2011 ASB Classic

The 2011 ASB Classic was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 26th edition of the ASB Classic, and was part of the WTA International tournaments of the 2011 WTA Tour. It took place at the ASB Tennis Centre in Auckland, New Zealand, from 3 to 8 January 2011. Gréta Arn won the singles title.

Singles entrants

Seeds

 Rankings as of 27 December 2010.

Other entrants
The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:
  Kateryna Bondarenko
  Marina Erakovic
  Sacha Jones

The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:
  Noppawan Lertcheewakarn
  Sabine Lisicki
  Florencia Molinero
  Heather Watson

The following player received the lucky loser spot:
  Alberta Brianti

The following pairs received wildcards into the doubles main draw:
  Leela Beattie /  Emily Fanning

Champions

Singles

 Gréta Arn defeated  Yanina Wickmayer, 6–3, 6–3
 It was Arn's 1st title of the year and the 2nd of her career.

Doubles

 Květa Peschke /  Katarina Srebotnik defeated  Sofia Arvidsson /  Marina Erakovic, 6–3, 6–0


Dexter Park (Chicago)

Dexter Park was a horse race track in Chicago built in the years following the Civil War. It was named for a gelding and trotter who had set world records for the mile and inspired the naming of several new towns including Dexter, Missouri and Dexter, Texas.

Dexter Park was the first home of the Chicago White Stockings, one of the oldest professional baseball clubs in operation. Chicago's sporting businessmen formed the White Stockings in 1870 to represent Chicago as the Red Stockings had done for Cincinnati in 1869. When the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players formed in 1871, the White Stockings joined the new league and relocated to the lakefront, at Union Base-Ball Grounds. That move proved ill-fated, as it put the team's home field in the path of the Great Chicago Fire; the club did not field another team for two years while it nursed its financial position.

Dexter Park was situated on Halsted Street, between 47th Street to the south and the imaginary line of 42nd Street to the north. This property was owned by, and adjacent to, the Union Stock Yards. The "bird's-eye view" of the stockyards, from ca. 1878, shows part of the race track at the left edge. The track continued to be used for exhibitions until 1934 when it was destroyed by fire. An arena called the International Amphitheater was built on its site. The racetrack was commemorated by a road to the west of the arena, called Dexter Park Street.

Dexter Park was also the site of the famous wrestling bout contested between George Hackenschmidt and Frank Gotch in 1908 in what was considered professional wrestling's first true world championship bout.


K train

K Train or simply K may refer to:

New York City Subway
K (Broadway Brooklyn Local), earlier KK, discontinued in 1976
K (Eighth Avenue Local), replaced the AA in 1985 and merged into the C in 1988

San Francisco
 K Ingleside, Muni Metro line serving the West Portal and Ingleside neighborhoods


Donald Francis Lippert

Donald Francis Lippert (June 12, 1957) is a Roman Catholic bishop.

Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, Lippert was ordained a priest on June 8, 1985 for the Capuchin order. On November 22, 2011, Lippert was appointed bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mendi, Papua New Guinea and was ordained a bishop of February 4, 2012.

Notes


Street Life (Roxy Music song)

"Street Life" is the opening track of English rock band Roxy Music's third album Stranded, their first album with Eddie Jobson, who replaced Brian Eno. It was released as a single in the UK in November 1973 and reached number 9 on the charts. Its non-LP B-side "Hula Kula", a Hawaiian-like instrumental composed by Phil Manzanera, was re-released on "The Thrill of It All" boxset.

Covers
Bassist John Taylor, also known as Johnny, during his solo period after leaving Duran Duran in 1997, organized a Roxy Music tribute album called Dream Home Heartaches: Remaking/Remodeling Roxy Music (released 1999).  "Street Life" was covered by Gerry Laffy and Simon Laffy, credited as Phantom 5.

The band Def Leppard covered "Street Life" on their album Yeah!.

Morrissey also performed the song during some European festival dates during his 2006 tour.

Personnel
 Bryan Ferry – Vocals, piano
 Andy Mackay – Oboe, saxophone, treatments
 Chris Thomas – Bass
 Paul Thompson – Drums, timpani
 Phil Manzanera – Guitar, treatments
 Eddie Jobson – Violin, synthesizer, keyboards


Cinema Management Group

Cinema Management Group is an American company located in Beverly Hills, California that acquires, licenses, and distributes feature films, animation and documentaries.

History
The company was founded in 2003 by Edward Noeltner. In 2004 the company acquired the right for the CGI animated film Hoodwinked!: The True Story of Red Riding Hood.  CMG expanded its genre distribution with the indie film Reeker and the sequel No Man's Land: The Rise of Reeker.

CMG represents Moriah Films.

Executives
Edward Noeltner is the founder of Cinema Management Group. He has served as the  President of Senator Films International in Berlin, Head of Television at Pandora Cinema in Paris, Senior Vice President of International Distribution at AB Svensk Filmindustri  in Stockholm/Paris, and Senior Vice President of Sales and Distribution at Miramax International. in New York.  Edward Noeltner has overseen the international sales and distribution of Academy Award winning films such as Chicago, The Hours, Frida,  Shine, Kolya, Faithless, Under The Sun, Tango, and Four Days in September.

Expansion
In 2008, film producer Gray Frederickson (The Godfather) brokered the sale of CMG shares to The Cleveland Family Trust, managed by Brian and Jason Cleveland to establish the CMG Acquisitions Fund.

Films distributed

Animated films

Adventures in Zambezia
The Adventures of the  Little Prince
Hoodwinked!
Khumba
Killer Bean Forever
The Legend of Sarila
The Littlest Angel
Louis La Chance
Ratchet & Clank
Saving Santa

Feature films

American Violet
Blood and Bone
Blood Out
Brotherhood
Carjacked
The Collection
The Collector
Creature
DeadHeads
Demoted
The Devil's Hand
Eden
Get Lucky
Go for Sisters
The Haunting of Molly Hartley
Hollywood Sex Wars
House of the Rising Sun
The Hunted
Iraq for Sale: The War Profiteers
Kelin
Liars All
No Man's Land: The Rise of Reeker
No Tell Motel
Owl and the Sparrow
The Perfect Host
Pick Pocket (also known as Loosies)
Plastic
Reaching for the Moon
Reeker
Silent House
Still Mine
A Stranger in Paradise
The Treatment
Under Still Waters

Documentary films

All Together Now (previously licensed)
The Choir
Forks Over Knives
Gasland
Good Hair
Revolution
The Trials of Darryl Hunt
An Unlikely Weapon

Moriah films

Echoes that Remain
Ever Again
Genocide
I Have Never Forgotten You
In Search of Peace
It Is No Dream
Liberation
The Long Way Home
The Prime Ministers
Unlikely Heroes
Winston Churchill: Walking with Destiny


Berkeley County, West Virginia

Berkeley County is located in the Shenandoah Valley in the Eastern Panhandle region of West Virginia in the United States. The county is part of the Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area.

As of the 2010 census, the county population was 104,169, making it the second-most populous of West Virginia's 55 counties, behind Kanawha. The City of Martinsburg is the county seat.

History
Created on May 15, 1772 by an act of House of Burgesses from the northern third of Frederick County when it was part of Virginia, Berkeley County became West Virginia's second oldest county after the Mountain State was admitted to the Union in 1863 during the American Civil War. At the time of the county's formation, Berkeley County comprised areas that now are part of present-day Jefferson and Morgan counties in West Virginia.

Most historians believe the county was named for Norborne Berkeley, Baron de Botetourt (1718–1770), Colonial Governor of Virginia from 1768 to 1770. West Virginia's Blue Book, for example, indicates Berkeley County was named in his honor. He served as a colonel in England's North Gloucestershire militia in 1761, and represented that division of the county in parliament until he was made a peer in 1764. Having incurred heavy gambling debts, he solicited a government appointment and in July 1768, was made governor of Virginia. In 1769, he reluctantly dissolved the House of Burgesses after it adopted resolutions opposing parliament's replacement of requisitions with parliamentary taxes as a means of generating revenue and a requirement the colonists send accused criminals to England for trial.

Despite his differences with the House of Burgesses, Berkeley was well respected by the colonists, especially after he sent Parliament letters encouraging it to repeal the taxes. When Parliament refused to rescind them, Governor Berkeley requested to be recalled. In appreciation of his efforts, the colonists erected a monument to his memory which stands in Williamsburg, and two counties were later named in his honor: Berkeley in present-day West Virginia and Botetourt in Virginia.

Other historians claim Berkeley County may have been named in honor of Sir William Berkeley (1610–1677), who was born near London, graduated from Oxford University in 1629 and was appointed Governor of Virginia in 1642. He served as Governor until 1652 and was reappointed Governor in 1660. Berkeley presided over the colony during Bacon’s Rebellion of 1676, and was called back to England the following year.

The first settlers
According to missionary reports, several thousand Hurons occupied present-day West Virginia, including the Eastern Panhandle region, during the late 16th and early 17th centuries. During the 17th century, the Iroquois Confederacy (then consisting of the Mohawk, Onondaga, Cayuga, Oneida, and Seneca tribes) drove the Hurons from the state. The Iroquois Confederacy was headquartered in New York and was not interested in occupying present-day West Virginia. Instead, they used it as a hunting ground during the spring and summer months.

During the early 18th century, West Virginia's Eastern Panhandle region was inhabited by the Tuscarora. They eventually migrated northward into New York and, in 1712, became the sixth nation to be formally admitted into the Iroquois Confederacy. The Eastern Panhandle region was also used as a hunting ground by several other Indian tribes, including the Shawnee (then known as the Shawanese) who resided near present-day Winchester, Virginia and Moorefield, West Virginia until 1754 when they migrated into Ohio. The Mingo, who resided in the Tygart Valley and along the Ohio River in present-day West Virginia's Northern Panhandle region, and the Delaware, who lived in present-day eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, but had several autonomous settlements as far south as present-day Braxton County, also used the area as a hunting ground.

