Panton Arms

The Panton Arms is a pub in Cambridge, U.K. that is often frequented by scientists from the Engineering and Chemistry Department of the University of Cambridge. It became more widely known in February 2010 when a group of scientists released the Panton Principles — a set of recommendations on how to license and label scientific data that have been made public — that they had drafted in the Panton Arms starting in June 2009.

The pub features a "white gingerbread building festooned with hanging baskets of petunias and nestled among rows of Victorian terraced houses" with back wrought iron gates. The atmosphere, service and the food at the pub have generated mixed reviews from online reviewers. It serves beer and there is adequate parking nearby. One reviewer described how it seemed "hidden in a residential area". It occupies the site of a former brewery.


Harry M. Rosenfeld

Harry M. Rosenfeld (born August 12, 1929) is an American newspaper editor who was the editor in charge of local news at The Washington Post during the Richard Mattingly murder case and the Watergate scandal. He oversaw the newspaper's coverage of Watergate and resisted efforts by the paper's national reporters to take over the story.  Though Post editor-in-chief Benjamin C. Bradlee gets most of the credit, managing editor Howard Simons and Rosenfeld worked most closely with reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein on developing the story. Rosenfeld published a memoir including an account of his work at the Post in 2013.

Life
Rosenfeld was born in Berlin but his Jewish family fled Nazi Germany when he was ten. The family settled in The Bronx, New York City and Rosenfeld learned to speak English devoid of a German accent.  After graduating from Syracuse University, Rosenfeld was hired as an editor at New York Herald-Tribune. When it ceased publication circa 1967, Rosenfeld went to the Post, originally serving as night foreign editor.

When Rosenfeld moved to the Metro desk, Bob Woodward, recently discharged from the United States Navy and with no journalism experience, applied for a job and accepted a two-week trial without pay in August 1970.  When the trial was up, Woodward had written seventeen stories, not one of which was deemed publishable. Rosenfeld told Woodward to get some experience elsewhere and come back in a year.  Woodward frequently scooped the Post at his new paper, the Montgomery County Sentinel, in the Washington suburbs, and kept phoning Rosenfeld for a job.  Rosenfeld hired him, right after Labor Day 1971.

Rosenfeld fought to keep Woodward and Bernstein on the Watergate story at the Metro desk instead of giving it to reporters at the National Desk. As noted by Roger Ebert in the 1976 Chicago Sun-Times: "The Watergate story started as a local story, not a national one, and it was a continuing thorn in the side of the Post's prestigious national staff as Woodward and Bernstein kept it as their own."

Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham in her memoirs describes him as "an old-style, tough, picturesque editor, and another real hero of Watergate for us.  From the outset, he thought of the story as a very big local one, seeing it as something on which the Post's local staff could distinguish itself.  He controlled the story before it regularly made page one of the paper, keeping it going on the front page of the metro section." The Posts attention to detail and strict rules produced, in Rosenfeld words, "the longest-running newspaper stories with the least amount of errors that I have ever experienced or will ever experience."

Woodward and Bernstein in their 1974 account of the Watergate investigation, All the President's Men, wrote Rosenfeld was "like a football coach.  He prods his players . . . pleading, yelling, cajoling."

Rosenfeld insisted on publishing a story about John F. Kennedy's extramarital affair with Ben Bradlee’s sister-in-law, Mary Pinchot Meyer, then learned he was demoted in the Washington Star.

In 1978, Rosenfeld moved to Albany, New York and became editor of the Times Union and the now-defunct Knickerbocker News. He retired in 1996, becoming the Times Union'''s editor-at-large. Rosenfeld writes a weekly column for that paper which is published by other papers in the Hearst chain. He resides in Albany with his wife, Anne Hahn.

In the 1976 film All the President's Men, Rosenfeld was played by Jack Warden.

In 2013, Rosenfeld wrote From Kristallnacht to Watergate: Memoirs of a Newspaper Man, a memoir of his childhood in 1930s Berlin under Nazi rule and his career path from the New York Herald-Tribune to the Washington Post.

 Bibliography
Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward. All the President's Men. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1974. ()
Adrian Havill. Deep Truth: The Lives of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein.  New York:  Birch Lane Press, 1993.
Katharine Graham.  Personal History.  New York:  Alfred A. Knopf, 1997.  .
Rosenfeld, Harry. From Kristallnacht to Watergate: Memoirs of a Newspaper Man.'' Albany: State University of New York Press, 2013.


Polygamy in Mongolia

Polygamous marriages are not legally recognized in Mongolia. According to news.china.com, some Mongolian newspapers in 2005 discussed whether Mongolia should legalize polygamous unions. Proponents of such unions argued that the legislation would help reduce the imbalance of the male and female population.


William Meluish

William Meluish ( – 28 November 1888) was a New Zealand photographer and businessman from Bath, Somerset.

He died at home at Otago House, Dunedin, aged 65.


Chin Owlak

Chin Owlak (, also Romanized as Chīn Owl'ak) is a village in Kiyaras Rural District, in the Central District of Gotvand County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 6 families.


Baltimore Career Academy

Baltimore Career Academy is a public high school located in Baltimore, Maryland that offers both academic and skills training in an alternative learning environment.  The program integrates academic classes with occupational specific training for youth, ages 16–21. The school  also offers credit recovery and GED courses for those students who have completed high school credits in other schools.

Occupational training
Business technology
Human services
Landscaping
Information technology

Each student also receives "Next Step" assistance which includes job placement, college enrollment advanced skills training or military enlistment.


Massie Shale

The Massie Shale is a geologic formation in Ohio. It dates back to the Silurian.


Dmytro Korchynsky

Dmytro Oleksandrovych Korchynsky (; born 22 January 1964, Kiev) is a Ukrainian writer, poet, public figure and leader of Bratstvo ("Brotherhood"), a Ukrainian Orthodox rooted religious and political organization  in Ukraine. Korchynsky is the former leader of the ultra-nationalist UNA-UNSO party.

Politics
In 1987–1988 Korchynsky was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. In the fall of 1992 he ran for a seat in the Ukrainian parliament, but lost it placing fourth out of six in the 13th electoral district. Korchynsky ran again in 1994 and again lost it placing third out of 24 in the 2nd electoral district in city of Kiev (none were elected at all).

After being excluded from UNA-UNSO in 1997, Korchynsky became a media pundit and political analyst. He founded the Bratstvo Organization in 2002, which he claims has several hundred members in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Odessa and Chernihiv. Bratstvo was not officially registered until March 2004. Though the group describes itself as an Orthodox Christian organization, it is not affiliated with any of the three Orthodox churches operating in Ukraine. He has described his group in his self-published newsletter as the Orthodox Taliban, and on his website as a Christian Hezbollah Anton Shekhovtsov, a well-known specialist on far-right organizations spoke of Korchynsky as being “widely considered an agent provocateur, and his "Bratstvo" already took part in several actions that were meant to provoke police suppression of peaceful protests”.

During the 2002 Ukrainian parliamentary election Korchynsky ran again for parliament as a member of the All-Ukrainian Party of Workers. He placed eight out of 23 in the 220th electoral district.

On December 29, 2003 Bratstvo organized a street fight with Berkut near the Canadian Embassy in Kiev. Few days earlier on December 25, 2003, Ukrayinska Pravda received some correspondence (temnyk) from other journalists about intentions of the government to discredit opposition by connecting it to the problem with the arrested Ukrainian plane (Antonov An-124 Ruslan) in Canada. On March 31, 2004 members of Bratstvo poured glue and then water onto George Soros during the forum among human rights organizations in Kiev "Human rights at elections". In summer of 2004 in Kerch Bratstvo organized a strike at the Zaliv Shipbuilding yard, co-owner of which was David Zhvania, a member of Our Ukraine.

