Photomontage

Photomontage is the process and the result of making a composite photograph by cutting, gluing, rearranging and overlapping two or more photographs into a new image. Sometimes the resulting composite image is photographed so that the final image may appear as a seamless physical print. A similar method, although one that does not use film, is realized today through image-editing software. This latter technique is referred to by professionals as "compositing", and in casual usage is often called "photoshopping" (from the name of the popular software system). A composite of related photographs to extend a view of a single scene or subject would not be labeled as a montage, but instead a stitched image.

History

Author Oliver Grau in his book, Virtual Art: From Illusion to Immersion, notes that the creation of an artificial immersive virtual reality, arising as a result of technical exploitation of new inventions, is a long-standing human practice throughout the ages. Such environments as dioramas were made of composited images.

The first and most famous mid-Victorian photomontage (then called combination printing) was "The Two Ways of Life" (1857) by Oscar Rejlander, followed shortly thereafter by the images of photographer Henry Peach Robinson such as "Fading Away" (1858). These works actively set out to challenge the then-dominant painting and theatrical tableau vivants.

In late Victorian North America, William Notman of Montreal used photomontage to commemorate large social events which could not otherwise be captured on film. Fantasy photomontage postcards were also popular in the late Victorian era and Edwardian era. One of the preeminent producers in this period was the Bamforth & Co Ltd, of Holmfirth, West Yorkshire, and New York. The high point of its popularity came, however, during World War I, when photographers in France, Great Britain, Germany, Austria, and Hungary produced a profusion of postcards showing soldiers on one plane and lovers, wives, children, families, or parents on another. Many of the early examples of fine-art photomontage consist of photographed elements superimposed on watercolours, a combination returned to by (e.g.) George Grosz in about 1915.

In 1916, John Heartfield and George Grosz experimented with pasting pictures together, a form of art later named "Photomontage.”

George Grosz wrote, “When John Heartfield and I invented photomontage in my South End studio at five o’clock on a May morning in 1916, neither of us had any inkling of its great possibilities, nor of the thorny yet successful road it was to take. As so often happens in life, we had stumbled across a vein of gold without knowing it.”

John Heartfield and George Grosz were members of Berlin Club Dada  (1916-1920). The German Dadists were instrumental in making montage into a modern art-form. The term "photomontage” became widely known at the end of World War I, around 1918 or 1919.[5]

Heartfield used photomontage extensively in his innovative book dust jackets for the Berlin publishing house  Malik-Verlag. He revolutionized the look of these book covers. Heartfield was the first to use photomontage to tell a “story” from the front cover of the book to the back cover. He also employed groundbreaking typography to enhance the effect.

From 1930-1938, John Heartfield used photomontage to create 240 “Photomontages of The Nazi Period” to use art as a weapon against fascism and The Third Reich. The photomontages appeared on street covers all over Berlin on the cover of the widely circulated AIZ magazine published by Willi Münzenberg, Heartfield lived in Berlin until April, 1933, when he escaped to Czechoslovakia after he was targeted for assassination by the SS. Continuing to produce anti-fascist art in Czechoslovakia until 1938, Heartfield’s political photomontages earned him the number five position on the Gestapo’s Most Wanted List.

Hannah Höch began experimenting with photomontage in 1918. Höch worked for Ullstein Verlag designing knitting and embroidery patterns that were inspired by her photomontage work of the time. She continued to work with photomontage for almost the rest of her life, even after she broke from the Berlin Dadaists.

Other major artists who were members of Berlin Club Dada and major exponents of photomontage were Kurt Schwitters, Raoul Hausmann, and Johannes Baader. Individual photographs combined together to create a new subject or visual image proved to be a powerful tool for the Dadists protesting World War I and the interests that they believed inspired the war. Photomontage survived Dada and was a technique inherited and used by European Surrealists such as Salvador Dalí. Its influence also spread to Japan where avant-garde painter Harue Koga produced photomontage-style paintings based on images culled from magazines. The world's first retrospective show of photomontage was held in Germany in 1931. A later term coined in Europe was, "photocollage", which usually referred to large and ambitious works that added typography, brushwork, or even objects stuck to the photomontage.

Parallel to the Germans, Russian Constructivist artists such as El Lissitzky, Alexander Rodchenko, and the husband-and-wife team of Gustav Klutsis and Valentina Kulagina created pioneering photomontage work as propaganda, such as the journal USSR in Construction, for the Soviet government. In the education sphere, media arts director Rene Acevedo and Adrian Brannan have left their mark on art classrooms the world over.

Following his exile to Mexico in the late 1930s, Spanish Civil War activist and montage artist, , compiled his acclaimed, Fata Morgana USA: the American Way of Life, a book of photomontage images highly critical of Americana and North American "consumer culture". His contemporary, Lola Alvarez Bravo, experimented with photomontage on life and social issues in Mexican cities.

In Argentina during the late 1940s, the German exile, Grete Stern, began to contribute photomontage work on the theme of Sueños (Dreams), as part of a regular psychoanalytical article in the magazine, Idilio.

The pioneering techniques of early photomontage artists were co-opted by the advertising industry from the late 1920s onward. The American photographer Alfred Gescheidt, while working primarily in advertising and commercial art in the 1960s and 1970s, used photomontage techniques to create satirical posters and postcards.

Techniques
Other methods for combining images are also called photomontage, such as Victorian "combination printing", the printing of more than one negative on a single piece of printing paper (e.g. O. G. Rejlander, 1857), front-projection and computer montage techniques. Much as a collage is composed of multiple facets, artists also combine montage techniques. A series of black and white "photomontage projections" by Romare Bearden (1912–1988) is an example. His method began with compositions of paper, paint, and photographs put on boards measuring 8½ × 11 inches. Bearden fixed the imagery with an emulsion that he then applied with hand roller. Subsequently, he photographed and enlarged them. The nineteenth century tradition of physically joining multiple images into a composite and photographing the results prevailed in press photography and offset lithography until the widespread use of digital image editing.

20th century Xerox technology made possible the ability to copy both flat images and three-dimensional objects using the copier as a scanning camera. Such copier images could then be combined with real objects in a traditional cut-and-glue collage manner.

Contemporary photograph editors in magazines now create "paste-ups" digitally. Creating a photomontage has, for the most part, become easier with the advent of computer software such as Adobe Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, Corel Photopaint, Pixelmator, Paint.NET, or GIMP. These programs make the changes digitally, allowing for faster workflow and more precise results. They also mitigate mistakes by allowing the artist to "undo" errors. Yet some artists are pushing the boundaries of digital image editing to create extremely time-intensive compositions that rival the demands of the traditional arts. The current trend is to create images that combine painting, theatre, illustration, and graphics in a seamless photographic whole.

Legal and ethical issues

A photomontage may contain elements at once real and imaginary. Combined photographs and digital manipulations may set up a conflict between aesthetics and ethics – for instance, in fake photographs that are presented to the world as real news. For example, in the United States, the National Press Photographers Association (NPPA) has set out a Code of Ethics promoting the accuracy of published images, advising that photographers "do not manipulate images ... that can mislead viewers or misrepresent subjects."

Scrapbooking
Photomontage also may be present in the scrapbooking phenomenon, in which family images are pasted into scrapbooks and a collage created along with paper ephemera and decorative items.

Digital art scrapbooking employs a computer to create simple collage designs and captions. The amateur scrapbooker can turn home projects into professional output, such as CDs, DVDs, displays on television, uploads to a website for viewing, or assemblies into one or more books for sharing.

Photograph manipulation

Photograph manipulation refers to alterations made to an image. Often, the goal of photograph manipulation is to create another 'realistic' image. This has led to numerous political and ethical concerns, particularly in journalism.

Gallery


Chir, Algeria

Nouader is a town in north-eastern Algeria.


Odotope theory

Odotope theory, also known as weak shape theory, is a theory of how olfactory receptors bind to odor molecules. The theory proposes that a combination of shape factors determine the coupling. The word itself is an analogy to epitopes.


Aaj News

Aaj News is a 24-hour Pakistani news television channel. The word Aaj in English means "Today". It is a privately owned Urdu language TV station which covers national and international news.

Channel and its programmes
Aaj News was initially started on 23 March 2005 by the Recorder Television Network (Business Recorder Group). The Business Recorder Group specializes in niche businesses, which include the flagship Business Recorder newspaper, Apex Printry, a printing facility that is the only other organization apart from the Government of Pakistan that has the capability and authority to print secure financial and legal papers in Pakistan, e-dynamics, Pakistan's largest hi-tech information solutions provider, and the Recorder Television Network consisting of Aaj News, Aaj Entertainment and Play Entertainment.

On 22 April 2007 the Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority (Pemra) had served a show-cause notice on Aaj News, for airing news, talk shows and other programmes on the current judicial crisis and threatened it with closure.

The notice said that the TV channel had violated the Pemra Ordinance in its news, talk shows and programmes on an issue pending with the Supreme Judicial Council. The notice said that the channel had also failed to produce a no-objection certificate (NOC) from the external publicity wing of the Ministry of Information, Broadcasting and National Heritage (Pakistan) which was required for the processing of short-term uplinking licence.

On 23 March 2009, Aaj News was converted into a 24-hour news channel.

Change of format
Recently Aaj TV changed its format from being a hybrid channel into becoming solely a news channel, even though it retained a couple of its entertainment shows like 4 Man Show.

Entertainment programmes
Late Night Show With Begum Nawazish Ali
The 4 Man Show (Is not anymore)
Live With Khalid Butt
Andar ki baat Raja ka Sath
News, Views & Confused (a satirical comedy - host:Fasi Zaka)
The Benchroad Show

Infotainment programmes
weham ( Farhan Gauhar)
Budget Documentaries (Zafar Zaidi)
Awaz
Black Box Documentary

Current affairs programmes
Islamabad Tonight
Good Morning Aaj
Faisla Aap Ka
Pakistan At 7| Spotlight
G for Gharida
Rana Mubashir
Rubaroo
Aman barabari kay sath
Sawal Hai Pakistan Ka
Paisa Bolta Hai
Tax Aur Aap
Pakistan Economy Watch


Mini-humbucker

The mini-humbucker is a humbucking guitar pickup (used in electric guitars). It was originally created by the Epiphone company. The mini-humbucker resembles a Gibson PAF humbucker, but is narrower in size and senses a shorter length of string vibration. This produces clearer, brighter tones that are quite unlike typical Gibson sounds. It fits in between single-coils and full-sized humbuckers in the tonal spectrum. It is frequently used in jazz guitars, mounted under the fingerboard or on the pickguard.