Following the French and Indian War, the Mingo retreated to their homes along the banks of the Ohio River and were rarely seen in the Eastern Panhandle region. Although the French and Indian War was over, many Indians continued to view the British as a threat to their sovereignty and continued to fight them. In the summer of 1763, Pontiac, an Ottawa chief, led raids on key British forts in the Great Lakes region. Shawnee chief Keigh-tugh-qua, also known as Cornstalk, led similar attacks on western Virginia settlements, starting with attacks in present-day Greenbrier County and extending northward to Berkeley Springs, and into the northern Shenandoah Valley. By the end of July, Indians had destroyed or captured all British forts west of the Alleghenies except Fort Detroit, Fort Pitt, and Fort Niagara. The uprisings were ended on August 6, 1763 when British forces, under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet, defeated Delaware and Shawnee forces at Bushy Run in western Pennsylvania.

During the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), the Mingo and Shawnee, headquartered at Chillicothe, allied themselves with the British. In 1777, a party of 350 Wyandots, Shawnees and Mingos, armed by the British, attacked Fort Henry, near present-day Wheeling. Nearly half of the soldiers manning the fort were killed in the three-day assault. The Indians then left the area celebrating their victory. For the remainder of the war, smaller raiding parties of Mingo, Shawnee, and other Indian tribes terrorized settlers throughout northern and eastern West Virginia. As a result, European settlement throughout present-day West Virginia, including the Eastern Panhandle, came to a virtual standstill until the war's conclusion.

Following the war, the Mingo and Shawnee, once again allied with the losing side, returned to their homes. As the number of settlers in present-day West Virginia began to grow, both the Mingo and Shawnee moved further inland, leaving their traditional hunting ground to the white settlers.

17th-century European explorers
In 1670, John Lederer, a German physician and explorer employed by Sir William Berkeley, colonial governor of Virginia, became the first European to set foot in present-day Berkeley County; their safety was not guaranteed. John Howard and his son also passed through present-day Berkeley County a few years later, and discovered the valley of the South Branch Potomac River at Green Spring.

The 18th century
The next known explorer to traverse the county was John Van Meter (1683–1745) in the 1730s. He came across the Potomac River, at what is now known as Shepherdstown, then he made his way to the South Branch Potomac River. In 1726, Morgan Morgan moved from Delaware and founded the first permanent English settlement of record in West Virginia on Mill Creek near the present-day Bunker Hill in Berkeley County. The state of West Virginia erected a monument in Bunker Hill commemorating the event, and placed a marker at Morgan's grave, which is located in a cemetery near the park. Morgan Morgan and his wife, Catherine Garretson, had eight children. His son, Zackquill Morgan, later founded present-day Morgantown.

In 1730, John Van Meter, with his brother Isaac (1692–1757), secured a patent for  at the South Branch Potomac River, much of it in present-day Berkeley County, from Virginia's Colonial Lieutenant Governor William Gooch. Part of the land was sold the following year to Hans Yost Heydt, also known as Joist Hite or Jost Hite. In 1732, Heydt (Hite) and fifteen families set out from York, Pennsylvania, passed through present-day Berkeley County, and settled near present-day Winchester, Virginia. In 1744 Isaac Van Meter moved to a site near Moorefield — then part of Hampshire County, but now in Hardy County (see Fort Pleasant) — where he was later scalped and killed by Indians. (His brother John settled and died in Winchester, Virginia.)

In 1748, George Washington, then just sixteen years old, surveyed present-day Berkeley County for Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron. He later returned to Bath (Berkeley Springs), West Virginia several times over the next several years with his half-brother, Lawrence, who was ill and hoped that the warm springs might improve his health. The springs, and their rumored medicinal benefits, attracted numerous Native Americans as well as Europeans to the area.

The 19th century
Berkeley County was reduced in size twice during the 19th century. On January 8, 1801, Jefferson County was formed out of the county's eastern section. Then, on February 9, 1820, Morgan County was formed out of the county's western section and parts of Hampshire County.

Berkeley County was of strategic importance to both the North and the South during the American Civil War (from 1861 to 1865). The county, and Martinsburg, the county seat, lay at the northern edge of the Shenandoah Valley, and Martinsburg was very important because the main line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad ran through the town. The rail line was of great importance to both armies. Also, Martinsburg was close to the Union arsenal at Harpers Ferry. Control over Martinsburg changed hands many times during the war, especially prior to the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863. After Gettysburg, the city remained mostly under Union control.

Most of Berkeley County's residents were loyal to the South during the American Civil War. There were seven companies of soldiers recruited from the county: five for the Confederate Army and two for the Union Army.

Yet it was (then-Colonel) Stonewall Jackson who wrote to Robert E. Lee, "... I regret to say that in Berkeley things are growing worse, and that the threats from Union men are calculated to curb the expression of Southern feeling."

A member of the Stonewall Brigade also wrote, "We left Winchester the first of this week and came to Berkeley County, the meanest Abolition hole on the face of the earth, Martinsburg especially."

At least six hundred men from Berkeley County served in either the Confederate Army or the Union Army. When the vote for separation from Confederate Virginia was held, the majority voted for the Union creation of the state of West Virginia.

Berkeley County was also the home of Maria Isabella "Belle" Boyd, a famous spy for the Confederacy. She was born in Bunker Hill on May 9, 1844, moved to Martinsburg before 1850, and lived there until the outbreak of the war. Her espionage career began on July 4, 1861 when a band of drunken Union soldiers broke into her Martinsburg home intent on raising the United States flag over the house. As the soldiers forced their way into the house (one account has a soldier pushing Belle's mother), Belle drew a pistol and killed him. A board of inquiry exonerated her actions as justifiable homicide, but sentries were posted around the house and officers kept close track of her activities. She befriended the officers, and at least one of them, Captain Daniel Keily, shared military secrets with her. She conveyed those secrets to Confederate officers via her slave, Eliza Hopewell, who carried the messages in a hollowed-out watch case. She later moved to Front Royal, Virginia to live with an aunt. One evening in mid-May, 1862 General James Shields and his staff conferred in the parlor of the local hotel. Belle hid upstairs and overheard Shields mentioning that he had been ordered east, a move that would reduce the Union Army's strength at Front Royal. Belle reported the news to Colonel Turner Ashby, a Confederate scout. He relayed the information to General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, commander of the Confederate Army. After Jackson took Front Royal on May 23, he penned a note of gratitude to Belle, and named her a Captain and an honorary Aid de Camp. Belle was later arrested by the Union Army for espionage, spent a month in the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C. and was freed in a prisoner exchange. In June 1863, she was arrested again for espionage by the Union Army during a visit to Martinsburg. She remained in the Old Carroll Prison in DC until December 1, 1863 when, suffering from typhoid, she was allowed to travel South to regain her strength.  Later, she was running the sea blockade, was captured and under guard to Lt. Samuel Wylde Harding.  He fell in love and asked Belle to marry him.  She said she would if he helped her get the captains code book and let him escape.  Also to join the Confederate army when he could, which he agreed to all.  Belle was escorted and deported to Canada, told if she returned she would be shot.  She then went to London, Samuel left the navy and also went to England.  They had a large wedding in which the future King and ambassadors attended.  While there, she began a stage career and penned her memoirs. After the war, she returned to the United States, Divorced Sam, and toured the western states recounting her exploits as a spy during the war. She died in 1900 in Evansville, Wisconsin.  A group from the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) paid for her burial gown and funeral.  Belle's 3rd husband (an actor) Belle and the GAR were in partnership.

Joining West Virginia
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), Berkeley and Jefferson counties, both lying on the Potomac River east of the mountains, with the consent of the Reorganized Government of Virginia, supposedly voted in favor of annexation to West Virginia in 1863.  The occupying Federal troops in the area ensured the desired outcome.   Many voters absent in the Confederate Army when the vote was taken refused to acknowledge the transfer upon their return.  The Virginia General Assembly repealed the Act of Secession and in 1866 brought suit against West Virginia asking the court to declare the counties a part of Virginia. Meanwhile, Congress, on March 10, 1866, passed a joint resolution recognizing the transfer.  In 1871, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Virginia v. West Virginia, upholding the secession of West Virginia, including Berkeley and Jefferson counties, from Virginia.

In 1863, West Virginia's counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government.  This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into magisterial districts.  Berkeley County was divided into seven districts: Arden, Falling Water, Gerardstown, Hedgesville, Martinsburg, Mill Creek, and Opequan.  The town of Martinsburg was originally co-extensive with Martinsburg District, but later spread into adjoining districts.  Between 1990 and 2000, Berkeley County was redivided into six magisterial districts: Adam Stephens, Norborne, Potomac, Shenandoah, Tuscarora, and Valley.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0.1%) is water.

Mountains and hills
Third Hill Mountain - highest and most topographically prominent peak in the county
Sleepy Creek Mountain

North Mountain

Rivers and streams
Potomac River
Back Creek
Tilhance Creek
Cherry Run
Meadow Branch (tributary of Sleepy Creek in Morgan County)
Opequon Creek
Middle Creek
Mill Creek
Tuscarora Creek

Agricultural land and conservation easements
Berkeley County has 53 farmland easements which place permanent restrictions on development, covering 5,133 acres of land, according to the Berkeley County Farmland Protection Board.

Major highways

Adjacent counties
Washington County, Maryland (north)
Jefferson County (southeast)
Frederick County, Virginia (south)
Morgan County (northwest)

Demographics

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 75,905 people, 29,569 households, and 20,698 families residing in the county.  The population density was 236 people per square mile (91/km²).  There were 32,913 housing units at an average density of 102 per square mile (40/km²).  The racial makeup of the county was 92.74% White, 4.69% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.46% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.28% from two or more races.  1.52% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 29,569 households out of which 33.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.60% were married couples living together, 10.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.00% were non-families. 24.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.99.

In the county, the population was spread out with 25.70% under the age of 18, 8.30% from 18 to 24, 31.30% from 25 to 44, 23.60% from 45 to 64, and 11.20% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 99.10 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.40 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $38,763, and the median income for a family was $44,302. Males had a median income of $32,010 versus $23,351 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,982.  About 8.70% of families and 11.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.60% of those under age 18 and 10.10% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census
As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 104,169 people, 39,855 households, and 27,881 families residing in the county. The population density was . There were 44,762 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the county was 87.8% white, 7.1% black or African American, 0.8% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 1.2% from other races, and 2.6% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.8% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 27.0% were German, 14.8% were Irish, 12.3% were English, 10.2% were American, and 5.1% were Italian.

