Alpes-de-Haute-Provence's 2nd constituency

The 2nd constituency of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence is a French legislative constituency in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence département.

Members elected

Election results

2007

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Candidate
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Party
! colspan="2" | 1st round
! colspan="2" | 2nd round
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Daniel Spagnou
| style="text-align:left;" | Union for a Popular Movement
| UMP
|
| 46.25%
|
| 53.96%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Christophe Castaner
| style="text-align:left;" | Socialist Party
| PS
|
| 28.46%
|
| 46.04%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Isabelle Verschueren
| style="text-align:left;" | Democratic Movement
| MoDem
|
| 5.75%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jean-Claude Cauvin
| style="text-align:left;" | Communist
| COM
|
| 4.53%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Mireille D'Ornano
| style="text-align:left;" | National Front
| FN
|
| 4.31%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Patrick Garnon
| style="text-align:left;" | The Greens
| VEC
|
| 2.85%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Karine Denko
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 2.09%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Gilles Ravera
| style="text-align:left;" | Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Traditions
| CPNT
|
| 1.59%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jeannine Douzon
| style="text-align:left;" | Movement for France
| MPF
|
| 1.08%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Véronique Raphel
| style="text-align:left;" | Ecologist
| ECO
|
| 0.98%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Xavier Dejasmin
| style="text-align:left;" | Divers
| DIV
|
| 0.81%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Michèle Chassaing
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Right
| EXD
|
| 0.45%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Max Illy
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 0.45%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Claude Senes
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 0.40%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Total
|
| 100%
|
| 100%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Registered voters
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Blank/Void ballots
|
| 1.67%
|
| 2.96%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
|
| 65.94%
|
| 65.60%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Abstentions
|
| 34.06%
|
| 34.40%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | Result
| colspan="2" style="background-color:" | UMP HOLD
|}

2012

|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Candidate
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" | Party
! colspan="2" | 1st round
! colspan="2" | 2nd round
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;"
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
! width="75" | Votes
! width="30" | %
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Christophe Castaner
| style="text-align:left;" | Socialist Party
| PS
|
| 35.76%
|
| 54.04%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jean-Claude Castel
| style="text-align:left;" | Union for a Popular Movement
| UMP
|
| 29.77%
|
| 45.96%
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jean-Claude Diedrich
| style="text-align:left;" | National Front
| FN
|
| 15.25%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Martine Carriol
| style="text-align:left;" | Left Front
| FG
|
| 9.37%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Catherine Berthonneche
| style="text-align:left;" | The Greens
| VEC
|
| 4.39%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Isabelle Verschueren
| style="text-align:left;" |
| CEN
|
| 1.62%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Yamina Guebli
| style="text-align:left;" | Ecologist
| ECO
|
| 0.84%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Bruno Morin
| style="text-align:left;" |
| NCE
|
| 0.82%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Noël Chuisano
| style="text-align:left;" | Miscellaneous Right
| DVD
|
| 0.81%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Jean-Michel Rovida
| style="text-align:left;" | Centrist Alliance]]
| ALLI
|
| 0.57%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Brigitte Picard
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 0.46%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| style="background-color:" |
| style="text-align:left;" | Cyril Belmonte
| style="text-align:left;" | Far Left
| EXG
|
| 0.36%
| colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Total
|
| 100%
|
| 100%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Registered voters
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Blank/Void ballots
|
| 1.54%
|
| 3.31%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Turnout
|
| 62.22%
|
| 61.67%
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align:left;" | Abstentions
|
| 37.78%
|
| 38.33%
|-
| colspan="8" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;"|
|- style="font-weight:bold"
| colspan="6" style="text-align:left;" | Result
| colspan="2" style="background-color:" | PS GAIN
|}

2017

Sources
 Official results of French elections from 1998:

2


Reylander

Reylander is a surname of Austrian origin and sometimes used as von Reylander as part of the Austrian nobility, normally used the title Baron until the nobility was officially abolished in 1919 after the fall of Austria-Hungary.


Claude Silberzahn

Claude Silberzahn (born 18 March 1935 in Mulhouse) is a French high civil servant.

Silberzahn was Prefect of French Guiana (1982-84), of Seine-Maritime (1985-86, with jurisdiction over the region of Haute-Normandie) and Doubs (1986-89, with jurisdiction over the region of Franche-Comté).

He was Director-General of DGSE, the French external intelligence agency, from 23 March 1989 to 7 June 1993.

He was mayor of Simorre, a village in Gers department, from 2001 to 2014.


2010 FIBA Asia Stanković Cup

2010 FIBA Asia Stanković Cup was the 3rd FIBA Asia Stankovic Cup. The basketball tournament of FIBA Asia was held in Beirut, Lebanon from 7 August to 15 August 2010, in Ghazir Club Court involving 10 national teams from Asia.

The 3rd FIBA Asia Stankovic Cup was the first FIBA Asia event to be hosted in Lebanon for national teams. The 3rd FIBA Asia Stankovic Cup was the qualifying event for the 26th FIBA Asia Championship in 2011, to be hosted in Wuhan, Hubei, China, which in turn will be the qualifying event for 2012 London Olympics. The winner of the 3rd FIBA Asia Stankovic Cup automatically qualified for the FIBA Asia Championship in 2011. The top five teams at the 3rd FIBA Asia Stankovic Cup earned additional berths for their respective FIBA Asia sub zones.

Qualification
According to the FIBA Asia rules, each zone had one place, and the hosts (Lebanon) and Asian champion (Iran) were automatically qualified. The other three places are allocated to the zones according to performance in the 2009 FIBA Asia Championship.

* , was given a wild card entry into the championship.

Preliminary round

Group A

Group B

Classification 9th–10th

Final round

Quarterfinals

Semifinals 5th–8th

Semifinals

7th place

5th place

3rd place

Final

Final standing

Awards

External links
 Tournament official website

2010


Roving reference

Roving reference, also called roaming reference, is a library service model in which, instead of being positioned at a static reference desk, a librarian moves throughout the library to locate patrons with questions or concerns and offer them help in finding or using library resources.

History
Roving reference as a library service practice was first formalized in the late 1980s and early 1990s. A 1999 report from the International Federation of Library Associations identified several advantages and disadvantages with roving reference in the pre-mobile era. The roving model allowed librarians to engage with "the majority of users who have questions in mind [who] do not approach the reference desk for assistance". However, libraries reported that some staff were uncomfortable with the practice, and that there were concerns about user privacy.

Beginning in the 2000s, librarians used laptops or laptop carts to engage in technology-supported roaming reference. Since the development of mobile technologies, roving reference can be facilitated with the use of such technologies, such as tablet computers, which allow librarians to readily check the online public access catalogue or the library's electronic databases while away from their desk. This has contributed to the increased popularization of roving-reference programs as supplements for more traditional reference desks. The model has also been extended to service beyond the library building (library outreach), for example in a dormitory or faculty building at an academic institution.


Proposed sale of NB Power

The proposed sale of NB Power was an attempted takeover of New Brunswick's government-owned public utility assets by Hydro-Québec, Canada's largest utility. Announced on October 29, 2009 by premiers Shawn Graham and his Quebec counterpart, Jean Charest, the deal ultimately collapsed in March 2010, after months of controversy.

Context

For a decade, NB Power, the government-owned integrated public utility serving most areas of the Canadian province of New Brunswick, was plagued by financial difficulties. Over the years, the company had built and operated a diversified generation mix, including oil and coal-fired thermal, nuclear, and hydroelectric plants. Faced with an aging generation fleet and fuel cost increases, the utility needed to find ways to meet increasing demand for electric power while keeping operation costs down.

