Otto Küsel

Otto Küsel (born May 16, 1909 in Berlin; died November 17, 1984) is considered to be an example of a prisoner functionary in Nazi concentration camp, who used his position in favour of other prisoners.

Detention in German concentration camps
Küsel was arrested because of offences against property. On May 20, 1940, he came from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp to Auschwitz I in a group of 30 criminal prisoners. His prison number was number 2.

As a prisoner functionary, he was responsible to coordinate the work of the prisoners and used his position to help them, for instance by assigning good labour details to weaker prisoners.

In the afternoon of December 1942, Küsel escaped together with the Polish prisoners, Jan Baraś Komski, Mieczysław Januszewski and Bolesław Kuczbara.

Küsel was arrested in Warsaw and sent back to Auschwitz in September 1943. He was kept in isolation until November and released to the main camp in November during an amnesty related to the taking of office of the new commander Arthur Liebehenschel. On November 9, 1944 he was sent to Flossenbürg.

After the war

Küsel was among the 211 survivors of Auschwitz testifying in the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials.

Literature
Bernacka, Monika: Otto Küsel- Green Triangle. On the 100th Anniversary of his Birth: In: Oś—Oświęcim, People, History, Culture magazine, no. 5, May 2009, S. 8-9.  (Digitalisat, englisch), retrieved 2010-04-29.
 Czech, Danuta, Kalendarium der Ereignisse im Konzentrationslager Auschwitz-Birkenau 1939-1945, 1. Aufl., 1989. Quoted after the Italian translation by Gianluca Picchinini (digitalized, Italian)
 Dregger, Sebastian:  Die Rolle der Funktionshäftlinge im Vernichtungslager Auschwitz – und das Beispiel Otto Küsels., in: Aventinus. Die Historische Internetzeitschrift von Studenten für Studenten, Ausgabe 04 - Wintersemester 07/08

External links
 Sebastian Dregger: Die Rolle der Funktionshäftlinge im Vernichtungslager Auschwitz – und das Beispiel Otto Küsels (Retrieved 2010-04-29)


Amherst Avenue Historic District

Amherst Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Ticonderoga, in Essex County, New York. The district contains 16 contributing buildings on ten properties; 10 houses and six garages.  It includes single-family homes built between 1921 and 1923 by W.A. Gale for the Ticonderoga Pulp and Paper Company as rental properties for company management.  Gale also constructed the houses in the Lake George Avenue Historic District.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.


Ahankoti

Ahankoti (, also Romanized as Āhankotī) is a village in Pain Khiyaban-e Litkuh Rural District, in the Central District of Amol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 142, in 37 families.


Fatih Kocamis

Fatih Kocamis (Turkish Fatih Kocamış) is a German/Turkish retired mixed martial artist and kickboxer who fought in Pride Fighting Championships, RINGS, K-1 and M-1 Global. He trained with the Golden Glory team, alongside Chalid Arrab, Stefan Leko and Alistair Overeem.

His last fight was in 2005, against the former UFC Heavyweight Champion Kevin Randleman in which he lost by unanimous decision and later retired from fighting in 2008.

Mixed martial arts record

|-
| Loss
| align=center| 8-8-1
| Kevin Randleman
| Decision (unanimous)
| Bushido Europe - Rotterdam Rumble
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Rotterdam, Netherlands
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 8-7-1
| Yahya Lalanne
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| CFC 4 - Cage Carnage
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:07
| Liverpool, England
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 7-7-1
| Alex Cook
| TKO (corner stoppage)
| CFC 2 - Cage Carnage
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| N/A
| Liverpool, England
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 6-7-1
| Mark Epstein
| TKO (punches)
| 2H2H - 2 Hot 2 Handle
|
| align=center| N/A
| align=center| N/A
| Rotterdam, Netherlands
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 5-7-1
| Dave Vader
| Submission
| It's Showtime - Amsterdam Arena
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:36
| Amsterdam, Netherlands
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 4-7-1
| Arman Gambaryan
| Submission (punches)
| M-1 MFC - Russia vs. The World 7
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 8:00
| St. Petersburg, Russia
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 3-7-1
| Takahiro Oba
| Decision (unanimous)
| Pride The Best Vol.2
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 2-7-1
| Rodney Glunder
| Decision
| 2H2H 4 - Simply the Best 4
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 3:00
| Rotterdam, Netherlands
|
|-
| Draw
| align=center| 2-6-1
| Arman Gambaryan
| Draw
| M-1 MFC - European Championship 2002
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 10:00
| St. Petersburg, Russia
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 2-6
| Islam Dadalov
| Submission (headbutt)
| IAFC - Pankration World Championship 2001
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:34
| Yaroslavl, Russia
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 2-5
| Joop Kasteel
| Submission (armbar)
| Rings Holland: Some Like It Hard
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:57
| Utrecht City, Netherlands
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 2-4
| Moise Rimbon
| Decision (1-0 points)
| 2H2H 3 - Hotter Than Hot
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Rotterdam, Netherlands
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 2-3
| Ed de Kruijf
| KO (punches)
| 2H2H 2 - Simply The Best
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 7:00
| Rotterdam, Netherlands
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 1-3
| Valentijn Overeem
| KO (punch)
| Rings Holland: Di Capo Di Tutti Capi
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 0:47
| Utrecht City, Netherlands
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 1-2
| Romazi Korkelia
| TKO (cut)
| IAFC - Pankration World Championship 2000 [Day 2]
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| N/A
| Moscow, Russia
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 1-1
| Mikhail Avetisyan
| TKO
| Seikendo - Hard Battle
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 11:26
| Yokogama, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1-0
| Niels Bolle
| Submission (armbar)
| IMA - Back to the Roots
|
| align=center| N/A
| align=center| N/A
| Hoofddorp, Netherlands
|


Cross v. United States (1871)

Cross v. United States, 81 U.S. (14 Wall.) 479 (1871), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the principle of res judicata did not apply to Congressional reference cases. This was because Congress' intent in referring the case to the Court of Claims was to waive the defense of time bar for the entire controversy and that such intent could not be interpreted narrowly to prevent full recovery.

Background
In 1851, Daniel Saffarans leased a warehouse in San Francisco to the United States government for ten years. As part of the construction of the warehouse, Alexander Cross, purchased the property and the lease contract with the government. After occupying the warehouse for three years, the Secretary of the Treasury terminated the lease, citing the informal nature of the assignment of the contract by Saffarans to Cross. In 1856, Cross sued the United States in the Court of Claims for the delinquent installment payments, however the government prevailed by showing that the informal nature of the assignment of the lease was defective and therefore insufficient for Cross to maintain a claim.  The decision of the court was sent to Congress, which in 1864 passed 13 Stat. 591. This law permitted Cross to re-file his claim against the government and waived the defense of improper assignment as a bar to recovery.

Cross refiled the suit and prevailed against the government. However, he had only sued for three of the additional years of rents, so two years after prevailing against the government, he filed a new suit for the remaining $69,515 of the claim. The government cited that the waiver of defense by Congress was only effective for the first refiling and that as the amount was known to him at that time, he should be prevented from filing the additional suit. This bar is commonly known as res judicata in that it prevents the plaintiff from refiling on a claim if he could have brought the claim in an earlier suit.

Opinion of the Court
In its decision, the Court stated that Congress' intent in passing the 1864 Act was to permit him to recover for the entire controversy.  As there was no limiting language in the act that would prohibit him from refiling, the Court would not read the statute to permit only partial recovery.  Therefore, the Court reversed the dismissal by the Court of Claims and remanded the case to them with instructions to enter a judgment for the remaining $69,515.

Subsequent developments
This opinion established the principle that Congressional statutes providing remedial action should be construed liberally toward the aim of Congress' intent in passing the statute.  It also articulated the principle that if an installment payment was not overdue at the time a suit was commenced, it was not time barred from being brought in a later suit.  However, while such statutes are construed liberally, in Hartiens v. U.S., the Court of Claims narrowed the meaning of Cross, by limiting its action of re-reference to looking at false or fraudulent information from the first trial and not re-hearing the entire controversy.  Further, in the later Paul v. U.S. matter, the court confirmed that the principles of res judicata and stare decisis do not apply in Congressional reference cases.


William Holwell

William Holwell (1726 – 13 February 1798) was an English cleric and writer.

Life
The eldest son of William Holwell, esq., of Exeter, and Ann Blackall, daughter of Ofspring Blackall, he was born in 1726. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, in December 1741, and graduated B.A. in 1745, M.A. in 1748, and B.D. in 1760.

Holwell was tutor to Lord Beauchamp (the future Francis Ingram-Seymour-Conway, 2nd Marquess of Hertford), and was elected proctor for 1758. He was presented to the vicarage of Thornbury, Gloucestershire by Christ Church in January 1762, was appointed prebendary of Exeter Cathedral in 1776, and was at one time chaplain to George III. He died 13 February 1798.

Works
Holwell wrote:

 Selecti Dionysii Halicarnensis de priscis scriptoribus Tractatus græcè et latinè, 1766.
 The Beauties of Homer, selected from the Iliad, 1775.
 Extracts from Mr. Pope's translation, corresponding with the Beauties of Homer, 1776.
 A Mythological, Etymological, and Historical Dictionary, extracted from the Analysis of Ancient Mythology (with Jacob Bryant), 1793.


Taiheizan Prefectural Natural Park (Akita)

is a Prefectural Natural Park in Akita Prefecture, Japan. Established in 1972, the park spans the borders of the municipalities of Akita, Gojōme, and Kamikoani, and takes its name from .


Deh Gah, Farashband

Deh Gah (, also Romanized as Deh Gāh; also known as Dehgā) is a village in Dehram Rural District, Dehram District, Farashband County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 187, in 41 families.


Glencoe, California

Glencoe (formerly, Mosquito and Mosquito Gulch) is an unincorporated community in Calaveras County, California. It lies at an elevation of 2749 feet (838 m) and is located at . The community is in ZIP code 95232 and area code 209.

Glencoe was formerly called Mosquito Gulch. The business portion of the town was on the north side of Mosquito Gulch, but not one of the old buildings remains. The mines were first worked by Mexicans in the early 1850s. Quartz mining predominated but there was some placer mining as well.

The town today is registered as California Historical Landmark #280.

The first post office was opened at Mosquito in 1858 but closed in 1869; it was re-established as Mosquito Gulch in 1873. The name was changed to Glencoe in 1912; the post office closed again in 1916, but was re-established in 1947.

Politics
In the state legislature, Glencoe is in , and . Federally, Glencoe is in .


Collection of Modern Religious Art, Vatican Museums

The Collection of Modern Religious Art of the Vatican Museums (Musei Vaticani, Collezione Arte Religiosa Moderna) is a collection of paintings, graphic art and sculptures. It occupies 55 rooms: the Borgia Apartment (apartment of Pope Alexander VI) on the first floor of the Apostolic Palace, the two floors of the Salette Borgia, a series of rooms below the Sistine Chapel, and a series of rooms on the ground floor.

