Hannah Macdougall

Hannah MacDougall (born 31 July 1987) is a Paralympic swimming and cycling competitor from Australia.

Personal

She was born on 31 July 1987 in Melbourne. She attended Korowa Anglican Girls' School. In 2010, she completed a double degree in the Bachelor of Exercise and Sport Science/Bachelor of Commerce – Sport Management at Deakin University. In 2017, he completed a PhD at La Trobe University focusing on athlete well-being. as well as working part-time as an Athlete Career and Education advisor at the Victorian Institute of Sport. She is a Red Dust role model.

Macdougall's stated that: Participating in sport has been an extremely empowering experience for me; it has allowed me to increase my confidence, strengthen my social support networks, and provided meaning to my life. She credits Don Elgin as providing guidance and mentoring during her Paralympic career.

Career

Swimming

Macdougall was born without a right foot and fibula and competes in S10 swimming events. Macdougall became involved in competitive swimming in 1998. She represented Australia at the 2002 FESPIC Games and won two gold medals. In 2002, she broke the world record in 50m Women's Backstroke S10. She won a bronze medal at the 2004 Athens Games in the Women's 4 × 100 m Medley 34 pts event. At the 2006 IPC Swimming World Championships, she was a finalist in Women's 100m Backstroke s10.  She competed at the 2008 Beijing Games but did not win any medals. In 2009, she competed at the 1st World Short Course Swimming Championships and won a bronze medal in the Women's 100m Individual Medley and was a finalist in Women's 100m backstroke, Women's 200m Individual Medley and Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay.

Macdougall has stated during her swimming career she had over come surgery, shoulder injuries, missing team selections by .8 of a second, and dislocating a kneecap only a week out from the Athens Paralympic Games. Macdougall has also been involved in swimming teaching. She has been a Victorian Institute of Sport scholarship holder since 2002.

Cycling

In 2010, she took up cycling in the C4 classification. After only three weeks of training, she won two gold medals at the Victorian Championships and four weeks later won two silver medals at the Australian Para Road Cycling Championships in the Women's Time Trial and Road Race. In 2011, won two bronze medals in the Women's Time Trial and Pursuit at the 2011 Australian Track Cycling Championships. In 2012, two bronze medals in the Women's Time Trial and Road Race at the Australian Para Road Cycling Championships. She has been
selected to represent Australia at the 2016 UCI Para-cycling Track World Championships in Montichiari, Italy.

At the 2017 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa, she finished fourth in the Women's Time Trial C4 and fifth in the Women's Road Race C4-5. She won silver medals in the Women's Time Trial C4  and Women's Road Race C4 at  2018 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, Maniago, Italy.

At the 2019 UCI Para-cycling Road World Championships, Emmen, Netherlands, she finished fourth in the  Women's Time Trial C4 and fifth in the  Women's Road Race C4.

Recognition
 Co-captain of the Australian Paralympic Swim Team for both the 2006 IPC Swimming World Championships, and 2008 Beijing Games
 City of Stonnington Young Citizen of the Year in 2001.
 Leader Sports Star of the Year in the Stonnington District in 2005 & 2002
 In August 2017, Macdougall received the Athletes in Excellence Award from The Foundation for Global Sports Development in recognition of her community service efforts and work with youth.
In November 2017, she was awarded the Victorian Institute of Sport Sarah Tait Spirit Award.

External
Hannah Macdougall Motivational Website


Hulstlander

The Hulstlander is a small/medium breed of rabbit only recognised in white with pale blue eyes. Any other colour is a fault.


Shambhala (film)

Shambhala () is a 2012 Thai Drama Romance film directed by Panjapong Kongkanoy. It's the story of estranged brothers and complete opposites, who are thrown together on a spiritual pilgrimage to Tibet. It was released on August 23, 2012. The film stars Sunny Suwanmethanon as Wut and Ananda Everingham as his older brother Tin. The filming of this film was done in Tibet.

Plot
The movie follows brothers Wut (Sunny Suwanmethanon) and Tin (Ananda Everingham) as they set off for Tibet in search of Shambhala, a mythical kingdom in Buddhist tradition, to fulfill the wish of Wut's dying girlfriend, Nam (Nalintip Permpattarasakul). The brothers have a love-hate relationship, but as Wut wants to return to Nam with photographic proof of the trip he begrudgingly accepts Tin's company. As the journey gets more and more intense, the tension grows between the two, especially when a secret involving Tin's ex-girlfriend Jane (Ase Wang) is revealed.

Cast
 Sunny Suwanmethanon as Wut
 Ananda Everingham as Tin
 Nalintip Permpattarasakul as Nam
 Ase Wang as Jane

Awards and nominations


Romano Denneboom

Romano Joël Denneboom (born 29 January 1981) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a striker.

Club career
Born in Schiedam, Denneboom began his career in amateur football with Hekelingen and VV Spijkenisse. After turning professional in 1998 with Heerenveen, Denneboom has also played in the Netherlands for Willem II, NEC, Twente and Sparta Rotterdam. While playing for NEC in July 2004, Denneboom turned down a chance to sign for Scottish team Aberdeen as his wife was due to give birth.

After leaving Twente in the summer of 2010, Denneboom went on trial at Scottish Premier League club Hibernian in August 2010. By September 2010, the potential move to Hibernian stalled over the length of the contract on offer.

On 11 January 2011, Denneboom signed with Arminia Bielefeld until the end of the season.
On 16 November 2011, it was reported that he was on trial with Luton Town.

International career
Denneboom made one international appearance for Netherlands national football team in a friendly against Liechtenstein on 3 September 2004. During this match he was replaced at half time by Dirk Kuyt, who also made his first international appearance.


Glyphidocera ancillae

Glyphidocera ancillae is a moth in the Autostichidae family. It was described by Adamski in 2005. It is found in Costa Rica.


Ditylus quadricollis

Ditylus quadricollis is a species of false blister beetle in the family Oedemeridae. It is found in North America.


Style Louis XV

The Style Louis XV or Louis Quinze (, ) is a style of architecture and decorative arts which appeared during the reign of Louis XV. From 1710 until about 1730, a period known as the Régence, it was largely an extension of the Style Louis XIV of his great-grandfather and predecessor, Louis XIV. From about 1730 until about 1750, it became more original, decorative and exuberant, in what was known as the Rocaille style, under the influence of the King's mistress, Madame de Pompadour.  It marked the beginning of the European Rococo movement.  From 1750 until the King's death in 1774, it became more sober, ordered, and began to show the influences of Neoclassicism.

Architecture
The chief architect of the King was Jacques Gabriel from 1734 until 1742, and then his more famous son, Ange-Jacques Gabriel, until the end of the reign. His major works included the Ecole Militaire, the ensemble of buildings overlooking the Place Louis XV (now Place de la Concorde; 1761-1770), and the Petit Trianon at Versailles (1764).  Over the course of the reign of Louis XV, while interiors were lavishly decorated, the facades gradually became simpler, less ornamented and more classical. The facades designed by Gabriel were carefully rhymed and balanced by rows of windows and columns, and, on large buildings like the Place de la Concorde, often featured grand arcades on the street level, and classical pediments or balustrades on the roofline. Ornamental features sometimes included curving wrought-iron balconies with undulating rocaille designs, similar to the rocaille decoration of the interiors.

The religious architecture of the period was also sober and monumental, and it tended, at the end of the reign, toward the neoclassical. Major examples include the Church of Saint-Genevieve (now the Panthéon), built from 1758 to 1790 to a design by Jacques-Germain Soufflot, and the Church of Saint-Philippe-du-Roule (1765-1777) by Jean Chalgrin, which featured an enormous barrel-vaulted nave.

Interior decoration

Interior decoration during the reign of Louis XV fell into two periods;  the first especially featured rocaille ornament, sculpted sinuous curves and counter-curves, often in floral and vegetative patterns, applied to the panels of the walls, often with medallions in the center.  The panels large mirrors were framed in often framed with sculpted palm leaves or other floral decoration. Unlike the rococo style, the ornament was usually restrained, symmetrical and balanced. In the early period of the style, the designs were often inspired by French versions of Chinese art, animals, especially monkeys (Singerie) and arabesques, or themes taken from works of the artists of the period, including Jean Bérain the Younger, Watteau and Jean Audran.

After 1750, in reaction to the excesses of the earlier style, the designs and moldings on the interior walls were white or pale colored, more geometric, decorated with sculpted garlands, roses, and crowns, and ornamented with designs inspired by ancient Greece and Rome. This style was found in the Salon de Compagnie at the Petit Trianon, and it was the predecessor of the Louis XVI style.

Furniture

The chairs of the Louis XV style, compared with those of Louis XIV,  were characterized by lightness, comfort and harmony of lines. The traverse support of the legs disappeared, and the chairs were designed so one could sit back comfortably. The legs had a curving 'S shape. The carved decor featured sculpted fleurettes, palmettes, seashells, and foliage. The dossier, or back of the chair, was violones, slightly curved like a violin.  Several new variants of chairs appeared including the bergere, with stuffed upholstered arms, A confessional, with upholstered and padded arms; the Marquise, a bergere seating two persons, with a low back, and short arms.

The console table was a table designed to be placed against a wall, usually used for displaying art objects;  it was almost always in the rocaille style, with undulating curves, modeled after seashells and foliage. very sinuous, twisting rocaille modeled after seashells and foliage.

The commode was a new type of furniture which had first appeared late in the reign of Louis XIV.  It was a chest drawers resting on four S-shaped legs.  It usually featured gilded bronze ornament, but during the reign of Louis XV, it was also covered with plaques of exotic woods of different colors in geometric patterns or floral shapes.  A particular variation, called the façon de Chine or "Chinese fashion"  emerged, which contrasted the gilded bronze against black lacquered wood. A large number of skilled ébénistes from around Europe were employed to fine wood Commodes and other furniture for the King.  They included Jean-François Oeben, Roger Vandercruse Lacroix, Gilles Joubert, Antoine Gaudreau, and Martin Carlin.

A variety of other new types of furniture appeared, including the chiffonier, a cabinet with five drawers, and the table de toilette, a kind of desk-table with three shutters, the central one having a mirror.

Later in the reign of Louis XV, between 1755 and 1760, tastes in furniture began to change. The rocaille designs began more discreet and restrained, and the influence of antiquity and neo-classicism began to appear in new designs of furniture.  The Commodes became to have more geometric forms;  the decoration turned from rocaille to geometric forms, garlands of oak leaves, flowers and classical motifs. A new type of tall cabinet, the Cartonnier, made its appearance between 1760 and 1765.  It took its inspiration from Greek mythology and architecture, with friezes, vaulting, sculpted trophies, bronze lion heads,  and other classic, elements.

