Web colors

Web colors are colors used in displaying web pages on the World Wide Web, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors. Colors may be specified as an RGB triplet or in hexadecimal format (a hex triplet) or according to their common English names in some cases. A color tool or other graphics software is often used to generate color values. In some uses, hexadecimal color codes are specified with notation using a leading number sign (#). A color is specified according to the intensity of its red, green and blue components, each represented by eight bits. Thus, there are 24 bits used to specify a web color within the sRGB gamut, and 16,777,216 colors that may be so specified.

Colors outside the sRGB gamut can be specified in Cascading Style Sheets by making one or more of the red, green and blue components negative or greater than 100%, so the color space is theoretically an unbounded extrapolation of sRGB similar to scRGB. Specifying a non-sRGB color this way requires the RGB() function call; it is impossible with the hexadecimal syntax (and thus impossible in legacy HTML documents that do not use CSS).

The first versions of Mosaic and Netscape Navigator used the X11 color names as the basis for their color lists, as both started as X Window System applications.
Web colors have an unambiguous colorimetric definition, sRGB, which relates the chromaticities of a particular phosphor set, a given transfer curve, adaptive whitepoint, and viewing conditions. These have been chosen to be similar to many real-world monitors and viewing conditions, in order to allow rendering to be fairly close to the specified values even without color management. User agents vary in the fidelity with which they represent the specified colors. More advanced user agents use color management to provide better color fidelity; this is particularly important for Web-to-print applications.

Hex triplet
A hex triplet is a six-digit, three-byte hexadecimal number used in HTML, CSS, SVG, and other computing applications to represent colors. The bytes represent the red, green and blue components of the color. One byte represents a number in the range 00 to FF (in hexadecimal notation), or 0 to 255 in decimal notation. This represents the least (0) to the most (255) intensity of each of the color components. Thus web colors specify colors in the 24-bit RGB color scheme. The hex triplet is formed by concatenating three bytes in hexadecimal notation, in the following order:
Byte 1: red value (color type red)
Byte 2: green value (color type green)
Byte 3: blue value (color type blue)
For example, consider the color where the red/green/blue values are decimal numbers: red=36, green=104, blue=160 (a grayish-blue color). The decimal numbers 36, 104 and 160 are equivalent to the hexadecimal numbers 24, 68 and A0 respectively. The hex triplet is obtained by concatenating the six hexadecimal digits together, 2468A0 in this example.

If any one of the three color values is less than 10 hex (16 decimal), it must be represented with a leading zero so that the triplet always has exactly six digits. For example, the decimal triplet 4, 8, 16 would be represented by the hex digits 04, 08, 10, forming the hex triplet 040810.

The number of colors that can be represented by this system is 166 or 2563 or 224 = 16,777,216.

Shorthand hexadecimal form
An abbreviated, three (hexadecimal)-digit form is used. Expanding this form to the six-digit form is as simple as doubling each digit: 09C becomes 0099CC as presented on the following CSS example:

.threedigit { color: #09C;    }
.sixdigit   { color: #0099CC; } /* same color as above */

This shorthand form reduces the palette to 4,096 colors, equivalent of 12-bit color as opposed to 24-bit color using the whole six-digit form (16,777,216 colors), this limitation is sufficient for many text based documents.

Converting RGB to hexadecimal

RGB values are usually given in the 0–255 range; if they are in the 0–1 range, the values are multiplied by 255 before conversion. This number divided by sixteen (integer division; ignoring any remainder) gives the first hexadecimal digit (between 0 and F, where the letters A to F represent the numbers 10 to 15. See hexadecimal for more details). The remainder gives the second hexadecimal digit. For instance the RGB value 201 divides into 12 groups of 16, thus the first digit is C. A remainder of nine gives the hexadecimal number C9. This process is repeated for each of the three color values.

Conversion between number bases is a common feature of calculators, including both hand-held models and the software calculators bundled with most modern operating systems. Web-based tools specifically for converting color values are also available.

HTML color names
The HTML 4.01 specification, ratified in 1999, defines 16 named colors, as follows (names are defined in this context to be case-insensitive):

These 16 were labelled as sRGB and included in the HTML 3.0 specification, which noted they were "the standard 16 colors supported with the Windows VGA palette."

X11 color names

A number of colors are defined by web browsers. A particular browser may not recognize all of these colors, but as of 2005, all modern, general-use, graphical browsers support the full list of colors. Many of these colors are from the list of X11 color names distributed with the X Window System. These colors were standardized by SVG 1.0, and are accepted by SVG Full user agents. They are not part of SVG Tiny.

The list of colors shipped with the X11 product varies between implementations and clashes with certain of the HTML names such as green. X11 colors are defined as simple RGB (hence, no particular color space), rather than sRGB. This means that the list of colors found in X11 (e.g., in /usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt) should not directly be used to choose colors for the web.

The list of web "X11 colors" from the CSS3 specification, along with their hexadecimal and decimal equivalents, is shown below. Compare the alphabetical lists in the W3C standards. This includes the common synonyms: aqua (HTML4/CSS 1.0 standard name) and cyan (common sRGB name), magenta (common sRGB name) and fuchsia (HTML4/CSS 1.0 standard name), gray (HTML4/CSS 1.0 standard name) and grey.

Web-safe colors

In the mid-90s, many displays were only capable of displaying 256 colors. These may be dictated by the hardware or changeable by a "color table". When a color is found (e.g., in an image) that is not one available, a different one had to be used. This can be done by either using the closest color, or by using dithering.

There were various attempts to make a "standard" color palette. A set of colors was needed that could be shown without dithering on 256-color displays; the number 216 was chosen partly because computer operating systems customarily reserved sixteen to twenty colors for their own use; it was also selected because it allows exactly six equally spaced shades of red, green, and blue (6 × 6 × 6 = 216), each from 00 to FF (including both limits).

The list of colors is presented as if it had special properties that render them immune to dithering, but on 256-color displays applications can actually set a palette of any selection of colors that they choose, dithering the rest. These colors were chosen specifically because they matched the palettes selected by various browser applications. There were not very different palettes in use in different browsers.

"Web-safe" colors had a flaw in that, on systems such as X11 where the palette is shared between applications, smaller color cubes (5×5×5 or 4×4×4) were allocated by browsers—the "web safe" colors would dither on such systems. Different results were obtained by providing an image with a larger range of colors and allowing the browser to quantize the color space if needed, rather than suffer the quality loss of a double quantization.

, personal computers typically have 24-bit (TrueColor) and the use of "web-safe" colors has fallen into practical disuse.

The "web-safe" colors do not all have standard names, but each can be specified by an RGB triplet: each component (red, green, and blue) takes one of the six values from the following table (out of the 256 possible values available for each component in full 24-bit color).

The following table shows all of the "web-safe" colors. One shortcoming of the web-safe palette is its small range of light colors for webpage backgrounds, whereas the intensities at the low end of the range, such as the two darkest, are similar to each other, making them hard to distinguish.

Color table

Safest web colors
Designers were encouraged to stick to these 216 "web-safe" colors in their websites because there were a lot of 8-bit color displays when the 216-color palette was developed. David Lehn and Hadley Stern discovered that only 22 of the 216 colors in the web-safe palette are reliably displayed without inconsistent remapping on 16-bit computer displays. They called these 22 colors "the reallysafe palette"; it consists largely of shades of green, yellow, and blue, as can be seen in the table below.

CSS colors
The Cascading Style Sheets specification defines the same number of named colors as the HTML 4 spec, namely the 16 html colors, and 124 colors from the Netscape X11 color list for a total of 140 names that were recognized by Internet Explorer (IE) 3.0 and Netscape Navigator 3.0. Blooberry.com notes that Opera 2.1 and Safari 1 also included Netscape's expanded list of 140 color names, but later discovered 14 names not included with Opera 3.5 on Windows 98.

In CSS 2.1, the color 'orange' (one of the 140) was added to the section with the 16 HTML4 colors as a 17th color. The CSS3.0 specification did not include orange in the "HTML4 color keywords" section, which was renamed as "Basic color keywords". In the same reference, the "SVG color keywords" section, was renamed "Extended color keywords", after starting out as "X11 color keywords" in an earlier working draft. The working draft for the CSS4 color module combines the Basic and Extended sections together in a simple "Named Colors" section.

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CSS 2, SVG and CSS 2.1 allow web authors to use system colors, which are color names whose values are taken from the operating system, picking the operating system's highlighted text color, or the background color for tooltip controls. This enables web authors to style their content in line with the operating system of the user agent. The CSS3 color module has deprecated the use of system colors in favor of CSS3 UI System Appearance property, which itself was subsequently dropped from CSS3.

The developing CSS3 specification also introduces HSL color space values to style sheets:
 /* RGB model */
 p { color: #F00 } /* #rgb */
 p { color: #FF0000 } /* #rrggbb */
 p { color: rgb(255, 0, 0) } /* integer range 0 - 255 */
 p { color: rgb(100%, 0%, 0%) } /* float range 0.0% - 100.0% */

 /* RGB with alpha channel, added to CSS3 */
 p { color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.5) } /* 0.5 opacity, semi-transparent */

 /* HSL model, added to CSS3 */
 p { color: hsl(0, 100%, 50%) } /* red */
 p { color: hsl(120, 100%, 50%) } /* green */
 p { color: hsl(120, 100%, 25%) } /* dark green */
 p { color: hsl(120, 100%, 75%) } /* light green */
 p { color: hsl(120, 50%, 50%) } /* pastel green */

 /* HSL model with alpha channel */
 p { color: hsla(120, 100%, 50%, 1) } /* green */
 p { color: hsla(120, 100%, 50%, 0.5) } /* semi-transparent green */
 p { color: hsla(120, 100%, 50%, 0.1) } /* very transparent green */

On 21 June 2014, the CSS WG added the color RebeccaPurple to the Editor's Draft of the CSS4 Colors module, to commemorate Eric Meyer's daughter Rebecca who died on 7 June 2014, her sixth birthday.

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CSS also supports the special color transparent, which represents an alpha value of zero; by default, transparent is rendered as an invisible nominal black: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0).

Accessibility

Color selection
Some browsers and devices do not support colors. For these displays, or for blind and colorblind users, Web content depending on colors can be unusable or difficult to use.

Either no colors should be specified (to invoke the browser's default colors), or both the background and all foreground colors (such as the colors of plain text, unvisited links, hovered links, active links, and visited links) should be specified to avoid black on black or white on white effects.

Color contrast
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines recommend a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 between the relative luminance of text and its background color or at least 3:1 for large text.  Enhanced accessibility requires contrast ratios greater than 7:1.

