FC Nikopol

FC Nikopol is a professional Ukrainian football club from the city of Nikopol, Dnipropetrovsk oblast and Makiivka, Donetsk Oblast before 2015. Another FC Nikopol has existed in Nikopol prior to relocation of FC Makiivvuhillya.

History

Makiyivvuhillya (Makeyevugol)

It should be mentioned that previously Makiivvuhillya was represented by a team of the Bazhanov coal mine known as FC Shakhtar Makiivka.

The current club was formed in Makiivka in 2009 and became professional in 2011 entering the Professional Football League of Ukraine and was basid in Makiivka under the name FC Makiyivvuhillya Makiyivka. The name of the club is associated Makiyivka's coal industry, since the city of Makiyivka is close proximity to the city of Donetsk. The football team was created out of the state mining enterprise Makiyivvuhillya in the summer of 2009 to participate in the Coal Industry Cup. In the finals of the Coal Industry Cup, a tournament which Makiyivka defeated SE "Dzerzhynskvuhillya."

After the event the company decided to continue supporting the football team,
with general director Stanislav Tolchin becoming the honorary president of football club.
The President of the club became Anatoly Akimochkin and head coach was Spartak Zhyhulin.

In the winter of 2009 Makiyivvuhillya won the city championship in Makiyivka and finished 3rd in the Donetsk oblast championship.
In 2010 the team became a finalist of the Coal Industry Cup (losing to FC Shakhtar Sverdlovsk) and 3rd place again in the Donetsk oblast championship. In 2011, the team participated in the Ukrainian Amateur championship.

In the Second League the club played its home games at the Bazhanovets Stadium, which was also used by the former Soviet/Ukrainian club Shakhtar Makiyivka (also known as Bazhanovets) but the stadium was found lacking in facilities. Later the club played at Metalurh Stadium in Yenakiieve.

Nikopol-NPHU

In 2014 the club was forced to relocate to Nikopol, Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, due to the 2014 Russian aggression against Ukraine. It also lost its main sponsor Makiyivvuhillya, but in Nikopol the club was taken under its wing the Independent Trade Union of Miners of Ukraine (NPHU) which added own abbreviation to the club's name as Makeyevugol-NPHU. After the 2014–15 season the club formally withdrew from the PFL and reentered under the name of FC Nikopol-NPHU.

The club plays at the stadium of FC Elektrometalurh-NZF Nikopol, while trains at the stadium of FC Kolos Chkalove from Chkalove.

FC Nikopol

During the winter break of the 2016–17 Ukrainian Second League season the club renamed themselves to FC Nikopol.

Other clubs in Nikopol

In Nikopol is another FC Nikopol that participated in the 2007 Ukrainian Amateur Cup and place third in football championships of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in 2009 and 2013. Both FC Nikopol and FC Kolos Chkalove were withdrawn from the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast championship in 2015.

Stadiums

League and cup history

{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
! Season
! Div.
! Pos.
! Pl.
! W
! D
! L
! GS
! GA
! P
!Domestic Cup
!colspan=2|Europe
!Notes
|-bgcolor=SteelBlue
|align=center|2011
|align=center|4th
|align=center|4
|align=center|8
|align=center|2
|align=center|2
|align=center|4
|align=center|6
|align=center|11
|align=center|8
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-bgcolor=PowderBlue
|align=center|2011–12
|align=center|3rd "B"
|align=center|14
|align=center|26
|align=center|5
|align=center|2
|align=center|19
|align=center|17
|align=center|8
|align=center|17
|align=center|  finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-bgcolor=PowderBlue
|align=center rowspan="2"|2012–13
|align=center|3rd "B"
|align=center|12
|align=center|24
|align=center|5
|align=center|2
|align=center|17
|align=center|21
|align=center|58
|align=center|17
|align=center rowspan=2|  finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-bgcolor=PowderBlue
|align=center|3rd "4"
|align=center|4
|align=center|32
|align=center|8
|align=center|3
|align=center|21
|align=center|32
|align=center|71
|align=center|27
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|Relegation group
|-bgcolor=PowderBlue
|align=center|2013–14
|align=center|3rd
|align=center|13
|align=center|36
|align=center|13
|align=center|6
|align=center|17
|align=center|33
|align=center|47
|align=center|45
|align=center|  finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-bgcolor=PowderBlue
|align=center|2014–15
|align=center|3rd
|align=center|8
|align=center|27
|align=center|5
|align=center|6
|align=center|16
|align=center|23
|align=center|45
|align=center|21
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|moved to Nikopol
|-
|colspan=14 align=center|reorganized as FC Nikopol-NPHU
|-bgcolor=PowderBlue
|align=center|2015–16
|align=center|3rd
|align=center|14
|align=center|26
|align=center|2
|align=center|6
|align=center|18
|align=center|18
|align=center|51
|align=center|12
|align=center|  finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-
|colspan=14 align=center|renamed as FC Nikopol
|-bgcolor=PowderBlue
|align=center|2016–17
|align=center|3rd
|align=center|11
|align=center| 	32
|align=center| 12
|align=center|	5
|align=center|15
|align=center|40
|align=center|49
|align=center|41
|align=center|  finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-bgcolor=PowderBlue
|align=center|2017–18
| align="center" |3rd "B"
|align=center|7
|align=center|33
|align=center|11
|align=center|12
|align=center|10
|align=center|36
|align=center|34
|align=center|45
|align=center|  finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-bgcolor=PowderBlue
|align=center|2018–19
| align="center" |3rd "B"
|align=center|10
|align=center|27
|align=center|3
|align=center|4
|align=center|20
|align=center|15
|align=center|54
|align=center|13
|align=center|  finals
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|-bgcolor=PowderBlue
| align="center" |2019–20
| align="center" |3rd "B"
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
|align=center|  finals
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
| align="center" |
|}

Coaches
Makiivvuhillya
 2009-2009 Ihor Yefremenko
 2009-2015 Spartak Zhyhulin
Nikopol-NHPU
 2015-2016 Serhiy Zhytskyi
 2016-2016 Serhiy Valyayev
 2016- Hryhoriy Varzhelenko


Renia Spiegel

Renia Spiegel (18 June 1924 – 30 July 1942) was a Jewish Polish diarist who was killed during World War II in the Holocaust.

Spiegel's diary, kept between the ages of 15 and 18, documents her experience as a teenager living in the city of Przemyśl through World War II as conditions for Jews deteriorated. Spiegel wrote about ordinary topics such as school, friendships, and romance, as well as about her fear of the growing war and about being forced to move into the Przemyśl ghetto. As a diary about the Holocaust, it is unique in that it chronicles experiences under both Soviet and Nazi rule.

Though it was in the possession of Spiegel's family for decades, the diary was not read by others until 2012, and was first published in English in 2019.

Life
Renia Spiegel was born on 18 June 1924 in Uhryńkowce, then in Poland and now in western Ukraine, to Polish-Jewish parents Bernard Spiegel and Róża Maria Leszczyńska. She grew up on her father's large estate on the Dniester River near the border between Poland and Romania, along with a sister six years younger than her, Ariana (now Elizabeth Bellak), who was a child film star in Poland.

In 1938, Spiegel's mother sent her to live with her grandparents in the town of Przemyśl, Poland, while she herself moved to Warsaw to promote Ariana's acting career. Ariana was sent to join Spiegel in Przemyśl during the summer of 1938. Spiegel's grandmother owned a stationery store and her grandfather was a construction contractor. In August 1939, the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the subsequent Nazi invasion of Poland made it impossible for the two girls and their mother to reach each other. Spiegel's father, Bernard, had stayed on the family estate and subsequently disappeared during the ensuing war. Separated from their parents, Ariana later said that Spiegel "was like a mother to me." As the war continued on, Spiegel attended school and socialized in Przemyśl, and in 1940 began to develop a romantic relationship with Zygmunt Schwarzer, the son of a prominent Jewish physician who was two years older than she. Spiegel referred to Schwarzer with the nickname "Zygu".

When the Przemyśl ghetto was established July 1942, Spiegel moved in along with 24,000 other Jews. After about two weeks, Schwarzer, who worked with the local resistance, secretly removed Spiegel from the ghetto and hid her and his own parents in the attic of his uncle's house because they had not received the work permits they would need in order to avoid deportation to concentration camps. An unknown informant told Nazi police about the hiding place, who executed the eighteen-year-old Spiegel along with Schwarzer's parents in the street on July 30, 1942.

Spiegel's mother, sister, and Schwarzer all survived the war and emigrated to the United States.

Diary and publication

History of the diary

Spiegel began to keep her diary on January 31, 1939 when she was fifteen years old. The nearly 700-page diary was mostly kept in secret, and was made of seven school exercise books sewn together. The diary largely discusses Spiegel's everyday school, social, and family life in Przemyśl, touching in particular on her distress at being separated from her mother, her romantic relationship with Zygmunt Schwarzer, fear around the growing war, and the terror of moving into the ghetto. In addition to handwritten entries, the diary contains drawings and original poems. In her final entry on July 25, 1942, Spiegel wrote:My dear diary, my good, beloved friend! We’ve gone through such terrible times together and now the worst moment is upon us. I could be afraid now. But the One who didn’t leave us then will help us today too. He’ll save us. Hear, O, Israel, save us, help us. You’ve kept me safe from bullets and bombs, from grenades. Help me survive! And you, my dear mamma, pray for us today, pray hard. Think about us and may your thoughts be blessed.At the end of July, Schwarzer took possession of the diary and wrote the final entries about hiding Spiegel outside the ghetto and about her death: "Three shots! Three lives lost! All I can hear are shots, shots." Schwarzer left the diary with someone else before he was subsequently sent to the Auschwitz concentration camp. After surviving the camp, Schwarzer brought the diary to the United States, and gave it to Spiegel's mother in 1950. Spiegel's sister Elizabeth (née Ariana) Bellak came into possession of the diary in 1969, and stored it in a bank vault until 2012.

Publication
Though it was in the possession of Spiegel's family for decades, the diary was not read by others until 2012, when Bellak's daughter, Alexandra Renata Bellak, a Manhattan realtor, had it translated to English for the first time by Anna Blasiak and Marta Dziurosz. The diary was published in Polish in 2016 and has since inspired a Polish stage play. Excerpts were first published in English in Smithsonian magazine in 2018. The first full 90,000-word English publication is titled Renia’s Diary: A Young Girl’s Life in the Shadow of the Holocaust, published in the United Kingdom on September 19, 2019 by Ebury Publishing, and distributed by Penguin Books. In the United States, it is titled Renia's Diary: A Holocaust Journal, and was published by St. Martin's Press and distributed by Macmillan Publishers on September 24, 2019. The publication contains a prologue and epilogue by Elizabeth Bellak. This edition was published in Spanish by Plaza & Janés on December 17, 2019.