In the late 1990s, NB Power signed a supply contract with PDVSA for Orimulsion, a cheap bitumen-based fuel, for its Coleson Cove and Dalhousie facilities. The utility then converted one of three units at the 1050 MW Coleson Cove plant, in Saint John, to burn the heavier grade while burning Orimulsion at Dalhousie. After investing hundreds of million dollars at Coleson Cove, NB Power learned of the Venezuelan supplier's decision to stop making the fuel, thus breaking the contract. After mixed success litigating the case and winning a settlement estimated at more than $200 million, the utility turned to a mix of petroleum coke, an oil refinery  byproduct, and heavy oil, drawing opposition from environmentalists.

Meanwhile, NB Power and Bernard Lord's conservative government needed to decide whether to undertake the refit of the Point Lepreau Nuclear Generating Station. The nuclear plant, whose mid-life refit had been hotly debated, was authorized in July 2005, and NB Power signed a $1.4bn contract with Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL).
Refurbishment work began in April 2008 and was expected to last 18 months. However, due to a series of delays, the reopening was first postponed in January 2009, then further pushed back. Delays and high fuel costs in 2008 added one million dollars per day to the budget for replacement power. Premier Shawn Graham initiated informal talks on regional electricity issues with Quebec's Jean Charest during a federal-provincial meeting, on 16 January 2009.

The next month, a delegation of senior New Brunswick officials, led by Graham's chief of staff, Bernard Thériault, travelled to Quebec City for secret talks with their Quebec counterparts. In June 2009, the two neighboring provinces announced an "energy partnership". At that point, the option of selling NB Power to Hydro-Québec was largely dismissed. Outside firms were hired to advise the provinces on legal, financial and public relations issues and by September, the parties were discussing the terms of a memorandum of understanding.

First memorandum of understanding

On October 29, 2009, the premiers of New Brunswick and Quebec signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to sell most assets of NB Power to Hydro-Québec. This agreement would have transferred most generation, transmission and distribution assets of the New Brunswick utility to a subsidiary of the Quebec-based Crown corporation, including Point Lepreau, 3 diesel-fired peakers and 7 hydroelectric dams, but was to exclude fossil-fuel-fired plants in Dalhousie, Belledune and Coleson Cove.

According to the memorandum of understanding, Hydro-Quebec would not assume any liabilities with respect to the Point Lepreau refurbishment project.  The deal also included provisions to reduce industrial power rates to those paid by Hydro-Québec Quebec-based industrial customers and a 5-year rate freeze on residential and commercial rates.

An economic analysis commissioned by the Graham government to Washington's NERA Economic Consulting estimated that the tentative deal would save New Brunswick ratepayers $5.6 billion over a 30-year period compared to the status quo. The study also showed that residential, commercial and wholesale customers would reap 60% of the savings, but the savings would happen later than the discounts granted upfront to large industrial customers.

The controversial deal was subject to review and approval by the New Brunswick Legislative Assembly. The leaders of both opposition parties in New Brunswick, David Alward of the Progressive Conservatives, and Roger Duguay of the New Democrats, opposed the deal.

Initial reaction

Reception in the press
The tentative agreement between the two governments was initially well received by newspapers, both in New Brunswick and Quebec, before polls showed it to be opposed by the vast majority of New Brunswick residents. The province's three English-language daily newspapers, owned by the Irving's Brunswick News group, welcomed the sale. The Telegraph-Journal saluted it as the "deal of century"  while Moncton's Times & Transcript argued that the sale lifted a "big burden". Media critics noted that Irving interests controlled the New Brunswick press outlets that were in favour of the deal and other conflicts of interest were evident.

The province sole French-language daily, L'Acadie Nouvelle, supported the transaction in a nuanced piece, stressing the "political and financial impasse" facing the New Brunswick utility.
In Montreal, business columnist Sophie Cousineau of La Presse called it a bold deal providing benefits to both provinces, but worried it would face steep opposition in New Brunswick while Jean-Robert Sansfaçon of Le Devoir stated that the proposed deal provided an initial response to those in Quebec who have expressed concerns about recurring electricity surpluses caused by Hydro-Québec's large dam construction program.

Positions of other provinces

Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams was among the first to loudly protest the ceding of transmission lines to Quebec's effective jurisdiction, as he was involved in a longstanding dispute over the development of Churchill Falls and reliable access to NERC Open Access Transmission Tariff (OATT) governed transmission lines to sell hydropower to the United States. Despite assurances by the Graham government, Williams took the position that just as Quebec and its regulatory agencies had permitted Hydro-Québec to interpret the OATT rules in such a way as to monopolize and block transmission via Quebec, it would similarly be possible to block his only other land transmission route via New Brunswick.

Nova Scotia objected on grounds that it had always supported a Maritime regional or Atlantic regional power transmission system subject to a single common set of rules, and that conflicts between Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec over New Brunswick or otherwise threatened to subject the entire region to American rules administered via NERC especially with regards to OATT tariffs.

Prince Edward Island, wholly dependent on connections to NB's transmission grid, was supportive of the deal.

As all these objections were related to the transmission, distribution and open market operations of the grid, they disappeared in the second deal which regarded only generating assets.

Public debate

Popular opposition

The October 29 memorandum of understanding fostered a spirited public debate in New Brunswick and Atlantic Canada. While the business community's formal representatives were publicly quoted as largely in favor of the agreement, reactions to the MOU were hostile. In addition to opposition leaders, a trade association representing independent power generators in New England, Local 37 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW), the union representing 2,200 NB Power employees and wind energy supporters have condemned the agreement as detrimental to the interests of New Brunswick. However, in a notable reversal, Maine Governor John Baldacci altered his stance, to say the sale was "a positive step forward" in early 2010.

Opponents in the general public used social media to show their displeasure and contest the various arguments for the deal.   On Facebook, 30,000 people joined a group in opposition to the sale within five days of the announcement. A demonstration organized by the group and trade unions drew approximately 600 people outside the Legislative Assembly building on November 17, 2009. A Leger Marketing opinion poll conducted on behalf of Quebecor Media newspapers in November 2009 in New Brunswick and Quebec showed that 60% of New Brunswickers polled opposed the deal, while 22% supported it. The situation was reversed in Quebec, where the deal obtained the support of 55% of Quebecers. Only 14% of those who were polled in Hydro-Québec home province opposed it.

First Nations
The status of deals with First Nations, notably Tobique, on whose reserve lands dams had been constructed in the 1950s without a formal written contract, was also problematic.  The longstanding arrangement had been that Tobique reserve itself and its residents would not pay any electric power bills whatsoever, forever, and this had been respected at least through 2000.  However, after the reorganization of NB Power, there was at least one attempt to bill Tobique residents for power use, indicating that the longstanding arrangement was being unilaterally breached by NB Power's successor corporations.  The proposed sales of the dam to Hydro Quebec either under the original deal (to sell all of NB Power) or the second  deal (to sell only some generating assets including Tobique) also constituted material breaches of these arrangements, leaving Tobique at least in an unassailable bargaining position to set new terms for access to the river and rights of way used to transmit power from it.

Other First Nations had similar deals, for instance St. Mary's near Fredericton has a similar arrangement which is demonstrated and reaffirmed spectacularly each year by a Christmas light display that people from many miles around come to view.  Despite the right to waste large amounts of power, St. Mary's has in recent years moved mostly to LED Christmas lights and other energy-efficient displays and there have been proposals to compensate it for power it has a right to use but is not using, in line with other energy demand management deals elsewhere in North America.  A few First Nations have NB Power generating assets on their lands without any benefit to their residents whatsoever, and this has also been a point of debate.

The Tobique traditional council issued its own injunction against any cooperation with the sale of the dam, and the elected band council was prepared to go to court to prevent any transfer of the disputed asset or to back any blockade of rights of way or any effort by the First Nation to reclaim the dam itself.  This was forestalled by the collapse of the deal.

