Nebraska Cornhuskers football

The Nebraska Cornhuskers football team competes as part of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, representing the University of Nebraska–Lincoln in the West Division of the Big Ten. Nebraska plays its home games at Memorial Stadium, where it has sold out every game since 1962. The team is currently coached by Scott Frost.

Nebraska is among the most storied programs in college football history. As of 2014, the Cornhuskers trail only Michigan, Ohio State, and Texas in all-time victories among FBS teams, and have won more games against Power Five opponents than any other program. Nebraska claims 46 conference championships and five national championships (1970, 1971, 1994, 1995, and 1997), and has won nine other national championships that the school does not claim. NU's 1971 and 1995 title-winning teams are considered by many to be among the best in college football history. Famous Cornhuskers include Heisman Trophy winners Johnny Rodgers, Mike Rozier, and Eric Crouch. Rodgers and Rozier join 22 other Cornhuskers in the College Football Hall of Fame. Notable among these are players Bob Brown, Guy Chamberlin, Tommie Frazier, Rich Glover, Dave Rimington, and Will Shields, and coaches Bob Devaney and Tom Osborne.

The program's first extended period of success came just after the turn of the century. Between 1900 and 1916, Nebraska had five undefeated seasons and completed a stretch of 34 consecutive games without a loss, still a program record. Despite a span of 21 conference championships in 33 seasons, the Cornhuskers didn't experience major national success until Bob Devaney was hired in 1962. In eleven seasons as head coach, Devaney won two national championships, eight conference titles, and coached 22 All-Americans, but perhaps his most lasting achievement was the hiring of Tom Osborne as offensive coordinator in 1969. Osborne was named Devaney's successor in 1973, and over the next 25 years established himself as one of the best coaches in college football history with his trademark I-form offense and revolutionary strength, conditioning, and nutrition programs. Following Osborne's retirement in 1997, Nebraska cycled through four head coaches before hiring state native Scott Frost in 2017.

History

The early years (1890–1920)
Nebraska began its football history with a 10–0 victory over the Omaha YMCA on Thanksgiving Day, November 27, 1890. For its first two seasons, Nebraska was known as the "Old Gold Knights," which was changed to "Bugeaters" in 1892. "Cornhuskers" first appeared in an 1893 school newspaper headline ("We Have Met The Cornhuskers And They Are Ours") after an upset victory over Iowa. In this instance, "Cornhusker" was used to derogatorily refer to Iowa. Nebraska State Journal writer Cy Sherman, who would later help create college football's AP Poll, first referred to Nebraska as the Cornhuskers in 1899; the name caught on quickly and was officially adopted the following year.

The program got off to a strong start, suffering only one sub-.500 season in its first 28 years of competition. Prior to a one-win 1899 season in A. Edwin Branch's only year as head coach, Nebraska compiled a 40–18–3 (0.680) record.

George Flippin was the first African-American athlete at Nebraska and only the fifth black athlete at any predominantly white university. Because of Flippin's presence on the roster, Missouri refused to play a scheduled game with Nebraska in 1892. The result was a 1–0 forfeit, and, technically, the first-ever conference win for Nebraska.

Nebraska's fourth coach, Frank Crawford (1893–94, 9–4–1, 0.679) was the school's first paid football coach. Eddie N. Robinson (1896–97, 11–4–1, 0.719) and Fielding H. Yost (1898, 8–3, 0.727), the program's sixth and seventh head coaches, were the first Nebraska coaches to be inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Walter C. Booth (1900–05, 46–8–1, 0.845) was Nebraska's ninth head coach, and had the second-best record during this era among multi-year coaches. His 1902 team went undefeated, untied, and unscored upon. Despite at one point leading his team on a 24-game winning streak, Booth was bested by Ewald O. Stiehm (1911–15, 35–2–3, 0.913), who won the MVIAA conference title in all five of his seasons and posted a school-record 34-game unbeaten streak. His .913 winning percentage remains the highest in school history. The Cornhuskers were a strong candidate play in the first-ever Rose Bowl Game after the 1915 season, but the university's athletic board voted to turn down any such invitation. Stiehm left NU after the 1915 season when the university turned down his demand that he be paid an annual salary of $4,250 to serve as football coach, basketball coach, and athletic director.

When the United States became involved in World War I, many young men went off to war, depleting the ranks of football teams nationwide. Travel restrictions and the Spanish flu pandemic further complicated the college football landscape. William G. Kline led Nebraska through the stunted 1918 season, managing a 2–3–1 (0.417) record. Veteran head coach Henry Schulte (1919–20, 8–6–3, 0.559) took over for the next two seasons, but barely managed a winning record as the program recovered from the war and its aftermath. Although Schulte stepped down as head football coach after 1920, he remained at Nebraska in a variety of coaching roles through 1938.

Climb back to dominance (1921–1941)
By the end of its post-war slump, Nebraska had been led by 15 head coaches over 31 years. However, a period of relative stability followed, beginning with the hire of Fred Dawson (1921–24, 23–7–2, 0.750) in 1921. Dawson arrived at Nebraska after stints at Columbia, Denver, and Virginia. During the entire three-year tenure of Knute Rockne's famed Four Horsemen, Notre Dame lost only two games; one each in 1922 and 1923, both to Nebraska in Lincoln. In Dawson's four years he won three conference titles and compiled the best record of any Nebraska coach from this era.

First-time head coach Ernest E. Bearg (1925–28, 23–7–3, 0.742) won the conference title in his final season before handing over the team to Dana X. Bible (1929–36, 50–15–7, 0.743). Bible had an established reputation after fifteen years as a head coach, winning five Southwest Conference championships at Texas A&M, and his success continued as he led Nebraska to six more conference titles in eight seasons.

While Biff Jones (1937–41, 28–14–4, 0.652) was not as successful as his predecessors, he managed to win two conference titles and led Nebraska to their first bowl game, a 21–13 loss to Stanford in the 1941 Rose Bowl. The following year, as the United States was drawn closer to involvement in World War II, Jones' program suffered, losing five straight games for the first time. One week after the final game of the season, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and, much like 20 years prior, Nebraska's football fortunes headed downward as the country headed into war.

Slide into obscurity (1942–1961)
Nebraska was led by three head coaches during the war years, which saw a scarcity of players available while most of the country's college-aged men were fighting abroad. By the time the war ended in 1945, the Cornhuskers had gone 11–24 over the previous four seasons.

This time, however, Nebraska's fortunes did not improve after the war. Bernie Masterson (1946–47, 5–13, 0.278) recorded the school's worst-ever winning percentage in his first and only head football coaching appointment. Masterson's predecessor George Clark (1945, 1948, 6–13–0, 0.316), a veteran of both wars with an extensive coaching pedigree, returned for the 1948 season while a search was conducted for his new successor. After the season, Clark became NU's athletic director, a position he held until 1953.

Clark hired Bill Glassford (1949–55, 50–40–4, 0.553), whose up-and-down tenure included a 6–2–1 1950 season and Nebraska's second-ever bowl appearance, a 34–7 loss to Duke in the 1955 Orange Bowl. Following Glassford was rookie head coach Pete Elliott, a former quarterback who led Michigan to the 1948 national championship. Elliott would later lead the Illinois Fighting Illini to a Rose Bowl win, but he went only 4–6 (0.400) in his one year at Nebraska. His replacement, Bill Jennings (1957–61, 15–34–1, 0.310), fared even worse in Lincoln, coaching the team for five seasons and not reaching .500 in any of them.

Prior to 1941, Nebraska's all-time winning percentage was .732, seventh-best in college football, trailing only Yale, Princeton, Notre Dame, Harvard, Michigan, and Minnesota. Over the next two decades, however, NU's winning percentage was .368, which ranked 126th out of 133 Division I teams and was higher than only fellow Big Eight member Kansas State among major-conference teams.

Bob Devaney era (1962–1972)

When Bob Devaney (1962–72, 101–20–2, 0.829) was hired from Wyoming, he immediately turned around Nebraska's football fortunes. He led the Cornhuskers to a 9–2 record in his first season, capping it with the school's first bowl win, beating Miami in the 1962 Gotham Bowl. This was the first of 40 consecutive winning seasons for the Cornhuskers, and Nebraska's NCAA-record sellout streak began in the seventh game of 1962. After five straight seasons with a bowl appearance, Devaney's teams went 6–4 in both 1967 and 1968, prompting a major shift in the team's offensive philosophy. This transition mainly involved offensive assistant Tom Osborne and his now-famed I-form offense, which Nebraska would run for the next 35 years. Over the following four seasons, with Osborne installed as offensive coordinator, Nebraska suffered just four losses, winning the conference title in each year and securing the program's first two claimed national championships.

The Cornhuskers' 1970 team needed a bit of good fortune to claim the school's first national title. Nebraska entered the day of the Orange Bowl at No. 3, but losses by No. 1 Texas and No. 2 Ohio State gave NU the championship after a 17–12 victory over No. 5 LSU. There would be no such suspense in 1971, as Nebraska quickly moved to No. 1 after a 34–7 victory against Oregon in week one. The Cornhuskers remained atop the AP Poll for the rest of the season, which included a 35–31 Thanksgiving Day defeat of No. 2 Oklahoma, a game that became known as the "Game of the Century". Nebraska wrapped up the title by beating Bear Bryant and Alabama 38–6 in the 1972 Orange Bowl on New Year's night. Nebraska's 1971 team remains the only champion ever to defeat the teams that finished second, third, and fourth (Oklahoma, Colorado, Alabama) in the final rankings.

The program began producing All-Americans with regularity during Devaney's tenure. Among the 18 who received such recognition were 1972 Heisman Trophy winner Johnny Rodgers, and Rich Glover, winner of the Outland Trophy and Lombardi Award that same season. Devaney stepped down after the 1972 season to become Nebraska's athletic director.

Tom Osborne era (1973–1997)

Tom Osborne (1973–1997, 255–49–3, 0.836) subsequently became Nebraska's longest-tenured coach, ending with the fourth-highest winning percentage in major college football history. In his 25 seasons, Osborne never won fewer than nine games, secured 13 conference titles, and only coached three games where the Cornhuskers were not in the AP Top 25.

