory over Dunfermline. In December 2006, he was named as SPL Young Player of the Month for December. Barr received his first ever red card on 20 January 2007, for squaring up to Hearts' Andrius Velicka, but the decision was overturned on appeal and Barr was instead credited with a yellow card. The following season Barr was sent off twice: first against Hibernian, being given a second yellow card for throwing the ball away and then against Celtic for receiving a second yellow card.

Barr was made Falkirk's captain at the age of 22 in January 2008, and went on to win the SPL Player of the Month award for March 2008.

Under new boss Eddie May Barr began playing at right back during the 2009–10 season rather than his more normal centre back role. With his contract due to expire at the end of the season, May confirmed in January that Hibs had made two attempts to sign Barr along with Aberdeen. Barr choose to sign for Hearts on a pre-contract in January rather than leave Falkirk immediately opting to help them escape relegation. Falkirk failed to avoid relegation and Barr left on a low note expressing hope that Falkirk would gain promotion quickly.

Forfar Athletic (loan)
Barr joined Forfar Athletic on loan at the start of the 2005–06 season, making his debut on 27 August against Peterhead as an 81st-minute substitute. His loan lasted until 31 December 2005. In all he made fifteen appearances for Forfar.

Heart of Midlothian
On 25 January 2010, it was announced that Barr had signed a 3-year pre-contract with Hearts and would complete his move to Edinburgh upon the expiration of his contract with Falkirk at the end of the season. He was officially presented as a Hearts player at a press conference at Tynecastle on 8 June 2010. He made his debut on the opening day of the season against St Johnstone. Barr initially became a regular in the Hearts team at the start of the season but a loss of form and impressive displays by Craig Thomson saw Barr drop from the team. Injury further limited his appearances, and he only made 14 appearances that season.

Barr's first game of the new season came in the League Cup against Ayr United on 21 September 2011. A recurrence of his hernia injury that required surgery caused further setbacks, and his next appearance came as a substitute against Motherwell in the league on Christmas Eve. Barr was consistently selected in midfield by manager Paulo Sergio in the last few months of the 2011–12 season ahead of established midfield players. In the 2012 Scottish Cup Final, Barr started the match in central midfield and scored the opening goal in a 5–1 win against Hibernian.

Barr left Hearts when his contract expired at the end of the 2012–13 season.

Kilmarnock
On 17 July 2013, Barr signed a one-year deal with Kilmarnock. He was not offered a new contract and left the club after the end of the 2013–14 season.

Ross County
After leaving Kilmarnock, Barr went on trial with Scottish Premiership side Partick Thistle in July 2014 and also played as a trialist in pre-season for Motherwell. On 1 September 2014, Barr signed for Ross County. He made his debut on 13 September 2014, in a 2–1 home defeat against Motherwell. His season was ended in November 2014, when he suffered a knee injury against Aberdeen and underwent cruciate ligament surgery. At the end of the season, Barr was released by Ross County.

Dumbarton
In June 2015, after one season in Dingwall, Barr dropped down a division to Scottish Championship side Dumbarton. He scored his first goals for the club in a 3–2 friendly defeat to Partick Thistle on 11 July 2015. He was appointed captain on 19 July 2015. He extended his deal in January 2016, rejecting a full-time offer from a rival club, after making 22 appearances during the first half of the season, scoring twice. Barr scored the winning goal in a match against Hibernian in February 2016.

Barr signed a one-year contract with Dumbarton in June 2016.

Greenock Morton
Barr rejected a new deal from Dumbarton in the summer of 2017, and joined fellow Scottish Championship side Greenock Morton as the club's development team head coach, whilst still being registered as a player.

Stirling Albion
Barr moved to Scottish League Two club Stirling Albion in January 2018. He was caretaker manager of Stirling in October 2018, after Dave Mackay left the club.

Annan Athletic
Barr was appointed assistant manager of Scottish League Two club Annan Athletic in November 2018, replacing Kevin Rutkiewicz who had left the club to take over as manager of Barr's former club Stirling Albion.

International career
Barr earned his first cap for Scotland in a 0–0 friendly draw against Northern Ireland at Hampden Park on 20 August 2008, becoming the first Falkirk player to play for Scotland since John White in 1959.

He retained his place and was named in George Burley's squad for Scotland's World Cup qualifying matches against Macedonia and Iceland.

Barr had already featured in the Scotland 'B' team, playing in a 2–2 draw with Finland in February 2007.

Career statistics

Honours
Heart of Midlothian
Scottish Cup: 2011–12

Individual
SPL Young Player of the Month: December 2006
SPL Player of the Month: March 2007


Battle of Fort Peter

The Battle of Fort Point Peter was a successful attack in early 1815 by a British force on a smaller American force on the Georgia side of the St. Marys River near St. Marys, Georgia. The river was then part of the international border between the United States and British-allied Spanish Florida; it now forms part of the boundary between Georgia and Florida. Occupying coastal Camden County allowed the British to blockade American transportation on the Intracoastal Waterway. The attack on Forts St. Tammany and Peter occurred in January 1815, after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, which would end the War of 1812, but before the treaty's ratification. The attack occurred at the same time as the siege of Fort St. Philip in Louisiana and was part of the British occupation of St. Marys and Cumberland Island.

Forts at St. Marys
Point Peter is the first landing site on the Georgia side of the St. Marys River.  It is a peninsula between the North River and Point Peter Creek, which flow into the St. Marys River. James Seagrove and Jacob Weed received land grants nearby in 1787, and a military post was established on Point Peter around that time. In July 1794 Paul Hyacinth Perrault was commissioned to build a fort in St. Marys, probably Ft. St. Tammany. The following year, costs exceeded $1,400. The War Department approved payments relating to the fort in 1797 and 1800. The garrison eventually included a fort, battery, and a mooring for naval vessels, and may also have been known as Fort Gunn in 1794.

United States military posted at Point Peter were responsible for enforcing tariffs and protecting the nation's southern border with Spanish Florida. The fort became involved in the Quasi-War in 1798. Between 1793 and 1805, United States military manned the fort, and $16,000 dollars were spent on the Point Peter garrison. However, by 1806 the fort was at least partially dismantled, and defenses relied instead solely on gunboats and a fixed battery, which might have contributed to the July 1805 St. Marys River incident involving British naval personnel and successive French and Spanish privateers. In 1809, the block house and battery that formed the new American fort were approved.

1810–1814
In 1811, eleven of the United States Navy's 165 gunboats were stationed at St. Marys, making it the third-largest naval station in the United States prior to the War of 1812. The gunboats were powered by lateen sails and oars, and mounted heavy guns.

In 1811, the commander of Fort Point Peter, Lt. Col. Thomas Adam Smith, and his junior officers, Captain Abraham Massias, Captain Joseph Woodruff, Lieutenant Daniel Appling, Captain Fiedler Ridgeway, and Lieutenant Elias Stallings, received orders to assist an American takeover of Spanish Florida if a rebellion or invasion took place. However, few officers became involved in the Patriot War of East Florida over the next few years. President Madison and Secretary of State Monroe never gave direct orders to the Point Peter garrison to act in that conflict, unlike the later orders in the War of 1812.

In the fall of 1812, the Camden County Battalion was raised at Point Peter. It served in the 1st Brigade of General John Floyd's army division, which participated in the Creek Wars.

Battle of Fort Point Peter 1815
On January 10, 1815, British forces under the command of Admiral Sir George Cockburn landed on Cumberland Island off the Georgia coast. The British force consisted of the three Royal Marines Battalions (560 men in the 1st & 2nd, plus the six companies of the 3rd), ships' detachments of Royal Marines from the squadron (120 men), and two companies from the 2nd West India Regiment (190 men).

On January 13 a British force first bombarded Fort Peter and then landed on Point Peter by the town of St. Marys. The British attacked and took the fort without suffering any casualties.

The British land force then headed for St. Marys. On their way, they encountered a small American force of 160 soldiers of the 43rd Infantry Regiment and the Rifle Corps under Captain Abraham A. Massias. A skirmish ensued before the Americans retreated. Massias estimated the size of the British force as 1500 men. He reported that American casualties on 13 January included 1 killed, 4 wounded, and 9 missing. Although Massias believed that British suffered numerous casualties, they reported only three men killed and five wounded in the entire expedition.

On the 15th January the British captured St. Marys despite Fort St. Tammany just outside the town. American reports suggest that the British looted the town's jewelry store and stole fine china and other goods from the residents. British reports are that the town's inhabitants agreed to terms under which residents gave up all public property and British troops respected all private property. British forces captured two American gunboats and 12 merchantmen, including the East Indiaman , which the American privateer Sabine had captured as Countess of Harcourt was on her way from London to Isle of France (Mauritius). Prize money for Countess of Harcourt, the bark Maria Theresa, goods from the ship Carl Gustaff, and the schooner Cooler, was paid in April 1824.

