MainStreet (band)

MainStreet was a Dutch boy band. The group consisted of Nils Käller, Daan Zwierink, Owen Playfair and Rein van Duivenboden. The group gained fame by participating in the Junior Songfestival 2012 and quickly became popular in the Netherlands. Their fans are called Mainiacs.

History

2011–2013: Forming the band and Junior songfestival
Main Street was created in 2011 after Käller, Zwierink, Playfair and van Duivenboden individually auditioned for the first season of The Voice Kids.

Because the four boys are from across the Netherlands, it was initially difficult to work together, as they had, in addition to their music, school and other activities that they are doing. The four boys finally managed to get actively engaged with each other, and wrote the song "Stop the time". With this song, they entered the Junior Songfestival 2012, the Dutch national selection for the Junior Eurovision Song Contest. With 32 points in the semi-final they came first, ahead of the other 3 contestants. Ultimately MainStreet came third in the final. It received the fewest points from the children's juries, but the most points from televoting. MainStreet is the first act in ten years of the Junior Eurovision, whose single was already in the Top 100 Charts without a winner yet designated. To date, only the singles of the winners after the final made it to the Single Top 100. The video for Stop the time is the most viewed video in Junior Song Festival history with almost 5 million views to date.

2013-2014: Recorddeal and debut album
On 30 January, the boys signed a record deal with New Skool Records, a new label formed by Future presidents in collaboration with Universal.
The second single Mind is blown was released on 15 February and the debut album followed on 29 March.
Mind is blown enters the single charts at number 8 and it is the definitive breakthrough for the boys in The Netherlands. The musicvideo reaches over 4,5 million views on YouTube and there is hysteria everywhere the boys go.
The album Breaking The Rules enters at number one in the album charts and becomes one of the most successful albums of the year.

Two concerts went on sale on 2 February and sold out in the recordtime of 11 minutes.
Shortly after they announced a tour titled The MainTour which also sold out rapidly.

On 13 April they opened for Justin Bieber Believe tour at the Gelredome for over 30.000 people.

The single Despicable Me, written by Pharrell Williams was released as the official titlesong for the movie Despicable Me 2. Despicable Me 2 became the most popular movie of the year and the single entered the singles charts at number 15.
YouTube views of the musicvideo exceed 1,2 million views.

On 20 September they release another titlesong, this time for the new hit Disney Series Violetta. The musicvideo for The World is Mine premiered on the Disney Channel and scored the highest ratings to date.

The fifth single from the successful album Breaking the Rules was released on 8 November. The song Hell's a lot like Love was co-written by Jorgen Elofsson, known for writing hits for Kelly Clarkson, Westlife, Britney Spears and many others.
This new version of the song is featured on the deluxe edition of the album including a DVD. The special edition entered at number 8 on the albumcharts.

On 19 December the album track My Main Girl was added as a DLC to the popular videogame Just Dance 2014. MainStreet is the first Dutch act to have their song added to a Just Dance game.

The boys end the year with the biggest concert ever given by a Dutch boyband. 6000 fans came to see the boys in the Americahal in Apeldoorn on 22 December.

2014-2016: Living Our Dream and Runaway

On 18 January, MainStreet performs at the critically acclaimed Eurosonic Festival. The performance even makes the 8 o clock news that night.

The new single Dreamers is the first of four singles to be released in four months time. The song talks about bullying and the boys become ambassadeurs of anti bullying. They also launch the first national online forum where kids can, anonymously, talk about problems at home or at school. The song premiered on national radio station 3FM and they perform it for the first time on national TV during the BNN show Stop Pesten (Stop Bullying) on the national day against bullying.
The lyrics are inspired by actual stories read in fanmail letters to the boys.

The 2000 tickets for their show on 27 April in Vredenburg Leidsche Rijn in Utrecht is sold out within two weeks.
They announced the 2014 MainTour straight after.

The documentary movie Living Our Dream was released in cinemas on 31 May. All tickets sold out and the DVD release entered at number one on the DVD charts shortly after.

The boys release three other singles; Miss Wonderful, All We Wanna Do and The Missing Piece.
And on 10 October they release their first English single Runaway. It shoots into the top 3 on iTunes straight away.
The second album, also titled Runaway, was released a week later and entered the album charts at number 3.

On 16 November MainStreet became the first band in history to release a fanfiction book through publisher Kluitman. The story MainStreet - Een onverwacht spannende vakantie was originally written by one of their fans and re-written by the author Victioria Farkas. Hundreds of fanfiction stories were sent in by fans.

On 27 November the boys announced a new concert at TivoliVredenburg in Utrecht on 5 April 2015.
The 2000 tickets were also sold out quickly.

2015-2016: Ambassadeurs of Freedom and Break-up
On 17 January 3FM DJ Paul Rabbering announced the ambassadeurs of freedom for 2015 at Eurosonic. Each year a few of the most successful artists or bands in The Netherlands are chosen for the honor to perform at several liberation festivals on 5 May. They are flown by military helicopters from one venue to the next. MainStreet shares the honor with Caro Emerald, Dotan and Jett Rebel.

On 15 April (Nils' Birthday) the new single 'Ticket to the Moon' premiered at one of the most popular radio shows in the country, Giel Beelen at radio 3FM.
The single is released on 24 April and within hours it reached top 10 on iTunes. The single is the titlesong for the upcoming Dutch movie SpangaS in Actie'.

On 1 May the boys are in charge of newspaper Metro

On the same day the new EP #PLAY is released and tops the iTunes charts.

The musicvideo for 'Dear Kitty (Song for Anne)' premieres at the Metro news website. The lyrics talk about Kitty, Anne Frank's diary and has been written especially for theater piece ANNE. The boys will also play the song at the liberation Festivals on 5 May.

In April 2016 the band announced they were breaking up.

Members

Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist


Choreutis inscriptana

Choreutis inscriptana is a moth in the family Choreutidae. It was described by Snellen in 1875. It is found on Malacca and Sulawesi.


Novofetinino

Novofetinino () is a rural locality (a village) in Kolchuginsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 9 as of 2010. There are 6 streets.


Pristina railway station

Pristina railway station (, ) is the central railway station in the city of Pristina, the capital of Kosovo. It opened on Tirana Boulevard (formerly 'Omladinskih Brigada') in 1936, having been constructed by a French/British company. Trains calling at the station are operated by Trainkos sh.a.

The line on which the station sits is single-track, laid to standard gauge, but there is a loop at the station, allowing trains to pass there, with a second, parallel, loop lying out-of-use as of October 2016.

A daily international train runs between Pristina and Skopje, in Macedonia.

Pristina is also served by the larger Kosovo Polje railway station at nearby Kosovo Polje.

Events

During the era when Kosovo was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, the country's leader Marshall Tito occasionally visited Pristina, arriving on his personal Blue Train.

During the 1999 Kosovo War, Serbian and Yugoslav regular forces, in conjunction with paramilitaries, conducted large-scale ethnic cleansing of ethnic Albanian inhabitants of Pristina through the station. Many of those expelled were directed onto trains apparently brought there for the express purpose of deporting them to the border of the Republic of Macedonia, where they were forced into exile.

The station was restored by British soldiers, serving as part of KFOR, later in 1999.

Notes


CBS Studios International

CBS Studios International (formerly CBS Paramount International Television) is a multinational television production-distribution arm of CBS Television Studios and owned by ViacomCBS. It was formed in 2004 by Viacom as CBS Paramount International Television, a result of a merger between two television companies, CBS Broadcast International and Paramount International Television. Since September 26, 2006, the company has been part of the CBS Television Distribution Group. In May 2009, CBS Paramount International Television was renamed CBS Studios International.

The company distributes the CBS Studios library as well as the Rysher Entertainment library (owned domestically by Vine Alternative Investments), the King World Productions library (including Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune, distributed in behalf of Sony Pictures Television), and certain HBO shows internationally.

History
CBS Paramount International Television was formed in 2004 as a result of a merger between two television companies, CBS Broadcast International and Paramount International Television. In May 2009, CPITV was renamed CBS Studios International.

The company distributes the CBS Studios library as well as the Rysher Entertainment library (owned domestically by 2929 Entertainment), the King World Productions library and certain HBO shows internationally. On September 14, 2009, it was revealed that CBS Studios International struck a joint venture deal with Chellomedia to launch six CBS-branded channels in the UK during 2009. The new channels would replace Zone Romantica, Zone Thriller, Zone Horror and Zone Reality, plus timeshift services Zone Horror +1 and Zone Reality +1. CBS Reality, CBS Reality +1, CBS Drama and CBS Action launched on November 16, 2009, replacing Zone Reality, Zone Reality +1, Zone Romantica and Zone Thriller, respectively. On April 5, 2010, Zone Horror and Zone Horror +1 were rebranded as Horror Channel and Horror Channel +1.

CBS Studios International licenses rights for the top international formats.

In 2010, CBS Studios International went into an equal joint venture with Reliance Broadcast Network Limited to form Big CBS Networks Pvt. Ltd. The network operates a general entertainment channel, Big CBS Prime a youth-oriented channel, Big CBS Spark, and a women's and urban couple oriented channel, Big CBS Love.

In January 2011, CBS Studios International partnered with Australian company Ten Network Holdings to launch digital free-to-air channel Eleven. CBS Studios International held a 33% stake in the joint-venture company ElevenCo. Ten Network Holdings entered voluntary administration in June 2017. This ultimately led to CBS acquiring the entirety of Network Ten in November 2017. The network became a division of CBS Studios International.

On August 1, 2012, Chellomedia revealed that the European versions of Zone Romantica, Zone Reality and Club TV would be rebranded as CBS Drama, CBS Reality and CBS Action.

Shows distributed by CBSSI that are owned by other studios in USA
A handful of TV series in the CBS library were co-produced with other companies, in several cases, CBS only owns international rights. A listing of these shows and their American rights holders follow.

Distributed by Warner Bros. Television/HBO Enterprises in USA
Arliss (1996–2002)
Deadwood (2004–2006)
Oz (1997–2003)
Sex and the City (1998–2004)

Distributed by Debmar-Mercury in USA
The Dead Zone (2002–2007, TV rights handled by Lions Gate Entertainment division Debmar-Mercury in tandem with CBS)
Nurse Jackie (2009–2016)

Distributed by Sony Pictures Television in USA
Walker, Texas Ranger (1993–2001, CBS owns DVD rights in the USA)
The King of Queens (1998–2007, CBSSI does not own German rights - they're owned here by Koch Media)
Rules of Engagement (2007–2013)

Distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution in USA
Saved by the Bell (1989-1993)
The District (2000–04)
Kingpin (2003)
Worst Week (2008–09)

Distributed by Disney–ABC Domestic Television/20th Television in USA
Evening Shade (1990–1994, CBS owns the DVD rights in the USA)
Dave's World (1993–1997, CBS owns the DVD rights in the USA)
Martial Law (1998–2000)
Judging Amy (1999–2005)
Gary Unmarried (2008–2010)

Past activities
CBS Studios International had part ownership of former Australian subscription channels TV1 and SF Channel.