In the fall of 2004 Korchynsky participated in the presidential elections. After losing in the first round, Korchynsky supported another candidate Viktor Yanukovych. After Viktor Yushchenko was announced a winner, Korchynsky officially went in opposition.

In 2005 the Russian pro-Vladimir Putin youth organisation Nashi invited Korchynsky to a youth summer camp to teach "how to prevent public disturbances" and how to confront the threat of an Orange Revolution reprisal in Russia.

In 2013 during the Euromaidan protests, 300 members of the Bratstvo organization led by Korchynsky attacked the presidential administration building (of then president Viktor Yanukovych). He then became a fugitive on the international wanted list of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for his role in inciting riots during the Euromaidan-related 1 December 2013 Euromaidan riots. On January 2, 2013 during the program "Freedom of Speech" on ICTV, Serhiy Sobolev claimed that Korchynsky cooperates with Viktor Medvedchuk.

After the 2014 Ukrainian revolution Korchynsky returned to Ukraine and founded the St. Mary battalion to fight the East Ukraine separatists in the War in Donbass. These separatists have, according to independent experts, been armed and helped by regular soldiers from Russia. Russia has opened several criminal cases against Korchynsky on "terrorist" charges.

Personal
Korchynsky was born on January 22, 1964 in Kiev. In 1982 he finished a high school and enrolled in the Kiev Institute of Food Industry at the Department of Industrial Power Generation. After two years of study, he left the institute without finishing. Later Korchynsky participated in number of archaeological expeditions in the Southern Ukraine. In 1985-87 he served in the Soviet army. Korchynsky was in the 24th Iron Division of the Carpathian Military District as a commander of BMP-2. After demobilization he was dismissed in reserves as an assistant to a platoon leader.

In 1987, Korchynsky enrolled in the Kiev University, but left later that year.

Under his leadership, UNSO took part in several armed conflicts on the territory of the former Soviet Union, including Transdniester, Abkhazia and Chechnya. In 1992 as a volunteer he left for Transnistria. In 1996 Korchynsky participated in the Chechen war. Next year he was completely ousted from the nationalist movement in Ukraine.

He is the President of the Institute of Regional Politics and Modern Political Science.

He is an author of a poem collection "Philosophy of distemper" (2002), an author of the following books: "War in the crowd" (1998), "This and It" (2002) and "Revolution haute couture" (2004). His books are banned in Russia based on its law on extremism.

In the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election Korchynsky's wife Oksana placed 24th on the (nationwide) party list of Radical Party and she was elected into the Ukrainian parliament.


Amino acid N-carboxyanhydride

Amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides, also called Leuchs' anhydrides, are reactive derivatives of amino acids.  They are classified as N-carboxyanhydrides or NCAs.  Typically these compounds are derived from amino acids by treatment with triphosgene.  They are white solids, prone to polymerization upon treatment with nucleophiles.

Preparation
NCA's were first synthesized in 1906 by Hermann Leuchs by heating an N-ethoxycarbonyl or N-methoxycarbonyl amino acid chloride in a vacuum at 50-70 °C.

This synthesis of NCAs is sometimes called the . The relatively high temperatures necessary for this cyclization results in the decomposition of several NCAs. Of several improvements, one notable procedure involves treating an unprotected amino acid with phosgene or its trimer.

Use in peptide synthesis

NCAs are used for peptide synthesis. Additionally, peptide synthesis reactions with NCAs does not require protection of the amino acid functional groups.  NCA's are however highly reactive and their use can cogenerate many side products.  N-substituted NCAs, such as sulfenamide derivatives, solve some of these problems.

NCA's are precursors to amino acid homopolymers. Ephraim Katzir first used this method to synthesize poly-L-lysine from N-carbobenzyloxy-α-N-carboxy-L-lysine anhydride, followed by deprotection with phosphonium iodide.

NCAs in siRNA delivery platform synthesis
One major drawback of siRNA-based therapies is that they lack sufficient in-vivo delivery of siRNA into the target cells because of the large size and negative charge density of siRNA. Efficient transfer of siRNA to the liver has been achieved by lipid nanoparticles, polymer conjugates, and peptide conjugates. One of the major challenges of current methods of transfer is the nonbiodegradability of the vessel once it is inside the body. This challenge is solved by using biodegradable poly(amide) polymers derived from polymerization of NCAs.

Imine-NCA condensation
NCAs have been used for the synthesis of imidazolidinones, which are of interest in the pharmaceutical industry.


Japanese destroyer Sawakaze (1919)

The Japanese destroyer {{nihongo|Sawakaze|澤風| "Marsh Wind"}} was one of 15 s built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the late 1910s. The ship served as a plane guard and played a minor role in the Second Sino-Japanese War during the 1930s. She spent most of the Pacific War on escort duties in Japanese waters before she became an anti-submarine training ship in 1944. Sawakaze survived the war and was broken up for scrap in 1948.

Design and description
The Minekaze class was designed with higher speed and better seakeeping than the preceding s. The ships had an overall length of  and were  between perpendiculars. They had a beam of , and a mean draft of . The Minekaze-class ships displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. They were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by four Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were designed to produce , which would propel the ships at . The ships carried  of fuel oil which gave them a range of  at . Their crew consisted of 148 officers and crewmen.

The main armament of the Minekaze-class ships consisted of four  Type 3 guns in single mounts; one gun forward of the superstructure, one between the two funnels, one aft of the rear funnel, and the last gun atop the aft superstructure. The guns were numbered '1' to '4' from front to rear. The ships carried three above-water twin sets of  torpedo tubes; one mount was in the well deck between the forward superstructure and the forward gun and the other two were between the aft funnel and aft superstructure. They could also carry 20 mines as well as minesweeping gear.

Unlike her sister ships, Sawakaze was modified in 1939 to serve as an aircraft rescue ship. Two years later, all of her torpedo tubes were removed as were all of her guns except No. 1. They were replaced by 10 license-built  Type 96 light AA guns, four depth charge throwers, and 36 depth charges. During the summer of 1944, her light AA armament was augmented to between thirteen and twenty 25 mm guns and five  Type 93 anti-aircraft machineguns. In February 1945, No. 1 gun was moved to No. 4 mount and replaced by an experimental nine-barreled,  rocket launcher. The ship also received a Type 22 radar. By this time she was only capable of .

Construction and career
Sawakaze, built at the Mitsubishi shipyard at Nagasaki, was laid down on 7 January 1918, launched on 7 January 1919 and completed on 6 March 1920. On commissioning, Sawakaze was teamed with sister ships , , and  at the Sasebo Naval District to form Destroyer Division 2 under the Second Fleet.

From 1930–32, Destroyer Division 2 was reassigned to the 1st Air Fleet as part of the escort of the aircraft carrier  to assist in search and rescue operations for downed aircraft. At the time of the First Shanghai incident of 1932, Destroyer Division 2 was engaged in river patrol duties along the Yangzi River in China. From 1935 to December 1938, Sawakaze was assigned to the Tateyama Naval Air Base as a search and rescue craft, and was scheduled to be retired at the end of 1938; however with the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, the destroyer was kept on active status, and assigned to the Yokosuka Naval District. The ship remained based at Tateyama until March 1942.

Pacific War
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, Sawakaze was still based at Tateyama. The destroyer was reassigned to Yokosuka from March 1942 and assigned anti-submarine patrols of the entrance of Tokyo Bay for the duration of the war, making only an occasional convoy escort run along the coast of Japan to Muroran, Hokkaidō or Kobe. From December 1944, the ship was taken off of active combat status and assigned as a training ship for the Yokosuka Anti-submarine Warfare School. From May 1945, Sawakaze served as a target vessel for the 1st Tokko Air Corps suicide flights. Sawakaze was at Yokosuka at the time of the surrender of Japan. The destroyer was removed from the Navy List on 15 September 1945, and was subsequently broken up in 1947.