The British ended their occupation of St. Marys and Fort St. Tammany after about a week. They burned Fort Point Peter, including its blockhouses and barracks, and withdrew to Cumberland Island. The officers lived at Dungeness, the former mansion of the widow of deceased Revolutionary war hero General Nathanael Greene. Most British troops were stationed at the island's south end, and the British ships anchored in Cumberland sound. At the end of February 1815, Rear Admiral Cockburn received news of the Treaty of Ghent through newspapers, but refused to accept such as official proof and continued to ship refugees away from Florida and Georgia. In all, the British freed 1485 slaves.

The British departed from Cumberland Island on March 15, although a ship stuck on a sandbar and Albion remained in Cumberland Sound until March 18.

Point Peter 1815–1821
In 1818, the federal government purchased the land. In 1819, the Adams–Onís Treaty was signed, and Florida was transferred to the United States in 1821.

By the Civil War, Fort Point Peter had become a ruin. In 1870, Daniel Proctor purchased the property from the United States, who sold it to Alexander Curtis.

Present day
In 1953, Georgia placed a historical marker at the Point Peter battlefield. In 2002, a planned housing development at Point Peter spurred archaeological interest in the former forts. The developer, required to survey the cultural resources being disturbed, hired Scott Butler (an archaeologist for Brockington and Associates) to conduct a study. As of 2009, archaeologists had found thousands of artifacts, including cannons, muskets, musket balls, knives, and uniform buttons.

Fort St. Tammany, the fort in St. Marys, was located where Howard Gilman Memorial Waterfront Park is today. It is identified as Georgia Archaeological Site 9Cm164; to date there has been no detailed study of the ruins.

The Cumberland Island National Seashore Museum in downtown St. Marys has opened a semi-permanent exhibit, "The Forgotten Invasion", in remembrance of the battle. The exhibit includes a recovered sunken anchor from a British warship in addition to finds from Scott Butler's excavation.


Ping An Finance Centre

The Ping An International Finance Center (also known as the Ping An IFC) () is a 115-story,  supertall skyscraper in Shenzhen, Guangdong. The building was commissioned by Ping An Insurance and designed by the American architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates. It was completed in 2017, becoming the tallest building in Shenzhen, the 2nd tallest building in China and the 4th tallest building in the world. It also broke the record of having the highest observation deck in a building at .

Progress
The building is located within the Central Business District of Shenzhen in Futian. Its 18,931 square meter lot was purchased by Ping An Group via auction at a price of 1.6568 billion RMB on 6 November 2007. Design of the building began in 2008 with Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates providing the architectural design and Thornton Tomasetti providing structural design.  Its foundation stone was laid on 29 August 2009, and construction started in November the same year. China Construction First Building Group was hired as the general contractor to construct the building.

On 15 March 2013, the construction process was temporarily halted, due to the suspected use of concrete made with unprocessed sea sand, which could corrode the steel structure. Construction resumed on the building after sample testing.

On the morning of 15 July 2014, upon a 10-meter-long steel column being lifted to place, the skyscraper exceeded 443.8 meters in height, surpassing the KK100 Tower to become the tallest building in Shenzhen.

The building topped out on 30 April 2015, and became the second tallest skyscraper in China at a height of 599 meters. The original plan was to add a 60-meter-long antenna atop the building to surpass the Shanghai Tower and become the tallest building in China. However, in February 2015, it was decided that the antenna would not top the tower due to the possibility that it might obstruct flight paths.

Features
The building contains office, hotel and retail spaces, a conference center, and a high-end shopping mall. Floor 116 feature an observation deck named Free Sky. As its name suggests, it is also the headquarters of Ping An Insurance. The design of the building is meant to be unique and elegant, and to represent the history and achievements of the main tenant. A stainless-steel facade that weighs approximately 1,700 metric tons provides a modern design to the building.

The building has a total gross floor area of 378,600 square meters. The 115-story tower has a width-to-height aspect ratio of 1:10 and also has an 11-story podium. Including the podium, the building has 495,520 square meters of floor space. A five-level basement adds another 90,000 square meters of area. The 620,000 metric ton tower has eight main columns which form the superstructure. The column dimensions range from approximately 6 by 3.2 m at the lowest level to 2.9 by 1.4 m at the top of the tower.

Elevators
The Ping An International Finance Center is equipped with 33 double deck elevators, with its Destination Control going at speeds of up to 10 m/s.

Climbing attempts
The Ping An Financial Center has been the subject of frequent rooftopping attempts. In January 2015, daredevil Malaysian photographer Keow Wee Loong climbed the then incomplete building and released video footage and a photo taken from a crane at the tower's top.

The structure was subsequently climbed during Chinese New Year on 19 February 2015 by two Russian and Ukrainian urban explorers, Vadim Makhorov and Vitaly Raskalov from Ontheroofs, who further climbed out to a crane above the under-construction tower and documented their ascent with video and photos.

Phase 2
A second building of the project, a 290-meter, 47-story skyscraper known as the South Tower, has been completed. Construction began in April 2014 and opened in 2018/19. The complex includes a 5-star Park Hyatt hotel, a planned retail bridge connecting the two skyscrapers from levels 3 through 6.

Gallery


Gothic House (Bad Homburg)

The  Gothic House (Gotisches Haus) is a jagdschloss (hunting lodge) in the Dornholzhausen district of Bad Homburg, just within the town boundary and at the end of the Tannenwaldallee, which forms a direct link between Bad Homburg Castle and the Gothic House.

History

Origins

It was built in the castle's grounds in 1823 by Landgräfin Elisabeth, daughter of George III of the United Kingdom, for her husband Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, with the foundation stone laid on 17 April that year. She funded it using her dowry and sited it in an ideal location for Frederick to host festivities and excursions. It was also sited about 100 metres south of the grave of Frederick's horse Madjar - the Landgrave had esteemed Madjar so much that he had him formally buried in 1773 and wrote a poem for the bronze plaque marking the site, which translates:

Also nearby was the 'Landgrafensäule' or 'Landgraf column', erected in 1816 on what later became the visual axis from the Gothic House to the Elisabethenschneise, which in turn leads to the Hirschgarten. The original column was moved to the castle in 1835, but a replica was built near its site in 2011. The replica and original both bear an inscription, which translates as:

In the early Strawberry Hill variant of Gothic Revival architecture, the Gothic House's designer is unknown, but Friedrich Lotz argues it was Jeffry Wyatville, who had designed the remodelling of Windsor Castle for Elizabeth's elder brother George IV of the United Kingdom - Jeffry's uncle James Wyatt had also worked in the Gothic Revival style at Windsor and at the Castellated Palace at Kew for George and Elizabeth's father George III. Construction was overseen by Georg Moller, but was stopped permanently after scaffolding collapsed on 9 November 1823, burying and injuring eight workers, one of whom later died of his injuries.

1860-1945

In 1860 it became part of the Forstverwaltung of the landgraviate, though that body only used eight of its rooms, with the others left available for visitors and renting. Hesse-Homburg was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866 after the Austro-Prussian War, but for a while the Gothic House's use remained the same as before, though some rooms were taken on for use by the Prussia court. Wilhelm II of Prussia sold it to a restaurant owner but still wanted it "secure as a monument", for reasons that remain unclear. In 1929 the new owner turned it into a hotel, restaurant and café - it became a popular attraction and from 1899 to 1923 was a stop on the town's tram network.

1945 onwards
After World War Two the house went through several changes of owner, sending it into a slow decline and at one point housed the "Ponderosa Saloon" disco. The site was sold in 1968 by the Obertaunuskreis district of Hesse to Jan Lipinski, a property speculator from Frankfurt. Two seven-storey tower blocks were built near the Haus to house the staff for a planned hotel that never came to fruition. The Gothic House was listed as a historic monument in 1977 "at the last minute" and in 1980 the building passed to a property management company in Frankfurt after the Lipinskis went bankrupt. The Gothic Housesuffered a fire on 9 December 1980 and was completely restored from 1981 onwards. Since 1985 it has housed the town's archive and its cultural history museum. (The museum was founded in 1916 but was previously sited elsewhere.)

Gallery
The museum houses many temporary exhibitions and permanent displays on the history, art, fashion, coinage and hat-industry of the town, its spa and the landgraviate as a whole, including the "Hutmuseum", centred on the Homburg hat. The Gothic Housenow also houses the museum café.