Painting

The dominant subjects of painting in the early reign of Louis XV were mythology and history, the same as those of Louis XIV.  Later in the reign, when Louis began to construct new apartments within the palaces of Versailles and Fontainebleau, his tastes turned more to pastoral scenes and genre painting. Madame de Pompadour, the king's mistress, was also one of the major patrons of the artists of the period.

The most favored artist of the King was François Boucher,  He produced for the King art of every description; religious paintings, genre scenes, landscapes, pastorals, and exotic scenes, frequently featuring gatherings of cheerful and seductive nudes. As the king's other great passion was hunting, he painted Leopard hunt (1765) and Crocodile hunt (1767) for the King's new apartments at Versailles. In 1767, near the end of the career, he was named First Painter of the King.

Other notable painters included Jean Baptiste Oudry, whose hunting scenes decorated royal apartments in Versailles, and were made into tapestries and popular engravings; the portrait artists Maurice Quentin de la Tour and Jean-Marc Nattier, who made portraits for the royal family and aristocracy; and the genre painter Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin.

Sculpture
The sculptural styles of the Grand Siécle of Louis XIV continued to dominate during most of the reign of Louis XV.  Madame de Pompadour was a particularly enthusiastic patroness of sculpture, and many busts and statues were made of her or commissioned by her.  The most prominent sculptors of the early period were the Guillaume Coustou the Younger and his brother, Guillaume Coustou the Elder, Robert Le Lorrain, and Edmé Bouchardon.  Bouchardon created the equestrian statue of Louis XV for the center of the new Place Louis XV (now Place de la Concorde) which was modeled after that of Louis XIV in the Place Louis le Grand (now Place Vendôme) by François Girardon.  After the death of Bouchardon, the statue was finished by another major monumentalist of the period, Jean-Baptiste Pigalle. In the later part of the reign of Louis XV, sculptors began to give greater attention to the faces; the leaders of this new style were Jean-Antoine Houdon noted for his busts of celebrated authors and statesmen, and Augustin Pajou, who made notable portrait busts of the natural scientist Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon and Madame du Barry.  Sculpture began to reach a larger popular audience during this period, thanks to reproductions made from terra cotta and unglazed porcelain.

Urbanism: monumental squares and fountains

In the later years of his reign, Louis constructed a major new square in the center of the city, Place Louis XV (now Place de la Concorde, with a harmonious row of new buildings, designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel. He built other monumental squares in the centers of Rennes and Bordeaux.  He also constructed one monumental fountain in Paris, the Fontaine des Quatre-Saisons, with statuary by Edmé Bouchardon; but it was poorly sited on a narrow street, and while it had an abundance of sculpture, because of the antiquated water supply of Paris, it produced very little water. The fountain was criticized by Voltaire in a letter to the Count de Caylus in 1739, while it was still under construction:


Rahimabad-e Agah

Rahimabad-e Agah (, also Romanized as Raḩīmābād-e Āgāh; also known as Raḩīmābād) is a village in Eslamiyeh Rural District, in the Central District of Rafsanjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 287, in 67 families.


Kavi Kunjara Bharati

Kavi Kunjara Bharati (1810–1896) was a Tamil poet and a composer of Carnatic music. He was born in a family with long involvement in music and scholarship.

Ancestry
His ancestors belonged to Tirunelveli district. His parents lived in the village of Perungarai in Ramanathapuram district. It is said the whole village was a gift  from Maharaja Ragunatha Sethupathi (1675-1670) to their family.  His given name was Koteeswara Bharathi after his grand father with the same name. His father was Subramanya Bharathi.  His father and grandfather were also well known musicians as well as his maternal grand father, Nandanur Nagabharathi. Father Subramanya Bharathi and grandfather Kotiswara Bharathi were also scholars in Tamil & Sanskrit. His parents, who were longing to have a child, prayed weekly at the Murugan temple in Kodumalur (near Perungarai) and the child was considered to be blessed by lord Muruga.

In his early boyhood he was taught  Sanskrit and Tamil and thanks to his brilliance in poetry, language skills and music, he developed an intellectual relationship with the then famous poet Madurakavi Bharathiar. One could imagine fruitful discussions among the two in the presence of their families and Koteeswara Bharthi, at the early age of 12  started composing Kirtanams and prabandhams  in the praise of his favourite gods Muruga, Meenalkshi Sundareswarar and Subrahmanya.
When he was 18, he became critically ill and at this stage the legend says that the local deity appeared in his dreams and told him to compose songs in her praise in order to get well. The next day he found that he was feeling much stronger and full of verve. He then fulfilled the deity's wish and composed a prabhandham in the name of the deity and sang it in the temple.

His most famous work, the Opera "Azhahar Kuravanji", was composed in 1840. It was first sang in a zamindar's palace in Sivaganga and soon his fame spread all over the region . He was than invited by the king Gouri Vallabha of Sivaganga to present his works in the presence of the intellectual community in his palace which he did with brilliance. He was than given the title "Kavi Kunjaram" and was appointed as the "Asthana Vidwan" in his court. He was thus respected by the royal court of Sivaganga and he continued to be in the court of the later Sivaganga king "Chatrapathi Bodaguru". He is known to have composed "Vengai kummi" to commemorate the hunting prowess of the king after he killed a 16 foot tiger. The king was so pleased that he presented him with a village called "Kottangachi yendal" and was accompanied by royal presents and traveled in a royal palanquin to his village

He was later invited by the king of Ramnad to his court and was appointed as  Asthana vidwan of Ramnad too. To fulfil the royal desire he created a  collection called "Skaanda purana Kirtanai" on the mystery of lord Subramanya's  avatar. He was about 55 by the time the book was released. He then lived a pious and respected life in his village. There are tales of him creating a "Venba" to provoke rainfall in his village and a prayer he composed to cure his buffalo. At the age of 86 he passed way surrounded by his loved ones and full of prayers and divine thoughts.

Works
The collection of his compositions include,  Azhahar Kuravanji  in praise of Maliruncholamali azhahar, "Adaikkala malai"and Kayarkani malai"in praise of Meenakshi Amman and Tiruvangaada Malai "in praise of Lord Venkatachalapathi. His other notable contributions is a collection called "Perinbha kirthanaigal".

A few works are available giving a glimpse of his beautiful compositions.  Azhahar Kuravanji, itself was first released with full notations by his illustrious grandson Koteeswara Ayyar in 1916 along with the Skaanda puranam and Perinba kirtahanigal in three volumes.

Koteeswara Ayyar is known for his compositions in the 72 Melakarta ragas. There is a small confusion between the two composers, as they have almost the same "mudrai". To avoid this confusion, Kavi Kunjara Bharathi used "kavikunjaram" as his mudrai and Koteeswara ayyar's mudrai was "kavikunjara dasan". In fact the first volume of the 36 sudddha madyama melakarthas by Shri Koteeswara ayyar -- called "Kanda ganamudham" is dedicated to his maternal grandfather Kavi Kunjara bharathi.

A more recent version of Azahar Kuravanji was released by K. Nagamani, the son of Koteeswara ayyar. Here are some of his other famous compositions:

Elloraiyum Polave - Suddhasaveri
Ennadi Penne Unakku - Begada
Pithanavan - Anandbairavi
Singaravelanai - Danyasi
Sannidhi Kandu - Mohanam

The first song was the favourite of S.G.Kittappa and T.R.Mahalingam who have given disc recordings of it.
kavikunjara bharathi is the composer of kauravanji

Azhahar Kuravanji

Kuravanjis are dance-dramas in  Tamil half way between Bhaagavatha Mela Naa''''taka and rustic dance-dramas. The accent is on high entertainment value with the use of Rakti raagas and folk tunes. Rhythmic sol-fa passages and onomatopoeic phrases are used to enliven the pure dance passages.

Azhahar Kuravanji is the story of the heroine falling in love with Maalazhagar. The first invocatory song in Kanada is in Sanskrit and here one can read the mudrai "Hitha kunjara bhanita"in the charanam. In fact, this first song itself shows that Kavikunjara Bhaarathi, a contemporary of Shri Tyaagaraaja has adopted the classical division of the composition into pallavi, anupallavi and Charanam.

A beautiful description of Maalazhagar surrounded by his devotees performing all services follows in the Saaranga raga song. The arrival of Mohanavalli along with her sakhis is portrayed in the Khamaas raaga composition.
A few lines like the ones below makes one imagine the beautiful heroine playing ball with her friends

"Chandranenum vadanattil oli minna
Takatakajjanu takadari kitutajanu takadom enrani
Mohanavalli pandu aadinaal"

This song is followed by a classical kummi in Maanji raagam.

An interesting phraseology can be seen in the 3rd charanam:

"Mohanavalli yamuda valliyadi,
Muthuvalli adiyadi chitravalli.
Naagavalli pachundothihai valli, nava
Ratnavalli yaalnanda valli".

Maalazhagar comes in procession and Mohanavalli immediately falls in love with him. The famous song "Ivanaro in Khamboji"
The astonished heroine says (in the first charanam):

"paadathiloru mangai pakkatiloru mangai,
Cheedattulavam poonda tirumaarbiloru mangai
Yedukkai anindano ivan daan en perumaano"

Mohanavalli is love- stricken and her mother is worried about her daughter's plight.
This is depicted in the song in Kaapi:

"Malaiyum chempon olaiyum Varna
chelaiyum aniyaamal
Kaalaiyum andimaalaiyum ennam
Kalangi urakkam vilangiye miha endan
Mahal ennamo oru
Vahaiyaha irukkiraale"

Mohanavalli's Sakhi is then sent to Azhahar where she conveys the heroine's feelings in the beautiful song in Maanji "Mohanavalli minnal". The sakhi then consoles the heroine and asks her to be patient in the song in Kedaaragowla  "paavaiye sami varumun ittanai padattam tan unakkenadi". Mohanavalli then laments to the ocean about her love in the Chenchurutti song and she rebukes the moon on being cruel towards her in the song in Behag. Enters the Gypsy in the famous song in Begada "maalai Kuravanji Vandaale". The gypsy woman's beauty is described in the second charanam:

"Minnalennum idaiyaal – annamennum nadaiyaal
Menkai ilangiya kanganavosai
Kaleen kaleen enru kulunga nalangodu
Maalai Kuravanji Vandaale"

One can see the use of onomatopoeia to bring out the movement of the hands and the tinkling of bracelets.
This is then followed by a fairly long passage describing the Gypsy tribe and their ways. There is a full description of the flora and fauna and it would be interesting to compare the current eco-system with the one described in this kuravanji.
In the Bhairavi song the gypsy vaunts of her capacities as in these lines

"kallinum naar iruppen – manalaiyum
Kayirena thirippen nalla
Vallamaiyayangai nelli-k- kaniyena
Chollum kurikondu velluven"

Mohanavalli requests the gypsy to read her palm lines and the gypsy then starts the rituals before undertaking this task. She finally predicts the heroine's future and assures her that her wishes will be fulfilled. The gypsy announces the arrival of Maalazhahar in the romantic Sahaana raaga song "Vandu cheruvar maane".

