Cat predation on wildlife

Cat predation on wildlife is the result of the natural instincts and behavior of both feral and domesticated cats to hunt small prey, including wildlife. This is sometimes seen as a desirable phenomenon, such as in the case of barn cats and other cats kept for the purposes of pest control. As an invasive species and superpredator, they do considerable ecological damage. In Australia, hunting by cats helped to drive at least 20 native mammals to extinction, and continues to threaten at least 124 more. Their introduction has caused the extinction of at least 33 endemic species on islands throughout the world. Feral and domestic cats kill billions of birds in the United States every year, where songbird populations continue to decline.

Birds
A 2013 study by Scott R. Loss and others of the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service found that free-ranging domestic cats (mostly unowned) are the top human-caused threat to wildlife in the United States, killing an estimated 1.3 to 3.7 billion birds and 6.3 to 22.3 billion mammals annually. These figures were much higher than previous estimates for the U.S. Unspecified species of birds native to the U.S. and mammals including mice, shrews, voles, squirrels and rabbits were considered most likely to be preyed upon by cats.

Perhaps the first U.S. study that pointed to predation by cats on wildlife as a concern was ornithologist Edward Howe Forbush's 1916 report for the Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, The Domestic Cat: Bird Killer, Mouser and Destroyer of Wildlife: Means of Utilizing and Controlling It.

The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds states that there is no scientific evidence that cat predation "is having any impact on bird populations UK-wide."

Island settings pose particular challenges for wildlife. A 2001 study identified cats alone as responsible for the plight of some island bird species, such as the Townsend's shearwater, socorro dove, and the Marquesan ground dove. The same study identified the greatest cause of endangerment of birds as habitat loss and degradation, with at least 52% of endangered birds affected, while introduced species on islands, such as domestic cats, rats and mustelids, affected only 6% of endangered birds. Other studies caution that removing domestic cats from islands can have unintended consequences, as increasing rat populations can put native bird and mammal species at risk.

Impact by location

Australia

Cats in Australia have been found to have European origins.  This is important to note because of their effect on native species. Feral cats in Australia have been linked to the decline and extinction of various native animals. They have been shown to cause a significant impact on ground nesting birds and small native mammals.

Feral cats have also hampered any attempts to re-introduce threatened species back into areas where they have become extinct as the cats have hunted and killed the newly released animals. Numerous Australian environmentalists claim the feral cat has been an ecological disaster in Australia, inhabiting most ecosystems except dense rainforest, and being implicated in the extinction of several marsupial and placental mammal species. Some inhabitants have begun eating cat meat to mitigate the harm that wild cats do to the local wildlife.

New Zealand

The fauna of New Zealand has evolved in isolation for millions of years without the presence of mammals (apart from a few bat species). Consequently, birds dominated the niches occupied by mammals and many became flightless. The introduction of mammals after settlement by Māori from about the 12th century had a huge effect on indigenous biodiversity. European explorers and settlers brought cats on their ships and the presence of feral cats was recorded from the latter decades of the 19th century.
It is estimated that feral cats have been responsible for the extinction of six endemic bird species and over 70 localised subspecies as well as depleting bird and lizard species.

United Kingdom
In the U.K., The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds states that there is no scientific evidence that cat predation "is having any impact on bird populations UK-wide. The article goes on to say, "This may be surprising, but many millions of birds die naturally every year, mainly through starvation, disease, or other forms of predation. There is evidence that cats tend to take weak or sickly birds".

"Those bird species that have undergone the most serious population declines in the UK (such as skylarks, tree sparrows and corn buntings) rarely encounter cats, so cats cannot be causing their declines. Research shows that these declines are usually caused by habitat change or loss, particularly on farmland." This evidence is despite the common practice in the U.K. of allowing owned cats access to the outdoors, which is recommended to prevent feline obesity (p. 138) and behavior problems and other health problems arising from confinement stress (p. 121).

SongBird Survival considers that "The prevailing line that "there is no scientific evidence that predation by cats is having any impact on bird populations in UK" is simply no longer tenable", noting "No study has ever examined the impact of cats on songbirds at the population level; Evidence shows that the recovering sparrowhawk population in the 1970-80s resulted in the decline of some songbird populations; Cats kill around 3 times as many songbirds as sparrowhawks; The mere presence of cats near birds' nests was found to decrease provision of food by a third while the resultant mobbing clamour from parent birds led in turn to increased nest predation by crows and magpies; [and that] It is therefore far more likely that cats have an even greater impact on songbird populations than sparrowhawks."

Sir David Attenborough in his Christmas Day, 2013, edition of BBC Radio 4 programme Tweet Of The Day said ""Cats kill an extraordinarily high number of birds in British gardens". Asked whether cat owners should buy bell collars for their pets at Christmas, he replied: "That would be good for the robins, yes."

Islands

Consequences of introduction

Many islands host ecologically naive animal species. That is, animals that do not have predator responses for dealing with predators such as cats. Feral cats introduced to such islands have had a devastating impact on these islands' biodiversity.

They have been implicated in the extinction of several species and local extinctions, such as the hutias from the Caribbean, the Guadalupe storm petrel from the Pacific coast of Mexico, and Lyall's wren. In a statistical study, they were a significant cause for the extinction of 40% of the species studied. Moors and Atkinson wrote, in 1984, "No other alien predator has had such a universally damaging effect."

Feral cats, along with rabbits, some sea birds, and sheep, form the entire large animal population of the remote Kerguelen Islands in the southern Indian Ocean. Although exotic mammals form the bulk of their diet, cats' impact on seabirds is very important.

Restoration
Because of the damage cats cause in islands and some ecosystems, many conservationists working in the field of island restoration have worked to remove feral cats. (Island restoration involves the removal of introduced species and reintroducing native species.) , 48 islands have had their feral cat populations eradicated, including New Zealand's network of offshore island bird reserves and Australia's Macquarie Island.

Larger projects have also been undertaken, including their complete removal from Ascension Island. The cats, introduced in the 19th century, caused a collapse in populations of nesting seabirds. The project to remove them from the island began in 2002, and the island was cleared of cats by 2004. Since then, seven species of seabird that had not nested on the island for 100 years have returned.

In some cases, the removal of cats had unintended consequences. An example is Macquarie Island, where the removal of cats caused an explosion in the number of rabbits, rats, and mice that harm native seabirds even if the eradication was positioned within an integrated pest management framework. The removal of the rats and rabbits was scheduled for 2007 and it could take up to seven years and cost $24 million.

Mice and rats

Cats are sometimes intentionally released into urban environments on the popular assumption that they will control the rat population; but there is little scientific basis for this. The reality is that cats find rats to be large and formidable prey, and so they preferentially hunt defenseless wildlife such as lizards and songbirds instead. Scientists and conservationists oppose the use of cats as a form of rodent control because they are so inefficient at destroying pest species that the harm they do to native species in the process outweighs any benefit.

In 2002, feral cats introduced to a flower market in Los Angeles, California, were noted to have helped lower rat populations. In Chicago's 47th Ward, feral cats were introduced in 2012 in the hope that it would help a rat problem there.


Phil Brown (American football)

Phil  Brown (March 14, 1901 – May 16, 1991) was an American football and basketball coach.
He served as the head football coach at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland from 1927 to 1927, Rose Polytechnic Institute—now known as Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology from 1928 to 1942 and again from 1946 to 1958, and Indiana State Teachers College—now known as Indiana State University in 1944.


Entoku

was a  after Chōkyō and before Meio. This period spanned the years from August 1489 through July 1492. The reigning emperor was .

Change of era
 1489 : The era name was changed to mark an event or a number of events. The old era ended and a new one commenced in Chōkyō 3.

Events of the Entoku era
 April 26, 1489 (Entoku 1, 26th day of the 3rd month): The shōgun Yoshihisa died at age 25 while leading a military campaign in Ōmi Province. He had led the shogunate for 18 years. His father, the former Shogun Yoshimasa, was strongly afflicted by his death; and because of this unanticipated development, he was moved to reconcile with his brother, Yoshimi.
 January 27, 1490 (Entoku 2, 7th day of the 1st month): The former shōgun Yoshimasa died at age 56.
 1490 (Entoku 2, 7th month): Ashikaga Yoshimura (known as Ashikaga Yoshitane after 1501), nephew of Yoshimasa, is proclaimed as shōgun at age 25.

Notes


J. Donald Millar

John Donald Millar (February 27, 1934 – August 30, 2015) was a physician and public health administrator who rose to prominence as the director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health from 1981 through 1993.

Education
Donald Millar was born February 27, 1934, in Newport News, Virginia, to Dorothea (née Smith) and John Millar. Donald attended the University of Richmond, earning a B.S. in chemistry in 1956. He continued his education at the Medical College of Virginia. In 1957, he married Joan Phillips and two years later he completed his M.D. He completed his residency at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.