An undefeated regular season earned the 1983 team— nicknamed "The Scoring Explosion"— a No. 1 ranking and a trip to the 1984 Orange Bowl. The heavily favored Cornhuskers immediately fell behind No. 5 Miami, trailing 17–0 at the end of the first quarter. Early in the second quarter, Osborne called for the fumblerooski, a trick play which had quarterback Turner Gill "fumble" the snap by intentionally setting the ball on the turf, where it was picked up by All-American guard Dean Steinkuhler, who ran 19 yards for a touchdown. Nebraska mounted a furious comeback, scoring a touchdown to get within one point with just seconds remaining. Overtime had not yet been brought to college football, so kicking the extra point meant the game would likely end in a tie and give the Cornhuskers the national title. However, Osborne elected to go for two and the win outright, and the conversion pass fell incomplete. Although this now-legendary game is widely regarded as the earliest occurrence of the fumblerooski, Nebraska had actually tried the play twice before, both in a 17–14 loss to Oklahoma in 1979.

After a controversial loss in the 1993 national championship game, Osborne finally won his first claimed national title in 1994, when No. 1 Nebraska beat No. 3 Miami 24–17 in the Orange Bowl. The Cornhuskers were even better in 1995, beating four teams that finished in the top ten and winning every game by at least 14 points. NU's 62–24 Fiesta Bowl demolition of Florida and future Heisman Trophy winner Danny Wuerffel is still the biggest national championship blowout ever. Nebraska's 1995 team, which  scored 53 points per game and allowed only 14, is widely considered the best in college football history. These title-winning teams, which went a combined 25–0, are one of only two back-to-back national champions since Oklahoma in 1955 and 1956.

In 1996, the Big Eight, which Nebraska had won five years in a row, merged with the Southwest to create the Big 12 Conference. Despite its similarity in name, the Big 12 was an entirely new conference and did not retain any of the Big Eight's history or records. After being shutout in week two by Arizona State, NU won ten straight games to make the first Big 12 Championship Game. However, the Cornhuskers missed out on a fourth straight national championship appearance when they were upset by Texas.

Despite starting the 1997 season outside the top five, Nebraska quickly regained its status as a national contender in week three when the No. 7 Cornhuskers beat No. 2 Washington 27–14 in Seattle. A 45–38 overtime victory at Missouri in week nine kept the Huskers' title hopes alive. The comeback win was highlighted by the Flea Kicker, a last-second, game-tying touchdown that bounced off the foot of intended receiver Shevin Wiggins and directly into the hands of Matt Davison. Nebraska returned to the conference championship game and dismantled Texas A&M for its first Big 12 title. A 42–17 victory over No. 3 Tennessee in the Orange Bowl boosted NU to the top of the Coaches Poll, making Osborne the only coach to retire following a national championship. Nebraska posted a 60–3 record in the final five years of Osborne's tenure.

The post-Osborne era (1998–2010)
Upon Osborne's retirement, the program was handed over to longtime assistant Frank Solich (1998–2003, 58–18, 0.766), who had played at Nebraska under Bob Devaney from 1963–1965. In his six seasons, Solich won the 1999 Big 12 title and took the Cornhuskers to the 2001 national championship game. After going 7–7 season in 2002, the first non-winning season for Nebraska in 40 years, Solich made aggressive changes to his coaching staff. The approach appeared fairly successful, as Solich's 2003 team went 9–3 in the regular season. However, second-year NU athletic director Steve Pederson fired Solich before the 2003 Alamo Bowl, justifying the move with the now-infamous claim that he would not "let Nebraska gravitate into mediocrity" or "surrender the Big 12 to Oklahoma and Texas". Solich's first-year defensive coordinator Bo Pelini was appointed interim head coach and led the Cornhuskers to a 17–3 win over Michigan State in the Alamo Bowl. So great was the bad blood between Solich and his alma mater that the coach did not return to Lincoln for over 15 years.

Although Pelini interviewed for the position as permanent replacement, former Oakland Raiders coach Bill Callahan (2004–07, 27–22, 0.551) was named Solich's successor following a 40-day, one-man coaching search conducted by Pederson. Callahan's mandate to prevent Nebraska's decline was not immediately successful, as his NFL-style West Coast offense led to varying levels of success, including a 5–6 2004 season that was Nebraska's first losing season since 1961. Callahan's teams improved in the following two years, at 8–4 in 2005 and 9–5 in 2006. However, in 2007, Nebraska dropped five straight games for the first time since 1958, including a record-setting 76–39 loss to Kansas. Pederson was fired as athletic director in the middle of the five-game slide, and Tom Osborne returned from his political career to fill in as interim athletic director. Callahan's fate proved to be the same as Pederson's, as he was fired by Osborne immediately after a season-ending 65–51 loss to Colorado. In four seasons, Callahan accumulated the lowest winning percentage by a Nebraska head coach in 46 years.

Osborne, now full-time athletic director, selected Bo Pelini (2008–14, 67–27, 0.713) to return to Nebraska as the program's 32nd head coach. Pelini's first team tied for the Big 12 North division title with a 9–4 record, the best record among all twenty-eight first-season coaches in the FBS. In 2009, Nebraska, led by Heisman finalist Ndamukong Suh, led the nation in scoring defense at 10.4 points per game, a remarkable turnaround for a unit that had been among the nation's worst just two years prior. NU finished 10–4 and ranked 14th. Following the 2009 season, Pelini was given his second raise and contract extension. In 2010, Nebraska again finished 10–4, with a third straight division title and a No. 20 final ranking.

Move to the Big Ten (2011–present)

Nebraska's first season in the Big Ten Conference was moderately successful, finishing third in the Legends Division and 9–4 overall. In 2012, the Cornhuskers went undefeated at home for the first time since 2001 and won the division. However, they lost the Big Ten Championship game to unranked Wisconsin and the Capital One Bowl to No. 6 Georgia, ending the season with four losses yet again. 2013 saw Nebraska tie for second in the Legends Division and wrap up a 9–4 season with a rematch win over No. 23 Georgia in the Gator Bowl. In 2014, the Cornhuskers went 9–3 in the regular season, but a series of bad losses to end the year led to Pelini's fired by athletic director Shawn Eichorst. At the time of the firing, the university reportedly still owed Pelini $7.65 million. Pelini left the program with a 67–27 record, winning either nine or ten games each season; ironically, NU lost three games under Pelini in his final season, the only time he did not lose exactly four games. Shortly after, Eichorst hired Oregon State's Mike Riley as NU's head coach. The Cornhuskers ended 2014 under interim coach Barney Cotton, losing to No. 24 USC in the Holiday Bowl and finishing 9–4, marking Nebraska's seventh consecutive four-loss season.

Riley (2015–17, 19–19, 0.500) finished his first season at Nebraska 6–7 with a victory over UCLA in the Foster Farms Bowl. Riley's second season proved more successful, as the Cornhuskers started 7–0 and worked their way into the national top five for the first time since 2010. However, subsequent losses to No. 11 Wisconsin, No. 6 Ohio State, Iowa, and Tennessee meant NU finished just 9–4 and outside of the top 25. Nebraska went 4–8 the following year, the program's worst season in 56 years. University chancellor Ronnie D. Green fired athletic director Shawn Eichorst in September after a home loss to Northern Illinois and subsequently appointed former Husker Dave Rimington interim AD. Bill Moos was hired as Eichorst's replacement in October and terminated Riley the day after the season ended. Riley finished his three-year career at Nebraska with a 19–19 record and was just 12–14 in conference play.

On December 2, 2017, Nebraska hired alumnus Scott Frost from UCF as its 33rd head football coach. After starting 2018 0–6, Nebraska closed Frost's first season winning four of its last six games.

Conference affiliations
Nebraska has been affiliated with the following conferences:

 Independent (1890–1891; 1898–1906; 1919–1920)
 Western Interstate University Football Association (1892–1897)
 Big Eight (1907–1918; 1921–1995)
 Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1907–1918; 1921–1927)
 Big Six (1928–1947)
 Big Seven (1948–1959)
 Big 12 (1996–2010)
 Big Ten (2011–present)

Head coaches

The Cornhuskers have had 31 head coaches since the program began. Scott Frost has held the position since December 2, 2017.

† Interim Head Coach
 Bo Pelini served as interim head coach for the 2003 Alamo Bowl after Frank Solich was fired.
 For recruiting purposes, Athletic Director Tom Osborne briefly appointed himself interim head coach following the firing of Bill Callahan.
 Barney Cotton served as interim head coach for the 2014 Holiday Bowl after Bo Pelini was fired.
 Trent Bray served as interim head coach after the firing of Mike Riley in 2017.

Championships

National championships
Nebraska has won five consensus national championships from NCAA-designated major selectors.

Nebraska has been awarded nine other national championships by various polling organizations that the school does not claim.
 1915, 1921, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1993, 1999

Conference championships
Nebraska has won 46 conference championships.

† Co-champions

‡ Both Nebraska  and Oklahoma claim the 1972 championship due to a dispute over Oklahoma forfeiting games.

Division championships
Nebraska has won 10 division championships.

† Co-champions

Bowl games
Nebraska has played in 53 bowl games, including an NCAA-record 35 straight from 1969 to 2003, with a record of 26–27.

Uniform history
Helmets

Nebraska's first helmet was red with a single white stripe, which was later changed to a plain white helmet with a black number on the side. From 1967 to 1969, a red, offset "NU" was placed on each side of the helmet. In 1970, the "NU" was changed to the now-familiar single "N," a design that is still in use, although it is thought a few "NU" helmets remained in use as late as 1972. The change was necessitated due to a shortage of "U" stickers, and when the program won its first claimed national championship that season, the single N remained. The helmet design has remained essentially unchanged since, with the exception of the facemask switching from grey to red prior to the 1982 Orange Bowl.

Jerseys

Nebraska's jerseys have been altered slightly over the years with the addition of shoulder stripes and TV numbers. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Huskers wore full shoulder stripes, but these were gradually phased out as mesh and tearaway jerseys became popular. NU's jerseys had a script "Nebraska" embroidered onto the front for the 1974 Cotton Bowl Classic. From 1980 to 1983, Nebraska's jerseys featured only a block "N" on the sleeves. In 1984, stripes and numbers were permanently re-added, although both have decreased in size as jersey sleeves have shortened over the years. Patches were added to the left shoulder in 1989 to commemorate the 100th season of Nebraska football. The patch remained the following season, but was altered to read "Nebraska Football: A Winning Tradition." In 1999, an updated version debuted, where it remains. Players' last names began appearing on jerseys for 1970s bowl games. Around 1980, names were added to road jerseys as well. Home jerseys remained nameless; the only exception was for seniors playing in their final home game. From 1990 onward, names were permanently affixed to all jerseys.