Collection

The collection consists of almost 800 works by 250 international artists including: Francis Bacon, Giacomo Balla, Ernst Barlach, Max Beckmann, Émile Bernard, Bernard Buffet, Alice Lok Cahana, Marc Chagall, Eduardo Chillida, Giorgio de Chirico, Salvador Dalí, Maurice Denis, Otto Dix, Paul Gauguin, Renato Guttuso, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Oskar Kokoschka, Alfred Manessier, Giacomo Manzù, Giorgio Morandi, Pablo Picasso, Odilon Redon, Auguste Rodin, Georges Rouault, Maurice Utrillo, and Vincent van Gogh. The majority of these works of art were donated by artists and collectors to the Holy See.

The prehistory of the Collection of Modern Religious Art begun with the homily of Pope Paul VI during his encounter with artists in the Sistine Chapel on May 7, 1964.

Pope Paul VI inaugurated the Collection of Modern Religious Art in 1973. Mario Ferrazza has been responsible for the collection since 1973.

Sale of art
In response to demands by activists that the Vatican should sell its artistic artifacts and give them to the poor, Cardinal Paul Josef Cordes asserted that the Church has the duty to conserve the works of art in the name of the Italian state and cannot sell them.


Embassy of Thailand in Washington, D.C.

The Thai Embassy in Washington, D.C. () is the diplomatic mission of the Kingdom of Thailand to the United States.  The embassy is located at 1024 Wisconsin Avenue, Northwest, Washington, D.C. in the Georgetown neighborhood.

The ambassador is Vijavat Isarabhakdi.


Metenino

Metenino () is a rural locality (a settlement) in Petushinsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 221 as of 2010. There are 7 streets.


Khodiyar railway station

Khodiyar railway station is a small railway station on the Western Railway network in the state of Gujarat, India. Khodiyar railway station is 11 km from Sabarmati Junction railway station. Passenger, MEMU and Express trains halt here.

Nearby stations

 and  are nearest railway stations towards , whereas Saij Sertha Road is nearest railway station towards .

Trains

 Gandhinagar Capital - Indore Shanti Express


Lynne McTaggart

Lynne McTaggart (born 23 January 1951, in New York City) is an American lecturer, journalist, author, and publisher. She is the author of six books, including The Intention Experiment and The Field. According to her author profile, she is a spokesperson "on consciousness, the new physics, and the practices of conventional and alternative medicine."

McTaggart is anti-vaccinationist. She promotes this belief in her book What Doctors Don't Tell You and in other publications. This has drawn significant criticism of her work and has created controversy.

Career
In her autobiography McTaggart reports that after recovering from an illness using alternative medical approaches her husband suggested she start a newsletter on the risks of some medical practices and devised the title: "What Doctors Don't Tell You".  In 1996 McTaggart published the book with the same name.

She and her husband set up a public company in 2001, What Doctors Don't Tell You plc, later Conatus plc, which published newsletters, magazines and audio-tapes based on conferences and seminars including, What Doctors Don't Tell You, PROOF!,  and Living the Field. This company was wound up in 2009.

A new company, Wddty Publishing Ltd, run by McTaggart and her husband, took over the What Doctors Don't Tell You website, and New Age Publishing Ltd for McTaggart's other publishing and public-speaking activities. Publication of their monthly magazine What Doctors Don't Tell You restarted in August 2012, in a glossy format aimed at newsagent and high-street distribution, instead of using the previous subscription model, and carrying paid advertising, something McTaggart had originally said WDDTY would not do.

In her book The Field, McTaggart asserts that the universe is unified by an interactive field. The book has been translated into fourteen languages. In a later book, The Intention Experiment, she discusses research in the field of human consciousness which she says supports the theory that "the universe is connected by a vast quantum energy field" and can be influenced by thought. Michael Shermer states that this belief is contradicted by conflicting evidence (e.g. studies on intercessory prayer).

McTaggart has a personal-development program called "Living The Field" which is based on an idiosyncratic interpretation of the zero point field as applied to quantum mechanics. She appears in the extended version of the movie What the Bleep Do We Know!?, (2004).

From 1996 until 2002 McTaggart and her husband Bryan Hubbard published the monthly newsletter Mother Knows Best, later renamed Natural Parent magazine, focusing on home schooling, environmental and health concerns, including nutrition and homeopathy. They also published related books: My Learning Child, My Spiritual Child and My Healthy Child.

Significant portions of her book about Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington appeared without attribution
or permission in The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys: An American Saga (1987), by historian Doris Kearns Goodwin. Goodwin eventually resolved the matter with a public apology to McTaggart and a "substantial" monetary settlement.

Criticism
What Doctors Don't Tell You has been cited for factual errors in its attacks on medicine, such as confusing the antiviral drug Tamiflu for a vaccine and attributing deaths to a nonexistent avian influenza vaccine. Ben Goldacre has described McTaggart as "viciously, viciously anti-vaccine" and notes that "In a radical move, even for the vaccine fear-mongering community, this time she has people dying from a vaccine that doesn’t actually exist".

The Field has been characterized by Mark Henderson of The Times as pseudoscience, focusing on her personal understanding of quantum physics as a misconception.

McTaggart was reported to have threatened to sue Simon Singh after he contacted Comag, the distributors of WDDTY, complaining that the magazine was "largely unscientific" and "promoting advice that could potentially harm readers." "Also, many of the adverts appear to make pseudoscientific and unsubstantiated claims," he said. "I even offered to meet with Comag and introduce them to medical experts, but they have not accepted this invitation. When I suggested that I would blog about our email exchange, their reaction was to tell me in no uncertain terms: 'I should inform you that we have sought legal advice in respect of this matter. We would take any attempts to damage our reputation on social media or elsewhere very seriously.'"

In the months between first publication of What Doctors Don't Tell You in magazine form, and February 2013, 54 breaches of the Code of Advertising Practice in 11 adverts were adjudicated and upheld by the Advertising Standards Authority along with a further 11 informally resolved cases, concerning adverts in the first two issues, with more breaches in subsequent issues too.

In an interview on BBC Radio 4, GP and author Dr. Margaret McCartney stated: "I'm astounded that Lynne thinks this is an evidence-based publication. It's anything but," she said. "The problem with evidence is that it can tell you things that you'd rather not know. A lot of the time medicine does do harm but that's why doctors and scientists are duty-bound to put their research findings out there and to stop doing things that cause harm. What we shouldn't do is abandon medicine and the scientific method and go straight for alternative medicine with no good evidence that that works either." She criticised stories in the magazine as "absolute rubbish" and "ridiculously alarmist".

In an article in The Times in October 2013 Tom Whipple, science correspondent, said that "Experts are calling on high street shops to stop selling a magazine that claims that vitamin C cures HIV, suggests homeopathy could treat cancer and implies that the cervical cancer vaccine has killed hundreds of girls."

Personal life
McTaggart is married to publisher Bryan Hubbard and lives in London with her two daughters.

Works
 Kathleen Kennedy: Her Life and Times (1983)
 What Doctors Don't Tell You: The Truth About The Dangers Of Modern Medicine (1999)
 The Cancer Handbook: What's Really Working (2000)
 The Field: The Quest for the Secret Force of the Universe (2003)
 The Intention Experiment: Using Your Thoughts to Change Your Life and the World (2007)
 The Bond: Connecting through the Space Between Us (2011) ;
 The Power of Eight: Harnessing the Miraculous Energies of a Small Group to Heal Others, Your Life, and the World (2017) ;


Joseph "Flip" Nuñez

Joseph "Flip" Nuñez (August 27, 1931 – November 3, 1995) was an American jazz pianist, composer, and vocalist of Filipino descent.

Solo recording
My Own Time and Space, (Catalyst), 1976

Performance credits
 Beverly Kelly, Bev Kelly In Person, 1960
 Jon Hendricks, In Person at the Trident, 1963
 Azteca, Azteca, 1972
 Azteca, Pyramid of the Moon, 1973
 Ira Nepus, Trombone Feeling, 1979
 John Handy, Centerpiece, 1989


Chrystelle Sahuc

Chrystelle-Arlette Sahuc, better known as Chrystelle Sahuc, (born February 9, 1975, Alès, Gard, France) is a retired French rhythmic gymnast.

She competed for France in the individual rhythmic gymnastics all-around competition at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona. She was 19th in the qualification round and didn't advance to the final.


Ellen Seligman

Ellen Eve Seligman (born 1952, died March 25, 2016) was an American editor and publisher. She was a member of the Order of Ontario, the highest honour in the Canadian province of Ontario, and twice won the Canadian Booksellers Association Editor of the Year Award.

Seligman was born in New York City and attended the University of Wisconsin, where she received a Bachelor of Arts. She moved to Canada in 1976, where she eventually took a job with McClelland and Stewart as  a senior editor and became their editorial director of fiction by 1987. During this time she worked with authors such as Margaret Atwood, Leonard Cohen, Rohinton Mistry, Michael Ondaatje, Jane Urquhart and Alice Munro, and in 2012 became the vice-president of McClelland and Stewart. At the time of her death Seligman was seen as one of Canada's top literary editors. In 2009 Seligman became the president of PEN Canada, a position she held until 2011.

Seligman died in Toronto on March 25, 2016 and was survived by partner James Polk, sister Margaret Seligman and her extended family.

Editing
Childhood, André Alexis
Alias Grace, Margaret Atwood
Dead Girls, Nancy Lee
The English Patient, Michael Ondaatje
The Underpainter, Jane Urquhart


Mycalesis nicotia

Mycalesis nicotia, the brighteye bushbrown, is a species of satyrine butterfly found in Asia.

Description
Wet-season form. Upperside Vandyke brown. Forewing with one very large, white-centred, fulvous-ringed median, and one, more rarely two, similar smaller subapical ocelli. Hindwing with one or two small similar ocelli. Forewings and hindwings with subterminal and terminal pale lines. Underside pale brown, much paler in female than in male; the basal area of the wings irrorated with transverse brown striae up to a common transverse inwardly sharply-defined discal white band; beyond this, a series of ocelli similar to the ocelli on the upperside, four on the front wing, the median ocellus being the largest, seven on the hindwing, the third from the tornus and the apical ocelli being the largest; terminal margins of wings slightly purpurescent, crossed by an inner and an outer subterminal and a terminal slender dark brown line, the subterminal lines being more or less zigzag and sinuous. Cilia of both forewing and hindwing pale. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen brown; antennas ochraceous at apex. Male sex-mark in form 2, the tuft of hair overlying the specialized scales on the upperside of the hindwing black.
Dry-season form. Similar. Differs in the ground colour of the underside having a more ochraceous tint, the ocelli much reduced in size  or obsolescent, and the inner of the two subterminal lines being more or less obscure and faintly.

Footnotes


Patriarch Sophronius II of Alexandria

Sophronius II and Patriarch Sophronius II redirect here. There was also a Sophronius II of Constantinople.

Sophronius II briefly served as Greek Patriarch of Alexandria in 941.