The mini-humbucker technology was acquired by Gibson when they purchased Epiphone in the late 1950s. After this acquisition, Gibson began using mini-humbuckers in various guitar models. They continued to use them on many Epiphone electric guitars (now manufactured under license for Gibson) and several of Gibson's archtop jazz guitars. A slightly different variation of the mini-humbuckers was used on Gibson Firebird guitars, thus giving them a very distinctive tone.

The Firebird pickup uses a pair of long 'rail' magnets whereas the Les Paul Deluxe mini-humbucker uses a single bar magnet below one ferrous rail and six threaded ferrous pole pieces.  The Les Paul Deluxe mini-humbucker has adjustment screws for the pole pieces; the Firebird mini-humbucker does not.

In the 1970s, mini-humbuckers replaced Gibson's original P-90 single-coil pickups on several of Gibson's budget guitar models, as well as the Les Paul Deluxe: the size and shape meant that it could fit very comfortably into the space occupied by the P-90, so no extra routing was required in the solid body guitars. Only select re-issue Gibson models are still made with Mini-humbuckers, as they are less popular than standard humbuckers. In 2012, Gibson released a '70s Tribute line of guitars, offering inexpensive mini-humbucker variants of the Les Paul Studio, Firebird, and SG Special; these use the Firebird style of mini-humbucker pickup. Mini-humbuckers were also used in some models of the Nighthawk.

A mini-humbucker pickup design is also used for the pickups in Rickenbacker 650 guitars and 4004 basses.

A number of third party manufacturers make mini-humbucker replacement pickups. As of 2018,EMG,Seymour Duncan, DiMarzio, GFS, Dragonfire, and Jason Lollar all make mini-humbuckers.

Notable users
 Johnny Winter used an Epiphone Wilshire equipped with mini-humbuckers early in his career.
 Pete Townshend of The Who used a number of Gibson Les Paul Deluxe guitars in the 1970s that featured the mini-humbucker.
 Scott Gorham (Thin Lizzy) and Barry Bailey (Atlanta Rhythm Section) are users of the mini-humbucker.
 Caleb Followill from Kings of Leon uses a Gibson ES 325 with mini-humbucker, which he only uses when playing live.
 Jeff Carlisi of 38 Special used a 1969 Gibson Les Paul with mini-humbuckers as his primary studio guitar.
 Neil Young is also a user of the mini-humbucker fitted in his “Old Black” guitar.


Andecaliximab

Andecaliximab (INN; development code GS-5745) is an experimental humanized monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer and inflammatory diseases.

This drug was developed by Gilead Sciences, Inc.

Phase II and phase III trials for gastric cancer or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma completed in 2019.


Tlaquepaque

Tlaquepaque (), historically San Pedro Tlaquepaque, is a city and the surrounding municipality in the Mexican state of Jalisco.

Geography
During the 20th century, it was absorbed by the outward spread of the state capital, and is now a fully integrated part of the Guadalajara conurbation, lying only a few kilometers from the city center. The city had a 2010 census population of 575,942, making it the third largest city in the state, behind only Guadalajara proper, and Zapopan, another city in the metro area. The municipality's area is  and lies adjacent to the south side of Guadalajara. Its largest community besides Tlaquepaque is the town of Santa Anita, at the municipality's southwestern corner.

Climate
The climate of the municipality is semi-dry with dry winter and spring, semi-warm without defined winter season. The average annual temperature is 20.7 -C, and has an average annual rainfall of 919 millimeters with a rain regime in the months of June to August. The prevailing winds are in a southeasterly direction. The average number of frost days per year is 5.2.

Natural Resources
It currently has a few forest areas where species of acacia, palo dulce and granjeno predominate. The native fauna is composed of rabbits, hares, squirrels, reptiles, and various bird species in the region.

Hydrography
The municipality has no river, has streams with the most outstanding being El Seco, Sebastianito and New Spain. Previously there were the dams Las Lomas, La Ladrillera, Las Pintas and Las Rusias. Most of the land has an urban use and the is held as private property.

Geology
Lithologically, the municipality was formed in the Quaternary period and is composed of pumitic tobas (commonly known as pumice stone that are made up of explosion products such as lapillis, puzolanas and ash. The predominant soils belong to the type haplic feozem and planosol eútric. An associated soil is the planepeloic sun.

Economy
In the agricultural field the crops of maize, sorghum, sweet potato, onion, kale, lettuce and betabel stand out. In livestock, there are farms where meat and milk are reared, porcino-porcino cattle, sheep-sheep, goat-goat, poultry and posture, and beekeeping-beehives.

The main industrial branch is manufacturing, handicrafts, papier-mache, glass, brass, pottery, yarn, mud, leather and wood.
Within the municipality are located several industrial parks, in which they house different national and transnational plants, such as:
HP
BIMBO
LALA
Jose Cuervo

History
The name Tlaquepaque derives from Nahuatl and means "place above clay land". The area is famous for its pottery and blown glass.
Before the  Spaniards arrived on these lands, the Toluquilla, Zalatitán, Coyula, Tateposco, Tlaquepaque, Tapechi (Tepetitlán), and Tequepexpan, formed with  Tonalá a kingdom, ruled by a woman named Cihualpilli Tzapotzinco. It was inhabited by Tonalteca Indians and later by the tecos that were in place at the arrival of the Spaniards. It was a pre-Hispanic town settled on a hill where they built houses of grass, reaching 500 inhabitants.
In March 1530 he arrived in these lands Nuño de Guzmán and his people, entering San Martín de las Flores, formerly called Tlaxicoltzingo. Knowing the natives of the approach of the Spaniards, they were divided into two sides, because while Queen Cihualpilli and some gentlemen opted to give them a peaceful reception given their invincible power, others pretended to be resisted. The supporters of peace sent to the meeting of the Spaniards a delegation composed of nobles and rulers of the various peoples of the kingdom.
From the town of Tlaquepaque were Coyotl, Chitacotl and Tonatl, Xonatic, Cuauhuntin and Oceotl, from the town of Tetlán, Coyopitzantli from Tzalatitán, Timoac and Oxatl, from Atemaxac, Ipac, from Ichcatlán, and Tzacamitl from Xocatic gift of chickens, eggs, honey, ahuacates, onions and some fruits to tell them that they already had news of their coming and that they were waiting for them amicably Guzmán well received by the Queen of Tonalá, being baptized with the name of Juana Bautista Danza. This name was the winner of a raffle that made names such as Petra, Micaela and Juana. Dance was chosen because it arranged a dance in honor of the Spaniards.
Before entering the city, it sent several of its men to require the rebels who obtained in response a great shouting and a rain of arrows. Those who opposed confronted Guzman's army; The result of the meeting was unfavorable for the natives of the earth. All the rebels were captained by the lord of Tetlan, Tlaquitehuitli, and also by the Indian nobles Cuautipizahuac, and Catipamatac. On 25 March 1530, Nuño de Guzmán took possession of the kingdom of Tonalá and the subject peoples, including Tlaquepaque.
In 1548, the town received the name of San Pedro, at the suggestion of Fray Antonio de Segovia, and during the colonial era and throughout the nineteenth century, he was only known by that name. From the second half of the sixteenth century it acquired the character of corregimiento subject to the jurisdiction of the city of  Guadalajara. Once the Spaniards settled in Guadalajara, they began to exercise political and religious control in the surrounding towns, and the authorities of the incipient Pearl Tapatia ordered that San Pedro deliver a tribute according to the number of inhabitants and in accordance with their occupations. In that way, in 1551 they came and made the order clear to the encomendero that this tribute be fulfilled. San Pedro, according to the same census that was taken for the tax transaction, had 1416 inhabitants living in 177 jacales. The tribute they imposed was four loads of grass a day, ten chickens from Castile, ten loads of firewood and five service Indians a week, thirty blankets, forty tapatios, twenty pairs of quills, six loaves of salt and two jugs of honey, every two months, and four hundred hanegas of corn and twenty hanegas of chili every year.
In the year 1600, San Pedro had fewer inhabitants than Toluquilla, which today belongs to Tlaquepaque. Alonso de la Mota and Escobar said:

By 1621, San Pedro was a doctrine of Franciscan religious from the convent of Guadalajara. On the morning of 26 November 1810,  Hidalgo made his entrance to San Pedro where he was presented with a feast, and in the afternoon he entered the capital triumphantly.

The priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla arrives in San Pedro Tlaquepaque, on Sunday, 25 November, from Atequiza jal. It was arranged to take for your best comfort, the most comfortable house, you will be served a great banquet at noon, and at night a refreshment with all visitors, from the church and the government. Making preparations to leave San Pedro Tlaquepaque towards the capital today Guadalajara with around 7,000 men. Arriving around noon at the gates of the cathedral.
In 1821, San Pedro Tlaquepaque was the cradle of the proclamation of the  'Independence of Jalisco'  by the brigadier Pedro Celestino Negrete, since the document is signed in the town on 13 June of the same year . According to the decree of 27 March 1824, San Pedro became a member of the Guadalajara Department. In 1825, San Pedro is registered as a town.

Cultural Center El Refugio
In 1859, Fray Luis Argüello Bernal was given the task of designing, sponsoring and building a hospital and house of spiritual exercises that was named "El Refugio" and "Casa de la Salud Josefina", (since it was administered by the Religious Josefinas until 1935), this with the financing of the Brotherhood of San Vicente de Paul, in addition to the contributions of the neighborhood of San Pedro, as well as the wealthy families of Guadalajara who had their summer homes in San Pedro Tlaquepaque. Its construction is colonial style of approximately 10,000 m².

In the year of 1979 it was closed, and after being abandoned for a long time, the construction was acquired by the Municipal Administration of Tlaquepaque of Mr. Porfirio Cortés Silva in 1983; and rescued, renovated and modified in 1984 by the Architect Alejandro Zhon, in order to carry out the Cultural Center "The Refuge" who was responsible for carrying out the rehabilitation work, which retained the original architecture of the building, highlighting its lengths corridors and large patios, making it a Cultural, Commercial, Craft and Tourist Center.