Notes


Rolonda Watts

Rolonda Watts (born July 12, 1959) is an American actress, producer, voice over artist, novelist, motivational speaker, and television and radio talk show host. She is best known for hosting the eponymous Rolonda, an internationally syndicated talk show which aired from 1994 to 1997. Watts was the on-camera announcer for Judge Joe Brown, which ended its run in 2013. She is currently the on-camera announcer for Divorce Court.

Biography

Early life and education
Watts's mother, Dr. Velma Gibson Watts, was an associate dean at Wake Forest University and her father, Roland Watts, was chairman of Winston-Salem State University's Fine Arts Department. Watts attended Salem Academy in Winston-Salem, North Carolina as a teenager. She is a graduate of Spelman College in Atlanta, where she was editor-in-chief of the school newspaper and graduated magna cum laude. In 1981, she earned a master's degree from Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.

Career
After graduating from Columbia, Watts returned to North Carolina and began her career as a general assignment reporter at WFMY-TV  in Greensboro, North Carolina. She later worked at WNBC, where she was nominated for an Emmy, and WABC-TV in New York as an anchor of a weekly political forum and reporter. In 1987, she began working as a host of Attitudes, a talk show on Lifetime Television. The next year, she took a job on the newsmagazine Inside Edition as a senior correspondent, weekend anchor and producer. King World Productions, the syndicator of Inside Edition and also The Oprah Winfrey Show, then asked her to start her own talk show. Rolonda aired for nearly four seasons from January 17, 1994 to September 1997. Watts was also supervising producer and one of the owners of the show. In a 2003 interview with Soap Opera Digest, Watts said she folded the show rather than lose her integrity. "Audiences were saying, 'Well, that was really nice of you to be so respectful, but where's Jerry [Springer]?' We had to make a tough decision, either we go that route or we find something else to do."

After leaving her talk show behind, Watts headed to Hollywood to pursue a career in acting. Her first break was in 1997 when she was cast as Vivica Shaw in Sister, Sister, a role she played for six episodes. Since then Watts has had guest starring roles in dozens of television shows, including The West Wing, JAG, The District Yes, Dear, and soap operas Days of Our Lives and The Bold and the Beautiful. In 2002, Soap Opera Digest named her "Scene Stealer of the Week" for her role as the cut-throat Attorney Cameron Reese on Days of our Lives. Watts is also the CEO/president of her own production company, Watts Works Productions, which co-produced her talk show Rolonda. In 2005, she hosted Lie Detector,  a reality series for PAX-TV. That same year, she took over as announcer on Judge Joe Brown. She also appeared on Live With Regis and Kelly where she traveled cross-country as a judge for the show's "Great American Co-Host Search."

In October 2006, Watts returned to her talk-show roots. She signed with GreenStone Media, a radio network launched by feminists Gloria Steinem and Jane Fonda, to host an afternoon radio show. She hosted the show until the network's closure in August 2007. Subsequently, Watts served as announcer for the game show Temptation, which ran from September 2007 to May 2008. As of 2011, Watts is the voice of Professor Wiseman in the PBS Kids animated program Curious George, as well as voicing "Gladys" in the Nickelodeon series The Penguins of Madagascar. Watts is currently shooting two films, with five others waiting for release, including her first starring role in A Mother's Love and leading roles in Christmas Mail, House Arrest, Soul Ties, Broken Roads and 25 Hill, a film written and produced by Corbin Bernsen. In the short film Return to Babylon, Watts portrays Josephine Baker; in Defying the Stars. she plays Hollywood legend Dorothy Dandridge. She recently played the role of Betsy Holiday in Tyler Perry's first animated film Madea's Tough Love.

In between the months of June and August of 2017, Rolonda begun her stand up career and was offered a radio show from CBS Radio entitled Sundays with Rolonda. Rolonda begun starting her own webseries entitled ROmance via YouTube; she also starred in Bounce TV's sitcom series, Mann & Wife as a choir director in a principal casting role.

Film

Television


Ippolito Aldobrandini

Ippolito Aldobrandini may refer to various members of the Aldobrandini family:

 Pope Clement VIII (1536–1605)
 Cardinal Ippolito Aldobrandini "junior", cardinal in the 1590s
 Ippolito Aldobrandini (cardinal) (1596–1638)


Sørlandsparken

Sørlandsparken is an industrial park in the municipality of Kristiansand in Vest-Agder county, Norway.  The park covers an area of about  and it has over 5,000 work positions.  The park area is located just off the European route E18 highway in the district of Tveit and it includes Norway's largest shopping mall, Sørlandssenteret as well as the Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement Park.

Sørlandssentert

Sørlandssenteret is the largest mall in Norway at over . It has over 165 stores.

Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement Park
Kristiansand Zoo and Amusement Park is Norway's largest zoo, it's also an amusement park and waterpark during the summer season.

Transportation
Local city buses goes four times in the hour from Kvadraturen and Flekkerøy through the park, to the zoo and then to IKEA.

E18 goes besides Sørlandsparken.


Oona Laurence

Oona Laurence (born August 1, 2002) is an American actress who is best known for originating the role of Matilda Wormwood in Matilda on Broadway alongside Bailey Ryon, Milly Shapiro, and Sophia Gennusa. She began her career as a New York City-based child actress, with credits in film, theatre, and television.

Career
After several appearances in regional theatre productions and minor roles in short films and television episodes, in 2012, Laurence auditioned for the new musical Matilda on Broadway. Laurence landed the role of Matilda, performing in the show from March 4 to December 15, 2013.

After Matilda, Laurence transitioned to film acting appearing in Tumorhead, A Little Game, The Grief of Others, I Smile Back, Damsel, Lamb, and Southpaw, portraying the daughter of Jake Gyllenhaal and Rachel McAdams' characters.

She has appeared on television in Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and Orange Is the New Black.

In 2015, Laurence co-starred opposite Jake Gyllenhaal and Rachel McAdams in Antoine Fuqua's Southpaw.  In 2016, she co-starred as Natalie in the film Pete's Dragon, and portrayed Jane Mitchell, the daughter of Mila Kunis' character Amy Mitchell, in Bad Moms.

In 2017, Laurence co-starred opposite Colin Farrell, Nicole Kidman, Kirsten Dunst, and Elle Fanning in Sofia Coppola's The Beguiled.

She is the voice of Hedgehog and additional characters in the Cartoon Network series Summer Camp Island. She also performs the theme song.

Personal life
Laurence lives in New York City and has two sisters, Aimée and Jeté, who are also actresses. The former debuted in the 2019 film adaptation of Donna Tartt's The Goldfinch and the latter appeared in the second adaptation of Stephen King's Pet Sematary.

Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Awards and nominations


Manufacture Modules Technologies

Manufacture Modules Technologies Sarl (MMT) is a Swiss company established in Geneva in 2015 which originally specialised in the development and commercialization of "Horological Smartwatch modules", firmware, apps and cloud. Located at Geneva's Skylab high-tech hub, it expanded into the development and manufacturing of "E-Straps" operated with a mobile application.

Philippe Fraboulet is the CEO.

History
In June 2015, Fullpower Technologies and Union Horlogère Suisse (Swiss Watchmakers Corporation) formed MMT as a joint venture, which then launched the MotionX Horological Smartwatch Open Platform for the Swiss watch industry. The initial licensees were Frederique Constant, Alpina and Mondaine, brands owned by Union Horlogère Suisse. Fullpower created and managed the circuit design, firmware, smartphone applications (including sleep activity), as well as the cloud Infrastructure. MMT managed the Swiss watch movement development and production as well as licensing and support.

In July 2016, Union Horlogere Holding and MMT were spun-out of the Frédérique Constant Group.

Fullpower Technologies' 19.99% share was acquired by Union Horlogere Holding BV, giving it 100% of MMT's shares.

Business
The company offers firmware, a cloud, manufacturing, service and over-the-air facilities for upgrades. The company also offers its own apps, which bear the label “Swiss Made software”.