From 2006 to 2009, as CBS Paramount International Television, the company distributed the film libraries from Paramount Pictures and Republic Pictures.

It distributed the DreamWorks live-action library from 2006 to 2008.

In 2013, RTL Group and CBS Studios International announced its joint-venture as RTL CBS Asia Entertainment Network in Southeast Asia, with the launch of RTL CBS Entertainment in September 2013. However, in January 2018, Blue Ant Media acquired the joint venture and its channels.

Prior to December 4, 2019, it had the ownership in Australian television company Ten Network Holdings and all CBS-branded channels across Europe that co-owned with AMC Networks International; these TV assets now transferred to ViacomCBS Networks International, following the re-merger deal between CBS and Viacom to form the combined company called ViacomCBS.


Casey Farm

Casey Farm is a historic farm in Saunderstown, Rhode Island, United States.  It is now a historic museum property, operated by Historic New England, and is open to the public.

History
Casey Farm occupies a  tract of land that has been undivided in 300 years of ownership.  It extends the full width of the neck of land between the Narrow River and the West Passage of Narragansett Bay.  Its main house was built c. 1725-50 by Daniel Coggeshall, and became Silas Casey's when he married Coggeshall's daughter.  The property remained in the hands of Casey descendants until it was given to the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (SPNEA, now Historic New England).

The farm produced food for local and foreign markets. Located near Newport, Rhode Island Casey Farm had access to materials imported from England, enabling its early owners to live in a fashionable manner.  Prosperity ended with the burning of Newport during the American Revolutionary War, and the farm settled into a pattern of absentee ownership. Starting in the mid 19th century, the Casey family began to improve the farm. They leased the property to tenant farmers but retained two rooms in the house for their own occasional summer use, as they had come to regard the farm as their ancestral home.

Casey Farm was also the summer home and subsequently the burial place of Civil War general Silas Casey, military engineer Thomas Lincoln Casey and Washington, D.C. architect Edward Pearce Casey.

In 1955 the farm and Casey family papers were donated to the preservation organization Historic New England.

Visiting today
Today, hired farm hands raise organic vegetables, herbs, and flowers for subscribing households in a Community Supported Agriculture program. The guided tour includes the farmyard and cemetery, where six generations of Caseys are buried. The farm is owned by Historic New England.

The education personnel at Casey Farm also offer numerous programs for children during the school year and the summer. Staff members, which Historic New England calls "farm teachers," host various programs in the fall and springtime for schoolchildren. Casey Farm also partners with schools across Rhode Island by giving teachers and their students the opportunity to raise and hatch chicks in incubators each year. They call this partnership "Project Chick."  During the summer, Historic New England has various summer camp offerings at Casey Farm for children between the ages of 3 and 13. These camps include week-long day programs and single-day programs.


VHV Group

VHV Group (United Hanoverian Insurance Group; in German: Vereinigte Hannoversche Versicherung) is a German insurance and reinsurance company based in Hanover, specialising in provision non-life and life insurance as well. Its core businesses are all insurance services.
Today VHV Group operates primarily in Europe, Middle East and East Asia and especially in Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, Austria and Turkey. VHV is one of the twenty most important insurance companies in Germany, the leading German insurance company in the construction sector (market share of 23.6 percent) and one of the five major car insurance companies in Germany. Moreover, the VHV Group is the leading risk life insurer in Germany. VHV Group owns a network of subsidiaries, branches (e.g. Hamburg, Munich, Berlin, Cologne) and representative offices with a total staff of roughly 3,200, including 2,400 employees in Hanover. Due to the earning power of the VHV-Group and its capitalization level Standard and Poor's raised the rating on A+ Level in April 2017.
In 2016 the VHV was able to expand its contractual figures to over 10 million insurance contracts for the first time.

History

Development until 2003 - Independent Companies
The essential insurance companies, which belong to the VHV group are founded in 1875 and 1919 as mutual insurance companies.
The "VHV" was established as a self-help institution for the construction industry in 1919. Today VHV is the market leader in the field of construction and is also known as an insurer of major projects such as the Elbphilharmonie, Düsseldorf Stadtbahn or the Reichstag building.
In 1937, motor vehicle insurance was introduced at the VHV, which has developed into one of the most important lines of business today. In the 1950s, more than 24,000 companies signed an insurance policy with the VHV. This turned VHV insurance into the second largest liability insurer in Germany.
In order to insure cross-border construction projects in Austria, VHV founded its subsidiary VAV in 1973. In 1991, VHV successfully established the guarantee service, which in particular allows clients of the construction industry to increase their financial scope. The "Hannoversche" has emerged from the Prussian Official Association in 1875 and is known as Germany's oldest direct insurer. In 1935, the VHV Lebensversicherung also opened for people who were not Prussian officials. Each brand consists of independent companies.
 In 2003 both companies merged and became the VHV Group.

Development 2004-2009 - Restructuring
In 2004 the special insurer VHV Lebensversicherung AG was founded.
As a result of restructuring after the merger, VHV solutions GmbH was founded in 2005. VHV solutions is the central service company of the Group and is responsible for claims settlement and contract handling.
In 2006 VHV acquired the Wave Management AG headquartered in Hamburg,which
carries out the group's asset management.
The Group's asset management company, WAVE Management Inc., invests the funds that are generated by the insurance companies.
In order to enter the direct insurance market, the Hannoversche Direktversicherung AG, was founded and since autumn 2007, it has also been selling motor vehicle products especially via internet. In 2007, VHV also founded the Al Ahli Takaful Company in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, as a joint venture with the National Commercial Bank and the FWU.  In 2008 the VHV Group entered the French insurance market. In addition, a stake of 7.4 percent was acquired in the Swiss insurance company Nationale Suisse in 2008, which was the basis for a long-term cooperation.
Due to the rising number of customers and employees, a new headquarter was built at VHV-Platz 1, which was completed in 2009.

Development since 2009 - Digitization and internationalization

Since 2009 the VHV has strengthened its internationalization tendencies in order to reduce its dependency on the German insurance market.
In 2011 the Wave Management AG moved to Hannover and concentrated its business activities there.
Since 2012 VHV Group has had a liaison office in Turkey for 3 years, which has resulted in experience and overview regarding Turkish insurance market. In the Italian insurance market, VHV is intensifying its cooperation with the insurance company ITAS. In 2015 VHV-Group founded a reinsurance company, VHV Reasürans AŞ, in Istanbul to enter the Turkish insurance market. Moreover, the VHV Lebensversicherung was merged in 2015 with the Hannoverschen Lebensversicherung in order to reduce costs, which arise as a result of regulatory requirements.
In 2015 the VHV Group was the first important car insurance company in Germany, which offered a telematics tariff.
In addition the VHV Group is cooperating with various insurtechs e.g. wefox since 2017. In order to increase cost efficiency, Hannoversche Direktversicherung 2017 was merged with VHV Allgemeine Versicherung. At the same time, the largest digitization project "go digital" in the company's history was started. For the first time in 2017, more than 3 billion premiums were collected. One third of the premiums are for life insurance and two third for non-life insurance.

Subsidiaries

The VHV is a multi-brand group. The main subsidiaries of the group include:

 VHV Holding AG, Hannover (VHV Holding AG controls the strategic development and focus of the Group.)
 Hannoversche Lebensversicherung AG, Hannover (Hannoversche Lebensversicherung AG is the leading risk-life insurer in Germany.)
 VHV Allgemeine Versicherung AG, Hannover (The "VHV Allgemeine" is the composite insurance company of the VHV group.)
 WAVE Management AG, Hannover (Wave Management AG is the VHV Group's capital investments company.)
 VAV Versicherungs-AG, Vienna (VAV is a provider of non-life insurance in the Austrian market.)
 VHV Reasürans AŞ, Istanbul (VHV Reasürans is a reinsurance company, which mainly operates in Turkey.)
 Hannoversche Direktversicherung AG
 VHV solutions GmbH, Hannover (VHV solutions is the Group's central service company, bringing together all contract processing and claims settlement processes.)
 VVH Versicherungsvermittlung Hannover GmbH (VVH Versicherungsvermittlung is an insurance broker operating throughout Germany.)

Significant shareholdings

VHV holds a 34.02 per cent stake as a shareholder in NRV Rechtsschutz AG, located in Mannheim, which primarily offers legal expenses insurances. In addition the VHV is a shareholder of the E+S Reinsurance since 1995.
Since 2000, VHV has held a 25 percent stake in Deutsche Rück Schweiz AG.
The VHV has a sponsoring membership in the Italian ITAS insurance group. Both companies develop services and products especially for the Italian market.

Key Data of the VHV Group (HGB)

Products
VHV provides various composite insurance in the areas of property, liability, casualty and technical insurance as well as motor vehicle insurance. Moreover, credit insurance and cyber insurance are sold. Further VHV is the only German insurance company, which offers a ten-year warranty insurance (R.C. Décennale) according to French law. VHV Versicherungen's main sales channels are brokers/agencies (more than 14.000) as well as specialized inhouse sales force for their clients from the construction industry. In contrast, Hannover Life Insurance mainly sells its products directly via the Internet.
In 2015,2017,2018, and 2019 VHV was one of the most popular German insurance brands.

Management
The Chairman of the VHV Group has been Uwe H. Reuter since 2003. The Chairman of the Supervisory Board has been Peter Lütke-Bornefeld since 2014.

Foundation
Since December 1, 2014 a VHV Foundation promotes projects in the fields of education, integration, culture and science.


Thymus pannonicus

Thymus pannonicus, known by its common name Hungarian thyme or Eurasian thyme, is a perennial herbaceous plant, distributed in central and eastern Europe and Russia. It grows over open dry meadows, grasslands, and rocks.

In Serbia, this plant species contributes to several xerothermous grass formations which develop on warm, dry silicate terrains at altitude above , mostly over plains or mild slopes, on acidic soils derived from crystalline albite-muscovite schist and gneiss-like granite. In southern Banat (Serbia), the dried herb is used to make tasty and refreshing herbal tea drinks, owing to its peculiar and pleasant lemon-like scent. Fresh leaves are used for aromatisation of homemade jams, candies and similar confections. Traditionally, it is used also for coughs and other respiratory complaints, as well as certain gastrointestinal disorders.