The final marriage scene is described in the song in Mohanam. This is followed by a secondary folk theme on the marriage of the gypsy woman. The play ends with a mangalam in Sauraashtram.


Elska (magazine)

Elska is a bi-monthly magazine, dedicated to male photography and culture. The magazine was launched in the United Kingdom but is now based in the United States.

History
Elska magazine was created by Liam Campbell, and its first edition was released in September, 2015. Its name means "love" in Icelandic.

Overview
Elska is published six times a year. It features photographs by its chief photographer Liam Campbell as well as guest features by established and emerging photographers. Each issue is dedicated to and shot in a different city, featuring photospreads of local men, each accompanied by stories which are mostly written by the men themselves and allow the participants to candidly open up about their lives.

Elska has been defined as "part intellectual queer pin-up mag and part sexy anthropology journal". One of the main ideas which separates Elska from other gay photography related publications is that it does not feature perfect models, but instead focuses on real people with their imperfections, presenting real life people and stories, and providing a kaleidoscope glimpse at queer men and community around the globe. It is a multicultural magazine, with issues themed on cities around the world including Berlin, Lviv, Reykjavík, Lisbon, Cardiff, Brussels, Helsinki and Istanbul in Europe; Taipei, Mumbai, Haifa and Yokohama in Asia; Toronto, Los Angeles, Providence and Bogotá in the Americas; Cape Town in Africa; and Perth in Australia.

Elska has become known for its diversity, profiling people of various races, ages, and body types. It has also been described as having a message of body positivity, and was described by The Advocate as "probably the nicest, most sincere magazine to have ever been created". The magazine assumes the idea that it does not matter what shape, size, colour, or race a person has, he is beautiful.


Urdini Lakes

The Urdini Lakes () are a group of glacial lakes, situated in the northwestern Rila Mountains in Bulgaria. They are not as popular with the tourists as the Seven Rila Lakes further west, because they are situated in the most difficultly accessible areas of the mountain range. The Urdini lakes are located in the western section of the homonymous cirque between the summits of Damga (2,670 m) to the northwest and Dodov peak (2,661 m) to the south. They consist of six lakes: Suhoto (Bulgarian for Dry), Ribnoto (Fish), Triagalnoto (Triangle), Botanicheskoto (Botanical), Golyamata Panitsa and Malkata Panitsa. The lakes are drained by the river Urdina, a right tributary of the Cherni Iskar, which is considered the main stem of Bulgaria's longest river that runs entirely within the country, the Iskar.

The individual lakes have a relatively small size, between 0.8 and 2.5 hectares. At smallest one is Ribnoto Lake (at an altitude of 2,348 m), which due to its proximity to the summit of Damga, at about 500 m to the southeast of the peak, is also called Damgsko Lake. Although this lake is the smallest in size, it has the largest catchment area in the group. The largest lake in both size and volume is Golyamata Panitsa Lake with an area of 2.5 hectares and volume of 89,500 m³. With an altitude of 2,278 m, it is the lowest in the lake group. The second largest is Triagalnoto Lake Triangle with an area of 2.34 hectares. The highest lake is Suhoto Lake, located not far from Dodov peak at an altitude of 2375 m. It has a circular shape and reaches 5 m in depth. The deepest lake at 7.6 m is Malkata Panitsa (2,336 m), situated to the east of the Ribnoto. Its outflow forms a small waterfall before it pours into Golyamata Panitsa Lake and then into the Urdina River.

In 1985 the Urdini Lakes were declared a natural landmark of national and international importance. They fall within the boundaries of the Rila National Park. The lakes are rich in river and rainbow trout; the latter is an introduced species. Fishing is forbidden.


OSI-7904

OSI-7904 is a noncompetitive liposomal thymidylate synthase inhibitor. OSI-7904 is a benzoquinazoline folate analog with antineoplastic activity. As a thymidylate synthase inhibitor, OSI-7904 noncompetitively binds to thymidylate synthase, resulting in inhibition of thymine nucleotide synthesis and DNA replication.

OSI-7904L is a liposome-encapsulated formulation of OSI-7904. Liposome encapsulation improves the efficacy and increases the half-life of OSI-7904.

Its effect on solid tumors is currently under evaluation.


Lyric poetry

Lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person. The term derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature, the lyric, which was defined by its musical accompaniment, usually on a stringed instrument known as a lyre.<ref>Miller, Andrew. Greek Lyric: An Anthology in Translation/books?id=80MpjrOfTH8C&pg=PR12 pp. xii ff]. Hackett Publishing (Indianapolis), 1996. .</ref> The term owes its importance in literary theory to the division developed by Aristotle between three broad categories of poetry: lyrical, dramatic, and epic.

Meters
Much lyric poetry depends on regular meter based either on number of syllables or on stress. The most common meters are as follows:
Iambic – two syllables, with the short or unstressed syllable followed by the long or stressed syllable.
Trochaic – two syllables, with the long or stressed syllable followed by the short or unstressed syllable. In English, this metre is found almost entirely in lyric poetry.
Pyrrhic – Two unstressed syllables
Anapestic – three syllables, with the first two short or unstressed and the last long or stressed.
Dactylic – three syllables, with the first one long or stressed and the other two short or unstressed.
Spondaic – two syllables, with two successive long or stressed syllables.
Some forms have a combination of meters, often using a different meter for the refrain.

History

Antiquity

Greece

For the ancient Greeks, lyric poetry had a precise technical meaning: verse that was accompanied by a lyre, cithara, or barbitos. Because such works were typically sung, it was also known as melic poetry. The lyric or melic poet was distinguished from the writer of plays (although Athenian drama included choral odes, in lyric form), the writer of trochaic and iambic verses (which were recited), the writer of elegies (accompanied by the flute, rather than the lyre) and the writer of epic.  The scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria created a canon of nine lyric poets deemed especially worthy of critical study. These archaic and classical musician-poets included Sappho, Alcaeus, Anacreon and Pindar.  Archaic lyric was characterized by strophic composition and live musical performance. Some poets, like Pindar extended the metrical forms in odes to a triad, including strophe, antistrophe (metrically identical to the strophe) and epode (whose form does not match that of the strophe).

Rome
Among the major surviving Roman poets of the classical period, only Catullus (N° 11, 17, 30, 34, 51, 61) and Horace (Odes) wrote lyric poetry, which in the disputed view of some commentators was no longer meant to be sung but instead read or recited. What remained were the forms, the lyric meters of the Greeks adapted to Latin.  Catullus was influenced by both archaic and Hellenistic Greek verse and belonged to a group of Roman poets called the Neoteroi ("New Poets") who spurned epic poetry following the lead of Callimachus. Instead, they composed brief, highly polished poems in various thematic and metrical genres.  The Roman love elegies of Tibullus, Propertius, and Ovid (Amores, Heroides), with their personal phrasing and feeling, may be the thematic ancestor of much medieval, Renaissance, Romantic, and modern lyric poetry, but these works were composed in elegiac couplets and so were not lyric poetry in the ancient sense.

China

During China's Warring States period, the Songs of Chu collected by Qu Yuan and Song Yu defined a new form of poetry that came from the exotic Yangtze Valley, far from the Wei and Yellow River homeland of the traditional four-character verses collected in the Book of Songs. The varying forms of the new Chu ci provided more rhythm and greater latitude of expression.

Medieval verse
Originating in 10th-century Persian, a ghazal is a poetic form consisting of couplets that share a rhyme and a refrain. Formally, it consists of a short lyric composed in a single meter with a single rhyme throughout. The central subject is love. Notable authors include Hafiz, Amir Khusro, Auhadi of Maragheh, Alisher Navoi, Obeid e zakani, Khaqani Shirvani, Anvari, Farid al-Din Attar, Omar Khayyam, and Rudaki. The ghazal was introduced to European poetry in the early 19th century by the Germans Schlegel, Von Hammer-Purgstall, and Goethe, who called Hafiz his "twin".

Lyric in European literature of the medieval or Renaissance period means a poem written so that it could be set to music—whether or not it actually was. A poem's particular structure, function, or theme might all vary. The lyric poetry of Europe in this period was created by the pioneers of courtly poetry and courtly love largely without reference to the classical past. The troubadors, travelling composers and performers of songs, began to flourish towards the end of the 11th century and were often imitated in successive centuries.  Trouvères were poet-composers who were roughly contemporary with and influenced by the troubadours but who composed their works in the northern dialects of France. The first known trouvère was Chrétien de Troyes (fl. 1160s–80s). The dominant form of German lyric poetry in the period was the minnesang, "a love lyric based essentially on a fictitious relationship between a knight and his high-born lady". Initially imitating the lyrics of the French troubadours and trouvères, minnesang soon established a distinctive tradition. There was also a large body of medieval Galician-Portuguese lyric. Hebrew singer-poets of the Middle Ages included Yehuda Halevi, Solomon ibn Gabirol, and Abraham ibn Ezra.

In Italy, Petrarch developed the sonnet form pioneered by Giacomo da Lentini and Dante's Vita Nuova. In 1327, according to the poet, the sight of a woman called Laura in the church of Sainte-Claire d'Avignon awoke in him a lasting passion, celebrated in the Rime sparse ("Scattered rhymes"). Later, Renaissance poets who copied Petrarch's style named this collection of 366 poems Il Canzoniere ("The Song Book"). Laura is in many ways both the culmination of medieval courtly love poetry and the beginning of Renaissance love lyric.

A bhajan or kirtan is a Hindu devotional song. Bhajans are often simple songs in lyrical language expressing emotions of love for the Divine. Notable authors include Kabir, Surdas, and Tulsidas.

Chinese Sanqu poetry was a Chinese poetic genre popular from the 12th-century Jin Dynasty through to the early  Ming. Early 14th-century playwrights like Ma Zhiyuan and Guan Hanqing were well-established writers of Sanqu. Against the usual tradition of using Classical Chinese, this poetry was composed in the vernacular.

16th century
In 16th-century Britain, Thomas Campion wrote lute songs and Sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, and William Shakespeare popularized the sonnet.

In France, La Pléiade—including Pierre de Ronsard, Joachim du Bellay, and Jean-Antoine de Baïf—aimed to break with earlier traditions of French poetry—particularly Marot and the grands rhétoriqueurs—and began imitating classical Greek and Roman forms such as the odes. Favorite poets of the school were Pindar, Anacreon, Alcaeus, Horace, and Ovid. They also produced Petrarchan sonnet cycles.

Spanish devotional poetry adapted the lyric for religious purposes. Notable examples were Teresa of Ávila, John of the Cross, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Garcilaso de la Vega, and Lope de Vega.  Although better known for his epic Os Lusíadas, Luís de Camões is also considered the greatest Portuguese lyric poet of the period.