Tetrahydropapaveroline

Tetrahydropapaveroline (norlaudanosoline) is a benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid.

It can be formed in trace amounts in the brain by a condensation reaction of dopamine and dopaldehyde (a metabolite of dopamine).

It inhibits dopamine uptake within the cerebral cortex.


Alois Wiesböck

Alois Wiesböck born (1950), in Niederbergkirchen, is a former international Motorcycle speedway rider and was winner of the Individual Speedway Long Track World Championship in 1979.

World Final appearances

Individual World Championship
 1979 -  Chorzów, Silesian Stadium - 16th - 1pt

World Team Cup
 1982 -  London, White City Stadium (with Georg Hack / Karl Maier / Egon Müller / Georg Gilgenreiner) - 3rd - 18pts (0)

World Longtrack Championship
1974 -  Scheeßel (3rd) 21pts
1975 -  Mariánské Lázně (4th) 21pts
1977 -  Aalborg (6th) 18pts
1978 -  Mühldorf (2nd) 26pts
1979 -  Mariánské Lázně (Champion) 19pts
1980 -  Scheeßel (Disq+)
1981 -  Gornja Radgona (17th) 1pt
1982 -  Esbjerg (2nd) 22pts
1983 -  Mariánské Lázně (4th) 16pts
1986 -  Pfarrkirchen (17th) 0pts
1987 -  Mühldorf  (11th) 6 pts

+ disqualified after finishing third for having an oversize engine


Khok Sung, Nakhon Ratchasima

Khok Sung () is a subdistrict (tambon) and subdistrict municipality (thesaban tambon) in Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima District of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The municipality was upgraded from subdistrict administration organization (TAO) status on July 1, 2008. The TAO was created in 1996. It covers 30.46 km², and consists of 11 villages with 9,235 citizens.


Larissa Loukianenko

Larissa Loukianenko (Russian: Лариса Геннадьевна Лукьяненко,  Larisa Luk'yanenko; born 7 August 1973 in Krasnoyarsk, Soviet Union) was a Belarusian individual rhythmic gymnast.

Career
Loukianenko started rhythmic gymnastics in 1980 at age 7. She was coached by Galina Krylenko at Club Dynamo in Minsk.

Loukianenko emerged as a top class competitor at the 1992 World Championships in Brussels, Belgium. A broken ankle prevented her from competing in the 1993 World Championships and it took her nearly a year to recover. She made a comeback at the 1994 European Championships. She swept the 1993 Grand Prix Final winning the All-around and the event finals in hoop, ball, clubs and ribbon.

Loukianenko's best apparatus was rope; she became a three-time times World Champion on this apparatus.

She participated at the 1996 Olympic Games, and ranked 5th in the AA semi-finals and 7th in the AA finals. She retired at age 23 in 1996.

Loukianenko is currently a coach and judge for the Belarusian Gymnastics Federation. She and her former teammate, Tatiana Ogrizko, are currently coaching Melitina Staniouta.

External links

http://www.gymnasticsresults.com/o1996rh.html
http://larissarsg.tripod.com/


McGrew (surname)

McGrew is a surname, and may refer to:

 James McGrew (1813-1910), American politician, merchant, banker and hospital director
 John McGrew (circa 1910-1999), American animator, painter and musician
 Lance McGrew, American NASCAR crew chief
 Larry McGrew (1957-2004), retired American football linebacker
 Reggie McGrew (born 1976), American football defensive tackle
 Sam McGrew (born 1984), former American football linebacker


Bondage (album)

Bondage is Nana Kitade's third full-length album, and last release with Sony Music Japan. In its first week, it debuted at #85 selling 1,698 copies.

Track listing

Release and promotion
The album came in two editions, normal and limited edition. The first press for the normal edition came with the first "Nana Original Logo Sticker," and the limited edition came with a DVD containing all single PVs and live footage, "A German Story of Nana," of the time Nana spent in Germany. The live footage featured was the first live footage of Nana released on DVD in 3 years. The album was later released on May 22, 2009 in Germany by the label Spark & Shine, which had already released the previous album "Berry Berry Singles".

External links
 Nana Kitade Official Web Site


Ideología

Ideología is the second album by Nepal. In October 1995, they released their second album "Ideología" under "Metal Command Records” with the support of "Monsters of Rock" in a limited edition of 1000 copies. After that, they signed with NEMS Enterprises. They did some concerts at Buenos Aires to perform their new material. After the gig, the drummer, Dario Galvan, left the band and was replaced with Facundo Vega. They did two shows with Angra in September 1996.

Track listing
 "Escenio" - 01:11
 "Realidades" - 04:31
 "Ideología" - 06:22
 "Guerra Sucia" - 03:12
 "Paredes De Hierro" - 03:46
 "Enfriando Las Heridas" - 05:08
 "Golpea" - 02:37
 "Katmandú" - 02:38
 "Herederos Del Miedo" - 04:55
 "Predicando La Mentira" - 03:32


Lithuanian cuisine

Lithuanian cuisine features products suited to the cool and moist northern climate of Lithuania: barley, potatoes, rye, beets, greens, berries, and mushrooms are locally grown, and dairy products are one of its specialties. Various ways of pickling were used to preserve food for winter. Soups are extremely popular, and are widely regarded as the key to good health. Since it shares its climate and agricultural practices with Northern Europe, Lithuanian cuisine has much in common with its Baltic neighbors and, in general, northern countries.
Longlasting agricultural and foraging traditions along with variety of influences during the country's long, difficult and interesting history formed a Lithuanian cuisine.

German traditions have had an influence on Lithuanian cuisine, introducing pork and potato dishes, such as potato pudding (kugelis or kugel) and intestines stuffed with mashed potato (vėdarai), as well as the baroque tree cake known as Šakotis. Lithuanian noblemen usually hired French chefs - French cuisine influence came to Lithuania in this way. The most exotic influence is Eastern (Karaite) cuisine, and the dish kibinai which became popular in Lithuania. Lithuanians and other nations which lived in Grand Duchy of Lithuania also share some dishes and beverages. Lithuanian cuisine also influenced Polish and Ruthenian cuisines.

Despite the apparent richness of the cuisine, Lithuania has a very low prevalence of obesity. 8 Lithuanian restaurants are listed in White Guide Baltic Top 30.

History of Lithuanian cuisine
The earliest mentions of food and agriculture of the Baltic people (Aestii) and related customs comes from Tacitus circa 98 AD: "they cultivate grain and other crops with a perseverance unusual among the indolent Germans."

The 9th-century traveller Wulfstan attested usage of mead among West Balts: "There is a great deal of honey and fishing. The king and the most powerful men drink mare's milk, the poor men and the slaves drink mead. ... There is no ale brewed among the Este but there is plenty of mead."

In 14th century Lithuania almost all today known cereals and legume were grown, but rye being the most popular. In the hillfort of Maišiagala in the layer of 13-14 century about 20 sorts of various cereals and legume were found - winter and summer rye, wheat, barley, oat, proso, buckwheat, lentil, vetches, peas, broad beans.

In the Middle Ages, hunting was the main way to provide oneself with meat. It is known that Vytautas The Great before the Battle of Žalgiris organized a big hunting in the Baltvyžis forest and prepared barrels of salt-cured meat for the army. Game was also a staple of noblemen: wisents, aurochs, and deer were hunted. Lithuania had a long lasting wars (about 200 years) with Teutonic Order. It also kept diplomatic relationships with it, during which various presents were exchanged - it is known what Teutonic Order sent a rare wine to Anna, Grand Duchess of Lithuania, wife of Vytautas the Great, in 1416. At this time Lithuanian nobleman already imported saffron, cinnamon, rice, pepper, raisins for their needs.

The Congress of Lutsk, hosted by Vytautas the Great, was another example of medieval Lithuanian cuisine. Chronicles report that seven hundred barrels of honey, wine, 700 oxen, 1,400 sheep, hundreds of elk, wild boar, and other dishes were consumed daily.

Traditional Lithuanian hunting and landscape, still existing conflicts between paganism and Christianity was described by Nicolaus Hussovianus in his Latin poem Carmen de statura, feritate ac venatione bisontis (A Song about the Appearance, Savagery and Hunting of the Bison, 1523).

Many culinary innovations came from Italy with Bona Sforza, Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania. Bona Sforza introduced the fork and traditional Italian food - olives, olive oil; made wine and wheat flour more popular. Parsnips, cauliflowers, spinach and even artichokes were introduced and grown. It is assumed that Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania had their own kitchen garden.
Daughter of Bona Sforza, Catherine Jagiellon after marying John III of Sweden introduced the fork and other cultural habits to Sweden.
In XVI rulers and nobleman of Lithuania consumed grapes, oranges, melons, raspberries, strawberries, cherries, and plums.

In the sale contract made in 1623 by Elisabeth Sophie von Brandenburg, wife of Jonušas Radvila and Jonušas Kiška, she sold a garden in Vilnius. The text of the treaty has very detailed mentionings of the garden plants such as grafted apple trees, pears, plums (prunus domestica), cherries, wild cherries, vitis, hawthorns, dog roses. A garden for Italian vegetables (as they called back then) is also very detailed. That is potatoes, artichokes, asparagus, lamb's lettuce, rucola, garden cress, spinatch, melones, beets, rushes, French parsley, Italian onions, lettuce, chicory. And spices and decorative shrubs: anise, peppermints, estragon, dill, true indigo and junipers. Wooden orangerie is also mentioned which was used to grow fig-trees and common walnuts.

The growing of potatoes in Lithuania is known from the 17th century, but it became more widespread only in the 18th century.

Archeological finds at the place of the Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania revealed a lot of information about the food eaten, cutlery and serving of the rulers of Lithuania.

First explorer of the Lithuanian flora, botanist  described spicery growing in Lithuania.

During the past years, restaurants in Lithuania emerged which specialize in historic Lithuanian cuisine, culinary heritage and its interpretations.

Bread

One of the oldest and most fundamental Lithuanian food products was and is rye bread. Rye bread is eaten every day for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Bread played an important role in family rituals and agrarian ceremonies.
Traditionally, the centerpiece of Lithuanian cuisine is dark rye bread (ruginė duona) which is used more often than light wheat breads. The archeological finds reveal that bread in the 9th - 14th centuries in Lithuania was very similar to the current rye bread. The dough is usually based on a sourdough starter, and includes some wheat flour to lighten the finished product. Traditionally each home had its own sourdough yeast - raugas, which also had symbolical meaning of the home.  Rye bread is often eaten as an open-faced sandwich, buttered or spread with cheese. It is sometimes flavored with caraway, or with some onion. Traditional bread is baked on sweet flag leaves. Lithuanian proverb says - Be aukso apsieis, be duonos ne (One can manage without gold, but not without bread).

Some varieties of Lithuanian bread contain whole seeds of rye and wheat; this type of bread is referred to as grūdėtoji, i.e. "seeded" bread.