Chemical composition

According to Karuza-Stojaković et al., the principal constituents of T. pannonicus essential oil from southern parts of Vojvodina province (northern Serbia) were terpinyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, thymol, carvacrol, and geranyl acetate (listed in order of descending quantity). Recent comprehensive studies of chemical variability in hydrodistilled essential oils of different wild growing and cultivated populations of T. pannonicus from Hungary, as well as supercritical fluid extracts of various Lamiaceae species, confirmed that high concentrations of both thymol and p-cymene are the main chemosystematic attributes of T. pannonicus essential oil. Further research efforts of Pluhár Zs. et al. on the volatile oil composition of T. pannonicus from nineteen different localities of Hungary, confirmed a significant essential oil polymorphism in this plant species, as twelve different chemovarieties were determined, namely: thymol, thymol/p-cymene, thymol/p-cymene/γ-terpinene, thymol/p-cymene/neral, thymol/p-cymene/γ-terpinene/β-bisabolene, thymol/p-cymene/isoborneol/γ-terpinene, thymol/linalyl acetate/γ-terpinene/α-cubebene, p-cymene/geraniol/linalyl acetate, linalyl acetate/geranyl acetate, germacrene D/β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide/α-cubebene/linalool, and germacrene D/β-caryophyllene/farnesol.

On the other hand, a T. pannonicus population, which is located over the southern slopes of Vršac Mountains in southern Banat (Vojvodina province, Serbia) was characterised by exceptionally high percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes (91.75%). The most abundant components of its essential oil were identified as geranial (41.42%, w/w) and neral (29.61%, w/w), the mixture of which is frequently referred to as citral.

Biological activity

The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was evaluated using the agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, two strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and two strains of Candida albicans. The essential oil exhibited in vitro antimicrobial activity to varying degrees against all tested strains. The maximum activity of T. pannonicus oil was observed against E. coli, S. aureus and both tested strains of C. albicans (MIC = 50 μl/ml, each). Moderate activity was observed against P. aeruginosa and one of the tested strains of K. pneumoniae (MIC = 200 μl/ml), while E. faecalis and the other strain of K. pneumoniae expressed a higher degree of resistance (MIC > 200 μl/ml))


Telephone numbers in Uzbekistan

The Uzbek telephone numbering plan describes the allocation of telephone numbers in Uzbekistan.

International dialling format (country code + area code + subscriber number): e.g. +998 BC XXXXXXX

Format
All Uzbek phone numbers have nine digits, and are composed of a city prefix (from 2 to 4 digits) and a subscriber number (the remaining digits up to 9).

City codes

Sources
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan
 Cell phone info on Uzbekistan


V. J. Jerome

Victor Jeremy Jerome (1896–1965) was an American communist writer and editor based in New York City. He is best remembered as a Marxist cultural essayist and as the long-time editor of The Communist, later known as Political Affairs, the theoretical journal of the Communist Party USA. He was known as the Chairman of the party's Cultural Commission, based in New York.

Early years
(Jerome) Isaac Roman, also known by the surname "Romain" and better known by the pseudonym "Victor Jeremy Jerome," was born into a Jewish family in Lodz or Strykov, Poland, then part of the Russian Empire, on October 12, 1896. After his parents emigrated to London, he lived with relatives in Poland until they were ready for him to join them at age nine. He lived for about ten years in England with his family. According to the 1911 Census of England, a 14-year-old resident Russian alien named Isaac Roman, the son of Harris and Dinah Roman, lived with his parents and brother Nathan at 52 Lucas Street, Commercial Road, Stepney, London; his father Harris Roman was a tailor (baster).

As a young man, Isaac Rooman emigrated at the age of 18 to the United States, and was recorded on the passenger list of the S/S St. Louis as a Hebrew (Jewish) tailor. The ship sailed from the Port of Liverpool, England, on July 24, 1915, and arrived at the Port of New York, August 1, 1915. He identified his next of kin as Mr. and Mrs. Rooman, of 32 Oxford Street, Stepney, London. His destination was listed as a friend residing at 155 South Second Avenue, Brooklyn, New York. Roman attended City College of New York for higher education.

He left college after marrying Frances Winwar; they had a child together before they divorced. He did not finish college then, but began work as a bookkeeper for the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union in the early 1920s. This experience with the working class helped to radicalize him. In 1928, he officially changed his name by court order from Roman Jerome Isaac to "Jerome Isaac Romain."

Political career
In 1924, Romain joined the Communist Party. In 1925, he married Rose Pastor Stokes, a writer and activist who was also of Polish Jewish ancestry and was seventeen years older than he. She had been married for 20 years to J.G. Phelps Stokes, a wealthy Episcopalian businessman in New York who supported a settlement house and other philanthropic ventures. They finally divorced over political differences; she was an advocate for birth control and political activism.

Romain returned to college and in 1930, he received a Bachelor of Science degree from New York University.
Stokes died of breast cancer in 1933 at the age of 53. Romain moved to Hollywood for a year to raise money for the Spanish Loyalists, or Republicans. Returning to New York in 1935, he became editor of The Communist, writing under the pseudonym V. J. Jerome. This magazine later became known in 1944 as Political Affairs. He served as its editor until 1955. In 1937, he married Alice Hamburger.

Jerome, as he was known, was among the cultural spokesmen of the American Communist Party. He rose in the party hierarchy in the mid-1930s. Membership grew during the economic upheaval and trials of the Great Depression.

Between 1935 and 1965, Jerome wrote constantly. He wrote two autobiographical novels, A Lantern for Jeremy (released during the "Foley Square Trials" in 1952), and its sequel, The Paper Bridge (published posthumously in 1966). He also published a collection of vignettes, Unstill Waters (1964).

A prolific writer, he created short stories, plays, and literary, and art criticism. But he is best known for his political and cultural essays, such as "The Intellectuals and the War" (1940), "Culture in a Changing World" (1948), and "The Negro in Hollywood Films" (1950). During this period he was chairman of the Party's Cultural Commission and was "considered a bluntly dogmatic thinker," serving a role in the US similar to that of Zhdanov in the Soviet Union.

In the postwar period, Congress and local governments reacted to the Cold War with investigations of communist activity. Jerome was prosecuted and convicted under the Smith Act for committing the "overt act" of conspiracy to teach and encourage overthrow of the US government through his pamphlet, "Grasp the Weapon of Culture", which he presented as a report to the Communist Party in 1950. He recommended that the Party consider art and entertainment part of its "mass work".

He was indicted in 1951, together with 16 other Communist leaders, during a second wave of trials of communist leaders that took place across the country. The first trial was conducted in New York in 1947. During a nine-month trial in New York's federal Foley Square Courthouse, Jerome passed the long hours in court writing poetry and reading page proofs of his memoir, A Lantern for Jeremy. He was convicted and sentenced in 1953 to three years at Lewisburg Penitentiary, which he served between 1955 and 1957. Shortly before going to prison, he resigned from Political Affairs, complaining that the Party made decisions without him.

Following his release, Jerome spent 1958 in Poland. After that he worked for two years in Moscow as an editor of a collection of Vladimir Lenin's works. He returned to the US and began writing a novel based on the life of Spinoza.

Death
He died in 1965, at the age of 68.

Bibliography
 Leninism, the Only Marxism Today: A Discussion of the Characteristics of Declining Capitalism. With Alexander Bittelman. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1934.
 Social-Democracy and the War. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1940.
 Intellectuals and the War. New York: Workers Library Publishers, 1940.
 The Path Dimitroff Charted, New York, Workers Library Publishers, 1943.
 The Treatment of Defeated Germany. New York: New Century Publishers, 1945.
 A World "Christian Front"? What is Behind the Alliance between the Vatican and Finance Capital? The Anti-Social Ethics of Red-Baiters: A Reply to Clare Boothe Luce. New York: New Masses, 1947.
 Culture in a changing world, a Marxist approach. New York: New Century Publishers, 1947.
 The Negro in Hollywood Films. New York: Masses & Mainstream, 1950.
 Grasp the Weapon of Culture! New York: New Century Publishers, 1951.
 A Lantern for Jeremy: A Novel. New York: New Century Publishers, 1952. (Juvenile audience)
 The Paper Bridge: A Novel. New York: Citadel Press,  1966.


Dindigul Thalappakatti Restaurant

Dindigul Thalappakatti Restaurant (also known as Thalappakatti Biriyani) is a restaurant chain that operates primarily in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The first outlet was opened in 1957 at Dindigul. Since then, it operates over  62 outlets in India, seven of which are overseas. The Thalappakatti restaurants focus on biriyani.

History
The founder, Nagasamy Naidu, started Thalappakatti restaurant by the name of Anandha Vilas Biriyani Hotel in Dindigul, Tamil Nadu. In 2013 the chain won a trademark lawsuit about the use of the word "thalappakatti" (meaning "turban" in Tamil).

Locations
Dindigul Thalappakatti Restaurant has 28 restaurants in Chennai, more than a dozen others elsewhere in India, and one each in Sri Lanka, France, the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Singapore and the United States.


The Body in the Library

The Body in the Library is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in February 1942 and in UK by the Collins Crime Club in May of the same year. The US edition retailed at $2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6). The novel features her fictional amateur detective, Miss Marple.

Plot summary
The maid at Gossington Hall wakes Mrs Bantry by saying, “There is a body in the library!” Dolly Bantry then wakes her husband, Colonel Arthur Bantry to go downstairs. He finds the dead body of a young woman on the hearth rug in the library, dressed up and with platinum blonde hair. The Colonel calls the police, and Mrs Bantry calls her old friend, Miss Marple. The police investigators include Colonel Melchett and Inspector Slack.

Trying to identify this dead woman, Melchett heads to the nearby cottage of Basil Blake, but Dinah Lee, a platinum blonde, arrives while Colonel Melchett is present, very much alive. Dr Haydock’s autopsy reveals that the young woman, healthy but not fully matured, died between 10 pm and 12 midnight the previous evening, had been drugged and then strangled, and was not molested. Miss Marple notices that the appearance of this girl is not right, from her fingernails to her old dress. She shares this with Dolly.

Hotel guest Conway Jefferson reports Ruby Keene, an 18-year-old dancer at the Majestic Hotel in Danemouth as missing. Josie Turner, employee at the hotel, identifies the body as her cousin Ruby. Guests saw Ruby as late as 11 pm dancing with George Bartlett, but Ruby did not appear for her dance demonstration at midnight. Conway tells police he has revised his will to favour Ruby, until the legal adoption is completed.

Dolly and Miss Marple move to the Majestic to investigate further. Conway calls Sir Henry Clithering to join the investigation; Sir Henry sees Miss Marple at the hotel and in turn invites her to investigate.

Conway made large financial settlements for his children at the time each married. Then his wife, son and daughter were killed in an aeroplane crash eight years earlier. The three grieving survivors made up a household. They were playing bridge that evening with Josie. Police rule out the son-in-law and daughter-in-law, thinking each one is well set financially. Both in-laws are short of money, as Slack’s investigation and Adelaide’s conversation with Dolly reveal.

Bartlett's burned-out car is found with a charred corpse inside. From one shoe and one button, the corpse is identified as 16-year-old Girl Guide Pamela Reeves, reported missing by her parents the night before.

The police ask Miss Marple to interview the other girls at the Guides event, and ask Sir Henry to question Conway's valet, Edwards. Miss Marple learns from friend Florence that Pamela had been approached by a film producer and offered a screen test that evening, which was why she did not go directly home. Edwards reports that he saw a snapshot of Basil Blake fall out of Ruby's handbag while she was with Conway, which points to Blake. Slack had already found the hearth rug from the Blake home dumped.