In Japan, the naga-uta ("long song") was a lyric poem popular in this era. It alternated five and seven-syllable lines and ended with an extra seven-syllable line.

17th century
Lyrical poetry was the dominant form of 17th-century English poetry from John Donne to Andrew Marvell. The poems of this period were short. Rarely narrative, they tended towards intense expression. Other notable poets of the era include Ben Jonson, Robert Herrick, George Herbert, Aphra Behn, Thomas Carew, John Suckling, Richard Lovelace, John Milton, Richard Crashaw, and Henry Vaughan. A German lyric poet of the period is Martin Opitz; in Japan, this was the era of the noted haiku-writer Matsuo Bashō.

18th century
In the 18th century, lyric poetry declined in England and France. The atmosphere of literary discussion in the English coffeehouses and French salons was not congenial to lyric poetry. Exceptions include the lyrics of Robert Burns, William Cowper, Thomas Gray, and Oliver Goldsmith. German lyric poets of the period include Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Novalis, Friedrich Schiller, and Johann Heinrich Voß. Kobayashi Issa was a Japanese lyric poet during this period. In Diderot's Encyclopédie, Louis chevalier de Jaucourt described lyric poetry of the time as "a type of poetry totally devoted to sentiment; that's its substance, its essential object".

19th century

In Europe, the lyric emerged as the principal poetic form of the 19th century and came to be seen as synonymous with poetry. Romantic lyric poetry consisted of first-person accounts of the thoughts and feelings of a specific moment; the feelings were extreme but personal.

The traditional sonnet was revived in Britain, with William Wordsworth writing more sonnets than any other British poet. Other important Romantic lyric writers of the period include Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Lord Byron. Later in the century, the Victorian lyric was more linguistically self-conscious and defensive than the Romantic forms had been. Such Victorian lyric poets include Alfred Lord Tennyson and Christina Rossetti.

Lyric poetry was popular with the German reading public between 1830 and 1890, as shown in the number of poetry anthologies published in the period. According to Georg Lukács, the verse of Joseph von Eichendorff exemplified the German Romantic revival of the folk-song tradition initiated by Goethe, Herder, and Arnim and Bretano's Des Knaben Wunderhorn''.

France also saw a revival of the lyric voice during the 19th century. The lyric became the dominant mode of French poetry during this period. For Walter Benjamin, Charles Baudelaire was the last example of lyric poetry "successful on a mass scale" in Europe.

In Russia, Aleksandr Pushkin exemplified a rise of lyric poetry during the 18th and early 19th centuries. The Swedish "Phosphorists" were influenced by the Romantic movement and their chief poet Per Daniel Amadeus Atterbom produced many lyric poems. Italian lyric poets of the period include Ugo Foscolo, Giacomo Leopardi, Giovanni Pascoli, and Gabriele D'Annunzio. Spanish lyric poets include Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, Rosalía de Castro, and José de Espronceda. Japanese lyric poets include Taneda Santoka, Masaoka Shiki, and Ishikawa Takuboku.

20th century

In the earlier years of the 20th century rhymed lyric poetry, usually expressing the feelings of the poet, was the dominant poetic form in the United States, Europe, and the British colonies. The English Georgian poets and their contemporaries such as A. E. Housman, Walter de la Mare, and Edmund Blunden used the lyric form. The Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore was praised by William Butler Yeats for his lyric poetry; Yeats compared him to the troubadour poets when the two met in 1912.

The relevance and acceptability of the lyric in the modern age was, though, called into question by modernist poets such as Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, H.D., and William Carlos Williams, who rejected the English lyric form of the 19th century, feeling that it relied too heavily on melodious language, rather than complexity of thought. After World War II, the American New Criticism returned to the lyric, advocating a poetry that made conventional use of rhyme, meter and stanzas, and was modestly personal in the lyric tradition. Lyric poetry dealing with relationships, sex and domestic life constituted the new mainstream of American poetry in the late 20th century following the confessional poets of the 1950s and ’60s such as Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton.


Adan Keynan Wehliye

Dr. Adan Keynan Wehliye is the longest serving National Assembly MP in Northern Kenya.He is from dagodia clan ,jibrael subclan. He served Wajir West from 1997 to 2002, and then from 2007 to 2013. He then moved to Eldas constituency which was csrved from Wajir West. Keynan served as Eldas MP in the 11th Parliament and he was then re-elected to serve the same constituency in 12th parliament.

Keynan is known as "kingmaker" of Wajir politics. In 2013 he brought little known Ahmed Abdullahi to battle senior politician Mohamed Abdi Mohamud as Wajir Governor. He succeeded in his mission. In the 2017 general election Kenyan led all elected leaders in the Jubilee Party and offered to support Amb Mohamed Abdi Mohamud for gubernatorial position. For the second time Keynan managed to achieve his aim. In Wajir County politics, they say it's either Dr. Keynan's way or face the 'dust'. In addition, he is the only MP who was re-elected from the county. Keynan formed a foundation known as Adan Keynan Foundation to help afforestation, education and youth and women empowerment. The foundation was formed 2011 and up to now runs major activities in Wajir county.


Nelson Dock, Liverpool

Nelson Dock is a dock on the River Mersey, England, and part of the Port of Liverpool. It is situated in the northern dock system in Vauxhall, connected to Bramley-Moore Dock to the north and Salisbury Dock to the south.

History
The dock was designed by Jesse Hartley and opened in 1848.

In 2007, the Peel Group, owners of the Mersey Docks and Harbour Company, unveiled the £5.5 billion 'Liverpool Waters' regeneration programme. Nelson Dock is encompassed in the  site.


2019 Tennis Challenger Hamburg – Singles

This was the first edition of the tournament.

Botic van de Zandschulp won the title after defeating Bernabé Zapata Miralles 6–3, 5–7, 6–1 in the final.

Seeds
All seeds receive a bye into the second round.

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4


Towé

Towé is an arrondissement in the Plateau department of Benin. It is an administrative division under the jurisdiction of the commune of Pobè. According to the population census conducted by the Institut National de la Statistique Benin on February 15, 2002, the arrondissement had a total population of 11,712.


2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game

The 2001 McDonald's All-American Boys Game was an All-star basketball game played on Wednesday, March 28, 2001 at the Cameron Indoor Stadium in Durham, North Carolina. The game's rosters featured the best and most highly recruited high school boys graduating in 2001. The game was the 24th annual version of the McDonald's All-American Game first played in 1978.

2001 game
The game was telecast live by ESPN. The game was fast paced and ended with one of the highest scores of the history of the event. The East team gained the lead in the first two quarters helped by Dajuan Wagner (who scored a total of 25 points, 11 in the first half), Chris Thomas and Julius Hodge. The first half ended with the East winning on the West by 15 points. Things changed in the second half, when Eddy Curry, Kelvin Torbert and Daniel Ewing led the West to a comeback. Curry had 28 points and earned the MVP award. Other players who starred were Kwame Brown and Tyson Chandler, who, like Curry, after the good performance decided to skip college and declare for the NBA draft; T. J. Ford, who recorded 11 points, 10 rebounds and 7 assists; and David Lee. Of the 24 players, 17 went on to play at least 1 game in the NBA. An unprecedented number of players declared their eligibility for the 2001 NBA Draft: 5 McDonald's All-Americans chose to go straight to professional basketball. Among them, Kwame Brown became the first overall pick to be drafted out of high school. The others were Tyson Chandler (2nd overall), game MVP Eddy Curry (4th overall), DeSagana Diop (8th overall) and Ousmane Cisse (46th overall pick, never played in the NBA).

East roster

West roster

Coaches
The East team was coached by:
 Head Coach Jerry Faulkner of Charlotte Latin School (Charlotte, North Carolina)
 Asst Coach Donay Fullwood of Charlotte Latin School (Charlotte, North Carolina)
 Asst Coach Howard West of Charlotte Latin School (Charlotte, North Carolina)

The West team was coached by:
 Head Coach Robert Hughes of Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (Fort Worth, Texas)
 Asst Coach Leandros Rambo of Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (Fort Worth, Texas)
 Asst Coach Charles Hickman of Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (Fort Worth, Texas)

All-American Week

Contest winners
 The 2001 Slam Dunk contest was won by David Lee.
 The 2001 3-point shoot-out was won by Maurice Williams.


XLooking Forwardx

xLooking Forwardx is an American Christian hardcore band, and they primarily play hardcore punk, while they are members of the straight edge movement. They come from Bel Air, Maryland. The band started making music in 1999. Their lineup consists of brothers Justin (vocals) and Josh Chaillou (guitars), their cousin Kevin Doherty (bass), and Kevin O'Brien (drums). The band released a studio album, Ahoy Crew Members!, in 2002 with DFF Records. Their subsequent studio album, What This Means to Me, was released by Blood and Ink Records, in 2004. The signed to Facedown Records, where they released, The Path We Tread, a studio album, in 2005. Their next release, an extended play, Down with the Ship, was released by Facedown Records, in 2012.

Background
xLooking Forwardx is a Christian hardcore band from Bel Air, Maryland, and are members of the straight edge movement. Their members are vocalist, Justin Chaillou, guitarist, Josh Chaillou, bassist, Kevin Doherty, and drummer, Kevin O'Brien.

Music history
The band commenced as a musical entity in September 1999, with their first release, Ahoy Crew Members!, a studio album, that was released by DFF Records. Their subsequent studio album, What This Means to Me, was released on January 20, 2004, by Blood and Ink Records. They signed with Facedown Records, where they released, The Path We Tread, on November 8, 2005. The next release, an extended play, Down with the Ship, was released on June 19, 2012, by Facedown Records.

Members
Current members
 Justin Chaillou - vocals
 Josh Chaillou - guitar
 Kevin Doherty - bass
 Kevin O'Brien - drums

Discography
Studio albums
 Ahoy Crew Members! (2002, DFF)
 What This Means to Me (January 20, 2004, Blood and Ink)
 The Path We Tread (November 8, 2005, Facedown)
EPs
 Down with the Ship (June 19, 2012, Facedown)
Demos
 1117 (2000)


Soloviev D-30

The Soloviev D-30 (now the Aviadvigatel PS-30) is a Soviet two-shaft low-bypass turbofan engine, officially referred to as a "bypass turbojet". It is probably the single most important turbofan engine developed in Soviet Union to date. Development of the turbofan spurred numerous growth versions with increased fan diameter and modified component arrangements. Developed within an amazingly short period of time (about three years), the engine turned out to be one of the most reliable engines in the history of Soviet engine development. The D-30 development was recognized with the USSR State Prize.

Design and development
The original version of the Soloviev D-30 was developed to power the Tupolev Tu-134 short-to-medium range jet airliner, and had specifications similar to those of Western analogues such as Pratt & Whitney JT8D. D-30 is a two spool, low bypass turbofan gas turbine engine specifically designed for short-haul passenger aircraft Tu-134, however, it also served as a base for the development of a family of advanced engines. Engine development was started in the early 60's. Nevertheless, by 1966, the engine was put into serial production.