Pants

The team traditionally wears white pants at home and red on the road, although there have been exceptions. Nebraska donned red pants with red jerseys for the first time in school history for its 1986 contest with Oklahoma. Nebraska led this game for 58 minutes before losing 20–17, and so the red-on-red combination was unofficially retired. Nebraska donned all-white uniforms for the first in the 1991 Florida Citrus Bowl, a 45–21 loss to Georgia Tech. NU used the white-on-white combination for its first three road games in 1992, but lost two of them, including a stunning 19–10 loss to unranked Iowa State. The "surrender suits", as they became known, were not seen for over a decade. In 2007, they were worn for Bill Callahan's last game as head coach, an embarrassing 65–51 loss to Colorado. Nebraska again donned all-white in 2014 to contrast Fresno State's all-red uniforms. NU won 55–19 and proceeded to wear white pants in three more road games that season.

From 1968 through 1994, the pants had two stripes down each side. Originally they were thin stripes, but they became thicker in the mid-70s. These were removed prior to the 1995 season, and the pants remained stripe-less until 2001. For the 2002 season, Nebraska experimented with side panels on its jersey and pants, and went to a permanent all-white look for road games. The changes were incredibly unpopular among fans, partially because the Huskers went 7–7, their worst season in 40 years. Nebraska quickly reverted most of the changes, which included the permanent return of two pant stripes through the 2017 season. Beginning in the fall of 2018, the stripes on the pants were removed under guidance from new head coach Scott Frost as a sort of throw back to the 1995 style from his time as a Nebraska quarterback.

Alternate uniforms

On September 26, 2009, for the first time in school history, the Cornhuskers wore throwback uniforms to honor Memorial Stadium's 300th consecutive sellout. The team did not wear alternate uniforms again until 2012, when Nebraska and Wisconsin squared off in the first Adidas Unrivaled Game. Both schools' uniforms featured block letters instead of numbers on the front and proved to be hugely unpopular. Nebraska wore alternate uniforms against UCLA in 2013. These jerseys marked the introduction of Adidas’ TECHFIT ShockWeb technology. The black jersey featured white stencil font numbers, a white matte helmet with a wide black stripe, and a face mask that faded from red to matte black.

Since 2012, Nebraska has sported an alternate uniforms in some capacity in each season. Against Illinois in 2014, Nebraska wore an all-red uniform featuring black metallic stripes on the jersey and pants. In 2015 and 2016 respectively, NU wore a black uniform and a white uniform that featured a similar basic design and chrome elements from the 2014 alternates. In 2017, Nebraska wore throwback uniforms to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the school's 1997 national championship team. Unlike most previous designs, this one was incredibly well-received by fans. In 2018, Nebraska wore throwback uniforms to celebrate the 100th anniversary of WWI ending, while also celebrating Memorial Stadium.

In August 2019, Nebraska released their newest home alternate jerseys as a Blackshirt themed uniform. Similar to the 2013 alternates the uniform set sports a white helmet, black jersey, and white pants. The helmet will feature a black N and stripe which differs from the 2013 alternate. The jersey features the Blackshirt logo on each sleeve, and red numbers on each shoulder. It has not been announced when the team will wear these jerseys but coach Frost mentioned them being permanent alternates to be worn if the defense performs well the week before. Frost also mentioned that by next season he would like to have an additional away alternate uniform.

Adidas has been Nebraska's official shoe and uniform sponsor since 1996. In 2017, the school and sponsor agreed to a record-setting 11-year, $128 million apparel deal.

Memorial Stadium

Memorial Stadium, home of the Cornhuskers since 1923 and the location of an ongoing NCAA-record 375-game  sellout streak, provides one of the most exciting game-day experiences in all of college football. The "Sea of Red," as it is known, becomes the "third-largest city in Nebraska" on game days, as its capacity exceeds that of every Nebraska town except for Omaha and Lincoln.

The sellout streak dates back to November 3, 1962, Bob Devaney's first season at Nebraska, a 16–7 loss to Missouri with 36,501 in attendance. The streak reached 300 games with a win over Louisiana–Lafayette in front of a then school-record crowd of 86,304 on September 26, 2009.

The stadium completed a major expansion to its east side in 2013, bringing the official capacity to 85,458, though crowds regularly exceed 90,000. Nebraska played in front of the largest crowd in Memorial Stadium history on September 20, 2014 against Miami, with an announced attendance of 91,585.

Three statues sit outside of the stadium. The oldest statue is the Husker Legacy Statue, unveiled in 1997. It depicts six Nebraska defensive players tackling a Kansas State ball carrier and was modeled after a picture taken during the NU's 1995 game against the Wildcats. It is made of bronze and weighs two tons. Fred Hoppe, the creator, said that "the monument displays the sense of pride that Nebraskans have for their football team." In 2006, Hoppe created Memorial Stadium's second statue, which depicts Tom Osborne and quarterback Brook Berringer and is located outside of the Osborne Athletic Complex on the north side of the stadium. It is a life-sized bronze sculpture of the two standing side-by-side. On August 30, 2013, a life-sized bronze statue of Bob Devaney was unveiled at the main entrance of the newly remodeled east stadium. The sculptor, Joe Putjenter, also sculpted the Tunnel Walk gates inside of the stadium.

Prior to Memorial Stadium, the Huskers played their home games at Nebraska Field, from 1909 to 1922. They defeated Notre Dame's famed Four Horsemen in the final game at the stadium.

Traditions

Balloon release

At every home game since the 1930s, fans have released thousands of red helium balloons when the Huskers score their first points. In 2012, a global helium shortage nearly ended the tradition, but after reviewing the situation, the university allowed for a limited number of balloon releases throughout the season. The tradition returned to normal the following year.

Blackshirts

Nebraska's defense has been referred to as the "Blackshirts" since the 1960s, a reference to the black jerseys worn by starting defensive players during practice. Depictions of the Blackshirts often include a skull and crossbones. The tradition originated when Bob Devaney had assistant coach Mike Corgan find contrasting jerseys to offset the red worn by the offense in practice. Further credit is given to George Kelly, Devaney's defensive line coach until 1968, who first coined the term itself; eventually the rest of the coaching staff caught on.

Husker Power chant and Tunnel Walk

Since 1994, Nebraska's home games have opened with the Tunnel Walk. Before NU takes the field, Memorial Stadium's video boards light up with a custom video, and "Sirius" plays as the Huskers take the field from the northwest tunnel. Just before the Tunnel Walk, the west side of Memorial Stadium yells "Husker" in unison, while the east side responds with "Power."

Walk-on program

Nebraska football has a long-standing walk-on program, which attracts student-athletes from across the state who did not receive scholarship offers. NU accepted its first walk-on in the early 1960s, and Tom Osborne began an official program in 1973 after the NCAA reduced the number of scholarships schools could offer. The size and stature of the program means that Nebraska's rosters are often unusually large; NU had 141 players on the team that won the 1996 Fiesta Bowl, while opponent Florida had only 94. About forty percent of the roster that traveled to away games under Osborne were walk-ons. He credited them with contributing to his teams' success by providing flexibility to better scout future opponents. Unlike many other schools, Nebraska's walk-ons have the same access to training facilities and academic counseling as those with scholarships. While many walk-ons never play in a game, six walk-ons have become All-Americans and 29 have played in the NFL. Twelve have been named Academic All-Americans.

Rivalries

Trophy games

Colorado

The rivalry between Nebraska and Colorado, while often considered one-sided, gained traction with Colorado's resurgence in the 1990s. The teams have met 70 times, with the series dating back to 1898, a 23–10 Nebraska win. The Cornhuskers lead the series 49–20–2. The rivalry gained traction when Colorado joined the Big Eight in 1947; they would play in the same conference as Nebraska until 2010. For a brief period of time (1951–61), a buffalo head named Mr. Chip was presented to the winning team, but this exchange ended when Colorado misplaced the trophy. Following Colorado and Nebraska's respective moves to the Pac-12 and Big Ten in 2011, the series was dormant until 2018, when Colorado beat Nebraska 33–28 in Scott Frost's first game as Nebraska head coach. Future non-conference games are planned for 2023, and 2024.

Iowa

The Heroes Trophy has been awarded to the winner of the Iowa–Nebraska game (also known as "The Heroes Game") since the 2011 season. The teams have met 49 times, with the series dating back to 1891, a 22–0 Iowa win. The Cornhuskers lead the series 29–18–3. Iowa currently holds the trophy, having defeated the Cornhuskers in 2019. The teams play annually and will meet next on November 14, 2020, at Kinnick Stadium.

Minnesota

The $5 Bits of Broken Chair Trophy has been awarded to the winner of the Minnesota–Nebraska game since the 2014 season. The teams have met 57 times, dating back to 1900, a 20–12 Minnesota win. Minnesota currently holds the trophy, having defeated the Huskers in 2019. The teams play annually and will meet next on November 27, 2019, at Memorial Stadium. The Golden Gophers lead the series 33–25–2 through the 2019 season.

Missouri

The Victory Bell (also known as the Missouri–Nebraska Bell) has been awarded to the winner of the Missouri–Nebraska game since the 1927 season. The teams have met 104 times, with the series dating back to 1892, a 1–0 NU win when Missouri forfeited to protest the presence of African-American George Flippin on Nebraska's roster. The Cornhuskers lead the series 65–36–3. Nebraska currently holds the Victory Bell, having defeated the Tigers in 2010. Since Nebraska's move to the Big Ten in 2011, the series has been dormant. No future games are scheduled.

Wisconsin

The Freedom Trophy has been awarded to the winner of the Nebraska–Wisconsin game since the 2014 season. The teams have met thirteen times, with the series dating back to 1901, an 18–0 Wisconsin win. The Badgers lead the series 9–4. Wisconsin currently holds the Freedom Trophy, having defeated the Cornhuskers in 2018. The teams play annually and will meet next on November 21, 2020 at  Camp Randall Stadium.