Millar began working for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1961. Beginning in 1963 he directed CDC's Smallpox Eradication Program and its predecessors, an effort he led until 1970. In 1972, while Chief of the CDC Venereal Disease Control Program, he famously said of the Tuskegee long-term study of untreated syphilis in African Americans, "They were not denied drugs, rather, they were not offered drugs."  In 1966, he was awarded a D.T.P.H. (Lond.)—a degree equivalent to a Master's of Public Health degree in the United States—from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

Early career
Millar began working for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health under then-director John Finklea. Finklea was the Institute's second director. Since taking over the head spot in 1975 from Dr. Marcus M. Key, Finklea had tried to change the Institute's direction, taking a more aggressive approach than Key had. Finklea began to feel pressure to resign from stakeholders inside and outside of the organization. He resigned abruptly in March, 1978, which left Millar as NIOSH's acting director. Millar held the post, sorting out conflicts within the Institute, until Anthony Robbins was appointed director 1979. Following Robbins's appointment, Millar was hired as the director of the National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH). He served in that capacity until Robbins resigned in 1981. Millar was appointed in his place as director of NIOSH, a position he held until 1993.

NIOSH Director
In his more than decade as director of NIOSH, Millar established the Institute as a mature organization. He expanded NIOSH's focus beyond chemical hazards, an area which had consumed the attention of his predecessors. He led studies concerning such varied topics as vibration syndrome (caused by vibrating tools such as pneumatic hammers and gasoline chain saws); electrocution from metal ladders being too near power lines; and occupational fatalities in confined spaces. His approach to occupational safety was typified by his manner of addressing tractor rollovers, which he referred to as an "occupational obscenity". He advocated the use of a rollover protective structure (ROPS) on every tractor in use, saying, "There is no scientific excuse for the persistence of this problem. This is something we know how to prevent".

In addition to his work at NIOSH, Millar chaired the executive committee of the National Toxicology Program (NTP) from 1989 to 1993. He maintained an adjunct professorship of occupational and environmental health at the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University in Atlanta (1988–1998). He served on a panel of occupational health experts for the World Health Organization, and he continued his efforts to eradicate smallpox. In 1987, he was presented with the Gorgas Medal from the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States (AMSUS).

For his work, Dr. Millar has been twice honored with the Distinguished Service Medal (1983 and 1989), highest honor bestowed by the United States Public Health Service. He was named Honorary Fellow of the Faculty of Occupational Medicine, Royal College of Physicians, London (U.K.). He received the William S. Knudsen Award from the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine for "outstanding contributions to occupational medicine." In 1993, Millar was given the William Steiger Memorial Award from the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, the Health Watch Award for "outstanding contributions toward improving the health of minority populations", and the Surgeon General's Medallion for "exceptional skill and fortitude."

Workplace health consultant
Millar retired from NIOSH and the US Public Health Service with the rank of Rear Admiral in 1993, turning his directorship over to Linda Rosenstock. He started a consulting company in 1993, Don Millar & Associates, Inc., in Murrayville, GA. As president of the company, Millar provided his services in the occupational and environmental health industry. He chaired several scientific panels and workshops, and served as vice chairman of the Public Health Policy Advisory Board (PHPAB), a Washington "think-tank" fostering science-based public health policy. He also served on editorial and advisory boards of the American Journal of Industrial Medicine, the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, and the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.

Personal
Millar was an accomplished musician who was part of the DeKalb Symphony Orchestra, Gainesville, GA; the Truett-Mcconnell College Wind Symphony; and the Toccoa Symphony Orchestra. He enjoyed sailing and was an amateur Civil War historian. He and Joan had three children. He died of kidney failure on August 30, 2015.


Kinakin, Ifugao

Barangay Kinakin is one of the 18 barangays in the Municipality of Banaue, Ifugao. It has 4 puroks namely: Kinakin, Gilot, Bayninan, and Talop. According to the 2007 census , the barangay accounts 837 in terms of population. The people primarily depends on subsistence form of living where they cultivate rice, raise livestock and poultry, gather produce and plant vegetables for their own consumption.

Geography
Brgy. Kinakin is located at the southeastern part of the Municipality of Banaue in Ifugao. It is bounded by the Agricultural Districts of Pula in the north, Umbulu in the northeast, Dal'ean and Bangaan on the east, Oguag in the south, and Poitan on the west.

The topography of the barangay is mountainous, and ruggedly steep. The total land area of the barangay is not yet reconciled since there are issues needed to be settled. The primary issues involved are the cultural boundaries which is not congruent with the political boundaries being set by the national agencies concerned in setting boundaries. However, the oldest account being set forth by the locals was through the work of Harold Conklin's Ethnographic Atlas of Ifugao (1980) where it states that the total land area of the barangay is 1,450 hectares.

Climate
According to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, the municipality of Banaue belongs to the Type III climate of Modified Coronas Classification .

The rainy season usually commences in early part of May and ends in November, while the dry season occurs in December and gradually welcoming the rainy season in May. Unfortunately, there is no local PAGASA agrometeorological or sypnotic station present in the barangay, thus, several agencies have gathered independent data gathering methods to further complete the quantitative study in the climate of the said municipality.

People and Culture
The people in the barangay are still devoted with their cultural heritage, myth, and other cultural indoctrinations. There are two dominant tribes and several other tribes known in the barangay. Ayangan and Tuwali being the two dominant tribes. Myth has it that the Ayangans have settled in the area thousands of years ago thereby producing the numerous rice terraces in the region. They are fond of festivities and rituals signifying their willful submission to their supreme deity, Mahnongan. The mumbaki is the priest tasked to deliver, bless, and mediate spirits on different occasions.


Norah Ansell

Norah Marjorie Ansell (6 July 1906 -1990) was a British sculptor who worked mostly in wood, ivory and bronze.

Biography
Ansell was born in Wiltshire and took evening classes at the Birmingham College of Arts and Crafts and remained in that city for most of her career, living in the Edgbaston area. She produced statuettes and portrait busts in a variety of materials including bronze, wood and ivory. Ansell exhibited with the Royal Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts and the Royal Academy in London during 1945 and then subsequently with the Royal Academy. From 1950 to 1955 she was a regular exhibitor with the Society of Women Artists. Ansell was awarded a prize at the International Ivory Sculpture Competition and Exhibition held in New York at the Carlebach Gallery in 1953.


Adam Small

Adam Small (born 1975) is an American composer, producer and bassist. He attended Manhattan School of Music in New York City where he majored in jazz performance. Small has composed music for various television and film projects, backed many artists as a bassist and is the creator of My Music Masterclass, Inc.

As a bassist, Small has performed with various artists and groups including Bernie Worrell (Parliament-Funkadelic), The Pointer Sisters, Larry Goldings (solo artist, Maceo Parker), Jimmy Smith (musician), Bernard Purdie, Jim Rotondi, David Hazeltine and Eddie Henderson (solo artist, Herbie Hancock).

Works

 Another Earth (Film)
 Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead (Film)
 Keeping Up with the Kardashians (E!)
 America's Psychic Challenge (Lifetime)
 Dr. Steve-O (USA)
 The Pick-Up Artist (VH1)
 Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Inferno III (MTV)
 Unique Whips (Speed TV)
 Reunited: The Real World Las Vegas (MTV)
 The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency (Oxygen)
 Two-A-Days (MTV), Stars on Stars (Fox Sports)
 The Real World: Denver (MTV)
 The Bad Girls Club (Oxygen)
 Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Fresh Meat (MTV)
 Kathy Griffin: My Life on the D-List (Bravo)
 Fat Camp: An MTV Docs Movie Presentation (MTV)
 The Real World: Key West (MTV)
 Survival of the Richest (CW)
 Road Rules (MTV)
 Hogan Knows Best (VH1, CMT)
 8th & Ocean (MTV)
 Made (MTV)
 Dr. 90210 (E!, STYLE)
 Beach Patrol (COURT TV)
 True Life (MTV)
 Real World/Road Rules Challenge: The Gauntlet II (MTV)
 The Amazing Race (CBS, Game Show)
 The Real World: Austin (MTV)


Ryuji Ito

(born April 8, 1976) is a Japanese professional wrestler currently competing in Big Japan Pro Wrestling in the Deathmatch division. He is well known for his death match style of wrestling.

Career

Big Japan Pro Wrestling (1999-present)
Ito, whose gimmick is reminiscent of the Mortal Kombat icon Liu Kang, has been known for competing in many deathmatches over the span of his career, including a Cage match variation which saw him defeat Kintaro Kanemura. Ito is perhaps most famous for participating in an infamous "Lightube Lightsaber match" in which he fought and defeated Abdullah Kobayashi. The match has since become a hit video among hardcore wrestling fans on the website YouTube.

In 2008, Ito competed at IWA East Coast's Masters of Pain, where he lost to Thumbtack Jack in the finals after defeating Drake Younger and Danny Havoc. He also wrestled in Chikara at The Global Gauntlet the same year.

In addition to his gruesome matches, Ito has accumulated several championships over his career while working for both Big Japan Pro Wrestling and Dramatic Dream Team and has also feuded with both Shadow WX and Men's Teioh over his titles, making him a main eventer within both promotions.