Of the 39,855 households, 35.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.3% were married couples living together, 12.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 30.0% were non-families, and 23.4% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.04. The median age was 37.6 years.

The median income for a household in the county was $52,857 and the median income for a family was $64,001. Males had a median income of $45,654 versus $34,239 for females. The per capita income for the county was $25,460. About 7.0% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.

Politics
After having leaned strongly towards the Democratic Party between the New Deal and Bill Clinton’s presidency, most of West Virginia has since 2000 seen a powerful swing towards the Republican Party due to declining unionization and differences with the Democratic Party’s liberal views on social issues. Berkeley County, in contrast, was in the majority opposed to secession at the Virginia Secession Convention and has voted solidly Republican over most of the century and a half since, with the exception of Democratic landslides. No Democratic presidential candidate has carried Berkeley County since Lyndon Johnson in 1964.

Communities

City
Martinsburg (county seat)

Town
Hedgesville

Census-designated places
Falling Waters
Inwood

Unincorporated communities

Allensville
Arden
Baker Heights
Baxter
Bedington
Berkeley
Bessemer
Blairton
Bunker Hill
Darkesville
Douglas Grove
Files Crossroad
Ganotown
Georgetown
Gerrardstown
Glengary
Greensburg
Grubbs Corner
Hainesville
Johnsontown
Jones Springs
Little Georgetown
Marlowe
Nipetown
Nollville
North Mountain
Pikeside
Ridgeway
Scrabble
Shanghai
Spring Mills
Swan Pond
Tablers Station
Tarico Heights
Tomahawk
Union Corner
Van Clevesville
Vanville
Winebrenners Crossroad
Wynkoop Spring

Magisterial districts
Adam Stephens
Norborne
Potomac
Shenandoah
Tuscarora
Valley

Notable people
 Victoria "Vicky" Bullett, former professional women's basketball player, member of the 1988 and 1992 U.S. Olympic Teams that won gold and bronze medals respectively.
 Thomas Hinds (1780 - 1840), a military hero of the War of 1812, US Congressman, and namesake of Hinds County, Mississippi.
 William Robinson Leigh (1866 – 1955), an American artist who specialized in Western scenes, was born at Maidstone Manor.


John Cartledge (footballer)

John Cartledge (born 27 November 1984) is an English semi-professional footballer who plays for Isthmian League Premier Division side Sutton United.

Career

Bury
Cartledge came through the youth ranks from Birmingham City before arriving at Gigg Lane. He started seven games for Bury in his debut season in 2003-04, scoring one goal. In 2004-05 Cartledge was limited to one starting appearance and four as substitute. He was released by Bury in November 2005.

Carshalton Athletic
Cartledge was signed up on a free transfer by Carshalton Athletic in the Conference South in November 2005. He went on to make 25 league appearances in the 2005-06 season for The Robins, and was voted Player of the Year. Carshalton were relegated to the Isthmian League for 2006-07 and Cartledge appeared in 37 league games. The following season, he featured in six games, scoring once, but injury problems plagued his season and he was released by Robins manager Hayden Bird in January 2008.

Whyteleafe & Leatherhead
He signed for Isthmian League Division One side Whyteleafe in January 2008. Cartledge played out the 2007-08 season with The Leafe before joining local Surrey rivals  Leatherhead. He was the captain for the Mole Valley outfit in the 2008-09 season, however he left The Tanners in the summer of 2009, joining Isthmian League Premier Division side Sutton United.

Sutton United
Cartledge played the autumn in the Sutton reserves, who are in the Suburban Football League. In January, he made his first-team debut in the league win over Tonbridge Angels. Cartledge was loaned to Metropolitan Police in the spring of 2010, and recalled to United for the Surrey Senior Cup quarter-final away at Croydon Athletic in April. He was injured in the first half of the game.


Franck Multon

Franck Multon is a French bridge player.

Bridge accomplishments

Wins

 Bermuda Bowl (1) 1997
 World Transnational Open Teams Championship (2) 2007, 2009
 World Olympiad Teams Championship (1) 1996
 North American Bridge Championships (5)
 Reisinger (2) 2012, 2013
 Spingold (2) 2011, 2012
 Vanderbilt (1) 2010

Runners-up

 Bermuda Bowl (1) 2013
 North American Bridge Championships (6)
 Reisinger (1) 2011
 Spingold (4) 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019
 Vanderbilt (1) 2014

Notes

External links


HSC

HSC may stand for:

Business
 Hughes Systique Corporation
 Halifax Shopping Centre
 Harmonized System Code
 Harsco Corporation

Computing
 Hitachi Data Systems Corporation Storage Cluster
 HSC50 (Hierarchical Storage Controller Model 50), a mass storage controller from Digital Equipment Corporation implementing their Mass Storage Control Protocol
 Hughes Systique Corporation

Medicine
 Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland
 Hematopoietic stem cell
 Hepatic stellate cell
 Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
 Hydraulic Sinus Condensing, a technique used in dentistry to lift the sinus
 Hysteroscopy, a method for looking into the uterus via the cervix

Organizations
 Health Service Commissioner for England
 Health Sponsorship Council
 Heraldry Society of Canada
 Huntington Society of Canada
 Health and Safety Commission
 United States Homeland Security Council
 Harare Sports Club, sports venue in Zimbabwe

Schooling

Certificates

 Higher School Certificate (New South Wales) (New South Wales, Australia)
 Higher School Certificate (Victoria), the former high school leaving certificate in Victoria, Australia which was superseded by the Victorian Certificate of Education
 Higher School Certificate (UK), a British qualification which preceded the A Level
 Higher Secondary (School) Certificate (Bangladesh, India and Pakistan)

Schools
 Hampden–Sydney College
 Hillfield Strathallan College, private school in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
 Hsin Sheng College of Medical Care and Management, private junior college in Taoyuan City, Taiwan

Related
 High School Cadets
 Hindu Students Council

Other
 High-speed craft
 Home Shopping Club, former name of the Home Shopping Network
 Hot Sauce Committee Part Two, an album by the Beastie Boys
 Houston Ship Channel
 Hyper Suprime-Cam, an ultra-wide-field camera for Subaru Telescope
 The Mauser HSc pistol
 Shaoguan Guitou Airport, IATA code


Arable land

Arable land (, "able to be plowed") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops. Alternatively, for the purposes of agricultural statistics, the term often has a more precise definition: "Arable land is the land under temporary agricultural crops (multiple-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category. Data for 'Arable land' are not meant to indicate the amount of land that is potentially cultivable." A more concise definition appearing in the Eurostat glossary similarly refers to actual rather than potential uses: "land worked (ploughed or tilled) regularly, generally under a system of crop rotation".

Non-arable land can sometimes be converted to arable land through methods such as loosening and tilling (breaking up) of the soil, though in more extreme cases the degree of modification required to make certain types of land arable can be prohibitively expensive. In Britain, arable land has traditionally been contrasted with pasturable land such as heaths, which could be used for sheep-rearing but not as farmland.

Arable land area

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in the year 2013, the world's arable land amounted to 1,407 million hectares, out of a total of 4,924 million hectares of land used for agriculture.

Arable land (hectares per person)

Non-arable land

Agricultural land that is not arable according to the FAO definition above includes:
 Permanent crop – land that produces crops from woody vegetation, e.g. orchardland, vineyards, coffee plantations, rubber plantations, and land producing nut trees;
 Meadows and pastures – land used as pasture and grazed range, and those natural grasslands and sedge meadows that are used for hay production in some regions.

Other non-arable land includes land that is not suitable for any agricultural use. Land that is not arable, in the sense of lacking capability or suitability for cultivation for crop production, has one or more limitations – a lack of sufficient fresh water for irrigation, stoniness, steepness, adverse climate, excessive wetness with impracticality of drainage, and/or excessive salts, among others. Although such limitations may preclude cultivation, and some will in some cases preclude any agricultural use, large areas unsuitable for cultivation may still be agriculturally productive. For example, US NRCS statistics indicate that about 59 percent of US non-federal pasture and unforested rangeland is unsuitable for cultivation, yet such land has value for grazing of livestock. In British Columbia, Canada, 41 percent of the provincial Agricultural Land Reserve area is unsuitable for production of cultivated crops, but is suitable for uncultivated production of forage usable by grazing livestock. Similar examples can be found in many rangeland areas elsewhere.

Land incapable of being cultivated for production of crops can sometimes be converted to arable land. New arable land makes more food, and can reduce starvation. This outcome also makes a country more self-sufficient and politically independent, because food importation is reduced. Making non-arable land arable often involves digging new irrigation canals and new wells, aqueducts, desalination plants, planting trees for shade in the desert, hydroponics, fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, pesticides, reverse osmosis water processors, PET film insulation or other insulation against heat and cold, digging ditches and hills for protection against the wind, and installing greenhouses with internal light and heat for protection against the cold outside and to provide light in cloudy areas. Such modifications are often prohibitively expensive. An alternative is the seawater greenhouse, which desalinates water through evaporation and condensation using solar energy as the only energy input. This technology is optimized to grow crops on desert land close to the sea.

(Note: The use of artifices does not make land arable. Rock still remains rock, and shallow less than 6 feet turnable soil is still not considered toilable. The use of artifice is an open-air none recycled water hydroponics relationship. The below described circumstances are not in perspective, have limited duration, and have a tendency to accumulate trace materials in soil that either there or elsewhere cause deoxygenation. The use of vast amounts of fertilizer may have unintended consequences for the environment by devastating rivers, waterways, and river endings through the accumulation of non-degradable toxins and nitrogen-bearing molecules that remove oxygen and cause non-aerobic processes to form.)

Examples of infertile non-arable land being turned into fertile arable land include:
 Aran Islands: These islands off the west coast of Ireland, (not to be confused with the Isle of Arran in Scotland's Firth of Clyde), were unsuitable for arable farming because they were too rocky. The people covered the islands with a shallow layer of seaweed and sand from the ocean. Today, crops are grown there, even though the islands are still considered non-arable.
 Israel: The construction of desalination plants along Israel's coast allowed agriculture in some areas that were formerly desert. The desalination plants, which remove the salt from ocean water, have created a new source of water for farming, drinking, and washing.
 Slash and burn agriculture uses nutrients in wood ash, but these expire within a few years.
 Terra preta, fertile tropical soils created by adding charcoal.