Second agreement:  Power generating assets only
After two months of controversies, New Brunswick and Quebec representatives signed a second agreement, reducing the scope of the sale. The Globe and Mail and Radio-Canada both reported on 18 January 2010 that the sale would involve NB Power's generation facilities, which would be bought by Hydro-Québec for C$3.4 billion. The government of New Brunswick would still own the transmission and distribution divisions and NB Power would enter into a long-term power purchase agreement with Hydro-Québec. The PPA would allow NB Power to deliver the rate freeze for residential and general customers. However, the industrial rates rollback would be smaller than under the original MOU.

Deal falls through
On March 24, 2010, Premier Graham announced the deal had fallen through, due to Hydro-Québec's concern over unanticipated risks and costs of some aspects such as dam security and water levels.
However, this interpretation was contested by analysts, who blamed the collapse of the deal on the difficult political situation in New Brunswick, six months before a scheduled provincial election.

This dire assessment for the Liberal Premier was confirmed by polling results released one week before the September 27, 2010 election. Among respondents, 38% said their personal opposition to the sale was important to their vote, and this factor was benefiting David Alward's Progressive Conservatives. According to political scientist Don Desserud, the proposed sale and earlier issues gave the public the impression "that this government was doing things that were reckless and without forethought".


Disguises (Robots in Disguise album)

Disguises or Robots in Disguise is the eponymous debut album by English Electropunk band Robots in Disguise.

Track listing
All tracks written by Robots in Disguise.
 "Boys" – 5:06
 "Postcards from..." – 4:06
 "DIY" – 5:55
 "Bed Scenes" – 3:51
 "Argument" – 6:00
 "Hi-Fi" – 3:20
 "Mnemonic" – 3:47
 "Transformer" – 4:10
 "50 Minutes" – 4:21
 "What Junior Band Did Next" – 4:18
 "Outdoors" - 4:59
 "Cycle Song" – 3:51

Personnel
Robots in Disguise
 Dee Plume - vocals, guitars
 Sue Denim - vocals, guitars

Additional musicians
 David Westlake – drum kit
 Paul Stone – drum kit

Production
 Chris Corner – record producer, mixer, engineering
 Noel Fielding – artwork

Samples
 'Transformer' sampled David Sylvian's track: 'Backwaters' (1984)
 'Cycle Song' sampled Yello Magic Orchestra's track: 'Technopolis' (1979)

Release history


Pasifika Festival

The Pasifika Festival is a Pacific Islands-themed festival held annually in Western Springs, Auckland City, New Zealand. Celebrated since 1993, it is the largest festival of its type in the world and attracts over 200,000 visitors every year.

The event is owned and hosted by Auckland Council.

The festival presents a wide variety of cultural experiences, including traditional cuisine and performances from Samoa, Tonga, Cook Islands, Fiji, Niue, Tahiti, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Kiribati and the Tangata Whenua (New Zealand Māori).

History

Beginnings
The original driving force behind the festival was a secretary of the South Pacific Forum, Roy Vaughan. His idea to create an event to celebrate the cultures of the South Pacific came to realisation in February 1991 when he showed his proposal to several high-ranking officials of South Pacific nations: Cook Islands Consul General Bill Te Ariki, Papua New Guinea Consul General Alister Martin and others. Initially the festival was supposed to happen in Central Auckland. The newly formed South Pacific Island Nation Development Agency accumulated feedback from the community changed the location to Western Springs a week and a half before the event; Western Springs was supported by the mayor, Les Mills, and the City Council.

The first Pacifika Festival was held 6-12 March 1993, its community day was visited by 30,000 people. The scope of the festival broadened at the very first event as several Micronesian and Melanesian groups chose to participate. Despite some initial scepticism and remarks on lack of representation in an evaluation report delivered by Nancy Sheehan overall it was successful. The festival was awarded with Creative New Zealand Creative Places Award next year.

Annual events were being held for the first 4 years without significant change. In 1997 after a reorganisation the Auckland City Council encapsulated Pasifika committee and the support from the South Pacific Island Nation Development Agency became redundant. After that, the new event coordinator Pitsch Leiser worked towards making the festival sustainable for the two years he'd been involved with it. At that time the visitors’ numbers started to grow rapidly.

The mid-years

The Pasifika 1999 was the first Pasifika festival with a large company sponsorship. Although the involvement of KFC as the main sponsor was deemed highly controversial, it helped to increase the budget and attracted other major sponsors to the consequential events. The other important development of that year was the concept of 'national villages' that were presenting culturally appropriate items and performances.

After the event Leiser stepped down from the coordinator role. The new coordinator, Michelle Khan, re-established communication with the communities, raised the stallholder's fees and worked on improving and increasing the role of villages that were mainly just market stalls while the performances mainly occurred at the main stages. The organisers started to express their concerns to the performing groups if they felt that the performance quality was lacking, advising them to gain more experience at smaller local festivals.

The Pasifika Festival 2000 was attended by close to 100,000 people. The 2001 festival was awarded with the Creative New Zealand Creative Places Award.

The 2002 festival was jointly organised by Mere Lomaloma Elliot and a non-Pacific event manager, but it was deemed unsuccessful due to the lack of mutual understanding between them. Elliot was appointed the festival's director in 2003 and held that position until 2006. The position of the full-time festival administration was vacated in 2004 and filled by Rebecca Knox, who in 2006 initiated splitting of the director position into 2: the operations manager (Knox) and the strategic/relationships festival director (Ole Maiava, an artist and an event manager who was earlier involved in the Tu Fa'atasi festival and the Creekfest).

2010s onwards

Maiava reworked the compensations model for the participants. The auditioning process was streamlined by Tanya Muagututi’a who also established a workshop for emerging artists. Around that time the preparations started taking the whole year, and many staff members do it as a full-time job. After the 2010 festival Pasifika was moved under the Auckland Tourism Events and Economic Development jurisdiction.

The question of Māori exclusion bothered many people, but the organisers could not immediately find a solution that would be appropriate for all parties involved.

The 2012 festival was only two days long, and its length is limited to 2 to 3 days as of 2019.

Pasifika Festival 2014 had 11 unique villages showcasing the cultures of 11 Pacific Island nations: Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawaii, Kiribati, Niue, Samoa, Tahiti, Tonga, Tokelau, Tuvalu and Aotearoa. The 11th Hawaian village was added that year.

In 2015, the festival was moved temporarily to Hayman Park in Manukau after the discovery of Queensland fruit flies in the Grey Lynn area near Western Springs.

In 2016, it moved back to Western Springs.


Hiett, Ohio

Hiett is an unincorporated community in Brown County, in the U.S. state of Ohio.

History
A post office called Hiett was established in 1872, and remained in operation until 1903. Besides the post office, Hiett had a church and several stores.


James Thomson (Australian politician)

James Thomson (born 1856, date of death unknown) was a Scottish-born Australian politician.

He worked as a miner in Fifeshire from the age of twelve, later moving to Lanarkshire. He migrated to New South Wales in 1874 and worked at the a number of mines, serving as President of the Miners' Association. From 1895 to 1901 he was the Labor member for Newcastle West in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly.<


The Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations.

Several artists were employed in the production. It was completed in two separate stages, each with a distinctive style. The earlier leaves were painted by artists influenced by Jean Pucelle, the later by artists working in the vanguard of the International Gothic period of Gothic art. Because of this, the Petites Heures exemplifies the "rupture in style" that occurred in French illumination in the final two decades of the fourteenth century.

A high-resolution facsimile was published in 1988, with monographs by Avril, Dunlop and Yapp.