Wells Fargo Center (Minneapolis)

The Wells Fargo Center (90 South 7th St), formerly known as Norwest Center, is the third-tallest building in Minneapolis, Minnesota, after the IDS Center and the Capella Tower. Completed in 1988, it is 774 feet (235.6 m) tall.  For many years, this was believed to be one foot shorter than Capella, but that structure actually had a different height (see the IDS Center article for details). Norwest Center was designed with a modernized art deco style by César Pelli, reflecting nearby structures such as the nearby CenturyLink Building and the Foshay Tower, which is several blocks away. It is also considered by many to be a homage to the Comcast Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza in New York City.

Wells Fargo Center sits on the site of the old Northwestern National Bank Building, which was destroyed in a fire in 1982. The original design called for a 45-story tower with a square footprint that would have been crowned the tallest building in Minneapolis; however, the site was halved in size, requiring the building's design to be changed to what it is today. Northwestern National, renamed Norwest Corporation, maintained its headquarters here. Despite Norwest's adoption of the Wells Fargo identity after acquiring the latter and moving to San Francisco in 1998, significant regional operations are still maintained in this building. Other major tenants include the law firm of Faegre Baker Daniels and the local office of accounting firm KPMG.

It is brilliantly lit at night from sunset through midnight, with floodlamps pointing up from the setback rooftops to illuminate the sides of the building. Despite this, it is still much more energy efficient than the previous building and in 2000, it was recognized by the United States Environmental Protection Agency as one of the 100 most energy efficient buildings in the USA. In 1989, the building was praised by the Urban Land Institute, who honored it with their Award for Excellence in Large Scale Office Development. It is located at 90 South 7th Street. Gaviidae Common, a neighboring shopping center, was also designed by Pelli and built at the same time.

A branch of the Wells Fargo History Museum is located in the skyway level. The museum's exhibits include an 1863 stagecoach, telegraph equipment, gold nuggets and coins.

The building is currently owned by Hines.

As of April of 2019, Starwood Capital Group acquired Wells Fargo Center for $314 million.  The sellers were Hines and Blackstone.


Duszna Górka

Duszna Górka  () is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Krotoszyn, within Krotoszyn County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately  east of Krotoszyn and  south-east of the regional capital Poznań.


Dick Selma

Richard Jay Selma (November 4, 1943 – August 29, 2001) was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1965 to 1974. He played for the New York Mets, Chicago Cubs, San Diego Padres, Philadelphia Phillies, California Angels, and Milwaukee Brewers during his 10-year major league career.

College and minor league career
Selma played college baseball at Fresno City College. After a year, Selma was signed as an amateur free agent by the Mets on May 28, 1963 and made his Major League debut two seasons later.

Major league career
In only his second career start, he threw a 10-inning shutout in a 1–0 victory against the Milwaukee Braves, accumulating 13 strikeouts in the process. The 13 strikeouts were at the time a Mets franchise record. He had two wins and one loss in four games that season, and spent the next two seasons with the Mets as a relief pitcher. During the 1968 season, Selma again became a starting pitcher and started 23 games, posting a 9–10 record with an ERA of 2.76. This, along with his 117 strikeouts, led the expansion San Diego Padres to draft him with the fifth pick in the 1968 expansion draft on October 14, 1968.

Selma was given the start for the Padres on opening day of the 1969 season. On April 8, 1969, Selma pitched a complete game and threw 12 strikeouts en route to a 2–1 victory, the Padres' first in franchise history. Selma ended up pitching only four games for the Padres, as they traded him to the Chicago Cubs on April 25, 1969 for Joe Niekro, Gary Ross, and Frankie Libran. It was during his time with the Cubs that Selma became known as a cheerleader for those sitting in Wrigley Field's bleachers. He finished his tenure with the Cubs with a 10–8 record, 161 strikeouts, and a 3.63 ERA. However, he had a 7–1 record before finishing 10–8, and partially as a result of this skid was traded. Selma was traded to the Philadelphia Phillies on November 17, 1969 with Oscar Gamble for a player to be named later (who became Larry Colton) and Johnny Callison.

The Phillies turned Selma into their closer for the 1970 season. He converted 22 saves in 73 appearances, and his 73 games pitched and 47 games finished were both second highest in the National League. He started 10 games in the 1972 season, but in his four seasons in Philadelphia, Selma was primarily used as a reliever. He was released by the Phillies on May 8, 1973, but was signed by the St. Louis Cardinals on May 21. He never appeared in a game for the Cardinals, and at the end of the season his contract was purchased by the California Angels. He played 18 games for the Angels during the 1974 season, his contract was purchased by the Milwaukee Brewers, whom he only played two games with. Selma was returned to the Angels after the two appearances, and did not appear in a major league game again.

After retiring from the game, Selma returned to Fresno and took a night job so that he could play and coach baseball in the area. He was an assistant coach at his alma mater and served as the pitching coach at Clovis High School. Selma died on August 29, 2001 in Clovis, California, as a result of liver cancer.


White-tailed deer

The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to North America, Central America, Ecuador, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia. It has also been introduced to New Zealand, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, the Bahamas, the Lesser Antilles, and some countries in Europe, such as the Czech Republic, Finland, Romania, Serbia, Germany, and France. In the Americas, it is the most widely distributed wild ungulate.

In North America, the species is widely distributed east of the Rocky Mountains as well as in southwestern Arizona and most of Mexico, aside from Lower California. It is mostly replaced by the black-tailed or mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) from that point west except for in mixed deciduous riparian corridors, river valley bottomlands, and lower foothills of the northern Rocky Mountain region from South Dakota west to eastern Washington and eastern Oregon and north to northeastern British Columbia and southern Yukon, including in the Montana Valley and Foothill grasslands. Texas is home to the most white-tailed deer of any U.S. state or Canadian province, with an estimated population of over four million. Notably high populations of white-tailed deer occur in the Edwards Plateau of Central Texas. Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, Illinois, Wisconsin, Maryland, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Indiana also boast high deer densities.

The conversion of land adjacent to the Canadian Rockies into agriculture use and partial clear-cutting of coniferous trees (resulting in widespread deciduous vegetation) has been favorable to the white-tailed deer and has pushed its distribution to as far north as Yukon. Populations of deer around the Great Lakes have also expanded their range northwards, due to conversion of land to agricultural uses favoring more deciduous vegetation, and local caribou and moose populations. The westernmost population of the species, known as the Columbian white-tailed deer, once was widespread in the mixed forests along the Willamette and Cowlitz River valleys of western Oregon and southwestern Washington, but today its numbers have been considerably reduced, and it is classified as near-threatened. This population is separated from other white-tailed deer populations.

Taxonomy

Some taxonomists have attempted to separate white-tailed deer into a host of subspecies, based largely on morphological differences. Genetic studies, however, suggest fewer subspecies within the animal's range, as compared to the 30 to 40 subspecies that some scientists have described in the last century. The Florida Key deer, O. v. clavium, and the Columbian white-tailed deer, O. v. leucurus, are both listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. In the United States, the Virginia white-tail, O. v. virginianus, is among the most widespread subspecies. The white-tailed deer species has tremendous genetic variation and is adaptable to several environments. Several local deer populations, especially in the southern states, are descended from white-tailed deer transplanted from various localities east of the Continental Divide. Some of these deer populations may have been from as far north as the Great Lakes region to as far west as Texas, yet are also quite at home in the Appalachian and Piedmont regions of the south. These deer, over time, have intermixed with the local indigenous deer (O. v. virginianus and/or O. v. macrourus) populations.

Central and South America have a complex number of white-tailed deer subspecies that range from Guatemala to as far south as Peru. This list of subspecies of deer is more exhaustive than the list of North American subspecies, and the number of subspecies is also questionable. However, the white-tailed deer populations in these areas are difficult to study, due to overhunting in many parts and a lack of protection. Some areas no longer carry deer, so assessing the genetic difference of these animals is difficult.