However, addressing accessibility concerns is not simply a matter of increasing the contrast ratio.  As a report to the Web Accessibility Initiative indicates, dyslexic readers are better served by contrast ratios below the maximum.  The recommendations they refer to of off-black (0x0A0A0A) on off-white (0xFFFFE5) and black (0x000000) on creme (0xFAFAC8) have contrast ratios of 11.7:1 and 20.3:1 respectively.  Among their other color pairs, brown (0x282800) on dark green (0xA0A000) has a contrast ratio of 3.24:1, which is less than the WCAG recommendation, dark brown (0x1E1E00) on light green (0xB9B900) has a contrast ratio of 4.54:1 and blue (0x00007D) on yellow (0xFFFF00) has a contrast ratio of 11.4:1.  Notice that the colors named in the report use different color values than the web colors of the same name.


Frigate Range

The Frigate Range () is a high mountain range extending  east from Mount Markham in the Queen Elizabeth Range of Antarctica. It was named by the northern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (1961–62) to commemorate the work of the New Zealand frigates on Antarctic patrol duties.


OmniGuide

OmniGuide, Inc. is a private medical device company developing and commercializing  minimally-invasive surgical tools. Founded in 2000, OmniGuide's manufacturing facilities and executive offices are located in Lexington, Massachusetts, USA.  The Company’s manufacturing plant, located at OmniGuide’s headquarters in Lexington, Massachusetts, has manufacturing processes that are capable of manufacturing fibers with semiconductor level tolerances and microscopic layers in a scalable manner.

Technology
The technology is based on the revolutionary photonic bandgap fiber invented at MIT, published in Nature and Science and subsequently licensed exclusively to the company. The first flexible fiber-optic surgical scalpel capable of delivering CO2 laser light has been developed using this technology.


Agnar Höskuldsson

Dr. Agnar Höskuldsson (born 1939) is a Danish scientist who specializes in the field of chemometrics. He was formerly an associate professor at the Technical University of Denmark. He was awarded the Herman Wold gold medal for his contribution to chemometrics in 1997  and over the span of his career he has published over 30 scientific papers and is credited with over 2000 scientific citations.

Biography

Originally from Iceland, Höskuldsson moved to Denmark in 1960 to study applied mathematics at the University of Copenhagen. After completing his Master of Science in 1966 he joined Copenhagen Business School where he was awarded a PhD in applied production technology.

Career

In 1975 Höskuldsson started working at The Regional Computing Centre at Technical University of Denmark as a computer specialist in statistics and production technology. Then, in 1987, he was appointed as an associate professor at Technical University of Denmark. During his professorship he successfully showed that the PLS (Partial Least Squares) algorithm can be a principle in any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle known as complementary variables can be known simultaneously. In 1927 Werner Heisenberg stated that the more precisely the position of a particle is determined, the less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice versa. Based on this theory, Höskuldsson’s H-Principle finds a solution in a stepwise way which viewed as maximizing the co-variance between two data sets. Demonstrating that PLS regression is of a similar kind to the well-known canonical correlation in multivariate statistics.

In 1996 he published "Prediction Methods in Science and Technology", a review of latent structure regression, including PLS regression.

The following year Höskuldsson received the Herman Wold gold medal from the Swedish Chemical Society at the Scandinavian Symposium on Chemometrics as recognition of his contributions and pioneering work in the field of chemometrics.

In 2008 Höskuldsson founded SIME Diagnostics, a company focused on digitising healthcare diagnostics and is his current employment.

The H-Principle of applied mathematics

Developed by Agnar Höskuldsson, 'The H-Principle', is a new foundation for obtaining solutions to mathematical methods where the data is uncertain. The uncertainty approach each step is an optimal balance, which is determined between the improvement in the mathematical criterion and the associated precision.

The H-principle has been extended to many areas of applied mathematics due to its flexible and adaptable nature. Making it possible for it to be a common framework for numerical computations of methods in applied mathematics, which use linear algebra and where data are uncertain.


Mokra, Łódź Voivodeship

Mokra  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Skierniewice, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately  north-west of Skierniewice and  north-east of the regional capital Łódź.

The village has a population of 149.


Thomas Sheppard (curator)

Thomas Sheppard (2 October 1876 – 18 February 1945) was a British museum curator and amateur geologist, who founded several museums in Kingston upon Hull and in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England.

Biography
Sheppard was born in South Ferriby, one of ten children of Harvey, schoolmaster and Myra (née Havercroft). His childhood included holidays spent with his uncle who was a collector of antiquities and fossils. He also accompanied William Greenwell on archaeological digs whilst still at school. Thomas was educated to elementary level in Hull. He worked as a railway clerk in Hull for 11 years, during which time he was self-educated, also attending classes in microscopy and preservation of specimens, natural history topics and geology.

Sheppard's employment by the railway (North Eastern Railway) gave him free travel on the company's lines, enabling him to visit sites of interest in the East Riding. Sheppard became acquainted with John Robert Mortimer, and in 1900 produced a catalogue of Mortimer's Driffield museum.

In 1901 he married Mary Isobel Osborn (b.1877), a son Harvey was born 1902.

In 1904 he became the first curator of the Hull Municipal Museum at the Royal Institution in Albion Street, Hull, which was based on the collection of the Hull Literary & Philosophical Society (founded 1822) which had been acquired by Hull Corporation. Sheppard closed the museum and refurbished it, re-opening it in 1902 without admission charges.

The museum was popular, with over 2000 visitors a week. Sheppard's character, coupled with the support of influential people led to the opening of further museums. Wilberforce House was opened in 1906, the Pickering Park Museum of Fisheries and Shipping (1912), the Commerce and Transport Museum (1925), the Easington Tithe Barn museum (1928), the Mortimer Museum (1929), and a Railway Museum in 1933. An 'Old Times Street' museum was also under development but destroyed before opening during the Second World War.

Sheppard's interests also extended to other fields including amateur dramatics, literary societies and geology.

Sheppard's health declined in the 1930s, and he gave up some honorary positions; he was noted as liking cigars and as having a love of whisky, possibly an alcoholic. He separated from his wife Mary Isobel in the early 1930s.

He retired in 1941, and died at home, four years later.

Legacy
The Wilberforce Museum, recalling the slave trade and abolitionists still exists, located at Wilberforce House; the "Pickering Park Museum of Fisheries and Shipping" collection moved to the Dock Office building in 1974, and now forms part of the Hull Maritime Museum; the "Museum of Commerce and Transport" collection now is part of the Streetlife Museum of Transport; the Mortimer Museum collection is part of the Hull and East Riding Museum.

Several of the Hull museums were badly damaged during the Hull Blitz of the Second World War. The Railway museum, and the un-opened 'Old Times Street' museum were destroyed, and the Municipal Museum building was gutted by fire.

Sheppard published numerous books and papers; primarily histories, catalogues, and introductory geological works; as well as many Hull museum publications. He was awarded several honorary life memberships  and other honours including a  Lyell Award from the London Geological Society. A partial list is given in

Sheppard has been described as a humorous individual, 'portly and jovial' in later years; a workaholic; with a good sense of self publicity and unscrupulous when collecting in the interests of his museums; occasionally arrogant and opinionated. A conflict with the Morfitt family of Atwick probably led him to wrongly label bone points collected in Holderness as fakes.

Notes


Adams Grove, Virginia

Adams Grove is an unincorporated community in western Southampton County, Virginia, United States, off Route 615. It lies at an elevation of 89 feet (27 m).  Its ZIP code is 23844.

The Norfolk, Franklin and Danville Railway runs through the hamlet.


Uyghur Arabic alphabet

The Uyghur Perso-Arabic alphabet () is an Arabic alphabet used for writing the Uyghur language, primarily by Uyghurs living in China. It is one of several Uyghur alphabets and has been the official alphabet of the Uyghur language since 1982.

The first Perso-Arabic derived alphabet for Uyghur was developed in the 10th century, when Islam was introduced there. The version used for writing the Chagatai language. It became the regional literary language, now known as the Chagatay alphabet. It was used nearly exclusively up to the early 1920s. Alternative Uyghur scripts then began emerging and collectively largely displaced Chagatai; Kona Yëziq, meaning "old script", now distinguishes it and UEY from the alternatives that are not derived from Arabic. Between 1937 and 1954, the Perso-Arabic alphabet used to write Uyghur was modified by removing redundant letters and adding markings for vowels. A Cyrillic alphabet was adopted in the 1950s and a Latin alphabet in 1958. The modern Uyghur Perso-Arabic alphabet was made official in 1978 and reinstituted by the Chinese government in 1983, with modifications for representing Uyghur vowels.

The Arabic alphabet used before the modifications (Kona Yëziq) did not represent Uyghur vowels and according to Robert Barkley Shaw, spelling was irregular and long vowel letters were frequently written for short vowels since most Turki speakers were unsure of the difference between long and short vowels. The pre-modification alphabet used Arabic diacritics (zabar, zer and pesh) to mark short vowels.

Robert Shaw wrote that Turki writers either "inserted or omitted" the letters for the long vowels ا ,و and ي at their own fancy so multiple spellings of the same word could occur and the ة was used to represent a short a by some Turki writers.

The reformed modern Uyghur Arabic alphabet eliminated letters whose sounds were found only in Arabic and spelled Arabic and Persian loanwords such as Islamic religious words, as they were pronounced in Uyghur and not as they were originally spelled in Arabic or Persian.

Several of these alternatives were influenced by security-policy considerations of the Soviet Union or the People's Republic of China. (Soviet Uyghur areas experienced several non-Arabic alphabets and the former CIS countries, especially Kazakhstan, now use primarily a Cyrillic-based alphabet, called Uyghur Siril Yëziqi.)

A Pinyin-derived Latin-based alphabet (with additional letters borrowed from Cyrillic), then called “New script” or Uyghur Yëngi Yëziq or UYY, was for a time the only officially approved alphabet used for Uyghur in Xinjiang. It had technical shortcomings and met social resistance; Uyghur Ereb Yëziqi (UEY), an expansion of the old Chagatai alphabet based on the Arabic script, is now recognized, along with a newer Latin-based alphabet called Uyghur Latin Yëziqi or ULY, replacing the former Pinyin-derived alphabet; UEY is sometimes intended when the term "Kona Yëziq" is used.

Old alphabet compared to modern


Mogens Therkildsen

Mogens Therkildsen (born 15 March 1940) is a Danish footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1972 Summer Olympics.