Main museum

Romantic-period room
The 'Romantik-Zimmer' was set up to display furniture, decorative pieces and paintings from the period in 2012.

"Hutmuseum"
The display on millinery tells of the town's importance to the hat industry and its worldwide fame as the originatory of the 'Homburg', made popular by the Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII) and made in the Möckel factory in the town from the 1880s onwards.

Sculpture garden

Bibliography (in German)
 Friedrich Lotz: Geschichte der Stadt Bad Homburg vor der Höhe. Band 2: Die Landgrafenzeit. Kramer, Frankfurt am Main 1972, , S. 246–247.
 Gerta Walsh: Das Gotische Haus entstand neu wie Phoenix aus der Asche. In: Taunus-Kurier. 2. März 1985, S. 15.
 Beate Datzkow: Das Gotische Haus im Großen Tannenwald zu Bad Homburg vor der Höhe. (Aus dem Stadtarchiv. Vorträge zur Bad Homburger Geschichte, Sonderband). Bad Homburg v.d.Höhe 2005, .


Telmatherina prognatha

Telmatherina prognatha is a species of fish in the subfamily Telmatherininae part of the family Melanotaeniidae, the rainbowfishes. It is endemic to Indonesia, where it occurs only in Lake Matano on the island of Sulawesi.

Sources

prognatha


Carling (sailing)

In bargebuilding, carlings are transverse timbers that run parallel to the beams to support the deck, half timbers placed on every second frame at the inner wale and the coamings of the hatch. They are supported on carling knees.

In shipbuilding, carlings are two pieces of timber laid fore and aft under the deck of a ship, from one beam to another, directly over the keel. They serve as a foundation for the whole body of the ship; on these the ledges rest, whereon the planks of the deck, and other structures are fastened. The ends of the carlings are let culvertail into the beams.

The great carlings are those on which the mainmast stands. There are also carlings of the capstan, among others.

Carling knees are timbers going traversely, from the sides to the hatchway, serving to sustain the deck on both sides.


John J. McConnell Jr.

John James "Jack" McConnell Jr. (born May 9, 1958) is the Chief United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island.

Early life and education
Born in Providence, Rhode Island, McConnell earned an Artium Baccalaureus in 1980 from Brown University and a Juris Doctor in 1983 from Case Western Reserve University School of Law.

Professional career
From 1983 until 1984, McConnell worked as a law clerk to Rhode Island Supreme Court Associate Justice Donald Shea.  From 1984 until 1986, McConnell worked as an attorney with Mandell, Goodman, Famiglietti & Schwartz in Providence.  From 1986 until 1991, he served as an associate at what now is the law firm Motley Rice.  From 1991 until 2011, he was a partner and director of the Environmental practice group at Motley Rice LLC, where he worked with state and local governments, groups, and individuals in cases of personal injury, property damage and economic loss as a result of negligent environmental practices.

McConnell may be most known in his legal career for helping to draft and negotiate a $264 billion, 46-state settlement in the states' lawsuit against the tobacco industry.  From 1997 until 2000, McConnell investigated the case, filed the complaint and conducted discovery and motion in the case while representing many states, including the State of New York, through its attorneys general. McConnell disclosed in his questionnaire upon his nomination to federal district court that he anticipates receiving deferred compensation of $2.5 million to $3.1 million per year for every year through 2024 for his work in the tobacco settlement.

Federal judicial service
On November 17, 2008, McConnell sent a letter to U.S. Senators Jack Reed and Sheldon Whitehouse, expressing his interest in being nominated for the vacancy on the U.S. District Court for the District of Rhode Island that had been created by Judge Ernest C. Torres taking senior status. After interviews in February 2009 with both of his state's senators, McConnell learned in April 2009 that Reed would recommend his name to the White House for the nomination. President Obama formally nominated McConnell to the seat on March 10, 2010. On June 17, 2010 the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee recommended McConnell's nomination 13-6. On May 4, 2011, cloture was successfully invoked on his nomination in a 63-33 vote. The Senate confirmed him later that day in a 50-44 vote. He received his commission on May 6, 2011. He became Chief Judge on December 1, 2019.

Criticism of nomination
The Washington Examiner, a conservative tabloid, wrote an editorial critical of McConnell for making almost $700,000 in campaign contributions to Democrats by him and his wife since 1993. The editorial in the Washington Examiner claimed he is trying to buy a federal judgeship through targeted contributions.

Notable cases

McConnell is handling the mortgage docket to assist in halting nearly 200 home foreclosures.


Rufus McIntire

Rufus McIntire (December 19, 1784 – April 28, 1866) was a United States lawyer, captain of artillery in the War of 1812, congressman, land surveyor and prisoner of war.

Biography

Early life
Rufus McIntire was born on December 19, 1784 at York in York County, Maine.  He attended South Berwick Academy and was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1809.

Career
Rufus McIntire was admitted to the York County Bar Association in 1812, but when the war with Great Britain intervened, he was commissioned as a captain of a United States Army artillery company (3rd Regiment) during the War of 1812. McIntire's troops were deployed in northern New York State and Canada and were engaged in significant battles at Sackets Harbor and Crysler's Farm.

He was a voting member in the Brunswick Convention of 1816.  In 1820, the year Maine acquired statehood, he was elected to the Maine House of Representatives.  He was appointed as a boundary commissioner in 1826 and elected as a United States congressman to replace the deceased William Burleigh in the Twentieth United States Congress serving in the Twenty-first, Twenty-second, and Twenty-third U.S. Congresses from September 10, 1827 through 1835.  He ran for governor of Maine in 1837.  He served as the State Land Agent in 1839 and 1840 and was captured by the British during the Aroostook War.  He was appointed as United States Marshall for Maine in 1845 by President James K. Polk and was appointed Surveyor of Customs in Portland, Maine by President Franklin Pierce from 1853 through 1857.
He died in Parsonsfield, Maine on April 28, 1866 and is buried in Middleroad Cemetery.

Philosophical and/or political views
Rufus McIntire was a member of the Jacksonian Party.

Marriage and family
Rufus McIntire married Nancy Rolfe Hannaford in 1819.  They had eight children, three of whom died in infancy.  After Nancy’s death on February 2, 1830, Rufus married her sister, Mary B. Hannaford in 1832.  They had two children.


Hum Pardesi Ho Gaye

Hum Pardesi Ho Gaye was a Hindi language Indian television series that aired on Sony TV, which premiered on 4 March 2001. The series was produced by Shobhana Desai, and starred Kartika Rane, Aashish Chaudhary, and Perizaad Zorabian in the main lead. The series was nominated for numerous award categories at the time it was on-air, such as Prasoon Joshi was nominated for "TV Lyricist of the Year" award and Sanjay Upadhyay was nominated for "TV Director of the Year" award at the Indian Telly Awards in 2002.

Plot
Shot extensively on locations abroad, Hum Pardesi Ho Gaye showed the story of a young, educated, Indian girl Mallika, who is hurriedly married to an NRI Rahul, within a short span of 10 days.

After marriage and moving abroad with him, she learn that he is in love with another woman (Maya). Mallika tries hard but just cannot seem to make any inroads into Rahul’s heart! Maya on the other hand is oblivious to Mallika’s existence and thinks that Rahul is all hers.

Season1

Cast
Kartika Rane - Mallika
Aashish Chaudhary - Rahul
Perizaad Zorabian - Maya

Season2

Cast
Kartika Rane - Mallika
Aashish Chaudhary - Rahul
Perizaad Zorabian - Maya
Sulbha Arya
Rakesh Pandey
Manoj Joshi
Mandeep Bhander
Amit Thakur
Sushama Prakash


1968–69 Miami Floridians season

The 1968–69 Miami Floridians season was the first season of the Floridians in the American Basketball Association. The team had moved from Minnesota after one season as the Muskies. The Floridians finished one game behind the Pacers, for a second place finish. They faced the replacement for them in Minnesota, the Pipers. They beat them in a close 7 game series to set up a chance to go to the ABA Finals. In the Eastern Division Finals, they lost to the Indiana Pacers 4 games to 1.