Examples of fertile arable land being turned into infertile land include:
 Droughts such as the "Dust Bowl" of the Great Depression in the U.S. turned farmland into desert.
 Rainforest deforestation: The fertile tropical forests are converted into infertile desert land. For example, Madagascar's central highland plateau has become virtually totally barren (about ten percent of the country) as a result of slash-and-burn deforestation, an element of shifting cultivation practiced by many natives.
 Each year, arable land is lost due to desertification and human-induced erosion. Improper irrigation of farm land can wick the sodium, calcium, and magnesium from the soil and water to the surface. This process steadily concentrates salt in the root zone, decreasing productivity for crops that are not salt-tolerant.


George Troup

George McIntosh Troup (September 8, 1780 – April 26, 1856) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Georgia. He served in the Georgia General Assembly, U.S. House of Representatives, and he U.S. Senate before becoming the 32nd Governor of Georgia for two terms and then returning to the U.S. Senate. A believer in expansionist Manifest Destiny policies and a supporter of native Indian removal, Troup was born to planters and supported slavery throughout his career. Later in his life, he was known as "the Hercules of states' rights."

Family life
Troup was born during the American Revolution at McIntosh Bluff, on the Tombigbee River in what is now Alabama (then a part of the Province of Georgia). He was the son of George Troup and Catherine McIntosh, the Georgia-born daughter of Captain John McIntosh, a British military officer and the chief of the McIntosh clan. (Catherine McIntosh was of the Chiefs of the MacGillivary clan lineage—she was a first cousin to Creek Chief Alexander McGillivray and aunt of Creek Chief William McIntosh.)

Troup was twice married and the father of six children. He primarily lived in Dublin in Laurens County. Troup's plantation, Valdosta (sometimes spelled Val d'Osta), was named after the Valle d'Aosta alpine valley in Italy. In turn, the town of Valdosta, Georgia was named for Troup's plantation. Troupville, Georgia was also named for him.

Troup graduated from the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University) in 1797. He read the law with an established firm and two years later was admitted to the bar in Savannah, Georgia.

Early career
Troup entered politics, where he became a strong opponent of the Yazoo land scandal. A Democratic-Republican, Troup served one term as a state legislator (1803–1805). In 1806 he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, and was re-elected a total of four terms, serving until 1815. Along with fellow western Congressmen such as Henry Clay of Kentucky and John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, Troup was a part of the nationalistic movement which originated the term War Hawks who supported the United States' entry into the War of 1812. Troup defended Calhoun on the House floor when Rep. John Randolph of Roanoke of Virginia attacked Calhoun, Troup said after all, it was "the great mass of the House ... against the solitary gentleman from Virginia."

Troup was elected to the U.S. Senate, where he was supported by fellow wealthy plantation owners and served as chairman of the Senate Committee of Military Affairs.

Governorship of Georgia

Georgia political force William H. Crawford hand-picked Troup as his candidate for governor in 1819. However, Troup twice lost to Crawford's bitter rival, John Clark, who was supported by frontier settlers. In 1823, Troup ran again, as Clark was no longer eligible, and won. He advocated the removal of the Creek Indians from western Georgia. Troup wanted to move them to the Western Territory of the Louisiana Purchase, an idea first proposed by Thomas Jefferson in 1803. In 1825, in Georgia's first popular election, Troup won by a razor-thin margin. He negotiated the controversial Treaty of Indian Springs on February 12, 1825, with his first cousin William McIntosh, a mixed-blood Creek chief. McIntosh and 49 other tribal leaders (predominantly from the Lower Creeks) ceded a large portion of Georgia, although they did not have the backing of the majority of the Creek Confederacy. He threatened an attack on Federal troops if they interfered with the treaty and challenged President John Quincy Adams, who conceded and allowed Troup to seize the remaining Creek land in Georgia. During Troup's tenure as governor, he also supported public education and the construction of new roads and canals.

Later career
Upon the expiration of his second term as governor, Troup returned to the Senate in 1829 as a Jacksonian Democrat, where he served on the Committee on Indian Affairs. He was a nominee for President of the United States at the States Rights Convention in January 1852 in Jackson, Mississippi.

Death and memorialization

Troup died while visiting one of his plantations near the Oconee River in Montgomery County, Georgia (now Treutlen County). He was buried on the Rosemont plantation.

Troup County was created from former Lower Creek land in 1826 and named for him.

During the American Civil War, an Athens, Georgia battery was named the "Troup Artillery" in his memory.


Pterolophia timorensis

Pterolophia timorensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1943.


Nilave Mugam Kaattu

Nilave Mugam Kaattu () is a 1999 Indian Tamil film directed by Kalanjiyam and starring Karthik, Ramki and Devayani. The film, produced by S. Rajaram, has a musical score by Ilaiyaraaja and was released on 30 April 1999 to negative reviews.

The film is a remake of the Kannada film Anuraga Sangama (1995) starring Ramesh Aravind, Kumar Govind and Sudharani which itself was inspired by Charlie Chaplin's City Lights.

Plot

Murthy (Karthik) and Prakash (Ramki) become best friends since Prakash's father (Nizhalgal Ravi) killed Murthy's mother in a car accident. Despite his father's refusal, Prakash takes Murthy into his house. But Prakash's parents do not like their son making friendship with Murthy who is poor and they consider it to be a status issue.

A few years later, when Prakash goes to the US to study. Meanwhile, Prakash's parents scold Murthy with a plan to make him leave their house. Murthy feels bad and decides to leave Prakash's house without informing anyone. An old police constable accommodates Murthy who treats him like his late son Govind and the man begins to call him by that name. Murthy also comes under the identity of Govind now and starts working in an apartment by helping the residents of that apartment. Murthy has a percussion instrument and plays his favourite tune always. Murthy meets Kasturi (Devayani) a blind flower seller and falls in love with her. Kasturi also likes Murthy's character after he saved her from a few thugs who tried to molest her. Kasturi's father (Delhi Ganesh) is a drunkard and dies in an accident which leaves Kasturi alone with an eye injury which made her blind. Murthy takes care of Kasturi now and takes her to a doctor (Srividya) with an aim of getting her vision. The doctor advises Kasturi to undergo a surgery following which there are chances for getting her vision. In order to pay for the operation, Murthy takes some money from a drunk man's house. In a misunderstanding, he gets arrested by the police and is sent to jail.

Kasturi gets her vision after surgery but she is worried as Murthy has never returned. The doctor takes Kasturi to her home and asks her to stay until Murthy comes back. In the meantime, Prakash returns to India after completing his studies and he falls in love with Kasturi at first sight. Prakash convinces his parents to arrange his wedding with Kasturi. Although Kasturi is not interested in this proposal, she is convinced by the doctor as there is no point in worrying about Murthy who has disappeared for a while.

Kasturi, who cannot find Murthy, agrees to wed Prakash although she is not interested. Murthy is released by the police as he is proved innocent. One day, Prakash finds Murthy and is shocked to see his condition. Prakash takes Murthy along with him to his home. At Prakash's home, Murthy is shocked knowing that he is in love with Kasturi who has got her eyesight now. Murthy decides to hide his identity to Kasturi (as she knows him only by the name Govind and she has not seen him before). Murthy does not even speak in front of Kasturi as she will be able to identify his voice. Murthy also convinces the doctor to not reveal about him to Kasturi as he wanted his close friend Prakash to lead a happy life marrying Kasturi.

On the day of the wedding, a poor boy comes to the marriage hall looking for food. He plays Murthy's tune with the percussion instrument which shocks Kasturi. She rushes to the boy and enquires about Govind. The boy points out Murthy as the one who taught him to play this tune while he was begging before. Now Kasturi understands that Prakash's friend Murthy is none other than Govind whom she was searching.

Kasturi runs towards Murthy and requests him to marry her. Murthy is shocked and speechless. Prakash's parents speak ill about Murthy and Kasturi. Prakash comes to the spot and asks the truth to Murthy. Murthy tries to manage the situation and finally, when Prakash asks him to make a promise on him, Murthy does not do fearing any harm to Prakash. Murthy reveals the truth and wants Prakash to lead a joyful life which made him sacrifice his love.

Prakash on hearing this is overwhelmed by the love of his friend and immediately asks him to marry Kasturi. Prakash promises that he will get married to some other girl for sure and requests Murthy not to hurt Kasturi. Murthy agrees and gets united with Kasturi.

Cast

 Karthik as Murthy / Govind
 Ramki as Prakash
 Devayani as Kasthuri
 Manivannan
 Vadivelu
 Sarath Babu as a police officer
 Nizhalgal Ravi as Prakash's father
 Srividya as a doctor
 J. Lalitha as Prakash's mother
 Delhi Ganesh as Kasthuri's father
 Sundar
 Chaplin Balu
 Rajaputhran
 Bayilvan Ranganathan
 Anwar Ali Khan
 Master Pradeep as Murthy (child)
 Master Mahendran as Prakash (child)
 Muthukaalai
 Kalanjiyam in a cameo appearance

Soundtrack

The film score and the soundtrack were composed by film composer Ilaiyaraaja. The soundtrack, released in 1999, features 6 tracks with lyrics written by Vasan, M. Mehta and Pazhani Bharathi. The soundtrack has received generally mixed reviews.

Reception

The film received generally negative reviews. B. Balaji of Thenisai.com and Sandya Krishna of Indolink.com gave the film 1.5 out of 5.


Ebrahimabad, Kerman

Ebrahimabad (, also Romanized as Ebrāhīmābād) is a village in Baghin Rural District, in the Central District of Kerman County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported.


Greg Williamson (politician)

Greg Williamson is the mayor of North Queensland's Mackay Regional Council, a position he has held since April 2016. Before entering politics, Williamson was a radio announcer for Mackay's local 4MK radio station. Williamson started his political career as an alderman of what was then the Mackay City Council in the 1980s. He oversaw the amalgamation of the city and shire councils in 1994.