The diary is also the subject of a documentary film directed by Tomasz Magierski titled Broken Dreams. The film premiered at the United Nations in New York City as part of its Holocaust remembrance program. The film opened at a Polish cinema on September 18, 2019.

Reception
Journalists have compared and contrasted Spiegel's diary with that of Anne Frank, with Robin Shulman of Smithsonian noting that "Renia was a little older and more sophisticated ... She was also living out in the world instead of in seclusion." Also writing for Smithsonian, Brigit Katz said that both Frank and Spiegel were "lucid writers, articulate and insightful in spite of their young age." The Columbia University professor Anna Frajlich-Zajac called the diary "an incredible historical and psychological document, as well as an authentic literary achievement." Writing for The New York Times, Joanna Berendt said, "At a moment when basic agreement over simple truths has become a political battleground and history a weapon, the publication of the book, 'Renia’s Diary,' offers a reminder of the power of bearing witness."


Alison Rodger

Alison Rodger FRSC FRACI CChem (born November 21, 1959) is a Professor of Chemistry at Macquarie University. Her research considers biomacromolecular structures and their characterisation. She is currently developing Raman Linear Difference Spectroscopy and fluorescence detected liner dichroism to understand biomacromolecular structure and interactions with application to the division of bacterial cells.

Early life and education
Rodger was born in Edinburgh to John and Margaret McDougall. She earned her bachelor's, PhD and DSc from University of Sydney. She was awarded the University of Sydney University Medal for theoretical chemistry. Whilst a student, Roger developed Classical Selection Rule (CSR), a procedure that can be used to analyse reaction mechanisms. In 1985 she completed a diploma in Biblical Studies at Moore Theological College. She gained a master's degree at the University of Oxford in 1988. She moved to the University of Warwick for a second DSc, and earned a bachelor's degree in theology at the University of Chester. Rodger was appointed a Beatrice Dale Fellowship at Newnham College, Cambridge from 1985 to 1988.

Research and career
In 1985 Rodger joined Newnham College Cambridge as a Beatrice Dale Research fellow. 1988 Rodger she moved to the University of Oxford as a Unilever Fellow in St Catherine's College. She moved to St Hilda's College in 1991. She developed the UK's first Couette flow linear dichroism facilities. In 1994 Rodger joined the University of Warwick as a Lecturer. She was made a Senior Lecturer in 1998, a Reader in 2003 and a Professor in 2005. Rodger was Head of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Warwick from 2014 to 2016. She was the only woman academic in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory at Oxford and the Department of Chemistry at the University of Warwick for over 11 years. She has been involved with several initiatives to improve gender balance in academic chemistry, including Athena SWAN and a European partnership, PLOTINA (Promoting Gender Balance and Inclusion in Research, Innovation and Training). PLOTINA looked to drive cultural change by developing diverse, inclusive work environments. Under Rodger's leadership, Warwick achieved the fourth institution to achieve silver Athena SWAN status. She was the founder and Director of the Doctoral Training Centre in Molecular Organisation and Assembly in Cells.  The Doctoral Training Centre was one of the first EPSRC-funded DTCs. She developed a postgraduate certificate in transferable skills to support early career researchers.

Rodger is interested in how the structure and arrangement of biomolecules impact their function. She developed the technology for UV- Linear Dichroism spectroscopy. Her lab became the national and international hub of Couette flow Linear Dichroism, allowing scientists to obtain structural and kinetic information about several systems. She demonstrated that it is possible to orient membrane systems of liposomes. Rodgers developed Raman Linear Difference Spectroscopy to study the division of bacterial cells. She designed a new instrument that could measure Raman optical activity and Raman Linear Difference Spectroscopy in an effort to probe the secondary and tertiary structures of biomacromolecules. Her research in the UK was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. Rodger serves on the Advisory Board of the Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank. In 2015 she was named on the Analytical Science Power List. She joined the council at St John's College, Nottingham in 2015. Rodger completed a bachelor's degree in Theology at St John's College whilst working as a Professor of Biophysical Chemistry.  She serves on the Australian Research Council Science and Technology Advisory Panel.

She moved to Macquarie University in 2017, where she is establishing an open-access biophysical spectroscopy facility for collaborators. Alongside investigating circular dichroism of biomacrmolecules, Rodgers has studied molecular electronic systems. She co-led the UK Circular and Linear Dichroism Summer School for over 10 years. She was a member of the Royal Society of Chemistry Council until she left the Uk in 2017. She was very involved in Athena SWAN in the UK and is part of the Athena SWAN expansion in Australia, SAGE.

Books
 2017 Circular Dichroism and Linear Dichroism
 2014 Molecular Geometry
 2010 Linear Dichroism and Circular Dichroism: A Textbook on Polarized-light Spectroscopy

Personal life
Rodgers is married with two children.


The Hermitage (Charles Town, West Virginia)

The Hermitage near Charles Town, West Virginia is historic property which includes several buildings, as well as non-contributing tennis courts and a pool. The oldest structure is a small stone cottage dating to circa 1734, making it one of the oldest buildings in West Virginia. It resembles Prato Rio in nearby Leetown, West Virginia and may date to this property's first owner, Daniel Barnett, who was a partner in the Burr Iron Works (a/k/a the Bloomery forge) circa 1740, the first of its kind in the state. A stone privy is also believed to be the oldest structure of its kind in the state.

The two story wooden farmhouse (incorporating an old log structure in the back) is associated primarily with the Chew family, who moved into the house from Loudoun County, Virginia in the mid-19th century, when Roger Preston Chew was three. The L-shape is due to an incorporated stone cookhouse wing. As a Virginia Military Institute cadet, Chew helped control crowds attending the execution of John Brown after his raid on nearby Harper's Ferry. Col. Roger Chew later became a distinguished Confederate artillery and cavalry officer. During the American Civil War, Chew's flying artillery was engaged in more skirmishes and battles than any battery in the Confederate Army, and Col. Chew eventually commanded five battalions of two batteries.

Both Roger and his brother Robert (who also served in the Confederate light artillery), rebuilt the estate after the war's end, and the interior was extensively remodeled during the Victorian era.

In 1871, Chew married Louise Fontaine Washington, daughter of the last owner of Mount Vernon, at Blakeley. He then became an important business man in the area, as well as a delegate to the West Virginia Legislature from 1882-1888.


Bibliographical Society

Founded in 1892, The Bibliographical Society is the senior learned society dealing with the study of the book and its history in the United Kingdom.

Largely owing to the efforts of Walter Arthur Copinger, who was supported by Richard Copley Christie, the Bibliographical Society was founded in London in 1892; he was the society's first president, and held the post for four years. His own work in the field, however, lacked accuracy.

The Society holds a monthly lecture between October and May, usually on the third Tuesday of the month at University College London.

The first fifty years of the Bibliographical Society were documented in the book The Bibliographical Society, 1892–1942: Studies in Retrospect. The Book Encompassed, a volume of essays marking the Society's centenary was published in 1992.

Objectives
The objectives of the Society are:

 to promote and encourage study and research in the fields of:
   historical, analytical, descriptive and textual bibliography
   the history of printing, publishing, bookselling, bookbinding and collecting
 to hold meetings at which papers are read and discussed
 to print and publish a journal (The Library) and books concerned with bibliography
 to maintain a bibliographical library
 from time to time to award a medal for services to bibliography
 to support bibliographical research by awarding grants and bursaries

Library and archives
The Society's library was housed at Stationers' Hall in the City of London but moved to Senate House in January 2007 where it is now available alongside the resources of the Senate House Libraries.

The Society's archive is housed at the Bodleian Library and may be used by scholars and members of the Society.

Publications
The Society has published a journal since 1893, originally entitled Transactions of the Bibliographical Society. In 1920 it took over publication of The Library (issued since 1889) and adopted that as the main title of the Transactions. (The Library was founded in 1889 by John Young Walker MacAlister.) The different series of the Transactions and The Library are:

Transactions of the Bibliographical Society, vol. 1–15 (1893–1919)
The Library, vol. 1–10 (1889–1898)
The Library, Second/New series, vol. 1–10 (1900–1910)
The Library, Third series, vol. 1–10 (1910–1919)
The Library, Fourth series, vol. 1–26 (1920–1946)
The Library, Fifth series, vol. 1–33 (1946–1978)
The Library, Sixth series, vol. 1–21 (1979–1999)
The Library, Seventh series, vol. 1– (2000– )

The Library (; ) is a quarterly journal and is issued free to members who also receive a copy of all books published by the Society.

In 1937 at the start of the war, Harry Carter (typographer), Ellic Howe, Alfred F. Johnson, Stanley Morison & Graham Pollard started to produce a list of all known pre-1800 type specimens. This project was completed and published April 1940. Because of the war many libraries at the European continent were not accessible anymore.

Gold medal
The Society occasionally awards a gold medal for distinguished services to bibliography to individuals who have made an outstanding contribution to the development of the subject and the furtherance of the Society's aims.


OR2V2

Olfactory receptor 2V2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR2V2 gene.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.


Liyen Chong

Liyen Chong (born 1979) is a New Zealand artist of Chinese-Malaysian descent. Her work is held in the permanent collections of the Christchurch Art Gallery, the University of Canterbury and the National Gallery of Australia.

Biography
Chong grew up in Malaysia and China, and migrated to New Zealand in her mid-teens. She completed a master's degree in fine arts at the University of Canterbury School of Fine Arts in Christchurch in 2003. In 2005, she moved to Auckland.

In 2011, Chong was awarded the prestigious McCahon House Artist's Residency and was artist in residence at McCahon House in Titirangi, Auckland and Tylee Cottage, Whanganui. In 2012 and 2015, she received Asia New Zealand Foundation residencies at the Goyang Art Studio in Seoul, South Korea, and Cemeti Art House in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, respectively.

Chong has become known for her detailed embroidered "drawings" that use human hair as thread; she also works with painted ceramics and prints.


Potala Palace

The Potala Palace is a dzong fortress in the city of Lhasa, in Tibet. It was the winter palace of the Dalai Lamas from 1649 to 1959, has been a museum since then, and is a World Heritage Site since 1994.

The palace is named after Mount Potalaka, the mythical abode of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. The 5th Dalai Lama started its construction in 1645 after one of his spiritual advisers, Konchog Chophel (died 1646), pointed out that the site was ideal as a seat of government, situated as it is between Drepung and Sera monasteries and the old city of Lhasa. It may overlay the remains of an earlier fortress called the White or Red Palace on the site, built by Songtsen Gampo in 637.

The building measures  east-west and  north-south, with sloping stone walls averaging  thick, and  thick at the base, and with copper poured into the foundations to help proof it against earthquakes. Thirteen storeys of buildings, containing over 1,000 rooms, 10,000 shrines and about 200,000 statues, soar  on top of Marpo Ri, the "Red Hill", rising more than  in total above the valley floor.