History
Jean de Berry commissioned six books of hours between 1375 and 1416. The first, the Petites Heures, contains 182 miniatures. Work started c. 1375 but was interrupted in 1380 and the book was not completed until 1385–90. It is now housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France under the reference ms. lat. 18014.

The limner Jean Le Noir, a pupil of Jean Pucelle, started work on the illuminations. By the time of his death in 1380, only nine miniatures had been completed. In 1384 the duke engaged Jacquemart de Hesdin; completion of the book was left to him and an assistant known as the Master of the Trinity, and to another artist known as Pseudo-Jacquemart, who painted in some of the underdrawings left by Jean le Noir, as well as contributing his own compositions. Four small miniatures have been attributed to the one whom Meiss designates as the "Fifth Master". A single page by the Limbourg brothers, the Duke of Berry Setting off on a Trip, was added to the manuscript around 1412.

American art historian Millard Meiss distinguishes five separate contributors to the work and identifies Le Noir with "the Passion Master", an anonymous illuminator so-called because he illustrated the Passion. His characteristics have been described as "rather cool, dusty colours" and a "delightful, often humorous depiction of animals", also rocky scenery and agitated figures with expression. Jacquemart de Hesdin worked on the Hours of the Virgin. Characteristics are a representation of space influenced by Italian painting and a "more realistic rendering of reality" based on collaboration with Jan Boudolf of Bruges. The styles of Jacquemart de Hesdin and Pseudo-Jacquemart are very similar because they worked together for more than 20 years. The latter has been described as copying the style of others rather than being creative.

The duke commissioned the Petites Heures around the same time as his older brother Charles V acquired the Savoy Hours, "one of the grandest books of the period" executed in about 1335–40.  To the Savoy Hours, Charles added a new cover with jeweled clasps, further texts, and copious miniatures by the Master of the Bible of Jean de Sy.  Comparison of the two books reveals that Jean de France modeled the content and structure of the Petites Heures on his brother's manuscript, which had "clearly aroused his competitive spririt, and no doubt, envy."

In the Petites Heures Berry pays homage to his parents, Jean the Good and Bonne of Luxembourg, through instructive prayers and texts copied from their respective books.

Selected miniatures

Duke of Berry Setting off on a Trip (fol. 288v) is established as by the Limbourg brothers, the third such image commissioned by the duke of a personal itinerary with an angel pointing the way. I was perhaps intended as a talisman; Husband notes that the duke "is clearly an older man, the angel's guidance may not be entirely bound to the earthly realm."

The Tale of the Three Dead and the Three Living (fol. 282r) is a relatively common form of memento mori, found in both medieval art and poetry (cf. The Three Dead Kings). Berry, "veritably obsessed with self-display", associates himself with the tale in several of his commissions, the images providing an opportunity to display "ostentatious humility". The text is copied from his mother's psalter. Prefaced as a "moult merueilleuse et horrible histoire" ("mournful and horrible history") it describes an encounter between three young men and three dead men in different stages of decomposition. The first apparition says "What you are, we were, what we are, you will be", the second reminds them that death treats rich and poor equally, the third adds that there is no escape from their fate.

John the Baptist in the Wilderness (fol. 208r) is identified by Meiss as an example of the Passion Master's later style, "which displays a new interest in the problems of relating depth" It is an early example of a new trend in depictions of John, where the harsh desert setting was replaced with a fertile landscape, most probably inspired by Fra Domenico Cavalca's Life of St. John the Baptist (1320–42), in which "the desert was described as a place of great natural beauty, full of flowers, trees, and animals."

The Calendar for May by Pseudo-Jacquemart. (fol. 3r) is an example of iconography first used by Jean Pucelle in the Belleville Breviary. Each month of the year shows an apostle, representative of the New Testament, and a prophet of the Old Testament. The prophet submits a veiled prophecy which is explained by the apostle as an article of faith, while simultaneously, the prophet gives the apostle a stone from the synagogue, which as the months progress is reduced to a ruin.

The Harrowing of Hell is thought to have been started by Le Noir and completed by Pseudo-Jacquemart (fol. 166). The Harrowing of Hell is derived from the Apostles' Creed and the Athanasian Creed, which state that Jesus descended into Hell before his resurrection in order to save the righteous who had come before his earthly ministry.


External examiner

The external examiner plays an important role in all degree level examinations in higher education in the United Kingdom.  The external examiner system originated in 1832 with the establishment of the University of Durham, the first in England since Cambridge was founded 600 years earlier. Durham used Oxford examiners to assure the public that its degrees were a similar standard to Oxford's. The establishment of more universities in England from the 1880s was accompanied by a requirement that examinations be conducted by internal and external examiners.  It is also found in countries whose higher education systems were developed from United Kingdom practice, or strongly influenced by it, after its introduction, including  New Zealand, and India.  It is one of the oldest systems of quality control within higher education.

It is a requirement for all degree level examinations at British universities, and in countries operating a similar system, that at least one member of the examining board should be from a university other than the one awarding the degree (and should have no recent affiliation with it).  This applies both to undergraduate examinations, where there may be hundreds or even thousands of candidates, and to postgraduate examinations including those for the PhD where a special board is convened for each candidate.

Role
While the role of the external examiner varies with the level of examination, the purpose of the system remains the same: to ensure that standards are kept the same across universities, and to provide an assurance of fair play given that internal examiners might be prejudiced for or against a candidate.  In consequence, (by convention and often by regulation) if examiners disagree, the view of the external examiner takes precedence.

Undergraduate examinations
In undergraduate examinations, external examiners typically see, and have to approve, draft examination questions before the papers are set; and they will mark the work, or review the marks, of at least a sample of candidates.  They are often asked to adjudicate when candidates are on borderlines or when internal examiners have disagreed about a candidate's marks.  Externals are expected to make a report both to the department and also to the university authorities; they have wide licence to comment on all aspects of the degree programme, including its staffing and teaching, not just on the examination process.  Where viva voce examinations are still held as part of the final degree assessment, it is common for external examiners to take part in them.  Students may have the right to ask for their work to be considered by the external examiner.  External examiners are typically appointed for a period of three or four years, and it is common to consult them about changes to the programme that are being introduced during their period of office.  In the case of undergraduate examinations in broad disciplines, there are commonly several external examiners with different areas of expertise on a board of examiners.

PhD examinations

In PhD examinations within the British system, there are normally only two or three examiners, and the external examiner usually takes the lead in questioning the candidate in the viva voce examination which is the key stage of the assessment.  In some other countries, e.g. Australia, New Zealand and India, externals commonly send their opinions by post, though there may also be a "local" external examiner who is present at the viva.

Appointees
Whatever the level of examination, it is normal to appoint as externals senior academics of acknowledged expertise – though in the case of PhD exams, expertise takes priority over seniority if the two criteria cannot both be met, as is often the case with highly specialised subjects.  An invitation to serve as an external examiner is therefore usually seen as something of an honour, though often an inconvenient one: although a fee is paid to external examiners, it is usually small, and a considerable amount of work is involved, often at the busiest time of the academic year.

While the external examiner in the form described here (and the use of the title "External examiner") is specific to British or British-influenced higher education, the use of examiners from other universities (and often other countries) is widespread in other countries, especially for PhD examinations.


ESAN University

ESAN University or Universidad ESAN in Spanish (acronym: UE) is a private University located in the Santiago de Surco district in Lima, Peru. ESAN University is a leading business academic institution that was founded in 1963 as the first Graduate School of Business in Latin America. Throughout these years ESAN has achieved a relevant role in Peru, based on the quality of its MBA, specialized masters, executive programs, etc. Currently ESAN University offers undergraduate programs divided in three schools: the School of Economics and Management, the School of Engineering and the School of Law, fields of specialization at the Bachelor level are: Management and Marketing, Management and Finance, Economics and International Business, Information Technology and Systems Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Environmental Management Engineering, Organizational Psychology, Consumer Psychology, Corporate Law, etc.