Roster
 23 Andrew Anderson - Shooting guard
 20 Donnie Freeman - Shooting guard
 41 Les Hunter - Power forward
 24 Ervin Inniger - Shooting guard
 21 Willie Iverson - Point guard
 23 Nick Jones - Guard
 42 Gary Keller - Center
 22 Maurice McHartley - Point guard
 44 Willie Murrell - Small forward
 22 Ron Perry - Point guard
 33 Don Sidle - Power forward
 32 Dan Sparks - Power forward
 43 Skip Thoren - Center
 34 Dallas Thornton - Small forward

Final standings

Eastern Division

Playoffs
Eastern Division Semifinals vs. Minnesota Pipers

Floridians win series, 4–3

Eastern Division Finals vs Indiana Pacers

Floridians lose series, 4–1

Awards and honors
1969 ABA All-Star Game selections (game played on January 28, 1969)
 Donnie Freeman
 Les Hunter
 Skip Thoren


Oryzomys palustris aztecus

redirect Oryzomys couesi#Interior Mexico


2015 Firestone 600

The 2015 Firestone 600 was the ninth round of the 2015 IndyCar Series season. It took take place on Saturday, June 6. The race was contested over 248 laps at the  Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas, and was televised by NBCSN in the United States. It marked the 27th IndyCar race held at the speedway since it was first held there in 1997.

Background
The second race in last week's rounds 7 and 8 in the IndyCar series marked the first time all season that a race finished without a Penske or Ganassi driver among the top two places. The top performance by either of the super teams was a third-place showing by Penske’s Simon Pagenaud in first race of the dual in Detroit on Saturday. It also marked the best showing by Honda cars with the manufacturer taking 1-2 in the first race, and 2-3 in the second race.

Report

Qualifying
Initial practice and qualifying took place in the afternoon on Friday June 5, 2015 with a final practice occurring later that evening.

Race summary
The race took place on the evening of Saturday June 6, 2015 and was the fastest IndyCar Series race ever run at the Texas Motor Speedway with an average speed of 191.940 mph. It was a relative clean contest with only one caution occurring between laps 84 to 96, which was due to non-contact debris on the front stretch of the track, during the entire 248 lap race. Pole driver Will Power had the lead for the first 7 laps of the race, when Simon Pagenaud took the lead from him and held it for the next 59 laps of the race. Multiple pit stops by others further back in the field to make wing and tire adjustments shuffled the order and put several drivers one to three laps down. Finding the right balance of downforce and tire wear and press would prove pivotal in the race. In lap 67, Tony Kanaan took the lead. During the caution beginning in lap 84, pretty much the entire field pitted, and pit times resulted in a major reshuffling of order once again with Juan Pablo Montoya holding the lead when the race resumed on lap 96, with Kanaan retaking the lead on lap 103.

As cars pitted for fuel beginning in lap 138, the lead was again reshuffled, with the lead passing to Scott Dixon, Hélio Castroneves, James Jakes and then back to Dixon. Another round of pitting for fuel again reshuffled the lead over a ten lap period, with Kanaan, then Castroneves and then Marco Andretti taking the lead. Dixon re-took the lead on lap 194 and would maintain lead for the rest of the race with the except of his taking his final pit stop for fuel on lap 228 end up having the lead for a total of 97 laps, eclipsing his season total of 59 in laps led in one race. He would go on to win the race, which his Chip Ganassi Racing teammate Kanaan taking second, and Castroneves taking the third podium position for Team Penske. The top 4 finishers were all Chevrolet cars which dominated the race and the top finishers suggest high downforce will be the way to success on oval courses for the remainder of the season.

Race results

Championship standings after the race

Drivers' standings

 Note: Only the top five positions are included.


Finding Fela

Finding Fela is a 2014 documentary film by Oscar-winning director Alex Gibney, portraying and analysing the life of pioneering musician Fela Kuti. The film had its world premiere at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 17, 2014.

Synopsis
A look at the life and music of Nigerian singer Fela Kuti, interwoven with extended scenes of the development of the New York musical Fela! and interviews with its director Bill T. Jones.

Reception
Finding Fela received mixed reviews from critics. Geoffrey Berkshire of Variety, said in his review: "This watchable but rather rote chronicle fails to find a compelling perspective on Kuti's significant life and legacy." David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter praised the film by describing it as "An absorbing if not quite definitive patchwork of the life and legacy of an unorthodox artist."

Extracts from the film featured in the 2015 British Library exhibition West Africa: Word, Symbol, Song.


Tuoshan

Tuoshan () is a mountain located  south-west of Qingzhou city, Shandong province, China. It features a number of historic sites and a native pine forest.  Tuoshan is the core scenic zone of Qingzhou National Park.

Qiaoyu's Calligraphy
Qiaoyu was a chief official of Qingzhou during the Ming Dynasty, and inscribed the characters 'Tuo Shan' on the eastern face of the mountain.

Haotian Temple
Haotian Temple (Hao Tian Gong in pinyin) measures 150 m from north to south and 100 m from east to west. It lies on the summit of Tuoshan, and commands a view northward to Qingzhou. The temple itself consists of a group of ancient structures, including an old theatre, Yuhuang Palace, Seven Treasures Cabinet, and a garden of stone 'stelae' or tablets. A tablet on the site records the rebuilding of the temple in the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). The temple has undergone further repairs since 1986.

Yuhuang Palace
This building is part of Haotian Temple on the summit of the mountain.

Qibao Cabinet
Seven Treasures (Qi bao) Cabinet was built in the Yuan Dynasty.  It is a non-beam, double-arched stone structure and is rare in China.

River in the Sky
Tian He. Adjacent to Haotian Temple. It was completely dry as of 2004 and it is doubtful that it ever 'flows'. A more realistic translation might be 'pool' or 'pond'.

Bridge in the Sky
Tian Qiao. The bridge crosses the 'River in the Sky', and provides an entrance to Haotian Temple.

Heavenly Spring
Tian Quan.  Possibly another name for the 'River in the Sky'.

Wulong Pool
Possibly another name for the 'River in the Sky'.

Gate of the Southern Heaven
Tian Nan Men in pinyin. A recently constructed or reconstructed Chinese gateway atop mountain.

Buddhist Grottoes

There are 638 stone Buddhas in five main grottoes, which were chiselled in the Northern Zhou (577-581) and Tang Dynasty (613-907) and lie along the mountain's eastern edge, close to the summit. All of the smaller grottoes are now empty. The main grottoes are mostly intact with the exception of many of the smaller-Buddha's heads. They are protected by cages. The tallest statue, that of a seated Buddha, still survives. It is over 7 m high, making it the largest in the province. The smallest statues at the site are about  tall. The site was placed under national protection in 1988.


2006 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's +75 kg

The 2006 World Weightlifting Championships were held in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic from 30 September to 7 October. The women's +75 kilograms division was staged on 6 and 7 October 2006.

Schedule

Medalists

Records

Results


2010 Detroit Lions season

The 2010  Detroit Lions season was the franchise's 81st season in the NFL. It was Jim Schwartz's second season as head coach. The Lions spent most of the season at the bottom of their division, but with more division wins than the Vikings (whose overall record was the same), the Lions ended up at 3rd place on the final day of the season with a victory over that team. They were eliminated from playoff contention after their Thanksgiving Day loss, extending their postseason drought to 11 seasons, tied with Buffalo for the longest active streak in the NFL. High points of the season included two division wins, the first being a 7–3 victory over the eventual Super Bowl XLV champion Green Bay Packers that snapped a 19-game losing streak against division opponents, and a four-game winning streak which included a victory in Tampa that ended their record 26-game road losing streak. The Lions also sent two players to the 2011 Pro Bowl: wide receiver Calvin Johnson and rookie defensive tackle Ndamukong Suh.

The Lions missed the playoffs for the eleventh straight season, tying a record set between 1971 and 1981.

Off-season

Roster changes

Free agents

Releases

Signings

Trades

On September 4, the Lions traded Dan Gronkowski to Denver for Alphonso Smith.

2010 Draft class

Denver traded its 2010 fifth-round selection and a 2009 seventh-round selection to Detroit for a 2009 sixth-round selection.

The Lions traded their original seventh-round pick to Buffalo for S Ko Simpson.

The Lions traded their 2010 sixth-round pick and a conditional 2011 seventh-round pick to Atlanta for CB Chris Houston.

The Lions traded a 2010 fifth-round pick (the pick they acquired from Denver) to Cleveland for DT Corey Williams and a 2010 seventh-round pick (214).

The Lions traded seventh-round pick 220 to Philadelphia for their 2011 sixth-round selection.

The Lions traded LB Ernie Sims to Philadelphia, the Broncos received a fifth-round pick from Philadelphia, and the Lions received TE Tony Scheffler and a 2010 seventh-round pick 220 from Denver in a three team trade.

 The Lions traded their second-round pick, their original fourth-round pick and seventh-round pick 214 to Minnesota for their first-round pick and their fourth-round pick.

 The Lions traded their 2010 fifth-round pick and DE Robert Henderson to Seattle for OG Rob Sims and their 2010 seventh-round pick.