Tradition has it that the three main hills of Lhasa represent the "Three Protectors of Tibet". Chokpori, just to the south of the Potala, is the soul-mountain () of Vajrapani, Pongwari that of Manjusri, and Marpori, the hill on which the Potala stands, represents Avalokiteśvara.

History

The site on which the Potala Palace rises is built over a palace erected by Songtsen Gampo on the Red Hill. The Potala contains two chapels on its northwest corner that conserve parts of the original building. One is the Phakpa Lhakhang, the other the Chogyel Drupuk, a recessed cavern identified as Songtsen Gampo's meditation cave. Lozang Gyatso, the Great Fifth Dalai Lama, started the construction of the modern Potala Palace in 1645 after one of his spiritual advisers, Konchog Chophel (died 1646), pointed out that the site was ideal as a seat of government, situated as it is between Drepung and Sera monasteries and the old city of Lhasa. The external structure was built in 3 years, while the interior, together with its furnishings, took 45 years to complete. The Dalai Lama and his government moved into the Potrang Karpo ('White Palace') in 1649. Construction lasted until 1694, some twelve years after his death. The Potala was used as a winter palace by the Dalai Lama from that time. The Potrang Marpo ('Red Palace') was added between 1690 and 1694.

The new palace got its name from a hill on Cape Comorin at the southern tip of India—a rocky point sacred to the bodhisattva of compassion, who is known as Avalokitesvara, or Chenrezi. The Tibetans themselves rarely speak of the sacred place as the "Potala", but rather as "Peak Potala" (Tse Potala), or most commonly as "the Peak".

The palace was moderately damaged during the Tibetan uprising against the Chinese in 1959, when Chinese shells were launched into the palace's windows. Before Chamdo Jampa Kalden was shot and taken prisoner by soldiers of the People's Liberation Army, he witnessed "Chinese cannon shells began landing on Norbulingka past midnight on March 19th, 1959... The sky lit up as the Chinese shells hit the Chakpori Medical College and the Potala." It also escaped damage during the Cultural Revolution in 1966 through the personal intervention of Zhou Enlai, who was then the Premier of the People's Republic of China. Tibetan activist Tsering Woeser claims that the palace, which harboured "over 100,000 volumes of scriptures and historical documents" and "many store rooms for housing precious objects, handicrafts, paintings, wall hangings, statues, and ancient armour", "was almost robbed empty". On the other hand, tibetologist Amy Heller writes that "the invaluable library and artistic treasures accumulated over the centuries in the Potala have been preserved."

The Potala Palace was inscribed to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1994. In 2000 and 2001, Jokhang Temple and Norbulingka were added to the list as extensions to the sites. Rapid modernisation has been a concern for UNESCO, however, which expressed concern over the building of modern structures immediately around the palace which threaten the palace's unique atmosphere. The Chinese government responded by enacting a rule barring the building of any structure taller than 21 metres in the area. UNESCO was also concerned over the materials used during the restoration of the palace, which commenced in 2002 at a cost of RMB180 million (US$22.5 million), although the palace's director, Qiangba Gesang, has clarified that only traditional materials and craftsmanship were used. The palace has also received restoration works between 1989 and 1994, costing RMB55 million (US$6.875 million).

The number of visitors to the palace was restricted to 1,600 a day, with opening hours reduced to six hours daily to avoid over-crowding from 1 May 2003. The palace was receiving an average of 1,500 a day prior to the introduction of the quota, sometimes peaking to over 5,000 in one day. Visits to the structure's roof were banned after restoration efforts were completed in 2006 to avoid further structural damage. Visitorship quotas were raised to 2,300 daily to accommodate a 30% increase in visitorship since the opening of the Qingzang railway into Lhasa on 1 July 2006, but the quota is often reached by mid-morning. Opening hours were extended during the peak period in the months of July to September, where over 6,000 visitors would descend on the site.

Architecture

Built at an altitude of 3,700 m (12,100 ft), on the side of Ri Marpo ('Red Mountain') in the centre of Lhasa Valley, the Potala Palace, with its vast inward-sloping walls broken only in the upper parts by straight rows of many windows, and its flat roofs at various levels, is not unlike a fortress in appearance. At the south base of the rock is a large space enclosed by walls and gates, with great porticos on the inner side. A series of tolerably easy staircases, broken by intervals of gentle ascent, leads to the summit of the rock. The whole width of this is occupied by the palace.

The central part of this group of buildings rises in a vast quadrangular mass above its satellites to a great height, terminating in gilt canopies similar to those on the Jokhang. This central member of Potala is called the "red palace" from its crimson colour, which distinguishes it from the rest. It contains the principal halls and chapels and shrines of past Dalai Lamas. There is in these much rich decorative painting, with jewelled work, carving and other ornamentation.

The lower white frontage on the south side of the palace was used to hoist two gigantic thangkas joined together representing the figures of Tara and Sakyamuni during the Sertreng Festival on the 30th day of the second Tibetan month.

The Chinese Putuo Zongcheng Temple, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, built between 1767 and 1771, was in part modelled after the Potala Palace. The palace was named by the American television show Good Morning America and newspaper USA Today as one of the "New Seven Wonders".

The nine storey Leh Palace in Leh, Ladakh, India built by King Sengge Namgyal (c. 1570–1642), was a precursor of the Potala Palace.

The Lhasa Zhol Pillars

Lhasa Zhol Village has two stone pillars or rdo-rings, an interior stone pillar or doring nangma, which stands within the village fortification walls, and the exterior stone pillar or doring chima, which originally stood outside the South entrance to the village. Today the pillar stands neglected to the East of the Liberation Square, on the South side of Beijing Avenue.

The doring chima dates as far back as circa 764, "or only a little later", and is inscribed with what may be the oldest known example of Tibetan writing.

The pillar contains dedications to a famous Tibetan general and gives an account of his services to the king including campaigns against China which culminated in the brief capture of the Chinese capital Chang'an (modern Xian) in 763 during which the Tibetans temporarily installed as Emperor a relative of Princess Jincheng Gongzhu (Kim-sheng Kong co), the Chinese wife of Trisong Detsen's father, Me Agtsom.

Gallery


The Crazysitter

The Crazysitter is a 1994 American crime comedy-drama film written and directed by Michael James McDonald and starring Beverly D'Angelo, Ed Begley Jr. and Lisa Kudrow.  Roger Corman served as an executive producer.

Plot

Cast
Beverly D'Angelo as Edie
Ed Begley Jr. as Paul Van Arsdale
Carol Kane as Treva Van Arsdale
Phil Hartman as The Salesman
Lisa Kudrow as Adrian Wexler-Jones

Reception
Michael Sauter of Entertainment Weekly graded the film a C-.


Laugh Out Loud (TV series)

Laugh Out Loud is a weekly comedy gag show that aired Saturday nights on ABS-CBN hosted by Luis Manzano who is well known for his character as Roldan in Komiks Presents: Flash Bomba. This show aired from December 4, 2010 to June 18, 2011.

Hosts
Luis Manzano
Alodia Gosiengfiao


Raconte-moi...

Raconte-moi... is a 2010 album by jazz singer Stacey Kent. This was Kent's first album recorded in the French language and featured mostly songs by French writers as well as songs from the Great American Songbook and Bossa Nova catalogue.

On  the Billboard charts Raconte-moi featured in the European Top 100 Albums and the top French Albums and reached 13 on the Jazz Albums chart.

Reception
Michael G. Nastos reviewed the album for AllMusic and wrote that "...Kent here fancies herself as a modern-day Edith Piaf, with a very low-key, late-night, romantic approach. Her thin, wispy voice rides very much under the radar of these selections...Harvey's pristine piano is the telling factor on how this music inspires Kent to dig deep into her soul without pulling in demons or being extroverted. ...it is heartfelt and purely soulful no matter the lyrics or language."

Track listing
 "Les Eaux de Mars" (Antonio Carlos Jobim) - 3:38
 "Jardin d'Hiver" (Benjamin Biolay, Keren-Ann Zeidel) - 3:34
 "Raconte-moi..." (Bernie Beaupere, Jean-Karl Lucas, Emilie Satt) - 3:42
 "L' Étang" (Paul Misraki) - 4:24
 "La Vénus du Mélo" (Beaupere, Lucas, Satt) - 3:47
 "Au Coin du Monde" (Biolay, Zeidel) - 4:14
 "C'est le Printemps" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Richard Rodgers) - 4:28
 "Sait-on Jamais?" (Camille Davila, Jim Tomlinson) - 4:12
 "Les Vacances au Bord de La Mer" (Pierre Grosz, Michel Jonasz) - 3:29
 "Mi Amor" (Claire Denamur) - 3:58
 "Le Mal de Vivre" (Monique Andrée Serf) - 4:44
 "Désuets" (Pierre Dominique Burgaud, André Manoukian) - 3:09

Personnel
Stacey Kent – vocals, whistling
Jim Tomlinson – soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone, baritone saxophone, clarinet, kalimba [Sansula]
Graham Harvey – piano
John Parricelli – guitar
Jeremy Brown – bass
Matt Skelton – drums, percussion


2017 AIBA World Boxing Championships – Light heavyweight

The Light heavyweight competition at the 2017 AIBA World Boxing Championships was held from 26 August to 2 September 2017.

Draw

Final

Top half

Bottom half


Resurrection (1960 film)

Resurrection () is a Soviet film made in 1960-1961, directed by Mikhail Shveitser based on Shveitser and Yevgeny Gabrilovich's adaptation of the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy's novel of the same name.

Plot
In the District Court jury listens to the abduction of money and poisoning, which caused the death of a merchant Smyelkov. Among the three accused of the crime appears Philistine Ekaterina Maslova, prostitution. Maslov is innocent, but, as a result of a miscarriage of justice, it is sentenced to four years' hard labor in Siberia.

At the trial, including the jury, there is Prince Dmitri Nekhlyudov, which recognizes the defendant Maslova girl, about ten years ago, seduced and abandoned them. Feeling guilty before Maslova, Nekhlyudov decides to hire a lawyer for her well-known, to submit the case to the appeal and to help with money.

Struck Nekhlyudov injustice in the court, and the ratio of officials to this cause in him a feeling of disgust and aversion to all the people with whom he in the day, after the trial, we have to see and, in particular, to representatives of high society that surrounds it. He thinks quickly rid prisyazhnichestva from the surrounding society and to go abroad. And, talking about it, Nekhlyudov recalled Maslov; first prisoner - what he saw her at the trial, and then, in his mind, one after another, beginning to emerge moments experienced with it.