The D-30 engine has a two stage compression spool, a cannular combustion chamber and a 4-stage turbine. D-30 was the first engine in the Soviet engine-building industry to use cooled turbine blades. The turbine was manufactured using the newest heat resistant material of the time, along with an exhaust nozzle with a lobe mixer. The technical and efficiency parameters of D-30 were competitive and similar to those of the Western engines of that period.

In 1969, an upgraded version, D-30 engine series II, was created - the main difference being the addition of a thrust reverser and an improved control system. The engine was produced in 1970 through 1987 and was used on the Tu-134FA, Tu-134B, Tu-134AK aircraft.

In 1980, the D-30 engine series III, a further improvement, was created with the maximum thrust of 6930 kgf (with preserving it at up to до = +C). The number of the engine compressor stages was increased to 5, the gas dynamic stability margin was improved, the system was introduced that protected against engine over-speed and gas temperature overheating. The D-30 engine of the third series was produced between 1983-1993. These engines were installed on passenger airliners Tu-134-A-3, Tu-134B-3, Tu-134UB-L. The core of the third-series D-30 was also taken as a base point for developing gas turbine plants for the Russian fuel and energy complex.

Soloviev D-30 was produced in various modifications at the Perm Engine Plant (now JSC UEC-PM). In total, there were about 3000 units of D-30 engines (series I to III) manufactured in this engine plant.

Variants

D-30KU
The D-30KU engine is capable of generating 11,000 kgf at takeoff and was developed in 1971 for replacing the NK-8-4 engine on long-haul aircraft Il-62. This intercontinental airliner had some difficulties covering oceanic routes because of inadequate range. Ilyushin Design Bureau, the aircraft designer, made the decision to power the aircraft with newer engines which have lower specific fuel consumption. The maximum flight distance of the Il-62M aircraft when equipped with D-30KU was extended by 1500 km in comparison with the basic model equipped with NK-8-4. In contrast with the base D-30, the D-30KU has increased bypass ratio and higher turbine inlet temperature. The first compressor spool has 3 stages, the second one has 11 stages, the design of the combustion chamber is however similar to that of D-30. The turbine hot section has a total of 6 stages, the nozzle is common for both flows and has a lobe mixer and a mixing chamber. The D-30KU engine was the first aviation engine in the USSR to include a bucket-type thrust reverser. A total of 1584 D-30KU engines were manufactured by Rybinsk Engine Plant (now PAO NPO UEC-Saturn) under the authorized supervision of the Perm Design Bureau.

D-30KP

Similar to the D-30KU, a new engine variant called D-30KP which delivered 12,000 kgf of thrust was developed for military transport aircraft Il-76. The development was completed by the end of the 60s. In 1971, Il-76MD with the propulsion unit on the basis of four D-30KP was demonstrated to the country’s leaders. In 1972, engine passed certification tests and then was presented to the public at the next international air show in Le Bourget (France). By 1974 the engine was put into service to power not only military Il-76 itself, but also numerous modifications: tanker plane Il-78, “aircraft-hospital” Il-76MD Scalpel, early warning and control aircraft A-50, weightlessness simulator Il-76K, airborne test rig Il-76LL for in-flight tests of the aircraft engines and others. D-30KP was identical to its predecessor D-30KU - both are low bypass turbofan engines. The engine differs only by having a higher gas temperature at the turbine inlet and an increased compressor pressure ratio and bypass ratio. Powered by four engines D-30KP, Il-76 is capable of lifting a payload of 40 tons (88,000 lb) over a range of 5,000 km (2,700 nmi; 3,100 mi) at cruise speed up to 900 km/ hr. D-30KP engines were manufactured in the city of Rybinsk (Yaroslavl region) at Rybinsk Engine Production Plant (now NPO UEC-Saturn). The D-30KP engines production continues till present for military supplies. More than 4700 D-30KP engines have been manufactured in total.

D-30KU-154

The successful replacement of the engines on long-haul Il-62 stimulated the leaders of the Ministry of Aviation Industry in the Soviets to re-engine another popular aircraft – the medium-haul passenger airliner Tu-154. Ultimately, Tu-154M powered by D-30KU-154 was the backbone of the civil aviation industry in the Soviets till the end of the 20th century. The D-30KU-154 engine was developed with a maximum thrust of 10,500 kgf specifically to power the Tu-154. Development started in 1979. Pavel Solovyov used the D-30KU core as a starting point. In the course of designing the D-30KU-154 engine, some of the systems were improved, new components were added, and in 1984 the new engine entered serial production. The replacement of Kuznetsov NK-8 engine with the D-30KU-154 engine on Tu-154 allowed the reduction the fuel consumption by 28%! This ultimately defined the profitability of the air transportations industry in the Soviets for another 15 years. During the years of active operation of D-30KU-154, the manufacturer, Perm design bureau, continued working on improving the engine. A vivid example of that is the development of the noise suppression system with noise-absorbing structures from polymer composite materials. There were in total more than 1500 D-30KU-154 engines manufactured by Rybinsk Engine Plant (now NPO UEC-Saturn).

D-30F-6

In the mid-1970s, the Soviet Union began the search for a high-speed interceptor to supplement and replace its MiG-25. The MiG-25 had two enormously powerful Tumansky R-15 turbojets, allowing Mach 3 speed at high altitudes, but the problem was their weak performance at low altitudes, not even sufficient to cross Mach 1 boundary. More acute problems stemmed from the tendency of the Foxbat's engines to break down at maximum throttle in high-speed situations. A new engine, this time a low-bypass turbofan, was needed to power the new interceptor. The Mikoyan-Gurevich (MiG) design bureau contracted OKB-19 design bureau (now part of Aviadvigatel) to build such an engine, for the aircraft that would become known as the MiG-31.

The Soloviev design bureau came up with the D-30F6 turbofan.  Capable of generating 9,500 kgf (20,900 lbf or 93 kN) dry thrust and 15,500 kgf (34,200 lbf or 152 kN) afterburning thrust, the engine gave MiG's new fighter a top speed exceeding , and a maximum takeoff weight of .  These powerful engines also allowed the large and complex fighter to attain supersonic speeds at low altitudes under .

More powerful civilian versions of the D-30 were also developed with an increased bypass ratio: comparable to Pratt & Whitney's development of the JT8D-200 series, but with even an greater increase in thrust. This development process gave rise to the D-30K series, which power the Ilyushin Il-76 heavy cargo aircraft, Ilyushin Il-62M and Tupolev Tu-154M jet airliners. The Chinese Xi'an Y-20 prototype is powered by four D-30KP-2 engines.
Data from: Aircraft engines of the World 1970, Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1993–94

Other Variants

D-30V12High-altitude version for the Myasishchev M-55 de-rated to
D-30F11Engine for experimental twin-engine S-37 (Su-47) prototype
D-21A1Another variant of the two-spool engine with supersonic nozzle intended to power high-altitude supersonic business-jet S-21 from Sukhoi design bureau. Construction scheme is almost the same as for D-30F6 except for the absence of afterburner chamber.

Applications
 Ilyushin Il-62
 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-31
 Sukhoi Su-47 Berkut (formerly S-37)
 Tupolev Tu-134
 Tupolev Tu-154
 Ilyushin Il-76
 Xian H-6
 Xian Y-20

Specifications


Andy Gavin

Andrew Scott "Andy" Gavin (born June 11, 1970) is an American video game programmer, designer, entrepreneur, and novelist. In the video game industry, he is known for co-founding the video game company Naughty Dog with childhood friend Jason Rubin in 1986, where games such as Crash Bandicoot and Jak & Daxter were released to critical acclaim.  The sophistication of Naughty Dog technology is often credited to Gavin's background in LISP at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.

Education
Gavin earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Neurobiological Science from Haverford College.
Gavin studied for his Ph.D. at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he carried out research for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory on the Mars Rover Vision Project, under his advisor Rod Brooks.  While still a student, Gavin learned the computer programming language LISP. Influences from M.I.T. and his own work lead him to develop a number of custom programming languages that improved the quality of graphics, controls, sounds, and artificial intelligence in Naughty Dog video games.

Career

Gavin and Rubin sold their first video game, Math Jam, in 1985. In 1989, they sold Keef the Thief to Electronic Arts. In the early '90s, their fighting game, Way of the Warrior, led to a multi-title deal with Universal Interactive Studios.  It was under the auspices of this Universal deal that they produced the multi-million selling Crash Bandicoot series from 1994 until 1999, and later segued into the critically acclaimed Jak and Daxter series of games. At the end of 2000, Rubin and Gavin sold Naughty Dog to Sony Computer Entertainment America (SCEA). All in all, they created 14 Naughty Dog games, including Math Jam (1985), Ski Crazed (1986), Dream Zone (1987), Keef the Thief (1989), Rings of Power (1991), Way of the Warrior (1994), Crash Bandicoot (1996), Crash Bandicoot 2: Cortex Strikes Back (1997), Crash Bandicoot 3: Warped (1998), Crash Team Racing (1999), Jak and Daxter: The Precursor Legacy (2001), Jak II (2003), Jak 3 (2004), and Jak X: Combat Racing (2005). Together, these games have sold over 35 million units and generated over $1 billion in revenue.

While at Naughty Dog, Gavin developed two LISP dialects for use in game development, GOOL (Game Object Oriented Lisp) and its successor GOAL (Game Oriented Assembly Lisp). These represented a departure from the mainstream in terms of language choice, and featured some innovations in design.

Shortly after leaving Naughty Dog in 2004, Gavin co-founded a new Internet startup called Flektor with his former business partner, Jason Rubin, and former HBO executive Jason R. Kay. In May 2007, the company was sold to Fox Interactive Media, which is a division of News Corp.  Fox has described the company as: "a next-generation Web site that provides users with a suite of Web-based tools to transform their photos and videos into dynamic slideshows, postcards, live interactive presentations, and video mash-ups." In October 2007, Flektor partnered with its sister company MySpace, and MTV to provide instant audience feedback via polls for the interactive MySpace / MTV Presidential Dialogues series with then-presidential candidate Senator Barack Obama.

Gavin left Fox Interactive Media in 2008. In 2009, he announced a return to the video game business with his Naughty Dog co-founder Jason Rubin. They have formed a new social game startup called Monkey Gods that is working on a new version of Snood along with a casual word game called MonkWerks.

In recent years, Gavin has turned to novel writing. His first novel, the dark historical fantasy, The Darkening Dream, was published in December 2011. His second novel Untimed, which involves time travel, was released on December 19, 2012.