 Awarded to the Lions as a compensatory pick.

Undrafted free agents

Coaching Staff

Final roster

Schedule

Preseason

Regular season

COLOR KEY AND NOTES:

 (#) Indicates that the game was nationally televised.
 (x) Indicates the game was blacked out locally
  Indicates that throwback uniforms were worn.

Standings

Regular season results

Week 1: at Chicago Bears

The Lions opened the season at Soldier Field against their NFC North foe the Chicago Bears. The Bears took an early lead in the first quarter with a 20-yard field goal by kicker Robbie Gould. The Lions answered with two consecutive touchdowns by rookie running back Jahvid Best: first a 7-yard run, and later in the second quarter with a 4-yard run. The Bears responded with an 89-yard catch and run touchdown by Matt Forté and later with a 31-yard field goal from Gould just before halftime. The only score of the second half was a 28-yard touchdown catch by Forté (with a failed 2-point conversion), giving the Bears a late lead. Late in the game, quarterback Shaun Hill completed what would have been the game-winning 25-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Calvin Johnson. A touchdown was initially signaled, but the officials conferred and ruled that Johnson did not “complete the catch during the process of the catch.”  The play was reviewed and the ruling on the field of an incomplete pass stood.

With the loss, the Lions started their season 0–1.

Week 2: vs. Philadelphia Eagles

For their home opener, the Lions hosted the Philadelphia Eagles. The Eagles scored first midway through the first quarter with a 45-yard touchdown catch by DeSean Jackson. The Lions responded a few minutes later with a 14-yard touchdown run by Jahvid Best. Later in the second quarter the Lions broke the tie with a 49-yard Jason Hanson field goal. They increased their lead with a 75-yard touchdown catch by Jahvid Best. The Eagles answered with 4 consecutive touchdowns. First a 14-yard run by LeSean McCoy. Next a 9-yard run by Jeremy Maclin just before halftime. Midway through the third, Philadelphia added to their lead with 2 touchdowns by LeSean McCoy. First a 4-yard run, then in the 4th quarter one for 46 yards. The Lions then attempted a comeback with 2 consecutive touchdowns late in the game. First a 2-yard touchdown run by Jahvid Best. Then a 19-yard catch by Calvin Johnson with a 2-point conversion tacked on. The Lions completed an onside kick but turned the ball over on downs.

With the loss, the Lions fell to 0–2 for the 3rd straight season.

Week 3: at Minnesota Vikings

In week 3, the Lions traveled to Minneapolis to take on division rivals the Minnesota Vikings. The Lions took an early lead with a 5-yard touchdown catch by Tony Scheffler. The Vikings tied it up 24-yard catch by Percy Harvin. They then took the lead in the second quarter with a 6-yard run by Adrian Peterson. The Lions responded just before halftime with a 33-yard field goal. Midway through the third quarter the Vikings added to their lead with a 31-yard field goal by Ryan Longwell. A few minutes later they sealed their win with an 80-yard run by Adrian Peterson.

With the loss, the Lions fell to 0–3.

Week 4: at Green Bay Packers

In week 4, the Lions traveled across Lake Michigan to Green Bay, Wisconsin to play division rivals the Green Bay Packers. The Packers started the scoring in the first quarter with a 29-yard TD catch by Donald Driver from Aaron Rodgers. The Lions tied it up in the second quarter with a 23-yard TD catch by Calvin Johnson. The Packers took the lead with a 13-yard catch by Jermichael Finley. They added to their lead 17-yard catch by Greg Jennings. The Lions responded just before halftime with a 21-yard catch by Calvin Johnson. Just after the break, the Packers' Charles Woodson returned an interception for a touchdown. The Lions attempted a comeback with 4 consecutive field goals: from 39 yards and 52 yards in the 3rd quarter, and later from 49 yards and 24 yards in the 4th. With the loss, not only did the Lions fall to 0–4, but it also marked their 19th consecutive loss in Wisconsin.

Week 5: vs. St. Louis Rams

In week 5 the Lions hosted the St. Louis Rams. The Lions started the scoring early with a 30-yard Jason Hanson field goal. The Rams tied it up at the end of the first quarter with a 28-yard field goal by Josh Brown. To start the second quarter, the Lions took the lead with a 105-yard kickoff return by Stefan Logan, the longest touchdown run in the NFL this season. The Lions added to their lead a few minutes later with a 1-yard TD catch by Calvin Johnson. The Rams kicked another 28-yard field goal a few minutes later. The Lions made it 24–6 just before halftime with a 3-yard TD catch by Brandon Pettigrew. The Lions' defense shut out the Rams in the second half. The only score of the third quarter was a 26-yard TD catch by Nate Burleson. In the fourth quarter the Lions kicked 2 field goals: from 48 then from 47. The Lions capped off their victory with a 42-yard interception return TD by Alphonso Smith.  With the win, not only did the Lions improve to 1–4, but it was their largest margin of victory since 1995 and their first win since November 22, 2009.

Week 6: at New York Giants

In week 6, the Lions traveled east to East Rutherford, New Jersey to take on the New York Giants. The Lions took an early lead midway through the first quarter with a 14-yard TD catch by Nate Burleson. The Giants responded at the end of the 1st quarter with a 4-yard TD run by Brandon Jacobs. In the second quarter, the Giants increased their lead with a 33-yard TD catch by Mario Manningham. The Lions responded with a 50-yard field goal just before halftime. Shaun Hill was also injured before halftime and left the game with a broken left forearm. Drew Stanton took over the QB role for the remainder of the game. The only score of the 3rd quarter was a 1-yard TD catch by Travis Beckum of the Giants. The Lions attempted a comeback when Calvin Johnson caught an 87-yard TD. The Giants responded with a 6-yard TD catch by Brandon Jacobs. The Lions ended the scoring with another 50-yard field goal.  With the loss, not only did the Lions fall to 1–5 into their bye week, but it increased their road losing streak to 24, tying the NFL record that the team set from 2001–2003.

Week 7: Bye

Week 8: vs. Washington Redskins

In week 8, the Lions hosted a Halloween afternoon contest against the Washington Redskins. Neither team scored in the 1st quarter. The Lions took an early lead in the second quarter with a 13-yard TD catch by Calvin Johnson. The Redskins tied it up with a 6-yard TD catch by Ryan Torain. Washington's Graham Gano kicked 2 field goals just before halftime, from 38 and 46 yards out. The only score of the 3rd quarter was a 2-yard TD catch by Brandon Pettigrew of the Lions. The Redskins took the lead in the 4th quarter with a 5-yard TD run by Keiland Williams; they went for a 2-point conversion and failed, however. The Lions took the lead back with a 7-yard catch by Calvin Johnson; they also failed to complete a 2-point conversion. The Redskins responded with a 96-yard kickoff return for a TD by Brandon Banks; they again failed to complete a 2-point conversion. The Lions retook the lead with a 10-yard TD catch by Calvin Johnson, and completed a 2-point conversion. The Lions added to their lead a few minutes later with a 32-yard field goal by Jason Hanson. The Lions sealed their win with a fumble recovery by Ndamukong Suh which he ran back 17 yards for a touchdown, but the 2-point conversion failed. With the win, not only did the Lions improve to 2–5, but it was the first time since 2007 that the team has won back-to-back home games.

Curiously, this was the Lions' second consecutive blacked-out home game against the Redskins. The Lions had won the previous season's meeting as well.

Week 9: vs. New York Jets

In week 9, the Lions hosted an interconference duel against the New York Jets. The only score of the first quarter was a 10-yard TD catch by the Lions' Brandon Pettigrew. The Jets responded in the second quarter with a 31-yard field goal by Nick Folk and later a 74-yard TD catch by Braylon Edwards just before halftime. The only score of the third quarter was a 1-yard quarterback sneak TD by Matt Stafford of the Lions; however the extra point attempt by defensive lineman Ndamukong Suh (an emergency fill-in for injured kicker Jason Hanson, who got run into on the previous field goal attempt which gave them a fresh set of downs) was no good. Early in the fourth quarter, the Lions added to their lead with a Nate Burleson 2-yard TD catch. The Jets responded late in the quarter with a 1-yard TD quarterback sneak by Mark Sanchez. The Jets kicked a field goal to tie it up just before time expired, forcing overtime. The Jets won the toss and kicked a 30-yard field goal for the win as the Lions fell to 2–6.