History
In 1962, the U.S. Agency for International Development, established by the US president John F. Kennedy, summons the main business schools to study the possibility of developing management and businesses programs in Latin America.
This Project was trusted to Ernst Arbuckle, Dean of the Graduate School of Business of Stanford University, he assumed the challenge and grouped up a team of professors led by Gail M. Oxley and Alan B. Coleman to evaluate in site the feasibility of undertaking this ambitious project.
This is how on July 25 of 1963 the Peruvian and American governments founded the “Escuela de Administración de Negocios para Graduados, ESAN” or “ESAN, Graduate School of Business” as known in English.
Its organization was trusted to the Stanford Graduate School of Business and professor Alan B. Coleman. Shortly after, a seminar on international high management was taught. A few months later, ESAN opened its doors and professionals from all Latin America applied for studying in the first full-time MBA in the Spanish-speaking world.
The following year, on April 1 of 1964, the 1st promotion of the Magister program started classes. More than 54 years have gone by since then, but the tone, style and spirit of the American teachers who forged ESAN remain valid even these days in ESAN University.

International accreditation
ESAN received AMBA (Association of MBAs) accreditation in 2002, being the first Peruvian MBA program and institution of higher education to be internationally credited by this association. In 2013 ESAN University received international accreditation from AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) for 10 of their programs: 7 postgraduate masters and 3 bachelor's degrees.

External links
 Official website in English
 Official website of ESAN
 Verified twitter account of ESAN
 Verified twitter account of ESAN University
 Official facebook account of ESAN University
 Official facebook account of ESAN


Institute of Social Welfare and Research (Dhaka University)

Institute of Social Welfare and Research is one of the oldest institutes of the University of Dhaka. It is the apex institution for the Social Work education in Bangladesh. It offers Graduation, Post-Graduation,M.Phil and PhD degrees to students in social welfare/Social Work.

The institute is situated in New Market area in the capital, adjacent to the gate-3 of Border Guard Bangladesh headquarters. It is situated in the same premises of two female dormitories of the University of Dhaka, Begum Fajilatunnessa Mujib Hall and Bangladesh- Kuwait Maitree Hall and detached from the main campus of the University of Dhaka.

History

The College of Social Welfare and Research Centre was established in 1958 as a constituent college of the University of Dhaka.

Later in 1973, the college was made an institute of the University of Dhaka and renamed as the Institute of Social Welfare and Research. A separate premises was allocated to the Institute, where the Academic Building with one Men's and one Girls' hostel for the institutes' students were constructed by the end of 1974, where after the Academic activity of the Institute commenced in the said premises.

The academic Building was attached with a large open field within the premises, which became the only after-noon recreational place for inhabitant of the adjacent residential locality New Paltan. In the years 1997 and 2008 two four storied Girls' students Hall of the Dhaka University namely Bangladesh Kuwait Maitree Hall and Begum Fajilatunnesa Mujib Hall respectively, were constructed in that field covering the whole area. This had made the entire premises a congested area, destroying the earlier beauty of the premises.

Facilities

 A K Ahamadulla Library
 Seminar Room
 Cyber Centre

Publications

Journal of Social Development

Extra curricular activities

 Social Welfare Debating Club
 Social Welfare English Club
 YES, TIB-Social Welfare
 Social Welfare Cricket Team have become champion of the Intra-department cricket match of Dhaka University in 2017. Some prominent player was Abdullah al Masud, Mohammadullah Nirob, Robiul Islam, Didar,Saif Talukder, Rezaul and others.

Social Welfare Alumni Association(SWAA)

Social Welfare Alumni Association is a platform of the former students of the institute. Professor M A Momen is the president and Jahangir Murshed is the General Secretary of the association.

Notable alumni

 Colonel Abu Taher, Biruttam,Sector Commander of the Liberation War of Bangladesh.
 Tahrunessa Abdullah,first Bangladeshi who was awarded Ramon Magsaysay award for community leadership in 1978
 Dr. Muhammad Mojammel Haque, Commissioner, Anti Corruption Commission, former senior secretary,  Ministry of Public Administration
 Dr. Muhammad Samad, Pro- Vice Chancellor(Administration),  University of Dhaka
 Md. Shahidul Haque, Senior Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
  Md. Anwarul Islam, Secretary,  Bridge Division,  Ministry of Road Transport and Bridges
 Shohidul Islam, Former IGP of Bangladesh Police.
 Javed Patwary, IGP of Bangladesh Police


Battle of Sông Bé

The Battle of Sông Bé was a major action between the Viet Cong (VC) and Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) in May 1965.

Planned as a major show of force against the ARVN forces, the VC attempted to capture the fortified capital of Phước Long Province, Sông Bé. Perhaps to their surprise, ARVN forces in the area rallied and re-took the town by the end of the second day of combat. Several additional days of chasing the VC forces involved proved fruitless, as they escaped.

Background
A series of political and military setbacks starting as early as 1962 had been gradually eroding the combat effectiveness of the ARVN forces, originally more than a match for the VC with their United States supplied helicopters and armored personnel carriers. The VC forces had been left to train in relative safety and had developed new tactics and been supplied with new weapons that upset the balance of power. By 1964 ARVN morale was collapsing and the VC was in nominal control of much of the countryside. To capitalize on this, the VC was planning ever-larger operations.

On April 16, 1965, the U.S. Special Forces SF B-34 Detachment was sent to Sông Bé to reinforce the ARVN forces, joining an existing MACV team headquarters in the town. They set about building up a fortified area on a nearby hill and were joined by the POW intelligence team, 120 ARVN, and several light tanks manned by local militiamen.

Battle
At 01:45 on May 10, the VC 761st and 763d Regiments consisting of two thousand five hundred infantry attacked the city from multiple directions, first using mortar barrages and then rushing in their forces. Even though the American positions were still being constructed, the special forces and ARVN were able to stop them from overrunning their positions and the area of the town around them. Hung up on the defenses, many of the VC became easy targets for U.S. snipers. At 03:45 helicopter gunships arrived but were unable to see the ground because of fog and low clouds. They instead attacked supporting artillery (likely 82mm mortars) west of the town. Attempts to evacuate casualties by helicopter were repeatedly driven off by 50-caliber machine guns, until these were suppressed by F-4 Phantoms using special cluster munitions. The machine guns silenced, the evacuation finally took place at 08:00.

Even though the base had been defended, much of the town had fallen to VC control. They positioned machine gun and flamethrower units at almost every street corner. At noon, the 36th ARVN Ranger Battalion brazenly attacked into the town, and drove off the VC occupying the center of the town, often resorting to melee combat using knives and swords. This is surprising in some regards, since the Rangers were local irregular forces and generally had not performed well against the VC in prior battles. They were joined a few hours later by the 34th ARVN Rangers, and by evening the entire town was returned to South Vietnamese control.

Notes


Harry Dennis (disambiguation)

Harry Dennis was a footballer.

Harry Dennis may also refer to:
Harry Dennis (musician)


Bambang Sutrisno

Bambang Sutrisno (born in 1941) is one of the top wanted Indonesian fugitive who is living in Singapore with his family which comprises two sons—the youngest of whom is Hansen Sutrisno, born in 1985 and educated in Singapore and London—and a daughter, Chelsea Amanda Sutrisno.