Subspecies

Some subspecies names, ordered alphabetically:

North America
O. v. acapulcensis – Acapulco white-tailed deer (southern Mexico)
O. v. borealis – northern white-tailed deer (the largest and darkest of the white-tailed deer)
O. v. carminis – Carmen Mountains white-tailed deer (Texas-Mexico border)
O. v. clavium – Key deer or Florida Keys white-tailed deer (the smallest North American subspecies, found in the lower Florida Keys; an example of insular dwarfism)
O. v. chiriquensis – Chiriqui white-tailed deer (Panama)
O. v. couesi – Coues' white-tailed deer, Arizona white-tailed deer, or fantail deer
O. v. dakotensis – Dakota white-tailed deer or northern plains white-tailed deer (most northerly distribution, rivals the northern white-tailed deer in size)
O. v. hiltonensis – Hilton Head Island white-tailed deer
O. v. idahoensis – white-tailed deer (western Canada, Idaho, eastern Washington)
O. v. leucurus – Columbian white-tailed deer (Oregon and western coastal area)
O. v. macrourus – Kansas white-tailed deer
O. v. mcilhennyi – Avery Island white-tailed deer
O. v. mexicanus – Mexican white-tailed deer (central Mexico)
O. v. miquihuanensis – Miquihuan white-tailed deer (central Mexico)
O. v. nelsoni – Chiapas white-tailed deer (southern Mexico and Guatemala)
O. v. nigribarbis – Blackbeard Island white-tailed deer
O. v. oaxacensis – Oaxaca white-tailed deer (southern Mexico)
O. v. ochrourus – northwestern white-tailed deer or northern Rocky Mountains white-tailed deer
O. v. osceola – Florida coastal white-tailed deer
O. v. rothschildi – Coiba Island white-tailed deer
O. v. seminolus – Florida white-tailed deer
O. v. sinaloae – Sinaloa white-tailed deer(midwestern Mexico)
O. v. taurinsulae – Bulls Island white-tailed deer (Bulls Island, South Carolina)
O. v. texanus – Texas white-tailed deer
O. v. thomasi – Mexican lowland white-tailed deer
O. v. toltecus – rain forest white-tailed deer (southern Mexico)
O. v. truei – Central American white-tailed deer (Costa Rica, Nicaragua and adjacent states)
O. v. venatorius – Hunting Island white-tailed deer (Hunting Island, South Carolina)
O. v. veraecrucis – northern Veracruz white-tailed deer
O. v. virginianus – Virginia white-tailed deer or southern white-tailed deer
O. v. yucatanensis – Yucatán white-tailed deer

South America
O. v. cariacou – (French Guiana and northern Brazil)
O. v. curassavicus – (Curaçao)
O. v. goudotii – (Colombia (Andes) and western Venezuela)
O. v. gymnotis – South American white-tailed deer (northern half of Venezuela, including Venezuela's Llanos region)
O. v. margaritae – (Margarita Island)
O. v. nemoralis – (Central America, round the Gulf of Mexico to Surinam in South America; further restricted from Honduras to Panama)
O. v. peruvianus – South American white-tailed deer or Andean white-tailed deer (most southerly distribution in Peru and possibly Bolivia)
O. v. tropicalis – Peru and Ecuador (possibly Colombia)
O. v. ustus – Ecuador (possibly southern Colombia and northern Peru)

Description

The deer's coat is a reddish-brown in the spring and summer and turns to a grey-brown throughout the fall and winter. The deer can be recognized by the characteristic white underside to its tail. It raises its tail when it is alarmed to warn the predator that it has been detected. A population of white-tailed deer in New York is entirely white (except for areas like their noses and toes)—not albino—in color. The former Seneca Army Depot in Romulus, New York, has the largest known concentration of white deer. An indication of a deer age is the length of the snout and the color of the coat, with older deer tending to have longer snouts and grayer coats. Strong conservation efforts have allowed white deer to thrive within the confines of the depot. White-tailed deer's horizontally slit pupils allow for good night vision and color vision during the day.

Size and weight

The white-tailed deer is highly variable in size, generally following Bergmann's rule that the average size is larger farther away from the Equator. North American male deer (also known as a buck) usually weigh , but mature bucks over  have been recorded in the northernmost reaches of their native range, specifically, Minnesota and Ontario. In 1926, Carl J. Lenander, Jr., took a white-tailed buck near Tofte, MN, that weighed  after it was field-dressed (internal organs and blood removed) and was estimated at  when alive. The female (doe) in North America usually weighs from . White-tailed deer from the tropics and the Florida Keys are markedly smaller-bodied than temperate populations, averaging , with an occasional adult female as small as . White-tailed deer from the Andes are larger than other tropical deer of this species, and have thick, slightly woolly looking fur. Length ranges from , including a tail of , and the shoulder height is . Including all races, the average summer weight of adult males is  and is  in adult females.

Deer have dichromatic (two-color) vision with blue and yellow primaries; humans normally have trichromatic vision. Thus, deer poorly distinguish the oranges and reds that stand out so well to humans. This makes it very convenient to use deer-hunter orange as a safety color on caps and clothing to avoid accidental shootings during hunting seasons.

Antlers

Males regrow their antlers every year. About one in 10,000 females also has antlers, although this is usually associated with freemartinism. Bucks without branching antlers are often termed "spikehorn", "spiked bucks", "spike bucks", or simply "spikes/spikers". The spikes can be quite long or very short. Length and branching of antlers are determined by nutrition, age, and genetics. Rack growth tends to be very important from late spring until about a month before velvet sheds. Healthy deer in some areas that are well-fed can have eight-point branching antlers as yearlings (1.5 years old). The number of points, the length, or thickness of the antlers is not a general indication of age because antler growth is dependent on the diet of the deer, particularly protein intake. Some say spiked-antler deer should be culled from the population to produce larger branching antler genetics (antler size does not indicate overall health), and some bucks' antlers never will be wall trophies. Good antler-growth nutritional needs (calcium) and good genetics combine to produce wall trophies in some of their range. Spiked bucks are different from "button bucks" or "nubbin' bucks", that are male fawns and are generally about six to nine months of age during their first winter. They have skin-covered nobs on their heads. They can have bony protrusions up to a half inch in length, but that is very rare, and they are not the same as spikes.

Antlers begin to grow in late spring, covered with a highly vascularised tissue known as velvet. Bucks either have a typical or atypical antler arrangement. Typical antlers are symmetrical and the points grow straight up off the main beam. Atypical antlers are asymmetrical and the points may project at any angle from the main beam. These descriptions are not the only limitations for typical and atypical antler arrangement. The Boone and Crockett or Pope and Young scoring systems also define relative degrees of typicality and atypicality by procedures to measure what proportion of the antlers is asymmetrical. Therefore, bucks with only slight asymmetry are scored as "typical". A buck's inside spread can be from 3 to 25 in (8–64 cm). Bucks shed their antlers when all females have been bred, from late December to February.

Ecology
White-tailed deer are generalists and can adapt to a wide variety of habitats. The largest deer occur in the temperate regions of North America. The northern white-tailed deer (O. v. borealis), Dakota white-tailed deer (O. v. dacotensis), and northwest white-tailed deer (O. v. ochrourus) are some of the largest animals, with large antlers. The smallest deer occur in the Florida Keys and in partially wooded lowlands in the neotropics.