In October 2019, The New York Times profiled Williamson's planting, outreach, and education efforts to protect his community from the negative effects of climate change as part of a growing trend of small-town mayors hoping to affect change at the local level.

Williamson first served as Mackay's mayor from 1991-1994 before going into business and then returning to public office in 2016. Williamson is a fifth generation Mackay local and has over 35 years of service with the Australian Air Force Cadets.


The Master (novel)

The Master is a novel by Irish writer Colm Tóibín. It is his fifth novel and it was shortlisted for the 2004 Booker Prize and received the International Dublin Literary Award, the Stonewall Book Award, the Lambda Literary Award, the Los Angeles Times Novel of the Year Award and, in France, Le prix du meilleur livre étranger in 2005.

Plot summary
The Master depicts the American-born writer Henry James in the final years of the 19th century. The eleven chapters of the novel are labelled from January 1895 to October 1899 and follow the writer from his failure in the London theatre, with the play Guy Domville, to his seclusion in the town of Rye, East Sussex, where in the following years he rapidly produced several masterpieces.

The novel starts with a portrait of Henry as a public figure who feels humiliated in an unexpected way, not just in the public side of his writing career but also in a more personal way, in which all the precautions he had taken to carry on with his life as he wished it to be, come to a crisis. Henry resolves to reduce his public life by buying a house in Rye and there he nurses his loneliness and is haunted by all the consequences his need to maintain a protected space in which to live and write has generated all through his life. He's in his fifties and he's very much aware of how he had to refuse the company of his ill sister, whom he adored, at some point, how he chose to stay away from his country and his family, how he felt to turn cold with a writer friend he had been very close to previously and becomes a bachelor with an unresolved sexuality, certainly close to homosexuality, living in a house with servants in the South of England and a daily visit of the stenographer to whom he dictates. The portrait of Henry, a man appalled by the Oscar Wilde case while repressing his self and his sexuality, shows a complex and ambiguous man. He copes with life by exerting control over how much he would reveal, even to himself, and choosing to be a writer in order to achieve precisely that.

Background

During his acceptance of the 2011 Irish PEN Award, Colm Tóibín was lauded as a “Champion of minorities”. To find himself the recipient of such praise was hardly a likely outcome when one considers the conservative rural background that he emerged from, saying of his youth spent in his family home that it was characterised by "a great deal of silence". Tóibín chose to first address his own homosexuality, with no great deal of ceremony, in his essay “New Ways of Killing Your Father” published in November 1993 for London Review of Books. This development must be read against the cultural climate of the time. David Norris (politician) had, at this stage, successfully lobbied the European Court of Human Rights to declare a ruling that the antigay laws in Ireland were a flagrant transgression of the European Convention on Human Rights. Such a ruling had resulted in the passing of a bill by Dáil Éireann in June 1993 that decriminalised homosexuality in Ireland. This is the context that Tóibín, as a gay writer, was emerging from, one of transition and burgeoning reclamation of a lost gay identity. This reclamation is best captured by the critic Jennifer M. Jeffers when she says 'Irish novels in the last decade of the twentieth century push the heterosexual culture to see its “inbuilt” gender identifications, needless to say, this is not a comfortable or easy process. Irish religious, gender, sexual and material precedents in fiction that overtly challenge heterosexual culture and regulation are basically nonexistent'. Thus, Tóibín's creative output - post 1993, increasingly explores themes of homosexuality in such a way that parallels his 'increasingly public self-identification as gay'.

Main Characters

 Henry James – Protagonist and focalization of the novel's narrative.
 Alice James – Neurotic, invalid sister of Henry James.
 William James – Henry's overbearing older brother.
 Wilkie James – Henry's younger brother, brutally injured during the American Civil War.
 Minnie Temple – Effervescent young cousin of Henry James who was the recipient of much affection from the young Henry.
 Constance Fenimore Woolson – Shared a complex friendship with Henry. Her non-platonic attraction to him going unreciprocated.
 Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. – A college friend who James vacationed with.
 Paul Joukowsky – Artist residing in Paris with whom the young James experienced a close friendship.
 Corporal Hammond – Manservant assigned to Henry during his stay in Ireland, who seemingly offers an unspoken sexual encounter with the writer.
 Hendrik Christian Andersen – An opportunistic sculptor who takes advantage of an older James in order to help forward his own career. Resided in Lamb House with James for a time.

Critical response
American writer John Updike described the book in The New Yorker (2004-06-28): “Tóibín's subject is the inward James, the master of literary creation and a vast hushed arena of dreams and memories and hoarded observations”. Daniel Mendelsohn in the New York Review of Books also praised the book, referring to it as; "unquestionably the work of a first-rate novelist – one who has for the past decade been writing excellent novels about people cut off from their feelings or families or both."

A further comment on what distinguishes this novel from other works of Jamesian scholarship can be found in the following observation made within Esquire, saying 'In The Master, [Toibin] brings James to life in a way that no straight biography could'.

Composition
Colm Tóibín chose to write The Master in much the same conditions as his previous novelsimplementing an uncomfortable work environment to generate a very specific work ethic. That includes a hard, uncomfortable chair and choosing to write his drafts by hand rather than with the help of modern technologies like a computer.

The impetus for the novels composition first came from his collection of essays entitled  Love in a Dark Time: Gay Lives from Wilde to Almodóvar (2002), in which an opportunity was taken for deeper rumination on the sexual identity of queer authors. In light of this study Tóibín began to understand the dramatic potential for Henry James's conflict between his interior and exterior self. However, Tóibínis often keen to point out also that The Master is not simply an exploration of James's sexuality, “I really wasn't that interested in his homosexuality other than what it offered me as a drama of renunciation.”

Style
The Master is written in the genre of Historical fiction and in a third person narrative that emphasises the intimate inner monologue of Henry James, a style of writing that The Telegraph (London)'s Benjamin Markovits refers to as 'Tóibín's speciality'. Markovits chooses to draw a direct line between Tóibín's  prose and that of the man he is depicting in virtue of their shared lucidity and precision of language, 'so fine it can render the slightest variation in mood or circumstance'.

Furthermore, Tóibín's emphasis on memory and recollection is such that when coupled with James's expertly realised interiority, the reader constantly finds themselves transported with James's consciousness back to the events of the memories he recalls. Tóibín, in doing so takes us beyond the temporal constriction of the four years that the novel takes place during.

Sexuality
Tóibín provides a detailed exploration of the sexual identity of Henry James as found within The Master. Leon Edel  is considered one on the most significant biographers of Henry James and within his seminal five-volume biography he chooses to present James as a wholly celibate individual, a stance that has been commonplace since it was first put forward by critic Saul Rosenzweig in 1943. The publishing of Henry James: The Young Master by Sheldon M. Novick in 2004 was one of the first significant challenge to this well-established approach to Jamesian scholarship. This pivot in critical approach was born from an increasing number of James's correspondence to young men coming to light in virtue of their sometimes veiled (sometimes not) eroticism. Tóibín chooses to follow the same tact as Novick within The Master through his exploration of the Closeted Victorian.

Irish identity
Tóibín's approach to national identity within this novel appears as a proliferation of his response to The Essential Hemingway and indeed foregrounds Tóibín'sattraction to James in the first place; “the amount of emotion living in what was not said, what was between the words and the sentences.". This point is further clarified by Tóibín himself within his collection of essays All a Novelist Needs when he notes that 'In dealing with James's attitude towards Ireland ... and indeed towards his homosexuality, it is important to remember that he was in both instances non-practicing.' (14).

Awards and nominations
The Master was shortlisted for the 2004 Booker Prize. It received the International Dublin Literary Award in 2006, the Lambda Literary Award, the Stonewall Book Award, Los Angeles Times Novel of the Year award and, in France, Le prix du Meilleur livre étranger (Best foreign book prize) in 2005.


Peter Mawney

Peter Mawney (c. 1689 – 1754) was a member of one of the few French Huguenot families that remained in Rhode Island, following violent clashes with the English citizens of East Greenwich, Rhode Island over disputed land.  Mawney spent 24 years in the military service of the colony, serving in both the East Greenwich and Providence militias, and retiring as a colonel in the Providence County 2nd Regiment.  He also served for many years as justice of the Peace for the town of East Greenwich.

Mawney was married twice, both times to daughters of Pardon Tillinghast, Jr., and had eight children.  His son, John Mawney, was Sheriff of Providence for several years, and his grandson, John Mawney, Jr., was a surgeon and one of the raiders that attacked and burned the British revenue ship Gaspee during the leadup to the American Revolutionary War.

Life

Born in 1689 in East Greenwich, Rhode Island, Peter Mawplney was a son of one of the original Huguenot settlers of Frenchtown, located along the southern boundary of East Greenwich.  His father signed the initial agreement for the incorporation of the settlement in 1686, and his name appears on the plat map, but only the surname of LeMoine is given in both cases.  By family tradition, his father's given name was Moses, a name which appears in later generations within the family.  The name LeMoine was anglicized to "Money," and then to Mawney, which was the spelling maintained by later generations.

The original French immigrants had settled around a spring and planted an orchard there, and following violent clashes with the English citizens of the area, and the subsequent departure of most of the French, the Mawneys were one of only two families that remained on their original land, the Targe' (Tourgee) family being the other.  The Mawney property included the spring and French orchard.

Mawney spent 24 years in the military service of the colony, and began his service in 1722 as an Ensign in the East Greenwich branch of the colonial militia.  By 1728 he held the rank of lieutenant and in 1730 became a captain, which rank he last held in 1735.  In May 1735 he resigned as Captain of the East Greenwich company, becoming a major in the Providence County militia.  By 1738 he was lieutenant colonel of the Second Regiment of the Providence County Militia, but the following year he was made colonel of the same regiment, and maintained this rank until retiring from service in 1746, at the age of 57.

In addition to his military service, Mawney served as a justice of the peace for East Greenwich from 1733 to 1747.  He kept his ample East Greenwich property until his death, and was called "of East Greenwich" as late as 1752 in the marriage record of his daughter Mary, but may have moved to Providence in the last year or two of his life, where his will is recorded.  He died in Providence on 9 September 1754, and was buried in the North Burial Ground, near where his son John was buried only a few months earlier.  His first wife is buried in a Tillinghast family cemetery near Mawney's East Greenwich property.  Following his death, his widow married James Brown of Norwich, Connecticut, but upon her death, she was buried by her former husband in the North Burial Ground.