Cast
Tamara Syomina as Katyusha Maslova
Yevgeny Matveyev as Prince Nekhludov
Pavel Massalsky as Presiding Judge
Viktor Kulakov as Member of the Court
Vasili Bokarev as Member of the Court
Lev Zolotukhin as Prosecutor
Vladimir Sez  as Court Secretary
Vyacheslav Sushkevich as Prison Warden
Nikolai Svobodin as Retired Colonel
Aleksandr Khvylya as Merchant
Alexander Smirnov as Nikiforov
Sergei Kalinin as Member of Workers Collective
Nina Samsonova as Bochkova
Vladimir Boriskin as Kartinkin
  Valentina Vladimirova as prisoner
Nikolai Sergeyev as Supervisor of Prison
Anastasa Zuyeva as Matryona Kharina
Vladimir Gusev as Simonson
Klara Rumyanova as Bogodukhovskaya
 Maya Bulgakova as Anisya
 Vladislav Strzhelchik as Earl Shembok
Vasili Livanov as Kryltsov
 Vladimir Belokurov  as Maslennikov
Nikolai Pazhitnov as Maslova's Lawyer
Valentina Telegina as Korablyova
Olesya Ivanova	as Red-Headed Woman
Mariya Vinogradova as Khoroshavka
Mikhail Sidorkin as Lawyer Fonarin
Grigori Konsky as Korchagin
 Vladimir Vanyshev as Petr Gerasimovitch, teacher
Elena  Yelina as Sofya Ivanovna
Sofya Garrel Garell as Marya Ivanovna
 Rolan Bykov as madman
Aleksandra Panova as Agrafena Petrovna
Aleksei Konsovsky as Commentator

Reception
Tamara Syomina's acting was praised by Federico Fellini and Giulietta Masina.

Awards
 1962 - International Film Festival in Locarno premium FIPRESCI best actress (Tamara Syomina)


Aeolopetra lanyuensis

Aeolopetra lanyuensis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by Shen-Horn Yen in 1996. It is found in Taiwan, where it has been recorded from Lanyu Island.


Walter Sorrells

Walter Sorrells is an award-winning author of mystery and suspense novels for adults and teens. He has written many novels, including Fake I.D., named one of the ten Best Mysteries by Booklist magazine in 2005 and several novels based-on the television series Flight 29 Down. He also writes under the pseudonyms Lynn Abercrombie and Ruth Birmingham.  He graduated from Haverford College in 1985, where he majored in History.

His novel Fulton County Blues, as Ruth Birmingham, won the 2000 Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Paperback Original.

Bibliography

As Lynn Abercrombie
 The Body Box (2005)
 Blind Fear (2006)

As Ruth Birmingham
 Atlanta Graves (1998)
 Fulton County Blues (1999)
 Sweet Georgia (2000)
 Blue Plate Special (2001)
 Cold Trail (2002)
 Feet of Clay (2006)

As Walter Sorrells
 Power of Attorney (1995)
 Will to Murder (1996)
 Cry for Justice (1996)
 Proof of Intent (2002)
 Fake I.D. (2005)
 The Silent Room (2006)
 Club Dread (2006)
 Static (2006) (Flight 29 Down)
 Scratch (2006) (Flight 29 Down)
 Ten Rules (2006) (Flight 29 Down)
 First Shot (2007)
 White Out (2007)
 On Fire (2007) (Flight 29 Down)
 Survival (2007) (Flight 29 Down)
 Erratum (2008)
 The Travelers (2009)


Views on the Kyoto Protocol

This article is about certain views on the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

A 2007 study by Gupta et al. assessed the literature on climate change policy, which showed no authoritative assessments of the UNFCCC or its Protocol that assert these agreements have, or will, succeed in fully solving the climate problem. It was assumed that the UNFCCC or its Protocol would not be changed. The Framework Convention and its Protocol include provisions for future policy actions to be taken.

Some environmentalists have supported the Kyoto Protocol because it is "the only game in town," and possibly because they expect that future emission reduction commitments may demand more stringent emission reductions (Aldy et al.., 2003, p. 9). Some environmentalists and scientists have criticized the existing commitments for being too weak (Grubb, 2000, p. 5). On the other hand, many economists think that the commitments are stronger than is justified. Particularly in the US, many economists have also been critical of the failure to include quantified commitments for developing countries (Grubb, 2000, p. 31).

Commentaries on negotiations

The choice of 1990 as the main base year remains in Kyoto, as it does in the original Framework Convention (UNFCCC). The importance of the choice of base year was discussed by Liverman (2008). According to Liverman (2008), the idea of using historical emissions as a basis for the Kyoto targets was rejected on the basis that good data was not available prior to 1990. Liverman (2008), however, commented that a 1990 base year favours several powerful interests including the UK, Germany and Russia. This is because these countries had high  emissions in 1990.

 In the UK following 1990, emissions had declined because of a switch from coal to gas ("Dash for Gas"), which has lower emissions than coal. This was due to the UK's privatization of coal mining and its switch to natural gas supported by North Sea reserves. Germany benefited from the 1990 base year because of its reunification between West and East Germany. East Germany's emissions fell dramatically following the collapse of East German industry after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Germany could therefore take credit for the resultant decline in emissions.

According to Liverman (2008), some of the former Soviet satellites wanted a base year to reflect their highest emissions prior to their industrial collapse. A high emissions baseline was an advantage for countries whose emissions had subsequently fallen due to economic collapse. On the other hand, some of the former Soviet countries regard their emissions surplus as compensation for the trauma of economic restructuring.

Japan promoted the idea of flexible baselines, and favoured a base year of 1995 for HFCs. Their HFC emissions had grown in the early 1990s as a substitute for CFCs banned in the Montreal Protocol.

Liverman (2008) argued that countries, such as the US, made suggestions during negotiations in order to lower their responsibility to cut emissions. These suggestions included the inclusion of carbon sinks (the carbon absorbed annually by forests and other land cover) and having net current emissions as the basis for responsibility, rather than historical emissions.

Another perspective on negotiations was provided by Grubb (2003). The final days of negotiation of the Protocol saw a clash between the EU and the US and Japan. The EU aimed for flat-rate reductions in the range of 10–15% below 1990 levels, while the US and Japan supported reductions of 0–5%. Countries that had supported differentiation of targets between countries had different ideas on how it should be calculated, and many different indicators were proposed, e.g., targets that were related to GDP, energy intensity (energy use per unit of economic output), and so on. According to Grubb (2003), the only common theme of these indicators was that each proposal suited the interests of the country making the proposal.

Aldy et al. (2003) commented on the Kyoto targets and how they related to economic growth. Considering the growth of some economies and the collapse of others since 1990, the range of implicit targets is much greater than that suggested by the Kyoto targets. According to Aldy et al. (2003), the US faced a cut of about 30% below "business-as-usual" (BAU) emissions (i.e., projected emissions in the absence of measures to limit emissions), which is more stringent than that implied by its Kyoto target (a 7% reduction in emissions compared to 1990 levels).  This contrasts with Russia and other Kyoto "economies in transition" (EITs), who, according to Aldy et al. (2003), faced Kyoto targets that allowed substantial increases in their emissions above BAU.

Grubb (2003), however, commented that the US, having per-capita emissions twice that of most other OECD countries, was vulnerable to the suggestion that it had huge potential for making reductions. From this viewpoint, the US was obliged to cut emissions back more than other countries. Grubb (2003) also commented that for two or three years after the Kyoto agreement, the usual economic perspective was that emissions from the EITs would rise sharply as their economies recovered. In reality, however, emissions of the EITs failed to grow as many models had predicted.

In August 2012, in a speech given at his alma mater, Todd Stern — the US Climate Change envoy — expressed the challenges of the UNFCCC process as follows, “Climate change is not a conventional environmental issue...It implicates virtually every aspect of a state’s economy, so it makes countries nervous about growth and development. This is an economic issue every bit as it is an environmental one.”  He went on to explain that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is a multilateral body concerned with climate change and can be an inefficient system for enacting international policy. Because the framework system includes over 190 countries and because negotiations are governed by consensus, small groups of countries can often block progress.

General comments

Baylis et al. (2011)  argued that a successful international climate policy would require additional emission reductions from developing countries such as China and India.

Support
In September 2012 the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency and the European Commission's Joint Research Centre released a detailed study which showed that the 37 main Kyoto nations plus the U.S. (which did not ratify the treaty) have emitted 7.5 per cent less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere in 2010 than in 1990.

The Bush Administration's rejection of Kyoto could have led to its failure (Grubb, 2002, p. 140). In the view of Grubb (2002), the EU's subsequent decision to support the Protocol was key. Environmental organization the Environmental Defense Fund have been supportive of the Protocol (EDF, 2005). Jonathan Pershing, director of the Climate and Energy Program at the World Resources Institute, stated that the Protocol "makes it clear that the world takes the global warming problem seriously" (Pershing, 2005).

The United Nations has issued reports favoring the Kyoto Protocol. Supporters of Kyoto stated it is a first step towards meeting the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC, which is to prevent dangerous climate change. They state that the Protocol will be revised in order to meet this objective, as is required by UNFCCC Article 4.2(d).

In 2001, sixteen national science academies stated that ratification of the Protocol represented a "small but essential first step towards stabilising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases." In 2005, the national science academies of the G8 nations and Brazil, China and India made a statement where they "urged" all nations to "take prompt action to reduce the causes of climate change, adapt to its impacts and ensure that the issue is included in all relevant national and international strategies." They stated that these actions should be taken in line with UNFCCC principles.

An international day of action was planned for 3 December 2005, to coincide with the Meeting of the Parties in Montreal. The planned demonstrations were endorsed by the Assembly of Movements of the World Social Forum.

A group of major Canadian corporations also called for urgent action regarding climate change, and have suggested that Kyoto is only a first step.

Criticism

Some argue the protocol does not go far enough to curb greenhouse emissions (Niue, The Cook Islands, and Nauru added notes to this effect when signing the protocol). Some environmental economists have been critical of the Kyoto Protocol. Many see the costs of the Kyoto Protocol as outweighing the benefits, some believing the standards which Kyoto sets to be too optimistic, others seeing a highly inequitable and inefficient agreement which would do little to curb greenhouse gas emissions.

Stavins (2005) criticized the Protocol as doing "too little, too fast," in that it asks for excessively costly short-term reductions in emissions, without determining what should be done over longer timeframes (Stern 2007, p. 478). Over longer timeframes, there is more flexibility to make reductions in line with normal cycles of capital stock replacement. At the time of the Protocol's first commitment period, in 1997, it provided a 15-year window for action. The Protocol does not provide any guidance or formulae linking the action required in the first commitment period to an overall global quantity constraint on emissions, or to a long-term timetable for emissions reductions. In the view of Stern (2007), this lack of a long-term goal, coupled with problems over incentives to comply with emission reduction commitments, prevented the Protocol from providing a credible signal for governments and businesses to make long-term investments.

Some have heavily criticized the Protocol for only setting emission reductions for rich countries, while not setting such commitments for the fast-growing emerging economies, e.g., China and India (Stern 2007, p. 478). Australia (under Prime Minister John Howard) and the US subsequently did not ratify the Protocol, although Australia has since ratified the treaty. A number of other countries have not taken strong steps to implement it. Developing countries did take on obligations under the Protocol, but these were unquantified and allowed climate change to be addressed as part of wider national policies on sustainable development.