Although most often thought of as forest animals depending on relatively small openings and edges, white-tailed deer can equally adapt themselves to life in more open prairie, savanna woodlands, and sage communities as in the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico. These savanna-adapted deer have relatively large antlers in proportion to their body size and large tails. Also, a noticeable difference exists in size between male and female deer of the savannas. The Texas white-tailed deer (O. v. texanus), of the prairies and oak savannas of Texas and parts of Mexico, are the largest savanna-adapted deer in the Southwest, with impressive antlers that might rival deer found in Canada and the northern United States. Populations of Arizona (O. v. couesi) and Carmen Mountains (O. v. carminis) white-tailed deer inhabit montane mixed oak and pine woodland communities. The Arizona and Carmen Mountains deer are smaller, but may also have impressive antlers, considering their size. The white-tailed deer of the Llanos region of Colombia and Venezuela (O. v. apurensis and O. v. gymnotis) have antler dimensions similar to the Arizona white-tailed deer.

In some western regions of North America, the white-tailed deer range overlaps with those of the mule deer. White-tail incursions in the Trans-Pecos region of Texas have resulted in some hybrids. In the extreme north of the range, their habitat is also used by moose in some areas. White-tailed deer may occur in areas that are also exploited by elk (wapiti) such as in mixed deciduous river valley bottomlands and formerly in the mixed deciduous forest of eastern United States. In places such as Glacier National Park in Montana and several national parks in the Columbian Mountains (Mount Revelstoke National Park) and Canadian Rocky Mountains, as well as in the Yukon Territory (Yoho National Park and Kootenay National Park), white-tailed deer are shy and more reclusive than the coexisting mule deer, elk, and moose.

Central American white-tailed deer prefer tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, seasonal mixed deciduous forests, savanna, and adjacent wetland habitats over dense tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests. South American subspecies of white-tailed deer live in two types of environments. The first type, similar to the Central American deer, consists of savannas, dry deciduous forests, and riparian corridors that cover much of Venezuela and eastern Colombia. The other type is the higher elevation mountain grassland/mixed forest ecozones in the Andes Mountains, from Venezuela to Peru. The Andean white-tailed deer seem to retain gray coats due to the colder weather at high altitudes, whereas the lowland savanna forms retain the reddish brown coats. South American white-tailed deer, like those in Central America, also generally avoid dense moist broadleaf forests.

Since the second half of the 19th century, white-tailed deer have been introduced to Europe. A population in the Brdy area remains stable today. In 1935, white-tailed deer were introduced to Finland. The introduction was successful, and the deer have recently begun spreading through northern Scandinavia and southern Karelia, competing with, and sometimes displacing, native species. The current population of some 30,000 deer originated from four animals provided by Finnish Americans from Minnesota.

Diet
White-tailed deer eat large amounts of food, commonly eating legumes and foraging on other plants, including shoots, leaves, cacti (in deserts), prairie forbs, and grasses. They also eat acorns, fruit, and corn. Their special stomachs allow them to eat some things humans cannot, such as mushrooms and poison ivy. Their diets vary by season according to availability of food sources. They also eat hay, grass, white clover, and other foods they can find in a farm yard. Though almost entirely herbivorous, white-tailed deer have been known to opportunistically feed on nesting songbirds, field mice, and birds trapped in mist nets, if the need arises. A grown deer can eat around  of vegetable matter annually. A foraging area around 20 deer per square mile can start to destroy the forest environment.

The white-tailed deer is a ruminant, which means it has a four-chambered stomach. Each chamber has a different and specific function that allows the deer to eat a variety of different foods, digesting it at a later time in a safe area of cover. The stomach hosts a complex set of microbes that change as the deer's diet changes through the seasons. If the microbes necessary for digestion of a particular food (e.g., hay) are absent, it will not be digested.

Predators
There are several natural predators of white-tailed deer with wolves (Gray, Eastern and Red species), cougars, American alligators, jaguars (in the American southwest, Mexico, and Central and South America) and humans being the most effective natural predators. Aside from humans, these predators frequently pick out easily caught young or infirm deer (which is believed to improve the genetic stock of a population), but can and do take healthy adults of any size. Bobcats, Canada lynx, bears, wolverines, and packs of coyotes usually prey mainly on fawns. Bears may sometimes attack adult deer, while lynxes, coyotes, and wolverines are most likely to take adult deer when the ungulates are weakened by harsh winter weather. Many scavengers rely on deer as carrion, including New World vultures, raptors, foxes, and corvids. Few wild predators can afford to be picky and any will readily consume deer as carrion. Records exist of American crows attempting to prey on white-tailed deer fawns by pecking around their face and eyes, though no accounts of success are given. Occasionally, both golden and bald eagles may capture deer fawns with their talons. In one case, a golden eagle was filmed in Illinois unsuccessfully trying to prey on a large mature white-tailed deer.

White-tailed deer typically respond to the presence of potential predators by breathing very heavily (also called blowing) and fleeing. When they blow, the sound alerts other deer in the area. As they run, the flash of their white tails warns other deer. This especially serves to warn fawns when their mother is alarmed. Most natural predators of white-tailed deer hunt by ambush, although canids may engage in an extended chase, hoping to exhaust the prey. Felids typically try to suffocate the deer by biting the throat. Cougars and jaguars will initially knock the deer off balance with their powerful forelegs, whereas the smaller bobcats and lynxes will jump astride the deer to deliver a killing bite. In the case of canids and wolverines, the predators bite at the limbs and flanks, hobbling the deer, until they can reach vital organs and kill it through loss of blood. Bears, which usually target fawns, often simply knock down the prey and then start eating it while it is still alive. Alligators snatch deer as they try to drink from or cross bodies of water, grabbing them with their powerful jaws and dragging them into the water to drown.

Most primary natural predators of white-tailed deer have been basically extirpated in eastern North America, with a very small number of reintroduced red wolves, which are nearly extinct, around North Carolina and a small remnant population of Florida panthers, a subspecies of the cougar. Gray wolves, the leading cause of deer mortality where they overlap, co-occur with whitetails in northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and parts of Canada. This almost certainly plays a factor in the overpopulation issues with this species. Coyotes, widespread and with a rapidly expanding population, are often the only major nonhuman predator of the species, besides an occasional domestic dog. In some areas, American black bears are also significant predators. In north-central Pennsylvania, black bears were found to be nearly as common predators of fawns as coyotes. Bobcats, still fairly widespread, usually only exploit deer as prey when smaller prey is scarce. Discussions have occurred regarding the possible reintroduction of gray wolves and cougars to sections of the eastern United States, largely because of the apparent controlling effect they have through deer predation on local ecosystems, as has been illustrated in the reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone National Park and their controlling effect on previously overpopulated elk. However, due to the heavy urban development in much of the East and fear for livestock and human lives, such ideas have ultimately been rejected by local communities and/or by government services and have not been carried through.

In areas where they are heavily hunted by humans, deer run almost immediately from people and are quite wary even where not heavily hunted. In most areas where hunting may occur deer seem to develop an acute sense of time and a fondness for metro parks and golf courses. This rather odd occurrence is best noted in Michigan, where in the lower peninsula around late August early September they begin to move out of less developed areas in favor of living near human settlements.

The deer of Virginia can run faster than their predators and have been recorded at speeds of  per hour; this ranks them amongst the fastest of all cervids, alongside the Eurasian roe deer. They can also jump  high and up to  in length. When shot at, the white-tailed deer will run at high speeds with its tail down. If frightened, the deer will hop in a zig-zag with its tail straight up. If the deer feels extremely threatened, however, it may charge the person or predator causing the threat, using its antlers or, if none are present, its head to fight off the threat.

Forest alteration
In certain parts of eastern North America, high deer densities have caused large reductions in plant biomass, including the density and heights of certain forest wildflowers, tree seedlings, and shrubs. Although they can be seen as a nuisance species, white tail deer also play an important role in biodiversity. At the same time, increases in browse-tolerant grasses and sedges and unpalatable ferns have often accompanied intensive deer herbivory. Changes to the structure of forest understories have, in turn, altered the composition and abundance of forest bird communities in some areas. Deer activity has also been shown to increase herbaceous plant diversity, particularly in disturbed areas, by reducing competitively dominant plants; and to increase the growth rates of important canopy trees, perhaps by increased nutrient inputs into the soil.