Hear (Diesel album)

Hear is a 2002 studio album released by American-born, Australian-based hard rocker, Diesel. It was nominated for Best Independent Release at the ARIA Music Awards of 2003, but lost to Up All Night by the Waifs.

Track listing

All tracks written by Diesel (a.k.a. Mark Lizotte) except where noted.
 "Angel Face" – 3:09
 "Faith and Gasoline" – 3:40
 "Getta Kick" (Diesel, Guy Davies) – 3:55
 "She's High" – 3:27
 "Brighter than the Sun" (Diesel, Davies) – 4:18
 "Battleworn" – 4:15
 "Don't Send Another" (Diesel, G. Wattenberg) – 2:26
 "I'm Here" (Diesel, Lee Moloney, Richie Vez, Rob Woolf) – 4:45
 "On Your Sand" (Diesel, Moloney, Vez, Woolf) – 3:50
 "Lotion" (Diesel, Davies) – 4:17
 "The Embers" – 3:27
 "I Wanna Fly" – 3:54

Personnel

 Diesel – vocals, guitar, cello and bass (tracks 3, 5, 12)
 Lee Moloney – drums, percussion
 Richie Vez – bass guitar
 Rob Woolf – keyboards, backing vocals (track 8)

Additional musicians
 Guy Davies – keyboards and programming (tracks 3, 5), backing vocals (track 3)
 Gary Pinto – backing vocals (track 2)

Graphics
 Design, layout – artofthestate.com.au
 Photography – Tracy Stevenson

Recording details
 Producer – Diesel and Craig Porteils (except track 3), Diesel, Porteils and Guy Davies (track 3); at Eargasm and Studios 301, Sydney
 Mixer – Craig Porteils at Studios 301
 Mastering – Leon Zervos at Masterdisk, NYC
 Assistant engineer – Nick Cervanaro

External links


Sheree Fitch

Sheree Fitch (born 3 December 1956) is a Canadian author and literacy advocate. Known primarily for her children's books, she has also published poetry and fiction for adults.

Biography

Sheree Fitch was born on 3 December 1956 in Ottawa, Ontario, where her father was serving with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Her father was originally from Nova Scotia, and her mother was from Sussex, New Brunswick. Sheree is the eldest of three children. When she was less than a year old, the family moved to Miramichi, New Brunswick. Three years later they moved to Moncton, where they lived for ten years, and then to Fredericton. Sheree Fitch graduated from Fredericton High School in 1974 as her class's valedictorian. She married while still in her teens and had two sons, whom she raised as a single parent after divorcing at the age of 24.

Sheree Fitch attended St. Thomas University in Fredericton as a mature student and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English in 1987.  She earned a Master of Arts in English from Acadia University in 1994. Her MA thesis was entitled  "The Sweet Chorus of Ha, Ha, He!" Polyphony in utterature: A collection of writings on children's poetry. In it she coined the term "utterature" to refer to "all literature which depends upon the oral tradition and community of listeners".

In the 1990s Sheree Fitch was based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, where her second husband Gilles Plante worked for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. In 2001 he was transferred to Washington, D.C., and she spent almost 10 years there. Sheree Fitch and her husband now live in River John, Nova Scotia.

Writing for children

Sheree Fitch is best known as the author of children's poetry books characterized by "exuberant wordplay and humour".  She began writing poems for her own young sons, and took creative writing courses to develop her skills. She performed her poems at schools and libraries for several years before her first book, Toes in My Nose, with illustrations by Molly Bobak, was published in 1987. Her second book, Sleeping Dragons All Around, was published in 1989 and won that year's Atlantic Booksellers' Choice Award. Its title comes from a line in the poem The Eve of St. Agnes, by John Keats.

During the 1990s Doubleday Canada published several of Sheree Fitch's books of children's poetry, a number of which won awards. In 1992 There Were Monkeys in My Kitchen won the Canadian Children's Book Centre's Mr. Christie's Book Award for a book for children eight years and under. Her 1995 book Mabel Murple won the Ann Connor Brimer Award, and in 2000 she was awarded the Vicky Metcalf Award for Literature for Young People, which is presented to a Canadian author for a "body of work (at least four books) that, in the opinion of the judges, demonstrates the highest literary standards". If You Could Wear My Sneakers: A Book about Children's Rights, which was published in 1998, was commissioned by UNICEF. Its 15 poems are based on some of the articles of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, including the rights to education, privacy, free speech and protection from war. Canadian journalist and broadcaster Peter Gzowski wrote the foreword for the book, which won the Ontario Library Association's Silver Birch Award and the Atlantic Canadian Hackmatack Children's Choice Award.

In the 2000s Sheree Fitch continued to publish books for young children, including her first board book, Kisses Kisses Baby-O, which was presented to the families of all babies born in Nova Scotia in 2008 as part of a family literacy program. She also expanded her range to the young adult fiction audience with her 2002 novel One More Step, followed by The Gravesavers in 2005.

In addition to poetry and novels, Sheree Fitch has written two non-fiction books for children who are aspiring writers: Breathe, Stretch, Write: Learning to Write with Everything You've Got, and Writing Maniac: How I Grew up to be a Writer (And You Can Too).

Writing for adults

In 1993 Sheree Fitch's book of poetry for adults, In This House are Many Women, was published. It deals with serious issues in the lives of working-class women. The title refers to a sequence of poems set in a shelter for women escaping domestic violence. The author identifies strongly with the women in her poems, who are presented as survivors. Like her work for children, the adult poems play with words, but the material is darker, as in "Civil Servant", in which a receptionist in an unemployment office imagines herself as Saint Peter at the Pearly gates, asking her clients "Can I have your sin?" (i.e. Social Insurance Number).  An expanded edition of In This House are Many Women was published in 2004.

Sheree Fitch's first novel for adults, Kiss the Joy as it Flies, was published in 2008. The heroine is a single parent and a writer with "realistic financial and familial problems, who experiences dark times without losing her playfulness and humour". Kiss the Joy as it Flies was shortlisted for the 2009 Stephen Leacock Memorial Medal for Humour.

Literacy advocacy and honours

Sheree Fitch is active in the promotion of literacy, both through her writing and performing for children, and through her support of literacy organizations. In the 1990s she was a frequent guest and member of a discussion panel on Peter Gzowski's Morningside radio program on CBC Radio One. As a result, she became involved in the Peter Gzowski Invitational (PGI) golf tournaments, which raise funds for literacy organizations. She has often acted as the PGI tournament's poet laureate, including several times when the event was held in the Arctic.

She is the Honorary Patron of the Literacy Coalition of New Brunswick (LCNB). The LCNB's Sheree Fitch Adult Learner Scholarship Awards, which are awarded annually, honour her commitment to the cause of literacy. She is also Honorary Spokesperson for the Nova Scotia Read to Me program. She sponsors the annual Sheree Fitch Prize for Young Writers awarded by the Writers' Federation of New Brunswick to a writer between 14 and 18 years old.

Sheree Fitch was granted an honorary Doctor of Letters degree by Saint Mary's University in Halifax in May 1998. In May 2004 she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters degree by Acadia University. St. Thomas University awarded her an honorary doctorate in May 2010, citing her contributions as an author, educator, and "tireless advocate for literacy".

Bibliography

For children
Toes in My Nose and Other Poems. Illustrated by Molly Bobak. Toronto, Doubleday, 1987.
Sleeping Dragons All Around. Illustrated by Michelle Nidenoff. Toronto, Doubleday, 1989.
Merry-Go-Day. Illustrated by Molly Bobak. Toronto, Doubleday, 1991.
There Were Monkeys in My Kitchen. Illustrated by Marc Mongeau. Toronto, Doubleday, 1992.
I Am Small. Illustrated by Kim LaFave. Toronto, Doubleday, 1994.
Mabel Murple. Illustrated by Maryann Kovalski. Toronto, Doubleday, 1995.
If You Could Wear My Sneakers. Illustrated by Darcia Labrosse. Toronto, Doubleday, 1997.
The Hullabaloo Bugaboo Day. Illustrated by Jill Quinn. East Lawrencetown, Nova Scotia, Pottersfield Press, 1997.
There's A Mouse In My House!. Illustrated by Leslie E. Watts. Toronto, Doubleday, 1998.
If I Were The Moon. Illustrated by Leslie E. Watts. Toronto, Doubleday, 1999.
The Other Author, Arthur. Illustrated by Jill Quinn. East Lawrencetown, Nova Scotia, Pottersfield Press, 1999.
Everybody's Different on Everybody Street. Illustrated by Laura Jolicoeur. Halifax, Nova Scotia Hospital Foundation. 2001.
No Two Snowflakes. Illustrated by Janet Wilson. Victoria, B.C., Orca, 2001.
Persnickety Pete (The Cleanest Boy in the World). Illustrated by Jane Wallace-Mitchell. Melbourne, Pearson Education Australia, 2003.
Pocket Rocks. Illustrated by Helen Flook. Victoria, B.C., Orca, 2004.
Peek-a-Little Boo. Illustrated by Laura Watson. Victoria, B.C., Orca, 2005.
If I Had A Million Onions. Illustrated by Yayo. Vancouver, Tradewind Books, 2005.
Kisses Kisses Baby-O!. Illustrated by Hilda Rose. Halifax, Nimbus, 2008.
Night Sky Wheel Ride. Illustrated by Yayo. Vancouver, Tradewind Books, 2013.

For young adults
One More Step. Victoria, B.C., Orca, 2002.
The Gravesavers. Toronto, Doubleday, 2005.
Pluto's Ghost. Toronto, Doubleday, 2010.
I Died on a Hot June Day. Halifax, Fierce Ink Press, 2013. E-book

For adults
In This House There Are Many Women, and Other Poems. Fredericton, N.B., Goose Lane, 2004.
Kiss The Joy As It Flies. Halifax, Nimbus, 2008.

Educational
Writing Maniac: How I Grew Up to Be a Writer (And You Can, Too!). Markham, Ontario, Pembroke Publishers, 2000.
The Poetry Experience: Choosing and Using Poetry in the Classroom . Sheree Fitch and Larry Swartz. Markham, Ontario, Pembroke Publishers, 2008.
Breathe, Stretch, Write: Learning to Write with Everything You've Got. Markham, Ontario, Pembroke Publishers, 2011.


Wólka Podlesie

Wólka Podlesie  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lipce Reymontowskie, within Skierniewice County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Lipce Reymontowskie,  south-west of Skierniewice, and  east of the regional capital Łódź.