In his 2009 book ("Storms of my Grandchildren") and in an open letter to US President Obama, climate scientist James Hansen criticized the Kyoto Protocol for being ineffective.

In May 2010 the Hartwell Paper was published by the London School of Economics in collaboration with the University of Oxford. This paper was written by 14 academics from various disciplines in the sciences and humanities, and also some policies thinkers, and they argued that after the failure of the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Summit, the Kyoto Protocol crashed  and they claimed that it "has failed to produce any discernable real world reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases in fifteen years." They argued that this failure opened an opportunity to set climate policy free from Kyoto and the paper advocates a controversial and piecemeal approach to decarbonization of the global economy. The Hartwell paper proposes that "the organising principle of our effort should be the raising up of human dignity via three overarching objectives: ensuring energy access for all; ensuring that we develop in a manner that does not undermine the essential functioning of the Earth system; ensuring that our societies are adequately equipped to withstand the risks and dangers that come from all the vagaries of climate, whatever their cause may be."

The overall umbrella and processes of the UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol have been criticized for not having achieved the stated goals of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide (the primary culprit blamed for rising global temperatures of the 21st century).

Economics

The flexibility mechanisms that are defined in the Protocol could allow the Annex B countries to meet their emission reduction commitments at a significantly reduced cost (Bashmakov et al.., 2001, p. 402; Goulder and Pizer, 2006, p. 12). Actual costs will be determined by how individual countries decide to meet their commitments. This can involve the use of the international flexibility mechanisms, but domestic policies can also contribute, such as raising taxes on gasoline or regulatory fines for major polluters.

The Kyoto Protocol was designed to be efficient and equitable (Toth et al.., 2001, p. 660), but it has been subject to criticism (Stern, 2007, p. 478). Nordhaus (2001) drew attention to the inefficiencies of the Kyoto Protocol's flexibility mechanisms. Nordhaus explained that meeting the emission reduction commitments specified in the Kyoto-Bonn Accord, using the quantity-type instruments as defined in the Protocol, would be less efficient compared to a situation where price-type instruments were used, e.g., a harmonized carbon tax (comparisons of quantity-type and price-type instruments are included in the carbon tax and emissions trading articles). Nordhaus suggested that given the Protocol's large costs and small benefits, it might be better for it to be redesigned along the lines of a global carbon tax. Other economists such as Gwyn Prins and Steve Rayner, think an entirely different approach needs to be followed than suggested by the Kyoto Protocol.

The issue of the efficient (or "optimal") path for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions depends on various assumptions (Klein et al.., 2007). Some of these assumptions, e.g., aggregating impacts across regions and over time, rely on value judgements (Azar, 1998; Fisher et al.., 2007). In Nordhaus's analysis, the implied emissions path of the Kyoto-Bonn Accord is more aggressive than that suggested in his analysis (Klein et al.., 2007). In other words, the efficient abatement path for emissions in Nordhaus's analysis, suggests more gradual near-term emissions abatement than that implied by Kyoto's emission reduction commitments. This is a common finding of economic cost-benefit analysis, and is driven by low estimates of marginal (or incremental) climate change damages (the social cost of carbon).

U.S. History with the Protocol

Clinton Administration
Vice President Al Gore was a main participant in putting the Kyoto Protocol together in 1997. President Bill Clinton signed the agreement in 1997, but the US Senate refused to ratify it, citing potential damage to the US economy required by compliance. The Senate also balked at the agreement because it excluded certain developing countries, including India and China, from having to comply with new emissions standards.

Bush administration
Similar objections to the Kyoto Protocol were why the Bush administration refused to sign. They argued the division between Annex 1 and developing countries was unfair, and that both countries needed to reduce their emissions unilaterally. President George W. Bush claimed that the cost of following the Protocols requirements will stress the economy.

Al Gore accused Bush of showing the world "a stunning display of moral cowardice."  "Kyoto's ability to survive the near-fatal attacks of the Bush administration is testimony to the urgency of the climate problem." Worldwatch Institute  Laurie David, Natural Resources Defense Council said, "As the world celebrates the global warming pact's debut, Bush continues to pander to the energy industry."

Obama Administration
President Obama was elected under widespread belief that shortly after arriving in office he would take swift and decisive action to join the world in reducing GHG emissions and therefore helping battle global climate change. According to The American, “Obama was widely expected to quickly pass a Kyoto-style domestic cap-and-trade program for greenhouse gases, positioning America to take the moral high ground in Copenhagen, thus luring (or compelling) China and India to accept emissions targets.". Signing the Kyoto protocol seemed like the logical first step so it came as a surprise when he rejected the Kyoto protocol for reasons similar to those of former president Bush. According to The American, “the treaty’s fundamental flaws were well understood: It set very ambitious—and costly—targets for the United States while allowing emissions from the developing world to continue to rise unchecked. (And indeed today, despite Kyoto’s ratification, China has become the world’s leading emitter of greenhouse gases.) Americans don’t mind contributing to a solution, but Kyoto asked a lot of sacrifice for little reward.”. President Obama was also expected to represent the U.S in Copenhagen and negotiate terms for the extension of the Kyoto Protocol past 2012.
Yet instead of the U.S. contributing to the development and signing of a Kyoto-like treaty, the U.S. is suggesting extreme modifications of the Kyoto emission management system and precipitating intense debates and clashes over the treaty which will follow Kyoto. Many countries fear these new treaty additions will paralyze negotiations and stop many of the countries currently under the Kyoto Protocol from re-signing as well as stop new countries, like China and India, from signing. “the Obama administration’s proposals could undermine a new global treaty and weaken the world’s ability to stave off the worst effects of climate change.”

Many people feel that the combination of the U.S not signing the Kyoto Protocol (ensuring it will run out in 2012) and the U.S. attempt to change almost the entire architecture of the Kyoto Protocol in Copenhagen means the end of the Kyoto Protocol as we know it and perhaps a new global climate treaty. “If Kyoto is scrapped, it could take several years to negotiate a replacement framework, a delay that could strike a terminal blow at efforts to prevent dangerous climate change. In Europe we want to build on Kyoto, but the US proposal would in effect kill it off. If we have to start from scratch then it all takes time. It could be 2015 or 2016 before something is in place, who knows."

Objections to the Kyoto Protocol and U.S refusal to sign

The Kyoto Protocol was a huge leap forward towards an intergovernmental united strategy to reduce GHG’s emissions globally. But it wasn’t without its objections. Some of the main criticisms were against categorizing different countries into annexes, with each annex having its own responsibility for emission reductions based on historic GHG emissions and, therefore, historic contribution to global climate change.  “Some of the criticism of the Protocol has been based on the idea of climate justice." This has particularly centered on the balance between the low emissions and high vulnerability of the developing world to climate change, compared to high emissions in the developed world.” Other objections were the use of carbon off-sets as a method for a country to reduce its carbon emissions. Although it can be beneficial to balance out one GHG emission by implementing an equal carbon offset, it still doesn’t completely eliminate the original carbon emission and therefore ultimately reduce the amount of GHG’s in the atmosphere.

Notes


Eleanor Davies (poet)

Eleanor Davies (1590–1652) was a prolific English writer and prophet, publishing almost 70 pamphlets during her lifetime.

Biography
The fifth daughter of George Tuchet, eleventh Baron Audley, she was learned in Latin, theology and law. In 1609, she married Sir John Davies, by whom she had three children. In 1625, she began caring for George Carr, a 13-year-old Scottish boy who was deaf-mute. While living with Davies, he began to utter prophecies and on 28 July 1625, Davies herself began prophesying.

The same year she published her first pamphlet, A Warning to the Dragon and All his Angels, which related the Book of Daniel to contemporary political events.

John Davies disliked Davies' prophesying and burned at least one of her manuscripts. Scholar Diane Watt recounts that she responded "by dressing in widow's weeds and predicting that he would die in less than three years. One day in December of the following year, she began to weep uncontrollably during dinner, and three days later her husband died."

In 1627, Davies married Sir Archibald Douglas, a professional soldier. He also destroyed her manuscripts.

Many of Davies's prophecies were based on anagrams. For instance, she read her own name Eleanor Audelie as "Reveale O Daniel". Henrietta Maria consulted her during her first pregnancy, although her relationship with the royal family was rocky. (She had foretold the death of the Duke of Buckingham, to the king's displeasure.)

Davies was involved in several legal disputes during her life. After her first husband's death, she lost possession of her home at Englefield for a time, as well as her estate at Pirton. Later, after smuggling her illegally printed prophecies back into England from Amsterdam, she was arrested and fined £3000 and imprisoned. After her release, she was arrested again and sent to Bedlam for pouring tar over the altar at Lichfield Cathedral. Later in 1638 she was moved to the Tower, from which she was released in 1640. She was arrested twice more for debt and infringement of publishing laws.


The 1836 United States presidential election in Maryland took place between November 3 and December 7, 1836, as part of the 1836 United States presidential election. Voters chose 10 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for President and Vice President.

Maryland voted for Whig candidate William Henry Harrison over the Democratic candidate, Martin Van Buren. Harrison won Maryland by a margin of 7.46%.

Results


Dornier Do P

The Dornier Do P was a German four-engined heavy bomber, manufactured by Dornier Flugzeugwerke in the 1930s. It was built as part of the secret rearmament of Germany, in opposition to the Treaty of Versailles.

Design and development
Construction of the Do P began in July 1929, and its first flight took place on March 31, 1930. The aircraft was tested in such places as Lipetsk. The Do P was a monoplane constructed mainly of metal, but covered in some places by fabric. The aircraft was powered by four nine-cylinder Siemens Jupiter VI, each with 530 horsepower. The aircraft had a crew of six. It was eventually developed into the Dornier Do 11.

Specifications


Phyllonorycter salicifoliella

Phyllonorycter salicifoliella is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is widespread across North America, from Mississippi to Ontario in the east and from southern California to northern British Columbia in the west.

The length of the forewings is 3–4 mm. Adults are on wing from July to mid-August and again from late August to November in two generations.

The larvae mostly feed on Salix species, including Salix alba, Salix amygdaloides, Salix babylonica, Salix bebbiana, Salix bonplandiana, Salix caroliniana, Salix eriocephala, Salix lasiolepis, Salix "longifolia", Salix lutea, Salix monticola, Salix purpurea, Salix x rubens (Salix alba x Salix fragilis), Salix scouleriana and Salix sericea, but may also feed on Populus species, including Populus balsamifera and Populus tremuloides. They mine the leaves of their host plant.


Nathan Ross Margold

Nathan Ross Margold (1899 - December 17, 1947) was a Romanian-born American lawyer. He was a municipal judge in Washington, D.C., and the author of the 1933 Margold Report to promote civil rights for African-Americans through the courts. He was also a supporter of Native American civil rights. In addition to his legal career, Margold is remembered as the father of adult film pioneer William Margold.