Miss Marple knows who the murderer is, and seeks proof of her deduction. She visits Dinah Lee; Basil returns home, and he reveals how he found the corpse on the hearth rug around midnight when he came home rather drunk after a party. He moved the corpse to the Bantry home, not liking Bantry much. He did not kill the girl. The police arrest him.

Back at the hotel, Miss Marple asks the Bantrys to find a marriage record at Somerset House. She asks Sir Henry to approach Conway; he agrees to tell Mark and Adelaide that he will change his will the next day, leaving his money to a hostel in London. Sir Henry alerts the police, and shows the marriage record for Mark and Josie. At 3 am, an intruder, Josie Turner, enters Conway’s bedroom, and is caught in the act by the police before she can harm Conway with the syringe filled with digitalin.

Miss Marple explains her process to Conway and the police. The body in the library was Pamela Reeves, made up to look like more or less like Ruby, with her bitten fingernails a jarring note. Ruby was the one burned in the car. Thus the alibis at the hotel were useless. Miss Marple did not believe the identification by Josie (“people are far too trusting for this wicked world”) and sensed a plan gone awry.

She suspected that Mark and Josie were married. Besides wanting Conway dead, upon learning that Conway planned to adopt Ruby, they made the double murder plan. Mark lured Pamela to the hotel for the fictitious screen test. Josie dressed her, dyed her hair and made her up to resemble Ruby, then drugged her. During the bridge play, Mark took a break, taking Pamela’s body to Blake's hearth rug, where he strangled her with her belt. Just before midnight, when Ruby went up to change for the exhibition dance, Josie followed her and killed her by injection or a blow. After the midnight dance, she took Ruby, dressed in Pamela’s clothes, in Bartlett's car to the quarry where she set fire to the car. During the police interrogation, Mark breaks down and confesses all the details.

Adelaide says she has agreed to marry her paramour, Hugo, which pleases Conway. His new will settles cash on Adelaide and leaves the rest to her son Peter.

Characters
Miss Marple: Resident of village of Saint Mary Mead who has much experience in resolving murders.
Dolly Bantry: Wife of the Colonel, she is friends with her village neighbour Miss Marple.
Colonel Arthur Bantry: Retired army man, husband of Dolly, and owner of extensive lands.
 Colonel Melchett: Chief Constable of Ratfordshire, where the first body is found.
Inspector Slack: Investigates suspects in both murders and makes an arrest. Despite his last name, he is thorough in his work.
Dr Haydock: Doctor who performs the post-mortem on the first body, found in the Bantrys' library.
 Conway Jefferson: Wealthy man staying at the Majestic Hotel with his son-in-law and daughter-in-law and step grandson. He lost his legs in an aeorplane crash, the same crash in which he lost his wife Margaret, son Frank and daughter Rosamund, some years earlier. He is an old friend to the Bantry couple.
Mark Gaskell: Widower of Rosamund Jefferson. He is a smooth talking and handsome man, a gambler by personality. He lives with his father-in-law in the shared grief after the plane crash, but his father-in-law never really liked his daughter’s choice.
 Adelaide Jefferson: Widow of Frank Jefferson. She has son Peter Carmody, 9 year old son; Peter was born after her first husband died. She is a good mother and a reliable woman.
Edwards: Valet to Conway Jefferson. He agrees to speak with Clithering, who will share only the needed information with police.
Ruby Keene: She is the younger cousin of Josie, and a dancer using that stage name. She was Rosy Legge. Conway Jefferson takes a shine to her, going so far as to say he will adopt her and make her his heir once he alters his will. She was raised poor, and her outward appearance was like his daughter Rosamund. She was unlike Rosamund in personality, as Ruby was a gold-digger.
Josie Turner: She is the cousin of Ruby, who asked her to come to the hotel to fill in on the dance floor for her while her ankle heals after she twisted it. She is shrewd, practical and wants money.
Raymond Starr: He was born Thomas Ramon Starr. He works as the tennis pro and dancer at the Majestic Hotel. He has hopes to woo Adelaide, once she is ready to consider remarriage. He loses out graciously.
Sir Henry Clithering: Retired head of Scotland Yard and friend to Miss Marple. He is called to help in the investigation by his friend Conway Jefferson.
Superintendent Harper: From the Glenshire police, where the hotel is located. He joins the investigation.
Basil Blake: Young man who recently moved into a cottage just outside St Mary Mead, and enjoys scorning the older generation. He works for a movie studio about 30 miles away, and appears at the house mainly on weekends. Miss Marple knows of his earlier life as an ARP who saved lives in a burning building, getting injured in the process. This is the only allusion to the ongoing war.
Dinah Lee: Woman with platinum blonde hair who appears at Blake’s home. They are married but tell no one in the village.
George Bartlett: He was the last dance partner of Ruby. He has a car parked at the hotel’s open lot, which is stolen and reported missing the morning after Ruby’s murder. He is a shy man.
Pamela Reeves: Local girl, age 16 and a Girl Guide. She attended an event of the Guides the night Ruby was murdered; her parents reported her missing to the police at 9 pm, hours after she was due home. The next day she is named as the corpse found in Bartlett’s stolen and burned car.
Florence Small: Friend of Pamela Reeves in whom she confided the story of the screen test at the hotel. Florence gave away her nervousness to Miss Marple, who chose her as the girl to ask what really happened that evening.
Hugo McClean: Long time friend of Adelaide who wanted to marry her. In the end, he did.

Title
In her Author's Foreword, Christie describes "the body in the library" as a cliché of detective fiction. She states that when writing her own variation on this theme, she decided that the library should be a completely conventional one while the body would be a highly improbable and sensational one.

Another example of this cliché was included in the first episode of the second series ("And the Moonbeams Kiss the Sea") of the television series Inspector Lewis, the body of a handyman is found in the Bodleian Library. DS James Hathaway comments to DI Robbie Lewis, "You realise what we've got, don't you, sir. ... The body in the library."

Yet more recently, in Philip Pullman's novel La Belle Sauvage, published in 2017, the protagonist borrows a book titled The Body in the Library.

In light of these remarks, this novel can be considered a conscious reworking of the genre.

Literary significance and reception
Maurice Willson Disher of The Times Literary Supplement was impressed in his review of 16 May 1942 with the female view of life injected into the solution of the crimes. "Some devoted souls may sigh for Hercule Poirot, but there are bound to be others who will be glad to find his place taken in the 'new Agatha Christie' by Miss Marple. What this relief signifies is that professional detectives are no match for elderly spinsters (not all so elderly), with some training in looking under the antimacassar, who are now very much in fashion. Even while making full allowance for this we find it hard not to be impressed by old-maid logic. When Miss Marple says, 'The dress was all wrong,' she is plainly observing facts hidden from the masculine eye – facts which are of a very lively interest. The Body in the Library should turn Hendon College co-educational."

Maurice Richardson was not as impressed with Christie's efforts as usual in his 17 May 1942 review in The Observer when he concluded, "Ingenious, of course, but interest is rather diffuse and the red herrings have lost their phosphorescence."

An unnamed reviewer in the Toronto Daily Star (21 March 1942) wrote that "It doesn't take long to read this one, but the two killings in it are made so mysterious that you will not want to lay the book down until the killer is caught." The reviewer concludes, "Police do a lot of probing, but it is the shrewd reasoning – intuition perhaps – of Jane Marple that finds the missing link and discloses a diabolical plot."

Robert Barnard had a positive view of this novel, writing in 1990. He calls the plot situation classic rather than cliché. It was a "Bravura performance on a classic situation." The shift of locations of action, from Miss Marple's village to a seaside resort hotel, were good for the story, "St Mary Mead regulars figure in the case, pleasantly diversified by fashionable seaside hotel guests and the film crowd." The question he raised involves the likelihood of the crimes and the manner of solving them, which he found better than a mystery written over 30 years later by another author, saying that "If you think what happens to the body after death is unlikely, try the more 'realistic' P.D. James' An Unsuitable Job for a Woman."

Allusions
In Chapter 8 the author gives herself a namecheck from the mouth of the young boy, Peter Carmody. Explaining that he enjoys reading detective stories, Peter says that he has the autographs of Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, John Dickson Carr and H. C. Bailey.

In Chapter 9 Colonel Melchett states that "there's still one thing to be done. Cherchez l'homme." It is referred to as a joke in the book, and is possibly a reference to Hercule Poirot, Christie's other famous sleuth. However, it is more likely a reference to the popular phrase 'cherchez la femme''', meaning that there is frequently a woman behind a man's behaviour and motives in detective stories; since in this novel the victim was a girl, who was presumed to have a male lover, the phrase was changed jokingly by the detective.

While explaining how she concluded who the murderers were and how the widowed Mr Jefferson became so quickly enamoured of a girl, knowing so little of her, Miss Marple mentioned the old story The King and the Beggar-maid as a model for that sort of instant emotional reaction. All the other characters in the novel were found to act like someone she knew from life in her village, including Sir Henry.

In Christie's Cards on the Table, published six years earlier, Anne Meredith knows Ariadne Oliver as the writer of a book called The Body in the Library.

Film, TV, Radio or theatrical adaptations

Television
The 1984 television film The Body in the Library was part of the BBC series of Miss Marple, with Joan Hickson making the first of her acclaimed appearances in the role of Jane Marple. The adaptation was transmitted in three parts between 26–28 December 1984, and only had a few changes made to it:
 The character of Superintendent Harper was omitted.
 Bartlett's car was changed from a Minoan 14 to a Vauxhall Coaster.
 The amount of money left to Ruby was changed from £50,000 to £100,000.

A second adaptation of the novel was made in 2004 by ITV, as part of their ongoing Agatha Christie's Marple series. This adaptation starred Geraldine McEwan as Miss Marple, James Fox as Colonel Bantry, Joanna Lumley as Dolly Bantry, Ian Richardson as Conway Jefferson, and Jamie Theakston as Mark Gaskell.  While this adaptation was largely faithful to the original novel, there were several changes:
 Josie's accomplice is her lesbian lover Adelaide, not Mark Gaskell as in the novel.
 The date is changed to after World War II, with two related changes:
 Conway's wife and children were killed by a V-2 strike, not in a plane crash. (This is shown in a prologue scene.)
 Mark, Frank, and Peter's father Mike were all RAF pilots in the war.
 The characters of Clithering, Edwards, and McLean are omitted.
 Conway sees the snapshot of Blake that falls out of Ruby's handbag.
 The drugging of the first victim is revealed later.
 Miss Marple's explanation of the crime comes before the trap to catch the killers, rather than after.

Radio
A radio adaptation was produced for BBC Radio 4 in 1999.

It has since been rebroadcast 15 times on BBC Radio 7 and its successor, BBC Radio 4 Extra.