Vegetables and spices

The most commonly used vegetable in Lithuanian recipes is the potato; in its simplest forms, it is boiled, baked, or sauteed, often garnished with dill, but a tremendous variety of potato recipes exist. Potatoes were introduced into Lithuania in the late 18th century, were found to prosper in its climate, and soon became indispensable.

Cucumbers, dill pickles, radishes and greens are quite popular. Beets (burokai) are grown more widely than in other areas of the world, and are often used for making borscht and side dishes. Cabbage is another popular vegetable, used as a basis for soups, or wrapped around fillings (balandėliai). Tomatoes are now available year-round in stores, but those home-grown in family greenhouses are still considered superior.

Lithuanian herbs and seasonings include mustard seed, horseradish (krienai), dill (krapai), caraway seed (kmynai), garlic, bay leaf, juniper berries (kadagio uogos), and fruit essences. Vanilla and pepper were scarce during the Soviet occupation, but were welcomed back after independence. The cuisine is relatively mild.

Pickling is a popular way to prepare vegetables for winter or just to give them particular flavour. Cucumbers, beets, dills, home grown tomatoes, onions, garlics are pickled and available all year round.

Foraging: berries and mushrooms, edible wild plants

One of the prides of Lithuanian cuisine is its wide use of wild berries and mushrooms and this foraging tradition is pretty much alive to this day.

Mushrooming is a popular pastime from mid-summer to autumn. As a staple, mushrooms are usually harvested in the forest; occasionally they are purchased at roadside markets, especially on the road in the Dzūkija region from Druskininkai to Vilnius; the purchasing of mushrooms in shops is rare. Despite its status as a delicacy, mushrooms are thought of by many Lithuanians as hard to digest. Dried mushrooms being used as a seasoning. A number of mushroom species are harvested from the wild, including:
 Baravykas – king bolete;
 Voveraitė (literally, little squirrel), lepeška (in Dzūkija region) – chanterelle;
 Gudukas, vokietukas, kalpokas, vištelė – gypsy mushroom.

Baravykas is the most valued and sought-after species; the primary usages are drying and marinating. Dried baravykas has a strong pleasant scent and is used as seasoning in soups and sauces. Voveraitė is often used fresh as a seasoning in soups or sauteed. Most common dish of this mushroom is voveraitė sauteed with chopped bulb onions and potatoes. Gudukas, arguably the most locally abundant of edible mushrooms due to its lower popularity, is usually marinated. Other edible mushrooms, such as lepšė (Leccinum scabrum), raudonviršis or raudonikis (literally, "red-topped") (Leccinum aurantiacum), makavykas (Suillus variegatus), šilbaravykis (Xerocomus badius), are more rare, but are also gathered and may be used in the same ways as baravykas.

Wild berries are also gathered or, even more frequently than mushrooms, purchased at roadside markets or shops. Bilberries (mėlynės) and lingonberries (bruknės) are the two most abundant species of wild berries. Cranberries (spanguolės) are valued, but their cultivation is limited to certain boggy areas, such as those adjacent to Čepkeliai Marsh. Sour cranberry or lingonberry jam and sweet bilberry jam are all considered excellent sauces for pancakes (blynai). Lingonberry jam is occasionally used as a dressing for fried chicken or turkey or as a sauce for other savory dishes. Fresh bilberries may be put into a cold milk soup. Wild strawberries (žemuogės) are relatively scarce and are usually gathered for immediate consumption.

Fruit
Apples, plums, and pears, which grow well in Lithuania, are the most commonly used fruit. Because they cannot tolerate frost, tropical fruit such as citrus, bananas and pineapples must be imported, and hence were used less often in the past; however, these fruits are now becoming more typical and are widely consumed. During the autumn harvest, fruit is often simmered and spiced to create fruit stews (kompots). Gooseberries (agrastai) and currants (serbentai) are widely cultivated; they are sweetened, made into jams and baked goods, and provide a piquant touch to desserts. Small local producers make fine fruit wines from raspberries, and especially blackcurrants; apple icewine is also produced. Apple cheese which is considered a desert is very popular in autumn. Oldest apple cheese recipe in Lithuania was found in the  book of Radvila family chef from the 17th century.

Meat

The most frequently used meat is pork, followed by beef, lamb, chicken, turkey, and duck; for immediate consumption it is often grilled, or dusted with breadcrumbs and sauteed, in a dish similar to schnitzel. For bigger gatherings, oven roasts are prepared. The need for meat preservation no longer presents the urgency that it did during the Soviet occupation or previous times of trouble, but many favorite techniques survive, include brining, salting, drying, and smoking. There are many varieties of smoked pork, including ham and a soft sausage with a large-grained filling; these are served as a main course or thinly sliced in sandwiches. Skilandis is a popular Lithuanian sausage added to the list of EU's Protected Designations of Origin. The art of meat smoking has long traditions in Lithuania - the right choice of woods, heat or distance from fire required a mastery. Skilandis was smoked in a special room - kaminas which was used for cooking.

Fish

Freshwater fish with exception of herring was the most popular fish in Lithuania. Fish, such as pike, zander or perch, are often baked whole or stuffed. Herring is marinated, baked, fried, or served in aspic. Since the 19th century, herring was imported to Lithuania from Norway, Stavanger. Salmon is also a popular dish often served with a cream sauce, vegetables, and rice. Before building dams after Soviet occupation, salmon was quite abundant fish in Lithuanian rivers.

Smoked fish such as eel or bream are popular entrees and appetizers in areas near the Baltic Sea, especially in Neringa.

Crayfish are also popular and are usually eaten in the summertime as delicacy and a side dish served with beer.

Dairy products

Lithuania is known for quality dairy products. Dairy products play an important role in Lithuanian cuisine; curd cheese (similar to cottage cheese) may be sweet, sour, seasoned with caraway, fresh, or cured until semi-soft. Lithuanian butters and cream are unusually rich. Sour cream is so prominent in Lithuanian cuisine, that it is eaten with everything - meat, fish, pancakes, soups, desserts, salads and so on. Lithuanian curd snacks called sūreliai are popular too. Also, a big variety of different soured milk products are available in the supermarkets, though many people still prefer making their own soured milk.

Cheese

Traditional Lithuanian curd cheese has a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) label. The most popular way of eating Lithuanian non-fermented white cheese is with fresh honey; it can also be cooked with spices and enjoyed with tea. Food historians estimate that the curd cheese was known for 4-6 thousands of years.
Lithuanians started fermenting hard cheese around the 16th century in the region of Samogitia. Across Samogitian borders, this cheese was known as Lithuanian cheese.
Historically there were not much cheese sorts in Lithuania, due to low levels of lactose intolerance. Milk products were usually consumed fresh, or slightly fermented.
Semi-hard cheese Liliputas in 2015 was included in EU Protected Designation of Origin and Protected Geographical Indication product lists. Hard cheese Džiugas ripens for at least 12 months, is popular among gourmet and being used as dish flavour. Džiugas in 2019 included in the EU Protected Designation of Origin list. In the interwar period Šėta was famous for its cheese, which was made in sūrinė (cheese house).

Random list of dishes

Bulvinių kukulių sriuba - minced potatoes formed into small balls, and boiled in milk. These are usually made from the same potato mixture used in cepelinai.
Cabbage soup flavored with carrots, ham, onions, sauerkraut or all of these and boiled with lard.
Cucumber soup - broth is pureed with cucumbers and sweet or sour cream, often garnished with dill.
Juka - blood soup from the southern region of Lithuania.
Lapienė - greens such as sorrel or spinach are braised and added to a creamy broth.
Sauerkraut soup - often seasoned with pork, carrots, onions, and bay leaves.
Barščiai - hot borscht (beet soup); it is served uncreamed or blended with sour cream or buttermilk; sometimes chopped Boletus mushrooms are added.
Šaltibarščiai - cold summer soup based on beets and milk kefir or sour milk, colored a shocking pink. It is made with cooked or pickled shredded beets and various other chopped vegetables, such as cucumber, dill, or green onions. Hot boiled potatoes, cold sour cream, and diced hard-boiled eggs are often served alongside to add color, texture, and thermal contrast. Older traditional version of šaltibarščiai was simply white without beets.
Vištienos sultinys - chicken broth is always popular, especially for the elderly and ill.
Kepta duona (garlic bread) - black bread fried in oil and rubbed with garlic, often served with beer or an alcoholic beverage of some sort. Is a distant cousin of French pain à l'ail.
Įdaryti kiaušiniai - Hard-boiled eggs are split, stuffed and garnished; similar to deviled eggs.
Įdaryti pomidorai - Tomatoes are cut in half and filled with a savory stuffing.
Piršteliai prie alaus - These "little fingers" are thin, rolled-up puff pastries served with beer.
Lašiniai (lard) - (smoked non-rendered pork underskin fat with small layer of meat of or without it) is a popular appetizer in villages where it is produced locally, and is usually consumed in the form of a sandwich with unbuttered dark rye bread and bulb onions, horseradish or other vegetables and condiments. Spirgai (cracklings) are made from lard for various sauces similar to gravy. One can find various types of lašiniai in every butcher shop or shop mall in Lithuania.
Maltiniai or Frikadėlės (Frikadeller) - soft minced meat and onion patties, often served with potatoes, sliced cucumber, dill pickle and/or grated beats and a sauce.
Manų Putra/Košė - Semolina wheat porridge/pudding topped with butter, cinnamon, sugar and/or berries. It is common as a breakfast dish or as a dessert.
Šaltiena or košeliena (aspic or meat jelly)  - many savory foodstuffs are presented in gelatin molds; horseradish is often served as a condiment.
Blynai or Lietiniai, Sklindžiai - although blynai is often translated as pancakes, they are usually more similar to crepes. They are either wafer-thin, as crepes are, or made from a yeast-risen batter, often mixed with grated apple or potato.
Kėdainių blynai - grated raw potato pancakes, similar to latkes.
Žemaičių blynai - similar to Kėdainių blynai, made from boiled potatoes and filled with chopped cooked meat
Lietiniai - large, usually square thin crepes filled with minced meat, curd with cinnamon, or minced sauteed mushrooms.
Buckwheat pancakes - traditional dish in Dzūkija
Balandėliai (little doves) - cabbage leaves stuffed with meat and braised.
Dešra - sausages are made in many different ways: they may be smoked or fresh, and include pork, beef, potatoes, or barley; in rural areas, blood may be added.
Didžkukuliai or Cepelinai (zeppelins) - potato dumplings stuffed with meat, mushrooms, or cheese, often garnished with spirgai, fried minced onion and bacon or sour cream.

Kastinys - sour cream "butter"; sour cream is kneaded and washed until it forms a soft spread. A traditional dish in Samogitia.