Early life
Nathan Ross Margold was born in Iași, Romania in 1899, to Wolf Margulies and Rosa Kahan. He was brought to the United States at age two. Growing up in Brooklyn, he graduated from City College of New York in 1919. Margold then attended Harvard Law School. He was a "protege" of Felix Frankfurter.

Career
Margold began his career by teaching the Law at his alma mater, the Harvard Law School. In 1933, Margold wrote the Margold Report, a "blueprint" for the NAACP to advance civil rights for African-Americans through the courts.

Margold worked as a lawyer  in the United States Department of the Interior from 1933 to 1942, including as an aide to Interior Secretary Harold L. Ickes. In 1940, he wrote the introduction to the Handbook of Federal Indian Law by Felix S. Cohen. Margold believed that Indian self-governance was "a revealing record in the development of our American constitutional democracy."

Margold was a member of the Modern Forum of the League for Peace and Democracy, an organization named as a "Communist front organization" by witnesses during a hearing of the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1938.

Margold served as a judge on the municipal court of appeals for the District of Columbia from 1942 to 1947.

Death
Margold died on December 17, 1947 in Washington, D.C.


Romanovsky and Phillips

Romanovsky & Phillips is a gay singing duo named after its members, Ron Romanovsky and Paul Phillips. They are best known for their original recordings and live performances featuring songs combining humor with poignant observations about the lives of gay men (and to a lesser extent, lesbian women) in contemporary American society.

Romanovsky & Phillips began their career at San Francisco's Valencia Rose Cafe in 1982, as the musical break for Gay Comedy Open Mike Night. They mounted their first national tour in the fall of 1983. They toured extensively in the United States, Canada and Australia. Over the years the duo released seven albums under the "Fresh Fruit" label. Sydney Daily Mirror described them as "delightful and entertaining Ambassadors of Homosexuality." Originally a romantic couple, the two ended that aspect of their relationship in the early 1990s, but continued to record and perform together, describing themselves as "a gay Sonny and Cher" (who had also briefly continued their professional collaboration following their divorce).  In 1998 they presented their full-length musical, Jayson, at the 45th Street theatre in New York. A year later the duo decided to take some time off the road.  While Phillips put music on hold to pursue other interests, Romanovsky took up a new instrument: the accordion.  In 2002 he released a solo album in French, Je m'appelle Dadou.

In 2004, Ron was commissioned to write a "circus opera" for Nurses for the Rights of the Child, a group of labor and delivery nurses who are conscientious objectors to male circumcision.  After two years of writing and several workshop performances, It's A Boy! was premiered in August, 2006 at the 9th International Symposium on Circumcision, Genital Integrity and Human Rights at the University of Washington in Seattle.  The opera featured  music written for accordion, violin and five vocalists. A recording was released concurrently.

Immediately following up It's A Boy! came the release of Pittsburgh to Paris, marking Ron's return to song writing.

In December, 2006, Fresh Fruit Records re-released all of R&P's recordings. In 2007 Ron returned to the concert stage, this time fronting a four-piece band and performing his newest material along with several updated R&P chestnuts.  The year culminated in a sold-out show in Taos, New Mexico, where Ron shared the bill with comic Vicki Shaw.  His newest recording, Turn Up the Fun!, released in January 2008, is a return to his queer music roots, offering 14 original tracks featuring the characteristic satire, off-beat observations and poignancy that fans have come to expect.

Currently, Romanovsky performs frequently in and around his adopted hometown of Santa Fe with his quartet, "Welcome to Bohemia", in addition to performing with pianist/vocalist Charles Tichenor in their annual musical tribute to France, "April in Paris".

In February, 2010 Ron made his first music video "The Sanctity of Marriage" which can be seen on YouTube .

Discography
 I Thought You'd Be Taller - 1984
 Trouble In Paradise - 1986
 Emotional Rollercoaster - 1988
 Be Political, Not Polite - 1991
 Hopeful Romantic - (Ron Romanovsky, solo) 1992
 Brave Boys - ("best of" collection) 1994
 Let's Flaunt It - (live) 1995
 Je m'appelle Dadou - (Ron Romanovsky, solo) 2002
 It's A Boy! - (a circus opera by Ron Romanovsky) 2006
 Pittsburgh to Paris - (Ron Romanovsky, solo) 2006
 Turn Up the Fun! - (Ron Romanovsky, solo) 2008


Tamara Milashkina

Tamara Andreyevna Milashkina (born 13 September 1934) is a Russian lyric and dramatic soprano.

Born in Astrakhan, she studied with , and became a member of the Bolshoi Opera in 1958, where she remained one of the leading sopranos until 1989.  The soprano also appeared at the Teatro alla Scala, and throughout Europe. She toured extensively with the Bolshoi, including to the Metropolitan Opera, in 1975.  In 1973, she received the title, People's Artist of the USSR.

At the Scala, the soprano appeared in La battaglia di Legnano (conducted by Gianandrea Gavazzeni, 1962), Pique-dame (1964), War and Peace (1964), Eugene Onegin (1973), and Prince Igor (1973).

Milashkina recorded extensively for Melodiya, including the 1974 recording of her most famous role, Lisa in Pique-dame, opposite her husband, tenor Vladimir Atlantov, with Bolshoi forces conducted by Mark Ermler.


Memorial Acclamation

The Memorial Acclamation is an acclamation sung or recited by the people after the institution narrative of the Eucharist. They were common in ancient eastern liturgies and have more recently been introduced into Roman Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, and Methodist liturgies.

Liturgy of St James

The Liturgy of St James is the principal liturgy of the Syriac Orthodox Church, Syriac Catholic Church, Syro-Malankara Catholic Church, Maronite Church, and Malankara Orthodox Church. It is also occasionally used in the Eastern Orthodox Church and Melkite Catholic Church and other Eastern Catholic Churches of Byzantine Rite.

In the Syriac form of this liturgy, after the Words of Institution, to which the people respond with "Amen" after the formula for the blessing of the bread and again after the formula for the blessing of the chalice, the priest celebrant says: "Do in remembrance of Me when you partake of this sacrament, commemorating My death and My resurrection until I come." The people then respond with the acclamation: "Your death, our Lord, we commemorate, Your resurrection we confess and Your second coming we wait for. May Your mercy be upon us all."

In the Byzantine form of the Liturgy of St James, the priest celebrant says: "This do in remembrance of me; for as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do show forth the Lord's death, and confess His resurrection, till He comes." The people respond: "We show forth Thy death, O Lord, and confess Thy resurrection."

Roman Rite
The Memorial Acclamation was introduced into the Roman Rite of Mass in 1969 as part of the revision of the Roman Missal by Pope Paul VI. Previously the only acclamations by the people in the eucharistic prayer were the Sanctus and the Amen to the final doxology.

The three acclamations

The three acclamations given in the Roman Missal are, in the official English translation, as follows:

The initial edition of the Roman Missal in English, which in part was a more dynamic rather than literal translation of the original, had instead the following four acclamations:
 Christ has died, Christ is risen, Christ will come again.
 Dying you destroyed our death, rising you restored our life.  Lord Jesus, come in glory.
 When we eat this bread and drink this cup, we proclaim your death, Lord Jesus, until you come in glory.
 Lord, by your cross and resurrection, you have set us free. You are the Saviour of the world.

Mysterium fidei

As a lead to the Memorial Acclamation, the priest says or sings: "The mystery of faith".

This introductory phrase, mysterium fidei in the Latin original, was previously translated loosely into English as "Let us proclaim the mystery of faith", and in some places was sung or spoken by the deacon instead of the priest in spite of the clear instruction in the Missal itself and in the apostolic constitution Missale Romanum with which Pope Paul VI promulgated the revision of the Roman Missal. The English translation was corrected in 2011 and now reads simply: "The mystery of faith".

Mysterium fidei in the Tridentine Mass

Before the 1969 revision of the Roman Missal, the phrase mysterium fidei was included in the formula of consecration of the wine spoken inaudibly by the priest, appearing as follows (here accompanied by an unofficial English translation):

Text (in Latin)

Simili modo postquam cenatum est,
accipiens et hunc praeclarum calicem
in sanctas ac venerabiles manus suas:
item tibi gratias agens, benedixit,
deditque discipulis suis, dicens:
Accipite, et bibite ex eo omnes.
Hic est enim calix sanguinis mei,
novi et aeterni testamenti:
mysterium fidei:
qui pro vobis et pro multis effundetur
in remissionem peccatorum.
Haec quotiescumque feceritis,
in mei memoriam facietis.

Unofficial English translation

In like manner, after He had supped,
taking also into His holy and venerable hands
this goodly chalice,
again giving thanks to Thee, He blessed it,
and gave it to His disciples, saying:
Take and drink ye all of this:
For this is the chalice of My blood,
of the new and eternal testament:
the mystery of faith:
which will be shed for you and for many
unto the remission of sins.
As often as ye shall do these things,
ye shall do them in remembrance of me.

Some traditionalist Catholics have criticised the removal of the phrase mysterium fidei from the words of consecration.

Meaning of the phrase mysterium fidei in context

The phrase mysterium fidei was added to the words of consecration at some time before the 6th century, perhaps by Pope Leo I (440-461) and perhaps, in reaction to the denial by Manichaeism of the goodness of material things, as an expression of the Catholic Church's belief that salvation comes through Christ's material blood and through participation in the sacrament, which makes use of a material element.

The memorial acclamations that follow suggest that "the mystery of faith" refers, in its new context, to "the entire mystery of salvation through Christ's death, resurrection and ascension, which is made present in the celebration of the Eucharist". An alternative memorial acclamation permitted in Ireland, "My Lord and my God", was disapproved of by Pope Paul VI for seemingly concentrating on the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist rather than on Eucharistic sacrifice as a whole, but even this may be interpreted in the same sense, since it is a repetition of what in  refers to Christ as risen and as still bearing the marks of his suffering.<ref name=McNamara>[http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/the-mystery-of-faith Edward McNamara, "The Mystery of Faith" in ZENIT News Agency, 7 October 2014]</ref>

Other liturgies

In its 1979 version of the Book of Common Prayer, the Episcopal Church (United States) has in Prayer B the acclamation:

In three of its Rite 2 eucharistic prayers, the acclamation is made by celebrant and people together.

The Book of Alternative Services'' of the Anglican Church of Canada has a Memorial Acclamation, as have some United Methodist churches.

Lutherans also have an acclamation.


Claudia Aravena

Claudia Aravena Abughosh (born 21 October 1968) is a Chilean visual artist, curator, short filmmaker, and professor who has worked mainly in the field of contemporary art.

Life and work
Claudia Aravena studied graphic design at University ARCIS, which she later complemented with a degree in audiovisual communication and a master's in cultural studies. Some of her works are framed within urban art and media art through installations, photography, and audiovisual presentations, where the city takes a fundamental role as a central thematic axis, in addition to autobiographical and cultural identity fusion.