In northeastern hardwood forests, high-density deer populations affect plant succession, particularly following clear-cuts and patch cuts. In succession without deer, annual herbs and woody plants are followed by commercially valuable, shade-tolerant oak and maple. The shade-tolerant trees prevent the invasion of less commercial cherry and American beech, which are stronger nutrient competitors, but not as shade tolerant. Although deer eat shade-tolerant plants and acorns, this is not the only way deer can shift the balance in favor of nutrient competitors. Deer consuming earlier-succession plants allows in enough light for nutrient competitors to invade. Since slow-growing oaks need several decades to develop root systems sufficient to compete with faster-growing species, removal of the canopy prior to that point amplifies the effect of deer on succession. High-density deer populations possibly could browse eastern hemlock seedlings out of existence in northern hardwood forests; however, this scenario seems unlikely, given that deer browsing is not considered the critical factor preventing hemlock re-establishment at large scales.

Ecologists have also expressed concern over the facilitative effect high deer populations have on invasions of exotic plant species. In a study of eastern hemlock forests, browsing by white-tailed deer caused populations of three exotic plants to rise faster than they do in the areas which are absent of deer. Seedlings of the three invading species rose exponentially with deer density, while the most common native species fell exponentially with deer density, because deer were preferentially eating the native species. The effects of deer on the invasive and native plants were magnified in cases of canopy disturbance.

Methods for controlling deer populations
Several methods have been developed in attempts to curb the population of white-tailed deer, and these can be separated into lethal and nonlethal strategies. Most common in the U.S is the use of extended hunting as population control, as well as a way to provide natural meat for humans. In Maryland and many other states, a state agency sets regulations on bag limits and hunting in the area depending on the deer population levels assessed. Hunting seasons may fluctuate in duration, or restrictions may be set to affect how many deer or what type of deer can be hunted in certain regions. For the 2015–2016 white-tailed deer-hunting season, some areas only allow for the hunting of antlerless white-tailed deer. These would include young bucks and females, encouraging the culling of does which would otherwise contribute to increasing populations via offspring production.

More refined than public hunting is a method referred to as sharpshooting by the Deer Task Force in the city of Bloomington, Indiana. Sharpshooting can be an option when the area inhabited by the deer is unfit for public hunting. This strategy may work in areas close to human populations, since it is done by professional marksmen, and requires a submitted plan of action to the city with details on the time and location of the event, as well as number of deer to be culled.

Another controversial method involves trapping the deer in a net or other trap, and then administering a chemical euthanizing agent or extermination by firearm. A main issue in questioning the humaneness of this method is the stress that the deer endure while trapped and awaiting extermination.

Nonlethal methods include contraceptive injections, sterilization, and translocation of deer. While lethal methods have municipal support as being the most effective in the short term, some opponents to this view suggest no significant impacts of deer extermination on the populations occur. Opponents of contraceptive methods point out that fertility control cannot provide meat and proves ineffective over time as populations in open-field systems move about. Concerns are voiced that the contraceptives have not been adequately researched for the effect they could have on humans. Fertility control also does nothing to affect the current population and the effects their grazing may be having on the forest plant make-up.

Translocation has been considered overly costly for the little benefit it provides. Deer experience high stress and are at high risk of dying in the process, putting into question its humaneness. Another concern in using this method is the possible spread of chronic wasting disease found in the deer family and the lack of research on its effect on human populations.

Overpopulation of whitetail deer has become a real problem in the United States. From July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017, there were 1.34 million animal collisions with vehicles. This included whitetail, elk, moose, and caribou. This means that 1 out of every 162 drivers in the US had a collision with a large deer related animal. Because of the decline in numbers of natural predators such as wolves, cougars, bear, bobcat, and coyotes, and the ever rising opposition of anti-hunting groups, whitetail deer have not only become a nuisance, but they have become destructive and dangerous. There are thousands of people killed or hurt by whitetail collisions each year. The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) reported that the estimated loss in field crops, nuts, fruits, and vegetables in 2001 was near $765 million.

Whitetail deer seasons and the hunting industry provides over $500 million worth of revenue per year in the state of Tennessee alone.

Behavior

Males compete for the opportunity of breeding females. Sparring among males determines a dominance hierarchy. Bucks attempt to copulate with as many females as possible, losing physical condition, since they rarely eat or rest during the rut. The general geographical trend is for the rut to be shorter in duration at increased latitude. Many factors determine how intense the "rutting season" will be; air temperature is a major one. Any time the temperature rises above , the males do much less traveling looking for females, else they will be subject to overheating or dehydrating. Another factor for the strength in rutting activity is competition. If numerous males are in a particular area, then they compete more for the females. If fewer males or more females are present, then the selection process will not need to be as competitive.

Reproduction

Females enter estrus, colloquially called the rut, in the autumn, normally in late October or early November, triggered mainly by the declining photoperiod. Sexual maturation of females depends on population density, as well as availability of food. Young females often flee from an area heavily populated with males. Some does may be as young as six months when they reach sexual maturity, but the average age of maturity is 18 months. Copulation consists of a brief copulatory jump.

Females give birth to one to three spotted young, known as fawns, in mid- to late spring, generally in May or June. Fawns lose their spots during the first summer and weigh from 44 to 77 lb (20 to 35 kg) by the first winter. Male fawns tend to be slightly larger and heavier than females. For the first four weeks, fawns are hidden in vegetation by their mothers, who nurse them four to five times a day. This strategy keeps scent levels low to avoid predators. After about a month, the fawns are then able to follow their mothers on foraging trips. They are usually weaned after 8–10 weeks, but cases have been seen where mothers have continued to allow nursing long after the fawns have lost their spots (for several months, or until the end of fall) as seen by rehabilitators and other studies. Males leave their mothers after a year and females leave after two.

Bucks are generally sexually mature at 1.5 years old and begin to breed even in populations stacked with older bucks.

Communication

White-tailed deer have many forms of communication involving sounds, scent, body language, and marking. In addition to the aforementioned blowing in the presence of danger, all white-tailed deer are capable of producing audible noises unique to each animal. Fawns release a high-pitched squeal, known as a bleat, to call out to their mothers. This bleat deepens as the fawn grows until it becomes the grunt of the mature deer, a guttural sound that attracts the attention of any other deer in the area. A doe makes maternal grunts when searching for her bedded fawns. Bucks also grunt, at a pitch lower than that of the doe; this grunt deepens as the buck matures. In addition to grunting, both does and bucks also snort, a sound that often signals an imminent threat. Mature bucks also produce a grunt-snort-wheeze pattern, unique to each animal, that asserts its dominance, aggression, and hostility. Another way white-tailed deer communicate is through the use of their white tail. When spooked, it will raise its tail to warn the other deer in the immediate area.

Marking
White-tailed deer possess many glands that allow them to produce scents, some of which are so potent they can be detected by the human nose. Four major glands are the preorbital, forehead, tarsal, and metatarsal glands. Secretions from the preorbital glands (in front of the eye) were thought to be rubbed on tree branches, but research suggests this is not so. Scent from the forehead or sudoriferous glands (found on the head, between the antlers and eyes) is used to deposit scent on branches that overhang "scrapes" (areas scraped by the deer's front hooves prior to rub-urination). The tarsal glands are found on the upper inside of the hock (middle joint) on each hind leg. Scent is deposited from these glands when deer walk through and rub against vegetation. These scrapes are used by bucks as a sort of "sign-post" by which bucks know which other bucks are in the area, and to let does know a buck is regularly passing through the area—for breeding purposes. The scent from the metatarsal glands, found on the outside of each hind leg, between the ankle and hooves, may be used as an alarm scent. The scent from the interdigital glands, which are located between the hooves of each foot, emit a yellow waxy substance with an offensive odor. Deer can be seen stomping their hooves if they sense danger through sight, sound, or smell; this action leaves an excessive amount of odor for the purpose of warning other deer of possible danger.