Tourism

It is a resort focused on the crafts of pottery, textiles and [blowing glass]. Its streets and walkers are adorned with various Casonas of the last century, in addition to colonial constructions, the Tapatío Tour arrives at the municipality on one of its routes. The main attractions in the municipal head are:
St. Peter's Parish - enclosure built by the Franciscan Order, which receives the category of Parish in 1845, constitutes one of the spiritual pillars of San Pedro Tlaquepaque. Its construction is a mixture of styles, including: Byzantine, Baroque and Roman. At the front is the terminus of St. John Paul II.
Hidalgo Garden - with its square and kiosk surrounded by fresh palms, ash and roses
Municipal Palace - this colonial building dates from the nineteenth century. Currently, it is used as administrative and government offices of San Pedro Tlaquepaque. On the second floor is the mural "Historia de Fuego" by the artist Camilo Ramírez and the large format painting "Yolotl" by Eusebio Sánchez Benítez; worthy of admiration.
El Parián - This famous and typical building that characterizes San Pedro Tlaquepaque is a place of family gathering and recreation and place for civic and social festivities. It currently has 18 restaurants and bars.
Andador Independencia. - Andador with art galleries, artisan shops, old houses, the Regional Ceramics Museum, bars and restaurants.
Centro Cultural el Refugio.- in 1885, Fray Argoello began the construction of this building, which functioned as a general and psychiatric hospital and was built in various stages. Currently, it is the Center for Congresses, Conventions, Exhibitions and Special Events. In its facilities are the School of Plastic Arts, Crafts and Crafts "Angel Carranza" and the Museum of the National Prize for Ceramics "Pantaleón Panduro".
El Refugio Cultural Center.
Panduro Pantaleon Museum. - Museum of the National Prize for Ceramics "Pantaleón Panduro".- The museum is located on the premises of the Cultural Center el Refugio. It houses the winning pieces of the National Prize for Ceramics, the same from different states of the Mexican Republic.
Regional Ceramics Museum - The Museum has eight exhibition halls, containing pieces from different regions of Jalisco and Mexico; including the miniatures of the Tlaquepanse Angel Carranza. In addition, an extra room, is dedicated to art and culture exhibitions.
Parish of San Pedro Tlaquepaque
Juarez Street.
 Sanctuary of the Holy Mexican Martyrs - The martyrs gave their lives for Christ and for Our Lady, so this sanctuary fulfills the mission of remembering those who with their blood fed the faith of the Mexican people. In fact, most of these martyrs were from Guadalajara or passed through this city during the persecution of the 1920s. Today, recalls Héctor Castellanos, the Guadalajara seminary has about 1,000 seminarians and is one of the most important in the world. The origin of the construction has a double slope, on the one hand because of the needs of the Diocese when it comes to mass acts, and on the other of a desire of St. John Paul II to investigate and give value to the Mexican victims of religious persecution.

Main sights

Tlaquepaque features El Parián, a large plaza flanked by columned arcades and surrounded by restaurants and bars. The main square in the city centre is known as El Jardín Hidalgo ("Hidalgo Garden"), named after Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, the "Father of Mexican Independence."  A larger-than-life statue of Hidalgo dominates the square. Other main features include the two important churches, El Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Soledad (The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Solitude) and San Pedro (Saint Peter), and the Benito Juárez market.

Culture
Tlaquepaque is known for its mariachi bands.
During the annual San Pedro festivities, El Jardín is filled with stalls and street sellers. On the day of San Pedro itself, towering firework-festooned structures known as the Castillo ("castle") and Toro ("bull") are set alight.

Etymology
The native name has its etymology in the same land. The word "Tlaquepaque" means "Place on hills of barrial land," although there are other versions that are inclined to "men who manufacture mud clay ("Tlacapan")". For others the word "Tlaquepaque" comes from the word "Tlalipac", "on mud hills". Yet another etymology says that it means "place of mud."

Recovery of the original name
as established in the initiative that the municipal president sent to the State Congress, in 1843 San Pedro Tlaquepaque was granted the category of Villa, a name he kept until 1917, when by decree of the then governor Manuel Aguirre Berlanga, prohibited in Jalisco using the name of saints in streets, squares, parks, as well as "living people, animals or other frivolous designations". The ban did not include municipalities, but San Pedro Tlaquepaque lost the first part of its original name.
Currently, the municipality of Tlaquepaque recovered its full name San Pedro Tlaquepaque, an initiative carried out by the municipal president, Miguel Castro Reynoso.
Before seeking recovery, the City Council of Tlaquepaque carried out a consultation between residents of the municipality, both the head and other delegations. The polls were available to citizens from 20 September to 8 October 2010 and 13,043 people participated. The result was that 62.4 percent of the people consulted are in favor of the municipality being renamed San Pedro Tlaquepaque; 37.2 percent to stay as is and 0.4 percent did not answer. The results of the consultation were the basis for the agreement that the plenary session of the City of Tlaquepaque took on 11 November 2010, through which the municipal president was authorized to present to the State Congress an initiative to request the name change, as well as the modification of article 4 of the Law of Government and Municipal Public Administration, which establishes the list of municipalities that make up Jalisco.
On 21 June 2011, the Constitutional Points Commission of the State Congress approved the opinion through which the name change is authorized, so on 27 September 2011 the State Congress approved that the municipality of Tlaquepaque return to its original name, that is, San Pedro.

Tlaquepaque is also known for its famous tepache, a partially fermented drink made with pineapple, brown sugar and water.

Sister cities
 Antigua Guatemala, Guatemala
 Atwater, California, United States
 Cancún, Quintana Roo, Mexico
 Glendale, California, United States
 Metepec, State of Mexico, Mexico
 Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
 Old Havana, Cuba
 San Joaquín, Querétaro, Mexico
 San Miguel de Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico
 Springfield, Missouri, United States
 Zapotiltic, Jalisco, Mexico
 Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States
 Innsbruck,Austria
 Leuven,Belgium
 Nitra,Eslovaquia
 Dortmund,Germany


Catherine of Navarre

Catherine () (1468 – 12 February 1517), Queen of Navarre, reigned from 1483 until 1517. She was also Duchess of Gandia, Montblanc, and Peñafiel, Countess of Foix, Bigorre, and Ribagorza, and Viscountess of Béarn.

Biography
Catherine was the younger daughter of Gaston of Foix, Prince of Viana, and Magdalena of Valois, the sister of Louis XI of France. She was born & raised during the reign of her paternal great-grandfather, King John II, who was succeeded by her grandmother Eleanor in 1479. Their father having already died, the crown of Navarre devolved upon Catherine's brother Francis Phoebus upon their grandmother's death the same year.

Reign
In 1483 the death of Francis made Catherine queen under the regency of their mother. Her uncle John of Foix, appealing to the Salic Law alien to the Kingdom of Navarre, claimed the throne and ignited a civil war (1483–1492) that reignited the old conflict of the Beaumont-Agramont parties. In 1484, hard pressed by ambitions over the throne of Navarre, Magdalena of Valois decided to marry 15-year-old Catherine to John of Albret, hailing from a noble family in western Gascony. This marriage was favored by many of Catherine's Iberian subjects and would have given Catherine much needed support in her fight against her uncle's claim.

The wedding took place at the Notre Dâme Cathedral of Lescar in 1486, but the coronation of the young couple in Pamplona was deferred until 1494, after a fleeting peace treaty with Louis of Beaumont, Count of Lerín, and Catherine's granduncle, King Ferdinand II of Aragon, was signed. However, the marriage did not garner the sympathy of the Navarrese Beaumont party, always preferring Isabella I of Castile's and Ferdinand II of Aragon's offer to marry Catherine to their son John, Prince of Asturias, and even the Agramont party split. Catherine's mother Magdalena died in 1495.

In 1504, she made her will, confirming her son Henry's right to succeed her and expressing her wish to be buried at the Cathedral of Pamplona—ultimately both she and John were interred in Lescar. The political alliance between the houses of Valois and Foix ahead of an impending Spanish invasion led to marriage negotiations between Catherine and Louis XII in 1512. It was suggested that Henry should marry a daughter of the French king.

1512 Castilian-Aragonese invasion

Ferdinand, who had allied with the Pope against France, presented a set of claims to the legitimate royal family of Navarre. Catherine did not accept the demands, and Ferdinand sent Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba, over to Pamplona, who occupied Pamplona on 25 July 1512. The Castilians went on to conquer St-Jean-Pied-de-Port (Donibane Garazi in Basque) after setting fire to Roncevaux, and wrought havoc across the merindad of Ultrapuertos (Lower Navarre). The Spanish troops would retain the southern half of that region intermittently for the next years. Catherine and John III, overwhelmed by the Castilian push, fled to Bearn, constituent part of their kingdom. They set their base in Pau, Orthez and Tarbes, where they alternately resided most of the time until their deaths.

On 23 March 1513, the Cortes of Navarre reunited in Pamplona (Iruñea in Basque), greatly reduced to the pro-Spanish Beaumont party, and pledged allegiance to Ferdinand in exchange for his loyalty to the Navarrese laws. In 1515, Upper Navarre was annexed to the Crown of Castile as a different kingdom (aeque principalis), and it would be one constituent part of the Kingdom of the Spains, as Spain came to be known during the following period.

Later years
In 1516, two columns led by King John III and Pedro, Marshal of Navarre, crossed the Pyrenees south and attempted to reconquer Navarre but they failed to progress into the heartland of the kingdom. Devastated by the defeats undergone, John retreated to Monein, and died on 17 June 1516. Queen Catherine did not outlive her husband much longer, and died in her domain of Mont-de-Marsan on 12 February 1517, just a few months later. By then, she had given birth to 13 children (other sources point to 14).

From 1512 to her death in 1517, Catherine was actual queen only in some areas of Basse-Navarre, or Lower Navarre, north of the Pyrenees, but her domains extended to the contiguous Principality of Bearn and other lands.

Children

She and John III of Navarre were parents to thirteen children:
Anne of Navarre (19 May 1492 – 15 August 1532).
Magdalena of Navarre (29 March 1494 – May 1504).
Catherine of Navarre (1495 – November 1532). Abbess of the Trinity at Caen.
Joan of Navarre (15 June 1496 – last mentioned in November, 1496).
Quiteria of Navarre (1499 – September/October 1536). Abbess at Montivilliers.
A stillborn son in 1500.
Andrew Phoebus of Navarre (14 October 1501 – 17 April 1503).
Henry II of Navarre (18 April 1503 – 25 May 1555).
Buenaventura of Navarre (14 July 1505 – 1510/1511).
Martin of Navarre (c. 1506 – last mentioned in 1512).
Francis of Navarre (1508 – last mentioned in 1512).
Charles of Navarre (12 December 1510 – September 1528). Took part in the Siege of Naples during the War of the League of Cognac but was captured. Died while still held as a prisoner of war.
Isabella of Navarre (1513/1514 – last mentioned in 1555). Married Rene I, Viscount of Rohan.