Exhibitions and distinctions
Aravena has participated in several solo and group exhibitions during her career, among them the 2009 Havana Biennial, 6th and 7th Video and New Media Santiago Biennial (2007), and the 1st Chilean Triennial (2009) at the Santiago Museum of Contemporary Art, in addition to the shows Handle with Care (2007) at the same institution, La operación verdad, o la verdad de la operación, collective exhibition at the  (2010), Circa Berlin at the Nikolaj Contemporary Art Center in Copenhagen (2005), From the Other Site/Side at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Seoul (2006), Video-Forum, NBK at the Museo Rufino Tamayo in Mexico City (2006), among other exhibitions in Chile, Latin America, Europe, and Asia.

In addition, she has participated in several international film festivals, including the International Documentary Film Fest in Paris, the Palermo International Video Art Festival in Italy, the International Documentary Film Festival of Leipzig in Germany, and the 9th International Documentary Film Festival in Lisbon.

In 2002 she received a nomination for the Altazor Award for National Arts in the Installation and Video Art category for Lugar común, in co-authorship with Guillermo Cifuentes.


Berislavić family of Vrh Rike

The Berislavić family of Vrh Rike (, also known as Berislavići Malomlački), was a Croatian noble family, a cadet branch of the Čubranić family seated in Vrh Rike. They are considered to be of White Wallachian descent, and climbed to the lesser nobility rank.

Notable members
Franjo Aleksandar, captain of Petar Zrinski


Bad Religion (EP)

Bad Religion (also referred to as The Bad Religion EP) is the first official recording by the Los Angeles punk rock band Bad Religion. It was released in February 1981 by guitarist Brett Gurewitz's record label Epitaph Records, with the catalog number EPI 001.

Recording
The recording sessions for the EP took place in October 1980 at a demo studio called Studio 9, located above an office and drugstore in Los Angeles on Sunset Boulevard and Western Avenue. The EP was mastered by Stan Ross at Gold Star Studios in Hollywood. At the time of the EP's release, vocalist Greg Graffin and bassist Jay Bentley were both 16 years old, while Gurewitz and drummer Jay Ziskrout were both 18.

Reissues
The Bad Religion EP has been reissued a number of times, mostly on vinyl. It was initially released on 7-inch vinyl, and reissued in 1984 as a 12-inch with a different sound mix. In West Germany, a 7" bootleg limited edition of the EP was released in 1989, packaged with then-current album No Control. The EP was also pressed on compact cassettes, but those editions are rare. While the Bad Religion EP has never been released as a standalone CD, it was included on the 1991 compilation album 80–85, and on the 2004 CD reissue of the group's 1982 debut studio album How Could Hell Be Any Worse?, which featured the same track listing as 80–85. The EP was reissued on April 18, 2009 in conjunction with Record Store Day, in a limited edition of 1,000.

Reception

At the time of the original release, the Bad Religion EP received positive reviews from various fanzines. Brenda Jamrus of the punk rock magazine Ripper called the EP "a real powerful six song EP from Bad Religion". She added that "when so many bands are moving away from political overtones, these four guys are keeping politics alive" and described the songs as "fast and solid".

Dave Stimson reviewed the EP for the 16th issue of Touch and Go. In it, he said, "Unlike many LA based bands where all it takes is one listen and you're already dripping slobber on the floor, Bad Religion takes some time before winning over their legion of fans, which must be many cuz [sic] this is a great record. When you first hear it, you say same old LA-styled punk, good, but nothing to get excited about. Now that's where you're wrong. This is perhaps the best debut record since Nervous Breakdown. I can't quite put my finger on it...something like Black Flag meets Neg Trend".

Track listing

Personnel
 Greg Graffin - lead vocals
 Brett Gurewitz - guitar
 Jay Bentley - bass
 Jay Ziskrout - drums

Production
 Bad Religion; Big Dick - producers
 Stan Ross - mastering
 Brett Gurewitz - engineering
 Gary Leonard - photography


Taan (music)

Taan (Hindi: ) () is a technique used in the vocal performance of a raga in Hindustani classical music. It involves the singing of very rapid melodic passages using vowels, often the long "a" as in the word "far", and it targets at improvising and to expand weaving together the notes in a fast tempo. It is similar to the technique ahaat, used in Arabic music

The murki, a type of ornamentation, is a swift and taan-like movement that is heavily used in thumri.

Types
Taans are clustered in different types:

Bol Taan : Taan can be sung by utilizing the words of the bandish. This is a difficult type of a taan as in this correct pronunciation, meaning of the composition, everything has to be taken into consideration.

Shuddha/Sapat (Straight) Taan : The notes are placed in an order in one or more octaves.

Koot Taan : The notes do not remain in order. Therefore, the nature of Koot Taans is complicated.

Mishra Taan : Combination of sapat and koot taans.

Gamak Taan : Gamak is a technique by which a force is added to notes and each note is repeated at least twice.

Many other types of taan exist, e.g. Ladant taan, Zatkaa taan, Gitkari taan, Jabde ki taan, Sarok Taan, Halak Taan or Palat taan.


Mykola Koval

Mykola Koval () (born  1 December 1952) is a Belorussian-born operatic baritone. He was born in Brest Region and studied solo singing in Minsk Conservatory and then in Moscow Conservatory. Since 1981, she has been a singer at the Kiev Opera and Ballet Theatre.  People's Artist of Ukraine. Since 1995, she has been a professor of Kiev University of National Culture and Art.


Paloma Valley High School

Paloma Valley High School is a public four-year high school located in Menifee, California. The school is part of the Perris Union High School District. It opened for its first school year on September 7, 1995. The mascot is the Wildcat. Paloma Valley High School was ranked by Newsweek magazine as the 374th best high school in California. Students have the opportunity to take Advanced Placement coursework and exams. The AP participation rate at Paloma Valley High School is 35 percent. The student body makeup is 51 percent male and 49 percent female, and the total minority enrollment is 65 percent.

Curriculum

2014 academic indicators
 National Rank: #1,736
 College Readiness Index: 21.9
 Academic Performance Index: 815
 Student/Teacher Ratio: 29:1

Wildcat Formal Exchange

Homophobic allegations
On March 2, 2011, it was reported that a teacher at Paloma Valley High School allegedly wrote an 'S' on a lesbian student's hand and repeatedly referred to the student as a "sinner" throughout class. The student reported the alleged incident against the teacher on October 14, but the teacher has only recently been "dealt with" according to Leslie Ventuleth, the Riverside County School District’s chief human resources officer. As of Oct. 29, 2015, the identities of the student and the teacher have yet to be released.

"Teachers and students say that even though they have complained, the district has refused to do anything about it."

The school's Gay Straight Alliance was forbidden last fall from sharing information during the school announcements about Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender History Month. Paloma Valley's vice president of the Gay Straight Alliance, proposed the idea. She hoped to share information during announcements about prominent gay people. She said her proposal was rejected, and she was told that such announcements weren't allowed for any history month. Then the Black Student Union did similar announcements during Black History Month in February, she continued and was one of several students who complained to Perris Union school board members last month. "I'm frustrated that my school would do something like this," she said at the meeting.

Notable alumni
 Nia Sanchez, winner of Miss USA 2014
 Matt Orzech, Long Snapper for the Baltimore Ravens


My American Dream

My American Dream is the only studio album  released by Neal E. Boyd on June 23, 2009.

Background
After Boyd won the third season of America's Got Talent, he was signed to Decca Records. Boyd explained  that the name of the album reflects on how he met his dream after winning Talent. Songs included on the album are "God Bless the USA," "Ave Maria," "Amazing Grace," West Side Story's song "Somewhere," and his Talent winning song "Nessun Dorma."

The album was released on the date of the fourth season premiere of Talent, which was June 23, 2009.

Boyd has since gone on tour with Britain's Got Talent winner Paul Potts, and later sang for US President Barack Obama.

Reception

Commercial performance
The album sold 6,000 copies in its first week of release. The album also debuted at #195 on the Billboard 200 and #3 on the Top Classical Albums Chart.

Critical reception
James Manheim of AllMusic says Boyd's talent "leaves an impression on listeners. That's the quality that makes for a crossover star." Stephen Thomas Erlewine called it "an effective showcase for his supple singing if not quite an artistic statement of purpose. Thankfully, Boyd avoids the ersatz Euro-schlock of Il Divo, never trying to have a pop production, instead being happily symphonic."

Track listing
 "God Bless the USA"  3:57
 "Nessun Dorma" 3:05
 "Mama" 3:23
 "Somewhere" 3:22
 "Il Gladiatore" 3:45
 "Bring Him Home" 3:43
 "Is Nothing Sacred" 4:12
 "Anthem" 3:08
 "Sonny Boy" 2:58
 "Ave Maria" 4:47
 "Amazing Grace" 2:36

Personnel
These are the personnel who helped create the album.

Savan Kotecha (Composer)
Winston Simone (Executive Producer)
Peter Rudge (Representation)
Neal E. Boyd (Vocals, Liner Notes)
Evelyn de Morgan (A&R)
Jeffrey Pescetto (Lyricist)
Jon Bailey (Engineer, Mixing, Digital Editing)
Justin S. Turner (Legal Counsel)
City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra (Choir, Orchestra)

Charts

Chart positions

Sales


Samuel Chan Sze Ming

Samuel Chan Sze Ming () is a Hong Kong education consultant and columnist. He is the founder of Britannia StudyLink.

Media
Chan has appeared on different media platforms, both as a guest and host.

Radio

TV


Meridian Gate, Cardiff

Meridian Gate () is a hotel and residential skyscraper complex in Cardiff, Wales. Meridian Gate comprises two buildings, the taller of which is 63 metres high, has 21 floors and contains the largest hotel in Cardiff, operated by Radisson Blu. It is the joint-fifth tallest building in Cardiff. The smaller building, called Meridian Plaza is 33 metres high, has 11 floors and contains luxury residential apartments.

Meridian Gate is a result of the trend for city living that is driving a construction boom in many major British centres.

History

The building was proposed in early 2004, obtaining planning consent shortly afterwards. A full application was submitted in 2006 after a change of developer. The site was bought by Radisson Blu, a major international hotel group requiring a prime site in central Cardiff for an upmarket hotel and a 36-unit residential element.

The building topped out in mid-2008.

Architecture and design

The public open space is a mix of hard and soft landscaping, and the courtyards at podium level are for residents only. The Barcelona lights were retained but moved, and a statue of Jim Driscoll was placed on an elevated stone plinth. Parking provision was low, given the central location, with 40 spaces allocated for residents, and 35 for the hotel based on different levels on an anticipation that 80% of hotel users use public transport.

The hotel tower has a glazed curtain walling with solar reflective glass and aluminium projecting fins. The intention was to broadly follow the finishes and colours on Callaghan Square and Kingsway. The gull wing or butterfly roof feature on top of the tower were added to give it more distinction.