Kibinai - pastry with mutton and onions, a Karaite dish.
Kukuliai - Potato dumplings similar to gnocchi.Koldūnai, Virtiniai, Auselės - these are various kinds of dumplings, filled with minced meat, sausage, cottage cheese, or mushrooms, usually garnished with crumbled fried bacon. They are similar to Polish pierogi or kołduny, but are usually smaller.Kugelis (also bulvių plokštainis, the lexically correct non-foreign name, literally "flat potato dish" or banda - this usage predominates in the Dzūkija region) - potato pudding made with grated potatoes and eggs. It is usually served with sour cream or spirgai. Also served with diced bacon and diced onion cooked in the bacon fat.Šaltnosiukai (cold little noses) - dumplings filled with lingonberries, not found anywhere outside Lithuania.Skilandis or Kindziukas - pig stomach stuffed with meat and garlic and cold-smoked.Suktiniai - (beef birds) - beef or pork is pounded until very thin, filled and rolled up, and braised. An example of this is zrazai, which are Lithuanian beef rolls. See image at right.Švilpikai - an oven-baked potato snaps.Šiupinys (Hodge-Podge) - a stew made from variety of ingredients - peas, beans, potatoes, meat, rye flour. Various different combinations are preferred in different regions of Lithuania. Troškinti rauginti kopūstai - a stew made with sauerkraut and the cook's choice of meats and vegetables.Vėdarai - large intestine of a domestic pig stuffed with grated potato mash.

Desserts

Lithuanian-style cakes (pyragas) are often baked in a rectangular pan and sometimes have apple, plum, apricot, or other fruit baked in; they are less frequently iced than is customary in the United States. These cakes are cut into squares for serving. Poppy seed is sometimes used as a swirl filling in dessert bread (Poppy seed roll and šimtalapis) and as a flavoring in other pastries.

For special occasions, torte may be prepared; they often consist of 10 to 20 layers, filled with jam and vanilla, chocolate, mocha, or rum buttercreams; they are lavishly decorated. Lithuanian coffeehouses (kavinė) serve a variety of tortes and pastries to attract evening strollers.

Desserts include:Žagarėliai (also known as krustai or chrustai) - Twisted, thin deep-fried pastries dusted with powdered sugar; identical to Scandinavian Klejner cookies, similar to Mexican buñuelo.Kūčiukai or šližikai - very small rolls are baked and served with poppyseed milk; this is a traditional Kūčios' (Christmas Eve) dish.Ledai - ice cream is served everywhere in the summer.Spurgos - a Lithuanian variant of doughnuts, sometimes filled with preserves. Main difference from doughnuts or berliners is that the Lithuanian version uses curd as a basis. Therefore, they often called varškės spurgos - curd doughnuts.Šakotis (also called raguotis) - is essentially a pound cake grilled layer by layer, with a very distinctive branching form. It is a Lithuanian variant of a spit cake which is a distant cousin of the German Baumkuchen, the French gâteau à la broche, the Swedish spättekaka. Some sources attribute its invention to Yotvingians - ancient, now extinct Baltic tribe. Šakotis is a frequent accent of Lithuanian weddings and bigger festivities.Šimtalapis (one hundred sheets) - introduced to Lithuania with Tatars brought by Vytautas the Great and modified locally, is made from laminated dough which is separated with layer of melted butter - the principle is very similar to that of croissant.Tinginys - prepared with biscuits or crackers, cocoa, butter, sugar and solidified milkSkruzdėlynas (anthill) - consists of individual pastries stacked on top of one another, sprinkled with poppy seeds and glazed with honey and nuts.

Special occasions

Easter - The intricately painted Easter eggs that were prepared earlier in the week are eaten for breakfast. The diners touch their eggs together as a sort of toast (among the children, this custom sometimes devolves into a smashing contest). Dinner may be roast goose or ham and accompaniments. Dessert is often a cake made to resemble a birch log, or cookies shaped and decorated as mushrooms.
Birthdays - The family's favorite cake is served. Traditionally in Lithuania the day of the saint after whom one was named was celebrated by the family as well as one's own birth date; for instance, a John would celebrate his name day on St. John's Day (Joninės), June 23.
Christmas Eve (Kūčios) - Twelve dishes are presented on a table spread with hay and lit by candles. No animal products, including dairy products or eggs, can be consumed as part of this meal. However, fish is permitted and regularly forms part of the meal. This custom is widespread in Catholic Eastern Europe, but traditions vary to different families. It is supposed that rituals and servicing of the Christmas Eve table reflects the most ancient Lithuanian traditions.
Weddings - The widest possible variety of courses are served. A special bread is sometimes baked and adorned with flowers and bird-shaped decorations, or a šakotis is decorated. The ideal Lithuanian wedding lasts at least two days, so a great deal of cooking and baking goes on.
Funerals - The bereaved family usually hosts a dinner for all the mourners at a restaurant or other similar venue.
Informal gatherings and cocktail parties - The hosts often serve small open-face sandwiches, similar to those at a Scandinavian smorgasbord, topped with smoked fish, sausage, cucumbers, and so forth. Flavored vodkas, which may have been concocted with fruits and herbs according to the host's or hostess's own family recipe, may be served.

Drinks

BeerAlus (beer) is extremely popular throughout the country, especially again since the restoration of the Independence in 1990. Several Lithuanian beers have won international awards. Local breweries are enjoying a renaissance. Beer is the most common alcoholic beverage. Lithuania has a long farmhouse beer tradition, first mentioned in 11th-century chronicles. Beer was brewed for ancient Baltic festivities and rituals. Ancient Lithuanian god for brewing beer and mead was Ragutis or Rūgutis. Lithuania is not very well known for its beer worldwide, but it is one of the few countries in Europe to have an independent beer tradition in which breweries do not simply brew beers in styles developed elsewhere. Traditional farmhouse brewing has survived into the present day in Lithuania, and during Soviet times such brewing started to be expanded to a larger scale. After independence, this process gathered speed and soon there were more than 200 breweries in the country. Many of these have since gone out of business, but Lithuania still has about 80 breweries, of which perhaps 60-70 produce beers in styles unknown in the rest of the world. Some of these are very close to the traditional brews made by farmers, while others have developed out of that tradition as a consequence of the growth of the traditional brewers into reasonably large regional breweries.

Farmhouse brewing survived to a greater extent in Lithuania than anywhere else, and through accidents of history the Lithuanians then developed a commercial brewing culture from their unique farmhouse traditions. Lithuania is top 5 by consumption of beer per capita in Europe in 2015, counting 75 active breweries, 32 of them are microbreweries.

The microbrewery scene in Lithuania has been growing in later years, with a number of bars focusing on these beers popping up in Vilnius and also in other parts of the country. Local beers have started to attract international attention after beer bloggers discovered the country, inspiring a major feature article in Beer Connoisseur magazine, prompting the New York Times to list Lithuania as one of the 42 places to visit in 2013 on the strength of the village beers. Beer routes are organized through the main breweries in northern Lithuania.

MidusMidus is said to be the most ancient Lithuanian alcoholic beverage; it is a variety of mead made from honey. Balts were making midus for thousands of years. One of the first mentionings of Balts and mead was by the 9th-century traveller Wulfstan of Hedeby, who visited Prussians.  Old Lithuanian mead was made from a solution of honey and water simmered with various spices, such as thyme, lemon, cinnamon, cherries, linden blossoms, juniper berries, and hops.
Oldest recipe of Lithuanian midus was recorded in a book by Olaus Magnus Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus, published in Rome in 1555.  Midus was considered a drink of nobleman and gentry. Since 16th century midus started to compete with imported vine, but it was known and was still very popular in Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania.   Today Midus is produced by several companies and is to be found in majority of liquor shops. Craft mead producing is also becoming popular. Traditional Lithuanian midus Stakliškės, fermented up to 90 days has a Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) label.

Fruit and berry wines

Fruit and berry wines being made in Lithuania by several companies. Industrial production of fruit and berry wines was started by Balys Karazija in 1926 in Anykščiai. His wines have won international awards in 1938. Initiatives of B.Karazija made a fruit wine a traditional drink in Lithuania. Currently blueberry, apple, apple ice wine, black currant, aronia, cherry wines being produced by smaller and bigger companies.

OtherArbata (tea) - chamomile, rosehip, thyme and other herbal teas are popular as well as black tea. Many herbal infusions are used for medicinal purposes.Gira (kvass) is a non alcoholic beverage made by the natural fermentation of wheat, rye, or barley bread, sometimes flavoured with fruit, berries, raisins or birch sap; it is similar to Russian or Ukrainian kvass. Those brewed from rye bread and from caraway seed are popular and distributed in glass bottles. There is also a carbonated soft drink known as gira, which is distributed in plastic bottles, but it shares neither taste nor production technology with the original beverage.Degtinė ("the burn") is the Lithuanian version of vodka, traditionally made from rye. Produced domestically, its quality ranges from basic to triple-distilled.Kava (coffee) is brewed in espresso makers at home, or with espresso machines in cafes. It is quite strong, and usually sweetened. Coffeehouses (kavinė) can be found not only on every street corner in towns but at highway rest stops and at every point of interest. First  Traditionally Lithuanians roasted oak acorns and made gilių kava (acorn coffee) - a substitute for natural bean coffee. The first coffeehouses appeared in Lithuania in the 18th century  and in 1814 there were 49 coffeehouses in Vilnius. Journalist Rapolas Mackonis was explorer of cafe life and wrote about culture of cafes in Vilnius and Kaunas. Starka, an aged vodka, as well as Krupnikas, a honey liqueur, are traditional drinks dating from the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th - 18th centuries.Trauktinė (a bitter) is a strong herbal vodka; there are many varieties. It is also used as a traditional medicine. Trejos devynerios ("999"), steeped with 27 different herbs, is one of the best known.
 Vynas (wine) culture is firmly growing in Lithuania - wineries and specialised wine shops for Italian, French, New World wines operate in biggest cities. The wine exhibition Vyno dienos (Days of Wine) taking place in May, is the largest wine exhibition in Northern Europe. Lithuania historically is a wine importer, since its climate isn't very friendly for growing grapevines.

Contemporary cuisine and restaurants

Currently Lithuania is affected by modern cuisine trends - fusion, new Nordic, craft beer, craft food. Restaurant culture is most advanced in bigger cities - Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda. Yearly 30 best Lithuanian restaurants being selected by Gero maisto akademija (Good Food Academy). Research, reconstruction and revival of Lithuanian and Baltic cuisine being made.


Bob Kroll

Robert Lee Kroll (born June 9, 1950) is a former American football defensive back in the National Football League who played for the Green Bay Packers.  Kroll played college football at Northern Michigan University and played professionally for one season, in 1972.

While playing football at Northern Michigan University in 1971, Kroll tied the NCAA single season Division 1 interception record of 13  and was named an All-American. He now resides in Florida.


Riddim Driven: Giddeon War

Riddim Driven: Giddeon War is the fourteenth installment in VP Records' Riddim Driven series. It was released in September 2001 on CD and LP. The album features various artists recorded over the "Giddeon War" riddim, produced by Buju Banton's Gargamel Music Productions.