Week 10: at Buffalo Bills

In week 10, the Lions traveled east to rainy Orchard Park, New York to take on the Buffalo Bills. Neither team scored in the first quarter. In the second quarter, the Bills got on the board first with a 1-yard run by Fred Jackson. The Lions responded just before halftime with a 25-yard field goal by newly signed kicker Dave Rayner. The only score of the third quarter was a 16-yard TD catch by Fred Jackson of the Bills. The Lions kicked  a 45-yard field goal midway through the fourth. Late in the game, the Lions attempted a comeback with a 20-yard TD catch by Calvin Johnson. They went for a 2-point conversion for the tie but failed. With the loss not only did the Lions fall to 2–7, but it was their 25th consecutive road loss, setting a new league record.

Week 11: at Dallas Cowboys

In week 11, the Lions traveled to Arlington, Texas to play the Dallas Cowboys. The only score of the first quarter was a 1-yard TD catch by Dez Bryant of the Cowboys. In the second quarter the Lions got on the board with a 47-yard field goal, and took the lead with a 9-yard TD catch by Nate Burleson. After halftime, Leonard Davis of the Cowboys committed an offensive holding penalty in his own end zone, giving the Lions a safety. The Cowboys took the lead though with a 97-yard punt return by Bryan McCann, and added to it with a 3-yard catch by Miles Austin. The Lions responded with a 14-yard catch by Calvin Johnson. In the 4th quarter, Miles Austin caught another TD, this time from 4 yards out. Later, Jon Kitna sealed the Cowboys win with a 29-yard TD run. With the loss, not only did the Lions fall to 2–8, but they added to their already record setting 26 game road losing streak.

Week 12: vs. New England Patriots (Thanksgiving Day game)

For their 71st annual Thanksgiving Day game, the Lions hosted the New England Patriots. In a rare occurrence, both teams wore the home versions of their throwback uniforms. The Patriots got on the board first with a 19-yard field goal by Shayne Graham. The Lions took the lead late in the first quarter with a 19-yard TD catch by Calvin Johnson. The Lions added to their lead in the 2nd quarter with a 1-yard run by Maurice Morris. The Patriots responded later in the quarter with a 15-yard run Benjarvus Green-Ellis. The Lions answered just before halftime with a 44-yard field goal.

Detroit area native Kid Rock performed for the halftime show.

The Patriots tied the game early in the 3rd quarter with a 5-yard catch by Wes Welker. The Lions responded a few minutes later with a 1-yard run by Maurice Morris. The Patriots then scored 4 unanswered touchdowns: a 79-yard catch by Deion Branch, then in the 4th quarter a 22-yard catch by the same, then a 16-yard catch by Wes Welker, and finally a 1-yard run by Benjarvus Green-Ellis.

With the loss, the Lions fell to 2–9 and were eliminated from playoff contention.

Week 13: vs. Chicago Bears

In week 13, the Lions hosted a rematch with division rivals the Chicago Bears. The Lions took an early lead when Drew Stanton ran in a 3-yard touchdown. The Bears tied it up near the end of the 1st quarter with a 1-yard run by Chester Taylor. The Lions broke the tie with a 50-yard field goal. The Bears responded with a 14-yard TD run by Matt Forté. The Lions took the lead just before halftime with a 46-yard TD catch by Calvin Johnson. The Lions only points of the 2nd half was a 25-yard field goal by Dave Rayner early in the 3rd quarter. The Bears responded with a 54-yard field goal by Robbie Gould. The Bears took the lead midway through the 4th quarter with a 7-yard TD catch by Brandon Manumaleuna and held off the Lions offense for the remainder of the game for the win.

With the loss, the Lions fell to 2–10.

Week 14: vs. Green Bay Packers

In week 14, the Lions hosted a rematch with division rivals the Green Bay Packers. Neither team scored in the first half. The only points of the 3rd quarter was a 42-yard field goal by Mason Crosby of the Packers. The only score of the 4th quarter was a 13-yard touchdown catch by Will Heller of the Lions to give them the win. With the win, not only did the Lions improve to 3–10, but it was the first time the team beat the Packers since 2005, snapping a 10-game losing streak. It was also their first division win since 2007, snapping a 19-game losing streak.

Week 15: at Tampa Bay Buccaneers

In week 15, the Lions traveled south to Tampa, Florida to play the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The Lions took an early lead in the 1st quarter with a 10-yard TD catch by Nate Burleson. Tampa Bay tied it up in the second quarter with a 24-yard TD catch by Mike Williams, and later took the lead with a 39-yard TD run by LeGarrette Blount. The Lions answered just before halftime with a 41-yard field goal. The only score of the 3rd quarter was a 10-yard TD run by Maurice Morris of the Lions. Tampa Bay had 2 field goals in the fourth quarter, from 30 then 26 yards out. The Lions tied the game just before the end of regulation with a 28-yard field goal, taking it to overtime. In overtime the Lions got the ball first and kicked a 34-yard field goal for the win. With the win not only did the Lions improve to 4–10, but it broke their record 26-game road losing streak. It was also their first back to back wins since 2007.

Week 16: at Miami Dolphins

In week 16, the Lions flew back to Florida, this time to play the Miami Dolphins. The Lions took an early lead with a 39-yard field goal by Dave Rayner. The Dolphins tied it up with a 40-yard field goal by Dan Carpenter. In the second quarter, the Lions took the lead when Brandon Pettigrew caught a 20-yard touchdown pass. The Dolphins tied it up with a 4-yard rush by Lousaka Polite. Miami took the lead with a 13-yard TD catch by Davone Bess. After halftime, the Lions tied it back up with a 5-yard TD rush by Maurice Morris. The Dolphins responded with a 1-yard TD run by Ronnie Brown. Miami added to their lead with a 28-yard field goal. The Lions then scored 17 unanswered points. First Jahvid Best caught a 53-yard TD pass. Then Dave Rayner kicked a 47-yard field goal. They sealed their win when DeAndre Levy intercepted a Chad Henne pass and ran it back 30 yards for a touchdown. With the win not only did the Lions improve to 5–10, but it was their first back-to-back road victories since 2004, and first three-game winning streak since 2007.

Week 17: vs. Minnesota Vikings

To finish the season, the Lions hosted a rematch with division rivals the Minnesota Vikings. Neither team scored in the first quarter; the Vikings were shut out in the first half. The Lions got on the board midway through the second quarter with a 55-yard field goal by Dave Rayner. They added to their lead with a 7-yard touchdown catch by Nate Burleson just before halftime. After the break, Detroit kicked another field goal, this time from 37 yards out. The Vikings finally got on the board midway through the third quarter when Jared Allen intercepted a Shaun Hill pass and ran it back 36 yards for a touchdown. Early in the fourth quarter, Minnesota added more points with a 27-yard field goal by Ryan Longwell. The Lions responded a few minutes later with a 5-yard TD run by Maurice Morris. The Vikings kicked a 48-yard field goal late in the game, and attempted an onside kick to try to tie it but failed, giving Detroit the win. With the win not only did the Lions finish their season 6–10, but it became their first four-game winning streak since 1999 as they snapped the Vikings' 6-game winning streak against them and also became the first time the team has won back-to-back division rival games since 2007.

Awards and records
Ndamukong Suh
 AP Defensive Rookie of the Year
 NFL Alumni Defensive Lineman of the Year
 Pepsi NFL Rookie of the Year
 Sporting News Rookie of the Year
 Pro Football Weekly Rookie of the Year
 PFWA Rookie of the Year


Stella Weaver

Stella Boniface Weaver (1856 – June 3, 1936) was a stage actress from Richmond, Virginia. In the late 1870s  and 1880s she was an important
member of the company of Lester Wallack, at 13th Street and Broadway (Manhattan). She appeared in Wallack productions of False Shame (1877), The School For Scandal (1878), Our Club (1878), and My Son (1878).

Stage career

The daughter of George C. Boniface, Weaver went on stage as a youth. Her fellow actors included Sol Smith Russell, John Edward McCullough, John T. Raymond, and Lawrence Barrett. In 1878 Weaver teamed with Charles Coghlan, Rose Coghlan, and John Gibbs Gilbert in The Snowball.  The same year she was featured in Our Girls by H.J. Byron and appeared with Maurice Barrymore in a revival of The Shaughraun. She acted with
Gilbert, Wallack, and Emily Rigl in an original production of A Child of the State. She supported Wallack in My Awful Dad, somewhat later. At Harrigan's Park Theatre, later renamed the Herald Square Theatre, Weaver was in Old Levender with Edward Harrigan. She played in a rendition of Ben Hur produced by Klaw and Erlanger and a staging of The First Year, produced by John Golden.

Death

She died at the Home For Incurables in 1936. For many years she resided at the Percy Williams Home on Long Island. Weaver was survived by a sister, Mrs. Horace McVicker. She had a private funeral and is buried in Fairview Cemetery, in Red Bank, New Jersey.