York-Chester Historic District

York-Chester Historic District is a national historic district located at Gastonia, Gaston County, North Carolina.  It encompasses 649 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, and 1 contributing structure in a predominantly residential section of Gastonia. The dwellings were built between about 1856 and 1955, and include notable examples of Queen Anne and Bungalow / American Craftsman architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed former Gastonia High School.  Other notable contributing resources include the Beal-Ragan Garden, Oakwood Cemetery, Caroline Hanna House (c. 1882), Spurrier Apartment building (c. 1929), Edgewood Apartments (c. 1937), and Devant J. and June S. Purvis House (1951).

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.


Fallen Leaf Lake (California)

Fallen Leaf Lake is a mountain lake located in El Dorado County, California, near the California-Nevada state border, about one mile south west of the much larger Lake Tahoe. It is approximately aligned north-to-south and oval in shape, measuring approximately 2.9 miles (4.6 km) on the long axis and 0.9 miles (1.4 km) on the short axis. The lake was created by at least two glaciers that traveled northward down the Glen Alpine Valley. If the glacier had continued instead of stopping, Fallen Leaf Lake would be a bay of Lake Tahoe, similar to nearby Emerald Bay. A terminal moraine is visible at the north end of the lake on the northeast edge.

Surrounding land

Fallen Leaf Lake is located within the National Forest System lands managed by the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, adjacent to El Dorado County. The land surrounding the lake is privately owned, leased from the U.S. Forest Service, and part of the Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit. Like some areas where the Forest Service has leased land intermingled with private land, the two land types appear in a mosaic or checkerboard pattern.

Access

Fallen Leaf Road is approximately 5 miles (8 km) long, and begins at State Route 89, which runs along the south shore of Lake Tahoe. The road intersects the highway approximately half a mile (800 m) west of Camp Richardson, a resort and campground on the southern shore of Lake Tahoe. The road runs generally to the south, is one lane wide and paved, and has turnouts to allow cars to pass each other. The road passes the Fallen Leaf Lake Campground, operated by the Forest Service, and then past privately owned meadows. Two miles south of Highway 89, Angora Road provides access to Angora Lookout, a Forest Service fire lookout on the east side of the lake and approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) above the lake's surface, and to  Angora Lakes Resort. It also connects to US 50/SR 89 via Sawmill Road.

Fallen Leaf Road continues south past privately owned homes following the lakeshore. Emigrant Road connects to Fallen Leaf Road approximately three miles from SR 89, and provides access to houses above the lake on the eastern slope. There is little commercial development at the lake other than the tiny Fallen Leaf Marina and Store at the southern extremity of the lake. The road winds around the south end of the lake, past St. Francis of the Mountains, an Episcopalian chapel, and then across a concrete bridge spanning Glen Alpine Creek. Glen Alpine Road begins at the bridge and runs for about two miles southwest to Glen Alpine Springs, one of the trailheads to the Desolation Wilderness Area.

Cathedral Road also intersects Highway 89, and travels south to the houses on the west side of the lake. While it runs to within about three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km) of Fallen Leaf Road, they do not connect. Some of the homes on the west side of the lake have no road access and are accessed on foot or by boat.

Tributaries

Fallen Leaf Lake is fed almost entirely by Glen Alpine Creek at the south end, which is in turn fed by several lakes in the Desolation Wilderness area including Gilmore Lake, Susie Lake, Heather Lake, and Grass Lake. In the spring, melting snow causes a vigorous flow of cold water into the lake which gradually tapers off during the summer months until the creek flow is greatly reduced in late summer and the fall. Other much smaller creeks and streams feed the lake, including Cathedral Creek, but they are not nearly as important as Glen Alpine Creek.

Taylor Creek is the only outflow, and it is controlled by a long, low concrete dam with an adjustable spillway to control the rate at which the water leaves the lake. This dam is 12ft high and 265ft in length. Taylor Creek flows northward, passing under Highway 89, and enters Lake Tahoe at Baldwin Beach.

The lake

Fallen Leaf is approximately 415 feet (125 m) deep at its deepest point, which is east of the sheer face of Mount Tallac and north of Stanford Sierra Camp. The average depth of the lake is around 240 feet (72 m), and the bottom falls away rapidly as one moves away from the shorelines. Due to the action of the glaciers that carved the lake, the northern end of the lake has a much more gradual depth change, and the bottom can be seen from the surface for a quarter-mile (400 m) offshore. Along other shores, the bottom may be hidden in as little as 100 feet (30 m) offshore.

The water quality is extremely good due to the lack of commercial development (including golf courses and their fertilizer-rich runoff), the universal use of sewers, and modern sediment retention techniques associated with new development. Visibility runs around 40–50 feet (10–15 m) under most conditions. The water is potable, and many homes along the shoreline run a pipe offshore to provide water during the winter when other water systems may be turned off.

The water in the lake is exchanged every eight years, compared to the much deeper, therefore slower, Lake Tahoe, which exchanges every 700 years.

The surface elevation of the lake is 152 feet (46 m) above Lake Tahoe.

Mature conifer trees can be found on the bottom of Fallen Leaf Lake, preserved for some 800 years by the cold water.  Some scientists believe that these trees show evidence of a so-called "megadrought" occurring between the 9th and 12th centuries that eliminated or reduced the lake, allowing conifers to grow to maturity.  Even older trees have been identified by dendrologists dating to between 18 and 35 centuries ago. A recent expedition by the Undersea Voyager Project concluded that the ancient trees did not grow there during an ancient drought, but rather slid into the lake during one of the many seismic events that have occurred in the Tahoe Basin since it was formed.

After the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency banned two-stroke outboard boat motors in the late 1990s, pollution from these engines was virtually eliminated.

Local terrain

As the glaciers receded from the Fallen Leaf basin, they left some dramatic rock formations including Cathedral Peak to the west, and the ridge upon which the Angora Lookout is located on the east (now forested). Cathedral Peak () might be better named Cathedral Ridge since, while it appears to be a solitary peak from the vantage point on the lake, it is really the beginning of a ridge that leads in the direction of Gilmore Lake and Mount Tallac. Incidentally, Mount Tallac () is familiar to anyone who was a fan of the television series Bonanza as it appeared with its characteristic cross of snow behind the Cartwright family as they rode towards the camera.

Cathedral Peak does not have a trail that leads directly to it, but can be reached by three different approaches. The Middle Trail to Tallac is a trail that begins near Lily Lake and which runs along the northern side of Glen Alpine Valley. It runs up to a junction which splits off to Gilmore Lake and Mount Tallac. Intrepid hikers can set off cross-country in the general direction of Cathedral Peak, about half a mile (800 m) away. Another route is from Gilmore Lake, to the same junction. Finally, the Lake Trail begins at the end of Fallen Leaf Road and slowly climbs up to Cathedral Lake and Floating Island Lake, and eventually to the Mount Tallac trail.

Ecology
Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) is the only trout species native to Fallen Leaf Lake, Lake Tahoe and the Truckee River Basin but were extirpated by introduction of predatory non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), other competing non-native salmonids, and overfishing. Re-introduction into Fallen Leaf Lake of the Pilot Peak strain of Lahontan cutthroat trout (LCT), established as the LCT strain native to the watershed, began in 2006. This strain grows larger than any other LCT subspecies. Although the LCT suffer from heavy predation by lake trout, interbreeding with non-native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and foraging competition with non-native kokanee salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), their population is gradually increasing in the lake.

Water activities

Most homes that have lake front property have docks and/or boathouses, generally with an older ski boat or a 16–20 feet (5–7 m) sailboat. The marina has room for approximately 60 boats, many of which are owned by property owners without direct access to the water. Wakeboard and waterski boats are the most common, followed by dedicated fishing boats, a few sailboats and pontoon boats, and some manually propelled craft. Kayaking is becoming more popular, as is recreational rowing.

Fishing is popular, if not particularly productive, for brown trout, rainbow trout and lake trout. The Forest Service stocks the lake and Glen Alpine Creek, which improves anglers' odds. The lake has also seen what appears to be a successful reintroduction of the Lahontan cutthroat trout, which were fished to extinction in the Lake Tahoe area in the twenties and thirties.

Sailing is challenging on the lake due to the shifty and gusty winds. The prevailing winds can either be southerlies from Glen Alpine Valley, or northerlies from Lake Tahoe. Sailors must contend with occasionally strong gusts, and the water temperature is not amenable to capsizes.

Notable people
David Packard Family (1912-1996), Industrialist, co-founder of Hewlett Packard
 Anita Baldwin (1876-1939) daughter of Elias Jackson "Lucky" Baldwin, prominent California businessman and investor in the second half of the 19th Century
 Bill Green, former United States record and NCAA record holder in Track and Field, 5th in the hammer throw in the 1984 Summer Olympics
 John Steinbeck (1902-1968), Pulitzer Prize-winning author (employed at the Fallen Leaf Lodge in the late 1920s)
 Robert Mondavi Family
Alex Gansa, Emmy Award winning television writer and producer


Michael A. Perry

Michael Anthony Perry, O.F.M. (born 1954), is an American Franciscan friar who is the General Minister  of the Order of Friars Minor.

Biography
Perry was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, in the United States. He is a 1972 Graduate of Roncalli High School (Indiana). He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in History and Philosophy from Quincy University. Following his university studies, he entered the novitiate of the Province of the Sacred Heart of the Franciscan Order on 25 June 1977, and professed temporary religious vows on 11 August of the following year, the feast day of Saint Clare of Assisi.

Perry was then sent to pursue his academic studies in preparation for ordination as a Catholic priest. He earned the degree of Master of Arts in Theology, and then a Masters of Divinity from Catholic Theological Union in Chicago, IL. He professed solemn vows as a full member of the Franciscan friars on 10 October 1981, and was ordained on 2 June 1984.

After his ordination, Perry was assigned to serve his province in the formation of its candidates, during which time he worked with the Office of Justice, Peace and Integrity of Creation, an international ministry of the Franciscan friars. For ten years he worked as a missionary in the Democratic Republic of Congo. During that period, he gained a Doctorate in religious anthropology. He worked in Africa until his election as Provincial Minister  of his province in 2008.