Biography
Bambang Sutrisno begin building his fortune by working together with brother Benny Suherman and Suwikatmono, the cousin of then President Suharto, to establish 21 Cineplex. 21 Cineplex hosted 650 movie screens in Indonesia.  In the mid-1980s. Bambang left PT Suptan Film to start up his own supermarket chain business, the well-known Golden Truly chain, in Indonesia. He also set up Bank Surya. These businesses were once again set up with the help and connections of Suwikatmono, the cousin of then President Suharto. In 1997, during the economic financial crisis, the Indonesian government gave banks such as Bank Surya bailout money and Bambang Sutrisno embezzled 1.5 trillion Indonesian rupiah, the equivalent of around 200 million US dollars. Before he could be arrested, Bambang Sutrisno fled to neighbouring Singapore where he has obtained Permanent Resident status. Bambang Sutrisno was convicted of embezzlement in absentia in 1999 and sentenced to life imprisonment.


Cold Warrior (disambiguation)

A Cold Warrior is an active participant in the Cold War.

Cold Warrior or Cold Warriors may also refer to:
Cold Warrior (TV series), a 1984 British television series
"Cold Warriors", an episode of Futurama
Cold Warrior: James Jesus Angleton: The CIA's Master Spy Hunter, a 1992 book by Tom Mangold
Richard H. Kirk or Cold Warrior, British musician
USCGC Courier 410-WAGR or Cold Warrier, a Department of State radio broadcasting ship beaming Voice of America programming to Eastern Bloc and Iron Curtain countries 1952-1964


Saifuddin Abdullah

Dato' Saifuddin bin Abdullah (Jawi: سيف الدين بن عبدالله; born 27 January 1961) is a Malaysian politician and former Minister of Foreign Affairs and the Member of Parliament for Indera Mahkota. He is also a member of the ruling Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. Previously, he was the Member of Parliament of Malaysia for the Temerloh constituency in Pahang from 2008 to 2013 representing United Malay National Organisation (UMNO), the leading party in the then-ruling coalition of Barisan Nasional (BN).

Personal life
Saifuddin was born to an ustaz father and a schoolteacher mother in Temerloh near Mentakab, Pahang.

Education
Saifuddin was educated at Sekolah Kebangsaan Abu Bakar Mentakab (1968–73), Malay College Kuala Kangsar - MCKK (1974–80), obtained BA Honors from University of Malaya (1984), Diploma in Translation from Malaysian Translator Association / Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (1985) and followed by the Executive Course at Harvard Business School (1995).

Political career
Saifuddin was elected to Parliament in the 2008 election, and was immediately appointed as a deputy minister, being cited as a future ministerial prospect. He had previously been the Secretary-General of the Malaysian Youth Council. After the election he was appointed as a deputy minister, and was the Deputy Minister of Higher Education in Najib Razak's first term as Prime Minister. During his ministerial tenure, Saifuddin was one of the more moderate and liberal-progressive politicians in Najib's administration. He criticised his own government's handling of the Bersih 2.0 rally in 2011, in which over 1,600 protestors were arrested on the streets of Kuala Lumpur. In early 2013, he also stood up for a student who was humiliated by a government-linked panellist at a student forum at the Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM).

Saifuddin's ministerial career was cut short by the 2013 election, when he lost his parliamentary seat to a Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) candidate by 1,070 votes.

Saifuddin has written four books on Malaysian politics. After leaving Parliament he joined the University of Malaya as a research fellow, but in 2014, he resigned his position in protest when Malaysia's Education Ministry forced a well-respected professor at the university to resign, reportedly due to research findings critical of the government.

In 2015, Saifuddin quit UMNO and joined the People's Justice Party (PKR) over disagreements with the government's handling of the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal.

In February 2020, Saifuddin quit PKR along with deputy president Azmin Ali and 9 other MP's to form an independent parliamentary block.

Election results

Honours
  :
  Knight Companion of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (DSAP) - Dato' (2009)
  :
  Knight Commander of the Order of the Perak State Crown (DPMP) - Dato' (2002)


2013 Negeri Sembilan FA season

The 2013 season was Negeri Sembilan's sixth season in the Malaysia Super League, the top flight of Malaysian football. The club finished 12th in the table and were relegated to the Malaysia Premier League.

Review

Pre-season
Negeri Sembilan put eight new faces including two import players to cover Hoben Jang Hoben squad challenges in Super League 2013 season. Two import players are striker from Argentina, Emanuel De Porras and defender of Cameroon, William Paul Modibo offered a year contract as the latest backup squad Jangs in forming a strong team and the caliber of providing high quality performances for them to compete in the league . 8 new faces in squad of the 2013 season are Mohd Hamsani Ahmad, Abdul Ghani Rahman and S. Sivanesan (Felda United), Mohd Fauzi Nan (Kedah), Azmeer Yusof (Pos Malaysia), Eddy Helmi Abdul Manan (Johor FC), Mohd Alafi Mahmud (MP Muar) and Mohd Radzuan Abdullah promote from Negeri Sembilan President's. Players who remain with squad are Kaharuddin, Badrulzaman, Tengku Qayyum, Norhafiz Zamani, Mohd Zulfaizham Kamis, Rashid Mamud, Muszaki, Mohd Alif, Norismaidham, Shahurain, Idris Karim, Halim Zainal, Mohd Nazrin Mohd Nawi, Mohd Firdaus Azizul, Shakir Ali. While the 9 pillars of migratory jangs is Qhairul Anwar and Effa Owona choose not to renew the contract and join Terengganu, Farizal Marlias migrated to Perak, Shukor Adan to ATM, S. Kunanlan to Selangor, G. Mahathevan to T-Team Titans and PBNS release defender from Czechoslovakia, Marian Farbák, Vijayan Parameswaran and Mohd Shaffik Abdul Rahman.
Source: BERNAMA

Club

Coaching Staff

Other information

Kit Manufacturers & Financial Sponsor

Players

Full Squad

Transfers

Disember

In

Out

April

In

Out

Non-competitive

Pre-season

Friendly Match

Competitions

Malaysia Super League

Matches

Malaysia FA Cup

Knockout stage

Quarter-finals

Terengganu FA won 6-1 on aggregate and advanced to the Semi-finals.

Malaysia Cup

Play-off

Group stage

Season statistics

Top scorers

Disciplinary record

 = Number of bookings;    = Number of sending offs after a second yellow card;    = Number of sending offs by a direct red card.


Werner Bastians

Werner Bastians (born 2 February 1957) is a German sprinter. He competed in the men's 100 metres at the 1976 Summer Olympics representing West Germany.


MadBid

MadBid was a Gamified eCommerce and online auction website registered under Marcandi Ltd. in the United Kingdom. Founded in 2008 by Juha Koski, Madhur Srivastava and Daniel Rovira. The company operates in ten European countries including the UK, Ireland, Spain, France, and Australia. However, in August 2018, Madbid closed up the company and ended all sales.

Skype founders' venture capital firm Atomico in 2010 invested over £4 million ($6 million) in funding for MadBid.

Business Model
MadBid’s core business model began as a penny auction and the company has since added additional eCommerce features including a "Buy Now" option to purchase products outright, as well as an "Earned Discount" feature that allows consumers to apply the cumulative value of bids placed which did not result in an auction win, towards a discount for products, the discount remains available for 365 days after the auction closed. Most "Buy Now" auctions on MadBid have a price comparison tab so that shoppers can compare against selected online retailers.

Bidding
The pay-to-bid auction process employed by MadBid is based on users buying "credits" which allow them to place bids in auctions. Users must purchase these credits before participating. Credits are sold in different bulk amounts and cost between 10p and 12.5p. However the effective credit value is significantly lower due to offers and to won credits and credits purchased in "Buy Now". The number of credits to place a bid on each auction varies; smaller auctions require two credits for every bid placed, while larger and more popular auctions can use up to fifteen credits.

Every bid placed raises the auction price of an item by 1p and at the same time extends the closing time of the auction by up to 60 seconds.  The auction closes when time runs out, and the last bid wins the right to buy the item for the final auction price plus any processing and shipping costs. The final auction price is incremented by 1p for every bid placed during the auction.