Other rivalries
Oklahoma

Nebraska and Oklahoma has long been considered one of the great college football rivalries. The teams have met 86 times, dating back to 1912, a 13–9 Nebraska win. The Sooners lead the series 45–38–3. Since Nebraska's move to the Big Ten in 2011, the series has been dormant. Future non-conference games are scheduled for 2021, 2022, 2029, and 2030. Notably, the 2021 game in Norman will mark the 50th anniversary of No. 1 Nebraska's 35–31 victory over No. 2 Oklahoma in the "Game of the Century".

Nebraska dominated the series until 1942, going 16–3–3 in the first 22 meetings. The Sooners then ran off 16 consecutive victories, the longest streak in the series. Nebraska's 1959 win both ended the Cornhuskers' drought against the Sooners and snapped Oklahoma's 74-game win streak against conference opponents. Oklahoma won every matchup from 1972 to 1977, a streak that ended in 1978, when No. 4 Nebraska upset No. 1 Oklahoma 17-14. Less than two months later, OU won a rematch in the Orange Bowl. Both teams won five matchups in the 1980s, but Nebraska controlled the 1990s, which included a seven-game win streak and a 69–7 win in 1997 that remains the largest margin of victory in series history. When the Big Eight and Southwest Conference merged in 1996, Nebraska was sent to the Big 12 North and Oklahoma to the South. This meant the schools no longer played annually, ending a stretch of 68 consecutive years they had met. From 2000 to 2009, the schools met seven times, with the Sooners going 5–2. The two teams met for the last time as conference opponents in the 2010 Big 12 Championship Game, when No. 9 Oklahoma defeated No. 13 Nebraska 23–20.

Over the Big Eight's 89-year history, Nebraska and Oklahoma combined to win 74 conference championships, 41 by the Cornhuskers and 33 by the Sooners. During the Big 12 years, the teams won an additional nine conference titles, seven by Oklahoma and two by Nebraska.

The Nebraska-Oklahoma game often showcased the highest level of college football. Both teams were ranked in the AP top ten for 18 matchups; on nine occasions, both teams were in the top five. The 1971 and 1987 games featured teams ranked No. 1 and No. 2. The rivalry's greatest moment likely came in 1971, when No. 1 Nebraska squared off with No. 2 Oklahoma on Thanksgiving Day in Norman. The game aired on ABC, with an estimated 55 million viewers. The "Game of the Century" ultimately ended with a 35–31 Cornhuskers victory, and included a first-quarter punt return touchdown from future Heisman Trophy winner Johnny Rodgers that is still considered one of the greatest plays in college football history. Following the game Dave Kindred of The Courier-Journal wrote, "They can quit playing now, they have played the perfect game."

Kansas

Nebraska and Kansas share a natural border rivalry and maintained the longest non-interrupted rivalry in college football history at 105 years. The teams have met 117 times, with the series dating back to 1892, a 12–0 Kansas win. The Cornhuskers lead the series 91–23–3, which includes 36 consecutive victories from 1969 to 2004. Since Nebraska's move to the Big Ten in 2011, the series has been dormant. No future games are scheduled.

Kansas State

Nebraska and Kansas State were conference rivals from 1913 to 2010. With only 135 miles separating the schools, they were the nearest cross-border rivals in the Big Eight and Big 12 conferences. The teams have met 95 times, with the series dating back to 1911, a 59–0 Nebraska win. Nebraska leads the series 78–15–2, which includes 29 consecutive victories from 1969 to 1997. Since Nebraska's move to the Big Ten in 2011, the series has been dormant. No future games are scheduled.

In 1998, No. 1 Kansas State won a controversial 40–30 thriller over No. 10 Nebraska to end their lengthy losing streak in the series. The 1939 game was televised in Manhattan, making it the second televised college football game. The 1992 contest was held in Tokyo as the Coca-Cola Classic.

Texas

The Cornhuskers' rivalry with Texas is known more for tension between the two sides rather than number of games played. The teams have met 14 times, with the series dating back to 1933, a 26–0 Nebraska win. Texas leads the series 10–4. Since Nebraska's move to the Big Ten in 2011, the series has been dormant. No future games are scheduled.

In the first-ever Big 12 Championship game, unranked Texas upset heavily favored Nebraska after the Cornhuskers, looking to win a third straight national championship, blew a fourth quarter lead to Priest Holmes and the Longhorns. The 2009 Big 12 Championship Game featured one of the more controversial endings in recent college football history. Late in the game, with No. 19 Nebraska holding a 12–10 lead over No. 2 Texas, Longhorns quarterback Colt McCoy threw a pass out of bounds and the clock expired. After a lengthy review, one second was added back onto the game clock, allowing Texas to kick a game-winning field goal.

Miami (FL)

Nebraska and Miami are two of the biggest "bowl rivals" in college football, matching up in many memorable bowl games over the years. The teams have met 12 times, with the series dating back to 1951, a 19–7 Miami win. The series is tied, 6–6. No future games are scheduled.

The rivalry's most notable game is also one of college football's all-time greats. In the 1984 Orange Bowl, Nebraska scored with seconds remaining to make the game 31–30. NU head coach Tom Osborne opted to try for a two-point conversion instead of an extra point, even though a tie would have given Nebraska the national championship. Miami won the game and its first national title.

Honors and awards

Individual award winners

Heisman Trophy
Johnny Rodgers – 1972
Mike Rozier – 1983
Eric Crouch- 2001
Walter Camp Award
Johnny Rodgers – 1972
Mike Rozier – 1983
Eric Crouch – 2001
Maxwell Award
Mike Rozier – 1983
AP Player of the Year
Ndamukong Suh – 2009

Davey O'Brien Award
Eric Crouch – 2001
Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award
Tommie Frazier – 1995
Dave Rimington Trophy
Dominic Raiola – 2000
Dick Butkus Award
Trev Alberts – 1993
Bronko Nagurski Trophy
Ndamukong Suh – 2009
Chuck Bednarik Award
Ndamukong Suh – 2009

Lombardi Award
Rich Glover – 1972
Dave Rimington – 1982
Dean Steinkuhler – 1983
Grant Wistrom – 1997
Ndamukong Suh – 2009
Outland Trophy
Larry Jacobson – 1971
Rich Glover – 1972
Dave Rimington – 1981, 1982
Dean Steinkuhler – 1983
Will Shields – 1992
Zach Wiegert – 1994
Aaron Taylor – 1997
Ndamukong Suh – 2009
Draddy Trophy
Kyle Vanden Bosch – 2000

College Football Hall of Fame

Nebraska boasts 24 inductees into the College Football Hall of Fame.

Retired numbers and jerseys

Nebraska has retired the number of three players and the jersey of 17.

† Indicates retired number. Rodgers permitted his No. 20 to be worn by his son Terry, from 1986–90. Marlon Lucky briefly wore No. 20 as well. Michael Booker wore No. 20 for his entire career.

All-Americans
Since 1914, Nebraska has produced 110 First-Team, 56 consensus, and 20 unanimous All-Americans.

Academic All-Americans

Nebraska leads the nation in Academic All-America selections, both in football and across all sports. Nebraska boasts 70 CoSIDA First-Team and 108 overall Academic All-America selections, both tops in the nation. The list includes 15 Huskers that have been named first team Academic All-Americans twice in their careers. The Huskers also lead the nation with a total of 330 Academic All-Americans across all sports.

Nebraska has four players that have been selected as a First Team Academic All-American by entities other than CoSIDA: Don Fricke (1960), Pat Clare (1960), Jim Osberg (1965), and Tony Jeter (1965).

In the NFL

Pro Football Hall of Fame
Five Nebraska players have been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame:
Willis Roy (Link) Lyman, Tackle (1964)
Guy Chamberlin, End (1965)
Bob Brown, Tackle (2004)
Will Shields, Guard (2015)
Mick Tingelhoff, Center (2015)

Currently in the NFL

There are 28 Huskers currently on NFL rosters as of February 4, 2019.
Ameer Abdullah – Running Back, Minnesota Vikings
Prince Amukamara – Cornerback, Chicago Bears
Rex Burkhead – Running Back, New England Patriots
Cethan Carter – Tight end, Cincinnati Bengals (IR)
Maliek Collins – Defensive Tackle, Dallas Cowboys
Will Compton – Linebacker
Lavonte David – Linebacker, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Quincy Enunwa – Wide Receiver, New York Jets
Nick Gates – Guard, New York Giants (IR)
Nathan Gerry – Linebacker, Philadelphia Eagles
Randy Gregory – Defensive End, Dallas Cowboys
Andy Janovich – Fullback, Denver Broncos (TC)
Stanley Jean-Baptiste – Cornerback, Baltimore Ravens (IR)
Chris Jones – Cornerback, Arizona Cardinals (PS)
Joshua Kalu – Cornerback, Tennessee Titans
Sam Koch – Punter, Baltimore Ravens
Tanner Lee – Quarterback, Jacksonville Jaguars (PS)
Alex Lewis – Offensive Tackle, Baltimore Ravens
Spencer Long – Guard, Buffalo Bills
Brett Maher – Kicker, Dallas Cowboys
Niles Paul – Tight End
Brent Qvale – Offensive Tackle, New York Jets
Jeremiah Sirles – Guard – Buffalo Bills
Matt Slauson – Guard
Zach Sterup – Offensive Tackle, Miami Dolphins
Ndamukong Suh – Defensive Tackle, Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Zac Taylor – Head Coach, Cincinnati Bengals
Vincent Valentine – Defensive Tackle, Arizona Cardinals (PS)

(PS) – Practice Squad

(IR) – Injury Reserve

(RES/SUS) – Reserve/Suspended

(TC) – Team Captain

Future opponents
Non-conference

Announced schedules as of February 13, 2020.

Conference non-division opponents

Announced schedules as of August 29, 2018.


Up in Town

Up In Town is a six-part series of short (10-minute) monologues, featuring Joanna Lumley as the middle-aged, divorced and lonely Madison Blakelock. The series was produced for television by Baby Cow Productions, and screened on BBC Two. It has subsequently been released on DVD.