Other media
Ito appears as himself in the video game Backyard Wrestling 2: There Goes the Neighborhood, and also appears as himself alongside Daisuke Sekimoto, Abdullah Kobayashi, Takashi Sasaki and Jaki Numazawa in the 2006 movie Dirty Sanchez: The Movie. Ito and the other wrestlers perform wrestling moves on the three main cast members.

Championships and accomplishments
Big Japan Pro Wrestling
BJW Deathmatch Heavyweight Championship (6 times)
BJW Tag Team Championship (2 times, current) – with BADBOY Hido (1) and Abdullah Kobayashi (1, current)
WEW Hardcore Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Daisaku Shimoda
Yokohama Shopping Street 6-Man Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Kankuro Guy and Tiger Ten (1), and Daisuke Sekimoto and Jaki Numazawa (1)
Ikkitousen Deathmatch Survivor (2013)
Combat Zone Wrestling
Triangle of Ultraviolence (2011)
Dramatic Dream Team
DDT KO-D Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Sanshiro Takagi
Japan Indie Awards
Best Bout Award (2009) vs. Jun Kasai on November 20
Best Bout Award (2016) vs. Kankuro Hoshino on July 24
Tokyo Sports
Match of the Year Award (2009) vs. Jun Kasai on November 20


Sikkim Judicial Academy

Sikkim Judicial Academy was inaugurated at Sokeythang, Gangtok on June 28, 2018. A Supreme Court Judge Mr. Altamas Kabir, laid the foundation stone of the  at  on 15 May 2012.

The Academy was to be the second in the North East Region after the first one in Guwahati. The new complex will cater to the academic, administrative and residential needs of the Judicial Academy in imparting training and judicial education to newly inducted civil judges, judicial magistrates and district judges as well as in arranging continuous judicial education programmes for in-service judicial officers and prosecutors. It will also conduct training courses for new prosecutors.


Le shérif

Le shérif (The Sheriff) is an opéra comique in three acts composed by Fromental Halévy to a libretto by Eugène Scribe. It was premiered by the Opéra-Comique at the Salle de la Bourse in Paris on 2 September 1839. Based on a short story by Balzac, the opera is set in the London Docklands during the late 18th century.

Background and performance history
Scribe frequently borrowed from Balzac's collection of interlinked novels and stories, La Comédie humaine, for his plays and libretti. The basic plot of his libretto for Le shérif was taken from the Comédie humaine novella Maître Cornélius (Master Cornelius). Balzac's Master Cornelius is Louis XI's money-lender who lives in an old mansion where his gold keeps mysteriously disappearing. Scribe transferred the setting to late 18th-century London and provided a happy ending. Cornelius became Sir James Turner, the High-Sheriff of London. Like Cornelius, he is discovered as the thief of his own property which occurs while he is sleepwalking. However, unlike Cornelius who commits suicide on learning the truth, Sheriff Turner lives to tell the tale.

According to cultural historian Robert Letellier, Halévy's score for Le shérif revealed a "powerful originality", as had the scores for two of his previous opéras comiques, L'éclair and  Les treize. However, the score's eclecticism proved unpopular with the Parisian public. Following its premiere on 2 September 1839 with Henry Deshaynes in the title role, the opera ran for thirteen more performances at the Théâtre de l'Opéra-Comique-Bourse but was not revived there. A brief article in The Foreign Quarterly Review reported that Le shérif was given in Prague in early 1841 with a Czech libretto adapted by Alois Svoboda, but it was not a success "owing to the inefficient manner" in which the role of Sir James Turner was sung.

The opera's orchestral score was published by Maurice Schlesinger in 1839. The following year Stephen Heller composed his Op. 17, six caprices for piano based on an aria from Le shérif. Various fantasies based on the opera and arrangements for solo piano or violin were also published by minor composers such as Edouard Wolff, Henri Panofka, and Auguste Panseron.

Roles


Wiggin baronets

The Wiggin Baronetcy, of Metchley Grange in Harborne in Staffordshire, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 17 June 1892 for Henry Wiggin. He was the founder of Henry Wiggin and Co Ltd, manufacturers of specialty metal products, and also represented Staffordshire East (as a Liberal) and Handsworth (as a Liberal Unionist) in the House of Commons. The second Baronet was High Sheriff of Staffordshire in 1896. The third Baronet was a colonel in the army and served as High Sheriff of Warwickshire in 1942. The fourth Baronet was high sheriff of Warwickshire from 1975 to 1976 and a deputy lieutenant of the county in 1985.

The Conservative politician Sir Jerry Wiggin is the son of Colonel Sir William Henry Wiggin (1888–1951), son of Alfred Harold Wiggin, fourth son of the first Baronet. His son is the Conservative politician Bill Wiggin. Edgar Askin Wiggin (1867–1939), fifth son of the first Baronet, was a Brigadier-General in the Army.

The family seat is Honington Hall, near Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire.

Wiggin baronets, of Metchley Grange (1892)
Sir Henry Samuel Wiggin, 1st Baronet (1824–1905)
Sir Henry Arthur Wiggin, 2nd Baronet (1852–1917)
Sir Charles Richard Henry Wiggin, 3rd Baronet (1885–1972)
Sir John Henry Wiggin, 4th Baronet (1921–1992)
Sir Charles Rupert John Wiggin, 5th Baronet (1949–2012)
Sir Richard Edward John Wiggin, 6th Baronet (born 1980)

Notes


Heart of the Earth Survival School

Heart of the Earth School was a Native American survival school located in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Established in 1972, the school served students in kindergarten through twelfth grade until its closure in 2008.

History
Heart of the Earth Survival School was established in January 1972 by the American Indian Movement. Instrumental in the creation of Heart of the Earth was Title VII of the Indian Education Act, adopted by Congress on June 23, 1972. This act allowed Indians to have control over educating their people; a different policy than the US government had previously adopted with the boarding schools that dominated Indian education throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.

In 1999, Heart of the Earth/Oh Day Aki became a charter school. Minneapolis Public Schools ended the district's sponsorship of the school in August 2008 after an audit revealed more than $160,000 in financial discrepancies.

In 2010, the former executive director of the school, Joel Pourier, was sentenced to 10 years in prison for stealing more than a million dollars from the school, a crime that forced the school to shut down.

Campus
The school's location on 4th Street Southeast was located in the Dinkytown district of the Marcy-Holmes neighborhood of Minneapolis.

Curriculum
A “survival school” serves as an alternative to public and Bureau of Indian Affairs schools offered most commonly to Indian communities on reservations. Survival schools provide language instruction in native languages like Ojibwe and Lakota. The courses, even the basics, are centered on Indian culture. Part of Heart of the Earth’s original purpose was to teach Indian children living in cities about disappearing life skills like "hunting, fishing, maple syrup gathering and wild rice harvesting", and helping Indian students identify to their culture.  Initially, the school provided practical training for Indian students who would not pursue higher education. Later, as a charter school, Oh Day Aki provided a unique opportunity for Indian students to explore their cultures in a school setting while simultaneously preparing for higher education and self-sufficiency.

Extracurricular activities
Oh Day Aki Charter School's athletic teams, known as the Eagles, competed in the Minnesota State High School League, Class A, Section 4. The school fielded teams in baseball, basketball, cross country, softball, track, and volleyball.


94th Fighter Squadron

The 94th Fighter Squadron is a unit of the United States Air Force 1st Operations Group located at Joint Base Langley–Eustis, Virginia.  The 94th is equipped with the F-22 Raptor.

The 94 FS is one of the oldest units in the United States Air Force, first being organized on 20 August 1917 as the 94th Aero Squadron of the United States Army Air Service at Kelly Field, Texas.   The squadron deployed to France and fought on the Western Front during World War I as a pursuit squadron. It took part in the  Champagne-Marne defensive; Aisne-Marne offensive; St. Mihiel offensive, and Meuse-Argonne offensive.

In 1924, it was consolidated with the 103d Aero Squadron (Pursuit).  The 103d was largely composed of former members of the French Air Service Lafayette Escadrille (from the French Escadrille de Lafayette).  This was a squadron of American volunteer pilots who had joined the French Air Service prior to the United States entry into the war on 6 April 1917.  In July 1926, with the disestablishment of the U.S. Army Air Service, the squadron became part of the U.S. Army Air Corps (USAAC).

In June 1941, the squadron became part of the renamed U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF).  During World War II  the unit served in the Mediterranean Theater of Operations (MTO) as part of Twelfth Air Force as a P-38 Lightning fighter squadron, participating in the North African and Italian campaigns.  In September 1947, it became part of the newly-established United States Air Force (USAF).  During the Cold War it was both an Air Defense Command (ADC) fighter-interceptor squadron, and later as part of Tactical Air Command (TAC).  It was one of the first USAF operational squadrons equipped with the F-15A Eagle in January 1976.  With the disestablishment of TAC in 1992, it was assigned to the newly-established Air Combat Command (ACC).

Overview
The 94 Fighter Squadron (94 FS) is tasked to provide air superiority for the United States and allied forces by engaging and destroying enemy forces, equipment, defenses or installations for global deployment as part of the 1st Fighter Wing.