Family

Mawney married twice, the first time to Mary Tillinghast, the daughter of Pardon Tillinghast, Jr., and granddaughter of Reverend Pardon Tillinghast who had come from Seven Cliffs, in Sussex, England.  Mary died as a young woman, after which Mawney married her sister, Mercy.  Mawney had five children with his first wife, and three more with his second wife.  His oldest daughter, Mercy, married first Captain George Thomas, and second Joseph Olney, a great grandson of early Providence settler Thomas Olney.  His oldest son, John Mawney, was the Sheriff of Providence for several years before his early death; he married Amey Gibbs, a daughter of Robert and Amey (Whipple) Gibbs, and a granddaughter of Colonel Joseph Whipple and niece of Deputy Governor Joseph Whipple, Jr..  Mawney's daughter Mercy married Thomas Fry, a grandson of colonial Rhode Island Deputy Governor Thomas Frye, and a great grandson of Warwick founders Samuel Gorton and John Greene.  His daughter Mary married Brigadier General James Angell, a great grandson of early Providence settler Thomas Angell, and also a great grandson of Rhode Island colonial President Gregory Dexter.

Mawney's grandson, John Mawney, Jr., was a surgeon, a colonel in the Providence Militia, and a member of the party that raided and burned the English revenue ship Gaspee during the lead up to the American Revolutionary War.  After the commander of the vessel, Lieutenant Dudingston, was shot, Mawney removed the bullet from him.  John Mawney, Jr., and three other Gaspee veterans were honored by the State of Rhode Island 50 years after the burning of the vessel.


Beta 2 Limited

Beta 2 Limited was a privately held Forex and precious metal trading business located in the City Of London. It went into liquidation in May 2016. Its managing director was Lane Clark. Founded in November 2007 the company was registered by the Financial Services Authority, FSA reg No. 529092, permitting them to arrange and advise on investments other than Pension Transfers and Pension Opt Outs.

Founded during the credit crunch of 2007 the company also experienced the flash crash  of 2010.

In January 2011 the company relocated its city offices to Broadgate Tower where it offered services to private individuals as well as corporations and investment funds.


Vineeta Rai

Vineeta Rai (born September 5, 1944) is a former Indian Administrative Service officer and Revenue Secretary in the Government of India. Rai was voted one of The 25 Most Powerful Women in Business in India in 2003.

Early life
Rai completed her schooling at Sardar Patel Vidyalaya in New Delhi and subsequently studied history at Miranda House, and Brandeis University on a Wien International Scholarship.

Career
An officer of the 1968 IAS batch of the Union Territories cadre, Rai is the first women to hold the post of Revenue Secretary in the Ministry of Finance. She was appointed in June 2003 and held the post till September 2004.

Previously, Rai has held posts in the Ministry of Urban Development, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare and Ministry of Home Affairs in the Union Government.

She also worked in various state administrations and public sector undertakings.


Louisa Boren Park

Louisa Boren Park is a  park in Seattle, Washington. A heavily wooded hillside and lookout with views to the northeast of the city, Lake Washington, and the Eastside, it is located at the north end of Capitol Hill just south of Interlaken Park, out of which it was created in 1913. It was named after Louisa Boren Denny, wife and sister of Seattle pioneers David Denny and Carson Boren, respectively.

The Seattle Arts Commission commissioned artist Lee Kelly (b. 1932) to create an untitled sculpture for the park in 1975.


Canton of Saint-Just-en-Chevalet

The canton of Saint-Just-en-Chevalet is a French former administrative division located in the department of Loire and the Rhône-Alpes region. It was disbanded following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. It consisted of 10 communes, which joined the canton of Renaison in 2015. It has the following communes:

|-
| Champoly || align="right" | 276 || align="right" | 42430 || align="right" | 42047
|-
| Cherier || align="right" | 449 || align="right" | 42430 || align="right" | 42061
|-
| Cremeaux || align="right" | 932 || align="right" | 42260 || align="right" | 42076
|-
| Juré || align="right" | 243 || align="right" | 42430 || align="right" | 42116
|-
| Saint-Just-en-Chevalet || align="right" | 1 209 || align="right" | 42430 || align="right" | 42248
|-
| Saint-Marcel-d'Urfé || align="right" | 299 || align="right" | 42430 || align="right" | 42255
|-
| Saint-Priest-la-Prugne || align="right" | 462 || align="right" | 42830 || align="right" | 42276
|-
| Saint-Romain-d'Urfé || align="right" | 257 || align="right" | 42430 || align="right" | 42282
|-
| La Tuilière || align="right" | 300 || align="right" | 42830 || align="right" | 42314
|-
| Chausseterre || align="right" | 256 || align="right" | 42430 || align="right" | 42339
|}


Leonora Cannon Taylor

Leonora Cannon Taylor (October 6, 1796–December 9, 1868) was a member of the Relief Society organization at the time of its origin and the first wife of John Taylor, the third president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).

Personal Life
On October 6, 1796 in Peel, Isle of Man, Leonora Cannon was born to George Cannon and Leonora Callister. As the oldest daughter in the family, when Leonora's father died when she was thirteen she went away to London to work and help support her family.

While in London, she explored religion and joined the Methodists. Given the opportunity, she eventually moved to Canada where she met John Taylor, a Methodist preacher at the time. They married in Toronto, Canada in 1833. After having two children, they were introduced to the Latter Day Saint movement by Parley P. Pratt. The Taylors were baptized into the Church of Christ, the original name of the church founded by Joseph Smith, in 1836 and moved to America to join the other members of the church.

The couple traveled with and served in the church all their lives. They had eight children together, many of whom did not survive into adulthood. Leonora preceded her husband in death, dying of pneumonia in 1868 in Salt Lake City.

LDS Church involvement
Taylor was an original member of the Relief Society when it was formed in March 1842. She and her family traveled around the country with the members of the LDS Church throughout her life, living in Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, Iowa Territory, and Illinois and eventually settling in Salt Lake City, Utah. Throughout this time she cared for her family, especially her husband, John, who served in the church in many capacities. She was left alone with the children during her husband's missionary service in Great Britain and nursed him back to health when he was shot in the incident at Carthage Jail where Joseph and Hyrum Smith were killed.


HMS Hydra (A144)

HMS Hydra (pennant number A144) was a Royal Navy deep ocean hydrographic survey vessel, the third of the original three of the . The ship was laid down as yard number 2258 on 14 May 1964 at Yarrow Shipbuilders, at Scotstoun on the River Clyde and launched on 14 July 1965 by Mary Lythall, wife of the then Chief Scientist (Royal Navy), Basil W Lythall CB (1919–2001). She was completed and first commissioned on 4 May 1966 and, as the replacement for the survey ship , her commanding officer and many of her ship's company formed the first commission of HMS Hydra. She was decommissioned and sold to the Indonesian Navy in 1986 and renamed KRI Dewa Kembar (Pennant Number 932); she was still in service in 2019.

Ship's name and battle honours
There have been eight ships of the name  in the Royal Navy, named for the Hydra of  Greek Mythology, a serpent with many heads (though nine is generally accepted as standard), the centre one of which was immortal. The monster was overcome and slain by Hercules. The ship's badge of HMS Hydra depicts the monster with seven heads. The ship's motto was Ut Herculis Perseverantia ("Like Hercules Persevere").

Late 1960s
In the month after first commissioning Hydra carried out machinery and equipment trials and embarked stores at Chatham, before sailing for surveys in the North Atlantic. Based in Reykjavík, an extensive area south of Iceland was surveyed between June and September 1966. She then visited Copenhagen and for the remainder of 1966, was employed in searching for wrecks in the shipping lanes of the North Sea and the approaches to the Dover Strait, before returning to Chatham in early December for her winter lie-up. March 1967 saw the ship carrying out a short survey of the critical depths at the entrance of the Black Deep Channel in the Thames estuary. She then carried out a major survey of the bathymetry, gravity anomalies and total magnetic field in a large area of the Atlantic Ocean, covering the North-West Approaches to Britain. At the same time, between May and August 1967, a detached party and the ship's two surveying motor boats undertook a survey of the fishing port of Burtonport, Donegal. After summer leave and maintenance and a visit to Brest, she spent a fortnight on oceanographic surveys in the Azores area, followed by a visit to Lisbon and passage to Freetown. An oceanographic survey of the fishing grounds between Freetown and Agadir was completed. At Gibraltar in mid-November, she conducted trials of towed and free balloons carrying meteorological instruments before reaching Chatham for refit on 24 November 1967.

She recommissioned on 30 January 1968 and in March undertook an oceanographic voyage designed to advance knowledge of air/sea interaction. She carried out surveys in the Bristol Channel in April and then, for six weeks, in the southern approaches to the River Clyde. For the following two months, she was based at Londonderry and an area in the north-western approaches to Ireland was surveyed to the  line. At Chatham in late August, she took part in Navy Days and then visited the Pool of London in early September. The ship sailed Chatham in late October and carried out surveys off the west coast of Africa, spending Christmas 1968 in Gibraltar.

In early January 1969 she carried out surveys off the French Mediterranean coast. She then took part in the Atlantic Trade Wind Experiment, with survey ships from West Germany and the US; this consisted of a 15-day drift, with engines stopped, from a position some  west of Cape Verde Islands. Hydra returned to Sierra Leone in mid-February and carried out surveys until she sailed Freetown on 25 May 1969. She spent a fortnight investigating an up-welling off Cape Blanc, then calling at Gibraltar before arriving on 19 June 1969 for a refit at Chatham. A new ship's company joined at the end of August and she sailed from Chatham at the end of October for the Far East. Calls were made en route at Freetown, Simonstown and Mauritius and Singapore was reached in time for Christmas. A survey of the Malacca Strait was started on 31 December 1969.