Summary
Madison Blakelock is delighted to be living her 'new life', since her executive class husband, who works 'up in town', and she parted company 18 years before. And now she has nothing more to do but sit before her mirror, picking over the bones of her past with an optimism and energy dizzyingly at odds with her reality. As the unrecognised failures of her life mount up, the loss of love, friends, money, purpose and her beloved cat, the cracks in her terrifyingly maintained facade begin to show.

Critical reception
The series received a positive reception from critics. The Times praised Lumley and her "rich, darkly comic and beautifully observed performance".The Guardian cited that the series deserved better scheduling.

The series has also been compared to Alan Bennett's Talking Heads series of monologues.


Anseba SC

Anseba Sport Club is an Eritrea football club based in Keren Eritrea.

Achievements
Eritrean Premier League: 1
2003

Performance in CAF competitions
CAF Champions League: 1 appearance
2004 – Preliminary Round

External links
Team profile – leballonrond.fr


Led Zeppelin Remasters

Led Zeppelin Remasters is a three-LP (or two-cassette or two-CD) compilation album of digitally remastered material by English rock band Led Zeppelin. Containing songs from eight of the band's nine studio albums, it was initially released in the UK and Japan by Atlantic Records on 15 October 1990. The album is essentially a scaled-down version of the four-CD Led Zeppelin Boxed Set.

This compilation set came about as a result of the initially rushed conversion of Led Zeppelin's album to the compact disc format in the late 1980s. Led Zeppelin were among the first rock bands to be re-issued on CD, but such was the haste to capitalise on the new format that the new CDs were derived not from re-equalised master tapes, but from sound-generation tapes that had been equalised for the original vinyl platters. For this 1990 reissue, Led Zeppelin guitarist and producer Jimmy Page himself supervised the mastering process, which was based on Led Zeppelin's archive of master tapes.

Track listing

"Misty Mountain Hop" and "The Rain Song" were not included on the LP edition of the album.

Sales chart performance

Sales certifications

Release history

Personnel
Led Zeppelin
John Bonham – drums, percussion
John Paul Jones – bass guitar, keyboards, mandolin
Jimmy Page – acoustic and electric guitars, production, remastering, digital remastering
Robert Plant – vocals, harmonica

Additional musicians
Sandy Denny – vocals on "The Battle of Evermore".
Ian Stewart – piano on "Rock and Roll"

production
Yves Beauvais – producer
Perry Cooper – executive producer
Bob Defrin – art direction
Larry Fremantle – design
Peter Grant – executive producer
Bob Gruen – photography
Richard "Hutch" Hutchison – design co-ordinator
John Kubick – digital editing and transfers
George Marino – digital remastering
Jennifer Moore – photography and imaging
Aubrey Powell – photography
Jodi Rovin – design
Rhonda Schoen – digital editing and transfers
Chris Wroe – photography and imaging

Led Zeppelin Remasters (Bonus Disc edition)

Led Zeppelin Remasters (Bonus Disc edition) is a three-CD and three-cassette compilation album long-case digipak of remastered material by English rock group Led Zeppelin. The discs came in a multicolour dayglo label reflected on the box set cover. It was released in the US by Atlantic Records on 21 February 1992. This release includes a bonus CD featuring promotional interviews with Jimmy Page, Robert Plant and John Paul Jones, included in a sleeve pouch with liner notes from the original Remasters release.

Revised track listing

Disc three Profiled
1) Led Zeppelin Profile
2–8) Jimmy Page Station Liners
9–20) Jimmy Page interview
21–32) Robert Plant interview
33–43) John Paul Jones interview

Disc three was originally issued under the title Profiled, as a promotional accompaniment to the Led Zeppelin Boxed Set.

Sales chart performance

Sales certification

Release history

Personnel
Led Zeppelin
John Bonham – drums
John Paul Jones – bass guitar, keyboards, mandolin
Jimmy Page – guitars, production
Robert Plant – vocals, harmonica, tambourine

Additional musicians
Sandy Denny – vocals on "The Battle of Evermore"
Ian Stewart – piano on "Rock and Roll"


Maliotenam

Maliotenam (Mani-Utenam in Innu-aimun) is a First Nations reserve in Quebec, located adjacent to the city of Sept-Îles.  Together with Uashat some distance away, it forms the Innu community of Uashat-Maliotenam.


Fibronectin binding protein A

Fibronectin binding protein A (FnBPA) is a Staphylococcus aureus MSCRAMM cell surface-bound protein that binds to both fibronectin and fibrinogen.

It is an adhesin which enables Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to adhere to host cells of another organism, and an invasin facilitating its internalisation into these cells. This is true over a range of different cell types.  The FnBP alone is capable of providing this invasive property, without the requirement of co-receptors. Even FnBP coated beads have been shown to become internalised into cells

S. aureus is able to bind to host cells in the absence of the FnBP, but its adherence and invasive properties are much reduced (up to a 500-fold decrease in number of internalised cells)

Structure

The FnBP inserts into the cell wall of S. aureus by means of a C-terminal LPXTG anchor. Two fibronectin binding domains have been identified - one is present in the C-terminal D repeat region, and one in the N-terminal A region

Mechanism

The fibronectin binding protein is able to bind fibronectin present in the extracellular matrix. Similarly, the α5β1 integrin present on host cells also binds fibronectin to create a link to its actin cytoskeleton, binding via the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif present in fibronectin. Fibronectin is able to act as a ‘bridge’ between S. aureus and the host cell, with both S. aureus and the host cell binding at either end of the molecule, and therefore facilitate adherence.

Clinical significance
The FnBP is involved in adherence to a wide range of mammalian cells and is hence implicated in various infections.

It is implicated in the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis, and is the predominant adhesin for adherence to osteoblasts, a cell type present in large quantities within bone. Few S. aureus cells become internalised into osteoblasts in the absence of the FnBP

FnBPs are essential in the formation of biofilms by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain LAC. They are specifically involved in primary attachment.


Mansour bin Rashid al-Matroushi

Mansour bin Rashid al-Matroushi, born 1979, is a Qatari Islamist-activist and blogger, most commonly known for his 2013 arrest and detention.

Activism and arrest

Context
Following the 2012 coup in Mali and the political instability that followed, Islamist insurgents alongside Tuareg fighters began to make strategic gains. A force of 4,000 French soldiers intervened on January 11. Seven days later a cease-fire agreement was signed between Tuareg fighters and government forces; despite continuing and sporadic terrorist attacks the intervention was considered successful.

France's intervention in the Mali conflict came only two years after their involvement in NATO air-strikes against Muammar Gaddafi’s government forces in Libya.

Letter to French embassy
On January 28th, 2013 al-Matroushi, along with 150 other activists submitted a request to Qatar’s interior ministry to orchestrate a protest in front of the French embassy in Doha. The protest was intended to criticize France’s planned military intervention in Mali.

The activists’ request to hold a protest was denied. Instead, al-Matroushi and a fellow activist, Mohammad Issa al-Baker, delivered a letter to the embassy which directly addressed the French ambassador. The letter, which would later be described as “threatening” by Qatari authorities, was handed to the French on behalf of 70 activists, whose signatures were not included.

The tone of the letter in question is undoubtedly hostile towards French presence in not only Mali, but North Africa as well, claiming that “it is common knowledge that the crimes [France] committed in Algeria martyred more than a million Muslim persons”. It goes on to state that France is currently killing and torturing Malian Muslims, describing its policies as “terrorist” and “racist”. Perhaps the letter's most alarming statement comes in the form of a warning: “We demand that you immediately cease your military campaign in Mali or else you would be exposing yourselves to the wrath of people who love death as much as you love life”.

Within four days of receiving the letter, the French embassy reported it to Qatari authorities on March 7, but refused to comment publicly.

Arrest, detention, and release
In the weeks following delivery of the letter, al-Matroushi had received multiple phone calls from state officials questioning him about his activism and recent activities; he was summoned to report for questioning by authorities but refused. On the 22nd of March both al-Matroushi and al-Baker were arrested by plain clothed officers on their way back from a family trip in Mesaieed (approximately 30 miles south of Doha).

The two men were held in solitary confinement with no official charge, and were re-questioned about the nature of the letter. Sultan al-Khalaifi, a fellow-activist, was quoted defending the letter, saying “the letter we sent to the French embassy carried no threat. It was advice”. Al-Khalaifi was previously associated with Alkarama after his 2011 arrest by Qatari authorities.

After numerous appeals and petitions sent by Amnesty International and other human rights groups, the two men were released on April 18, but were subject to a travel-ban. Al-Matroushi later requested permission to travel to Egypt in order to pursue his education which was granted.

Controversies and ties to extremism
Al-Matroushi's close associate, al-Baker, has been tied to two U.S. designated al-Qaeda financiers and a purported charity that served as a fundraising mechanism for the Al-Nusra Front (al-Qaeda's branch in Syria).

Despite his alleged travel ban, Al-Baker appears in a video of a 2014 aid shipment into Syria (14), furthermore a video was uploaded from Bakr's Twitter account which appears to have been recorded in Turkey. The video promotes Madad Ahl al-Sham, featuring collections and deliveries intended for Syria. Madad Ahl al-Sham was openly endorsed by Nusra Front fighters as well the group's official social media accounts.

Al-Baker also posted to his Twitter account the phone numbers of Sa’ad bin Sa’ad al-Ka’abi and Abd al-Latif bin 'Abdullah al-Kawari. Both al-Ka’abi and al-Kawari were designated as al-Qaeda financiers and facilitators in 2015.

Additionally, Al-Matroushi is associated with Alkarama, which advocated for Matroushi during his detention by authorities. The organization itself has been listed as a terrorist entity by the United Arab Emirates and two of its three founding members, Abdel Rahman al-Nuaymi and Abdul Wahab al-Humayqani, have been designated by the United States government as financiers of terror in 2013. Moreover, Alkarama's legal director, Rachid Mesli, was arrested in Italy on August 19, 2015 under an Algerian warrant through Interpol for his connection to the Islamic Salvation Front.


Titanium(II) sulfide

Titanium(II) sulfide (TiS) is an inorganic chemical compound of titanium and sulfur.

A meteorite, Yamato 691, contains tiny flecks of this compound, making it a new mineral called Wassonite.