The cast list featured June Whitfield as Miss Marple, Richard Todd as Colonel Melchett, Pauline Jameson as Dolly Bantry, Jack Watling as Colonel Bantry, Graham Crowden as Sir Henry Clithering, and Ben Crowe as George Bartlett.

The production was dramatised by Michael Bakewell and directed by Enyd Williams.

Publication history

 1941, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), February 1942, Hardback, 245 pp
 1941, Collins Crime Club (London), May 1942, Hardback, 160 pp
 1946, Pocket Books (New York), Paperback, (Pocket number 341), 152 pp
 1953, Penguin Books, Paperback, (Penguin number 924), 190 pp
 1959, Pan Books, Paperback, 157 pp (Great Pan G221)
 1962, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 191 pp
 1972, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 305 pp;
 2005, Marple Facsimile edition (Facsimile of 1942 UK first edition), 7 November 2005, Hardcover;

The novel was first serialised in the US in The Saturday Evening Post'' in seven parts from 10 May (Volume 213, Number 45) to 21 June 1941 (Volume 213, Number 51) with illustrations by Hy Rubin.


Camp Washington Chili

Camp Washington Chili is a Cincinnati chili parlor founded in 1940 by Steve Andon and Fred Zannbus in the neighborhood of Camp Washington, near downtown Cincinnati, in southwestern Ohio. A well known Cincinnati landmark, the parlor is located at 3005 Colerain Avenue, and the current owner is the Greek-born John Johnson. The restaurant left its old location and moved to a site a few lots away in 2000, after being told to vacate by the city in order to widen Hopple Street.  Their new location is modeled after a 1950s-style diner.  The restaurant is open 24 hours a day every day but Sunday.

In 2011, Camp Washington Chili was featured on a Cincinnati episode of the Travel Channel's Man v. Food Nation.

Reception
In 2014, Travel + Leisure named it one of "America's Best Chili(s)". In 2009, food writers Jane and Michael Stern wrote about Camp Washington Chili that "when we crave the best, there is just one place to go," and Bon Appétit named it one of "The Best Chili Spots." In 2000, the chili served by the restaurant won an "American Regional Classic" James Beard Foundation Award. CBS News in 1985 named it "the best chili in the nation." The restaurant has been featured by HGTV, the Huffington Post, and Every Day with Rachael Ray.

In popular culture
Blues musician Lonnie Mack wrote a song entitled "Camp Washington Chili".


Jake Ruecroft

Jacob Ruecroft (1 May 1915 – February 2005) was an English professional footballer who played as a full back for Goole Town, Halifax Town, Scarborough and Bradford City. He also guested for Leeds United and Lincoln City during World War Two.


Billy Beck

Billy Beck (born Frank Billerbeck; May 26, 1920 – June 29, 2011) was an American clown and character actor.

Career
Beck began his career as a clown at the legendary Cirque Medrano in Paris, France, in the late 1950s, and appeared in small roles beginning in the 1950s, Beck appeared in the 1954 made for television series Sherlock Holmes, starring Ronald Howard. He portrayed Coco the Clown in episode #24, "The Night Train Mystery", as well as appearing in the third season of Combat! on the episode
"The Town That Went Away " (1964) as Rafe  and in such films as Irma la Douce (1963), The Patsy (1964), The Fortune Cookie (1966), Nickelodeon (1976), House (1986), and the 1988 remake The Blob as the first victim of the title creature. In 2000, he appeared in an episode of the sitcom The King of Queens.

Death
Beck died in his Glendale home of natural causes on June 29, 2011 at age 91.

Filmography


Upper Sherman Avenue (Hamilton, Ontario)

Upper Sherman Avenue is an Upper City (mountain) arterial road in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It starts off north of Concession Street at Mountain Park Avenue and extends southward where it ends at Rymal Road. It is a two-way street throughout.  As with most of the "Upper" streets, their addresses start at roughly the point where their lower counterpart finishes just below the Escarpment and were originally labelled without the "Upper" prefix.

History
Named Upper Sherman Avenue because it is in alignment with Sherman Avenue in the Lower City Hamilton. Sherman Avenue originally was called Shearman Avenue which was named after the first land assessor of the district, nothing more is known of Shearman who remains a man of mystery in Hamilton's history books. Later the name was changed from Shearman to Sherman Avenue in honour of brothers Clifton Sherman, (1872-1955) and Frank Sherman, (1887-1967), who both founded Dominion Foundries and Steel (later called Dofasco) in 1912, creating a giant that would bring prosperity and identity to the city.

Landmarks
Note: Listing of Landmarks from North to South.
 Niagara Escarpment
 Henderson General Hospital
 Sherman Cut, mountain-access road
 Eastmount Park
 Macassa Lodge
 Macassa Park
 County Fair Plaza
 Ray Lewis Elementary School (off of Jasmine Street)
 Lawfield Park
 Lawfield Arena
 Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway, “The LINC”
 St. Jean de Brebeuf Secondary School (off of Acadia Drive)
 Billy Sherring Park

Communities
Note: Listing of neighbourhoods from North to South.
 Eastmount/ Raleigh, Upper Sherman cuts through these two neighbourhoods
 Burkhome/ Macassa, Upper Sherman cuts through these two neighbourhoods
 Thorner/ Lawfield, Upper Sherman cuts through these two neighbourhoods
 Rushdale/ Randall, Upper Sherman cuts through these two neighbourhoods
 Butler/ Eleanor, Upper Sherman cuts through these two neighbourhoods

Roads that are parallel with Upper Sherman Avenue
Note: Listing of Roads from West to East.
 Wilson Street (Ancaster)
 Highway 403
 Upper Paradise Road
 Garth Street
 West 5th Street
 Upper James Street
 Upper Wellington Street
 Upper Wentworth Street
 Upper Sherman Avenue
 Upper Gage Avenue
 Upper Ottawa Street
 Nebo Road
 Upper Kenilworth Avenue
 Mountain Brow Boulevard
 Upper Centennial Parkway

Roads that cross Upper Sherman Avenue
Note #1: Listing of streets from North to South.
 Concession Street
 Queensdale Avenue East
 Fennell Avenue East
 Mohawk Road East
 Limeridge Road East
 Lincoln M. Alexander Parkway
 Stone Church Road East
 ; Rymal Road East


Virgin Gorda Airport

Virgin Gorda Airport  is an airport on Virgin Gorda in the British Virgin Islands, an overseas territory of the United Kingdom.

History

Historically, Virgin Gorda was served in the past by American Eagle with this service being operated by Executive Airlines on behalf of American Airlines from San Juan (SJU).  This regional air carrier became a wholly owned subsidiary of American Airlines and flew CASA 212-200 twin turboprop aircraft into the airport.

Sunaire flying as Eastern Express on behalf of Eastern Airlines via a code-sharing agreement served Virgin Gorda as well, primarily with flights between the airport and San Juan as well as the U.S. Virgin Islands.  This wholly owned subsidiary of Metro Airlines operated de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter STOL (short take-off and landing) turboprop aircraft. Other airlines which served Virgin Gorda with Twin Otter aircraft were Crown Air/Dorado Wings and Virgin Island Airways with these commuter air carriers operating nonstop flights between the airport and San Juan. Before introducing service with larger Twin Otter aircraft, Dorado Wings operated smaller Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander aircraft into the airport.

Another airline that served Virgin Gorda in the past was Air BVI which was based in neighboring Tortola.  Air BVI operated eight-passenger seat Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander twin prop, STOL capable aircraft into the airport with nonstop flights to San Juan as well as to nearby Tortola  According to the December 16, 1980 Air BVI timetable, "no reservation shuttle" service was being operated at the time between the Beef Island Airport on Tortola and Virgin Gorda and the one-way flight time between the two airports was a very short five minutes.  Another airline which served Virgin Gorda with Britten-Norman Islander aircraft was Vieques Air Link while Air Sunshine flew Cessna 402 twin prop aircraft into the airport with both commuter air carriers operating nonstop flights to San Juan in 1999.  Air Sunshine continues to serve Virgin Gorda at the present time.

Island Birds Air Charter, having served Virgin Gorda since the year 2000, currently operates on demand, non-scheduled charter service to the airport.

The airport is owned and operated by the Government of the VI (UK). The government purchased the airport from Little Dix Bay Resort for $2.9 million in 2005.

The runway at the airport remains an unpaved, sand and gravel airstrip. In January 2010 the airport was closed for major construction work. It reopened in December 2010 with limitations and restrictions put in place by the ASSI regulatory agency. It is currently restricted to a small handful of airlines that must be fully approved by both ASSI and the FAA to operate at the field.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Cargo


Virtue (The Voidz album)

Virtue is the second studio album by American band the Voidz, released on March 30, 2018 through Cult and RCA. It is the band's first album after shortening their name from "Julian Casablancas + The Voidz".

Production, promotion and release
On October 7, 2017, The Voidz played songs from Virtue for the first time during a secret show (billed as "YouTube Comments", a supposed Voidz tribute band) in Los Angeles, including "Wink", "ALieNNatioN", "We're Where We Were", "My Friend the Walls" and "Lazy Boy". The band also played "Wink" on the Brazilian talk show The Noite while on a tour of South America during the same month.

On December 8, 2017, the band released a teaser video directed by Warren Fu, announcing the album, the simplification of their name to The Voidz and also their signing to RCA. The video features snippets of the songs "Pointlessness" and "Pyramid of Bones", as well as the Les Paul and Mary Ford song "The World Is Waiting for the Sunrise".

The album's first single, "Leave It in My Dreams", was released on January 23, 2018, followed by a second single, "QYURRYUS", the next day. "Pointlessness", "All Wordz Are Made Up", and "ALieNNatioN" were then released respectively as the following singles, while a music video for "Pyramid of Bones" was released on March 29, 2018.

The album artwork features a 2015 painting by Argentinian-Spanish artist Felipe Pantone.

The track "Think Before You Drink" is an acoustic cover and rearrangement of a 1978 disco song by the musician Michael Cassidy. The band was inspired by a cover of the song performed by Hansadutta Swami.

Track listing

Charts


Isaac Gorni

Isaac Gorni (or Isaac ben Abraham haGorni) was a late thirteenth-century Hebrew lyric poet from Aire-sur-l'Adour in Gascony, then ruled by the English Prince Edward. His surname derives from the Hebrew goren, "threshing floor", the Occitan for which is aire, as in his birthplace. He was widely travelled. In Provence he journeyed through Arles, Aix, Manosque, Carpentras, Apt, and Draguignan. He also went into Languedoc and Catalonia sojourning in Narbonne, Perpignan, and Luz. His habit was to enjoy the hospitality of the local Jewish community in return for entertaining it. He also accompanied himself on the kinnor, which was tied to his shoulder. He was not always successful, and his poems often record the ingratitude he encountered.