Population statistics for Israeli settlements in the West Bank

The population statistics for Israeli settlements in the West Bank are collected by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. As such, the data contains only population of settlements recognized by the Israeli authorities. Israeli outposts are not tracked, and their population is hard to establish. In addition to these, Nahal settlements are formally considered military outposts, and their population is counted, but not reported. Once a Nahal settlement becomes a civilian locality, it starts to be reported.

While all settlements in the West Bank were advised by the International Court of Justice to be unlawful in 2004, the construction of the West Bank Barrier keeps a significant number of settlements behind it. The largest settlements left beyond the barrier includes Kiryat Arba (population 7,593 in 2012), Kokhav Ya'akov (6,476), Beit El (5,897), Geva Binyamin (4,674), Eli, Mateh Binyamin (3,521), Ofra (3,489), Talmon (3,202), Shilo, Mateh Binyamin (2,706), Tekoa, Gush Etzion (2,518), and Mitzpe Yeriho (2,115). The total number of settlers east of the barrier lines in 2012 was at least 67,702, plus 11,528 in the Jordan Valley. By comparison, the number of Gaza Strip settlers in 2005 who refused to move voluntarily and be compensated, and that were forcibly evicted during the Israeli disengagement from Gaza was around 9,000. The total population of all settlements in the West Bank was nearly 400,000 in 2014, excluding East Jerusalem.

Statistics

Unreported Nahal settlements:
 Elisha (population of 753 in 2000)
 Gvaot (population of 44 in 2003)

Localities of unknown status:
 Bitronot
 Doran
 Ein Hogla
 Mahane Giv'on

Other localities:
 Shvut Rachel (est. 1991) – an independently governed settlement which is formally designated as a neighborhood of Shilo. As such, its population is counted within Shilo.


Nick Pigott

Nicholas Hugh "Nick" Pigott (born 1951) was the editor of The Railway Magazine, Britain's best-selling rail title between 1994 and 2015. After stepping down, he took on the position as the magazine's Consultant Editor. He previously worked in Fleet Street as a journalist for the Daily Express.

Biography
Pigott was born in 1951 at Barnby Moor, Nottinghamshire. and educated at Bromsgrove School.

He trained on the Lincolnshire Standard, Nottingham Evening Post and Birmingham Post  before joining the Daily Express in 1975 and, after 12 years in Fleet Street, entered railway journalism. He was Editor of Steam Railway magazine, a post held for four years, and then launch editor of Traction magazine, before moving to be editor of The Railway Magazine in August 1994.

In 2002, he was voted IPC Media's Specialist Writer of the Year and in 2008 was shortlisted in the national Editor of the Year awards held by the British Society of Magazine Editors. On 22 March 2007, The Railway Magazine won the top prize at IPC Media's Editorial Awards ceremony. Competition for this award was limited to specialist titles within IPC Media selling up to 40,000 copies per month. One week later, 29 March 2007, the magazine's marketforce team won the Gold Cup awarded by the Association of Circulation Executives.

The Railway Magazine and Steam Railway
The Railway Magazine was a long-running monthly railway magazine dating back to July 1897, but in 1988, whilst under the Editorship of John N. Slater (1970–1989), lost its position as "best-selling rail title". That went to a younger competitor, Steam Railway magazine, which had been founded nine years earlier under the launch Editor David Wilcock. Wilcock was followed as Editor by Nick Pigott. By the early 1990s Steam Railway was outselling The Railway Magazine by upwards of 10,000 copies per month. Slater's successor Peter Kelly (1989–1994) attempted to reduce the sales gap and that work was continued under his successor, Nick Pigott; who by then had moved over from Steam Railway. In 2008, The Railway Magazine regained its position as Britain's best-selling rail title and has continued to increase its circulation ever since. Its current publisher is Mortons Media, which bought the title from IPC Media in August 2010.

Books

Notes


Megachile paupera

Megachile paupera is a species of bee in the family Megachilidae. It was described by Pasteels in 1965.


Battle dress (disambiguation)

Battle dress, field uniform, or combat uniform, is a type of uniform worn in the field/combat.

Battle dress may also refer to:

British Battledress, the combat uniform worn by the British Army from the late 1930s until the 1960s
Battle Dress Uniform, the combat uniform worn by the United States Armed Forces from the early 1980s to the mid-2000s


Genotina

{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Genotina
| image = Genotina adamii 001.jpg
| image_caption = Shell of Genotina adamii
| authority =  Vera-Peláez, 2004
| synonyms_ref =
| synonyms =
| type_species =
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text
| display_parents = 3
}}Genotina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae,

Species
Species within the genus Genotina include:
 Genotina adamii (Bozzetti, 1994)
 Genotina genotae'' Vera-Peláez, 2004


Be Up to Date

Be Up to Date was the title for a 1938 Betty Boop animated short film.

Plot
Betty Boop's Traveling Department Store comes to Hillbillyville; the mountain folks find old uses for the new gadgets, such as using a waffle iron for ironing hair, or playing music, in which Betty joins in on the fun.

Notes
This is the last theatrical short subject cartoon in which Mae Questel voiced Betty.  After this cartoon, other people would provide Betty's voice.


Ligue Nationale de Handball

The French National Handball League () is the name of the national professional handball league of France. It manages the two top men's division and two associated cups.

Competitions
LNH Division 1
 Division 2
Coupe de la Ligue (League cup)
Trophée des champions (Supercup)

President
From June 2010 to February 2018, its president is former rugby international Philippe Bernat-Salles. Olivier Girault is the current president.


Daniel Brown (American football)

Daniel Brown (born May 26, 1992) is an American football tight end for the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at James Madison and was signed by the Baltimore Ravens as an undrafted free agent in 2015. He also played for the Chicago Bears.

High school career
Brown attended Isle of Wight Academy, where he was a three-sport athlete (basketball, football, and baseball). From 2005-2007, he helped Isle of Wight win three consecutive state championships. As a junior, he was named Second-team All-State and First-team All-conference. As senior, he was named First-team All-state, as well as All-Conference. During his junior and senior seasons in basketball, he was named First-team All-state and All-conference. He was named a team captain in basketball as a freshman, junior and senior. In baseball, he was named First-team All-state, and All-Conference as a senior, as well as the team's Most Valuable Player (MVP) as a sophomore and senior. He was also named to the honor roll during all four years at Isle of Wight Academy.

College career
After graduating from Isle of Wight Academy, Brown began attending James Madison University, where he majored in computer information systems.

As a true freshman in 2010, he redshirted and did not play in his first season at James Madison. He returned in 2011 and was able to redshirt for the second consecutive year. He was used primarily as a reserve wide receiver throughout the season. In the 2011 season opener against North Carolina, he recorded a 41-yard touchdown reception. He finished his freshman season with five receptions for 157 yards and one touchdown in 12 games. In 2012, he played the first three games before suffering a season-ending injury against West Virginia. He finished the season with two receptions for 22 receiving yards and a touchdown. After his junior season was cut short, he returned in 2013 and had his best collegiate season. He ended the season with a career-high 42 receptions for 665 receiving yards, and eight touchdowns in 11 games. In 2014, he returned as a redshirt senior. On November 1, 2014, he recorded a career-high eight receptions for 128 yards and a touchdown against William & Mary. He finished his last collegiate season with 42 catches for 606 yards and seven touchdowns.

Brown finished his college career with a total of 91 receptions for 1,450 receiving yards and 17 touchdown receptions in 38 games.

Professional career

Baltimore Ravens
With limited experience, Brown went undrafted in the 2015 NFL Draft. On May 12, 2015, he was signed by the Baltimore Ravens as an undrafted free agent. In Week 2 of the pre-season, he caught a 28-yard touchdown reception against the Philadelphia Eagles. In Week 4 against the Atlanta Falcons, he recorded three receptions for 30-yards and a touchdown. After the pre-season, he was waived and signed to the Ravens' practice squad. On November 29, 2015, he was activate promoted to the main roster after the Ravens suffered injuries to their receiving corps, with season-ending injuries to Steve Smith Sr., Michael Campanaro, Breshad Perriman, Cam Worthy, and Darren Waller. On November 30, 2015, Brown received his first playing time on Monday Night Football against the Cleveland Browns.

On September 3, 2016, Brown was waived by the Ravens. The next day, he was signed to the Ravens' practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on October 5, 2016. On October 22, 2016, he was released by the Ravens.

Chicago Bears
On October 24, 2016, the Chicago Bears claimed Brown off waivers. On November 27, he recorded his first career touchdown reception in a loss to the Tennessee Titans. Brown finished the 2016 season with three starts in eight games, recording sixteen passes for 124 yards and a touchdown.

On March 6, 2017, Brown re-signed with the Bears. Brown started twice in fourteen games, logging 13 receptions for 129 yards.

On March 16, 2018, Brown re-signed with the Bears.

New York Jets
On March 18, 2019, Brown signed with the New York Jets.

On February 13, 2020, Brown was re-signed to a one-year deal.

Personal life
Brown was raised by his parents, Mike and Cathy Brown, and Carolyn Brown.


Paresh Lohani

Paresh Prasad Lohani (born 19 August 1980) is a Nepalese cricketer. Paresh is a right-handed batsman and a right-arm medium pace bowler. He made his debut for Nepal against United Arab Emirates in November 2000.

He represents the Sagarmatha Legends of the Nepal Premier League, APF Club of the National League and GoldenGate International College, which plays in the SPA Cup.

Playing career

Born in Kathmandu in 1980, Lohani first played for Nepal in the 2000 ACC Trophy in the United Arab Emirates. He played matches against the UAE, Japan, the Maldives and Hong Kong during the tournament. He played in the 2001 ICC Trophy in Ontario, Canada the following year.

He played in the ACC Trophy again in 2002 and 2004, making his first-class début in the latter year when he played in the 2004 ICC Intercontinental Cup against the UAE and Malaysia. He played ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament matches against Singapore, Nepal and Hong Kong later the same year.

In February 2005 he played in the repêchage tournament of the 2005 ICC Trophy, in which Nepal finished third after beating Qatar in a play-off. He also played ACC Fast Track Countries Tournament matches against Singapore, Malaysia, the UAE and Hong Kong. The games against the UAE and Hong Kong also counted towards the 2005 ICC Intercontinental Cup and are his last first-class matches to date. He won the man of the match award in the match against Singapore after scoring a total of 172 runs in the match, including an unbeaten century in the second innings.

The following year, he played in a play-off match against Namibia to decide the final spot in the 2006 ICC Intercontinental Cup. Needing an outright win to qualify, Nepal could only secure a draw after there was no play on the first day. Later in the year he played on a tour of Pakistan with Nepal in addition to playing in the ACC Trophy and ACC Premier League.