OR1A2

Olfactory receptor 1A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR1A2 gene.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.


Yéaoanga

Yéaoanga is a town in the Kayao Department of Bazèga Province in central Burkina Faso. The town has a population of 2,331.


Polymer-drug conjugates

Polymer-drug conjugates are nano-medicine products under development for cancer diagnosis and treatment. There are more than 10 anticancer conjugates in clinical development. Polymer-drug conjugates are drug molecules held in polymer molecules, which act as the delivery system for the drug. Polymer drugs have passed multidrug resistance (MDR) testing and hence may become a viable treatment for endocrine-related cancers. A cocktail of pendant drugs could be delivered by water-soluble polymer platforms. The physical and chemical properties of the polymers used in polymer-drug conjugates are specially synthesized to flow through the kidneys and liver without being filtered out, allowing the drugs to be used more effectively. Traditional polymers used in polymer-drug conjugates can be degraded through enzymatic activity and acidity. Polymers are now being synthesized to be sensitive to specific enzymes that are apparent in diseased tissue. The drugs remain attached to the polymer and are not activated until the enzymes associated with the diseased tissue are present. This process significantly minimizes damage to healthy tissue.

Method of delivery
Most typical deliver of drugs is through the mouth, skin, transmucosal and inhalation. Drug polymer conjugate follow these to some degree, but they are usually administered via injection. Many enzymes in the body decompose the drug if the drug is taken by other means.

Currently Being Tested
The polymer-drug N-(2-Hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-doxorubicin (PK1; FCE28068) shows up to a 5 times reduction in anthracycline type toxicity compared to current treatments. Doses up to 1680 mg/m2 observed no cardiotoxicity. Antitumor behavior was observed at 80–320 mg/m2 of doxorubicin.

Polymers are used for the delivery of drugs and proteins. Some types of polymers being tested now are poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymers have been successful in medical research. Recently there has been a growing interest in polymer conjugation with biologically active components. Such conjugates usually accumulate in tumors and can reduce toxicity in the body. Depending on the desired location, polymer conjugates can be synthesized to either have degradable or non-degradable chemical bonds with their associated drug. To obtain many of many of these bonds the use of peptides or amino acids. There is a strong desire to synthesize polymeric conjugates with bioactive components and other drugs. The tendency of polymer drug conjugate to react with the proper type cell(s) needs to still be worked on, despite many current advances.

Novel Polymer-Based Combinations
By now only traditional chemotherapeutic agents like doxorubicin, paclitaxel, camptothecins and platinates have been clinically tested in drug conjugates. Due to successful clinical proof-of-concept, second-generation conjugates are now being developed. Experimental chemotherapy and novel polymer-based combinations are currently under investigation. Instead of passive targeting developed so far, new approaches will provide receptor-mediated delivery. This will enable selective delivery of anticancer conjugates.

A natural polymer dextrin and pendant chain polyacetals, have shown ability of pH-dependent degradation after incorporation into cell compartments. Also diethylstilboestrol (DES) conjugates can undergo pH-dependent degradation. Polymer-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (PDEPT) is an example of two-step anticancer treatment.


Alf Morgans

Alfred Edward Morgans (17 February 1850 – 10 August 1933) was the fourth Premier of Western Australia, serving for just over a month, from 21 November to 23 December 1901.

Born in Wales, Morgans trained as an engineer, and supervised mining operations in the United Kingdom, Mexico, and Central America. He came to Western Australia in 1896, during the gold rush, and developed the Mount Morgans Gold Mine. Morgans was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia in 1897, representing the seat of Coolgardie. He was appointed premier in late 1901, as a compromise candidate to replace George Leake, but his government was brought down after only 32 days. Leake returned as premier, and Morgans left parliament in 1904, at the end of his term. His career in politics lasted just over seven years, the shortest of any Premier of Western Australia, and only Hal Colebatch served as premier for a shorter period.

Early life and career
Alf Morgans was born at Ochr Chwith Machen Lower, Machen, Monmouthshire in Wales on 17 February 1850.  He was educated at private schools and subsequently attended the Welsh School of Mines. After completing his studies, he was apprenticed to a mechanical engineering firm at Ebbw Vale.

On 19 March 1872, he married Fanny Ridler at Gloucester in England. In 1878, Morgans' employers sent him to Mexico to supervise their gold and silver mines. He worked in Central America for a period of 18 years, representing British investments in mining and railways, especially in Guatemala and Nicaragua, during which time he learned to speak Spanish fluently, and developed an interest in Aztec and Mayan archaeology and sent artefacts to British museums.

Morgans arrived at Albany, Western Australia on RMS Himalaya from London on 18 March 1896, as a representative of Morgans' Syndicate Ltd to inspect mining properties for London-based investors seeking sound investment opportunities. He acquired numerous properties and mining interests throughout the state, including Westralia Mount Morgans, and he was generally considered to be a leading authority on mining investment.

Political career
On 4 May 1897, Morgans was elected to the Legislative Assembly seat of Coolgardie.

In parliament, he was a supporter of Premier Sir John Forrest.  After Forrest resigned from state politics, the former supporters of Forrest continued to work together; the group became known under the moniker of ministerialists.  In November 1901, the ministerialists defeated Premier George Leake on a no-confidence vote, and he was compelled to resign.  However, they were initially unable to agree on a nominee for premier, and when the governor invited Frederick Henry Piesse to form a government, he could not secure enough support.

The ministerialists eventually agreed on Morgans as a compromise candidate, and he took office as premier and colonial treasurer on 21 November 1901, despite having never previous held any ministerial office.

However, in the subsequent ministerial by-election1, supporters of Leake stood against Morgans' newly appointed cabinet, and three of the six new ministers were defeated.  Morgans then asked Governor Lawley for a dissolution of the Assembly, but this was refused.  He resigned as premier on 23 December 1901, and Leake took office again, this time with clearly defined support. Morgans did not re-nominate at the subsequent election.

Later career
Alf Morgans' life after politics consisted of a number of consular appointments in Western Australia.  From 1910 to 1917, he was Austro-Hungarian Consul for Western Australia; in 1915 he was also Vice-Consul for Spain. In 1921 he was appointed Consular Agent at Perth and Fremantle for the United States of America, remaining in the position until 1930, when he resigned due to ill-health.

He died on 10 August 1933 at South Perth in Western Australia.


Outer Drive

Outer Drive is a bypass road which encircles both the eastern and western portions of the Detroit, Michigan region. It resembles a jagged horseshoe and was not originally intended to move traffic as much as it was to provide a pleasurable drive around the City of Detroit and some of its suburbs.

A boulevard for the vast majority of its length, Outer Drive includes travel through beautiful subdivisions, school sites, and park areas. First proposed in 1918, it immediately won acceptance and eventually evolved into the thoroughfare which exists today.  A 1929 article in Michigan Women magazine, predicted a "...great pleasure boulevard..." that would be "...like a necklace around Detroit...."  However, in an article dated August 4, 2004, in the Metro Times, Michigan author Curt Guyette described Outer Drive as "...one of the oddest city thoroughfares in the country." Outer Drive was once famous for the elm trees that lined the wandering roadway at one time, but in a circa-1983 WXYZ-TV report about Outer Drive, reporter Erik Smith of the local ABC affiliate, declared that "...now, it may be more famous for its potholes."

While mostly within the Detroit city limits, Outer Drive also ventures into the cities of Allen Park, Dearborn, Dearborn Heights, Ecorse, Lincoln Park, and Melvindale.

At its western starting point at Jefferson Avenue in Ecorse near the Detroit River, the thoroughfare meanders northwesterly to Michigan Avenue, where it makes a northeast bend along the River Rouge; it then continues northeasterly with several 90 degree angle turns until Outer Drive ends at Livernois Avenue.  Outer Drive then resumes on Detroit's east side, over-taking State Fair Avenue, Conner Avenue, Alter Road, Chandler Park Drive, and Whittier Avenue, with its eastern terminus at Mack Avenue at the northern edge of the City of Grosse Pointe Park, but not actually entering that city.  Outer Drive is notable for having several isolated divided portions.  There are three such segments.  The largest is the westernmost section, beginning at Jefferson Avenue in Ecorse and ending at Livernois Avenue in Detroit—this particular sector is . The middle section is between Dequindre Road (at East State Fair Avenue) and at East McNichols Road (between the Mount Olivet Cemetery and the Coleman A. Young International Airport); that section is  entirely within Detroit. The easternmost section is between Conner Avenue (near Gratiot Avenue) and Mack Avenue; this portion is  and likewise completely inside Detroit.

Unlike other divided highways in Michigan, Outer Drive allows standard left turns on and off of it.  The speed limit on Outer Drive is at most ; it is low since other main urban streets have a speed limit of .


Roger (footballer, born 1996)

Roger Junio Rodrigues Ferreira (born 13 March 1996), commonly known as Roger, is a Brazilian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Riga FC.

Career statistics

Club

Notes


Russian Chapel on the Vršič Pass

The Russian Chapel on the Vršič Pass () is a Russian Orthodox chapel located on the Russian Road on the northern side of the Vršič Pass in northwestern Slovenia. The chapel, dedicated to Saint Vladimir, was built by Russian prisoners of war engaged in forced labor in the area during World War I. It serves as both a war memorial and a symbolic link between Slovenia and Russia.

History

In early 1915, the small town of Kranjska Gora suddenly became strategically important due to its proximity to the Isonzo Front. To facilitate access from the town to the front, the Austro-Hungarian authorities ordered the construction of a military road across the Vršič Pass, a 1,611 m pass between the Sava and Soča Valleys, to be built by Russian prisoners of war (POWs).

The road was begun in May 1915, and was completed by the end of the year. To ensure an uninterrupted supply of materiel to the front lines, the pass was to be kept traversable year-round, and the POWs were forced to clear the road of heavy snowfall. On 8 or 12 March 1916 (sources vary), an avalanche buried a POW work camp, killing approximately 110 prisoners and about 7 guards. During the time of the construction there were more than 380 casualties in total. Exact casualty figures were never determined, either for the victims of the avalanche of for those of the brutal overwork and appalling conditions.