Isaac probably left Gascony before the Jews were expelled by a royal edict of 1287, perhaps in 1275, 1281, or 1282, when heavy taxes were collected from the Jews. He wrote a song dedicated to the citizens of Aire, recalling both the "lords who stand in the breach in times of her distress" and the Jewish intellectuals, but not referring to any exile. It probably therefore predates 1287, but it already demonstrates Isaac's penchant for pomposity: comparing Aire and Jerusalem, he suggests that the Messiah, if he knew that Isaac was born in Aire, would choose to be born there as well. In other poems, however, Isaac refers to Jerusalem by the poetic term golat Ariel ("exile of Ariel"), perhaps a play on "exile from Aire".

Eighteen of his works have survived, all in one manuscript. They belong to the tradition of the troubadours and courtly love. Two of these have been translated into English: "Gorni Pleads His Cause" and "The Fate of the Adulterer". The first attacks the nobility of Arles for refusing him the patronage he believed he merited. The second imagines his death and his legacy (which is lust and fornication). It is a parody of the planh.

Bibliography
T. Carmi, ed. (1981), The Penguin Book of Hebrew Verse (New York: Viking Press).
Susan Einbinder (2005), "Isaac b. Abraham haGorni: The Myth, the Man, and the Manuscript," International Medieval Congress, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo.
W. D. Paden and F. F. Paden (2007), Troubadour Poems from the South of France (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer).
Jefim Schirmann (1949), "Isaac Gorni, poète hébreu de Provence," Lettres Romanes, 3:175–200.
Jefim Schirmann (1954), "The Function of the Hebrew Poet in Medieval Spain," Jewish Social Studies, 16(3):235–52.

Notes


The Orto Botanico delle Alpi Apuane "Pietro Pellegrini" (), also known as the Orto Botanico di Pian della Fioba, is a nature preserve and botanical garden located at 900 meters altitude in Pian della Fioba, Massa, Province of Massa-Carrara, Tuscany, Italy. It is operated by the town in collaboration with the Università della Toscana.

The garden was established in 1966 for the study of plants indigenous to the Apuane Alps and dedicated to botanist Pietro Pellegrini (1867–1957). It was officially opened to the public in 1981. and, although most of its vegetation is spontaneous, it contains a man-made pond for wetland species, as well as experimental trees, mostly conifers, and a collection of chestnut trees (Castanea sativa) for study and conservation.

Species include Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus cordata, Cedrus atlantica, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cistus salvifolius, Digitalis lutea, Erica arborea, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia, Phyteuma orbiculare, Pinus nigra, Pinus strobus, Pinus pinaster, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus cerris, Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia, Teucrium scorodonia, as well as Alchemilla xanthochlora, Astragalus purpureus, Buphthalmum salicifolium, Carex macrostachys, Centaurea ambigua, Dactylorhiza maculata, Eleocharis palustris, Eriophorum latifolium, Globularia incanescens, Helianthemum oelandicum, Hypericum coris, Leontodon anomalus, Mentha aquatica, Moltkia suffruticosa, Myosotis spp., Orchis pauciflora, Polygala carueliana, Rhamnus glaucophyllus, Salix crataegifolia, Santolina leucantha, Scabiosa holosericea, Thesium sommieri, and Veratrum album. Fungi include Boletus granulatus, Cantharellus cibarius, Macrolepiota procera, and Russula virescens.


Proshyan Brandy Factory

Proshyan Brandy Factory (), is one of the oldest producers of alcoholic drinks in Armenia, located in Yerevan, on the Ashtarak Highway leading to the village of Proshyan. The factory is mainly famous for its brandy brand 'Mané''.

History
Originally, the Proshyan Brandy Factory has been in operation in the village of Proshyan since 1885. However, the current production facilities were opened in 1980 as a state-owned enterprise by the government of the Armenian SSR, at the northwestern outskirts of Yerevan. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the factory was privatized in 1996.

Armenian brandy is the main product of the factory which is derived form the grapes of the fertile Ararat plain. However, the factory has also a variety of other products including, wine, fruit wine, liqueur, vodka, and canned food. The company also produces a large collection of souvenir brandy. The production is entirely based on Italian technology.

The products of the factory are constantly exported to Russia, Ukraine, Latvia, Belarus, Lithuania, Georgia, Germany, Estonia, United States, Greece, Poland, Israel, South Korea, Kazakhstan and Tajikistan.

In addition to its main factory in Yerevan, the company also operates the Proshyan-Aygestan winery in the Aygestan village of Ararat Province and the Proshyan-Armavir winery in the Armavir village of Armavir Province. However, the entire bottling process takes place in the main factory in Yerevan.

Products and brands

The factory is mainly famous for its large variety of Armenia Cognac production. Brands of Proshyan winery include:

Mané, 3, 5, 8 and 30 years old premium cognac.
Khent With Cigar, 10, 20 and 30 years old extra class cognac.
Charents, 10, 20 and 30 years old extra class cognac.
Vardan Mamikonyan, 3, 5, 8 and 20 years old premium cognac.
Khent, 10, 20 and 30 years old premium cognac.
King Pap, 20, 25 and 30 years old premium cognac.
Proshyan, 3, 5, 8 and 20 years old premium cognac.
Ameli, 15 years old premium cognac.
Armenian Opera, special blend premium cognac.
Marshal Murat, 3, 5, 8 and 10 years old cognac.
H. Shiraz, 3, 5 and 8 years old cognac.
Musinyan, 3, 5 and 8 years old cognac.
Sheram, 3, 5 and 8 years old cognac.
Artsruni, 3, 5 and 8 years old cognac.
Hr. Kochar, 8 years old cognac.
Armenian Castle, 3 and 5 years old cognac.
Haykuhi, 3, 5, 8 and 15 years old cognac.
Ara Jan, 3 and 5 years old cognac.
Artamat, 5 years old cognac.
Congratulatory, 5 years old cognac.
Tsarevna Anna, 8 years old cognac.
Queen Tamara, 8 and 10 years old cognac blended almond flavour.
Armenuhi, soft blended 10 years old cognac with plum-chocolate taste.
V. Teryan, 3, 5 and 8 years old cognac blended with vanilla and chocolate.
Three Stars, grape cognac blended with vanilla-chocolate and velvet taste.
Five Stars, grape cognac blended with vanilla.


Jean-Paul James

Jean-Paul James (born 14 July 1952) is a French prelate of the Catholic Church who was named Archbishop of Bordeaux in November 2019 after serving from 2003 to 2009 as Bishop of Beauvais and from 2009 to 2019 as Bishop of Nantes.

Biography
Jean-Paul André Denis Marcel James was born on 14 July 1952 in Rennes. He studied at the Catholic schools of the Assumption and Saint-Vincent there. He earned a licentiate in economic sciences at the Institut National de Sciences Economiques (INSEE) in Paris. In 1984 at the Saint-Yves major seminary of Rennes he obtained a bachelor's degree. He completed his studies in theology at the French Seminary in Rome and received a licentiate in canon law and a degree in moral theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University. He was ordained a priest on 22 September 1985.

He worked as parish vicar in the Saint-Augustin parish in Rennes from 1985 to 1987 and then assisted at the parish of Saint-Louis des Français for two years, while studying in Rome. From 1990 to 1999 he was professor of moral theology at the major seminary of Rennes and head of the Diocesan Vocational Service. In 1999 he became rector of that seminary. From 1990 on he was also an assistant at a home for the disabled in Bruz, part of the l'Arche network founded by Jean Vanier.

Pope John Paul II named him Bishop of Beauvais on 9 January 2003, and he received his episcopal consecration on 6 April. On 8 July 2008 Pope Benedict XVI appointed him Bishop of Nantes. He has been a member of the Councils for Interreligious Relations and for New Religious Movements of the Episcopal Conference of France.

Pope Francis named him Archbishop of Bordeaux on 14 November 2019. His installation in Bordeaux is scheduled for 26 January 2020.


Maria Sharapova career statistics

This is a list of the main career statistics of professional Russian tennis player, Maria Sharapova. To date, Sharapova has won thirty six WTA singles titles including five Grand Slams, one year-ending championship, six WTA Tier I singles titles, three WTA Premier Mandatory singles titles and five WTA Premier 5 singles titles. She was also the silver medallist in singles at the 2012 London Olympics.

Career achievements

Sharapova won her first grand slam singles title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships by defeating top seed and two-time defending champion, Serena Williams in straight sets. She finished the year by winning the year-ending WTA Tour Championships, defeating Williams in three sets after trailing 4–0 in the final set. On August 22, 2005 Sharapova became the World No. 1 for the first time in her career, and thus became the first Russian female player to ascend to the top of the WTA Rankings. A year later, she won her second grand slam singles title at the 2006 US Open by defeating Justine Henin in the final in straight sets. At the start of 2008, Sharapova won her third grand slam singles title at the 2008 Australian Open, defeating Ana Ivanovic in straight sets.

She finished 2009 ranked World No. 14, having improved her ranking from World No. 126 when she returned to the sport after a lengthy injury break.
In April 2011, Sharapova returned to the top ten of the WTA Rankings for the first time in three years after losing to Victoria Azarenka in the final of the Sony Ericsson Open. In May, she won her biggest title on clay at the time in Rome, defeating Samantha Stosur in the final. At Wimbledon, she reached her first grand slam singles final in three years but lost in straight sets to first time grand slam finalist, Petra Kvitová. Sharapova finished the year ranked World No. 4, her best finish since 2008.

In January 2012, Sharapova reached her first Australian Open final since winning the title in 2008 but lost to in straight sets to first time grand slam singles finalist, Victoria Azarenka. She avenged that defeat three months later by defeating Azarenka in the final at Stuttgart before successfully defending her title at the Internazionali BNL d'Italia by defeating Li Na in the final after trailing by a set and 4–0 and having been down championship point in the deciding set. At the 2012 French Open, Sharapova won her first grand slam singles title in four years and fourth title overall after defeating first time grand slam finalist, Sara Errani in straight sets. With this achievement, Sharapova returned to World No. 1 in the WTA Rankings and became the sixth woman in the open era to complete a Career Grand Slam in singles. The rest of her season was highlighted by a Silver Medal at the London Olympics, her first semi-final appearance at the US Open since winning the title in 2006 and runner-up finishes at the China Open (her third defeat in the final of a Premier Mandatory event this year) and WTA Tour Championships. She ended the year ranked World No. 2, matching her career best finish to date.

In March 2013, Sharapova won her second title in Indian Wells but lost her fifth final in Miami. The following year, she dominated the clay court season, winning a third consecutive title in Stuttgart, her first title in Madrid and her fifth major and second French Open title. She also won the China Open later that year and finished as World No. 2 for the third time in her career. In 2015, Sharapova made the final of the Australian Open, won her third title in Rome, was a semi-finalist at Wimbledon and won both matches in Russia's 3–2 defeat to the Czech Republic in the Fed Cup final.