Track listing
"Let Love This Time" - Jahmali
"In The Way" - Vylmark
"Give It All You Got" - Mark 10
"Sinful Life" - Sweet C
"Police/Rude Boy" - Buju Banton
"Lock the Guns" - Galaxy P
"Deliver Me" - Christini
"Tricks In Trade" - Determine
"Armagedeon War" - Lutan Fyah
"Reggae Child" - Anthony John
"Judgement Morning" - Buju Banton
"Thanks and Praise" - Spectacular
"Revolution Time" - Buju Banton, Luciano
"Perfect Picture" - Anthony Cruz, Kiddie Famous
"Lion Paw" - Yasus Afari
"Giddeon War Version"


Ngulugulu

Ngulugulu is an administrative ward in Ileje District, Songwe Region, Tanzania. According to the 2002 census, the ward has a total population of 5,346.


Shaun Smith (Australian rules footballer)

Shaun Smith (born 22 June 1969) is a former Australian rules footballer in the VFL/AFL.

Originally from the Ainslie Football Club in the Australian Capital Territory, but recruited from Werribee and debuting in the Australian Football League in 1987, Smith is best known for his incredible leap and ability to take spectacular marks or speckies.

His high leaping play enabled him to hold down a key position whilst being only 184 cm and is sometimes compared to Russell Robertson.

Smith debuted with the North Melbourne Football Club in 1987 and was delisted due to a string of injuries at the end of 1992 after 47 games and 38 goals.

He played for Werribee in 1994, and had a dominant season there. He was one of the Association's leading goalkickers for the season, finished third in the J. J. Liston Trophy count, and continued his reputation for taking high marks. He was consequently recruited back to the AFL by  for the 1995 season.

By far Smith's most successful and consistent season was at the Melbourne Football Club in 1995.

His 1995 Mark of the Year, a chest mark over teammate Garry Lyon in the goalsquare against the Brisbane Bears at the Gabba, was named the Mark of the Century, superseding Gary Ablett Sr's famous, though controversial mark a year earlier.  In the same year, he managed an AFL career best 51 goals.

Injury plagued the rest of his career at the Demons until he was finally delisted in 1998, finishing his career at the Werribee Football Club in 2004.

Shaun's son Joel was signed by the Demons for the 2016 season as a Category B rookie


Giampiero Moretti

Gianpiero Moretti (20 March 1940 – 14 January 2012) was an Italian racing driver and the founder of the MOMO company in the 1960s. He was born in Milan.

Moretti won the 24 Hours of Daytona, in 1998, driving a Ferrari 333SP with co-drivers Mauro Baldi, Arie Luyendyk and Didier Theys. Moretti died on 14 January 2012 in Milan of cancer.  He was 71.


Fiona Scott

Fiona Meryl Scott (born 1 March 1977) is an Australian politician. She was a Liberal member of the Australian House of Representatives, representing the Division of Lindsay in New South Wales from the 2013 election until the 2016 election.

Early life and education
Scott was born in Sydney, and was educated at Kindalin Christian School and in her senior years at St Paul's Grammar School before studying at the University of Western Sydney, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Business. She also holds a Master of Business Administration from the Australian Graduate School of Management (AGSM).

Career

Pre-political career

From 1997 to 1999, Scott worked in London for the International Maritime Satellite Organization (INMARSAT). She later worked as a marketing manager for the Westfield Group of companies, managing the post-acquisition, development and re-branding of Westfield Penrith. She also successfully ran her own marketing consultancy business working with both small, medium and large organisations.

Political career
Scott contested the seat of Lindsay for the first time at the 2010 federal election receiving a 5.16-point swing towards her. She contested the seat again at the 2013 federal election and won it with a two-party-preferred swing of 4.11%. Scott suffered a 4.10% swing against her at the 2016 federal election and was defeated by Emma Husar.

Post-politics
In January 2017 Scott commenced providing political commentary on Sky News Australia featuring on PM Agenda later Speers and Paul Murray Live.


Martin Schenkel

Martin Schenkel (25 April 1968 – 27 March 2003) was a Swiss television actor and musician starring usually in Swiss German television productions.

Biography
Martin Schenkel was born in Basel and after high school attended the University of the Arts Bern in Bern to study drama. He then moved to Germany for an engagement at the State Theater, Karlsruhe. His most popular role is the character of Flip in the Swiss comedy serial Fascht e Familie in the 1990s, where he had to break for reasons of health. Thenafter, Martin Schenkel was involved Lüthi und Blanc from 1999 to 2003 and contributed its theme "Whenever". He also became successful as a pop musician. Martin Schenkel died on 27 March 2003 in Zermatt after a brief illness.

Filmography (excerpt)
 2002: Big Deal
 1994–1996: Fascht e Familie (47 episodes)
 1999–2003: Lüthi und Blanc (140 episodes)
 1994: Unconditional Love (The Art of Passion)


Selva (actor)

Selva is an Indian film actor who has worked on Tamil-language films in leading and supporting roles. After appearing in several films as a lead actor in the 1990s, he made a comeback in two films directed by Mysskin in the 2010s.

Family and early life
Selva was born in Lakshmipuram, Theni district of Tamil Nadu in a Tamil family to D. C Varadharajan, a retired Police Officer and Andal. His brother Rajasekhar, is also a leading actor who has appeared in Telugu language films. Selva grew up in Annanagar and attended Madras Christian College in Chetput.

Career
In 1991, Selva made his acting debut in the village drama Aatha Un Koyilile co-starring with Kasthuri and directed by Kasthuri Raja. The film completed a 100-day run at the box-office. He then acted in R. Umashankar's Thambi Oorukku Pudhusa. In 1992, he appeared in Manobala's Senbaga Thottam and in Kizhakku Veedhi. In 1993, he appeared in the double hero subject Maamiyar Veedu starring Saravanan, in Rakkayi Koyil and in his first city-based film Madurai Meenakshi. In the beginning of 1994, he acted in the village drama Sakthivel co-starring with Kanaka, the film was directed by K. S. Ravikumar and produced by AVM Productions. In mid-1994, he played the role of a student in the Telugu film Gangmaster, in which his brother Rajasekhar played the lead role. Then, he played the role of an angry young man in the village drama Maindhan; the critic Malini Mannath of The New Indian Express said: "Selva has acquitted himself quite well". In late 1994, he acted in Gangai Amaran's Atha Maga Rathiname. In 1995, he teamed up for the second with director R. Umashankar in Mannai Thottu Kumbidanum. In 1996, he acted as a folk dancer in the successful Nattupura Pattu, directed by Kasthuri Raja. He then appeared in Puthiya Parasakthi, co-starring Sukanya and Napoleon. In 1997, he acted in Rama Narayanan's Nattupura Nayagan. In 1998, he directed and acted in the comedy entertainer Golmaal. The film was declared as a below average venture at the box office and it became his final project before leaving the film industry. He then accepted to act in Bala's debut film Sethu, but he was then replaced by Vikram.

After being away from the industry for 14 years, he worked as a dialogue writer for the Tamil dubbed versions of the Telugu films of his brother Rajasekhar. Director Mysskin called him to appear in a negative role in the crime thriller Yuddham Sei (2011), which marked his comeback. Mysskin then signed him on to work on his next film, the superhero film Mugamoodi (2012), portraying a Kung Fu master to Jiiva's character. In order to get ready for the film, he practised Kung Fu for six months under the supervision of the Mansuria Kung Fu teacher R. Shekhar, and read books on the martial art. The film, however, opened to negative reviews and became a box office disaster.

Filmography


2009 Democratic Republic of the Congo gubernatorial elections

Gubernatorial elections in the Democratic Republic of the Congo were scheduled to be held in 2009, either before or after the creation of fifteen new provinces in February that year. There were delays in creating the new provinces, and the elections were cancelled.

Congo, Democratic Republic of the gubernatorial elections, 2009
Gubernatorial elections
2009


Blastobasis sciota

Blastobasis sciota is a moth in the family Blastobasidae. It was described by John David Bradley in 1961 and  is found on Guadalcanal.


Without Some Help. Net Edition

Without Some Help is a 2006 Internet download release by Alpha, which was available only through their website; a 12 track edition of the LP was available in mainstream music shops. Primarily comprising songs by other artists, which were remixed by Alpha, it also features collaborations between Alpha and four guest vocalists; Horace Andy, James Roberts, Kelvin Swaby from 'The Heavy', and long-term Alpha vocalist, Wendy Stubbs, who joined the band on a full-time basis shortly after this release.  The download only version differs from the general release by the exclusion of "Yellow" by Coldplay, "Inertia Creeps" by Massive Attack, "Jack" by Edition (all remixed by Alpha) and the inclusion of an original Alpha track, "Ariel."

Track listing
 "Wot Da Funk" - Receiver (Alpha Remix) - 3:45
 "The Way You Are" - The Heavy featuring Kelvin Swaby and Alpha - 3:18
 "Hope Goes Blind" - James Roberts and Alpha - 3:05
 "Bowl Me Over" - Acid Casuals (Alpha Remix) - 3:15
 "Two Fazed People" - Horace Andy (Alpha Remix) - 4:46
 "Jack" - Edition (Alpha Remix) - 3:26
 "Song to the Siren" - Wendy Stubbs and Alpha - 5:00
 "LE:465" - Blueneck (Alpha Remix) - 4:26
 "Ariel" - Alpha - 4:28
 "Make My Day" - Horace Andy and Alpha - 4:48
 "Yeah, so" - James Roberts and Alpha - 3:53


Propylpyrazoletriol

Propylpyrazoletriol (PPT) is a synthetic, nonsteroidal agonist of ERα with 400-fold selectivity over ERβ that is used widely in scientific research to study the function of ERα. Though originally thought to be highly selective for ERα, PPT has subsequently been found to also act as an agonist of the GPER (GPR30).


See-Ward House

See-Ward House, also known as The Old Brick House, is a historic home located near Mill Creek, Randolph County, West Virginia.  It is a two-story, brick I house with a gable roof in the Federal style. The house dates to 1801. Also on the property are a contributing shed, well, and barn site.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.


Billy Milton

Billy Milton (1905–1989) was a British stage, film and television actor. Born in Paddington, Middlesex, as William Thomas Milton, he was the son of Harry Harman Milton (1880-1942), a commission agent, and his wife Hilda Eugenie Milton, née Jackson, (1878-1935).