After his return to the United States, Perry served as a resource for Catholic Relief Services and the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. His return to his native country lasted only a year, however, as the following year he was elected to serve as the Vicar General of the entire order.

Perry was elected General Minister of the order on 22 May 2013, to complete the six-year term of his predecessor, José Rodríguez Carballo, O.F.M., after Rodríguez was named a bishop and the new secretary for the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, a part of the Roman Curia of the Catholic Church.


2019 WDF World Cup

The 2019 WDF World Cup will be the 19th edition of the WDF World Cup darts tournament, organised by the World Darts Federation. It will be held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania from October 8 to 12.

Entered teams

27 countries/associations entered a team in the event, which is eleven less than 2011.  Not all teams took part in all events (for example Switzerland did not enter the youth events).

  Australia
  Austria
  Brazil
  Bulgaria
  Canada
  Catalonia
  Croatia
  Cyprus
  Czech Republic
  Denmark
  Egypt
  England
  Estonia
  Ethiopia

  Finland
  France
  Germany
  Gibraltar
  Greece
  Hong Kong
  Hungary
  Iceland
  India
  Iran
  Ireland
  Isle of Man
  Italy
  Japan

  Jersey
  Latvia
  Lithuania
  Luxembourg
  Mongolia
  Netherlands
  New Zealand
  Northern Ireland
  Norway
  Pakistan
  Romania
  Russia
  Scotland
  Serbia

  Slovakia
  Slovenia
  South Africa
  South Korea
  Spain
  Sweden
  Switzerland
  Trinidad and Tobago
  Turkey
  Turks and Caicos Islands
  Ukraine
  United States
  Wales

 Guyana and  Uganda originally entered but both pulled out with visa issues

Men's singles

Women's singles

Men's Team

Men's Pairs

Women's Pairs

Youth Winners

Final Points Tables


Music of Maryland

Maryland is a U.S. state with a musical heritage that dates back to the Native Americans of the region and includes contributions to colonial era music, modern American popular and folk music. The music of Maryland includes a number of popular musicians, folk styles and a documented music history that dates to the colonial archives on music from Annapolis, an important source in research on colonial music. Famous modern musicians from Maryland range from jazz singer Billie Holiday to pop punk band Good Charlotte, and include a wide array of popular styles.

Modern Maryland is home to many well-regarded music venues, including the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra and Baltimore Opera, and the Peabody Institute's Conservatory of Music. Baltimore, the largest city in the state, is home to many important local venues, such as the Red Room, a center for the local experimental music scene, and the house nightspot Club Choices.  Outside of Baltimore, Frederick's Weinberg Center for the Arts and Rockville's Strathmore are also important regional venues. The Merriweather Post Pavilion and 1st Mariner Arena host most of the largest concerts in the area. Since HFStival ended its successful run in 2006, Virgin Festival has taken over as one of the most popular summer festivals on the east coast since its inaugural year in 2006.

Institutions
Most of the major musical organizations in Baltimore were founded by musicians who trained at the Peabody Institute's Conservatory of Music. These include Baltimore Choral Arts and the Baltimore Opera, as well as the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra (BSO). The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra formed in 1916 and was the only orchestra in the country to operate as a branch of the city's government. In 1942, the orchestra was reorganized as a private institution. The Orchestra claims that Joseph Meyerhoff, President of the Orchestra beginning in 1965, and his music director, Sergiu Comissiona, began the modern history of the BSO and "ensured the creation of an institution, which has become the undisputed leader of the arts community throughout the State of Maryland".

Aside from the prominent Baltimore Symphony, Maryland is also home to several other institutions. The Annapolis Symphony Orchestra, founded in 1962, is a well-known organization that has hosted guests like Cuban violinist Guillermo Perich and Charlie Byrd; the Annapolis Orchestra inspired composer David Ott to create the Annapolis Overture, which debuted in 1995. The Rohrersville Cornet Band, part of Maryland's cornet band heritage, claims to be the oldest continually performing community band in the state, having been founded in 1837; it now performs in a dedicated music hall in Rohrersville.  The Maryland Classic Youth Orchestras (MCYO) was formed in the 1946 to "nurture, develop and advance young talented musicians in a quality orchestral program". Beginning in 1964, the Orchestras began to offer new programs, such as a summer camp that eventually became the Maryland Center for the Arts.

Venues and festivals

The largest music venue in Maryland is the Merriweather Post Pavilion, opened in 1967 and designed by architect Frank Gehry to avoid disturbing as much as possible the surrounding Symphony Woods; it is an outdoor performance area, home to most of the largest concerts that come through the area. In the 1990s and early 2000s, HFStival, held by the WHFS radio station, established itself as an extremely popular annual festival, and became a major draw across the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area. Since 2006, Virgin Festival has established itself as a hugely popular festival annually held at Pimlico Race Course, drawing in a variety of popular acts. The Takoma Park Folk Festival is also well known among folk music aficionados, and has been held annually since 1978 in Takoma Park, Maryland.

Baltimore is home to several important concert spaces, including the Meyerhoff Symphony Hall, Concordia Hall and the Lyric Opera House. The Meyerhoff is home to the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. Concordia Hall is a long-standing venue, founded in 1867 by German musical societies, which were then a large portion of Baltimore's population. The Lyric Opera House, founded in 1894, is another important Baltimore music venue; it has hosted many of the most famous performers and public speakers to come to Baltimore.  Smaller Hardcore and Punk acts play at the Charm City Art Space.

The city of Frederick is home to the Weinberg Centre for the Arts, which shows various kinds of theatrical and musical productions. The Weinberg was originally a large movie theater called the Tivoli, opened in 1926; the Tivoli was destroyed in a flood in 1976, and was reopened as the Weinberg Center two years later. North Bethesda's Strathmore opened in 1976, and is now a home for numerous programs, including the largest of its music venues, the Music Center at Strathmore; the Strathmore has hosted well-known musicians and composers like the cellist Steven Honigberg, pianist Christopher Taylor, jazz singers Nnenna Freelon and Luciana Souza and composers Virgil Thomson and Gunther Schuller, as well as DC-area cult acts like the founder of Go-go, Chuck Brown, and the reunited punk band The Slickee Boys.

History

Indigenous peoples created the first music in what became Maryland. The documented music history of Maryland begins during the colonial era, in the 18th century. The capital city of Annapolis was a major center for music during the colonial era; the city's Tuesday Club left behind documentation of musical life in Annapolis, one of the most complete sources for musical knowledge about that era in the United States. The larger growing port city of Baltimore 20 miles farther north eventually replaced Annapolis as a center for music in Maryland, and eventually became home to most of the prominent music institutions in the state, especially the Peabody Institute, founded by George Peabody in 1857. Later still, Baltimore's Pennsylvania Avenue, northwest of downtown, became a very well known home for African American music, especially jazz, while Maryland began producing popular musicians like The Orioles. In modern times, Maryland has been a home for styles including emo and hardcore punk.

Colonial era
A few instruments, such as drums and trumpets, are known to have existed in the early history of the Maryland colony, probably as a functional means "of calling the populace to church or to market, or in serving as symbols for sea captains and those from the military"; some folk dancing and ballad singing is also substantiated by the historical record. The early colonists had little tradition of any performance art, due to the small number of individuals, their low standard of living and great poverty and disease.

With the arrival of large numbers of slaves, however, some white plantation owners earned enough wealth to invest in music and dance. The upper class used instruments like the flute, violin and harpsichord and danced formal dances like the stately minuet or English country dance, while the lower classes preferred reels and jigs, accompanied by various kinds of guitars, drums, banjos, transverse flutes and recorders, as well as, more rarely, hammered dulcimers and harpsichords.

Local music groups during the colonial era did much to sponsor musical development. Annapolis, a major center for colonial music in British North America, was home to the Homony Club and the Tuesday Club, while the Freemasons held balls and concerts across Maryland. Unlike the northern United States, religious music did not prosper in Maryland until the end of the colonial period, and then only in the German communities in the bustling ethnic port city of Baltimore along with outlying rural farming towns of Carroll, Montgomery and Frederick counties. Tavern owners frequently sponsored dances and concerts during the colonial era. Beginning in 1752, theater became a major part of Maryland culture for colonists of all classes; performances included light dance and incidental music, ballad operas and the works of William Shakespeare. Aside from the cultural and state capital of Annapolis, the city of Baltimore, and county seat towns of Upper Marlboro in southern Maryland  and Chestertown on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay, were major homes for Maryland theater, home to the debuts of the latest and most popular dances. With the French and Indian War (1754–1763), and then the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), soldiers brought back home to Maryland military band music, especially fife and drum ensembles.

Early independence and 19th century
Professional theater in Maryland died out during the American Revolution  but was reestablished by 1780, now with Baltimore having replaced Annapolis as a cultural capital in the state. Maryland ratified the federal Constitution on April 28, 1788 and became the seventh state in the Union. The Holiday Street Theater in Baltimore opened in 1793 and was one of the first large theaters in the country, showcasing light theater, opera, and concerts. In 1822, Arthur Clifton from Baltimore debuted his opera The Enterprise, while religious music flourished after the 1821 opening of the first constructed Roman Catholic Cathedral in the country. The African Methodist Episcopal churches in Maryland were home to singing traditions using the shape-note method.

By the turn of the century, the middle classes of Maryland were holding regular dances featuring the cotillion, quadrille, schottische, polka and waltz. Eastern European dances were also popular, brought by immigrants from various countries. Many immigrants in Maryland moved to Baltimore, forming their own distinct neighborhoods with German liederkranz singing societies, and Irish St. Patrick's Day parades and Jewish chants flourished among their respective communities. Maryland was home to several folk traditions, including the work songs of rail and canal diggers and the crab- and oystermen of the Chesapeake Bay, whose repertoire varied from hymns to risqué songs and Bahaman shanties.

By the middle of the 19th century, Baltimore was a major center of sheet music publishing, home to Joseph Carr, F. D. Benteen, John Cole and George Willig, as well as the piano-building businesses of William Knabe and Charles Stieff. This period also saw the rise of blackface minstrel shows, featuring the pseudo-African American songs of composers like Dan Emmett and Stephen Foster.