Significant finals

Grand Slam tournament finals

Singles: 10 finals (5 titles, 5 runner-ups)

WTA Tour Championships

Singles: 3 (1 title, 2 runner-ups)

(i) = Indoor

Tier I / Premier Mandatory & Premier 5 finals

Singles: 25 (14 titles, 11 runner-ups)

Olympic finals

Singles: 1 (1 silver medal)

WTA career finals

Singles: 59 (36 titles, 23 runner-ups)

Doubles: 4 (3 titles, 1 runner-up)

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 6 (4 titles, 2 runner–ups)

Junior Grand Slam tournament finals

Singles: 2 finals (2 runner-ups)

Fed Cup

Finals (1 title, 1 final)

Participations (6)

Singles: 6 (7–1)

Singles performance timeline

Current through the 2019 US Open.
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center;font-size:85%
!Tournament!!2001!!2002!!2003!!2004!!2005!!2006!!2007!!2008!!2009!!2010!!2011!!2012!!2013!!2014!!2015!!2016!!2017!!2018!!2019!!SR!!W–L!!Win%
|-
|colspan=22 align=left|Grand Slam Tournaments
|-
|align=left|Australian Open
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=lime|W
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|1 / 15
|57–14
|80%
|-
|align=left|French Open
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=afeee|4R
|A
|A
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|A
|2 / 14
|56–12
|82%
|-
|align=left|Wimbledon
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|1 / 15
|46–14
|77%
|-
|align=left|US Open
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|1 / 13
|38–12
|76%
|-
!style=text-align:left|Win–Loss
!0–0
!0–0
!4–4
!15–3
!19–4
!20–3
!16–4
!11–2
!7–3
!8–4
!
!21–3
!12–3
!16–3
!14–3
!0–0
!3–1
!8–4
!3–3
!
!
!79%
|-
|colspan=22 align=left|Year-end Championship
|-
|align=left|WTA Finals
|colspan=3 style=color:#ccc|Did Not Qualify
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|colspan=3 style=color:#ccc|Did Not Qualify
|bgcolor=afeeee|RR
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|RR
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|colspan=4 style=color:#ccc|Did Not Qualify
|1 / 8
|21–11
|66%
|-
|colspan=22 align=left|National Representation
|-
|align=left|Olympic Games
|colspan=3 style=color:#ccc|Not Held
|A
|colspan=3 style=color:#ccc|Not Held
|A
|colspan=3 style=color:#ccc|Not Held
|bgcolor=silver|S
|colspan=3 style=color:#ccc|Not Held
|A
|colspan=3 style=color:#ccc|Not Held
|0 / 1
|5–1
|83%
|-
|align=left|Fed Cup
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=lime|W
|A
|A
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|A
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|A
|A
|A
|A
|1 / 4
|7–1
|88%
|-
|colspan=22 align=left|WTA Premier Mandatory / Premier 5 Tournaments
|-
|align=left|Dubai / Doha Open
|colspan=7 style=color:#ccc|Not Tier I
|bgcolor=lime|W
|A
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|A
|1 / 3
|8–2
|80%
|-
|align=left|Indian Wells Open
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|A
|2 / 14
|38–12
|76%
|-
|align=left|Miami Open
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=afeeee|4R
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|A
|A
|A
|A
|0 / 10
|33–10
|77%
|-
|align=left|Madrid / Berlin Open
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|A
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|A
|1 / 10
|27–9
|75%
|-
|align=left|Italian Open
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|A
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|A
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=lime|W
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|3 / 10
|31–5
|86%
|-
|align=left|Canadian Open
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|0 / 8
|11–8
|58%
|-
|align=left|Cincinnati / SC Open
|colspan=3 style=color:#ccc|NH/NT1
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|A
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=lime|W
|A
|A
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|bgcolor=lime|W
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|3 / 8
|26–6
|81%
|-
|align=left|
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|bgcolor=yellow|SF
|A
|bgcolor=lime|W
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|A
|A
|A
|A
|2 / 10
|20–8
|71%
|-
|align=left|China / Zurich Open
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|A
|bgcolor=lime|W
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|A
|bgcolor=thistle|F
|A
|bgcolor=lime|W
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|3R
|A
|A
|2 / 7
|22–5
|81%
|-
| colspan="22" align="left" |Former WTA Tier I Tournaments
|-
|align=left|Charleston Open
|A
|A
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|A
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|colspan=9 style=color:#ccc|Not Tier I
|A
|A
|0 / 2
|2–2
|50%
|-
|align=left|Kremlin Cup
|A
|A
|A
|A
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|bgcolor=ffebcd|QF
|bgcolor=afeeee|2R
|A
|A
|colspan=7 style=color:#ccc|Not Held/Not Tier I
|bgcolor=afeeee|1R
|A
|A
|0 / 3
|2–2
|50%
|-
|colspan=22 align=left|Career Statistics
|-
!!!2001!!2002!!2003!!2004!!2005!!2006!!2007!!2008!!2009!!2010!!2011!!2012!!2013!!2014!!2015!!2016!!2017!!2018!!2019!!SR!!W–L!!Win %
|-bgcolor=efefef
|align=left|Tournaments
|1
|8
|16
|20
|15
|15
|13
|9
|10
|13
|14
|14
|10
|16
|11
|1
|8
|11
|8
!colspan=3|213
|-
!style=text-align:left|Titles
!0
!0
!2
!5
!3
!5
!1
!3
!1
!2
!2
!3
!2
!4
!2
!0
!1
!0
!0
!colspan=3|36
|-
!style=text-align:left|Finals
!0
!0
!2
!6
!4
!7
!4
!3
!2
!5
!4
!9
!5
!4
!3
!0
!1
!0
!0
!colspan=3|59
|-bgcolor=efefef
|align=left|Hardcourt W–L
|0–0
|23–5
|16–9
|34–11
|29–7
|45–5
|24–5
|19–1
|20–5
|19–7
|25–11
|34–8
|19–4
|27–11
|22–5
|4–1
|11–3
|10–6
|7–5
!colspan=2|387–106
|79%
|-bgcolor=efefef
|align=left|Clay W–L
|0–1
|5–0
|9–2
|8–3
|9–3
|3–1
|7–2
|12–2
|6–2
|7–2
|12–2
|18–1
|17–2
|19–1
|12–3
|0–0
|5–3
|10–4
|0–0
!colspan=2|159–34
|83%
|-bgcolor=efefef
|align=left|Grass W–L
|0–0
|0–0
|9–2
|12–0
|10–1
|8–2
|7–2
|1–1
|5–2
|7–2
|6–1
|8–2
|1–1
|3–1
|5–1
|0–0
|0–0
|0–1
|0–2
!colspan=2|82–21
|80%
|-bgcolor=efefef
|align=left|Carpet W–L
|0–0
|0–0
|4–0
|1–1
|5–1
|3–1
|2–2
|0–0
|0–0
|colspan=10 style=color:#ccc|Discontinued
!colspan=2|15–5
|75%
|-
!style=text-align:left|Overall W–L
!0–1
!28–5
!38–13
!55–15
!53–12
!59–9
!40–11
!32–4
!31–9
!33–11
!43–14
!60–11
!37–7
!49–13
!39–9
!4–1
!16–6
!20–11
!7-7
!colspan=2|645–168
!79%
|-
!style=text-align:left|Win %
!0%
!85%
!75%
!79%
!82%
!87%
!78%
!89%
!78%
!75%
!75%
!85%
!84%
!79%
!81%
!80%
!76%
!65%
!50%
!colspan=3|
|-bgcolor=efefef
|style=text-align:left|Year-end Rank
|NR
|186
|32
|bgcolor=eee8AA|4
|bgcolor=eee8AA|4
|bgcolor=thistle|2
|bgcolor=eee8AA|5
|bgcolor=eee8AA|9
|14
|18
|bgcolor=eee8AA|4
|bgcolor=thistle|2
|bgcolor=eee8AA|4
|bgcolor=thistle|2
|bgcolor=eee8AA|4
|NR
|61
|29
|134
|colspan=3|$38,645,609
|}
 While Sharapova did reach the quarterfinals of the 2016 Australian Open, this result, including ranking points and prize money, was rescinded following a failed drug test during the tournament.
 The first Premier 5 event of the year has switched back and forth between the Dubai Tennis Championships and the Qatar Open since 2009. Dubai was classified as a Premier 5 event from 2009–2011 before being succeeded by Doha for the 2012–2014 period. Since 2015, it has alternated, being held in Dubai in odd years and Doha in even years.
 In 2009, the WTA German Open was abolished and replaced by the Madrid Open.
 After 2007, the Southern California Open was downgraded and replaced in 2009 by the Cincinnati Masters.
 In 2014, the Pan Pacific Open was downgraded to a Premier event and replaced by the Wuhan Open.
 In 2009, the Zurich Open was downgraded to a Premier event and replaced by the China Open.

Record against top 10 players
Sharapova's record against players who have been ranked in the top 10.

As of January 27, 2019.  All statistics from the Women's Tennis Association.

No. 1 wins

Top 10 wins

WTA Tour career earnings

*As of April 29, 2019

Longest winning streaks
19 match win streak (2006)

Grand Slam double bagels
Sharapova has had six double bagel – two sets won at love (6–0, 6–0) – victories in Grand Slams to date. Two of these victories came in back-to-back rounds at the 2013 Australian Open, making Sharapova the first to complete such a feat since Wendy Turnbull at the 1985 Australian Open.

Grand Slam titles details

Grand Slam tournament seedingsWinner
''Runner Up


Green broadbill

The green broadbill (Calyptomena viridis) also known as the lesser green broadbill is a small bird in the family Calyptomenidae. It was formerly classified in the family Eurylaimidae, a group of closely related birds that share the name "broadbill."

Description
The bird is about 17 cm long, plumaged in brilliant green with a black ear patch, widely gaped bill, rounded head, short tail and three black bars on each wing. The beak itself is very weak and almost hidden by the crest above it. Both sexes are similar. The female is duller and has no black markings on its ear patch and wing coverts.

Distribution and habitat
The green broadbill is distributed in broadleaved evergreen forests of Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula where it frequents lowland and lower montane rainforest.

Behaviour
It is often overlooked, as it sits motionless inside the canopy or just below, quickly flying to a new location if disturbed. Its foliage-green color provides excellent camouflage.

It feeds largely on soft figs. The broadbill's feeding habits helps to distribute the seeds of the fig around the forest floor. The female usually lays between two and three whitish eggs, and the young fledge after twenty-two to twenty-three days.

Status and conservation
Due to continuing habitat loss, the green broadbill is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.


Library and Archives Canada

Library and Archives Canada (LAC; ) is a federal institution tasked with acquiring, preserving and making Canada's documentary heritage accessible. It is the fourth biggest library in the world. LAC reports to Parliament through Pablo Rodríguez, the Minister of Canadian Heritage since August 28, 2018.