Partial filmography

The Flag Lieutenant (1927) - (uncredited)
Young Woodley (1931) - Vining
The Man from Chicago (1931) - Barry Larwood
The Great Gay Road (1931) - Rodney
The Dressmaker of Luneville (1932)
Three Men in a Boat (1933) - Jimmy
Aunt Sally (1933) - Billy
Music Hath Charms (1935) - Jack Lawton
King of the Castle (1936) - Monty King
Once in a Million (1936) - Prince
Someone at the Door (1936) - Ronnie Martin
A Star Fell from Heaven (1936) - Douglas Lincoln
No Escape (1936) - Billy West
Aren't Men Beasts! (1937) - Roger Holly
The Dominant Sex (1937) - Alec Winstone
Spring Handicap (1937) - Len Redpath
Saturday Night Revue (1937) - Jimmy Hanson
The Last Chance (1937) - Michael Worrall
Oh Boy! (1938) - Conductor
Yes, Madam? (1939) - Tony Tolliver
The Key Man (1957) - French Waiter
The Small World of Sammy Lee (1963) - Store Manager
Heavens Above! (1963) - Fellowes (uncredited)
The Set Up (1963) - Simpson
Who Was Maddox? (1964) - Chandler
Devils of Darkness (1965) - Librarian
Monster of Terror (1965) - Henry
Licensed to Kill (1965) - Wilson
Mrs. Brown, You've Got a Lovely Daughter (1968) - Landlord
Hot Millions (1968) - Agent (uncredited)
Sweet William (1980) - Old Actor in play


Mercedes-Benz Classic Center

The Mercedes-Benz Classic Center is part of Mercedes-Benz for restoring and preserving old Mercedes models. It was first opened on May 18, 1993, in Fellbach, Germany, outside Stuttgart. A second location was opened in June 2006 in Irvine, California.

Overview

The Classic Center provides genuine parts, repairs, restorations, and information for and sales of historic Mercedes-Benz vehicles that are at least 15 years out of production.  It helps Classic Mercedes-Benz car owners to obtain information and documentation on their vehicle (upon proof of ownership) and also offers consulting and technical appraisals for their vehicles. The Classic Center in Fellbach also maintains the Mercedes-Benz Museum fleet of historic vehicles.

Both Classic Center locations often display automobiles from their collections at concours, historic racing, and other special events. The Irvine, California, location also supplies classic cars for use in Mercedes-Benz television commercials.


Stealing Heaven

Stealing Heaven is a 1988 film directed by Clive Donner and starring Derek de Lint, Kim Thomson and Denholm Elliott. It is a costume drama based on the French 12th century medieval romance (a true story) of Peter Abelard and Héloïse and on a historical novel by Marion Meade. This was Donner's final theatrical film, before his death on 7 September 2010.

Plot
Peter Abelard is a famous teacher of philosophy at the cathedral school of Notre Dame, and a champion of reason. At a time when academics are required to observe chastity, he falls in love with one of his students, Héloïse d'Argenteuil, a sixteen-year-old gentlewoman raised in a convent, who has both intellectual curiosity and a rebellious view of the low status of women in 12th century Europe.

When the relationship is suspected, Heloise's uncle Fulbert, who had other plans for her marriage, works with the bishop of Paris to put a stop to it. Nevertheless, Abelard and Heloise have a child and later are secretly married. Abelard struggles with himself for acting against the will of God by loving Heloise. Her uncle takes a terrible revenge on Abelard for ruining Heloise's chances of an advantageous match.

Cast

 Derek de Lint as Peter Abelard
 Kim Thomson as Heloise d'Argenteuil
 Denholm Elliott as Fulbert
 Bernard Hepton as Bishop
 Kenneth Cranham as Suger
 Rachel Kempson as Prioress
 Mark Jax as Jourdain
 Angela Pleasence as Sister Cecilia
 Timothy Watson as François
 Patsy Byrne as Agnes
 Victoria Burgoyne as Prostitute
 Philip Locke as Poussin
 Cassie Stuart as Petronilla
 Andrew McLean as Gerard
 Thomas Lockyer as Thomas
 Mark Audley as Luke
 Kai Dominic as Paul
 Miki Hewitt as Sister Claire
 Yvonne Bryceland as Baroness Lamarck
 Vjenceslav Kapural as Baron Lamarck
 Ivo Husnjak as Gaston Lamarck
 Jeremy Hawk as Ancient Priest
 Moniek Kramer as Jeanne
 Drago Mitrovic as Priest
 Zvonimir Ferencic as Bishop
 Eugen Marcelic as Astrolabe
 Lela Simecki as Sister Therese

Crew
 Andros Epaminondas, Producer
 Susan George, Executive Producer
 Simon MacCorkindale, Producer
 Clive Donner, Director
 Chris Bryant, Screenplay
 Marion Meade, novel


James Caudy

James Caudy (1707 – March 15, 1784) was an American frontiersman, settler, and landowner in the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians of the Colony of Virginia—present-day West Virginia. Caudy was born in the Netherlands, immigrated to the Thirteen Colonies in the 1730s, and settled within the Cacapon River valley near present-day Capon Bridge in Hampshire County. As early as 1741, Caudy was associated with the arrangement and development of transportation routes throughout present-day Hampshire County. Caudy twice hosted George Washington; first during his surveying expedition in 1748 and again upon Washington's 1750 return to the Cacapon River valley.

Caudy participated in the French and Indian War and is best known for having purportedly defended himself from a band of Native American fighters on Caudy's Castle—a sandstone outcrop that now bears his name. According to tradition, Caudy used his long rifle barrel to push his Native American attackers off the rock into the Cacapon River below. In his later life, Caudy became involved in a land dispute with John Capper that was resolved by Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron in November 1762. Caudy died in 1784 and was interred on his property south of present-day Capon Bridge. According to local tradition, Caudy was buried with a Native American on either side of him, while another tradition says Caudy was buried with his horse.

Early life
James Caudy was born in 1707 in the Netherlands. He possibly arrived in the Thirteen Colonies through Prince George's County in the Province of Maryland in the 1730s. While in Prince George's County, Caudy married his first wife, Mary Hutchinson.

Settlement in Virginia
Around 1738, Caudy and fellow frontiersman Joseph Edwards purchased tracts of land along the Cacapon River. He and Edwards were accompanied by the first two families of European descent to settle in the Cacapon River valley. Caudy and his family settled on  in the Cacapon River valley near present-day Capon Bridge in what was then Orange County.  Caudy's land parcel was located to the south of Edwards's ; the present-day U.S. Route 50 (Northwestern Turnpike) approximately corresponds to the boundary between Caudy's and Edwards's land parcels.

Development of transportation routes

As early as 1741, Caudy was associated with the arrangement and development of transportation routes throughout present-day Hampshire County. On March 25, 1742, an Orange County court order mandated that Jeremiah Smith and James Eaton "view and lay" a road from Caudy's land to Isaac Perkins's mill near Winchester. That year, a wagon road was constructed between Winchester and Caudy's land tract. By 1744, this route was extended from Caudy's property to the North River at present-day North River Mills. This route later terminated at the mouth of Patterson Creek on the North Branch Potomac River and connected Winchester with Cumberland, Maryland.

In December 1742, the County Court of Orange County ordered the construction of another wagon road from Caudy's land to the South Branch Potomac River. In 1743, a wagon road connecting Winchester and Moorefield traversed Caudy's land using a ford in the Cacapon River. This road led to a watermill near Old Fields on the South Branch Potomac River. Due to the location of Caudy's settlement along the Winchester–Moorefield route, his residence served as an overnight stopping point for George Washington and George William Fairfax in April 1748. Washington and Fairfax were returning to Winchester en route to Belvoir following their surveying expedition in the South Branch Potomac River valley in present-day Hardy County. Washington and his surveying party stayed overnight in Caudy's log cabin. On April 12, 1750, George Washington surveyed a plot of "waste land" for Caudy, using white oak trees as boundary markers.

Caudy and John Stewart of Frederick County coordinated the layout and construction of further transportation routes through the region, and were respected for their efforts. Following Stewart's death in 1750, Stewart left his eldest son in the charge of Caudy and Captain Jeremiah Smith, who both procured land along the Cacapon River for him.

French and Indian War

Caudy's Castle incident

According to local tradition and folklore, Caudy is known as an "Indian fighter". Upon detecting a Native American stalker in pursuit of him, Caudy pretended to flee along a pathway leading up the mountain toward the craggy bluffs spanning between  above the Cacapon River, south of present-day Forks of Cacapon. This pathway edged around the face of a rock formation overlooking the Cacapon River, and narrowed into a rocky ledge. Another legend says Caudy was leading a group of pioneer settlers in defense against Native American attacks.

In both versions of the story, Caudy awaited his pursuers within the craggy recesses of the rock formation. The narrow recesses within the pinnacle's sandstone ledges allowed only single file passage through the rock outcrop toward the formation's face. As Caudy's followers traversed the outcrop's narrow passes and ledges, Caudy is said to have used his long rifle barrel to push them one-by-one off the rock formation into the Cacapon River  below. Other legends say Caudy used the tactic atop this rock on several occasions. The outcrop was named "Caudy's Castle," by which it is still known. With the exception of this event, there exist no other accounts of encounters or conflicts between Caudy and Native Americans.

French and Indian War service
During the French and Indian War, Caudy remained on his property on the Cacapon River; he staunchly defended it and likely sought further protection at Fort Edwards to the north. Caudy's residence may have been fortified; it was known as "Coddy's Fort". This fortification was not part of the "chain of forts" organized by George Washington for the defense of settlers against Native American raids in the South Branch Potomac and Cacapon River valleys. Caudy also served as a drummer in Maryland frontiersman Michael Cresap's militia.

Caudy hosted Washington again in 1755, providing Washington with an ample supply of grass seed that was likely produced in one of Caudy's fertile fields known as "Caudy's Meadow". Civil engineer Claudius Crozet later mentioned Caudy's Meadow in his fieldnotes during the planning and construction of the Northwestern Turnpike nearby. Washington sent payment for the grass seed to Caudy through James Wood, the founder of Winchester, Virginia.

Later life and death

Following his marriage to the widow of James McCoy by 1761, Caudy intended to acquire McCoy's  east of Great North Mountain in Frederick County. Caudy's claim to McCoy's land was disputed by John Capper, who claimed to have purchased McCoy's property before his death. A feud developed between Caudy and Capper; it was resolved by Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron in November 1762. Lord Fairfax awarded  to Caudy and the remainder of the disputed land to Capper.

Caudy never learned to write in English; he signed his last will and testament with an X mark in 1784. Caudy died on March 15, 1784, and was interred on his property south of present-day Capon Bridge. According to local tradition, Caudy was buried with a Native American on either side of him. Another tradition says he was buried with his horse. The site of Caudy's interment is located on property now known as Hartford Bealer farm. In the 1930s, Caudy's burial site was attended to by a local Boy Scouts troop, who landscaped the site and planted shrubbery. By 1976, Caudy's burial place was marked with four posts. In 2002, the Capon Bridge Ruritan Club removed the overgrown shrubs and erected a white fence around Caudy's interment site. The project was initiated by Capon Bridge area residents Roy Giffin, Ken Edmonds, and Roberta Munske. The Ruritans purchased a marble marker and erected it on the site at 9 a.m. on November 15, 2003. The burial site is accessible and visible from Christian Church Road, West Virginia Secondary Route 13.

Marriages and issue
Caudy's first marriage was to Mary Hutchinson in Prince George's County, Maryland. He and Mary had five children together:
 David Caudy (died in November 1782), married Martha Hiett
 Ann Caudy Dulany, married a Mr. Dulany
 Margaret Caudy Wood, married Daniel Wood
 Mary Caudy Kinman, married Samuel Kinman
 Sarah Caudy Hancher, married John Hancher

By 1761, Caudy had married the widow of James McCoy, who lived across Great North Mountain in Frederick County.