The squadron flies one of today's most advanced air dominance fighters, the F-22A Raptor, being the USAF's second operational F-22 squadron in 2006.   94 FS aircraft, like other aircraft from the 1st Fighter Wing, have the tail code "FF".

History
The 94th Fighter Squadron has a long history and traditions that date back to World War I. The squadron was activated at Kelly Field, Texas, on 20 August 1917 as the 94th Aero Squadron.  On 8 April 1924, the unit was consolidated with the 103d Aero Squadron which was organized on 31 August 1917.

World War I
 See 94th Aero Squadron for an expanded World War I history

On 30 September 1917, two officers and 150 enlisted men left Texas for France and were sent to seven different aircraft factories for maintenance and repair training. In April 1918, the 94th was reunited and stationed at the Gengault Aerodrome near Toul, France, where it began operations as the first American squadron at the front.  It was placed under the command of Major Raoul Lufbery, an ace pilot and veteran of the Lafayette Escadrille.

As the first American squadron in operation, its aviators were allowed to create their squadron insignia. They used the opportunity to commemorate the United States' entry into World War I by taking the phrase of tossing one's "hat in the ring" (a boxing phrase to signify one's willingness to become a challenger) and symbolizing it with the literal image of Uncle Sam's red, white and blue top hat going through a ring.

On 14 April, Lt. Douglas Campbell and Lt. Alan Winslow downed two German aircraft. These were the first victories ever scored by an American unit. No 94th pilot achieved more aerial victories than 1st Lt. Edward V. "Eddie" Rickenbacker, who was named America's "Ace of Aces" during the war.  In his Nieuport 28 and later his SPAD S.XIII, Rickenbacker was credited with 26 of the squadron's 70 kills during World War I.  By the end of hostilities, the 94th had won battle honors for participation in 11 major engagements and was awarded the Croix de Guerre with Palm.

The squadron was assigned to the 1st Pursuit Group based at Toul (5 May 1918), and subsequently at Touquin (28 June 1918), Saints (9 July 1918) and Rembercourt (1 September 1918).  Rickenbacker took command of the squadron on 25 September, at the start of the Meuse Argonne Offensive, and retained it through the end of the war.  Another flying ace of this squadron was Harvey Weir Cook.

The 103d Aero Squadron constructed facilities, December 1917 – 1 February 1918; with flight echelon originally composed of former members of the Lafayette Escadrille, participated in combat as a pursuit unit with the French Fourth Army, French Sixth Army, Detachment of the Armies of the North (French), French Eighth Army, and the American First Army, 18 February – 10 November 1918.

On 8 April 1924, the 103d was consolidated by the Air Service with the 94th Pursuit Squadron.

Between the wars: 1920s and 1930s
The squadron returned home in the spring of 1919, and after several moves, the 94th settled with the 1st Pursuit Group at Selfridge Field, Michigan, in July 1922. In 1923, the unit was re-designated the 94th Pursuit Squadron. The squadron stayed in Michigan for the remainder of the inter-war years, training in its pursuit role. The squadron flew 17 different aircraft during this period, culminating with the P-38 Lightning. One week after Pearl Harbor, the 94th moved to Naval Air Station San Diego, California. Expecting to see action in the Pacific, the squadron instead received orders for Europe. In the summer of 1942, the 94th and its parent group deployed under its own power to England, the U.K., via Canada, Labrador, Greenland, and Iceland as part of Operation Bolero. This marked the first time that a fighter squadron flew its own aircraft from the United States to Europe.

World War II
In May 1942, all pursuit groups and squadrons were re-designated "fighter". In November the 94th Fighter Squadron entered combat in North Africa during Operation Torch. Based in Algeria, Tunisia, and Italy, the 94th again distinguished itself in combat by winning two Presidential Distinguished Unit Citations as part of the 1st Group. In addition, the squadron earned 14 Campaign honors, participating in almost every campaign in North Africa and Europe. 64 pilots of the 94th Fighter Squadron were credited with 124 Axis aircraft destroyed. The 94th produced a total of six aces in World War II. In April 1945 the 1st Fighter Group received two YP-80 jets for operational testing. The 94th Squadron's Major Edward LaClare flew two operational sorties in the YP-80 although without encountering combat.

Cold War

After the end of World War II, the 94th trained in the Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star, America's first operational jet fighter, and was stationed at March AFB, California. In July 1950, the group became the 94th Fighter Interceptor Squadron (FIS) and was eventually assigned to Air Defense Command (ADC), later renamed Aerospace Defense Command (ADC). After the P-80, the squadron flew several aircraft in the interceptor role, including the F-86, F-102 and F-106. In 1956, the 94th won the Worldwide Rocket Firing Meet held at Vincent AFB, Arizona. In the 1960s, the unit was among the first ready units sent to Florida during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. The squadron carried out combat air patrol missions off the coast of Florida, setting a record for F-106 hours and sorties. During the 1960s, the 94th, along with other ADC units, maintained an alert force in Alaska.

With its supersonic F-106s, the squadron intercepted Russian bombers on missions over the Bering Sea. Then, in June 1969, with tensions mounting following the Pueblo Incident and the downing of an EC-121 electronic observation plane by North Korea, the squadron deployed to Osan AB, South Korea, for six months. On 1 July 1971, the 94th returned to the United States, changing home stations to MacDill AFB, Florida, as part of a realignment of the original First Pursuit Group. The squadron was designated the 94th Tactical Fighter Squadron, reassigned to Tactical Air Command, and reunited with the 27th and 71st Squadrons under the 1st Tactical Fighter Wing (1 TFW), flying the F-4E. The 94th assumed the duties of a Replacement Training Unit (RTU), providing F-4 aircrews for operational combat squadrons.

In 1975, the 1st TFW moved to Langley AFB, Virginia, and began the 94 TFS flying the F-15A and F-15B Eagle, with the squadron becoming combat-ready in early 1977. In September 1992, the squadron was renamed the 94th Fighter Squadron (94 FS).

The 94th Fighter Squadron did not deploy to Southwest Asia for the first Persian Gulf War, although many of its pilots and maintenance personnel did as augmenters to both the 71st and 27th Fighter Squadrons from the 1st Fighter Wing.  The 94th successfully supported the UN-sanctioned Operation Southern Watch and Operation Northern Watch in Iraq with many deployments to Saudi Arabia and Turkey in the period leading up to the Iraq War. The 94th Fighter Squadron pilots repeatedly defeated Iraqi surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) and anti-aircraft artillery (AAA) attacks while enforcing UN sanctions, without loss or damage to a single aircraft.

Since the September 11 attacks on the United States, the aircraft of the 94th have patrolled the skies of the East Coast of the United States.

Modern era
In 2006, the 94th became the second operational squadron to fly the F-22 Raptor, receiving its first F-22A in June 2006, and receiving its full complement of F-22As, with AF Ser. No / tail number (T/N) 05-0094, in June 2007. This was due to the 94 FS trading tail number 086 for 094 with the 90th Fighter Squadron, which is part of the 3rd Wing based at Elmendorf AFB, Alaska.

Additionally, the 1st FW traded AF Ser. No. / tail number 05-0084 to the 90th Fighter Squadron for tail number 05-0101. Tail 10-194 is the current 1st Fighter Wing flagship and flies as part of the 94th Fighter Squadron.

2013 Sequestration
Air Combat Command officials announced a stand down and reallocation of flying hours for the rest of the fiscal year 2013 due to mandatory budget cuts.  The across-the board spending cuts, called sequestration, took effect 1 March when Congress failed to agree on a deficit-reduction plan.

Squadrons either stood down on a rotating basis or kept combat ready or at a reduced readiness level called "basic mission capable" for part or all of the remaining months in fiscal 2013.  This affected the 94th Fighter Squadron with a stand-down grounding from 9 April-30 September 2013.