History and mandate
The Dominion Archives was founded in 1872 as a division within the Department of Agriculture and was transformed into the autonomous Public Archives of Canada in 1912 and renamed the National Archives of Canada in 1987. The National Library of Canada was founded in 1953. Freda Farrell Waldon contributed to the writing of the brief which led to the founding of the National Library of Canada. In 2004, Library and Archives Canada (LAC) combined the functions of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. It was established by the Library and Archives of Canada Act (Bill C-8), proclaimed on April 22, 2004. A subsequent Order in Council dated May 21, 2004 united the collections, services and personnel of the National Archives of Canada and the National Library of Canada. Since inception LAC has reported to Parliament through the Minister of Canadian Heritage.

LAC's stated mandate is:
to preserve the documentary heritage of Canada for the benefit of present and future generations;
to be a source of enduring knowledge accessible to all, contributing to the cultural, social and economic advancement of Canada as a free and democratic society;
to facilitate in Canada co-operation among communities involved in the acquisition, preservation and diffusion of knowledge;
to serve as the continuing memory of the Government of Canada and its institutions.

LAC is expected to maintain "effective recordkeeping practices that ensure transparency and accountability".

Collection
LAC's holdings include the archival records of the Government of Canada, representative private archives, 20 million books acquired largely through legal deposit, 24 million photographs, and more than a petabyte of digital content. Some of this content, primarily the book collection, university theses and census material, is available online. Many items have not been digitized and are only available in physical form. As of May 2013 only about 1% of the collection had been digitized, representing "about 25 million of the more popular and most fragile items".

The collection includes:

the proclamation of the Canadian Constitution Act, which bears marks left by raindrops during a ceremony on Parliament Hill in April 1982 when Queen Elizabeth II signed it;
the British North America Act, which features editing changes made by the first Prime Minister of Canada, Sir John A. Macdonald;
the oldest book in the collection, De antiquitate Judaica: De bello Judaico (Antiquities of the Jews and the Judean War), written by first-century historian Flavius Josephus and printed in 1470;
the chair used by world-renowned pianist Glenn Gould while he played and recorded.

User profile
Genealogists account for 70% of LAC's clients.

Facilities

The building at 395 Wellington Street in downtown Ottawa is the main physical location where the public may access the collection in person. The building was officially opened on June 20, 1967. With the de-emphasis on physical visits, in-person services have been curtailed, for example since April 2012 reference services are by appointment only, and the role of this building is decreasing. There are also administrative offices in Gatineau and preservation and storage facilities throughout Canada for federal government records.

The Preservation Centre in the city centre of Gatineau, about 10 kilometres away from the Ottawa headquarters, was designed to provide a safe environment for the long-term storage and preservation of Canada's valuable collections. It was built at a cost of CDN$107 million, and the official opening took place on June 4, 1997. It is a unique building containing 48 climate-controlled preservation vaults and state-of-the-art preservation laboratories. In 2000, the Royal Architectural Institute of Canada named it one of the top 500 buildings constructed in Canada during the last millennium.

A Nitrate Film Preservation Facility on the Communications Research Centre campus in Shirleys Bay, on the outskirts of Ottawa, houses Canada's cellulose nitrate film collection. The collection contains 5,575 film reels dating back to 1912, including some of the first Canadian motion pictures and photographic negatives. The film material is highly sensitive and requires precise temperatures for its preservation. The state-of-the-art facility, which was officially opened on June 21, 2011, is an eco-designed building featuring an environmentally friendly roof that provides better insulation and minimizes energy expenditures.

A planned key activity for 2013–14 was to rehouse analogue (non-digital) information resources in a new state-of-the-art high-density storage facility in Gatineau, where the national newspaper collection and records of Second World War veterans will be stored. The facility will feature a high bay metal shelving system with a suitable environment to better protect Canada's published heritage. In January 2019, Library and Archives Canada announced that negotiations for a new facility to be built next to the existing one in Gatineau were starting, with an opening date in 2022.

LAC's online collection is accessible via its website and LAC provides ongoing information online via its blog, podcasts, the Twitter and Facebook social networking services, the Flickr image-sharing site, and the YouTube video-sharing site. RSS feeds provide links to new content on the LAC website and news about LAC services and resources. A new modernized website is being developed and is scheduled for completion in 2013, with both new and old websites accessible during the transition period.

Modernization and budget cuts
In June 2004 LAC issued a discussion paper Creating a New Kind of Knowledge Institution, and after consultation in June 2006 it issued LAC Directions for Change, a document setting out five key directions to define the new institution:
A new kind of knowledge institution
A truly national institution
Working with others to strengthen the whole of Canada's documentary heritage
A prime learning destination
A lead institution in government information management.
LAC's modernization policy provides for transformation from an institution focused on the acquisition and preservation of analogue (non-digital) materials to one that excels in digital access and digital preservation. A Documentary Heritage Management Framework developed in 2009 seeks the right balance between resources dedicated to analogue and digital materials and is based on:
three main business pillars: acquisition, preservation and resource discovery (resource discovery includes description, discovery, access and services to the public)
four guiding principles for fulfilling its documentary heritage mandate, i.e. significance, sufficiency, sustainability and society (broad social context)
four key roles, i.e. foundation building (relationship building), collaboration, program (integrated collection management processes) and transfer (formal agreements with third parties to fulfill its legislated mandate).
Eight pilot research projects were initiated to validate the framework, including projects on military documentary heritage, aboriginal documentary heritage, and stewardship of newspapers in a digital age. In March 2010 LAC issued its final report on Canadian Digital Information Strategy stakeholder consultations initiated in accordance with its mandate to facilitate co-operation among Canadian knowledge communities. In the same month it issued Shaping Our Continuing Memory Collectively: A Representative Documentary Heritage, a document which outlines how it plans to achieve its modernization objectives.

Despite LAC's stated objectives of continuing to fulfill its mandate by adapting to changes in the information environment and collaboration with others, the actual experience since 2004 has been a reduction in both services and collaboration. Federal funding cuts since 2004 have also impacted on LAC services and acquisitions. A detailed timeline of relevant developments and the decline in LAC services since 2004 has been compiled by the Ex Libris Association.

Impact on employees
Following the announcement in the 2012 federal budget of a CDN$9.6 million funding cut over the three years commencing in 2012–13, more than 400 LAC employees received notices which indicated their jobs may be affected and the department announced a 20% reduction of its workforce of about 1,100 over the following three years. The "harsh" wording of a 23-page code of conduct for employees effective January 2013, which "spells out values, potential conflicts of interest and expected behaviours", has been criticized by the Association of Canadian Archivists and the Canadian Association of University Teachers among others. The code describes personal activities including teaching and speaking at or attending conferences as "high risk" activities "with regard to conflict of interest, conflict of duties and duty of loyalty" and participation in such activities is subject to strict conditions. In a section on duty of loyalty, it also cautions employees about expressing personal opinions in social media forums. Only authorized LAC spokespersons may issue statements or make public comments about LAC's mandate and activities, which includes controversial changes related to modernization and budget cuts.

Public criticism
Changes introduced under the management of Ian E. Wilson and Daniel J. Caron have been the subject of controversy and public criticism. Caron asserted that radical change is needed to cope with the influx and demand for digital material and they are subject to federal budget constraints.

 In 2011 the Canadian Association of University Teachers launched the Save Library & Archives Canada campaign.
 On May 2, 2012 the Canadian Library Association expressed concern about budget cuts to libraries, both in federal departments and at LAC.
 On May 31, 2012 the Association of Canadian Archivists announced its withdrawal from forums of LAC's Pan-Canadian Documentary Heritage Network, stating that it does not believe the network can meet the needs and interests of archives across Canada previously met by the National Archival Development Program abruptly terminated by LAC following the 2012 federal funding cut.
 In August 2012 the Bibliographical Society of Canada wrote to every Member of Parliament urging them to ensure budget cuts do not compromise LAC's legislated mandate. In a follow-up letter to Heritage Minister James Moore in November 2012 the Society singled out the termination of interlibrary loans as a particularly harmful decision.
 Bibliophile blogger Nigel Beale characterizes LAC as "Canada's national disgrace" in his blog Literary Tourist.
 Academic Ian Milligan describes LAC's "rhetoric of modernization" as a "smokescreen" for cutting services in light of the insignificance of and limited accessibility to LAC's online collections on the ActiveHistory.ca website.
 Historian Valerie Knowles outlines the impact of government cutbacks at LAC and federal government libraries in her article Closing doors on Canada's history on the iPolitics website.

Following Caron's resignation in May 2013, a stakeholder coalition issued a joint statement on the qualities of a successful Librarian and Archivist of Canada for official consideration in what they consider a "matter of great national significance":

In June 2013 the Heritage Minister said speeding up the digitization of records will be a priority for the new Librarian and Archivist of Canada. Moore also said he will ask the person appointed to revisit the termination of the National Archival Development Program.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission
During the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, Library and Archives Canada initially failed to produce records requested by the commission in a timely and comprehensive manner and was ordered by an Ontario Superior Court judge to do so. Ultimately, LAC did provide the records, but many were not in digitized and searchable formats as required by the commission.

The Calls to Action of the final report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission explicitly referenced Library and Archives Canada as follows:"69. We call upon Library and Archives Canada to: fully adopt and implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the United Nations Joinet-Orentlicher principles, as related to Aboriginal peoples' inalienable right to know the truth about what happened and why, with regard to human rights violations committed against them in the residential schools; ensure that its record holding related to residential schools are accessible to the public; [and] commit more resources to its public education materials and programming on residential schools."Library and Archives Canada has begun to address these concerns by dedicating funding to hire Indigenous archivists, build relationships with Indigenous communities, and support digitization efforts. However, Indigenous-led organizations have drawn attention to the fact that Indigenous communities have been conducting this type of work for decades.

LAC also holds and provides access to archival copies of the websites of organizations related to the TRC, in collaboration with the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation, the University of Winnipeg Library, and University of Manitoba Libraries.

Librarians and Archivists
The Librarian and Archivist of Canada has the same seniority level as a deputy minister of a federal department.

Current Librarian and Archivist of Canada
On May 27, 2019, Leslie Weir was appointed Librarian and Archivist of Canada for a four-year term commencing August 30, 2019. Ms. Weir is the first woman to hold this role.

Former Librarians and Archivists of Canada
2014–2019 Guy Berthiaume
2009–2013 Daniel J. Caron
2004–2009 Ian E. Wilson

Former National Librarians
1999–2004 Roch Carrier
1984–1999 Marianne Scott
1968–1983 Guy Sylvestre
1953–1968 William Kaye Lamb

Former National Archivists and Dominion Archivists
The head of Canada's national archives was known as the Dominion Archivist from 1872 to 1987 and the National Archivist from 1987 to 2004.

1999–2004 Ian E. Wilson
1985–1997 Jean-Pierre Wallot
1970–1984 Wilfred I. Smith
1948–1968 William Kaye Lamb
1937–1948 Gustave Lanctot
1904–1935 Sir Arthur George Doughty (A statue of Doughty is located on the north side of the LAC building in Ottawa.)
1872–1902 Douglas Brymner