Cardiff Council welcomed the slimness of the tower and the increased glazing which creates a strong focal point in the cityscape. They wanted to see a distinctive roof feature to add to the landmark nature of the building. The quality of the detailed design was critical for the scheme's success, and will be conditioned. High quality materials were required, and the precast concrete panelling was therefore of some concern. The Council required a financial contribution towards repaving the southern side of Bute Terrace and the Highways Department also required a contribution towards a pedestrian crossing on Bute Terrace.

Review recommendation

A concern of the review panel of Design Commission for Wales was that the building needed to respect the height of the neighbouring Altolusso building, another of Cardiff's tallest buildings. Consequently, a slight improvement in the spacing between the westernmost wing of the Altolusso and the new residential tower was made.

Hotel facilities
The hotel offers 215 rooms on 21 floors. Rooms include 60 Business Class rooms, 12 Junior suites and 11 accessible rooms.

The hotel has two bars and a restaurant, as well as a health spa featuring a sauna, steam room, relaxation room, and seven treatment rooms on the second floor.

Six meeting rooms are provided by the hotel as well as The Azzurro Ballroom with a capacity of 350. The pre-conference area has a capacity of 150.

Location

The building is located on Bute Terrace.


Aero GP

Aero GP is an international air racing series with up to eight specially designed high-performance sports planes all racing together at speeds of up to 400 km/h (250 mph) around a tight circuit just metres off the ground and from each other. The competing pilots are military and civilian pilots from around the world. Aero GP is the only international, televised event where aeroplanes race simultaneously. Aero GP officially started in 2005 in Slovenia. From there it has travelled to several countries in Europe and Middle East. Instead of the checked flag pattern, Aero GP judges its participants on the basis on points won in individual events and hence, there is no clear winner till the end.

Competitive elements

Three primary disciplines in series decide the annual World Champion Flying Ace:

Air Racing:  All racing at the same time, between six and eight aircraft reach speeds of 500 km/h at just 10 metres above the racecourse.

Air Combat:  A real air-to-air “dogfight”.  Pilots take to the skies in an attempt to outmanoeuvre, hunt down and shoot each other out of the sky, in the style of military air combat.

Barnstorming:  A third element which can consist of any of the following - depending on the venue: aerobatics, stunt flying or precision target dropping - pilots drop bombs from their aircraft at low altitude, aiming at various targets.

History
The first Aero GP was held in 2005 although the concept dates to 2000. The inaugural event, held in Slovenia, was televised in over 100 countries. Since then Aero GP's have been held in Malta, Romania (twice), The United Kingdom, and Abu Dhabi in the UAE.

The Pilots

Aero GP pilots have backgrounds in flying a range of military and aerobatic aircraft. They come from a variety of countries and backgrounds.  Fighter pilots,  aerobatics champions,  and civil aviation pilots are all known to compete. They are put through tremendous amounts of G-Force when performing in their aircraft.

Regular Aero GP Pilots

 Andy Bickmore
 Zoltan Veres
 "Smokey" Young
 Gerry Cooper
 Mark Jefferies

2008 series
The series consisted of two Aero GP's. June saw the Aero GP team return to Constanta  in Romania and this was followed by a second round in Blackpool, UK.

2009 series

The 2009 series sees Aero GP visit the Middle East for the first time. Aero GP will be headlining the Al Ain air show in the United Arab Emirates between January 29–31. There are multiple other venues being discussed for 2009 and these will be announced in the new year.

Accidents

During the Malta show on 10 September 2006, two planes, an Extra EA-200 and a Yakovlev Yak-55, collided just outside Marsamxett Harbour off Valletta. The Swedish pilot of the Yak-55, aerobatics champion Gabor Varga, died instantly. However, the Irish Extra 200 pilot, Eddie Goggins, suffered only minor injuries and was soon released after the crash.


Brendan Muldowney

Brendan Muldowney is a graduate of Dún Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design and Technology, Ireland (The National Film School). He has just completed his debut feature film SAVAGE, funded by the Irish Film Board and produced by SP Films. He has written and directed nine award-winning short films. "Innocence" won the Tiernan McBride – Best Irish Short Film Award at the Galway Film Fleadh 2002 among many others, while "The Ten Steps" has won twelve awards throughout the world including Best Short - Sitges Film Festival 2004.

He has been in development as writer/director with the Irish Film Board on the feature projects - "Love Eternal", "Savage" and "Soul Broke". He participated in EAVE '08 as writer/director with the project "Love Eternal".

External links

Interview with Brendan Muldowney about Savage for meg.ie

SPFilms Official Website
Galway Film something
savage the movie
 http://www.facebook.com/pages/Savage-The-Movie/339916004056


Coming Up Close: A Retrospective

Coming Up Close: A Retrospective is a compilation culled from the works of 'Til Tuesday.  It was released on September 24, 1996 (see 1996 in music).

Track listing

"Love in a Vacuum" (Michael Hausman, Robert Holmes, Aimee Mann, Joey Pesce) – 3:37
"Voices Carry" (Hausman, Holmes, Mann, Pesce) – 4:23
"You Know the Rest" (Hausman, Holmes, Mann, Pesce) – 4:29
"No One Is Watching You Now" (Aimee Mann) – 3:56
"On Sunday" (Hausman, Holmes, Mann, Pesce) – 4:08
"Coming up Close" (Mann) – 4:42
"Will She Just Fall Down" (Mann) – 2:52
"David Denies" (Hausman, Holmes, Mann, Pesce) – 4:51
"What about Love" (Mann) – 3:58
"Why Must I" (Mann) – 3:38
"The Other End (of the Telescope)" (Declan MacManus, Mann) – 3:52
"J for Jules" (Mann) – 4:26
"(Believed You Were) Lucky" (Mann, Jules Shear) – 3:38
"Limits to Love" (Mann) – 3:35
"Long Gone Buddy" (Hausman, Mann) – 4:32
"Do It Again" – 6:31

Personnel

'Til Tuesday
Aimee Mann – Guitar (acoustic), Bass guitar, Vocals
Michael Hausman – Percussion, Drums, Programming
Robert Holmes – Guitar, Background Vocals
Joey Pesce – Synthesizer, Piano, Background Vocals
Michael Montes – Keyboards
Peter Abrams – French horn
Elvis Costello – Background Vocals on track 11
Marcus Miller – Bass on track 15
Haery Ung Shin – Violin

Production
Bob Clearmountain – Mixing
Rhett Davies – Producer
Bruce Dickinson – Compilation Producer
Hiro Ito – Photography
Bruce Lampcov – Producer
Gail Marowitz – Art Direction and Design
Randee Saint Nicholas – Photography
Mike Thorne – Producer
'Til Tuesday – Producer
Mark Wilder – Digital Mixing


1990 International Rules Series

The 1990 International Rules Series was the fourth series between Australian rules footballers from Australia and Gaelic footballers from Ireland. The series took place in Australia and consisted of three test matches between the Australian and Irish international rules football teams. Ireland won the series by 2–1 and by 24 points over the three test matches.

Summary

First test
Venue: Waverley Park, Melbourne
Crowd: 18,332

Second test
Venue: Bruce Stadium, Canberra
Crowd: 7,000

Third test
Venue: WACA, Perth
Crowd: 7,700

Beitzel Medal (Best player for the series) — Jack O’Shea (Ireland)


Elastic eel

The elastic eel (Phaenomonas pinnata) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by George S. Myers and Charles Barkley Wade in 1941. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from the eastern central and southeastern Pacific Ocean, including Colombia, Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Mexico. It dwells at a depth range of 1–35 metres, inhabiting sandy bottoms. Males can reach a maximum total length of 53.5 centimetres.

Due to the relatively wide distribution of the Elastic eel, as well as a lack of known threats or observed population decline, the IUCN redlist currently lists the species as Least Concern. Its distribution does, however, partially include marine protected areas, such as those in the Gulf of California.


Ferry Farm, Virginia

Ferry Farm is an unincorporated community in Stafford County, in the U.S. state of Virginia.


Giordania

Giordania is a small Malagasy genus of potter wasps. The genus was created by Josef Gusenleitner in 1995.


Gazania rigens

Gazania rigens (syn. G. splendens), sometimes called treasure flower, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to southern Africa. It is naturalised elsewhere and is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.

Description
Gazania rigens is a spreading, low-growing, half-hardy perennial, growing to  tall and wide, with blue-grey foliage and brilliant yellow, daisy-like composite flowerheads throughout the summer. It is a herbaceous plant that is perennial in South Africa and in the Mediterranean regions, and annual in the gardens of colder regions. Low enough, it rarely exceeds 30cm. It forms tufts, often very abundant. Its leaves all basal, numerous, narrow and more or less lanceolate, usually entire, sometimes pennatilobed. The obverse of the leaves is shiny green, the grayish white lapel.

Like all compounds , gazania flowers in flower heads that are often taken for simple flowers. The capitula are solitary at the end of peduncles just beyond the leaves. Each capitulum is formed by a central disc of tubular flowers, surrounded by ligulate peripheral flowers, whose color is very variable. The orange-yellow flowers are however the most numerous, often with black spots at the base of the ligules. The fruit is an achene, containing several seeds.

Naturalisation
Well adapted to the Mediterranean climate, it is native to South Africa and Mozambique. It has become naturalized on the Mediterranean shores, and in places like the Azores, Australia, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, France, Portugal and Argentina. The generic name of the plant is dedicated to Theodore of Gaza (1398-1478), who translated in Latin the botanical works of Theophrastus, written in Greek. It is a weed in the islands of Madeira, Sicily and Sardinia and Spain.

In Australia, where it is known as coastal gazania, the species has become naturalised on coastal dunes and roadsides in the Central Coast and Sydney regions of New South Wales as well as the coast of South East Queensland. In South Australia it is found in the southern Mount Lofty area as well as on the Eyre peninsula.

Cultivation
Gazania rigens is grown for the brilliant yellow of its blooms which appear against blue-grey foliage in the late spring and throughout the summer. Plants prefer a sunny position and are tolerant of dryness and poor soils. Quite indifferent to the nature of the soil, it looks especially for the sun, its flower heads closing when it is in the shade or when the weather is overcast, and adapts well to drought. Flowering from March to October in the northern hemisphere, the flowers are however more numerous and larger in the spring. In temperate regions this plant is usually grown as a half-hardy annual, though it can tolerate short periods of frost.

Varieties
The currently recognised varieties are:

G. rigens (L.) Gaertn. var. leucolaena (DC.) Roessler.  In cultivation, this variety is referred to as trailing gazania.
G. rigens (L.) Gaertn. var. rigens This variety is only found in cultivation, where it is known as clumping gazania. It is distinguished by its large 4- to 8-cm flower heads with yellow or orange rays, each with a basal eye-spot.
G. rigens (L.) Gaertn. var. uniflora (L.f.) Roessler

Gallery