Lineage
 103d Aero Squadron
 Organized as the 103d Aero Squadron on 31 August 1917
 Redesignated 103d Aero Squadron (Pursuit) on 13 February 1918
 Redesignated 103d Aero Squadron, 4 March 1919
 Demobilized on 18 August 1919
 Reconstituted on 8 April 1924 and consolidated with the 94th Pursuit Squadron as the 94th Pursuit Squadron

 94th Fighter Squadron
 Organized as the 94th Aero Squadron on 20 August 1917
 Redesignated 94th Aero Squadron (Pursuit) on  30 March 1918
 Redesignated 94th Aero Squadron on 1 June 1919
 Redesignated 94th Squadron (Pursuit) on 14 March 1921
 Redesignated 94th Pursuit Squadron on 25 January 1923
 Consolidated with the 103d Aero Squadron on 8 April 1924
 Redesignated 94th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) on 6 December 1939
 Redesignated 94th Pursuit Squadron (Fighter) on 12 March 1941
 Redesignated 94th Fighter Squadron (Twin Engine) on 15 May 1942
 Redesignated 94th Fighter Squadron, Two Engine on 28 February 1944
 Inactivated on 16 October 1945
 Redesignated 94th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 5 April 1946
 Redesignated 94th Fighter Squadron, Jet Propelled on 20 June 1946
 Activated on 3 July 1946
 Redesignated 94th Fighter Squadron, Jet on 15 June 1948
 Redesignated 94th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 16 April 1950
 Redesignated 94th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 1 July 1971
 Redesignated 94th Fighter Squadron on 1 November 1991

Assignments
 103d Aero Squadron

 Post Headquarters, Kelly Field, 31 August 1917
 Aviation Concentration Center, 5 November 1917
 Third Aviation Instruction Center, 28 December 1917
 Air Service Headquarters, American Expeditionary Force, 13 February 1918 (attached to Groupe de Combat 21 18 February 1918, Sixth Army (France) 11 April 1918, Army of the North (France) after 30 April 1918)

 2d Pursuit Group, 5 July 1918
 3d Pursuit Group, 7 August 1918
 1st Air Depot, 5 June 1919
 Advanced Section Services of Supply, 6–19 February 1919
 Eastern Department, 4 March-18 Aug 1919

 94th Aero (later, 94th Pursuit) Squadron

 Post Headquarters, Kelly Field, 20 August 1917
 Aviation Concentration Center, 5 October 1917
 Overseas transport: RMS Adriatic, 27 October-10 November 1917
 Headquarters Air Service, AEF, 12 November 1917
 Attached to French Air Service for training, 19 November 1917 – 24 January 1918
 3d Instructional Center, 24 January 1918

 1st Pursuit Organization Center, 30 March 1918
 1st Pursuit Group, 5 May 1918
 5th Pursuit Group, 20 November 1918
 1st Air Depot, 17 April 1919
 Advanced Section Services of Supply, 5 May 1919
 Post Headquarters, Mitchel Field, 1 June 1919
 1st Pursuit Group, 22 August 1919 to consolidation.

 Consolidated Squadron

 1st Pursuit (later, 1st Fighter) Group, from consolidation in 1924 to 16 October 1945
 1st Fighter (later, 1st Fighter-Interceptor) Group, 3 July 1946
 Attached to Alaskan Air Command, 13 October 1947 – 16 February 1948
 4705th Defense Wing, 6 February 1952
 27th Air Division, 1 March 1952
 1st Fighter Group, 18 August 1955

 1st Fighter Wing, 1 February 1961
 Attached to 314th Air Division, c. 6 June – 17 November 1969
 23d Air Division, 1 December 1969
 1st Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 July 1971
 1st Operations Group, 1 October 1991–present

Stations
 103d Aero Squadron

 Kelly Field, Texas, 31 August-30 October 1917
 Aviation Concentration Center, Garden City, New York, 5 November 1917
 Overseas transport: RMS Baltic, 23 November-7 December
 Liverpool, England, 8 December
 Windall Downs Rest Camp, Winchester, England, 8 December
 Southampton, England, 23 December
 American Rest Camp, Le Havre, France, 24 December
 Issoudun Aerodrome, France, 28 December
 La Noblette Aerodrome, France, 13 Feb 1918

 Bonne Maison Aerodrome, France, 8 April 1918
 Leffrinckouke Aerodrome, France, 30 April 1918
 Crochte Aerodrome, France, 6 June 1918
 Gengault Aerodrome (Toul), France, 30 June 1918
 Vaucouleurs Aerodrome, France, 7 August 1918
 Lisle-en-Barrois Aerodrome, France, 20 September 1918
 Foucaucourt Aerodrome, France, 6 November 1918
 Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome, France, 5 Jun 1919
 Brest, France, 6-19 Feb 1919
 Garden City, New York, 4-18 Mar 1919
 Undetermined, 19 March-18 Aug 1919

 94th Aero (later, 94th Pursuit) Squadron

 Kelly Field, Texas, 20 August 1917
 Aviation Concentration Center, Garden City, New York, 5–27 October 1917
 Liverpool, England, 10 November 1917
 British Rest Camp #2, Le Havre, France, 11 November 1917
 Reuilly Barracks, Paris, France, 18 November 1917
 Squadron divided into flights and sent to several locations in France for training
 Issoudun Aerodrome, France, 24 January 1918
 Epiez Aerodrome, France, 1 April 1918
 Gengault Aerodrome, Toul, France, 7 April 1918
 Touquin Aerodrome, France, 29 June 1918

 Saints Aerodrome, France, 9 July 1918
 Rembercourt Aerodrome, France, 30 August 1918
 Noers Aerodrome, Longuyon, France, 20 Nov 1918
 Coblenz Aerodrome, Germany, 31 Dec 1918
 Colombey-les-Belles Airdrome, France, 17 Apr 1919
 Le Mans, France, 5–18 May 1919
 Mitchel Field, New York, 1 Jun 1919
 Selfridge Field, Michigan, 27 June 1919
 Kelly Field, Texas, c. 31 August 1919
 Ellington Field, Texas, 1 July 1921
 Selfridge Field, Michigan, 1 July 1922 to consolidation.

 Consolidated Squadron

 Selfridge Field, Michigan, from consolidation in 1924
 San Diego Naval Air Station, California, 9 December 1941
 Long Beach Army Air Field, California, 6 February – 20 May 1942
 RAF Kirton in Lindsey, England, 10 June 1942
 RAF Ibsley, England, 27 August – 24 October 1942
 Tafaraoui Airfield, Algeria, 15 November 1942
 Nouvion Airfield, Algeria, 21 November 1942
 Youks-les-Bains Airfield, Algeria, 28 November 1942
 Detachments operated from Maison Blanche Airport, Algeria, 6–14 December 1942
 Biskra Airfield, Algeria, 14 December 1942
 Chateau-dun-du-Rhumel Airfield, Algeria, 14 February 1943
 Mateur Airfield, Tunisia, c. 20 June 1943
 Detachments operated from: Dittaino, Sicily, 6–18 September 1943
 Detachments operated from: Gambut, Libya, 4–12 October 1943
 Djedeida Airfield, Tunisia, c. 1 November 1943
 Monserrato, Sardinia, 29 November 1943

 Gioia del Colle Airfield, Italy, c. 10 December 1943
 Salsola Airfield, Italy, January 1944
 Detachments operated from: Aghione, Corsica, 10–18 August 1944
 Detachments operated from: Vincenzo Airfield, Italy, 9 January – 18 February 1945
 Lesina Airfield, Italy, 16 March 1945
 Marcianise, Italy, 26 September – 16 October 1945
 March Field (later, AFB), California, 3 July 1946
 Deployed at Ladd Field, Alaska, 13 October 1947 – 16 February 1948
 George AFB, California, 18 July 1950
 Selfridge AFB, Michigan, 18 August 1955
 Deployed at Osan AB, South Korea, c. 6 June – 17 November 1969
 Wurtsmith AFB, Michigan, 31 December 1969
 MacDill AFB, Florida, 1 July 1971
 Langley AFB, Virginia, 30 June 1975–present

Aircraft

103d Aero Squadron
 Spad VII, 1918
 Spad XIII, 1918

94th Aero (later, 94th Pursuit) Squadron
 Nieuport 28, 1918
 Spad XIII, 1918-1919
 Fokker D.VII, Albatros D.V, Pfalz D.III, and Roland D.VI, during 1919
 Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5, 1919–1922
 Curtiss JN-4, JN-6, Airco DH.4, Orenco D, and PW-5, during the period 1919 to consolidation in 1924
 Thomas-Morse MB-3, 1922 to consolidation in 1924

Consolidated Squadron
 Thomas-Morse MB-3, from consolidation in 1924 to 1925
 PW-8, 1924–1926
 P-1 Hawk, 1925–1931
 P-2 Hawk, P-3 Hawk, and P-5 Hawk, 1926–1931
 Boeing P-12, 1930–1932
 P-6 Hawk, 1932
 Berliner-Joyce P-16, 1932–1934
 P-6 Hawk, P-26 Peashooter, and Consolidated P-30 (PB-2), 1934–1938
 Seversky P-35, 1934–1941
 P-36 Hawk, 1938–1940
 P-40 Warhawk (and probably P-43 Lancer), 1939–1941
 P-38 Lightning, 1941–1945
 P-80 Shooting Star, 1946–1949
 F-86D Sabre Interceptor, 1949–1960
 F-106 Delta Dart, 1960–1971
 F-4 Phantom II, 1971–1975
 F-15 Eagle, 1976–2005
 F-22A Raptor, 2006–present


George Smith (footballer, born 1902)

George Smith (1902 – after 1926) was an English professional association football player of the 1920s.

Born in Liverpool, he joined Liverpool in 1922 from Runcorn, but never started a match for the "Reds" in The Football League.  In 1923 he joined Gillingham of the Football League Third Division South, where he spent one season.  He then moved to Tranmere Rovers, where he made 35 Football League appearances.  After a short spell with Coventry City, he returned to first club Runcorn.