Works

Gameography

Bibliography


Leprince

Leprince is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

René Leprince (1876–1929), French silent film director
Xavier Leprince (1799–1826), French painter


Ninnis Glacier

Ninnis Glacier () is a large, heavily hummocked and crevassed glacier descending steeply from the high interior to the sea in a broad valley, on George V Coast in Antarctica. It was discovered by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who named it for Lieutenant B. E. S. Ninnis, who lost his life on the far east sledge journey of the expedition on 14 December 1912 through falling into the Black Crevasse in the glacier.

The seawards extension of the glacier is the broad Ninnis Glacier Tongue (). It was recorded (1962) as projecting seaward about 30 miles (50 km).


Roquefort (disambiguation)

Roquefort is a sheep milk cheese from the south of France.

Roquefort may also refer to:

Places in France
 Roquefort-les-Pins, Alpes-Maritimes
 Roquefort-les-Cascades, Ariège
 Roquefort-de-Sault, Aude
 Roquefort-des-Corbières, Aude
 Roquefort-sur-Soulzon, Aveyron
 Roquefort-la-Bédoule, Bouches-du-Rhône
 Roquefort, Gers
 Roquefort-sur-Garonne, Haute-Garonne
 Roquefort, Landes
 Roquefort, Lot-et-Garonne

Other uses
 Roquefort, a character in The Aristocats
 "Roquefort", a song by Karnivool from Themata


Żdżary, Radom County

Żdżary  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Pionki, within Radom County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately  south-west of Pionki,  east of Radom, and  south of Warsaw.


Netherlands Development Cooperation

The Netherlands Development Cooperation is an important branch of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It is responsible for development and funding, particularly in the developing world in poverty stricken areas of Africa, and allocates €4 billion a year on tackling it.

The Netherlands is therefore among the world's leading aid donors, giving about 1% of its gross national product in development assistance. The country consistently contributes large amounts of aid through multilateral channels, especially the UN Development Programme, the international financial institutions, and EU programs. A large portion of Dutch aid funds also are channeled through private ("co-financing") organizations that have almost total autonomy in choice of projects.

The policy priorities of Dutch aid are basic social facilities, reproductive health care, the environment, and aid to least developed countries. Dutch aid also is targeted on emergency aid, programs for the private sector, and international education.

The Netherlands is a member of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which recently initiated economic reforms in central Europe. The Dutch strongly support the Middle East peace process and in 1998 earmarked US$29 million in contributions to international donor-coordinated activities for the occupied territories and also for projects in which they worked directly with Palestinian authorities. These projects included improving environmental conditions and support for multilateral programs in cooperation with local non-governmental organizations. In 1998, the Dutch provided significant amounts of aid to the former Yugoslavia and Africa. The Dutch also provided significant amounts of relief aid to victims of Hurricane Mitch in Central America.

The Netherlands Development Cooperation has worked together with global environmental groups such as WWF at protecting some forested areas in countries like Gabon, such as the Minkébé National Park


Mari Montegriffo

Maria Louisa Montegriffo, known as Mari Montegriffo, is a former Gibraltarian politician. She was a Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party member of the House of Assembly from 1984 to 2007, the first female Mayor of Gibraltar (1988–95), as well as the Minister of Medical Services and Health and the Minister of Sport in Joe Bossano's administration (both 1988–96).

Career
Montegriffo attended the Loreto Convent School, where she was head girl. Aged 17, she became personal secretary to Bob Peliza, the Gibraltarian politician who later became Chief Minister and led the Integration with Britain Party. After five years of working with him, in 1970 she moved to London and worked for the National Data Processing Service for four years. In 1974, she returned to Gibraltar to work in shipping for Blands.

Politics
While she was working for Blands, Montegriffo met Joe Bossano, a member (and future leader) of the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party. He was impressed by her and encouraged her to stand for election as the shop steward for a private sector union; she was subsequently elected. Despite her uncle, Aurelio Montegriffo (who was an Association for the Advancement of Civil Rights (AACR) member of the House of Assembly) asking her to join his party, she was convinced that it was moving rightwards and in 1980 she joined the GSLP instead. She was elected to its executive council in 1983 and then stood in the 1984 election, becoming the fourth successful candidate with 3,815 votes, which gave her a seat in the House. Bossano made her shadow Minister for Medical and Health Services with an enlarged portfolio covering the environment, sport and computerisation. After the GSLP won the 1988 election, Montegriffo became the Minister for the positions she had shadowed in opposition. In 1988, she was appointed Mayor of Gibraltar by the House of Assembly—the first woman to hold that post—and served until 1996. She remained in the House as a GSLP member until retiring in 2007.

During her tenure in Government, the administration reclaimed land, provided scholarships for further education pupils and privatised utilities companies. As Minister of Sport, Montegriffo allowed schools and communities to use the country's sporting facilities and oversaw the renovation of the Victoria Stadium; in 1995, Gibraltar hosted the Islands Games. As Minister of Health, she refurbished St Bernard's Hospital and expanded the healthcare budget from £8 million in 1988 to £23 million when she left office eight years later. She also abolished private practice by doctors working for the Health Authority and private rooms in St Bernard's were stopped. Doctors had to be registered with the General Medical Council.


Himalayan cuckoo

The Himalayan cuckoo (Cuculus saturatus) is a species of cuckoo in the genus Cuculus. It breeds from the Himalayas eastward to southern China and Taiwan. It migrates to southeast Asia and the Greater Sunda Islands for the winter.

It was formerly known as "Oriental cuckoo" and contained several subspecies found over most of Asia. In 2005, it was determined that this "species" consists of three distinct lineages:
 Himalayan cuckoo, Cuculus (saturatus) saturatus
 Oriental cuckoo proper, Cuculus (saturatus) optatus
 Sunda cuckoo, Cuculus (saturatus) lepidus

These are usually seen as distinct species nowadays. As the type specimen of the former "Oriental" cuckoo is a bird of the Himalayan population, the name saturatus applies to the Himalayan cuckoo if it is considered a species.


Royal Air Force Music Services

Royal Air Force Music Services is the organization which provides military musical support to the Royal Air Force. Based at RAF Northolt (previously at RAF Uxbridge) and RAF Cranwell, it forms the central administration of one hundred and seventy musicians divided between the Central Band of the Royal Air Force, The Band of the Royal Air Force College, The Band of the Royal Air Force Regiment, the Royal Air Force Salon Orchestra and Headquarters Music Services. These main military bands contain within their ranks the Royal Air Force Squadronaires, Royal Air Force Swing Wing and Royal Air Force Shades of Blue.

Royal Air Force Music Services' primary role is to provide musical support to Royal Air Force and related events worldwide thus enhancing the public perception of the Royal Air Force as a whole. However, the Royal Air Force's musicians also undertake operational roles both as individuals and as a unit. From the concert stage to operational theatres around the globe Royal Air Force Musicians perform to the highest traditions of the Service in whichever role they are asked to fulfil.

The RAF Music Services' current Principal Director of Music is Wing Commander Piers Morrell.

History

With the establishment of the Royal Air Force in 1918, Dr Walford Davies was invited to become the RAF's first Organising Director of Music. Davies established the RAF School of Music and began to train trumpet majors and band instructors.  Davies also wrote the Royal Air Force March Past, the official march of the Royal Air Force, in 1918. With the end of the War many RAF musicians were demobilized although some were retained to form a band. Davies left the Service in 1919.

Davies' successor, Major George Dyson, reorganized RAF Music Services on a proper footing in 1921. The School of Music was disestablished and the Central Band and the Band of the RAF College were formed at RAF Uxbridge and RAF Cranwell respectively.

During the 1930s RAF music became well established and in the lead up to World War II there was a large expansion of Music Services. Additional military bands were provided on a Command basis, with the RAF Symphony Orchestra and the famous 'Squadronaires' Dance Band being established. The Central Band included some of the country's finest musicians such as Dennis Brain, Norman Del Mar and Gareth Morris.

By 1950, under the direction of Wing Commander A E Sims, OBE, the bands were reorganized on a geographical basis. By the time Sims retired in 1960, RAF Music Services boasted ten established bands, including the Central Band of the Women's Royal Air Force, numerous voluntary bands and a School of Music.

In 1990 the RAF became the first Service to recruit women into mixed bands and today females are recruited on the same basis as their male colleagues. They form a significant proportion of the personnel with some bands being nearly half female. RAF musicians are also trained to provide medical support in times of war. During the Gulf conflict musicians were deployed to various locations in the Middle East, where they undertook a variety of tasks, ranging from being medical orderlies to guards at hospital sites.

Current organization
Music Services has gradually been reduced in size and today comprises:
Headquarters Music Services (HQMS) - Principal Director of Music, Wing Commander Piers Morrell. Squadron Leader Richard Murray is Director of Music, along with eight RAF musicians and two civilians who make up the HQMS staff.
Central Band of the Royal Air Force
The Band of the Royal Air Force College - Director of Music, Flight Lieutenant Chris I'Anson
Band of the Royal Air Force Regiment - Director of Music, Flight Lieutenant Thomas Rodda
Royal Air Force Salon Orchestra
Band of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force - Director of Music, Squadron Leader Christopher Weldon

Relationships have been built with several civilian musical organisations including the BBC Concert Orchestra and the British and World Associations of Symphonic Bands and Wind Ensembles (BASBWE and WASBWE).


Expanded Disability Status Scale

The Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is a method of quantifying disability in multiple sclerosis. The scale has been developed by  John F. Kurtzke. An online EDSS calculator is available. The EDSS is based on a neurological examination by a clinician, however a number of versions have been developed which enable patient self-administration.

The EDSS quantifies disability in eight Functional Systems (FS) by assigning a Functional System Score (FSS) in each of these functional systems.
__TOC__

Functional systems
Kurtzke defines functional systems as follows:

pyramidal
cerebellar
brainstem
sensory
bowel and bladder
visual
cerebral
other

Results and clinical meaning
EDSS steps 1.0 to 4.5 refer to people with MS who are fully ambulatory. EDSS steps 5.0 to 9.5 are defined by the impairment to ambulation.