The Russian camp was located roughly halfway up the slope of Vršic. Until November 1916, the remaining prisoners built a small wooden memorial chapel. The building is of typical Russian design, with two small towers on either side of the nave, and is surrounded by prisoners' graves and a pyramid-shaped memorial marker to the immediate right of the chapel, with the Cyrillic inscription reading "To the sons of Russia".

The site was renovated in 2005, at a cost of €90,000, and again in 2010 after a theft of the copper roof plates. The pass road on the Kranjska Gora side from the Erika Hotel to the top was renamed "Russian Road" () in June 2006.


OMNY

OMNY (, short for One Metro New York) is a contactless fare payment system, currently being implemented for use on public transit in New York City and the surrounding area. When OMNY is completely rolled out, it will replace the MetroCard on the New York City Subway, the Staten Island Railway, PATH trains, MTA buses, Bee-Line buses, and NICE buses. OMNY will also expand beyond the current scope of the MetroCard to the Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North Railroad.

The MetroCard, a magnetic stripe card, was first introduced in 1992 and was used to pay fares on MTA subways and buses, as well as on other networks such as the PATH train. Two limited contactless-payment trials were conducted around the New York City area in 2006 and in 2010. However, formal planning for a full replacement of the MetroCard did not start until 2016.

The OMNY system is designed by San Diego-based Cubic Transportation Systems, using technology licensed from Transport for London's Oyster card. OMNY began its public rollout in May 2019, with contactless bank cards and mobile payments accepted at select subway stations and on buses in Staten Island. Full implementation is expected by 2023.

Predecessors

Previous fare media

Subway tokens had been used as the MTA subway and bus systems' form of fare payment since the 1950s. MetroCards made by Cubic Transportation Systems started to replace the tokens in 1992; the MetroCards used magnetic stripes to encode the fare payment. By 2003, the MetroCard was the exclusive method of fare payment systemwide.

Payment system trials
MasterCard and Citibank funded a trial of contactless payments, branded as PayPass. The trial was conducted at 25 subway stations, mostly on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line, beginning in July 2006. The trial was limited to select Citibank cardholders, but it proved popular enough to be extended past its original end date of December 2006.

In light of the success of the first contactless payment trial in 2006, another trial was conducted from June to November 2010. The 2010 trial initially only supported MasterCard-branded cards, expanding to Visa PayWave cards in August. The 2010 trial eventually expanded to include multiple Manhattan bus routes, two New Jersey Transit bus routes, and most PATH stations.

Proposal

In 2016, the MTA announced that it would begin designing a new contactless fare payment system to replace the MetroCard. The replacement system was initially planned for partial implementation in 2018 and full implementation by 2022. In October 2017, the MTA started installing eTix-compatible electronic ticketing turnstiles in 14 stations in Manhattan. The eTix system, already used on the Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North Railroad, allows passengers to pay their fares using their phones. The system would originally be for MTA employees only.

On October 23, 2017, it was announced that the MetroCard would be phased out and replaced by a contactless fare payment system also by Cubic, with fare payment being made using Apple Pay, Google Wallet, Samsung Pay, debit/credit cards with near-field communication enabled, or radio-frequency identification cards. The announcement called for a phased rollout, culminating in the discontinuation of the MetroCard by 2023. The replacement fare system was criticized because the new turnstiles could be hacked, thereby leaving credit card and phone information vulnerable to theft.

Rollout

In June 2018, the MTA revised the timeline for implementation of the then-unnamed new payment system. The first stage of implementation would take place in May 2019. All subway stations would receive OMNY readers by October 2020, in preparation for the launch of a prepaid OMNY card by February 2021. OMNY vending machines would be installed by March 2022, and the MetroCard would be discontinued in 2023.

Initially, there were disagreements about what the payment system should be called; some executives wanted a "traditional" name that resembled the MetroCard's name, while others wanted more unusual names. Possible names included "MetroTap", "Tony", "Liberty" and "Pretzel". The name "OMNY" was eventually chosen as being "modern and universal". The OMNY name was announced in February 2019. "OMNY" is an acronym of "One Metro New York," intended to signify its eventual broad acceptance across the New York metropolitan area.

An internal trial launched in March 2019, involving over 1,100 MTA employees and 300 other participants. Over 1,200 readers were installed in subway stations and buses for the public trial, and the OMNY.info website was created. Weeks before the beginning of the public launched, $85.4 million had been spent on the project, out of a total budget of $644.7 million. OMNY launched to the public on May 31, 2019 on Staten Island buses and at 16 subway stations. At first, OMNY only supported single-ride fares paid with contactless bank cards; mobile payments such as Apple Pay and Google Pay were also accepted, and free transfers between OMNY-enabled routes were available with the same transfer restrictions placed upon the MetroCard. In June and July 2019, Mastercard offered "Fareback Fridays" to promote the system, where it would refund up to two rides made using OMNY on Fridays. The OMNY system reached one million uses within its first 10 weeks and two million uses within 16 weeks. On one day in June, 18,000 taps were recorded from bank cards issued in 82 countries.

In November 2019, the MTA announced its first expansion. Over the following month, 48 additional stations would be outfitted with OMNY readers the following month, thereby bringing the system to all five boroughs, and by January 2020 the system would then be expanded to Manhattan bus routes. Furthermore, the MTA would begin launching pilot programs on Select Bus Service, the city's bus rapid transit system, and add self-service features. By then, over 3 million riders with bank cards from 111 countries had used OMNY. According to an internal MTA report, these riders had used over 460,000 unique payment methods between them, or about 2,000 new payment methods per day. In January 2020, MTA officials announced that OMNY had seen its 5-millionth use, and also that it would expand to 60 more subway stations by the end of the month. In addition, the MTA launched a marketing campaign for OMNY. The system expanded once again the next month, bringing the number of OMNY-equipped stations to more than 180, at which point OMNY had been used over 7 million times.

Timeline

This list excludes other services that are also accessible via free transfer. A green row indicates that the particular line has fully implemented OMNY.

Future plans
At a presentation in May 2019, the MTA's Capital Program Oversight Committee specified the following items to be implemented at an unspecified future date: launch a mobile app, add OMNY readers to Access-a-Ride paratransit vehicles, and add readers on Select Bus Service buses to support all-door boarding. However, the committee expressed concerns that some bank cards would not be accepted, and that OMNY transactions could take longer than MetroCard transactions, increasing crowding at turnstiles.' Unlimited ride options will be available sometime between late 2020 and February 2021, while additional stations will be announced at the middle of every month until all stations have OMNY readers. All-door boarding at Select Bus Service routes with OMNY would begin sometime in early 2020.

, the MTA also plans to use OMNY in the Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North Railroad over "the next several years". In June 2019, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey announced it was in talks with the MTA to implement OMNY on the PATH by 2022. There are no plans for OMNY to be used on NJ Transit, which plans to implement another new fare payment system with a different contractor.

Concerns
The oversight group Surveillance Technology Oversight Project (STOP) has stated concerns about the lack of privacy regulation in the OMNY system, specifically that trip data may be used by the New York City Police Department for police surveillance or might be shared with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to track undocumented immigrants.

In February 2020, the MTA warned that some customers using Apple Pay's Express Transit feature might be accidentally double-charged if they were using a MetroCard. This occurred when riders unintentionally had their phones in proximity to the OMNY readers. At that point, the issue was relatively rare, having been reported 30 times.

Notes


Joshua A. Newville

Joshua A. Newville, known as simply Josh Newville (born August 9, 1984), is an American attorney and gay rights advocate. He is an Associate Attorney at Madia Law LLC, a Minneapolis, MN-based law firm owned by Ashwin Madia specializing in civil rights and employment discrimination civil litigation. In 2014, Newville sued state officials in both South Dakota and North Dakota over the states' bans on same-sex marriage. Newville gained national attention for taking on the last two unchallenged state bans on same-sex marriage in the United States.

Education

Newville earned his J.D., cum laude, from University of Minnesota Law School and his B.A. in Political Science from the University of Minnesota.

Same-sex Marriage Litigation

On May 22, 2014, Newville filed a federal lawsuit, Rosenbrahn v. Daugaard, on behalf of six same-sex couples against South Dakota officials, seeking the right to marry and recognition of marriages performed in other jurisdictions.

On June 6, 2014, Newville filed a similar lawsuit, Ramsay v. Dalrymple, on behalf of seven same-sex couples in North Dakota.

U.S. District Court Judge Karen Schreier heard arguments in Rosenbrahn v. Daugaard on October 17. The state defendants argued she was bound by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit's decision in Citizens for Equal Protection v. Bruning (2006), which Newville argued did not address the questions the plaintiffs raised in his case. On November 14, Judge Schreier denied the defense's motion to dismiss. She found Baker is no longer valid precedent and that Bruning did not address due process or the question of a fundamental right to marry. She dismissed the plaintiffs claim that South Dakota violates their right to travel. She set a briefing schedule to conclude December 8.

On January 12, 2015, U.S. District Court Judge Karen Schreier granted Newville's motion for summary judgment in Rosenbrahn v. Daugaard, striking down South Dakota's ban on same-sex marriage but putting a stay on her order until appeals are exhausted. South Dakota Attorney General Marty Jackley immediately announced that he would appeal the decision to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, and Newville announced that he would also appeal the stay.


Florence–Darlington Technical College

Florence–Darlington Technical College is a 2-year community college in Florence, South Carolina. It is a part of the South Carolina Technical College System.

The Florence-Darlington Technical Education Center was established in 1963 and presently serves Florence, Darlington, and Marion counties.  The College's initial enrollment of 250 students now exceeds 6,000 students. Its original campus of less than  has expanded to nearly  with a modern complex of eight major buildings totaling nearly . Including the SIMT building built in 2009.

The college operates sites in Hartsville, Lake City, and Mullins.  The college also operates a large health sciences complex in downtown Florence entirely devoted to careers in the health arena.

External links
Official website


Tennessee State Route 223

State Route 223 (SR 223) is a state route in Madison County, Tennessee. It runs from SR 138 near Mercer to I-40, just west of Jackson. The highway is the main access road for McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport, the regional airport for Jackson and the surrounding areas. Also, TDOT's Region 4 office is located at the highway's interchange with I-40.