Nomology

In philosophy, nomology (from the Greek νόμος, law, and λόγος, reason) is concerned with the thinking process of the mind.   The Oxford English Dictionary defines nomology as the 'branch of science and philosophy concerned with the laws or principles governing the operation of the mind, especially as defined by custom or culture'.

The name nomology may come from Aristotle (Aristotle, 1995).  The ‘-ology’ suffix implies ‘order’, ‘word’ and ‘reason’, and is about being subjectively reasonable or ‘logical’ as in sociology and psychology. The ‘nom-’ part implies ‘rule’ and ‘law’, and is about being objectively lawful or ‘nomical’ as in economics.  A nomological approach requires taking account of both subjective and objective aspects in a decision. Nomology provides the framework for building a nomological network of relationships between constructs in decision making.

In the mid-19th century, nomology was described as one of two grand divisions of philosophy, the other being metaphysics.

"The Laws by which our faculties are governed, to the end that we may obtain a criterion by which to judge or to explain their procedures and manifestations, we have a science which we may call the Nomology of Mind, - Nomological Psychology”.


Shootin' Injuns

Shootin' Injuns is a 1925 American short silent comedy film directed by Robert F. McGowan. It was the 38th Our Gang short subject released.

Plot
The gang decides to run away from home and go shoot Indians, despite their parents' warnings. Traveling at night in the rain proves to be to eerie for the gang. They seek refuge into a nearby house, unaware that the home is actually an inventor's model for a gimmick-laden "magnetic house" in the process of being sold to an amusement park. The terrifying contrivances frighten the gang beyond their wits and they attempt to flee. Their parents eventually arrive to remedy the situation and end up getting involved with the gimmickry as well.

Cast

The Gang
 Mickey Daniels – Mickey, alias General Custer
 Jackie Condon – Jackie, alias Daniel Boone
 Joe Cobb – Joe, alias Sheriff "Buckshot" Joe
 Johnny Downs – Johnny, alias Davy Crockett
 Allen Hoskins – Farina, alias Pancho Farino
 Mary Kornman – Mary
 Eugene Jackson – Pineapple
 Pal the Dog – Himself

Additional cast
 Richard Daniels – W. R. Jones, inventor
 Jack Gavin – father
 William Gillespie – father
 "Tonnage" Martin Wolfkeil – Joe's father


Mitchiners Crossroads, North Carolina

Mitchiners Crossroads is an unincorporated community in western Franklin County, North Carolina, United States. It is located east of Franklinton, at an elevation of 371 feet (113 m). The primary cross roads where the community is located are West River Road (SR 1211), Perry's Chapel Church Road (SR 1003), Sims Bridge Road (SR 1003) and Will Mitchiner Road (SR 1222).


Ballin' (Young Jeezy song)

"Ballin'" is a song by American rapper Young Jeezy from the deluxe edition of his fourth studio album, Thug Motivation 103: Hustlerz Ambition. It features rapper Lil Wayne and peaked at number 57 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 15 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

Music video
The music video for "Ballin'" was directed by Colin Tilley, and was released on July 10, 2011.

Remixes
An unofficial remix of Ballin features Houston rapper Trae tha Truth in May 2011.

Charts

Release history


Bullets of Love

Bullets of Love is a 2001 Hong Kong action thriller film produced and directed by Andrew Lau and starring Leon Lai and Asaka Seto.

Plot
Hong Kong Regional Crime Unit inspector Sam Lam (Leon Lai) rapidly raids a transnational criminal organisation and capturing its leader, Night (Terence Yin). Although his crimes were heinous, Night spends a huge sum a team of clever lawyers to defend him, causing the efforts Sam's fiancé, Ann (Asaka Seto), who is the prosecutor of the case, coming to no avail. Eventually, Night received a light sentence of five years imprisonment. Holding a grudge against Sam and Ann for putting him in prison, Night schemes with his older brother, Day (Richard Sun), to orchestrate a plan for revenge.

After the conclusion of the case, Ann and Sam takes a vacation to Paris. Unexpected to them, Day sends a killer who shoots and kills Ann, who was riding an elevator, but does not kill Sam. Ann's death causes Sam to grieve abnormally. Sam decides to quit his job in the police force and opens a bar in Tai O, leading a reclusive life.

Two years later, Sam meets You (Asaka Seto), a Japanese tourist who looks exactly like Ann. Sam cannot help but fall in love with her. One day, Sam accidentally discovers a secret about You, while on the other hand, Night, who won an appeal on his case, was released early and is determined to get back at Sam.

Cast
Leon Lai as Inspector Sam Lam
Asaka Seto as Ann / You
Sandy Lam as the voice of Ann
Terence Yin as Night / Wong Po
Michael Chan as Uncle Ox
Frankie Ng as Uncle Tiger
Hayawaka Saki as The Assassin
Richard Sun as Day / Wong Fung
Ronald Cheng as Ma
Alexander Chan as Ho Ma
Tony Ho as Band Member
Yu Ka-ho as Band Member
Benjamin Yuen as Band Member
Alan Ko
Michael Tse as Cop shot in the street
Poon Hang-sang
Gary Mak
Ankee Leung
Danny Chan
Ho Ka-fai as Policeman
Law Shu-kei as Judge
Prudence Kao as Jojo
Chow Mei-shing as Mao
Ben Yuen as Night's lawyer
Vincent Chik
Luk Oi-ling
Pauline Yeung

Reception

Critical
Earl Cresssey of DVD Talk rated the film a score of 3.5 out of 5 stars and praises the developed characters, action sequences and suspenseful storyline, while also noting a few logic problems. LoveHKFilm gave the film a mixed review criticizing its emotional hooks and Leon Lai's performances, but praises the performances of Asaka Seto and the supporting cast.

Box office
The film grossed HK$3,587,266 at the Hong Kong box office during its theatrical run from 27 September to October 17, 2001.


Grossera

Grossera is a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1903. It is native to Madagascar and to mainland tropical Africa.

Species
 Grossera angustifolia Barbera&Riina - Equatorial Guinea
 Grossera elongata Hutch.  - Príncipe
 Grossera glomeratospicata J.Léonard - East Congo
 Grossera macrantha Pax - East Congo, West Congo, Cameroon, Central African Rep.
 Grossera major Pax - Cameroon
 Grossera multinervis J.Léonard - East Congo, São Tomé
 Grossera paniculata Pax - West Congo, Cameroon, Gabon
 Grossera perrieri Leandri - Madagascar
 Grossera vignei Hoyle - Ivory Coast, Ghana, West Congo

formerly included
moved to Cavacoa
 G. aurea - Cavacoa aurea
 G. baldwinii - Cavacoa baldwinii
 G. quintasii - Cavacoa quintasii


Alain Fournier

Alain Fournier (1943–2000) was a computer graphics researcher.

Biography
Alain Fournier was born on November 5, 1943, in Lyon, France. He was married twice, first to Beverly Bickle (married 1968, divorced 1984) and later to Adrienne Drobnies, with whom he had one daughter, Ariel.

Fournier's early training was in chemistry, culminating in a B.Sc. from INSA, France in 1965. After emigrating from France to Montreal, Quebec, Canada in the 1970s, he co-wrote a textbook on chemistry, and taught the subject in Quebec. His career in computer graphics spanned only about 20 years. In 1980 he received a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Texas at Dallas under the supervision of Zvi Meir Kedem, and with Donald Fussell and Loren Carpenter reported the results of his Ph.D. work on stochastic modelling in a seminal paper in 1980. He then went on to an outstanding academic career, first at the University of Toronto as part of the Dynamic Graphics Project and subsequently at the University of British Columbia. He has contributed to ACM Transactions on Graphics as an author, as co-guest editor of a special issue in 1987, and, from 1990 to 1992, as an associate editor.

Fournier made contributions to computer graphics dealing with modelling of natural phenomena.  He advocated a methodology that required validation against real visual phenomena. He once called his approach impressionistic graphics and it both revolutionized the field and drove it forward.  An example is his beautiful paper (with Bill Reeves) on the depiction of ocean waves. His subsequent work dealt with illumination models, light transport, rendering, and sampling and filtering.

Fournier died of lymphoma in the early hours of August 14, 2000, in Vancouver.

The SIGGRAPH 2001 Proceedings were dedicated to Fournier.

The first Alain Fournier Award for the best Canadian doctoral dissertation in computer graphics was awarded to Michael P. Neff on June 8, 2006, at the Graphics Interface 2006 conference in Quebec City.

Publications
Fournier published 32 scholarly papers about computer graphics.

Bibliography for Alain Fournier

Photo
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/nest/imager/imager-web/Dedications/Alain/AlainExpress.gif


Sacred Heart Church, Manama

The Sacred Heart Church () is a Roman Catholic parish in Manama, Bahrain. The church is one of only two Roman Catholic churches in Bahrain (the other being the Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Visitation in Awali). The Sacred Heart Church serves an estimated 140,000 people. The Parish Priest is Rev. Fr. Xavier D'Souza.