During the Civil War, Maryland was a border state, home to people who sympathized with both sides of the conflict. Federal troops occupied Baltimore, and some people who wrote music that favored the Confederacy were jailed; these pieces included "The Confederacy March", "Stonewall Jackson's Way" and "Maryland, My Maryland", the last later becoming Maryland's state song. The Civil War left several lasting effects on American music nationwide, most importantly the normalization of white and black cultural mixing, especially in music, caused by the mixing of soldiers in multiracial units; military brass bands became a popular part of the music scene during and after the war, one of the first being the Moxley Band from Frederick.

The middle of the 19th century saw a wave of immigration from Europe into the United States, including a large number of German musicians who settled in Baltimore; the presence of these musicians, as well as the general growth in urban population with the industrial revolution and the continued rise of the music publishing industry, helped make music training more affordable for more Americans.

Conservatories, institutes of music education, were introduced to the United States in the mid to late 19th century, beginning with Baltimore's Peabody Institute's Conservatory of Music, founded in 1857. The Peabody trained numerous musicians who went on to found most of Baltimore's major musical organizations, including the Baltimore Opera, Baltimore Choral Arts and the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra. Though founded in 1857, the Peabody Institute did not hold an orchestral concert until after the Civil War, when James Monroe Deems directed a concert; Deems was a musician and composer, known for Nebuchadnezzar, one of the first American oratorios. He was succeeded by Lucien Southard, who failed to organize the Institute (then known as the Academy of Music), blaming the lack of a "proper musical atmosphere" in Baltimore. It was not until Asger Hamerik's reign that the Peabody Symphony Orchestra finally became successful, one of only five professional orchestras in the country at the time. Hamerik was an advocate of American music and regularly included the works of American composers, eschewing the more typical European programs.

The Peabody during Hamerik's leadership produced such noted individuals as Otto Sutro, publisher, music store owner and host of a music society called the Wednesday Club, and with fellow Peabody alum Fritz Finke, founder of the Oratorio Society. In 1871, Ford's Grand Opera House opened, followed three years later by the Academy of Music; this new Academy of Music shared the name with the Peabody Institute's organization, but in the same year changed to the Conservatory of Music. The Academy's conductor, Adam Itzel, Jr. was a very popular composer, known for the national hit light opera The Tar and the Tartar.

Early 20th century
There were a number of mostly informal musical societies in Maryland by the end of the 19th century, including the Saturday Night Club of H. L. Mencken and the Florestan Club, which hosted such musicians as Mischa Elman, Leopold Stokowski and Walter Damrosch. The Baltimore Symphony Orchestra was the first permanent orchestra in the city since 1895, when the Peabody Orchestra dissolved; it opened in 1916 with conductor Gustav Strube; this came three years after the formation of the short-lived Baltimore Opera Society, which was eventually replaced by the Baltimore Opera in 1927.

While the largely white middle- and upper-class Baltimoreans supported the orchestras and other societies, the city's African Americans formed their own Coloured Symphony Orchestra in 1931, which was municipally supported just like the BSO; the first performance included Ellis Larkins and Anne Brown, the latter known for creating the role of Bess in Porgy and Bess. At the time, Pennsylvania Avenue (often known simply as The Avenue) was the major scene for Baltimore's black musicians, and was an early home for Eubie Blake and Noble Sissle, among others.

Early 21st century
Many new, independent performing arts organizations formed in the early 21st century, including the Baltimore Rock Opera Society, Symphony Number One, Lunar Ensemble, and SONAR New Music Ensemble. Many of these groups were founded by students and alumni of the Peabody Institute.

Folk music
Maryland's folk music heritage remains little studied. There have been no major musicological studies in Maryland, though some Anglo-American and African American folk songs have been documented. The Library of Congress' American Folklife Center has a library of recorded Maryland folk music, which includes a wide array of songs and styles, including Bahamanian spirituals, Mexican music, African American blues, Appalachian folk music, steelpan and gospel music, and Piscataway Native American music. Maryland's folk heritage also includes the traditional music of the German communities of central and western Maryland. Cornet bands, such as the Rohrersville Cornet Band, are also a prominent part of Maryland's folk heritage.

The oystermen and others who work on the Chesapeake Bay have their own distinct folk song styles which include hymns and work songs. Some locally popular performers have used these folk themes in their music, including Bob Zentz and Steve Keith, all of whom have appeared on records by the Annapolis Maritime Museum's Chesapeake Music Institute. The Piedmont blues, a style of blues music, is most closely associated with the music of Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia and South Carolina, but also exists in Maryland, which has produced modern performers like Warner Williams and Jay Summerour. Bill Jackson, born 1906, from Granite, Maryland was an obscure Piedmont blues guitarist and singer. He was discovered by Pete Welding and recorded his first and only record in 1962. The Piedmont blues arose from a mixture of black gospel music with white string ensembles, and is characterized by a style of guitar playing influenced by ragtime and country music.

Popular music

Maryland has produced popular musicians from many fields, including doo wop and hardcore punk, as well as the gangsta rap of Tupac Shakur, the contemporary R&B of Toni Braxton (who had two No. 1 Billboard Hot 100 hits, including "Un-break My Heart" in 1996), Sisqo (who had a No. 1 Hot 100 hit with "Incomplete" in 2000), and Mario (who had a No. 1 Hot 100 hit with "Let Me Love You" in 2005), and the pop of Cass Elliott. Though doo wop can be traced to many urban areas across the United States, especially New York City, Sonny Til's 1946 band called The Vibranaires, later known as The Orioles, can be considered the first doo wop group.  The genre-crossing Frank Zappa was also from Maryland, as was Tupac Shakur, who was born in Harlem, though he began his career in Baltimore, eventually becoming one of the most famous rappers in hip hop history. Rapper Logic has had two No. 1 albums on the Billboard 200 including Everybody in 2017.

Maryland has also produced many renowned jazz musicians, such as Eubie Blake, Elmer Snowden and Billie Holiday.  The Urbanite magazine describes Baltimore jazz as variously a wildly varying array of styles or a "hard bop town, where R&B, gospel and bebop meet"; during the middle of the 20th century, Baltimore produced a vibrant local jazz tradition characterized by the use of the B3 organ. Many modern Baltimorean jazz musicians are renowned saxophonists, including Gary Thomas, Gary Bartz and the Afro-Caribbean influenced TK Blue. Internationally acclaimed jazz ensemble Fertile Ground are also based in Baltimore.

Talking Heads lead singer David Byrne lived in Baltimore. Jimmie's Chicken Shack, Clutch, Good Charlotte, SR-71, All Time Low, and O.A.R. are other popular American rock bands with strong ties to Maryland.

Mama Cass Elliot of The Mamas & the Papas was from Maryland, and began her singing career there. Another Maryland band similar to the Mamas and Papas, the Peppermint Rainbow, was discovered by Mama Cass and had a top forty hit with the song "Will you be staying after Sunday". Maryland-based band The Ravyns are also notable for having their song "Raised on the Radio" appear on the soundtrack to Fast Times at Ridgemont High. The Dundalk-based Chorus of the Chesapeake won international championships in 1961 and 1971.

Baltimore's hardcore punk scene has been overshadowed by DC's. Jule's Loft, was described by author Steven Blush as the "apex of the Baltimore (hardcore) scene" in 1983 and 1984. The 1980s also saw the development of a local new wave scene led by the bands Ebeneezer & the Bludgeons, Null Set, and Here Today (later Vigil (band)). Later in the decade, emo bands like Reptile House had some success and recorded with Ian MacKaye in DC.  Some early Baltimore punk musicians moved onto other local bands by the end of the 1990s, resulting in local mainstays Lungfish and Fascist Fascist, who became regionally prominent.  The Urbanite magazine has identified several major trends in local Baltimorean music, including the rise of psychedelic-folk singer-songwriters like Entrance and the house/hip hop dance fusion called Baltimore club, pioneered by DJs like Rod Lee. More recently, Baltimore's indie rock scene has produced performers like Cass McCombs and Mary Prankster.

Maryland has had a thriving doom metal scene since the early 1990s, and is now considered to have its own "Maryland doom" sound. This scene was started in the late 1970s with The Obsessed, a band led by Scott "Wino" Weinrich. During this time, Northern Virginia's Pentagram also had a heavy influence on the Maryland scene. After disbanding The Obsessed in the mid 80s and moving to California to sing with doom legends Saint Vitus, Wino reformed The Obsessed and signed to the German-based Hellhound Records. With The Obsessed on board, Hellhound began to sign other Maryland bands, such as Wretched, Iron Man, Unorthodox, Internal Void, and Revelation (who already had an album on Rise Above Records). After Hellhound's demise in the late 90s, many Maryland doom bands were picked up by various other labels, including Southern Lord Records. After The Obsessed second break up, Wino formed Spirit Caravan and The Hidden Hand. Other current Maryland doom bands include Earthride.

1980s metal band Kix are from Hagerstown. Death metal band Dying Fetus are from Upper Marlboro. Progressive metal band Periphery are from Bethesda.

Maryland has a thriving experimental music scene, based around Baltimore. The local scene is led by artists and groups such as Dan Deacon, Double Dagger and North Carolina imports Future Islands. Famed group Animal Collective had their beginnings in the suburbs surrounding Baltimore, and named their breakout 2009 album Merriweather Post Pavilion after the famed Pavilion in Columbia.


Nadolice Wielkie

Nadolice Wielkie  (German: Groß Nädlitz) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Czernica, within Wrocław County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. It lies approximately  north of Czernica and  east of the centrum regional capital Wrocław.

Name
The first mention of the village is in a Latin document from 1250 issued by Pope Innocent IV in Lyon, where the village was noted in the Latinized form of "Nadlic".

In the Latin book Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis (Polish Book of the Bureaucracy of the Wrocław Bishopric), written during the reign of Bishop Henryk z Wierzbnej in 1295-1305, the village is mentioned in the old-style Roman Catholic form Nadliczi.

In the years 1945-1948, the village was called Wysławice, and later changed its name several times.


Walter Scott Jr.

Walter Scott Jr. (born May 21, 1931) is an American civil engineer, philanthropist, and former CEO of Peter Kiewit Sons' Incorporated.

Education
He graduated from Colorado State University in 1953 with a bachelor's degree in civil engineering.

Career
Scott was first elected to the Peter Kiewit Sons' Incorporated board in 1964. In 1979, he was elected president. When Peter Kiewit died later that same year, Scott was selected to succeed him as chairman.