He also represented Nepal at the 2007 ACC Twenty20 Cup and 2012 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier.


Adrian Fletcher

Adrian Fletcher (born 10 October 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer and current assistant coach. He is regarded as one of football's nomads, having played for five Australian Football League clubs in his 13-year career. Fletcher's play relied on being an excellent play reader which resulted in him being a prolific possession gatherer, especially by handball.

Early career
Fletcher was recruited from the Tasmanian Football League (TFL) club Glenorchy with the 20th selection in the 1988 VFL Draft by the Geelong Football Club after winning the William Leitch Medal as the best player in the TFL. He played 23 games for Geelong between 1989 and 1991, kicking 10 goals. Fletcher was traded to St Kilda in 1992, where he played 22 games, kicking 10 goals. Due to a contract dispute, he left the Saints and was selected by the Brisbane Bears with the 4th selection in the 1993 Pre-season Draft.

Brisbane career

Fletcher made his name as a tough, ball-winning midfielder at Brisbane. Between 1993 and 1996, Fletcher played 86 of a possible 90 games, finishing in the top five of the club champion award in each year. He was a significant player in the Bears' 1996 preliminary final loss to North Melbourne playing on the half back line.

In 1997, however, his form slumped after the lack of a solid pre-season. He fought back, however, and ended up with a season average of 19 possessions per game in 21 games. However, despite a season that, although starting badly, was not considered by Fletcher to be his worst, he was traded to the Fremantle Dockers.

Fremantle career
Fletcher had an immediate impact at Fremantle, finishing second in the club's Best and Fairest award in 1998 and winning it in 1999. He was then named co-captain along with Shaun McManus in 2000 and 2001. At the end of the 2001 season he was asked to retire by the Fremantle club despite being ranked in the AFL's top 20 for overall disposals and also was in the AFL's top five for handballs. He played 79 games for the Dockers ending up with 25 goals.

While at Fremantle, Fletcher is remembered for being the player who kicked the ball to field umpire Peter Carey, when Carey famously and humorously took a chest mark in general play.

Statistics

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1989
|
| 4 || 8 || 5 || 1 || 76 || 53 || 129 || 22 || 4 || 0.6 || 0.1 || 9.5 || 6.6 || 16.1 || 2.8 || 0.5 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1990
|
| 4 || 9 || 3 || 2 || 106 || 93 || 199 || 23 || 11 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 11.8 || 10.3 || 22.1 || 2.6 || 1.2 || 1
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1991
|
| 4 || 6 || 2 || 0 || 68 || 62 || 130 || 19 || 10 || 0.3 || 0.0 || 11.3 || 10.3 || 21.7 || 3.2 || 1.7 || 0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1992
|
| 16 || 22 || 10 || 7 || 231 || 223 || 454 || 73 || 38 || 0.5 || 0.3 || 10.5 || 10.1 || 20.6 || 3.3 || 1.7 || 5
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1993
|
| 6 || 20 || 15 || 6 || 236 || 235 || 471 || 87 || 41 || 0.8 || 0.3 || 11.8 || 11.8 || 23.6 || 4.4 || 2.1 || 4
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1994
|
| 6 || 19 || 5 || 5 || 236 || 213 || 449 || 68 || 35 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 12.4 || 11.2 || 23.6 || 3.6 || 1.8 || 6
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1995
|
| 6 || 23 || 14 || 11 || 319 || 294 || 613 || 96 || 49 || 0.6 || 0.5 || 13.9 || 12.8 || 26.7 || 4.2 || 2.1 || 7
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1996
|
| 6 || 24 || 15 || 17 || 341 || 239 || 580 || 90 || 61 || 0.6 || 0.7 || 14.2 || 10.0 || 24.2 || 3.8 || 2.5 || 14
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1997
|
| 6 || 21 || 4 || 10 || 238 || 172 || 410 || 84 || 59 || 0.2 || 0.5 || 11.3 || 8.2 || 19.5 || 4.0 || 2.8 || 8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1998
|
| 2 || 16 || 8 || 6 || 225 || 142 || 367 || 68 || 40 || 0.5 || 0.4 || 14.1 || 8.9 || 22.9 || 4.3 || 2.5 || 3
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1999
|
| 2 || 22 || 9 || 5 || 298 || 283 || 581 || 105 || 38 || 0.4 || 0.2 || 13.5 || 12.9 || 26.4 || 4.8 || 1.7 || 15
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2000
|
| 2 || 20 || 4 || 2 || 215 || 220 || 435 || 67 || 53 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 10.8 || 11.0 || 21.8 || 3.4 || 2.7 || 10
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2001
|
| 2 || 21 || 3 || 5 || 230 || 250 || 480 || 97 || 54 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 11.0 || 11.9 || 22.9 || 4.6 || 2.6 || 3
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 231
! 97
! 77
! 2819
! 2479
! 5298
! 899
! 493
! 0.4
! 0.3
! 12.2
! 10.7
! 22.9
! 3.9
! 2.1
! 76
|}

Post AFL and coaching career
After being delisted by Fremantle after the 2001 season and not being drafted by another AFL club, Fletcher retired from the AFL, and played for Williamstown Football Club in the VFL for two years. He won the Williamstown best and fairest award in both these seasons and also won the Norm Goss Medal for best on ground in the 2003 VFL grand final, Fletcher's last game of senior football. He also was a development coach for the Collingwood Football Club (Williamstown's AFL-affiliate) during this time.

In 2004, Fletcher joined the Geelong Football Club as an assistant coach, before returning to Collingwood in 2005 as their midfield coach. After the 2007 season he left Collingwood and returned to the Brisbane Lions as an assistant coach, where he remains as of 2011.

He has made several appearances in AFL Legends Matches. His wife, Narelle Fletcher, played 295 games in the Women's National Basketball League.


Revolution Helicopter Corporation

Revolution Helicopter Corp., Inc. (RHCI) was a kit helicopter manufacturer based in Excelsior Springs, Missouri.

The company designed, manufactured and marketed the Mini-500 single-seat helicopter, so-called because the fuselage superficially resembled the MD-500 five-place turbine powered helicopter.

History
The company was founded by Dennis L. Fetters, a former associate of Augusto Cicaré, the self-taught Argentine inventor of a novel helicopter control linkage system.  The design basis of the Mini-500 was Cicaré's CH-4, circa 1982.  Before launching RHCI, Fetters had operated Air Command International, a manufacturer of autogyros.

The Mini-500 design initially intended to use Cicaré's control system design, but Fetters and Cicaré were unable to agree on licensing terms. Fetters instead elected to design and patent a "newly improved control system", as he termed it.

RHCI sold the last Mini-500 in October 1999 and the company went out of business in November after the product developed a poor safety record with more than 40 accidents and nine fatalities. Critics said that the aircraft was "woefully underpowered and subject to excessive engine and rotor vibrations that lead to cracked frames and other component failures."

At the time of its demise the company had a two-place kit helicopter under development, the Voyager-500. Former employees reported that the prototype flew less than three hours and only ever hovered. None were ever delivered to customers.

Aftermath
Fetters claimed that the company's problems were caused by vocal critics who caused orders to fall off. In particular Fetters blamed Jim Campbell, publisher of US Aviator magazine, Bill Phillips, president of the International Experimental Helicopter Association, former RHCI dealer Fred Stewart, and former employees Lee Sarouhan and Rick Stitt.

In assessing the company failure Bill Phillips, president of the International Experimental Helicopter Association said: "In my opinion, Dennis Fetters is one of the biggest cons that’s ever hit the kit industry".

Jim Campbell, publisher of US Aviator magazine said: "I find this really sad. Nobody wanted to see him succeed more than we did, but the problem here is that there have been hundreds of failures, dozens of accidents and nine fatalities among 100 flying helicopters".

RHCI President Dennis L. Fetters said of the closure: "We at RHCI do not blame ourselves for the need to close our business. On the contrary, we credit ourselves for not only surviving these ruthless attacks, but for beating the odds of even starting a helicopter manufacturing factory. We took it farther than anyone could have expected under the circumstances". Shortly after the company closed, Fetters sold his house in Excelsior Springs, changed his name to Mohammed Al Faris and was unable to be located by the media for further interviews.

In the early 2010s, Fetters moved to China and started a new company, Fetters Aerospace, to develop  unmanned aerial vehicles for Chinese customers. Fetters made a public appearance in 2013 in Washington, D.C. as Ewatt CTO at the 2013 Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International conference.


Thomas Bastiaan Pleyte

Thomas Bastiaan Pleyte (23 October 1864 in Leiden – 25 March 1926 in The Hague) was a Dutch politician.

Pleyte was minister of Colonies in the Cort van der Linden cabinet. He became known as a liberal minister who founded the People's Council in 1916, a move that is widely regarded as the important first step to give the native population of the Dutch East Indies (now known as Indonesia) an equal say in government. Pleyte was fluent in Malay and Javanese.


Alice Nadine Morrison

Alice Nadine Morrison (1892-1978), birth name Alice Nadine Lanterman, was an American songwriter and musician. With her husband Howell Oakdeane "Morrie" Morrison (1888-1984) she was involved in numerous music-related business ventures, including Morrison Records.

Life

Born in Anacortes, Washington, while still in her teens she accompanied silent films in local theaters. She married Alabama-born dance instructor and drummer "Morrie" Morrison in 1912. The couple had a son, Lew, in 1913, and moved to Bellingham, Washington in 1914. In 1919, she wrote the waltz "My Love Is All For You." The Morrisons started the Morrison Music Company to publish the sheet music; it was successful enough that Chicago-based Forster Publishing licensed the song, issuing it as "Say You'll Be Mine (My Love Is All For You)." The song became a national hit in 1920; a reported half a million copies of the sheet music sold; a player piano roll was issued in Los Angeles by Film Music Company and the Green Brothers Novelty Band released a recording on New York's Emerson Phonograph Co. label.

She and her sister-in-law Nellie Morrison co-wrote a second hit in 1920, "Love's Ship." With Forster's involvement, the sheet music sold a reported million copies. It was included in the score for the 1920 silent film Shore Acres. Tenor Joseph O'Hara recorded the song for Brunswick Records; the Club De Vingt Orchestra released a medley of "My Love Is All For You" and "Love's Ship" on Edison Records. A third song, "Sweet Anabel," (1922) sold a reported 100,000 sheet copies, published by Seattle's Capitol Music.