History

In January, 1938 or 1939, His Excellency Giovanni Tirinanzi, Apostolic Vicar of Arabia, then based in Aden, came to Bahrain to meet the Emir of Bahrain, Sheikh Hamad Bin Isa Al Khalifa, with plans to build a church in Bahrain. The foundation stone for the new church was laid on June 9, 1939. Father Luigi Magliacani, whom Tirinnanzi knew as an expert in the building of churches, was called to Bahrain and given the responsibility of building the church. In just six months, the church, the priests' residence, and the Sacred Heart School, were built.

The first mass, a Christmas midnight mass, was held in the new church. It was formally consecrated on March 3, 1940. The parish was the first Catholic church in the Persian Gulf.

The Comboni Missionary Sisters arrived in May 1953 and were given the role of maintaining the school. The school is now run by the Apostolic Carmelite Sisters.

As economy in the Persian Gulf region grew due to the discovery of oil reserves, more Catholic migrant workers arrived in Bahrain. To cater to their needs, Saint Barth's Hall was built in 1958 to provide a place for social gatherings and to house the clergy.

Through the next 30 years, the number of Catholics grew in the region, mainly expatriates and migrant workers from South and Southeast Asia. The parish underwent major expansion under the leadership of Fr. Felicio Diniz, with the construction of the main church building in 1990. Other major developments include the building of the parish community center and the Third Millennium building.

Current status

The church caters mainly to the large expatriate population in Bahrain. Many parishioners have nationalities from India, the Philippines, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Arabs (mostly from Lebanon but also from Palestine and Syria). Services are conducted primarily in English, although there are services conducted in French, Spanish, Arabic, Malayalam, Tamil, Konkani, Filipino, Telugu, and Sinhala.

The church also hosts a number of communal activities, the most famous of which is the Family Day festival which occurs in the first week of February every year.


Men with Sword

Men with Sword () is a 2016 Chinese web series produced by Sohu and premiered on August 14, 2016 with 30 episodes. The all-male cast is mainly composed by members of the Taiwanese boy band SpeXial, including Eden Zhao, Evan Ma, Dylan Xiong, Ian Yi, Simon Lian, Wayne Huang and Win Feng.

A second season, also of thirty episodes, was released on June 15, 2017. The series focuses on the power struggle of different Kings and their closest confidants, as they must choose between loyalty, love and revenge.

Synopsis
After more than three centuries, the Empire of Juntian begins to collapse, as three of the four major duchies - Tianquan, Tianshu, and Tianxuan - declare their independence. Ling Guang, the power-hungry king of Tianxuan, sends his close companion, the swordsman Qiu Zhen, to assassinate the Emperor. Although Qiu Zhen succeeds, he is tormented over his actions and kills himself in order to protect his king from malicious rumors, sending Ling Guang into a deep state of depression. The death of the Emperor prompts the final duke, Jian Bin, to declare his duchy Tianji an independent kingdom as well. In Tianshu, the warrior scholar Zhong Kunyi becomes a confidant of the young king Meng Zhang, who orders him to begin undermining Tianji. Meanwhile, a mysterious wandering musician of renowned beauty called Murong Li arrives in remote Tianquan, where he is doted upon by the naive and childish king Zhi Ming, who quickly becomes romantically obsessed with him.

An uneasy balance settles among the four kingdoms, maintained mostly by the military genius of Tianji's general Qi Zhikan and the political acumen of Tianxuan's deputy prime minister, Gongsun Qian. To everyone's surprise however, a fifth nation, Nansu, reveals itself when its king, Yu Qing, requests official recognition from the other four kingdoms. As the four swordsmen travel to Nansu, shifting alliances, deep emotions, and a carefully-laid conspiracy of revenge spur the world towards war.

Cast
Eden Zhao as Gongsun Qian, Deputy Prime Minister of Tianxuan
Lu Yunfeng as Ling Guang, King of Tianxuan
Simon Lian as Qiu Zhen, warrior of Tianxuan and Ling Guang's close confidant
Evan Ma as Jian Bin, King of Tianji
Ian Yi as Qi Zhikan, Chief General of Tianji
Dylan Xiong as Zhong Kunyi, agricultural minister of Tianshu
Peng Yuchang as Meng Zhang, King of Tianshu
Ash Zhu as Zhi Ming, King of Tianquan. He falls deeply in love with Murong Li
Zha Jie as Murong Li, Prince of Yaoguang and the sole survivor of the Royal Family
Wayne Huang as Yu Qing, King of Nansu
Lin Fengsong as Yu Qing (second season)
Win Feng as Qi Kun, Emperor of Juntian
Yang Guang as Wei Xuanchen, the Prime Minister of Tianxuan
Ren Xuehai as Ruomu Hua, Tianji's Grand Master
Zhu Jiazhen as Su Han, the Prime Minister of Tianshu
Dai Xuyi as Su Yan, the nephew of Su Han and Zhong Kunyi's rival
Hu Gaofeng as Weng Tong, Tianquan's Grand Tutor
Guo Xin as Mo Lan, Tianquan's Magistrate (later governor)
Sun Yi as A-Xun, Murong Li's childhood friend and former love interest
Qin Junzhe as Yu Yuankai, Nansu's Grand Tutor
Li Xizi as Li Geng Chen, an assassin under the service of Murong Li

Second season
Yu Yijie as Yu Xiao, Yu Qing's younger brother and later King of Nansu. He develops an unrequited love towards Murong Li
Huang Qianshuo as Gu Shi'an, General of Tianxuan
Xue Xianyun as Fang Ye, loyal subordinate and personal bodyguard of Murong Li
Liu Tong as Zi Yu, Prince of Liuli
Chen Yucheng as Gen Mo Chi, Zhong Kunyi's student
Liang Bowen as Xiao Ran, General of Yaoguang
Feng Jianyu as Zuo Yi, King of Kaiyang
Xiao Meng as Qian Yuan, the talented yet mysterious inventor of Kaiyang
Wang Yuqi as Luo Min, Zhong Kunyi's student
Liu Yuzhong as Chu Hang, Tianxuan's loyal soldier

Reception

The series was filmed during the summer of 2016. In July, the first promotional poster was released, followed by other posters and trailers featuring the characters in the following days. Despite its low budget and cast of amateur actors —seven of which were members of the Taiwanese boy band SpeXial—, the series became highly successful and received generally positive reviews. The show had over 200 million views during the premiere of the twelfth episode, while the whole drama accumulated 430 million views in total, becoming one of the ten most popular series of Sohu throughout its transmission.

However, it has suffered from interference by Chinese censors. The show was taken offline after it became popular and made available again shortly after, with a number of cuts censoring romantic scenes between the male characters.


Andrew Hunt (politician)

Andrew Hunt is an American nanotechnology businessman who was the Libertarian Party of Georgia's candidate in the 2014 Georgia gubernatorial election. He is the grandson of H.L. Hunt and has a PhD from Georgia Tech. In August 2014, it was revealed that despite Hunt being a strong supporter of limited government, his own technology company received millions of dollars in research grants from the federal government. These grants "kept [Hunt's business] afloat and ultimately made it profitable," according to Nicholas Fouriezos of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. In the 2014 race, Hunt received 2.4% of the vote.


Juan de Mariana

Juan de Mariana , also known as Father Mariana (25 September 1536 – 17 February 1624), was a Spanish Jesuit priest, Scholastic, historian, and member of the Monarchomachs.

Life
Juan de Mariana was born in Talavera, Kingdom of Toledo. He studied at the Complutense University of Alcalá de Henares and was admitted at the age of 17 into the Society of Jesus.

In 1561, he went to teach theology in Rome, reckoning among his pupils Robert Bellarmine, afterwards cardinal; then passed into Sicily; and in 1569 he was sent to Paris, where his expositions of the writings of Thomas Aquinas attracted large audiences. In 1574, owing to ill health, he obtained permission to return to Spain; the rest of his life being passed at the Jesuits' house in Toledo in vigorous literary activity.  He died in Madrid.

Works
Mariana's great work, Historiae de rebus Hispaniae, first appeared in twenty books at Toledo in 1592; ten books were subsequently added (1605), bringing the work down to the accession of Charles V in 1519, and in a still later abstract of events the author completed it to the accession of Philip IV in 1621. It was so well received that Mariana was induced to translate it into Spanish (the first part in 1601; completed, 1609; English translation by J. Stevens, 1699).

Mariana's Historiae, though in many parts uncritical, is regarded for its research, accuracy, sagacity and style. Of his other works the most interesting is the treatise De rege et regis institutione (On the king and the royal institution, Toledo, 1598).In its sixth chapter the question whether it is lawful to overthrow a tyrant is freely discussed and answered in the affirmative, a circumstance which brought much odium upon the Jesuits, especially after the assassination of Henry IV of France, in 1610. A volume entitled Tractatus VII. theologici et historici (published by Mariana in Cologne in 1609, containing in particular a tract, De morte et immortalitate, and another, De monetae mutatione (On the Alteration of Money)) was put upon the Index Expurgatorius, and led to the confinement of its author by the Inquisition. It has been suggested that either the De rege et regis institutione or the De monetae mutatione influenced Chapter 29 of Part One of Cervantes's Don Quijote. During his confinement there was found among his papers a criticism upon the Jesuits, which was printed after his death as Discursus de erroribus qui in forma gubernationis societatis Jesu occurrunt (A discourse on the sickness of the Jesuit order, Bordeaux, 1625), and was reprinted by order of Charles III when he banished the Jesuits from Spain.