Footnotes


William Henry Miller (legislator)

William Henry Miller (February 28, 1829 – September 12, 1870) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.

William H. Miller (Son of Jesse Miller) was born in Landisburg, Pennsylvania.  He attended the public schools in Landisburg and a private school in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.  He graduated from Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1846.  He studied law, was admitted to the bar the same year and practiced in Harrisburg and later in New Bloomfield, Pennsylvania, in 1849.  He returned to Harrisburg in 1854 and became clerk of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1854 to 1863.  He was clerk of the Pennsylvania State Senate in 1858 and 1859.

Miller was elected as a Democrat to the Thirty-eighth Congress, defeating the incumbent Republican Speaker of the House, Galusha Grow.  He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1864.  He was a delegate to the 1864 Democratic National Convention.  He resumed the practice of law and also engaged in journalism.  He died in Harrisburg in 1870.  Interment in Harrisburg Cemetery.

Sources

The Political Graveyard

External links


Pope Pius XI and Poland

The relationship between  Pope Pius XI and Poland is often considered to have been good, as Church life in Poland flourished during his pontificate.

Role as nuncio to Poland
Achille Ratti, already in Warsaw as his representative, was named papal nuncio by Pope Benedict XV. He repeatedly cautioned Polish authorities against persecution against Lithuanian and Ruthenian clergy. During the Bolshevik advance against Warsaw, he asked for worldwide public prayers for Poland. Nuncio Ratti was the only foreign diplomat to stay in the Polish capital. On June 11, 1921, he wrote to the Polish episcopate, warning against political misuses of spiritual power, urging again peaceful coexistence with neighbouring people, stating that “love of country has its limits in justice and obligations.” He sent nuncio Ratti to Silesia to act against potential political agitations of the Catholic clergy.

Building bridges with the Soviet Union
Ratti, a scholar, intended to work for Poland and build bridges to the Soviet Union, hoping even to shed his blood for Russia. Pope Benedict XV needed him as a diplomat and not as a martyr and forbade any trip into the USSR although he was the official papal delegate for Russia. Therefore, he continued his contacts to Russia. This did not generate much sympathy for him within Poland at the time. He was asked to go. “While he tried honestly to show himself as a friend of Poland, Warsaw forced his departure, after his neutrality in Silesian voting was questioned” by Germans and Poles.

Opposition from German nationalists
Nationalistic Germans objected to a Polish nuncio supervising elections, and Poles were upset because he curtailed agitating clergy. On November 20, when German Cardinal Adolf Bertram announced a papal ban on all political activities of clergymen, calls for Ratti's expulsion climaxed in Warsaw. Two year later, Achille Ratti became Pope Pius XI, shaping Vatican policies towards Poland with Pietro Gasparri and Eugenio Pacelli for the following thirty-six years. (1922-1958)

Church life flourishes
During the pontificate of Pope Pius XI (1922-1939), Church life in Poland flourished: There were some anti-clerical groups opposing the new role of the Church especially in education, But numerous religious meetings and congresses, feasts and pilgrimages, many of which were accompanied by supportive letters from the Pontiff, took place.

Activities of Cardinal Gasparri
Under the pontificate of Pope Pius XI, his Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri with unusual candour expressed his views on the post-war order and the future of Poland: He told Ludwig von Pastor, that the Peace Treaty of Versailles will most certainly end in a new war, maybe even ten wars. He expressed his pleasure at the outcome of the Locarno treaty. However, the Polish Corridor continued to be a dark point in his estimation, requiring compromises. At the same time, he opined, Poland can only exist, if she works either with her neighbour in the East or West. Since the Soviet Union could not be relied upon, he considered it “outright stupid, to destroy bridges to the West. Poland will have to pay dearly later on, once Germany recuperates”.

Relationship with foreign minister Beck
In the late thirties, Polish foreign minister Beck came to Rome and requested an audience with Pope Pius XI. The Pope refused to see him, because Beck lived in disorderly family relations. Pacelli pointed out, that a foreign minister, not a saint, was applying. The Pope insisted, even when the “Black Pope, Father General Wlodimir Ledochowski intervened. He was respectfully told to be quiet. His distaste for some Polish politicians did not extend to the Polish people. Pope Pius XI had received many pilgrims and delegations and was most cordial. He was especially grateful for a Marian gift by the Polish Catholics, which he placed in the private Papal Chapel in Castel Gandolfo.

Concordat with Poland
On February 10, 1925, a concordat (Concordat of 1925) was signed between Pietro Gasparri, Cardinal Secretary of State for the Vatican and Stanislaw Grabski for Poland. The concordat has 27 articles, which guarantee the freedom of the Church and the faithful. It regulates the usual points of interests, Catholic instruction in primary schools and secondary schools, nomination of bishops, establishment of seminaries, a permanent nuncio in Warsaw, who also represents the interests of the Holy See in Gdańsk. The concordat stipulates, that no part of Polish territory can be placed under the jurisdiction of a bishop outside of Poland.

Full protection of the State
The Church enjoys full protection of the State, and prays for the leaders of Poland during Sunday mass and on May Third. Clerics make a solemn oath of allegiance to the Polish State If clergy are under accusation, trial documents will be forwarded to ecclesiastical authorities if clergy are accused of crimes. If convicted, they will not serve incarceration in jails but will be handed over to Church authorities for internment in a monastery or convent. The concordat extends to the Latin rite in five ecclesiastical provinces of Gniezno and Poznan, Varsovie, Wilno, Lwow and Cracovie. It applies as well to united Catholics of the Greco-Ruthenian rite in Lwow, and Przemysl, and, to the Armenian rite in Lwow. for religious celebration in the specific rites, Canon law must be observed.

Catholic instruction mandatory in public schools
Catholic instruction is mandatory in all public schools, except universities. In Article 24 Church and State recognize each other's property rights seeming in part from the time of partition before 1918. This means, property rights and real estate titles of the Church are respected, a later agreement will define the status of expropriated Church properties, until that time, the State will pay Church dotations for its clergy.
On paper the concordat seemed to be a victory for the Church. But Polish bishops felt forced to take measures against early violations, in the area of marriage legislation and property rights. Pope Pius XI was supportive of this and of episcopal initiatives to have their own plenary meetings.


Tabebuia anafensis

Tabebuia anafensis is a species of plant in the Bignoniaceae family. It is endemic to Cuba.  It is threatened by habitat loss.

Sources

anafensis


Steve Douglas (skateboarder)

Steve Douglas is a retired professional skateboarder and longtime employee of the skateboard industry from London, United Kingdom (UK). Since April 2014, he has been the Vice President (VP) of Dwindle Distribution.

Biography

Early life
Douglas was born in 1967 in North London. He began skateboarding at the age of 10 at various skateparks in the city, such as Uxbridge, Skate City, Rolling Thunder skate park, Crystal Palace Vert Ramp, and Harrow Skate Park. Douglas frequented Harrow from the day it opened, along with Rodga Harvey, John Sablosky and Jeremy Henderson. Later, the "H-Boyz crew" Douglas helped found would become regulars at Harrow Skate Park.

Skateboarding
In 1981, at the insistence of skate-photographer Tim Leighton-Boyce, Douglas began entering English Skateboard Association (ESA) contests. He won all the "under-16" events that he had entered. Douglas' success caught the attention of American sponsors such as Madrid Skateboards, Vans Shoes, Independent Trucks and Quicksilver Surf Wear .

Throughout the early 1980s, Douglas wrote and published a skateboarding magazine with Benjamin Thomas called Go For It!, named after a Stiff Little Fingers record. In the absence of any other topical periodical Douglas and Thomas' magazine became influential within  the British skateboarding scene. A total of 16 issues were produced, the last three of which were in a glossy, printed form. The penultimate issue, entitled the Swindle Issue, only had one glossy cover.

In 1984, the ESA managed to convince their US counterparts, the NSA, to label their contest series as a 'world championship' so the ESA could obtain government grants to send a UK team to participate. The first-ever UK team included Douglas, Harvey, Lucian Hendrix, and Sean Goff.

In 1986, following the release of a Go For It! calendar, Douglas prioritized overseas work commitments and Go For It! closed. By this time, Tim Leighton-Boyce's R.A.D. publication was available, followed by Shane Rouse's Skate Action and Steve Kane's Skateboard.

Douglas was assigned a professional status in 1987 by his skateboard deck sponsor, Schmitt Stix . The company released a Douglas signature model deck in 1988, which featured a picture of a spoof beer bottle label with the caption: 'Imported from Crystal Palace, London, England'.

After releasing a final signature model, Paul Schmitt decided to dissolve Schmitt Stix, at Douglas' behest. Schmitt then relaunched under a new name, 'New Deal Skateboards,' with a new team, new product line and renewed focus. Schmitt, a notable  international skateboard manufacturer at that time, created the new brand with Douglas and Andy Howell. Douglas used the 'New Deal' name to co-found a skate shop in London, originally located in a retail unit in the Harrow and Wealdstone shopping mall and later moved to Harrow Solid Surf Skatepark.

Along with Tony Magnusson's H-Street and Steve Rocco's World Industries, New Deal developed into a successful skateboard brand in the early 1990s by embracing the emerging street-based skateboarding revolution that favored new skateboarders such as Ed Templeton, who appeared in New Deal's first promotional video, Useless Wooden Toys (1990).

Bolstered by New Deal's success, Douglas co-founded the Giant Distribution skateboard company in the early 1990s  and eventually became the company's president. Hugh "Bod" Boyle, Douglas' UK friend and former professional skateboarder, eventually joined the company after a knee injury prematurely ended his skating career in the early 1990s. Boyle won the skateboarding World Championship in 1990.

In 1992, Howell decided to form his own skateboard brand. With Douglas' help they founded 'Underworld Element',
later renamed to Element Skateboards, which remains a prominent skateboard company today.
John Lucero, Douglas' teammate first at Madrid then at Schmitt Stix, started his own skateboard brand in 1988 called 'Lucero Skateboards,' soon renamed Black Label Skateboards. By the mid-1990s, Black Label was run out of a garage and Douglas restructured the company to further facilitate its growth.

Douglas also co-founded 411 video magazine 411VM and later the On Video series, both crucial to skateboarding's development through the 1990s and the new millennium. He also founded a new truck company in the late 1990s, Destructo Trucks, with the usual success, and took over production of Bam Margera's notorious CKY before Margera moved the series to television.
In 2004 Douglas accepted an offer from Burton Snowboards to be general manager at their clothing subsidiary Analog. A year later Douglas was reunited with his old friend 'Bod' Boyle when they both came to work at Giant's rival Dwindle Distribution; Boyle as president and Douglas in an advisory position.

In addition to his work at skateboarding companies, Douglas is also a committee member of both the IASC and USA Skateboarding, the national governing Body of American skateboarding.