She and her husband formed the Morrison's Marimba Xylophone Orchestra and briefly opened Morrison's Dancing Academy in Bellingham, but soon relocated to San Francisco, where they took a suite 502 in that city's Pantages Theatre Building. Her husband pursued various ventures, including another dancehall/school, while she worked as a song-plugger at Woolworth's and Kress. She also performed in the Fox Follies at the Fox-Oakland Theater and played marimba solos live on KPO radio.

However, in San Francisco the Morrisons' star soon faded. Their orchestra became a touring group "performing," Peter Blecha writes, "in upended barns, grange halls, open fields, anywhere and everywhere." Home was successively Sacramento, California, Weed, Roseville, Dunsmuir, and finally, with somewhat rising fortunes, back to Seattle in 1931. Over the next decade, the Morrisons (now including son Lew) would tour around Washington State, and slowly expand an empire of dance halls that would become the G.T.M. Corporation. By 1940, the G.T.M. Corporation had 128 other dancehalls in the Western United States, six of them in Seattle.

Her songwriting career revived in the 1940s. The Ink Spots recorded "Goodbye, Little Girl, Goodbye" (1944) and The Andrews Sisters picked up "Please Don’t Sing That Song Again" (1946). In this same period, her husband started
Morrison Records. A major part of their business was an offer to "Get Your Poem Set To Music." Alice, husband Morrie, or son Lew would write a tune, the Morrison Recording Orchestra would record it, and one of them, or often the customer, would sing. They also picked up some more major performers (such as Paul Tutmarc and Bonnie Guitar and scored a national distribution deal with Vega Records.

An inheritance around 1954 allowed the Morrisons to purchase a mansion at 1025 1st Avenue W on Queen Anne Hill, the pre-World War II residence of the Japanese Consul in Seattle. With the mansion as a headquarters they continued various ventures in music (and even film), but with changing styles in music they never again reached the level of success they had in the 1920s and '40s.

Morrison died in 1978, her husband in 1984. Their son Lew played professionally until about 1994, son Ken (professionally a freelance television producer) remained a locally active musician as of 2005.

Notes


Cretasergestes

Cretasergestes sahelalmaensis is an extinct species of prawn which existed in Lebanon during the Late Cretaceous period, the only species in the genus Cretasergestes.


Intersubjectivity

Intersubjectivity, in philosophy, psychology, sociology, and anthropology, is the psychological relation between people. It is usually used in contrast to solipsistic individual experience, emphasizing our inherently social being.

Definition

"Intersubjectivity" is a term coined by social scientists as a short-hand description for a variety of human interactions. For example, social psychologists Alex Gillespie and Flora Cornish list at least six definitions of intersubjectivity (and other disciplines have additional definitions).

"Intersubjectivity" has been used in social science to refer to agreement. There is "intersubjectivity" between people if they agree on a given set of meanings or a definition of the situation. Similarly, Thomas Scheff defines "intersubjectivity" as "the sharing of subjective states by two or more individuals."

"Intersubjectivity" also has been used to refer to the common-sense, shared meanings constructed by people in their interactions with each other and used as an everyday resource to interpret the meaning of elements of social and cultural life. If people share common sense, then they share a definition of the situation.

The term has also been used to refer to shared (or partially shared) divergences of meaning. Self-presentation, lying, practical jokes, and social emotions, for example, all entail not a shared definition of the situation but partially shared divergences of meaning. Someone who is telling a lie is engaged in an intersubjective act because they are working with two different definitions of the situation. Lying is thus genuinely intersubjective (in the sense of operating between two subjective definitions of reality).

"Intersubjectivity" can also be understood as the process of so-called psychological energy moving between two or more subjects. In a room where someone is lying on their deathbed, for example, the room can appear enveloped in a shroud of gloom for people interacting with the dying person. The psychological weight of one subject comes to bear on the minds of others depending on how they react to it, thereby creating an intersubjective experience that, without multiple consciousnesses interacting with each other, would be otherwise strictly solitary. Love is a prime example of intersubjectivity that implies a shared feeling of care and affection, among others.

Among the early authors who explored this conception in psychoanalysis, in an explicit or implicit way, were Heinz Kohut, Robert Stolorow, George E. Atwood, Jessica Benjamin in the United States, and Silvia Montefoschi in Italy.

Psychoanalyst Jessica Benjamin, in The Bonds of Love, writes, "The concept of intersubjectivity has its origins in the social theory of Jürgen Habermas (1970), who used the expression 'the intersubjectivity of mutual understanding' to designate an individual capacity and a social domain."

Philosophy
Contemporarily, intersubjectivity is a major topic in both the analytic and the continental traditions of philosophy. Intersubjectivity is considered crucial not only at the relational level but also at the epistemological and even metaphysical levels. For example, intersubjectivity is postulated as playing a role in establishing the truth of propositions, and constituting the so-called objectivity of objects.

A central concern in consciousness studies of the past 50 years is the so-called problem of other minds, which asks how we can justify our belief that people have minds much like our own and predict others' mind-states and behavior, as our experience shows we often can. Contemporary philosophical theories of intersubjectivity need to address the problem of other minds.

In the debate between cognitive individualism and cognitive universalism, some aspects of thinking are neither solely personal nor fully universal. Cognitive sociology proponents argue for intersubjectivity—an intermediate perspective of social cognition that provides a balanced view between personal and universal views of our social cognition. This approach suggests that, instead of being individual or universal thinkers, human beings subscribe to "thought communities"—communities of differing beliefs. Thought community examples include churches, professions, scientific beliefs, generations, nations, and political movements. This perspective explains why each individual thinks differently from another (individualism): person A may choose to adhere to expiry dates on foods, but person B may believe that expiry dates are only guidelines and it is still safe to eat the food days past the expiry date. But not all human beings think the same way (universalism).

Intersubjectivity argues that each thought community shares social experiences that are different from the social experiences of other thought communities, creating differing beliefs among people who subscribe to different thought communities. These experiences transcend our subjectivity, which explains why they can be shared by the entire thought community. Proponents of intersubjectivity support the view that individual beliefs are often the result of thought community beliefs, not just personal experiences or universal and objective human beliefs. Beliefs are recast in terms of standards, which are set by thought communities.

Phenomenology
Edmund Husserl, the founder of phenomenology, recognized the importance of intersubjectivity, and wrote extensively on the topic. In German, his writings on intersubjectivity are gathered in volumes 13–15 of the Husserliana. In English, his best-known text on intersubjectivity is the Cartesian Meditations (it is this text that features solely in the Husserl reader entitled The Essential Husserl). Although Husserlian phenomenology is often charged with methodological solipsism, in the fifth Cartesian Meditation, Husserl attempts to grapple with the problem of intersubjectivity and puts forward his theory of transcendental, monadological intersubjectivity.

Husserl's student Edith Stein extended intersubjectivity's basis in empathy in her 1917 doctoral dissertation, On the Problem of Empathy (Zum Problem der Einfühlung).

Intersubjectivity also helps to constitute objectivity: in the experience of the world as available not only to oneself, but also to the Other, there is a bridge between the personal and the shared, the self and the Others.

Psychology
Discussions and theories of intersubjectivity are prominent and of importance in contemporary psychology, theory of mind, and consciousness studies. Three major contemporary theories of intersubjectivity are theory theory, simulation theory, and interaction theory.

Shannon Spaulding, Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Oklahoma State University, writes; "Theory theorists argue that we explain and predict behaviour by employing folk psychological theories about how mental states inform behaviour. With our folk psychological theories, we infer from a target's behaviour what his or her mental states probably are. And from these inferences, plus the psychological principles in the theory connecting mental states to behavior, we predict the target's behaviour (Carruthers and Smith 1996; Davies and Stone 1995a; Gopnik and Wellman 1992; Nichols and Stich 2003)."

Simulation theorists, on the other hand, claim that we explain and predict others' behaviour by using our own minds as a model and "putting ourselves in another's shoes"—that is, by imagining what our mental states would be and how we would behave if we were in the other's situation. More specifically, we simulate what the other's mental states could have been to cause the observed behaviour, then use the simulated mental states, pretend beliefs, and pretend desires as input, running them through our own decision-making mechanism. We then take the resulting conclusion and attribute it to the other person. Recently, authors like Vittorio Gallese have proposed a theory of embodied simulation that refers to neuroscientific research on mirror neurons and phenomenological research.

Spaulding notes that this debate has stalled in the past few years, with progress limited to articulating various hybrid simulation theories—"theory theory" accounts. To resolve this impasse, authors like Shaun Gallagher put forward interaction theory. Gallagher writes that an "...important shift is taking place in social cognition research, away from a focus on the individual mind and toward... participatory aspects of social understanding...." Interaction theory is put forward to "galvanize" the interactive turn in explanations of intersubjectivity. Gallagher defines an interaction as two or more autonomous agents engaged in co-regulated coupling behavior. For example, when walking a dog, both the owner's behavior is regulated by the dog stopping and sniffing, and the dog's behavior is regulated by the lead and the owner's commands. Ergo, walking the dog is an example of an interactive process. For Gallagher, interaction and direct perception constitute what he terms "primary" (or basic) intersubjectivity.

Studies of dialogue and dialogism reveal how language is deeply intersubjective. When we speak, we always address our interlocutors, taking their perspective and orienting to what we think they think (or, more often, don't think). Within this tradition of research, it has been argued that the structure of individual signs or symbols, the basis of language, is intersubjective and that the psychological process of self-reflection entails intersubjectivity. Recent research on mirror neurons provides evidence for the deeply intersubjective basis of human psychology, and arguably much of the literature on empathy and theory of mind relates directly to intersubjectivity.

In child development
Colwyn Trevarthen has applied intersubjectivity to the very rapid cultural development of new born infants. Research suggests that as babies, humans are biologically wired to “coordinate their actions with others.” This ability to coordinate and sync with others facilitates cognitive and emotional learning through social interaction. Additionally, the most socially productive relationship between children and adults is bidirectional, where both parties actively define a shared culture. The bidirectional aspect lets the active parties organize the relationship how they see fit—what they see as important receives the most focus. Emphasis is placed on the idea that children are actively involved in how they learn, using intersubjectivity.

Across cultures
The ways intersubjectivity occurs varies across cultures. In certain Indigenous American communities, nonverbal communication is so prevalent that intersubjectivity may occur regularly amongst all members of the community, in part perhaps due to a "joint cultural understanding" and a history of shared endeavors. This "joint cultural understanding" may develop in small, Indigenous American communities where children have grown up embedded in their community's values, expectations, and livelihoods—learning through participation with adults rather than through intent verbal instruction—working in cohesion with one another in shared endeavors on a daily basis. Having grown up within this context may have led to members of this community to have what is described by some as a "blending of agendas," or by others as a "dovetailing of motives." If community or family members have the same general goals in mind they may thus act cohesively within an overlapping state of mind. Whether persons are in each other's presence or merely within the same community this blending of agendas or dovetailing of motives enables intersubjectivity to occur within these shared endeavors.