According to Marjorie Grice-Hutchinson, an academic economist specializing in the School of Salamanca, Juan de Mariana and the Spanish scholastics provided much of the theoretical basis for Austrian School economic thought.

Works in English translation
 "A Treatise on the Alteration of Money," Journal of Markets and Morality, Vol. V, No. 2, Fall 2002.

 "On the Coinage," Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, Vol. XXI, No. 2, Summer 2018.


Sergey Kramarenko (footballer, born 1946)

Sergey Sergeyevich Kramarenko (; 20 May 1946 – 25 March 2008) was a Soviet football player who played the majority of his career in Azerbaijan as a goalkeeper for PFC Neftchi Baku. He was classified as a Master of Sport of the USSR in 1966 following Neftchi's third-place finish in the Soviet Top League that year. He was born in Moscow.

Kramarenko holds the Azerbaijani football record for the most games played in the Soviet Top League with 312 caps.  The keeper was unofficially named Azerbaijan's Player of the Year once, in 1970.

Following his playing career, which included stints for the Ukrainian side FC Chornomorets Odessa and another Azeribaijani club FK Khazar Lenkoran, Kramarenko became football manager for Khazar Lenkoran and for another, smaller Azerbaijani club.  He was named manager of Neftchi in 1993. He died in March 2008 in Moscow.

He was the father of Dmitry Kramarenko, who played was a goalkeeper, most notable for Dinamo Moscow and the Azerbaijan national football team.


Skierniewice Voivodeship

Skierniewice Voivodeship () was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1975 to 1998, superseded by Łódź Voivodeship and Masovian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Skierniewice.

Major cities and towns (population in 1995)
 Skierniewice (47,900)
 Żyrardów (43,500)
 Sochaczew (39,700)
 Łowicz (31,500)


Pseudocrates antisphena

Pseudocrates antisphena is a moth in the family Lecithoceridae. It was described by Meyrick in 1918. It is found in southern India.

The wingspan is about 13 mm. The forewings are light brownish, sprinkled blackish-fuscous except in the disc, especially along the costa, forming small groups of scales on the margins towards the apex. The stigmata are large and blackish, the plical beyond the first discal and more or less completely united with it to form an oblique subtriangular blotch, edged whitish posteriorly, the second discal triangular, edged laterally whitish. The hindwings grey-whitish, becoming pale
grey posteriorly.


The Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy (, ), or I.A.O., is a transnational, inter-parliamentary institution that in 1994 was established as European Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy (EIAO).

Based in Athens, Greece, the Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy constitutes a permanent communication structure between parliamentarians of the members' states aiming at unity in diversity of Orthodox Christians on the basis of the principles and values of Christianity and democracy.

History

Inspired by a conference held from 30 June to 4 July 1993 in Chalkidiki on the topic of "Orthodoxy in the New European Reality", the European Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy was formed on initiative of the Hellenic Parliament. Following the 1993 Manifesto of the Participants, the official Founding Act was passed by the participants of the Founding Synod held in November 1994 in Athens. After in 2001, groups of MPs from Australia, Asia, Africa and the U.S.A. participated in the General Assembly, the organization was then renamed Interparliamentary Assembly on Orthodoxy (I.A.O.).

During the 2004 General Assembly in Kiev, Ukraine, in June 2004, it was decided to seek cooperation with the Parliamentary Union of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (P.U.I.C.). A co-operation agreement was drafted at an Athens meeting of the two organizations on March 22, 2005. On 19 May 2010, a cooperation agreement with the Pan-African Parliament was signed by PUIC's President Idriss Ndele Moussa and I.A.O.'s Secretary-General Anastasios Nerantzis

Massive protests broke out during the 2019 General Assembly in Tbilisi, Georgia, after the chairman of the assembly, a Russian communist named Sergei Gavrilov, made a number of public statements that were viewed by the Georgian public as denigrating Georgian sovereignty.

Institutional bodies

General Assembly
Supreme organ of the I.A.O. is the General Assembly consisting of the delegations of all member parliaments. It convenes annually in June. The President of the General Assembly is elected for a two-year tenure by the plenary session of the Assembly. The General Assembly convenes once annually during the month of June.

 Presidents of the General Assembly

 since 2004: Sergei Popov ( State Duma, United Russia)

International Secretariat
The International Secretariat appoints eight standing committees. It is headed by the Secretary-General, the Alternate Secretary and the Treasurer, and consists of additional five members.

 Secretary-General: Anastasios Nerantzis ( Hellenic Parliament, Nea Demokratia)
 Alternate Secretary: Ioannis Amanatidis ( Hellenic Parliament, Syriza)
 Treasurer: Maria Kollia-Tsaroucha ( Deputy Minister for Macedonia and Thrace, ANEL)

Member countries
The Assembly currently consists of parliamentary committees of 21 countries, mostly from Eastern Europe, including:

Additionally, delegations from Australia, Asia, Africa and the United States have been participating in the Assembly.

Cooperation agreements
The I.A.O. has signed several cooperation agreements with various international organizations, including:
 Parliamentary Union of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, since March 2005
 Parliamentary Assembly of the Union State, since November 2011
 Pan-African Parliament, since May 2011
 Interparliamentary Assembly of the Eurasian Economic Union, since November 2011
 Parliamentary Assembly of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (PABSEC), observer status mutually granted
 Inter-Parliamentary Union, observer status mutually granted
 Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean, Memorandum of Understanding since February 2019

The I.A.O has also participated in United Nations General Assembly conferences, has signed cooperation treaties with the parliaments of Egypt, Iran and Lebanon, as well as explored future cooperation with the Baltic Assembly, the European Parliament and the International Catholic Legislators Network: ICLN.


Bernardo O. Dagala

Bernardo O. Dagala (August 20, 1869  August 16, 1966) was a Filipino politician who served as the President of the Municipality of Navotas, from 1903 until 1905.


Edward Goll

Edward Goll (4 February 188411 January 1949) was a Bohemian pianist who settled in Australia in his late 20s and became a noted piano teacher at the Melbourne University Conservatorium of Music.  His students included Margaret Sutherland, Waldemar Seidel and Dot Mendoza. He was also the target of anti-German feeling during World War I, despite having become a British subject at the start of the war.

Biography
Edward Goll was born in 1884 in Kaaden, Bohemia, Austro-Hungarian Empire (now Kadaň, Czech Republic).  His first instrument was the violin, which he studied under Otakar Ševčík; he gave his first concert at the age of nine.  He entered the Prague Conservatory, where his focus changed to the piano, and where he was one of only a handful of personal students of Antonín Dvořák.  He later had tuition from Emil von Sauer, a student of Franz Liszt.  Goll was considered a wunderkind in his time, and often played for Queen Marie of Romania, who showered him with honours and gifts.

At the age of 20 he was appearing in concerts in Paris under Arthur Nikisch and in London under Hans Richter and Henry J. Wood.  He later formed a piano trio with the violinist Jan Kubelík and the cellist Leopold Schwab, with whom he toured Europe.

In 1911, Edward Goll was accompanist to the Welsh tenor Ben Davies on his tour of Australia.  In Melbourne he fell in love with a local widow, and they married early the following year, honeymooning in England, and making Melbourne their home.  In 1915 Henri Verbrugghen, the inaugural Director of the New South Wales State Conservatorium of Music in Sydney, offered Goll a post there, but he accepted an alternative offer from the University of Melbourne Conservatorium, and also became musical director for Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne.

He became a British subject in August 1914, a week after the outbreak of World War I. Despite this, his Germanic background led to a campaign of press vilification and a petition demanding that PLC dismiss him.  The petition was rejected. After the war, Goll took refresher lessons from Eugen d'Albert in Europe and toured in the United States with the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra and Henri Verbrugghen. Another American tour was planned to follow World War II, but this was abandoned.

He was an advocate for constant and unremitting practice; he was said to have spent five weeks practising one line of music. His students at the Conservatorium included Margaret Sutherland, Waldemar Seidel (the teacher of Noel Mewton-Wood, Don Banks, Peggy Glanville-Hicks and others), Nancy Weir, George Vern Barnett and Linda Phillips.

In the early 1930s he left the Conservatorium after a disagreement.  He left PLC in 1935, and taught privately for the rest of his life.  His private students included Judy Hall. He died in 1949, aged 64.

From as early as 1902 Goll made a large number of 78 recordings, now held by the National Library of Australia, but very few are currently available; his recording of two pieces by Max Reger has been released on CD.

Cyril Scott's 1912 realisation of Sumer Is Icumen In was dedicated to Edward Goll.

The musicologist Elina Yasumoto has written a memoir titled Edward Goll: A Light in Dark Times.