The clinical meaning of each possible result is the following:
0.0: Normal Neurological Exam
1.0: No disability, minimal signs in 1 FS
1.5: No disability, minimal signs in more than 1 FS
2.0: Minimal disability in 1 FS
2.5: Mild disability in 1 or Minimal disability in 2 FS
3.0: Moderate disability in 1 FS or mild disability in 3 - 4 FS, though fully ambulatory
3.5: Fully ambulatory but with moderate disability in 1 FS and mild disability in 1 or 2 FS; or moderate disability in 2 FS; or mild disability in 5 FS
4.0: Fully ambulatory without aid, up and about 12hrs a day despite relatively severe disability. Able to walk without aid 500 meters
4.5: Fully ambulatory without aid, up and about much of day, able to work a full day, may otherwise have some limitations of full activity or require minimal assistance. Relatively severe disability. Able to walk without aid 300 meters
5.0: Ambulatory without aid for about 200 meters. Disability impairs full daily activities
5.5: Ambulatory for 100 meters, disability precludes full daily activities
6.0: Intermittent or unilateral constant assistance (cane, crutch or brace) required to walk 100 meters with or without resting
6.5: Constant bilateral support (cane, crutch or braces) required to walk 20 meters without resting
7.0: Unable to walk beyond 5 meters even with aid, essentially restricted to wheelchair, wheels self, transfers alone; active in wheelchair about 12 hours a day
7.5: Unable to take more than a few steps, restricted to wheelchair, may need aid to transfer; wheels self, but may require motorized chair for full day's activities
8.0: Essentially restricted to bed, chair, or wheelchair, but may be out of bed much of day; retains self care functions, generally effective use of arms
8.5: Essentially restricted to bed much of day, some effective use of arms, retains some self care functions
9.0: Helpless bed patient, can communicate and eat
9.5: Unable to communicate effectively or eat/swallow
10.0: Death due to MS


Arcilla, California

Arcilla is an unincorporated community in Riverside County, California. Arcilla is located on the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad,  west-northwest of Estelle Mountain. It lies at an elevation of 958 feet (292 m).

Clay () is shipped from the place.


2009 Guinea-Bissau presidential election

Presidential elections were held in Guinea-Bissau on 28 June 2009 following the assassination of President João Bernardo Vieira on 2 March 2009. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a second round was held on 26 July 2009 between the two leading candidates, Malam Bacai Sanhá of the governing African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) and opposition leader Kumba Ialá. Sanhá won with a substantial majority in the second round, according to official results.

Background
At Vieira's funeral on 10 March 2009, interim President Raimundo Pereira said that meeting the 60-day deadline for holding a new election was "one of our greatest challenges." Cape Verde's Prime Minister, Jose Maria Neves, stated on 27 March 2009 that it was logistically and economically impossible for Guinea-Bissau to hold the election on time, and that it should aim to hold them in June or November (before or after the rain season). Prime Minister Carlos Gomes Junior announced on 31 March that the election would be held on 28 June, with the agreement of "all the parties, the government, the interim president and political classes".

Foreign donors paid the entire cost of the election, about 5.1 million euros.

Candidates
In April 2009, the Social Renewal Party (PRS), Guinea-Bissau's main opposition party, designated its President, Kumba Ialá (who was previously President of Guinea-Bissau from 2000 to 2003), as its candidate for the presidential election. Some in the party who opposed Ialá's "system of monopoly" instead proposed the candidacy of Baltizar Lopes Fernandes, but they were unsuccessful.

Six candidates sought the presidential nomination of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), the ruling party. PAIGC President Carlos Gomes Junior backed Pereira. On 25 April 2009, the PAIGC Central Committee chose Malam Bacai Sanhá, who was interim President of Guinea-Bissau from 1999 to 2000, as the party's presidential candidate. He received 144 votes, while Pereira received 118; another unsuccessful candidate for the nomination was former Prime Minister Manuel Saturnino Costa.

Aristides Gomes, who was Prime Minister from 2005 to 2007 and led the Republican Party for Independence and Development (PRID), submitted a candidate application. Francisco Fadul, who was Prime Minister from 1999 to 2000 and is currently the President of the Tribunal of Accounts, also submitted an application to stand as the candidate of his party, the African Party for Development and Citizenship (PADEC). Henrique Rosa, who was Interim President from 2003 to 2005, sought to run as an independent candidate, as did the Minister of Internal Administration, Baciro Dabó. In total, 20 candidates submitted applications to the Supreme Court of Justice, 13 representing political parties and seven independents. Zinha Vaz ran as the candidate of the Guinean Patriotic Union (UPG), and was the only female candidate in the election.

On 14 May, the Supreme Court announced that 12 candidacies had been approved and eight had been rejected. The candidacies of Sanhá, Ialá, and Rosa were among those accepted. Fadul's candidacy was rejected on the grounds that he was still President of the Tribunal of Accounts and a member of the Bar, which the Supreme Court judged to be legally incompatible with his presidential candidacy. The candidacy of Aristides Gomes was also rejected on the grounds that he had been out of the country during the 90 days before he filed his candidacy.

Prior to the election, three of the 11 remaining candidates were considered the key contenders for the Presidency: PAIGC candidate Sanhá, PRS candidate Ialá, and independent candidate Rosa.

Campaign
Doubting that Ialá would be able to garner much more support than he obtained in the first round, analysts judged that Sanhá was the clear favorite for the second round. Various minor candidates—Luis Nancassa, Paulo Mendonça, Francisca Vaz Turpin, and Braima Alfa Djalo—endorsed Sanhá after the first round. In mid-July, New Democracy Party candidate Iaia Djalo, who placed fourth with 3.11%, also urged his supporters to vote for Sanhá in the second round.

During the second round campaign, Ialá blamed PAIGC for Guinea-Bissau's problems and alleged that it was responsible for Vieira's assassination. Warning against the use of such inflammatory rhetoric, the army stressed that it would not allow national stability to be endangered.

Conduct
On 5 June, one day before election campaigning was due to start, Dabó was fatally shot in his home, possibly in order to prevent him from ordering a prosecution against President Vieira's killers if he won the election. It was nevertheless decided that the election would proceed as planned on 28 June. Another independent candidate, Paulo Mendonça, said that the election could not legally go ahead on schedule because the constitution required a delay in case of the death of a candidate, and he took the matter to the Supreme Court. Rosa said that his campaign would be initially subdued and would not begin in earnest until seven days after Dabó's death.

Turnout was reportedly low when voting took place on 28 June. Electoral observers from the European Union were present at 80 of the 2,700 polling stations, and the head of the EU mission, Johan Van Hecke, said that "rain played a role" but that it was not solely to blame for the low turnout. He also said that voting proceeded "in a calm and orderly way" and that "not a single incident or complaint was reported to us".

Results

Desejado Lima da Costa, the head of the National Electoral Commission, announced provisional results on 2 July 2009.  These results showed Sanhá with 133,786 votes or 39.59% of the vote, Ialá with 99,428 votes or 29.42%, and Rosa with 24.19%; turnout was around 60%, with 593,782 of the nation's 1.4 million eligible voters participating. As a result, Sanhá and Ialá were to proceed to a second round on 2 August. Although Rosa was positioned to make a potentially crucial endorsement for the second round, he declined to do so. The National Electoral Commission announced on 5 July that the second round date was being moved forward from 2 August to 26 July, as the latter date was deemed more compatible with the agricultural harvest season.

On 25 July, Sanhá and Ialá agreed that they would both respect the results of the second round and that any dispute over the results would be handled through the legal process. They also agreed that the losing candidate would enjoy various privileges as a former head of state, including personal security and transportation. Following the second round on 26 July, the National Electoral Commission announced on 29 July that Sanhá had won with 63.52% of the vote (224,259 votes), while Ialá received 36.48%. Turnout was placed at 61%. Ialá said that he accepted the results, urging Sanhá "to work for the development of Guinea-Bissau".


Carnal knowledge

Carnal knowledge is an archaic or legal euphemism for sexual intercourse. In modern statutes, the term "sexual penetration" is widely used, though with various definitions.

Biblical source
The term derives from carnal, meaning "of the flesh", and the Biblical usage of the verb know/knew, a euphemism for sexual conduct.

Examples of this usage include the first part of the Bible, the Book of Genesis, which describes how Adam and Eve conceived their first child:

"And Adam knew Eve his wife; and she conceived, and bore Cain, and said, I have gotten a man with [the help of] Jehovah." — Genesis 4:1.

And in Lot’s plea to the people of Sodom to whom he offered his virgin daughters, in place of his guests:
5 and they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men that came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them.
6 And Lot went out unto them to the door, and shut the door after him.
7 And he said, I pray you, my brethren, do not so wickedly.
8 Behold now, I have two daughters that have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes: only unto these men do nothing, forasmuch as they are come under the shadow of my roof. — Genesis 19:5-8.

Legal usage
In criminal law, the term has had different meanings at different times and in different jurisdictions. While commonly a mere euphemism for sexual intercourse (not necessarily unlawful), different jurisdictions have defined carnal knowledge (as well as sexual intercourse) as a specific sex act such as contact between a penis and vagina, some laws elaborating this to include even "slight penile penetration of female sex organs". The definition sometimes includes a set of sex acts that include sodomy, while some statutes specifically exclude such acts. Some laws do not define the term, and leave it to the courts to give it meaning, which also allows them to take into account changing community standards.

Carnal knowledge has also sometimes meant sexual intercourse outside of marriage, and sometimes refers to sex with someone under the age of consent. The phrase is often found in this sense in modern legal usage, being equivalent to statutory rape in some jurisdictions, as the term rape implies lack of consent.

A related term is carnal abuse, which is defined by Dictionary.com as "any lascivious contact with the sexual organs of a child by an adult". Usually, but not always, this does not involve penetration.

England and Wales
Section 18 of the Offences against the Person Act 1828 reads as follows:

The crimes of carnally abusing girls referred to were those created by section 17 of the Act.

In cases decided under this section it was held that the slightest penetration was sufficient.

This section was replaced by section 63 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861. The term was not used in the Sexual Offences Act 1956, which replaced it, where it appeared, with the term sexual intercourse, in all the provisions consolidated by that Act.


French cruiser Duguay-Trouin (1923)

Duguay-Trouin was the lead ship of a class of French light cruisers, launched in the early 1920s. She was named after René Duguay-Trouin. She patrolled the Mediterranean during the Spanish Civil War, and after the outbreak of the Second World War, she hunted Nazi pocket battleships before being interned after the Fall of France and until 1943. She then took part in Allied operations in the Mediterranean, supporting the Provence Landings and shelling Nazi and Fascist troops on the coasts of Italy until the end of the war. Duguay-Trouin then took part in the decolonisation wars in Algeria, and in Indochina.

Design and description
The design of the Duguay-Trouin class was based on an improved version of a 1915 design, but was reworked with more speed and a more powerful armament to match the British  and the American  light cruisers. The ships had an overall length of , a beam of , and a draft of . They displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. Their crew consisted of 591 men when serving as flagships.

Construction and career

Pre-war
Started on 4 August 1922, Duguay-Trouin was the first large unit put on keel in France after the First World War. Launched on 14 August 1923, she was one of the longest light cruisers of the era, which made her a fast ship, capable of sustaining 30 knots for an entire day during trials.  She entered active service on 2 November 1926.

After completion, she was assigned to the 2nd Squadron and based at Brest. In 1929, she became flagship of the 3rd Light Division in the Mediterranean and, in 1931, she undertook an extended cruise to Indo-China, then a French colony. Duguay-Trouin returned to the 2nd Squadron at Brest in 1932, this time as flagship, remaining there until 1935.

In 1936, she took part in the international effort to safeguard shipping in the Mediterranean on the backdrop of the Spanish Civil War. For the occasion, the top of her upper turrets was painted in Blue-White-Red colours, to make identification easier and avoid attacks by belligerrants.