1970s - and five years away from the UK
Surveying a route  wide down the  length of the Malacca Strait was a mammoth task. Breaks for maintenance, fuel and recreation were taken at Singapore, with a longer interruption from mid-June to mid-October 1970 for refit by Sembawang Shipyard. The ship visited Port Swettenham before resuming surveys in the Malacca Strait. However, she was detached after a fortnight to support the British task force sent from Singapore to relieve the area of East Pakistan stricken by a severe cyclone and storm surge. The ship was used in a survey role, finding and marking channels for small craft to take in food and supplies. She later resumed the Malacca Strait survey and spent Christmas 1970 at Singapore. During her year in the Malacca Strait, 63 shoal soundings were reported and promulgated by Notice to Mariners.

The surveys of the Malacca Strait were concluded in March 1971 and she then spent three weeks in Hong Kong charting waters to the south of Lantao. On 6 April 1971, HMS Hydra sailed from Hong Kong to return to the UK, via the Panama Canal. She called at Yokosuka, Long Beach, Acapulco and Bridgetown, Barbados, making gravity, magnetics and bathymetric observations on passage and investigating several shoals. The summer and autumn of 1971 were spent at Chatham, with a refit and trials.

Recommissioned at Chatham on 11 October 1971, she sailed on 30 November 1971 via the Cape of Good Hope, to return to the Far East from where she was not to return for five years, carrying out extensive surveys in the south Pacific. She left Simonstown on 3 January 1972 and called at Mauritius before carrying out a short investigation around the Aldabra Islands. After a visit to Mombasa to calibrate the ship's gravimeter, the first half of February was spent in the Seychelles where the ship's helicopter helped with the erection of Hi-Fix sites.

Hydra was detached from surveying, and ordered to return to the Mauritius area, arriving off Rodrigues Island, one of the Mascarene Islands, on 26 February to assist in disaster relief. She left the area and arrived Singapore on 13 March, thus completing a circumnavigation of the globe in one year. After a short period of maintenance, she set sail for her 1972 survey area in the Solomon Islands. This survey, from 17 April to 18 August, covered the Bougainville Strait, last surveyed in 1884. Visits were paid to Honiara (Guadalcanal Island), Ghizo Island and Kieta (Bougainville Island). A three-week visit to Brisbane was brought forward in order to have two defective main engines replaced by two flown out from the United Kingdom. The ship arrived in Hong Kong at the end of August, where she spent three months, some time being spent on surveys in local waters. She sailed from Hong Kong on 28 October and arrived in Singapore for her annual refit which began on 13 November; the most important work was the installation of the SRN9 satellite navigation system.

The refit was completed on 13 January and Hydra sailed 12 February 1973 to resume surveys in the Solomon Islands, brief visits being paid to Jakarta and Thursday Island during the  passage to Honiara. Surveys of Bougainville Strait and New Georgia Sound were completed. A three-week visit was paid to Brisbane in May, for maintenance, and while on passage both ways a reconnaissance was made of Indispensable Reef. For the next thirteen weeks, almost without a break, surveys were undertaken along the north coasts of Choiseul and Santa Isabel Islands and of Manning Strait. A Solomon Islands 45c postage stamp was issued in January 1981, recording the ship's surveying from April 1972 to September 1973.

Preparations for future surveys were carried out around Fiji in late 1973 and a visit was made to Sydney on passage back to Singapore, where she arrived on 26 October for refit; the ship's company lived ashore in the ANZUK barracks. No time was lost owing to bad weather or breakdown during a year in which the ship had steamed over . The two survey boats had steamed an additional  during the surveys of the Solomon Islands.

With the refit completed in January 1974, her next surveys were around the Maldives, during which time she visited Gan. She made the long passage east, via Singapore, and arrived at her new base of Suva, in the Fiji Islands, on 12 April. Surveys were carried out off northern Viti Levu, with a break in June/July for maintenance in Brisbane. Back off Viti Levu in July, these surveys were completed by August. The next month, work began on modern surveys off northern Vanua Levu and of Yandua Island. Before departing Fijian waters on 21 October, HMS Hydra took part in celebrations to mark the centenary of the cession of the islands to Queen Victoria, with Prince Charles embarked for part of the time. Survey was made of Epi Island, and other areas, of the New Hebrides on passage for Auckland, New Zealand, where the ship arrived on 28 November for maintenance and leave.

Surveys off Vanua Levu were resumed in January 1975, though work was punctuated with excursions to the Koro Sea for hurricane assistance and search and rescue work. The ship was absent from surveys in the Fiji area in March for a series of vigia investigations in the south-western Pacific. Surveys were broken off at the end of April and, on 2 May, the ship sailed Suva for Singapore, where she arrived on 22 May for a ten-week refit.

HMS Hydra then sailed for the Indian Ocean and was surveying the waters around the Seychelles from September to November. She then had a maintenance period in Mombasa, returning to survey off Mahé. Christmas 1975 was spent in Port Victoria and the ship sailed the Seychelles on 29 December for the Persian Gulf.

The main survey was on the traffic separation routes about  from the eastern end of the Persian Gulf, around the Tunb Islands off Iran. The surveys began with a visit to Bandar Abbas and Iranian naval personnel were attached to the ship for the duration. The ship remained in the area until the end of April, working mostly out of Bandar Abbas, but visits were paid to Karachi (for maintenance), Masirah and Dubai. Passage through the Suez Canal into the Mediterranean was followed by a two-week maintenance period in Malta in late May 1976. Surveys then began in the western Mediterranean, until the middle of September, with visits to Palermo, Malta and Gibraltar. She sailed the Rock on 14 September for Portsmouth, her first sighting of the UK in five years. She then underwent a refit at Vosper Thornycroft in Southampton, when her living accommodation was extensively modernised; boat surveys of Portsmouth harbour, and other south coast harbours, were carried out during the refit. No chart of Chichester harbour had previously existed, and parts of the Poole area had not been surveyed since 1878.

HMS Hydra completed refit in August 1977 and was operational again on 26 September. She sailed 24 October for Iran, calling briefly at Gibraltar and Malta. She arrived at Bandar Abbas, in company with , on 23 November and surveys then began along the Iranian coast in the Gulf of Oman. Christmas 1977 was spent in Bahrain. She was employed on surveys in the Persian Gulf, off Iran, for much of 1978 and 1979.

On 1 January 1979, as one of four Royal Navy survey ships forming the Persian Gulf Surveying Squadron (,  and ), HMS Hydra was at anchor in Char Bahar bay on the south-east coast of Iran. Later in the month, the ship was at Bombay for maintenance, resuming surveys off Iran on 4 February. The surveys were almost complete when the ship was ordered to Bandar Abbas assist with the evacuation of western nationals during the Iranian revolution. While awaiting a decision as to their future employment, the ships of the squadron were engaged in investigations of the many shoals in the centre of the Persian Gulf. The ship visited Muscat and then the decision was made to withdraw the squadron, so passage was set for the UK, with visits to Haifa, Catania and Gibraltar, before arriving in Portsmouth on 19 April. She sailed on 9 May for shoal investigations in Scottish waters and spent July and August in Southampton for docking and repairs at Vosper. The autumn of 1979 was spent off the west coast of Scotland, starting a detailed survey of the Western Approaches to the North Channel, an area where a large number of U-boats were sunk in 1946 after their surrender.

Three years in the life of a Royal Navy survey ship 1980–1983

Service 1980–1981

HMS Hydra was employed on surveys off the west coast of Scotland in 1980 and 1981.

To West Africa and surveys in the Caribbean 1981–1982
Newly fitted with a leased Sercel Syledis positioning system for evaluation, she sailed on 7 September 1981 to conduct surveys in the Caribbean Sea (see ), surveying the Josephine Bank and the Ampere Bank on 11 and 13 September, as well as investigating "vigia 4", "vigia 7" and "vigia 23". With a maximum speed of  using all three engines, when the starboard engine was lost on 21 September, the ship was limited to  for the rest of the deployment.

She arrived Dakar, Senegal for a visit from 24–28 September 1981. On leaving Dakar, the ship was directed to Banjul , on 29 September in order to locate a ditched Senegalese Puma helicopter, which had crashed into the river while landing Senegalese troops during the attempted coup d'état, on 1 August 1981, in the Gambia. Using copies of a recent survey, by sister ship  flown to Dakar from the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, in Taunton, HMS Hydras two surveying motor boats began sounding and sonar sweeping and located the ditched machine, the local port authority marking the helicopter's position with a float. She sailed the next day.

She arrived in Lagos, Nigeria, on 5 October 1981, in company with the destroyer  (see ), which she had met, by chance, in fog outside the entrance to the port. She sailed from Lagos on 9 October passing north of St Peter and St Paul Rocks (see ) on 16 October, arriving at Bridgetown, Barbados, for a visit from 23–27 October. During the trip across the Atlantic the side-scan sonar was deployed the autopilot and engine speed set in an attempt to set a record for the longest survey line. The journey parallel to the equator was carried out with just one small course correction to avoid a fleet of fishing boats near to the coast of South America.

She was alongside at the US Naval Station at Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico (known to sailors as Roosey Roads - see  and ) from 29–31 October before setting up camps and sites on Great Inagua and the Turks Islands, in order to carry out hydrographic surveys centred on the waters around the British Virgin Islands - see.  These surveys were part of a project in co-operation with the United States Navy, in the Turks and Caicos Islands, covering the Mouchoir Passage and Turks Island Passage. These passages were last surveyed by Commander Richard Owen in  in 1829.

Visits were made to Roadtown, Tortola (see  and map ) from 12–16 November and, after sailing, a rendezvous was made with the RFA Stromness near Vieques to take on stores, before resuming surveys. On 2 December, she broke off from surveys to visit Nassau, Bahamas (see harbour map at ) from 4–8 December 1981 and she then continued surveying (Hydrographic Instruction - HI 54) until 15 December. Changes were found in the configuration of the reefs - the northern edge of the Mouchoir Bank being nearly two miles south of its charted position.

Leaving a handful of volunteers to guard the various sites on island shores, she sailed north in order to spend two weeks alongside in St. Petersburg, Florida (see ), arriving 18 December, for Christmas and New Year 1981/1982. Sailing on 2 January 1982, she arrived on the survey ground four days later and recovered the landed sailors, after their lonely three weeks in the sun.