The cultural value of respeto may also contribute to intersubjectivity in some communities; unlike the English definition of 'respect,' respeto refers loosely to a mutual consideration for others' activities, needs, wants, etc. Similar to "putting yourself in one's shoes" the prevalence of respeto in certain Indigenous American communities in Mexico and South America may promote intersubjectivity as persons act in accordance with one another within consideration for the community or the individual's current needs or state of mind.

Shared reference during an activity facilitates learning. Adults either teach by doing the task with children, or by directing attention toward experts. Children that had to ask questions in regard to how to perform a task were scolded for not learning by another's example, as though they were ignoring the available resources to learn a task, as seen in Tz’utujil Maya parents who scolded questioning children and asking "if they had eyes."

Children from the Chillihuani village in the Andean mountains learned to weave without explicit instruction. They learned the basic technique from others by observing, eager to participate in their community. The learning process was facilitated by watching adults and by being allowed to play and experiment using tools to create their own weaving techniques.


Alma, Ohio

Alma is an unincorporated community in Ross County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

History
A post office called Alma was established in 1869, and remained in operation until 1904. An early variant name was "Pleasant Valley".


Elne

Elne (;  ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

It lies in the former province of Roussillon, of which it was the first capital, being later replaced by Perpignan. Its inhabitants are still called Illibériens in reference to the city's Iberian name, Illiberis, one that it shared with the Illiberis that became Granada, Spain.

Geography
Elne is located in the canton of La Plaine d'Illibéris and in the arrondissement of Perpignan. It is situated  from the Mediterranean near the Tech River, in Pyrénées-Orientales,  from Perpignan and  from Argelès.

History

Elne, from the heights of its fortified site, dominates the narrow plain of Roussillon between the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean. Numerous archeological researches have shown that the surrounding countryside has been occupied since Neolithic times. Elne was an Iberian oppidum or fortified town. Elne is the oldest town in Roussillon and since it is situated on the way towards the Iberian peninsula, successive civilisations have left their traces. The first mention of Illiberis occurs in the history of Livy (xxi.24): it was the Iberian city at which Hannibal pitched camp having crossed the Pyrenees in 218 BCE, where he negotiated with the assembled Gaulish chiefs his safe passage through their territories on the way to Italy. In the first century CE, however, it was no more than "a modest vestige of a hitherto great city" (Pliny).

In the fourth century Illiberis became "Castrum Helenae" after Helen, the mother of Constantine, whence its modern name was derived by degrees. Within its walls was assassinated Constans, the son of Constantine in 350 A.D. With the division of southern Gaul in 462, Elne became one of the "seven cities" of Septimania. Its Catholic bishopric was established in the 6th century. The first known bishop of Elne, Dominus, was mentioned in 571 in the Chronicle of John of Biclarum. Its bishop attended the Council of Toledo in 599. Numerous synods were held by the bishops of Elne: That of 1027 in Toulouges upheld the Peace and Truce of God, that no one should attack his enemy from Saturday at nine o'clock to Monday at one. Further synods were held in 1058, 1114, 1335, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, and 1380 (CE).

When the Arabs crossed the Pyrenees in 719 Elne was one of the first towns to be attacked, and when the counts of Roussillon achieved independence, Perpignan became the capital of the county, with Elne remaining the Episcopal city.

The its high altar of the present cathedral of Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie was consecrated in 1069. Its Romanesque cloister was built in the 12th to 14th centuries. In 1285, under the Aragonese domination, during the Aragonese Crusade instigated by Pope Martin IV, the town was plundered, the cathedral set fire and the people, who had taken refuge inside, massacred by the French troops of Philip III.

During the later Middle Ages, Elne was increasingly overshadowed by the growing prosperity of nearby Perpignan; the counts of Roussillon moved their seat from Elne to Perpignan, and after vicissitudes lasting two centuries the episcopal seat was finally transferred to Perpignan also, in 1601 by a Bull of Pope Clement VIII (CE).

In 1472 the inhabitants of Elne revolted against French rule. The town, yet again besieged, was conquered and its captain, Bernat d'Oms, beheaded (1474). In 1493 Elne, along with all Roussillon, was returned to the Crown of Aragon. In 1641 Elne suffered another siege by the French and after the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), became French. The medieval ramparts were partly destroyed in 1680 on Louis XIV's orders.

Since then Elne has become an agricultural town which, in spite of repeated destructions caused by its several invaders, remains a witness to its past glories, attracting some 70,000 visitors annually.

In the twentieth century a sculptor and a painter have left their imprint : Aristide Maillol and Etienne Terrus, to whom a local museum is dedicated. "Pomone" by Maillol serves as the World War II war memorial, and the studio of Terrus, where Henri Matisse and André Derain were received, saw the birth of the Fauve movement.

Currently the city is extending towards the north, in a carefully planned urbanization— "Las Trillas"— extending over 40 hectares, which takes advantage of picturesque views of the cathedral. A pedestrian boulevard through the city, on the model of Barcelona's successful "Las Ramblas", is under way, as well as a new square, Place Jordi incorporating the ramparts of the upper city.

Demography


Nir Cohen

Nir Cohen (born June 10, 1981 in Krayot) is an Israeli retired basketball player (2.02 meters/6'7" tall) who was playing as a power forward and a center. As of 2016/2017 Cohen is a real estate agent.

Early Career and College ball
Cohen grew in Hapoel Migdal HaEmek before he moved to play at Hapoel Gvat and then to the Junior Team of Maccabi Kiryat Bialik, Maccabi Ra'anana, Elitzur Kiryat Ata and Hapoel Gilboa/Afula from the 3rd division before moving to the United States playing College Basketball there in 2003.

Cohen joined Monroe Community College where he began studying Business Administration and played there till 2005, during those 2 years his team won the NJCAA Division I Region 15 Championship twice and he was named NJCAA Player of the Year in the 2004/2005 season. Afterwards he turned down offers from the likes of Marist College, University of Buffalo and Robert Morris University, and moved to the NCAA Division I University of San Diego where he played till his graduation in 2007, during those two years he knew harsh matches against Adam Morrison's Gonzaga University.

Professional career

After graduating in the States, Cohen returned to Israel and looked for a professional club from the Israeli Basketball Super League to play at. He was signed in Ironi Ramat Gan of the then-rookie coach, Rubi Balinko, shortly after the season already started. During the 2007/2008 season Cohen based himself as a notable player in the league and was one of the best players the small club from Ramat Gan had to offer. He scored 20 points without a miss and was one of the leading players in the home victory of his team over the Euroleague powerhouse, Maccabi Tel Aviv B.C., which led to the firing of Oded Katash and the nominating of the back then General Manager, Zvika Sherf. He was named the Israeli Basketball Premier League Rising Star of 2008. Due to this season Cohen was called to play in the Israeli National Basketball Team.

In the summer of 2008 he was signed by Hapoel Gilboa Galil of the same Katash, but in his debut game in the 2008/2009 season opening match he was badly injured and missed most of the season.

In the summer of 2009 Cohen signed with Hapoel Afula from the Liga Leumit and played there trying to help lead the team back to the first division.

In  2010 Cohen returned to the Israeli Basketball Super League and signed with Hapoel Holon of Micky Dorsman for the 2010/2011 season where he help leading his team who suffered from financial problems to the 1/4 finals and was the leading Israeli rebounder that year with 6.1 rpg and top foulist in the league with 3.6 fouls per game.

In 2011/2012 Coehn played for Moadon Kadursal HaBikaa from the Super League but had a mediocre season with the club that lost 3-0 to Maccabi Tel Aviv in the playoffs, he left the team when the club relocated South and became Hapoel Eilat B.C. in the summer of 2012.

In 2012 Cohen registered to a Basketball Coaching certificate course in the University of Tel Aviv. He signed with Maccabi Rishon LeZion on December 9, 2012 for the 2012/2013 season.

In 2013/2014 he re-joined Rubi Balinko in Elitzur Maccabi Netanya from the Israeli Super League.

In 2014/2015 Cohen returned to play for Hapoel Afula in the 2nd Division.

Prior to the 2015/2016 season he trained with Hapoel Lev HaSharon from the Israeli Liga Artzit (3rd Division) before announcing his retirement after 9 years of professional career.


John Paul (artist)

John Paul (1804–1887) was an English painter.

Biography
Little is known of Paul's personal life. other than it bridged the Georgian Era and the Victorian Era.

Work
Paul was known for painting views of London in which the figures were dressed in the manner of the 1700s, the previous century. The City of London Corporation owns a painting attributed to him of Smithfield Market. It is housed in The Guildhall Art Gallery.

Examples of Paul's equine and canine paintings are the illustrated Bay Stallion and the 1867 work Four Dogs, which depicts a Mastiff, two Greyhounds and a Bull Terrier.


Ilya Gilyazutdinov

Ilya Uralovich Gilyazutdinov (; born 8 January 1998) is a Russian football player who plays for FC Irtysh Omsk.

Club career
He made his debut in the Russian Professional Football League for FC Irtysh Omsk on 14 August 2019 in a game against FC Zenit Irkutsk.


Meykharan-e Pain

Meykhvaran-e Pain or Meykhvoran-e Pain or Meykhowran-e Pain () may refer to:
 Meykhvaran-e Mohammad Aqa
 Meykhvaran-e Mohammad Sadeq


1996 French Open – Women's Singles Qualifying

Players who neither had high enough rankings nor received wild cards to enter the main draw of the annual French Open Tennis Championships participated in a qualifying tournament held in the week before the event.

Seeds

Qualifiers

Lucky losers

Qualifying draw

First qualifier

Second qualifier

Third qualifier

Fourth qualifier

Fifth qualifier

Sixth qualifier

Seventh qualifier

Eighth qualifier


Yu Hua (rower)

Yu Hua (born 19 January 1981 in Beijing, China) is a female Chinese rower, who competed for Team China at the 2008 Summer Olympics in the women's lightweight double sculls.