Route Description

SR 223 begins as Shady Grove Road just east of Mercer at an intersection with SR 138. It goes northeast through farmland and wooded areas to pass through Denmark, where it makes a sharp right turn onto Denmark Jackson Road. It then continues north through rural areas to come to a Y-Intersection, where it turns off of Denmark Jackson Road onto Smith Lane. SR 223 then enters then city limits of Jackson, where it passes by McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport and Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Jackson (TCAT) before coming to an intersection with US 70/SR 1. SR 223 then continues north through farmland before coming to an end at an interchange with I-40 (Exit 76).

The portion from the southern terminus to the airport is a rural 2 lane highway and the part from the airport to the northern terminus is a 4-lane divided highway and runs through a mixed rural/industrial area.

Major Intersections


Senna multiglandulosa

Senna multiglandulosa is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by several common names, including glandular senna, downy senna, and buttercup bush. It is native to Mexico, Guatemala, and western parts of South America, but it is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant and in some areas of the world has become naturalized in the wild. In some places it is considered a weed, for example, in New Zealand and New South Wales.

Description
This is a hairy or woolly shrub which can grow to six meters in height, becoming treelike.

The leaves are each made up of several pairs of thick, hairy, oval-shaped leaflets each measuring up to about 4 centimeters long. The leaves are studded with visible resin glands between the leaflets.

The inflorescence is a raceme of several flowers, each with five golden yellow petals measuring 1 to 2 centimeters long. The flower has seven fertile stamens with large anthers and three sterile staminodes. The fruit is a legume pod, flattened or inflated and coated in hairs, reaching up to 12 centimeters long and filled with beanlike seeds.


Kalyi Jag (group)

Kalyi Jag (Romani for "Black Fire") is a Hungarian Romani folk music group.

The group was founded in Budapest by Vlach Roma members who originated from the Szatmár county. It had roots in the Táncház movement. They were named Young Masters of Folk Art in 1979. The first album was released in 1987 and became a success.

The music is based on traditional Romani music, primarily Vlach Roma music, with some modernization in the interpretations and the group has included instruments as the guitar and the mandolin.

Their music style inspired other Romani groups in Hungary. The group is popular in the Roma population in Hungary and neighbouring countries and has held concerts in many European countries.

Early members were
Gusztáv Varga
Ágnes Künstler
József Balogh
József Nagy


Portland Open Invitational

The Portland Open Invitational was a professional golf tournament in the northwest United States on the PGA Tour, played in Portland, Oregon.  Established by Robert A. Hudson with a $10,000 purse in 1944, it was played in from 1944 to 1948 and again from 1959 to 1966. The event was hosted eight times at the Portland Golf Club, and four times at the Columbia Edgewater Country Club. First played as the Portland Open, the revived 1959 event played as the Portland Centennial Open Invitational, in honor of Oregon's centennial of statehood.

Sam Snead won the inaugural event in 1944, and Ben Hogan won in 1945 by fourteen strokes, and also won the 1946 PGA Championship, then a match play event, held at the Portland Golf Club. The club also hosted the Ryder Cup in 1947; the U.S. team was captained by Hogan and won 11–1. Hogan was a runner-up in 1948, a stroke back in an 18-hole playoff.

The tournament was dominated by three-time winners Billy Casper (1959–61) and Jack Nicklaus (1962, 1964–65). Nicklaus' $3,500 win during his rookie season in 1962 concluded three weeks of victories; he took the massive winner's share of $50,000 in the exhibition World Series of Golf in Ohio, and then won his second tour title at the Seattle Open Invitational, which paid $4,300. Both Casper and Nicklaus won at both courses.

Bert Yancey won the last edition in 1966 and took only 102 putts. It stood as the 72-hole record for fewest putts for over a decade, until Bob Menne took 99 at the Tournament Players Championship in 1977.

Tournament hosts

Winners

Playoffs
1963: Knudson chipped in for eagle on the first playoff hole, a par-5, for the win; Rudolph nearly matched it, but his bounced out.
1948: 18-hole Monday playoff: Haas 70 (–2), Hogan 71 (–1), Palmer 75 (+3).


Meurthe (department)

Meurthe () is a former department of France created in 1790. Its prefecture (capital) was Nancy. It ceased to exist following the annexation of Alsace-Lorraine by Germany in 1871.

General characteristics
The department of Meurthe was created on 4 March 1790, during the French Revolution, out of a part of the former province of Lorraine. It took its name from the river Meurthe flowing through it.

As of 1866, Meurthe had 714 communes. Its area was 6,070 km² (2,344 sq. miles). It was divided into 5 arrondissements: Nancy, Château-Salins, Lunéville, Sarrebourg and Toul.

History
After the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-1871, the northeastern part of the Meurthe department was annexed to the German Empire by the Treaty of Frankfurt. On 18 May 1871 about one-third of the Meurthe, corresponding approximately to the arrondissements of Château-Salins and Sarrebourg in the northeast of the department, were detached from Meurthe and annexed to the German Department of Lorraine, becoming part of the Reichsland of Alsace-Lorraine.

The remaining two thirds of Meurthe were merged with one fifth of the Moselle department (arrondissement of Briey, in the extreme west of Moselle, to the northwest of Meurthe) which had escaped German annexation, and on 7 September 1871 the merger gave birth to the new Meurthe-et-Moselle department (area: 5,246 km², compared to 6,070 km² for the former Meurthe), with its prefecture at Nancy.

In 1919, with the Allied victory in the First World War, Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France by Germany at the Treaty of Versailles. However, the old departments of Meurthe and Moselle was not recreated by reverting to the old department borders of before 1871. Instead, Meurthe-et-Moselle was left untouched, and the third of Meurthe and the four fifth of Moselle that had been formed the German Region of Lorraine in 1871 were restituted as the new department of Moselle, whose name is the same as the old department of Moselle but whose borders are quite different.

Population
At the 1866 French census, the Meurthe department had a population of 428,387 inhabitants. In 1872, after the annexation and merger, the new Meurthe-et-Moselle department had a population of 365,137 inhabitants.

At the 1999 French census, if Meurthe still existed it would have had a population of 647,307 inhabitants. On the other hand, in 1999 Meurthe-et-Moselle had a population of 713,779 inhabitants (the industrial area of Briey and Longwy merged in 1871 is more populated than the rural areas of Château-Salins and Sarrebourg lost in 1871).


Buranovskiye Babushki

Buranovskiye Babushki (, ; , Brangurtyś Pesänajos; meaning "Buranovo Grannies") is a Russian ethno-pop band comprising eight elderly women from the village of Buranovo, Udmurtia. Buranovskiye Babushki represented Russia at the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan, where they finished second.

History

Eurovision Song Contest
The group had previously participated on Russia's Eurovision song selection in 2010 with the song "Dlinnaja-dlinnaja beresta i kak sdelat' iz nee ajšon" ("Very long birch bark and how to turn it into a turban"), where they finished third.

They made another attempt to represent Russia by participating on Russia's Eurovision song selection in 2012 with the song "Party for Everybody" which was sung partially in English. The group eventually won, receiving 38.51 points ahead of Eurovision 2008 winner Dima Bilan who also entered the contest with T.A.T.u. member Yulia Volkova with the song "Back To Her Future" which finished second, receiving 29.25 points. They represented Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku, Azerbaijan. The group finished in 2nd place with 259 points, receiving points from 40 countries out of eligible 41 (excluding Switzerland), and were behind the winning country, Sweden, who scored 372 points.

The group say that in 2012 they will use any money raised to build a church in Buranovo.

Fundraising for church rebuilding

In 2010, the group started a fund for the rebuilding of Trinity Church in Buranovo and all of the group's income is donated into this fund. The Trinity Church was originally built, of stone, in 1865, but was closed on 19 September 1939 by the Soviet administration and demolished. The present wooden church is in poor condition.

The brick structure of The Holy Trinity church has been completed. Outside walls are white concrete stucco, and the roof is green metal. The interior is still under construction in early 2014. A stone monument was placed near the church which has a plaque reads (in Russian): "By the Grace of God and hard labor of the music group Buranovskie Grandmothers, on this place will be built a temple to honor the Holy Trinity. This stone laid Oct 28, 2011."

Members

 Grania Baysarova (born 1949)
 Alevtina Begisheva (born 1958)
 Zoya Dorodova (born 1940)
 Galina Koneva (born 1938)
 Valentina Pyatchenko (born 1937)
 Ekaterina Shklyaeva (born 1937)
 Olga Tuktareva (born 1968)
 Nikolay Zarbatov (born 1963 or 1964)

Former
 Elizaveta Zarbatova (1926–2014)
 Natalya Pugacheva (1935–2019)


Anglican Diocese of Asante Mampong, Ghana

The Anglican Diocese of Asante Mampong was inaugurated on 23 November 2014, having previously been within the Diocese of Kumasi. The first Diocesan Bishop of Asante Mampong is Cyril Kobina Ben-Smith, formerly suffragan bishop under the authority of the Bishop of Kumasi. The new Diocese covers a remote rural and forest area of the Ashanti region and supports practical ministry in education, health and the provision of clean water as a part of its Christian mission.

Province and Parishes
Asante Mampong is the 17th Diocese within the Church of the Province of West Africa, 11 of which are in the internal Province of Ghana. The mother church of the Diocese is the Cathedral Church of St Michael and All Angels in Mampong and there are currently parishes established at Kumawu (St Peter), Ejura (St Mary's
), Kwamang (St Andrew), Nsuta (St Joseph), Juaben (St Paul), Odumasi (St Peter), Daaho (St John), Kyiremfaso (St Paul), Abonkoso (St Thomas), Konongo (St Barnabas), Bonkro (St Augustine), Jamasi (St Nicholas sub-parish) and Dromankoma (Christ the King). Five more communities are preparing to receive parochial status: Effiduasi (St Mark), Woraso (St Mary), Agogo Anglican Community, Nobewam (St Anthony) and Kofiase/Benim Anglican Community. There is a larger number of small rural stations.

Cathedral
Raised to cathedral status in 2014, the Cathedral Church of St Michael and All Angels, Mampong, is the centre of mission for the Diocese. The Acting Dean is Bismark Opuku Acheampong and Acting Canon Precentor, Balthazar Obeng Larbi who is also Registrar of the Diocese. A significant number of honorary canons have been appointed from other provinces of the Anglican Communion to support the new Diocese with specific skills.