The net result is those who did not win paid for a number of bids and receive nothing (though the amount paid does count towards the "earned discount"), the winning bidder has paid for their bids and will still need to pay the final auction price plus p&p. In one example for a television with an RRP of £450, which cost four credits per bid, the winner spent £217.60 on bids plus the winning price and P&P, all other bidders paid and did not win the item, the highest of those paying £211.60, the other bidders paid much smaller amounts. In total Madbid received £612 for the item. In a more recent example, for a circa £600 laptop, MadBid could have received around £14,000 in bids assuming the cost of bids was equal for all participants.

Buy Now
MadBid offers a "Buy Now" option, where users can purchase most items without needing to take part in an auction. Additionally credit accrued from bids placed on auctions which weren't won("Earned Discount"), can be used to reduce the cost of "Buy Now". The true worth of this discount is debated as in instances the base MadBid price is claimed to be significantly more expensive than other online shops. In one example a toaster listed with RRP of £79.99 was listed for "Buy Now" at £49.38 + delivery, whereas the same toaster was available elsewhere online for £25 with free delivery.

Awards
The Guardian included MadBid as part of their 2010 "Tech Media Invest 100 List". The company was a finalist for the 2011 eCommerce Expo's "Site Innovation Award", and in 2012 they were finalists for the Red Herring 100 Europe Award, in the Entertainment & Media section. Later that year, the company was nominated for the "Small Online Business of the Year Award" at the Orange National Business Awards. The Sunday Times also listed MadBid 41st in the 2012 Tech Track 100 league table.

History
MadBid was founded as a bootstrapped startup by Juha Koski, Madhur Srivastava and Daniel Rovira during 2008. After growth fueled by a 2009 seed round, the partners in 2010 raised £4 million equity financing in a Series A venture round from Skype and Kazaa founders' venture capital fund Atomico; the funding was aimed towards a Europe-wide roll out of services.

Marcandi, the company that operates Madbid, is owned by Jersey-based Keyword Group Ltd. The company has gone into administration as of 28 June 2018

Revenue
MadBid's sales grew 71% a year, from £1.5 million in 2009 to £7.5 million in 2012, before falling in recent years.

The site had over three million registered users and a million weekly unique user page views in 2012, up from 1.6 million users in 2011. MadBid also saw a 219% click volume increase from its 2010 volume of 60,000–70,000.

The final closing price is usually lower than the product's recommended retail price, but not always cheaper than conventional retail channels. MadBid earns a profit if the revenue from bids placed and the final price are greater than cost price plus operating costs. As MadBid can earn up to around £2.00 for every penny in price increase, an auction that reaches £10 could earn the company close to £100. In 2010 MadBid reported that they profit on only 30% of sales, but that those profits exceed any losses on the remaining 70%, current figures are unreported.

Criticism
Mark D. Griffiths, professor of gambling studies at Nottingham Trent University, has repeatedly called for more regulation of sites like MadBid, but the UK's Gambling Commission has stated that it does not believe that such sites involve gambling, and while the Office of Fair Trading has worked against other sites which utilise automatic bidding against customers, it says it has nothing to add to the work already done.

Due to the possibility of participants losing an auction, some analysts have criticized the model or compared it to gambling, even when operating without fraud. The Better Business Bureau has stated that, "not all penny auction sites are scams" and to "know exactly how the bidding works, set a limit for yourself, and be prepared to walk away before you go over that limit." The Washington state attorney general's office studied the bidding-fee scheme and concluded that it does not constitute gambling under its state laws. It is now studying whether or not such "penny auctions" constitute a lottery.

The Guardian exposed irregularities across three Madbid markets (USA, UK and Europe) where the prices successful bidders were shown to have paid were inaccurate. A Fiat car was shown as having sold for £193, $193 and €193 in its respective markets, an iPad for £34.40, $34.40 or €34.40, and a camera for £23.94 or €23.94. Due to the concept of exchange rates, at least 2 out of the 3 claims were definitely incorrect. Madbid's explanation was that 'Bid winners (from each of the MadBid sites) are automatically displayed across the three sites. However, the software that drives this is not sophisticated enough to deal with the currency conversion and interest rate variables between the pound, dollar and euro. To simplify matters, the price is paid is [sic] consistent across the sites.'

The Guardian also claim that winners of auctions may pay considerably more for their goods than had they purchased them through conventional retail channels, using the example of a toaster with RRP of £79.99 that sold for £36.27 plus £8.99 delivery, but was available for £24.99 delivered from another website. The price paid by the winner excluded the cost of bids.


Hilda Esthela Flores Escalera

Hilda Esthela Flores Escalera (born 9 September 1970) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI. She currently serves as Senator of the LXII Legislature of the Mexican Congress. She also served as deputy during the LXI Legislature.


Campo Viera

Campo Viera is a village and municipality in Misiones Province in north-eastern Argentina.


Lee Jaffe

Lee Jaffe (born 1950) is an American artist, photographer, filmmaker, musician, and producer.

Life and work

Early life
Born in the Bronx to a Jewish family, Jaffe grew up in New York City. Having fulfilled his high school requirements at the age of sixteen, Jaffe left New York to attend Penn State University, where he studied American history and literature, art history, and modern philosophy.

Early films and conceptual art
Jaffe left Penn State at the age of 19, returned briefly to New York where he played harmonica and guitar in various bands, and then picked up suddenly and moved to Brazil. Through the music scene there, he was introduced into a circle of friends making experimental films. There, he directed such films as the 16 mm film Nine Ways of Dying, created in the remote mountains of Brazil. Jaffe became close to the influential Brazilian filmmaker Neville d’Almeida and the artist Hélio Oiticica, with whom he collaborated in the April 1970 exhibition “From Body to Earth” in Belo Horizonte.

When Jaffe returned in New York in 1971, he continued making films, such as Impact, with the conceptual artist Vito Acconci, and Brooklyn Bridge, with Gordon Matta-Clark. In 1971, he also participated in the landmark conceptual exhibition “Projects: Pier 18” for the Museum of Modern Art, New York, curated by Willoughby Sharp.

Music career and sojourn in Jamaica
In 1972, while working with Island Records, he met Bob Marley in a hotel room in New York. He followed Marley back to Jamaica on what was originally a two-week vacation, but ended up staying for the next five years. Jaffe lived with Marley, managing the Wailers, playing harmonica on the album Natty Dread, and organizing their North American tour. In Jamaica, Jaffe also met Peter Tosh, and he produced his album Legalize It and shot the iconic cover in 1977.

Turn to painting
Jaffe moved back to New York in 1977, while still working with Peter Tosh. In 1983 Jaffe turned to painting. His works have been characterized as “large scale, multi-media historical assemblage.” Through his work, he has explored various themes of marginalization in American history, such as “the exploitation of the black performer in America, the cruelty of the fur industry, the relationship of the Native American to his environment, the ambiguity of America's traitors.” Jaffe has exhibited at major museums worldwide, including Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden; The Irish Museum of Modern Art, Dublin, Ireland; and the Ikon Gallery, Birmingham, England.

Recent work
In the mid-80s, Jaffe produced records for reggae pioneer Joe Higgs, Grammy-nominated The Wailing Souls, and dancehall innovator Barrington Levy. In 2003, he wrote ONE LOVE: Life with Bob Marley and the Wailers, published by W.W. Norton and Sons.

In 2013, Jaffe co-wrote a book with French scholar and Jamaican popular music specialist, Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini, Bob Marley and the Wailers: 1973-1976, published by Camion Blanc (French language). This book is a sort of autobiography in which Jaffe reveals precious details about his meetings and relations with Bob Marley and other extraordinary artists including Peter Tosh, Hélio Oiticica, Vito Acconci, and Jean-Michel Basquiat just to name a few.