He sits on the board of Berkshire Hathaway, and is a childhood friend of Warren Buffett. He is also on the board of directors of Burlington Resources, Commonwealth Telephone Enterprises, Level 3 Communications Inc., MidAmerican Energy Holdings, RCN Corporation, Valmont Industries, and Peter Kiewit Sons' Inc, and is the chairman of the Open World Leadership Center at the Library of Congress. He is a director of the Joslyn Art Museum, Nebraska Game and Parks Foundation, and the Omaha Development Foundation. Nationally, he is a director of the Horatio Alger Association and the National Forest Association.

Scott is chairman of Level 3 Communications. The corporation is one of the firms created by the 1998 separation of the two operating divisions of Peter Kiewit Sons' Inc. Since the split-off, Scott now serves as chairman Emeritus of Peter Kiewit Sons', Inc.

Philanthropy
Scott consistently ranks among the wealthiest Americans.  With his wife, Suzanne, he founded the public, non-profit Suzanne and Walter Scott Foundation which has funded the Scott Atrium & Education Center at University of Nebraska Medical Center, the Scott Technology Center in Omaha, and The Summit: Bechtel Family National Scout Reserve.

In June 2010, when Warren Buffett appealed to him to join the Giving Pledge, he partially accepted, stating that after his death his remaining estate will go into his eponymous foundation.

In 2011 he committed $10 million to the construction of Engineering II, a $70 million,  building which will house interdisciplinary energy, environment and health programs at Colorado State University.

In November 2016 it was announced Scott would be donating $53.3 million to Colorado State University School of Engineering, CSU's largest ever gift, and that the College of Engineering at CSU will be renamed the Walter Scott Jr. College of Engineering, becoming the only named college of engineering in the state of Colorado.

Collector
In 1996 Scott acquired the original sales document of the Louisiana Purchase for his private collection.

Honors and awards
Scott was the 1997 recipient of the Horatio Alger Award.

He became an Eagle Scout in 1946 and is a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award.

Personal life
Scott's second wife Sue Scott had been a good friend of his first wife, Carolyn, who died in 1983, but did not know Walter. They married in 1987 at their place of worship, Countryside Community Church. Suzanne died in 2013.


Trainfest (Milwaukee)

Trainfest is a model railroad show that takes place annually in the Milwaukee suburb West Allis, Wisconsin. According to the show’s organizers, it is “America’s largest operating model railroad show” and markets itself towards both hobbyists and young families.

History
Trainfest started in 1971 as a one-day show in a Milwaukee Veterans of Foreign Wars hall. Today, Trainfest is a two-day event sponsored by the Wisconsin Southeastern (WISE) division of the National Model Railroad Association (NMRA) and takes over  of the Wisconsin Exposition Center during the second weekend of November. Despite a faltering economy, total attendance in 2008 rose to 21,621 from 20,979 in 2007.

Trainfest serves as both a showcase for trends in model railroading and a place where model railroaders can connect to share ideas about their hobby. Trainfest features at least 50 operating layouts from Z to G scale, some constructed by hobbyists and some constructed commercially. Over 60 manufacturers (including industry giants such as Walthers, Athearn, Bachmann Industries, Lionel, Atlas, Kalmbach, Märklin, and MTH Electric Trains) and 50 hobby dealers from across the country showcase their newest products and sample layouts.

Currently
In 2008, 12 historical groups also exhibited at Trainfest. Some exhibitors featured layouts depicting scenes from historical Wisconsin, including mining and logging, farm, and river and lake scenes.

In a 2008 West Allis Now feature story, executive director John Tews was quoted as saying, “Some people think Trainfest is just a collector’s event, but it’s an event for everyone.” One of Trainfest’ stated goals is “passing along the traditional hobby of model railroading to a new generation.” The festival offers free admission to youngsters under 14 (with a coupon available on its Web site). Some exhibits are aimed toward children, such as a layout built from LEGO blocks, a kid-sized circus train replica, and interactive racing features. Trainfest has also partnered with Radio Disney to offer a live show and craft booth for the children in attendance.


Hau Wong

Hau Wong or Hou Wang () is a title that can be translated as "Prince Marquis" or "Holy Marquis".  It is not any one person's name. Hau Wong refers usually to Yeung Leung-jit (), a loyal and courageous general. Despite his failing health, he remained in the army to protect the last emperor of Southern Song Dynasty when he took refuge southwards in Kowloon.

Temples in Hong Kong
There are several temples dedicated to Hau Wong in Hong Kong, including six temples in Yuen Long. These temples can be named Hau Wong Temple or Yeung Hau Temple (). The table provides a partial list of these temples.

Note 1: A territory-wide grade reassessment of historic buildings is ongoing. The grades listed in the table are based on this update (10 September 2013) unless otherwise stated. The temples with a "Not listed" status in the table below are not graded and do not appear in the list of historic buildings considered for grading.
Note 2: While most probably incomplete, this list is tentatively exhaustive.

Islands District

Sha Tin District

Wong Tai Sin District

Yuen Long District

Temples outside of Hong Kong


The Chardon Polka Band

The Chardon Polka Band is an American, Ohio-based, Cleveland-Style polka band.  It was started by Jake Kouwe in 2003 when he recruited four other teenagers to form a polka band at Chardon High School, and the group was originally called "The Chardon High School Polka Band" and included an accordion, trumpet, saxophone, clarinet, electric guitar, and tuba. The group got their start in the school's music room and played at local senior centers and nursing homes in the Chardon area.  Kouwe cites Weird Al Yankovic as his inspiration for playing the accordion as he started lessons on the accordion after seeing Yankovic in a VH1 special. The popular satirist remains a role model for The Chardon Polka Band.  The band had slowly gained notoriety among Polka fans and in the Cleveland music scene in general, but got mainstream attention when they were featured in a reality show named Polka Kings on Reelz in 2015, even though the show was quickly cancelled. The band currently plays over 200 shows a year and has grown to be one of the Cleveland music scene's most recognizable performers playing at a mixture of festivals, schools, nursing homes, and bars, but also tours nationally and headlines many of the nation's top folk festival and Oktoberfest celebrations, playing a mixture of original music, classic polkas, and covers of pop songs..  The band was also one of the founding members of the Cleveland revival of Dyngus Day. The band has released eight full-length albums, all independently, four of which were nominated for a Polka Hall of Fame award for either the album or one or more songs.

Band members
Jacob Kouwe - Lead vocals and Accordion
Emily Kouwe - Saxophone, flute
Mike Franklin - Lead and backup vocals, Banjo, and guitar
Joe Dahlhausen - drums
Mitch Lawrence - Saxophone
Seasonal Member
Michael Grkman - Upright Bass, Bass Guitar, Expert beard wearer

Past members
Paul Coates - Sousaphone/tuba, electric guitar
Paul "Pops" Magooch - drums

Awards and Media coverage
 The Polka Hall of Fame has nominated the band in 4 separate years, and the International Polka Association has nominated them in 2016.
 In 2011, the band's first single Free Beer Polka was nominated for best Best New Original Song.
 In 2013, A Fistful Of Polka & Bring Me More Beer were both nominated for Best New Original Song and the band was nominated for Band of the Year.
 In 2016, You Can't Drink Beer In Outer Space was nominated for Best New Original Song and the album World War Polka was nominated for recording of the year. and "You can't take my Polka from Me" was nominated for Song of the Year.
 In 2018, the album Old Time Tent Revival was nominated for recording of the year.
 The band created a pilot for a variety program called “Lights! Camera! Polka!” in 2017. The show is an assortment of performances, humor, and education.
 The band was the subject of a 16 episode reality show named Polka Kings on Reelz in 2015.
  The band has produced over a twenty music videos. A few of these videos: Squeeze Box, O Tannenbaum, The Krampus Song, and Jingle Bells were made in a clay animation style by superdaddytv.com, the latter three of which were included in a 30-minute Holiday Special.
 The band was featured nationally on Here and Now (NPR) in 2015.
 The band was on and episode of Trip Flip (Travel Channel) named "Ohio: Polka Plane Plunge" in 2015.
 Jacob Kouwe was named one of Cleveland's Most Interesting People 2015 due to the success of the band.

Discography
Pirates, Women, and Beer (2009)
A Fistful of Polka (2013)
This is Oktoberfest (Recorded Live at the Helen, Georgia Oktoberfest, 2014)
Polka Round the Christmas Tree (Christmas Album, 2015)
World War Polka (Released Dyngus Day, 2016)
Old Time Tent Revival (2017) (A collection of Hymns)
More of the Same… and Probably Worse (2017) (Live album)
Pony in the Backseat (2018) (Kids Album)


1987–88 Egyptian Premier League

The 1987–88 Egyptian Premier League is the 31 season of the Egyptian Premier League since its establishment in 1948. It was contested by one group of 12 teams.

League table


Thomas Dyke (Seaford MP)

Sir Thomas Dyke (10 December 1619 – 13 December 1669) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1660 to 1666.

Dyke was born at Ninfield, Sussex, the son of Thomas Dyke of Horsham, Waldron, Sussex. He was admitted at St John's College, Cambridge on 29 April 1635 aged 16. In 1636, he was admitted at  Inner Temple. He was knighted on 19 June 1641.

In 1660, Dyke was elected Member of Parliament for Seaford in the Convention Parliament. He was re-elected MP for Seaford in 1661 for the Cavalier Parliament and sat until his death at the age of 50 in 1669.


Bulbophyllum sarasinorum

Bulbophyllum sarasinorum is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum.


Thomas Gerald Pickavance

Thomas Gerald Pickavance  (19 October 1915 – 12 November 1991) was a British nuclear physicist who was a leading authority on the design and use of particle accelerators. He was generally known as Gerry Pickavance.

Life and career
He was born in St Helens, Lancashire, the son of estate agent William Pickavance and his wife Ethel and was educated at the University of Liverpool.

He worked on the development of the University of Liverpool cyclotron and carried out research with it on the Tube Alloys project during the Second World War. He was later responsible for the construction of the Harwell cyclotron and became leader of the Accelerator Group.

During his time at Harwell he led research into new accelerators, which led to the installation in 1957 of the 50 MeV proton linear accelerator and the 8 GeV Nimrod Proton Synchrotron at the new Rutherford High Energy Laboratory, of which he was appointed the first Director. He was later Director of the Nuclear Physics Division of the Science Research Council and Chairman of the European Committee on Future Accelerators.