Lébékére

Lébékére  is a town and sub-prefecture in the Mali Prefecture in the Labé Region of northern Guinea.


Porsche 934

The Porsche 934 was a racing version of the Porsche 911 Turbo, prepared to FIA Group 4 rules, similar to the Porsche 935 which was prepared to FIA Group 5 rules.

History
The Porsche 934 was introduced for the 1976 racing season. It was manufactured for two years, 1976 and 1977, with at least 400 being manufactured. Toine Hezemans drove this car to victory at the European GT Championship, while in the U.S., with George Follmer at the wheel, it also became the Trans-Am champion. It continued to win races throughout the late 1970s.

The 934 was essential in building the Porsche 934/5. Combining the 934 chassis and engine with the 935 wheels, tires and rear wing configuration.

The 934 as well as the 935 were raced in the Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft in a distinctive orange "Jägermeister" livery.

Alan Hamilton the Australian Porsche distributor at the time owned one of these cars and competed and won the 1977 Australian Sports Car Championship and in 1980 the same car won the title with Allan Moffat behind the wheel

Details

The 934 has a top speed approaching 190 mph (approximately 300 km/h) and has a zero to  time of 3.9 seconds.  It was one of the last designs to incorporate all the distinctive stylings of the original 911s, with only minor bodywork taken from the 911 Turbo, to include GRP (glass-reinforced plastic) wheelarch extensions, doors, engine lid and boot.

The car came in a regular trim, or a racing trim (also called "Group 4 trim").
Regular trim:

 Electric windows and door trim
 32 gallon gas tank.
  3-litre, flat-six engine  (in 1977, modifications took it to 550 bhp)

The racing trim was a modified regular trim to meet with the FIA rules, most notably it added  of weight, so that it complied with the minimum weight requirement of Group 4.


Epilepsy & Behavior

Epilepsy & Behavior is a bimonthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering behavioral aspects of epilepsy. The journal was established in 2000 and is published by Elsevier. The editor-in-chief is Steven Schachter (Harvard University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 2.061.


Havel–Oder–Wasserstraße

The Havel–Oder–Wasserstraße (HOW) is the approximately 135 km long navigable connection between Berlin (Havel and Spree) and the German-Polish border at the Westoder at Friedrichsthal north of Schwedt.

It is divided into four sections (Havel-, Scheital-, Oderhaltung and the Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler Wasserstraße (HFW)), which are connected by the Lehnitz lock, the ship's lift Niederfinow and the West Schleuse Hohensaaten. The approximately 6 km long route between the Havel and Lehnitz lock and about 48 km long peak position are together called Oder-Havel-Kanal. For the Oderhaltung (Wriezener Alte Oder) section of the river, also known as the Oderberger Gewässer. The German-Polish border forms part of the west or north Mescherin (enlargement of the total length by about 14 km) and the Berlin-Spandau shipping canal, the Berlin Westhafen on a short route with the Havelhaltung (by Spandau lock above the Spreemündung).

The HOW is a federal waterway of the waterway class IV with restrictions.


The Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun (FUPRE) in Delta State, Nigeria was established and approved by the Federal Executive Council meeting of 14 March 2007 and admitted its first set of undergraduates in 2008.

The university was established under the Federal Government of Nigeria initiative to build a specialized university in the Niger Delta to produce manpower and expertise for the oil and gas sector.

The National Universities Commission(NUC) approved sharing of facilities between the Petroleum Training Institute Effurun and FUPRE until it moved to its permanent site on development of its main campus at Ugbomro, Uvwie Local Government Area in 2010.

FUPRE, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun is the first petroleum university in Africa.

Administrative structure
The administrative structure of the university consists of:
 Chancellor
 Pro chancellor
 Vice Chancellor
 Principal Officers of the University
 Members of the Governing Council

Centres and administrative departments/units

Administrative departments/units
 Information and Communication Technology
 Counselling Centre
 Academic Planning Unit

Centres
 Centre for Maritime and Offshore Studies
 Centre for Safety Education
 Centre for Research Innovation

Colleges
The institution presently have two colleges with ten departments. The colleges are:
 College of Science
 College of Technology

The College of Science and College of Technology has started running courses for its academic session.

Departments and courses
The main focus is petroleum engineering and technology related courses such as:
 Chemistry
 Environmental Management and Toxicology
 Industrial Chemistry
 Geophysics
 Geology
 Marine Engineering
 Mathematics
 Mechanical Engineering
 Physics
 Computer Science
 Electrical/Electronics
 Petroleum Engineering
 Natural Gas Engineering
 Chemical Engineering

Programmes
The institution presently has three educational programmes:
 College of Basic studies and Foundation Programme
 Centre for Safety Education
 Centre for Maritime and Offshore Studies

About SDSN FUPRE

Research Papers and Innovation

Awards and Recognitions


1972 United States elections

The 1972 United States elections was held on November 7, and elected the members of the 93rd United States Congress. The election took place during the later stages of the Vietnam War. The Republican Party won a landslide victory in the presidential election and picked up seats in the House, but the Democratic Party easily retained control of Congress. This was the first election after the ratification of the 26th Amendment granted the right to vote to those aged 18-20.

Incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon won re-election, defeating Democratic Senator George McGovern from South Dakota. Nixon won a landslide victory, taking just under 61% of the popular vote and winning every state but Massachusetts and Washington, D.C.. Libertarian John Hospers won the electoral vote of one faithless elector, making him the most recent member of a third party to win an electoral vote. McGovern won the Democratic nomination after defeating Washington Senator Henry M. Jackson, Alabama Governor George Wallace, and New York Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm. This was the first presidential election after the McGovern–Fraser Commission (which McGovern himself had chaired) caused an increase in the number of states holding primary elections.

In the House, the Republican Party picked up twelve seats, but Democrats easily retained a majority. In the Senate, the Democratic Party picked up two seats, increasing their majority. The House elections took place after the 1970 United States Census and the subsequent Congressional re-apportionment.

In the gubernatorial elections, Democrats won a net gain of one seat.


Great Michigan Fire

The  Great Michigan Fire was a series of simultaneous forest fires in the state of Michigan in the United States in 1871. They were possibly caused (or at least reinforced) by the same winds that fanned the Great Chicago Fire; some believe lightning or even meteor showers may have started the fires. Several cities, towns and villages, including Alpena, Holland, Manistee, and Port Huron, suffered serious damage or were lost. The concurrent Great Peshtigo Fire in Wisconsin also destroyed several towns in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan.

In 1881, much more than half of "the Thumb" region was burned over by the Thumb Fire, which followed part of the same path as the 1871 fires.

Origins
In the mid-1830s logging began in Michigan and grew into a significant industry. Michigan was extensively logged for the Eastern white pine, measuring  tall and exceeding  in diameter, along with the hardwood forests. By 1854, sixteen sawmills were in operation, producing over  of lumber. These operations left behind branches, bark and quantities of unused wood.

The fires of October 8, 1871, started after a long dry summer. Most areas had had no rain in months, making the dried-up vegetation and logging debris, known as "slash", fuel for the fires. These fires were the result of hundreds of smaller land-clearing fires whipped together to form a massive wall of flames by gale force winds.

Consequences
In addition to the fires originating in Michigan, the Peshtigo firestorm in Wisconsin crossed the Menominee River and burned in Menominee County, Michigan. More than  were burned in Michigan, including the Menominee County area. Not only was the land burnt and left barren, thousands of buildings (houses, barns, stores and mills) were destroyed with no lumber left to rebuild. Hundreds of families were left homeless. The extent of property loss, animal deaths, and forest devastation has never been determined.

Also unknown is the total number of human deaths. Some estimates put the loss of life at fewer than 500, but they were largely based on families reporting their members missing. In 1871 in Michigan there were hundreds to thousands of lumberjacks and salesmen spread out across the state, along with settlers in remote areas, making it impossible to total the loss.

Because  the Michigan fires occurred during the day, the estimate of the death toll is lower than the Great Chicago Fire's estimated 250-300 dead.

Comet hypothesis
One speculation, first suggested in 1883, is that the simultaneous fires across the Midwest were caused by the impact of fragments from Comet Biela. The theory was revived in a 1985 book and investigated in a 2004 paper to the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. The key hypothesis is that methane from the comet provided the fuel for fires across the region to flare out of control.

Others dispute this theory, arguing that meteorites in fact are cold to the touch when they reach the Earth's surface, and there are no credible reports of any fire anywhere having been started by a meteorite. Various aspects of the behaviors of the Chicago and Peshtigo fires attributed to extraterrestrial intervention have more mundane explanations. No external source of ignition was needed; numerous small fires were already burning in the area after a tinder-dry summer and all that was needed to generate the massive blazes in the Midwest were the winds from the front that moved in that evening.