Jaffe lives today in New York, where he continues to produce films and create his large-scale painting and assemblage.

Film
1969-72
 Mask Whisper
 Parallel Fears (with Miguel Rio Branco)
 Impact (with Vito Acconci)
 Nine Ways of Dying
 Brooklyn Bridge (with Gordon Matta-Clark)
 Le Chien (Starring Rita Renior and Elizabeth Weiner)
 The Life and Times of Luis Gonzaga

2009
 Flow: For Love of Water (producer)

Discography
 1977 Peter Tosh, Legalize it
 1986 Joe Higgs, Family
 1988 Joe Higgs, Blackman Know Yourself
 1991 The Wailing Souls, All Over The World
 1994 Morgan Heritage, Miracles
 1994 Barrington Levy, Barrington
 1999 Barrington Levy, Living Dangerously

Books
 2003 ONE LOVE, Life with Bob Marley and the Wailers by Lee Jaffe, Roger Steffens Publisher: W. W. Norton and Company; 1st edition (April 22, 2003)
 1992 Cordially Yours, Lee Jaffe by Rainer Crone and David Moos. Publisher: Moderna Museet (1992)
 2013 Bob Marley & The Wailers: 1973-1976 by Lee Jaffe, Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini. Publisher: Camion Blanc (June 17, 2013). Language: French.


Duplicaria helenae

Duplicaria helenae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Terebridae, the auger snails.

Description

Distribution


Voetboogdoelen, Amsterdam

The Voetboogdoelen ("crossbowmen's shooting range") was a 16th-century building on the Singel canal in Amsterdam, at the corner of Heiligeweg near Koningsplein square, which served as headquarters and shooting range of the local schutterij (civic guard). Frans Hals painted a group portrait for the Voetboogdoelen, known as the Meagre Company.

The spot where the Voetboogdoelen once stood is now occupied by the main building of the Amsterdam University Library. The nearby street Voetboogstraat was named in reference to the Voetboogdoelen.

History

The Voetboogdoelen, also called Sint-Jorisdoelen  after its patron saint, Saint George, was one of three doelens (shooting ranges) for the Amsterdam schutterij (civic guard). The other two shooting ranges were the Handboogdoelen and Kloveniersdoelen, located along the Singel and Kloveniersburgwal canals respectively. The Voetboogdoelen civic guard was armed with crossbows, while the Handboogdoelen civic guard wielded longbows and the Kloveniersdoelen civic guard used an early type of musket, the arquebus.

The Voetboogdoelen was established in 1458 as the shooting range for the voetboogschutterij (crossbowmen's civic guard), and the associated building was completed in the early 16th century. The shooting range extended from the Singel canal to the back side of the houses on Kalverstraat and Heiligeweg.

Amsterdam's militia guilds were formed in the Middle Ages to defend the city against attack. Around 1580, at the behest of William of Orange, these Medieval guilds were incorporated into a new, much larger civic guard to defend the newly Protestant city against the Spanish during the Dutch revolt which ultimately led to a full-blown war of independence, the Eighty Years' War. Officers of this new civic guard were recruited from the well-to-do of Amsterdam.

In the mid-17th century, the Eighty Years' War ended and the civic guard no longer served a military purpose. The civic guard continued to exist, but membership became an honorary position and the doelens assumed a primarily social function. The wealthiest and most powerful citizens of Dutch Golden Age Amsterdam came together in the doelens to eat, drink and smoke. In 1650 the city gave permission for houses to be built on the former shooting ranges of the Voet- and Handboogdoelen. For these houses, two new streets were constructed: the Voetboogstraat and Handboogstraat.

Banquets were held in the Voetboogdoelen in 1653 and 1654 to celebrate the founding of the Amsterdam artists' guild, the Guild of Saint Luke. At the first of these feasts, on 20 October 1653, Joost van den Vondel was crowned with a laurel wreath to celebrate his career as a poet.

From 1674, the Voetboogdoelen was rented out to the new Dutch West India Company — founded after the original company went bankrupt — to serve as its headquarters. From then on, the building was known as the West-Indisch Binnenhuis (Inner West India House) or simply West-Indisch Huis (West India House). The building was also used by the Society of Suriname from its founding in 1683 until the company was nationalized in 1795. During the French period, the Voetboogdoelen served as barracks. In 1816 the building was demolished to make way for the Roman Catholic St. Catherine's Church, consecrated in 1820. In 1939, the church was itself demolished.

This left the grounds unoccupied until the 1960s, when the main building of the Amsterdam University Library was built on the spot. The building, designed by architect Jan Leupen and others, has been named in the media as one of the ugliest of Amsterdam.

Painting
Members of the civic guard, drawn from the well-to-do of Amsterdam, frequently commissioned group portraits of themselves, which were hung in the doelens. The earliest known example of these so-called schuttersstukken is a 1529 triptych by Dirck Jacobsz. for the Kloveniersdoelen, now in the Amsterdam Museum. Group portraits for the Voetboogdoelen were commissioned from as early as the 1530s.

Frans Hals was commissioned in 1633 to paint a group portrait for the Voetboogdoelen, The Meagre Company. However, Hals took years to complete it and, when the painting was still unfinished in 1636, Pieter Codde was contracted to complete it. Now on display in the Rijksmuseum, The Meagre Company is one of Hals' best-known works and was an important inspiration for Vincent van Gogh.

Two group portraits were commissioned for the Oude Sael (Old Hall) of the Voetboogdoelen to commemorate the end of the Eighty Years' War with the Peace of Münster in 1648. The best-known of these two paintings is the Banquet at the Crossbowmen’s Guild in Celebration of the Treaty of Münster by Bartholomeus van der Helst. This painting is now in the Rijksmuseum. The painting was probably trimmed; on copies (such as a 1779 print by Jacob Cats), the back wall and window are much higher, and some of the ceiling is even visible. In the painting, some of the buildings on the opposite side of the Singel canal can be seen through the window, including a building at Singel 460 designed and built by Philip Vingboons (nowadays the Odeon club and restaurant). The second group portrait commissioned for the Old Hall of the Voetboogdoelen was The company of Captain Joan Huydecoper by Govert Flinck. The painting is now in the Amsterdam Museum.

From about 1683, the group portraits were removed from the doelens, beginning with those in the former Voetboogdoelen. Most were hung in Amsterdam's city hall on Dam Square (now the Royal Palace of Amsterdam), others sold at auction. Many of these paintings, including Rembrandt's The Night Watch (which hung in the Kloveniersdoelen), were significantly trimmed to fit their new home. The full-size versions are known only through copies made of the original paintings, such as the watercolor copies contained in the Egerton Manuscript, which is now in the British Library. Cornelis Ketel's 1588 group painting of a company of the Voetboogdoelen civic guard, The Company of Captain Dirck Jacobsz Rosecrans and Lieutenant Pauw (now in the Rijksmuseum) was cropped on all sides, with as much as 1.27 meters thought to have been cut off on the right-hand side.

Related buildings

The Voetboogdoelen was one of three doelens (shooting ranges) for the Amsterdam civic guard, alongside the Handboogdoelen and Kloveniersdoelen, which were located along Singel and Kloveniersburgwal canal respectively. Of the three, only the Handboogdoelen survives.

Other Dutch towns, including The Hague, Leiden and 's-Hertogenbosch, also had a Voetboogdoelen or Sint-Jorisdoelen.

The original headquarters of the Dutch West India Company was the West-Indisch Huis (West India House, 1617), also in Amsterdam. The West-Indisch Pakhuis (West India Warehouse, 1642) in Amsterdam served as headquarters from 1647 until the Voetboogdoelen took over this function in 1674.