In 1965 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire and in 1976 elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 1979 he was awarded the Glazebrook Medal by the Institute of Physics.

He died in 1991. He had married Alice Boulton and had two sons and a daughter.


Fyodorovsky

Fyodorovsky (masculine), Fyodorovskaya (feminine), or Fyodorovskoye (neuter), may refer to:
Fyodor Fedorovsky (1883-1955), Soviet stage designer
Fyodorovsky District, name of several districts in Russia
Fyodorovsky (inhabited locality) (Fyodorovskaya, Fyodorovskoye), name of several inhabited localities in Russia


More Than Just a Dream

More Than Just a Dream is the second studio album by American band Fitz and The Tantrums, released on May 7, 2013, by Elektra Records. The album was produced by Tony Hoffer (Beck, M83, Depeche Mode, Phoenix) at The Sound Factory in Los Angeles. The title comes from a line of the chorus from the group's lead single "Out of My League". Their song also featured as soundtrack in EA Sports game, FIFA 13 with "Spark".

The album is their first release for Elektra Records. The band signed with the label's current president Jeff Castelaz, who initially signed the band to their original deal at Dangerbird Records, which Castelaz co-founded in 2004.

Critical reception

More Than Just a Dream has received generally positive reception by the music critics. At Metacritic, they assign a "weighted average" score to ratings and reviews from selected mainstream critics, and the album has a Metascore of 64/100, based on 12 reviews.

AllMusic's Matt Collar found this to be "an even more infectious, club-ready album" than its predecessor, and at the same time "still retaining all of the band's organic soulfulness." At Paste, Ryan Reed proclaimed that the album "is poised for prime time, a diabetic coma of sugar-rush pop." Beth Kellmurray of diffuser.fm told that "by diversifying their approach, Fitz creates a sound that doesn’t get dulled or play like a mere gimmick", and this is the reason she felt that the release "proves the group can find longevity in their eclectic sound." At Glide Magazine, Jeremy Lukens wrote that "it wouldn't be accurate to label More Than Just a Dream a fun but hollow party album, though." Bryan Bierman of The A.V. Club alluded to how the album "is a leap for the band sonically" that "still manages to be entertaining." At Los Angeles Times, Randall Roberts evoked that "there's a fine line between evolution and de-evolution, and which process Fitz and the Tantrums is experiencing on its sophomore effort", and this all relies "on what you liked about the L.A. band's breakout debut."

However, PopMatters' AJ Ramirez found that "it’s an album that’s hard to love, yet easy to like." At Rolling Stone, Jody Rosen told that "the pleasures of the songcraft don't quite compensate for dopey lyrics, the bland vocals of Fitz and co-lead singer Noelle Scaggs, and the relentless spazzing-out." Hal Horowitz of American Songwriter affirmed that "while there is no lack of energy in the performances, many songs seem forced and lack the organic groove that effective soul music demands." At Spin, Michaelangelo Matos felt that the album is "steps backwards [...] where its predecessor was shockingly felt, this settles for something more distant, theatrical, grandiose." The lone negative review came in from Alternative Press and Scott Heisel, and he criticized it with writing that "this is the most boring Hall & Oates record ever."

Track listing

Personnel

Fitz and The Tantrums
Michael Fitzpatrick – vocals, keyboards,  production, engineering
Noelle Scaggs – vocals, percussion
James King – saxophone, flute, guitar
Joseph Karnes – bass guitar
Jeremy Ruzumna – keyboards
John Wicks – drums, percussion

Production
Tony Hoffer – producer, guitar, programming, additional synths
Todd Burke – recording engineer, mixing
Neal Avron – mixing ("Fool's Gold")
Dave Cooley – mastering

Charts

Release history


Smak ciszy

Smak ciszy is the second studio album by the Polish heavy metal band Turbo. It was released in 1985 in Poland through Klub płytowy "Razem". The cover art was created by Jacek Brzosowski and photographs by Andrzej Szozda.

Smak ciszy is dedicated to Iron Maiden.

Track listing

Personnel

 Turbo
Grzegorz Kupczyk - vocal
Wojciech Hoffmann - guitar
Bogusz Rutkiewicz  - bass guitar
Andrzej Łysów - guitar
Alan Sors - drums

 Production
 Jacek Brzosowski - artwork
 Halina Jarczyk - engineer assistant
 Andrzej Szozda - photography
 Krzysztof Domaszczyński - producer
 Marek Wajcht - producer
 Jacek Mastykarz - recording
 Dodek Żywioł - technician

Release history


Dylan Wruck

Dylan Wruck (born September 23, 1992) is a Canadian-German professional ice hockey forward. Wruck is currently playing for Heilbronner Falken in the DEL2.

Playing career
Dylan Wruck was SMHAAAL leading scorer in 2008–09 while playing for the Beardy's Blackhawks, where he was named league's Most Valuable Player. While playing for Beardy's, he attended the Mac's Tournament and was a Mac's Tournament Allstar. Wruck participated in the 2009 U17 World Tournament in Port Alberni, BC, with Team West for the tournament he had 2 goals and 2 assists. Team West which placed fourth, losing to Team USA in the Bronze Medal game, also behind Team Ontario and Team Pacific who won Gold and Silver consecutively. Wruck named Player of the Game and of the Day against Slovakia in the 2009 U-17 World Tournament. Wruck also won a Saskatchewan Pee Wee Provincial AA Championship in 2003–04.

Wruck spent four years with the Edmonton Oil Kings of the WHL, seeing action in a total of 259 games, in which he tallied 87 goals and 169 assists. A consistent two-way player, he put up 80 plus points in each of his last three seasons with the Oil Kings and was a plus 83 during this time. His team was the best team in 2011–12 winning the Scotty Munro Memorial Trophy with 107 points for the year, during the regular season. Wruck was able to confirm his good performance from the previous year and scored 80 plus points. Wruck helped the Oilkings to win the 2011-2012 WHL Championship, the Ed Chynoweth Cup, and went on to the Memorial Cup. A year later, the Oil Kings again reached the finals, but they lost to the Portland Winterhawks. In 2012–13, he won the Brad Hornung Award as the WHL Most Sportsmanlike Player of the Year. Wruck scored 104 points in 90 games in his last junior season with the Oil Kings.

In his second game as a professional, Wruck scored a hat trick during the 2013–14 season with ECHL's Ontario Reign, but his season was cut short by a shoulder injury. Wruck played only three games for the Ontario team in which he contributed 4 goals and 2 assists. On 16 January 2015, while playing for the Iserlohn Rooster of the DEL he recorded six points in the game against Düsseldorfer EG.

He took up an offer from the Iserlohn Roosters of the German elite league Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) in 2014 and had 14 goals as well as 23 assists in 51 games of the 2014–15 campaign. Which was tops for a rookie that year.  Wruck was named DEL Rookie of the Year in the 2013-14 Season. In March 2015, he put pen to paper on a new two-year deal with the Roosters. In October 2015, Wruck sustained a shoulder injury which kept him out for months. He spent parts of his rehab in his native Canada, before returning to Iserlohn. In the 2016–17 season, Wruck tallied eight goals and 16 assists in 52 DEL contests. He left Iserlohn after the conclusion of the season and inked a deal with fellow DEL side Kölner Haie on May 23, 2017.

After recording just 2 assists in 35 regular season games in the 2017–18 season, Wruck left Kölner Haie and agreed to a one-year contract with his third DEL club, the Straubing Tigers, on May 2, 2018. In the 2018–19 season, Wruck compiled just 10 points in 39 games for the Tigers before leaving as a free agent at the conclusion of the season.

On June 14, 2019, Wruck continued in Germany, securing a one-year contract with DEL2 club, Heilbronner Falken.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours


Abies forrestii

Abies forrestii is a species of conifer in the family Pinaceae. It is endemic to China. It was named after George Forrest (1873–1932) who discovered it in Yunnan. Its common names include Forrest's fir.

This species is variable in morphology, and there are several varieties. Some of these are treated as separate species. In general, it grows up to about 20 meters tall. The needles are 1.5 to 4 centimeters long and the purplish, brown, or black cones are 7 to 12 centimeters long.

Varieties include:
A. forrestii var. ferreana (syn. Abies chayuensis)
A. forrestii var. forrestii (syn. Abies chengii)
A. forrestii var. georgei – George's fir
A. forrestii var. smithii

This species grows in the mountains of southwestern China, sometimes at high altitudes. At lower elevations it grows in mixed forests with species such as Picea likiangensis, Larix potaninii, Tsuga dumosa, and Betula albosinensis. It is sometimes a dominant member of the canopy in rhododendron woodlands.

This tree is used for construction wood and pulp.


Stabilisation Unit

The Stabilisation Unit is an agency of the UK government, governed through the National Security Council. It aims to support fragile states and countries emerging from conflict, where close cooperation between international agencies, the military, and civilian personnel is essential.

The Stabilisation Unit, formed in 2007 from the Post-Conflict Reconstruction Unit, serves a similar function to and works closely with institutions such as the Stabilization and Reconstruction Task Force (Canada) and the Office of the Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization (United States).

Since 2015 the unit has been funded through the Conflict, Stability and Security Fund and governed through the National Security Council. Prior to 2015 it was it is jointly controlled by the FCO, the DFID, and the MOD.

Activities
The Stabilisation Unit's objectives are:
To prevent or contain violent conflict;
To protect people, key assets and institutions
To promote political processes which lead to greater stability.
Prepare for longer term development and address the causes of conflict.

Locations
The Stabilisation has provided advice, or assistance, for various places in crisis, including:
Afghanistan: The SU has helped with a variety of problems in Helmand province.
Democratic Republic of Congo: A stabilisation advisor has been with MONUC since 2008.
Haiti: Assisting prisons in Haiti after the earthquake
Iraq: The SU assisted the Provincial Reconstruction Team in Basra, and helped rebuild police capabilities.
Sudan: Helping with civil society engagement. Four consultants are in Darfur.
Kosovo, Moldova, Somalia, Yemen, and Pakistan: The SU helped build strategies for assisting these countries.

People
The SU recruits civil servants into the Civil Service Stabilisation Cadre (CSSC)

The SU also recruits civilians; the UK Civilian Stabilisation Group (CSG) was launched in February 2010. The SU maintains a flexible and diverse pool of civilian experts who can be deployed to assist other countries to help build peace & security.

External links
 Stabilisation Unit - United Kingdom