Hydrographic Instruction "HI 54" was completed by 15 January 1982 and equipment ashore recovered. At anchor overnight on 15/16 January, she sailed for Roosevelt Roads arriving 18 January. She sailed three days later for Sand Cay in order to set up the surveys in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) area; time off task was necessitated by the ship being ordered to co-ordinate a search and rescue operation for a woman lost overboard from a yacht; the search was called off at sunset without finding her. 21–22 January was spent in Road Town, Tortola and then hydrographic surveys began, anchoring overnight 22/23 January off Beef Island, before setting up the boat camp and trisponder station on Guana Island and "bottoming" overnight. Hydrographic surveys continued in the BVI, including a detached boat camp in West Anegada (see ), until completion on 8 February, anchoring that night in Cane Garden Bay, Tortola (see ).

A visit was made to St. John's, on the island of Antigua, from 9–13 February, before passage east across the Atlantic Ocean. 21–22 February was spent surveying the Atlantic Seamount,  southwest of the Azores, completing with a visit to Ponta Delgada, the island's capital, on 25–26 February. At anchor off Swanage, and later in Spithead on 3 March, she returned to Portsmouth Naval Base on 4 March 1982.

Hospital ship: The Falklands War of 1982
March was spent in the naval base, the ship undergoing assisted maintenance and the ship's company taking leave. The ship's programme for more surveys off the west coast of Scotland in the summer of 1982 was changed by Argentina's invasion of the Falkland Islands in April 1982. HMS Hydra was converted in Portsmouth Naval Base for service as a hospital ship – a replenishment at sea position was fitted, the yellow funnel painted white and red crosses painted prominently, and the starboard engine replaced – and she sailed on 24 April 1982, in company with her sister-ship  (see photo), with additional medical staff, for the South Atlantic. A BBC News report on that day described the ship as "... converted to a casualty ferry ... [whose] job will be to ferry wounded troops from the Falklands' beachhead to the hospital ship Uganda; at this stage it was not at all certain quite how the ship would be used.

Her journey south took four weeks, crossing the line on 6 May (although the traditional ceremony was held the previous day, for operational reasons). She was a short time in the anchorage off Ascension Island for replenishment on 8 May. She was at position  on 15 May and  on 18 May. HMS Hydra joined sister ship HMS Hecla and SS Uganda, in the "Red Cross Box" (), about  north of Falkland Sound on 19 May.

A rendezvous was made on 25 May 1982 with the requisitioned P&O liner, the troopship  , and  in order to transfer casualties by the ship's Westland Wasp helicopter. The day after she arrived in "Red Cross Box 2" – at position  on 30 May, she embarked 49 casualties from Uganda. Underway the next day, 2 June 1982, on passage for Montevideo, she undertook the ship's first-ever replenishment at sea – a RAS(L) – with the oiler , in order to take on fuel. The ship arrived in the River Plate on 6 June, disembarking her patients in the full glare of the world's media, eager for news and photographs. She sailed south at 2200 the same day.

The pattern of casualty evacuation was thus established: HMS Hydra worked with her two sister ships, HMS Hecla (see ) and HMS Herald, to take casualties from the main hospital ship Uganda (see ), operating in the declared "Red Cross Box", to Montevideo, Uruguay (see ), where they were disembarked by a fleet of Uruguayan ambulances and flown by RAF VC10 aircraft to the UK for transfer to the Princess Alexandra Hospital at RAF Wroughton, near Swindon. The hospital ship HMS Hydra made four such passages from the waters off the Falkland Islands to Montevideo, carrying a total of 251 British military casualties, many of them burns victims after the air attacks on landing ships at Bluff Cove (see ). The last three 'lifts' of patients were made with departures from Grantham Sound, in the Falkland Islands, to Montevideo on 14 June with 80 casualties, 24 June with 66 casualties  and, finally, on 7 July 1982 with 48 casualties. Thirty of the ship's company had been trained, during the passage south, to support the medical staff as temporary nurses and many were called on for that assistance. Inspections to ensure compliance with International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) conditions were carried out by ICRC staff, some transferring to the ship in an Argentine hospital ship aircraft on 12 June. An inspection was also made by Argentine naval officers in the estuary of the River Plate.

After the surrender, to Royal Marines Major-General Jeremy Moore, of the Argentine occupying forces on 14 June 1982, HMS Hydra stayed behind as the Falkland Islands Hospital Ship, based in Stanley (see ), until the airport runway was repaired and extended. After her last journey to Uruguay, she returned south and went to anchor in Port William (see ), Falkland Islands, on 17 July. The next day she weighed anchor and sailed into Stanley, to anchor near the damaged , spending a week in the harbour, undergoing self-maintenance.

She later visited most of the major settlements, providing transport for a civilian doctor to visit the scattered population, and was at Fox Bay (see ) from 15 to 17 August. She finally left Stanley on 27 August 1982, calling at Ascension Island on 9 September 1982, disembarking an advance leave party to fly home ahead of the ship.

HMS Hydra was the last unit of the original Operation Corporate Task Force to return to the UK, arriving to an extraordinary welcome in Portsmouth on 24 September 1982; the Hydrographer of the Navy, Rear-Admiral David Haslam, embarked for the passage from Spithead, his flag flying from the ship's HiFix mast so as not to displace the Red Cross flag from the mainmast; also notable was the salute paid to HMS Hydra by the NATO Commander, COMSTRIKFLTLANT, Vice-Admiral James A Lyons Jr of the United States Navy, and the ship's company of his flagship,  (see ), lining the deck. The American ship was on a routine visit to Portsmouth; his flagship saluting the junior ship in a signal tribute to her war service, rather than HMS Hydra saluting his senior flag as would be the normal maritime custom (both salutes being made using a Boatswain's call).

HMS Hydra was then converted back to her survey fleet role and resumed surveys in UK waters later in the year. Meanwhile, the ship's company went on leave, many having been away from home waters for eleven of the past twelve months.

United Kingdom waters 1982–1983
HMS Hydra, freshly painted in her survey livery and with a large number of new faces among her 120 men, sailed Portsmouth on 25 November 1982 for surveys in the Western Approaches. At first it was too rough to start surveying, so the ship anchored off Scalasaig, Colonsay, on 28 November and weighed anchor to resume surveying the next day; after calibration of the Hyperfix chain being used for positional control, the sonar sweep and sounding began.

She broke off surveying and set passage to Greenock on 5 December, arriving alongside Greenock Pier the next day. She sailed out of the River Clyde on 8 December, and was east of Jura the following day, having resumed surveys. She broke off surveying on 13 December and sailed south for Portsmouth, securing outboard of the   on 16 December 1982, before granting Christmas leave to the majority of the ship's company. Despite the interruptions due to bad weather,  of surveying were completed in the three weeks on task.

She sailed Portsmouth five days into the New Year and arrived on the survey ground, off the west coast of Scotland, on 7 January 1983, but surveying proved difficult owing to rough weather; the survey area was about  north of the aptly named Bloody Foreland in the northwest of Ireland. She was off Jura on 8 January and made passage through the Sound of Islay on 10 January. She broke off surveying on 13 January and set passage to the River Clyde, arriving alongside Greenock Pier a day later, sailing again for the survey ground on 17 January.

She passed round the Mull of Kintyre to the Sound of Jura on 18 January and resumed surveys the next day. Very rough weather forced the ship to shelter behind the island of Inishtrahull on 20 January, so little progress had been made before she broke off from surveys and sailed for Belgium on 26 January. She was on passage through the Irish Sea the next day and arrived alongside in Antwerp on 31 January for a four-day visit. She arrived back in Portsmouth, her home port, on 5 February 1983 for a scheduled docking and repairs to defects. She moved into dry dock, and was docked down from 15–23 February, the dock being flooded up on 24 February.

HMS Hydra returned to sea on Monday 25 April 1983, for a brief trials and shakedown cruise prior to a week's Safety Operational Sea Training (SOST) at the Portland Naval Base, from 17–25 May. On completion of SOST, specialist equipment and trials personnel were embarked from the Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment (AUWE), Portland, for a two-month  oceanographic trials cruise, in the Rockall Trench area and off Bear Island (Norway). The prototype Depth Analysis System developed at the Admiralty Compass Observatory was installed on the bridge, and trials staff embarked to conduct a short trial while on passage to Scotland. Visits were made to Trondheim and Lorient before the ship returned to her new base port of Devonport at the end of July 1983.

In early September 1983, HMS Hydra returned to Scottish waters and began surveys to the west of the Outer Hebrides for a proposed deep draught shipping route. The ship returned to Devonport on 21 October to prepare for a deployment to the Indian Ocean.

Final years - 1984–1986
HMS Hydra sailed on 14 November 1983 via Gibraltar, Naples and the Suez Canal for her first survey off the north coast of Oman. Christmas 1983 was spent at Dubai.  of surveys were completed before the ship broke off for passage to Mombasa for a period of assisted maintenance. Boat surveys of Mombasa harbour were carried out. Sailing north to the Red Sea, a brief call was made at Hodeida, in the Yemen Arab Republic, before passage north to the Suez Canal and through to the Mediterranean Sea. A visit was made to Haifa and then the ship called at Gibraltar before conducting a short examination of the Chaucer Bank before returning to Devonport in mid-April 1984. The remainder of 1984 was spent surveying between St Kilda and Barra, off the west coast of Scotland, with a short period on oceanographic work in northern waters. A detached party carried out a boat survey of Loch Melfort.

She spent the early part of 1985 continuing a survey of the Sea of the Hebrides. On 10 September 1985 she sailed from Devonport to continue surveys in Kenyan waters, which she had started in 1984, and this work continued until January 1986. In mid-January she was ordered to proceed to assist with the evacuation of expatriates from the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. She assisted  with the evacuation of 49 civilians before being released for the homeward passage to the United Kingdom. She arrived in Devonport on 27 February 1986 wearing her paying-off pennant. She was decommissioned and put on the disposal list on 31 March 1986.

Honours
HMS Hydra added a seventh Battle Honour – South Atlantic 1982 – to her name. From September 1981, her ship's company of 120 changed little for a year, notably the addition of wartime medical staff in April 1982. All the ship's company involved in Operation Corporate in 1982 were awarded the South Atlantic Medal, with rosette, engraved with their rank, name and ship's name.