Major performances
1999/2005 Asian Championships – 1st LW2X;
2005 National Games – 3rd LW2X;
2006 World Cup Munich/Poznan – 1st LW2X/lightweight single sculls;
2007 World Cup Amsterdam – 1st LW2X


Port mirroring

Port mirroring  is used on a network switch to send a copy of network packets seen on one switch port (or an entire VLAN) to a network monitoring connection on another switch port. This is commonly used for network appliances that require monitoring of network traffic such as an intrusion detection system, passive probe or real user monitoring (RUM) technology that is used to support application performance management (APM). Port mirroring on a Cisco Systems switch is generally referred to as Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) or Remote Switched Port Analyzer (RSPAN). Other vendors have different names for it, such as Roving Analysis Port (RAP) on 3Com switches.

Network engineers or administrators use port mirroring to analyze and debug data or diagnose errors on a network. It helps administrators keep a close eye on network performance and alerts them when problems occur. It can be used to mirror either inbound or outbound traffic (or both) on single or multiple interfaces.


Monte Ricco

Monte Ricco is a mountain of the Veneto region of Italy. It has an elevation of 330 metres.


2009 in Estonian television

This is a list of Estonian television related events from 2009.

Events
7 March - Urban Symphony are selected to represent Estonia at the 2009 Eurovision Song Contest with their song "Rändajad". They are selected to be the fifteenth Estonian Eurovision entry during Eesti Laul held at the ETV Studios in Tallinn.
20 December - Ott Lepland wins the third season of Eesti otsib superstaari, becoming the show's first man to be crowned as winner.

Debuts

Television shows

1990s
Õnne 13 (1993–present)

2000s
Eesti otsib superstaari (2007–present)

Ending this year

Births

Deaths


Gertrude Fiske

Gertrude Horsford Fiske (1878–1961) was an American visual artist, figure painter, still life painter and landscape painter. Fiske was part of the Boston School of painters in the early 20th century. She was the first woman appointed to the Massachusetts State Art Commission in 1929.

Fiske was born in Boston and was the daughter of a prominent local lawyer. Before becoming an artist, she was a successful golfer. Fiske enrolled at the Boston Museum School sometime around 1904 where she studied with Edmund C. Tarbell, Frank Benson and Philip Hale. She also studied with Charles H. Woodbury in Ogunquit, Maine, and incorporated his recommendation to "paint in verbs not in nouns." Her early work was greatly influenced by this aesthetic, but she later moved in other directions. Fiske was a co-founder of the Guild of Boston Artists in 1914 and of the Boston Society of Etchers in 1917. Fiske was a well-established painter by the mid 1920s. In 1928 she was also a co-founder of the Ogunquit Art Association. During the Great Depression, Fiske maintained her full membership in the National Academy of Design.

Fiske was known for her strong depictions of women in traditional scenes, such as women in interiors, with power, instead of gentility and fragility.She included both men and women in her compositions, used bold colors, and was well respected for her likeness of male artists. She often portrayed distinctive New England characters (including florists, craftsmen, postmen, fishermen and clerics), in a style popular throughout the 1920s. Fiske also painted landscapes, including of Revere Beach, a stone quarry in Weston, MA, and the Navy Yard in Portsmouth, NH. Later works included the introduction and adoption of modern technologies such as the telephone and automobile. Selected compositions include The Window (1916), The Carpenter (about 1922), Sunday Afternoon (about 1925), and Jade (about 1930). Her sense of composition was considered "harmonious" and "warm." The Carpenter won the Thomas B. Clarke prize from the National Academy of Design.

Fiske's works have been exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Art Institute of Chicago, the National Academy of Design, the Corcoran Gallery, Cleveland Museum of Art, the Farnsworth Museum, the Rhode Island School of Design, and the Guild of Boston Artists. Prizes include the Shaw price for women artists (twice), the best figure composition (twice), the Proctor prize for portraiture from the National Academy of Design.

The artwork of Gertrude Fiske was the subject of the exhibition Gertrude Fiske: American Master, April to September 2018 at Discover Portsmouth, Portsmouth, NH. The show was organized by the Portsmouth Historical Society and curated by Lainey McCartney. Fiske, says McCartney, “challenged established stereotypes for women with her extraordinary talent, dignity, and work ethic. Painting during a time when conservative traditions and social roles were firmly set for women, Fiske forged her own path.”

Fiske died in 1961 in Weston, Massachusetts.


Lars Börgeling

Lars Börgeling (born 16 April 1979 in Neuss) is a German pole vaulter.

Biography
His personal best is 5.85 metres, achieved in July 2002 in Leverkusen. This ranks him ninth among German pole vaulters, behind Tim Lobinger, Andrei Tivontchik, Michael Stolle, Danny Ecker, Richard Spiegelburg, Malte Mohr, Björn Otto and Raphael Holzdeppe.

Achievements


Zhifu Island

Zhifu Island () or North Island (), is an islet with historical significance in Shandong Province, China. The name of the islet Chefoo was generalized to mean the entire Yantai region in older western literature.

Etymologies
Possibilities include:
 "A Barrier in the Shape of a Magical Plant"
 Zhi is a magical and powerful plant, which the island's shape resembles
 Fu a barrier of ocean
 A magical mountain name (significance unknown)
 From Qin Dynasty's Zhifu (之罘), officially changed to the present character in late Qing Dynasty.

Administration
Administratively, Zhifu Island is a part of Dàtuǎn Village (大疃村), Xingfu Sub-district, Zhifu District, Yantai City, Shandong Province. Dàtuǎn has a part on the mainland, where the offices and most residents are.

History
Archeological excavations have uncovered over 200 artifacts, including stone axes, and short axes (錛 : Bēn), pottery fragments, bone needles, and bone hairpins. These and Carbon-14 dating indicated that the island has been settled since the Neolithic period.

People were buried here during the Zhou Dynasty, including  Duke Kang of Qi, who died on the island in 379 BC. The ruins of the cemetery still exist today. The Lord Yang Temple (陽主廟 Yángzhǔ Miào) was built during the early Zhou Dynasty by rulers of the State of Qí in honor of Lord Yang, the fifth deity of the Eight Divine Generals (八神將).

Because of a legend of a Mountain of Immortality, China's first emperor Qin Shi Huang visited the island three times looking for the elixir. He left a couple of stone inscriptions that are still visible today:
 During his second visit in 218 BC, he left the inscription: "Arrived at Fu, and carved the stone" (登之罘，刻石).
 The last time he visited (210 BC) he wrote: "Came to Fu, saw an enormous stone, and shot one fish" (至之罘，見巨石，射殺一魚).
Today, there are places like Shihuang Avenue (始皇道 Shihuang Dao), and Fish-shooting Tower (射魚台 Sheyu Tai) named after the emperor. Having failed to discover the elixir, Qin Shihuang dispatched the court sorcerer Xu Fu from Yantai, to sail away and find the elixir of life with hundreds of men and women.

After performing a ceremony in the Yangzhu Temple, Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty also left an inscription in 94 BC: "Arrived at Zhifu, which floats on Great Ocean.  Mountains call out 'Ten thousand years!" (登芝罘，浮大海，山稱萬歲).

Now, the island is mainly a tourist attraction where clams and abalones can be fished here in abundance.

Geography
Located in Bohai Sea, the island is 4 km from Downtown Zhifu and is 10 km x 1 km. Part of Public Road No. 26 connects the western end of the island and the north part of the mainland peninsula. Originally, the island was disconnected from the mainland, but for a period of millennium of years, the sand and soil in the ocean floor built up a 600-metre wide pathway. Thus the island is called the "Mainland-connecting Island" in Chinese (陸連島); it could even be considered a small peninsula.

The island's largest mountain is Laoye Mountain (老爺山 Lǎoyé Shān) at 294.1m. The Old Lady Stone (婆婆石 Pópó Shí) is on a cliff, at 43.49 metres above sea level, named because of its resemblance to a woman hugging the ocean waves. The southern part of the island is forested.


Gojna Gora

Gojna Gora is a village in the municipality of Gornji Milanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 735 people.


Dipicolinic acid

Dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid or PDC and DPA) is a chemical compound which composes 5% to 15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores. It is implicated as responsible for the heat resistance of the endospore.

However, mutants resistant to heat but lacking dipicolinic acid have been isolated, suggesting other mechanisms contributing to heat resistance are at work.

Dipicolinic acid forms a complex with calcium ions within the endospore core. This complex binds free water molecules, causing dehydration of the spore. As a result, the heat resistance of macromolecules within the core increases. The calcium-dipicolinic acid complex also functions to protect DNA from heat denaturation by inserting itself between the nucleobases, thereby increasing the stability of DNA.

Two genera of bacterial pathogens are known to produce endospores: the aerobic Bacillus and anaerobic Clostridium.

The high concentration of DPA in and specificity to bacterial endospores has long made it a prime target in analytical methods for the detection and measurement of bacterial endospores. A particularly important development in this area was the demonstration by Rosen et al. of an assay for DPA based on photoluminescence in the presence of terbium, although this phenomenon was first investigated for using DPA in an assay for terbium by Barela and Sherry. Extensive subsequent work by numerous scientists has elaborated on and further developed this approach.

It is also used to prepare dipicolinato ligated lanthanide and transition metal complexes for ion chromatography.

Environmental behavior
Simple substituted pyridines vary significantly in environmental fate characteristics, such as volatility, adsorption, and biodegradation.  Dipicolinic acid is among the least volatile, least adsorbed by soil, and most rapidly degraded of the simple pyridines.  A number of studies have confirmed dipicolinic acid is biodegradable in aerobic and anaerobic environments, which is consistent with the widespread occurrence of the compound in nature. With a high solubility (5g/liter) and limited sorption (estimated Koc = 1.86), utilization of dipicolinic acid as a growth substrate by microorganisms is not limited by bioavailability in nature.


Le Roy Williams

Le Roy Williams (August 18, 1845 – February 14, 1930) was an American soldier who received the Medal of Honor for valor during the American Civil War.

Biography
Williams joined the Union Army in July 1862, , and served with Company G of the 8th New York Heavy Artillery. He received the Medal of Honor on April 1, 1898, for his actions in recovering the remains of the regiment's commander Peter A. Porter at the Battle of Cold Harbor in Virginia. He was later promoted to first lieutenant, and was transferred to the 10th New York Infantry shortly before the regiment was mustered out in June 1865.

After the war, Williams lived in Niagara, New York where he worked as a customs collector, and later in Buffalo, New York and Lansing, Michigan.

Medal of Honor citation
Citation:

 Voluntarily exposed himself to the fire of the enemy's sharpshooters and located the body of his colonel who had been killed close to the enemy's lines. Under cover of darkness, with 4 companions, he recovered the body and brought it within the Union lines, having approached within a few feet of the Confederate pickets while so engaged.