In 1936, she became a gunnery training ship.  The following year, she was modernised, notably fitting a reinforced anti-air artillery.In 1938, she was under the command of Captain de Prévaux.

In June 1939, when she joined the 6th Cruiser Division.

World War II
France declared war on 3 September 1939 as Duguay-Trouin was in Dakar. Along with other French and British ships, she commenced Atlantic patrols to intercept German pocket battleships.  On 16 October 1939 Duguay-Trouin intercepted the German merchant ship Halle   south-west of Dakar. Halle was scuttled to prevent its capture.

In early May, 1940, she was transferred to the eastern Mediterranean, based at Beirut, for operations in the Adriatic and Dodecanese.

In July 1940, after the French surrender, she joined Admiral René-Émile Godfroy's Force X at Alexandria, Egypt; there, she was disarmed by agreement between the British and French admirals during Operation Catapult and interned by the British from 22 June 1940.   Axis forces occupying the so-called Free Zone in November 1942 made Armistice terms between France and the Third Reich moot, and Duguay-Trouin rejoined the Allies on 30 May 1943.  She was re-armed in July, and after modernisation in Casablanca and Oran, she returned to active service in September 1943. During her refit, Duguay-Trouin had her torpedo tubes and aircraft removed, and instead gained 4 75-millimetre AA guns, 15 20-millimetre guns and 10 13.2-millimetre machine guns.

In March 1944, she ferried troops between Algiers, Ajaccio, Oran and Napoli. She supported the landings in southern France in August 1944  and subsequently undertook bombardments along the Italian coast with the Flank Force until April 1945.

Post-war
On 10 and 11 May 1945, Duguay-Trouin bombarded villages in Algeria during the Sétif and Guelma massacre, opening fire in ten instances.

On 28 May 1947, with the outbreak of the Indochina War, Duguay-Trouin departed Toulon, bound for the Far East by way of Diego-Suarez in Madagascar, arriving at Saigon on 13 November 1947. She remained in the region until September 1951 as flagship of the Far East Division, supporting landing parties with land bombardment from 1948 to October 1951.

Duguay-Trouin was eventuall decommissioned on 19 March 1952, and sold for scrap in 1953, having served one of the longest careers of the warships of her time.


Kingsley and Froghall railway station

Kingsley and Froghall railway station is a former railway station of the North Staffordshire Railway (NSR) that is now a preserved station on the Churnet Valley Railway in Staffordshire, England.

History
Kingsley and Froghall station, situated on the Churnet Valley Line of the North Staffordshire Railway, was opened to both passengers and goods on 1 September 1849.

The station was a busy country station serving the needs of workers at nearby Thomas Bolton's copper refinery.

As with many UK railways, passenger numbers in the 1960s decreased to such an extent that the station was closed to both passengers and goods in 1965.

Re-opening, and the Churnet Valley Railway

During the 1970s a railway preservation base was set up at nearby Cheddleton station. This was later to become the base of the Churnet Valley Railway (CVR). The CVR had slowly been progressing in preserving the line when in the late 1990s they had reached the station site. After closure by British Rail, the station buildings had been demolished. Initial rebuilding of the station resulted in the down platform reopening for passengers on 11 August 2001. Construction later began on the new station building which opened on 19 July 2003.

Since 2003, more work has been done on the station to make the site "complete" as at nearby Consall. Initially this involved resurfacing the down platform and adding fences, a few small buildings and station furniture. With this side now relatively complete, attention has been turned to the second (up) platform where the overhang on the canal and associated fences have been rebuilt, along with walls and the large waiting shelter but  this platform is not in use.

Kingsley and Froghall is currently the southern limit of passenger operations on the CVR, but plans exist to extend towards Oakamoor and Alton Towers.

Notes

External links
Churnet Valley Railway homepage


Polo in the United Arab Emirates

The sport of polo is played in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Overview
Polo is popular amongst royal and other UAE families.
President Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan had the Ghantoot Racing and Polo Club built in 1994; it was later under the patronage of his son Sheikh Falah Bin Zayed Al Nayan. in May 2013 Sheikha Maitha bint Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum took part in the Cartier Queen's Cup in Guards Polo Club.

There are polo tournaments between the four clubs of the United Arab Emirates, and UAE teams participated in polo tournaments in the UK, Spain, and Argentina.

Polo clubs in the UAE follow the rules established by the UK Hurlingham Polo Association (HPA).

UAE polo season
Polo is played in the United Arab Emirates from October to April every year; temperatures are too high to play during the summer months.

UAE polo clubs

The UAE has four active polo clubs between the cities of Dubai and Abu Dhabi.

Based in Dubai since 1994, Desert Palm, owned and ran by Ali Albawardy, is twenty minutes away from downtown Dubai. It includes three polo fields and one stick & ball field. Each year, the club hosts three medium to high goal tournaments like the Cartier International Dubai Polo Challenge, the UAE Nations Cup, and the Sunset Polo International Cup as well as low goal tournaments for its polo members. Desert Palm is also home to the Dubai Polo Team, patron Ali Albawardy, the UAE Polo Team, patron Sheikha Maitha bint Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Zedan Polo Team, patron Amr Fareed M. Zedan, Abu Dhabi Polo Team, patron Faris Al Yebhouni and Bin Drai Polo Team, patron Saeed Bin Drai, whose father established the first Polo Club in Dubai in 1974.

Dubai Polo & Equestrian Club owned and run by Emaar Properties has two polo fields and one stick & ball field. Its stables contains 150 polo ponies. The major medium goal polo tournaments host by the club are La Martina Opening Cup (8 goals) played during the month of November. The club is also home for the Dr. A Polo Team, patron Dr. Abbar, and 30 active polo members.

The Al Habtoor Polo Resort and Club opened its doors in October 2016. An equestrian haven boasting some of the best facilities in the UAE. 3 full- size polo fields, 1 stick and ball polo field and 2 full- size show jumping and dressage arenas. The club has 520 stables, 5 horse walkers and two exercise tracks. With a monumental St Regis resort as the centrepiece and 146 villas surrounding the polo fields, the Al Habtoor Polo Resort and Club is truly a magnificent addition to the polo and equestrian community of Dubai. The club is situated in Dubailand, being in the heart of all equestrian activities and a mere 15 minutes from Downtown Dubai.

The club is now also the new and permanent home of the Dubai Polo Gold Cup Series, which consists of 5 tournaments, 3 High Goal and 2 Medium to Low Goal.

Saif Polo Club, owned by Ahmed Al Guhair, is a private club based in Khawaneej, Dubai. The club organized its first medium goals tournament in December 2012, the National Day Polo Cup.

Based 40 minutes from Abu Dhabi city, the Ghantoot Racing and Polo Club is a private club with eight international standard grass fields. It hosts several tournaments during the season like the Pink Polo (in support of Breast Cancer), British Polo Day Abu Dhabi and the UAE President Cup, a 15 goals tournament at the end of every season. Ghantoot has also a breeding facility for polo ponies as well as purebred Arabian horses.

Dubai Polo Academy
The Dubai Polo Academy, coach Steve Thompson, runs from September to May every year and it is based at the Dubai Polo & Equestrian Club since 2005.

References


Microsoft InterConnect

Microsoft InterConnect, or Microsoft Office InterConnect, is a discontinued personal information manager application previously sold as part of the Microsoft Office suite by Microsoft Japan. It provides the ability for the user to have a Digital Business Card, a sort of digital signature.

Further reading

External links

InterConnect


Panti Mountain bent-toed gecko

The Panti Mountain bent-toed gecko (Cyrtodactylus pantiensis) is a species of gecko that is endemic to western Malaysia.


Tanya Halesworth

Tanya Halesworth (1935 – 8 October 2008) was best known as an Australian television personality, but was also a teacher, actor, public relations adviser and manager, and psychologist.<ref name="TS">[http://www.smh.com.au/news/obituaries/tv-presenter-led-many-lives/2008/10/19/1224351052228.html Stephens, Tony (2008) "TV presenter led many lives", The Sydney Morning Herald, 2008-10-20]</ref> She won the  1961 TV Week Logie Award for Most Popular Female in New South Wales. Tony Stephens wrote in his obituary that "during her time on television, hers was one of the most recognisable faces in Australia".

Early life
Halesworth was born in Brisbane to Iris Kemp and Reg Kemp. Reg left the family not long after Tanya's birth; her mother remarried and had three sons. The family moved to Sydney and Tanya went to Darlinghurst Primary School and then the selective Sydney Girls High School. In 1951, she was vice-captain of the school.

She worked as a clerk in a sheriff's office, before training as a teacher at Bathurst Teacher's College. She taught in primary schools for three years, as well as acting with small theatre companies and working on TV commercials. In 1955 she married teacher Brian Halesworth, but they were divorced in 1959.

Television career
In 1958, when she was 23 years old, she won a job as a studio announcer with the ABC, beating 200 applicants. Christine Hogan, speaking on women in the media, described her as "a school teacher with a dramatic bent". By 1961 her work for the ABC included the show Six O'Clock Rock. At the same time she was studying for an arts degree at Sydney University and performing in Clare Boothe Luce's The Women at the Independent Theatre.

Halesworth left the ABC in 1962 to join Channel Seven to host a tenpin bowling program. It was here that she met interviewer and announcer, John Bailey, who was later to become her husband. For the next two years she worked on shows such as Talking Point as well as continuing to perform on stage. One of her roles during this time was Juliet in Peter Ustinov's comedy Romanoff and Juliet.

In 1964, having graduated with a first class honours bachelor of arts degree from Sydney University, she went to England where she hosted Granada Television's program The Headliners. However, she returned to Australia in 1965 and married John Bailey in 1967, despite having once reportedly said that "it was entirely against man's instincts to be tied down to one woman". Bailey and Halesworth worked for Channel Ten in Sydney and then Melbourne.

From 1965 to 1968, she co-produced with Bill Peach a current affairs show on Channel Ten called Telescope. Peach also anchored the show with Halesworth being one of the reporters, alongside Ken Cook and Tony Ward.

From 1979 to 1980 she hosted ABC's Sunday Spectrum program which was compendium style show comprising a varying mix of documentaries, music, and visiting guests. She also worked on Channel Ten's Good Morning Australia (breakfast TV)''.

Later career and life
During the 1980s, Halesworth tutored at Macquarie University and completed a master's degree in philosophy, doing her thesis on Karl Marx. She moved into public relations and management, and managed the career of Australian swimmer Tracey Wickham. Her last career was as a psychologist.

John Bailey died in 1998, and Halesworth moved back to Queensland, living first in the Gold Coast and then the Sunshine Coast where she kept practising as a psychologist until becoming ill in late 2007.

She died of cancer on 8 October 2008, and was survived by her three sons, John, Michael and Kieran.