Marrus orthocanna

Marrus orthocanna is a species of pelagic siphonophore, a colonial animal composed of a complex arrangement of zooids, some of which are polyps and some medusae. It lives in the Arctic and other cold, deep waters, swimming independently in mid-ocean. It is a colonial creature that is born from a single egg which is fertilized. Later on, a protozoan form that eventually grows to form more duplicating members of the colony.

Description
Like other siphonophores, Marrus orthocanna is a colony composed of a number of specialised zooids linked together by a long stem. At the front is the pneumatophore, an orange-coloured, gas-filled float. Behind this is the nectosome, a region where there are a number of translucent nectophores with red, unlooped radial canals. These are bell-shaped medusae specialised for locomotion. When they contract, water is expelled which causes the colony to move. Their contractions are coordinated which enables the animal to swim forwards, sidewards or backwards. The remaining region is the siphosome. Most of the zooids here are polyps, specialised for collecting food. They do this for the whole colony, spreading their single long tentacles in the water to snare prey. Other zooids in this region undertake digestion and assimilation of food items. Reproductive medusae are found among the polyps in the siphosome and also various other specialised zooids. The various forms are all arranged in a repeating pattern.The main foods of this organism are decapods, krill and other smaller crustaceans.

Distribution and habitat
Marrus orthocanna occurs pelagically in the mesopelagic zone of the Arctic Ocean, the north west Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea, the Sea of Okhotsk, the north Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It is found at depths ranging between . The greatest depth at which it has been observed is about . At these depths the temperature is about , hardly any light penetrates from the surface and human observation is limited to what can be seen from submersible craft.

Biology
Marrus orthocanna can be several metres long and the tentacles can extend fifty centimetres on either side. It moves forward intermittently before pausing to put out its "fishing lines", ready to ensnare passing creatures. It is a carnivore whose diet is thought to consist mainly of small crustaceans such as decapods, krill, copepods and mysids.

This colonial animal arises from a single fertilised egg. The protozooid that develops from this subsequently buds to form the other members of the colony which are thus genetically identical. The protozooid first thins and elongates, the middle section becoming the stem of the colony. The pneumatophore forms at the opposite end to the mouth. Next a growth zone on the thin stem forms and budding occurs with the formation of the nectophores. As the stem continues lengthening, further zooids develop above these. Another growth zone sees the development of the siphosome and the continuing elongation of the stem carries these zooids down with it. The division of labor among the zooids is an evolutionary advance in the constant struggle for existence in the deep sea. Such organisms as Marrus orthocanna blur the boundaries between the individual polyp and the whole colonial organism; each cannot exist without the other.


Fuirendal

Fuirendal (until 1677: Vindingegård) is a manor house and estate located in Næstved Municipality in southeastern Denmark. It has been owned by members of the Holstein family since 1700.

History

Origins
The estate was originally called Vindingegaard after a long-gone village named Vindinge. It was owned by Thidricus Skællæ in 1387.

1413–1632:Dyre and Dresselberg families
Vindingegaard was owned by the Dyre family in the 15th century. The first member of the family who is known to have owned the estate is Jens (possibly Niels) Jensen Sosadel, who died in 1417. It remained in the family until his great grandson Erik Christoffersen's death in 1554. His widow, Sidsel Mouridsdatter Skave, then owned the estate until her death in 1592.

Vindingegaard  was then passed on to their distant relative Niels Andersen Dresselberg. His son Peder Nielsen Dresselberg inherited the estate in 1594 but died the following year, and it was then taken over by his brother Vilhelm Dresselberg. His widow stayed on the estate after his death in 1620. Their son-in-law, Frederik Parsberg, was the last member of the family to own the estate.

1632–1663: Changing owners
Christian IV bought Vindingegaard in 1632 for his illegitimate son Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve, but he never lived there and died just 30 years old in 1756. The estate was then acquired by Grunde Rosenkrantz, a son of the scholar Holger Rosenkrantz. In 1660, he ceded the estate to his brother Jørgen Rosenkrantz.

1663–1700: Fuiren family
In 1663 he sold it to Margrethe Frische, the widow of Jørgen Fuiren. The Fuiren family was a non-noble family of merchants and civil servants that had come to Denmark from Mecklenburg in about 1560. Vindingegaard is thus one of the earliest examples of an estate that passed from noble to non-noble ownership after the introduction of absolutism in 1660. Ved Margrethe Frische's son Thomas Fuiren inherited the estate in 1665. He passed it on to his nephew Diderik Fuiren, who already owned several other estates. He acquired more land and created the Barony of Fuirendal in 1677. Vindingegaard was the seat of the new barony and was renamed Fuirendal. Diderik Fuiren's son of the same name died young without male heirs in 1700, and the barony was therefore passed on to the crown.

1700–present: Holstein-Holsteinborg family

The crown granted Fuirendal to Ulrik Adolf Holstein. He expanded the estate through the acquisition of more land, founding the Countship of Holsteinborg in 1708.

The house was over the next years let out to a widow. It was from 1811 used as a hospital under the name Fuirendalske Hospital, and from 1833 the Fuirendalske Institute.

The Countship of Holsteinborg was dissolved as a result of the adoption of lensafløsningsloven in 1919. Much of the land that had previously belonged to Fuirendal also had to be sold. The remains of the estate continued as a farm under Holsteinborgs.

List of owners
 (1387) Thidricus Skællæ
 (1413) Niels/Jens Jensen Dyre
 (1446–1493) Erik Jensen Dyre
 (1493–1509) Christoffer Eriksen Dyre
 (1509–1554) Erik Christoffersen Dyre
 (1554–1592) Sidsel Mouridsdatter Skave, widow Dyre
 (1592–1594) Niels Andersen Dresselberg
 (1594–1595) Peder Nielsen Dresselberg
 (1595–1620) Vilhelm Nielsen Dresselberg
 (1620–1630) Karen Grubbe, widow Dresselberg
 (1630–1632) Frederik Parsberg
 (1632) The Crown
 (1632–1645) Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve
 (1645) Regitze Grubbe, widow Gyldenløve
 (1645–1660) Gunde Rosenkrantz
 (1660–1663) Jørgen Rosenkrantz
 (1663–1665) Margrethe Frische, widow Fuiren
 (1665–1673) Thomas Fuiren
 (1673–1686) Diderik, Baron Fuiren
 (1686–1700) Diderik II, Baron Fuiren
 (1700) The Crown
 (1700–1737) Ulrich Adolph Holstein-Holsteinborg
 (1737–1749) Frederik Conrad Holstein-Holsteinborg
 (1749–1759) Christoph Conrad Holstein-Holsteinborg
 (1759–1760) Cay Joachim Detlev Holstein-Holsteinborg
 (1760–1796) Heinrich Holstein-Holsteinborg
 (1796–1836) Frederik Adolph Holstein-Holsteinborg
 (1836–1892) Ludvig Henrik Carl Herman Holstein-Holsteinborg
 (1892–1922) Frederik Conrad Christian Christoffer Holstein-Holsteinborg
 (1922–1960) Erik Frederik Adolph Joachim Holstein-Holsteinborg
 (1960– ) Ib Holstein-Holsteinborg
 (1981–present) Ulrich Holstein-Holsteinborg


Francisco Javier Mayorga Castañeda

Francisco Javier Mayorga Castañeda (born on 17 April 1951) is a Mexican businessman and politician who serves as Secretary of Agriculture in the cabinet of President Felipe Calderón since 7 September 2009. He has previously served in the same post from 28 September 2005 to 30 November 2006 in the administration of President Vicente Fox.

Early years

Mayorga was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco into a family of eight brothers devoted to grain trade in the Western part of the country. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in Economics from the Autonomous Institute of Technology of Mexico (ITAM) and completed a master's degree in Business Administration at the Monterrey Institute of Technology (ITESM) before presiding several business chambers in his native state.

As Secretary of Agriculture

Mayorga was appointed Secretary of Agriculture for the first time in the administration of President Vicente Fox. His second appointment, in the cabinet of Felipe Calderón, was criticised by Greenpeace for his alleged continuous support to genetically modified food trading within the country.


Koliyanur block

The Koliyanur is a revenue block in the Viluppuram district of Tamil Nadu, India. It has a total of 48 panchayat villages. Koliyanur which is a suburb of Villupuram city locating 5 km distance. This suburb lies on 45A (Villupuram-Pondicherry), 45C (Villupuram–Thanjavur).