Throughout the year, deer rub-urinate, a process during which a deer squats while urinating so urine will run down the insides of the deer's legs, over the tarsal glands, and onto the hair covering these glands. Bucks rub-urinate more frequently during the breeding season. Secretions from the tarsal gland mix with the urine and bacteria to produce a strong-smelling odor. During the breeding season, does release hormones and pheromones that tell bucks a doe is in heat and able to breed. Bucks also rub trees and shrubs with their antlers and heads during the breeding season, possibly transferring scent from the forehead glands to the tree, leaving a scent other deer can detect.

Sign-post marking (scrapes and rubs) is a very obvious way white-tailed deer communicate. Although bucks do most of the marking, does visit these locations often. To make a rub, a buck uses his antlers to strip the bark off small-diameter trees, helping to mark his territory and polish his antlers. To mark areas they regularly pass through, bucks make scrapes. Often occurring in patterns known as scrape lines, scrapes are areas where a buck has used his front hooves to expose bare earth. They often rub-urinate into these scrapes, which are often found under twigs that have been marked with scent from the forehead glands.

Human interactions

By the early 20th century, commercial exploitation and unregulated hunting had severely depressed deer populations in much of their range. For example, by about 1930, the U.S. population was thought to number about 300,000. After an outcry by hunters and other conservation ecologists, commercial exploitation of deer became illegal and conservation programs along with regulated hunting were introduced. In 2005, estimates put the deer population in the United States at around 30 million. Conservation practices have proved so successful, in parts of their range, the white-tailed deer populations currently far exceed their cultural carrying capacity and the animal may be considered a nuisance. A reduction in natural predators (which normally cull young, sick, or infirm specimens) has undoubtedly contributed to locally abundant populations.

At high population densities, farmers can suffer economic damage by deer feeding on cash crops, especially in corn and orchards. It has become nearly impossible to grow some crops in some areas unless very burdensome deer-deterring measures are taken. Deer are excellent fence-jumpers, and their fear of motion and sounds meant to scare them away is soon dulled. Timber harvesting and forest clearance have historically resulted in increased deer population densities, which in turn have slowed the rate of reforestation following logging in some areas. High densities of deer can have severe impacts on native plants and animals in parks and natural areas; however, deer browsing can also promote plant and animal diversity in some areas. Deer can also cause substantial damage to landscape plants in suburban areas, leading to limited hunting or trapping to relocate or sterilize them. In parts of the Eastern US with high deer populations and fragmented woodlands, deer often wander into suburban and urban habitats that are less than ideal for the species.

Hunting
White-tailed deer have long been hunted as game, for pure sport and for their commodities. Venison, or deer meat, is a natural and nutritious form of animal protein that can be obtained through responsible and regulated deer hunting. In some areas where their populations are very high, they are considered a pest, and hunting is used as a method to control it. In 1884, one of the first hunts of white-tailed deer in Europe was conducted in Opočno and Dobříš (Brdy Mountains area), in what is now the Czech Republic.

Farming

In New Zealand, America, and Canada, white-tailed deer are kept as livestock, and are extensively as well as intensively farmed for their meat, antlers, and pelts.

Deer–vehicle collisions

Motor vehicle collisions with deer are a serious problem in many parts of the animal's range, especially at night and during rutting season, causing injuries and fatalities among both deer and humans. Vehicular damage can be substantial in some cases. In the United States, such collisions increased from 200,000 in 1980 to 500,000 in 1991. By 2009, the insurance industry estimated 2.4 million deer–vehicle collisions had occurred over the past two years, estimating damage cost to be over 7 billion dollars and 300 human deaths. Despite the alarming high rate of these accidents, the effect on deer density is still quite low. Vehicle collisions of deer were monitored for two years in Virginia, and the collective annual mortality did not surpass 20% of the estimated deer population.

Many techniques have been investigated to prevent road-side mortality. Fences or road under- or over- passes have been shown to decrease deer-vehicle collisions, but are expensive and difficult to implement on a large scale. Roadside habitat modifications could also successfully decrease the number of collisions along roadways. An essential procedure in understanding factors resulting in accidents is to quantify risks, which involves the driver's behavior in terms of safe speed and ability to observe the deer. They suggest reducing speed limits during the winter months when deer density is exceptionally high would likely reduce deer-vehicle collisions, but this may be an impractical solution.

Diseases
Another issue that exists with high deer density is the spreading of infectious diseases. Increased deer populations lead to increased transmission of tick-borne diseases, which pose a threat to human health, to livestock, and to other deer. Deer are the primary host and vector for the adult black-legged tick, which transmits the Lyme disease bacterium to humans. Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the country and is found in twelve states in Eastern America. In 2009, it affected more than 38,000 people. Furthermore, the incidence of Lyme disease seems to reflect deer density in the eastern United States, which suggests a strong correlation. White-tailed deer also serve as intermediate hosts for many diseases that infect humans through ticks, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Newer evidence suggests the white footed mouse is the most significant vector.

Cultural significance

In the U.S., the species is the state animal of Arkansas, Illinois, Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina, the wildlife symbol of Wisconsin, and game animal of Oklahoma. The profile of a white-tailed deer buck caps the coat of arms of Vermont and can be seen in the flag of Vermont and in stained glass at the Vermont State House. It is the national animal of Honduras and Costa Rica and the provincial animal of Canadian Saskatchewan and Finnish Pirkanmaa. It appears on the reverse side of the Costa Rican 1,000 colón note.

Climate change

Migration patterns
Climate change is affecting the white tailed deer by changing their migration patterns and increasing their population size. This species of deer is restricted from moving northward due to cold harsh winters. Consequently, as climate change warms up the Earth, these deer are allowed to migrate further north which will result in the populations of the white-tailed deer increasing. The predicted change in deer populations due to climate change were expected to increase by 40% between 1970 and 1980. Between 1980 and 2000 in a study by Dawe and Boutin, presence of white-tailed deer in Alberta, Canada was driven primarily by changes in the climate. Populations of white tailed deer have also moved anywhere from 50–250 km north of the eastern Alberta study site. Another study by Kennedy-Slaney, Bowman, Walpole, and Pond found that if our CO2 emissions remained the same, global warming resulting from the increased greenhouse gases in our atmosphere will allow white-tailed deer to survive further and further north by 2100. This study also showed that an increase in deer populations will affect populations of other species.

Food web
When species are introduced to foreign ecosystems, they could potentially wreak havoc on the existing food web. For example, when the deer moved north in Alberta, gray wolf populations increased. This butterfly effect was also demonstrated in Yellowstone National Park when the rivers changed because wolves were re-introduced to the ecosystem. It is also possible that the increasing white-tailed deer populations could result in them becoming an invasive species for various plants in Alberta, Canada.

Disease
However, there are also negative effects resulting from climate change. The species is vulnerable to diseases that are more prevalent in the summer. Insects carrying these diseases are usually killed during the first snowfall. However, as time goes on, they will be able to live longer than they used to meaning the deer are at higher risk of getting sick. It is possible that this will increase the deers’ mortality rate from disease. Examples of these diseases are hemorrhagic disease (HD), epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue viruses, which are transmitted by biting midges. The hotter summers, longer droughts, and more intense rains creates the perfect environment for the midges to thrive in. Ticks also thrive in warmer weather heat results in faster development in all of their life stages. 18 different species of tick infest white-tailed deer in the United States alone. Ticks are parasitic to white-tailed deer transmit diseases causing irritation, anemia, and infections.


Edmund Jeffreys

Admiral Edmund Frederick Jeffreys CVO (1 October 1846 – 19 March 1925) was a Royal Navy officer who became Senior Officer, Coast of Ireland Station.

Naval career
Jeffreys became commanding officer of the cruiser  in July 1888 and commanding officer of the battleship  in June 1893. He went on to be commanding officer of the Gunnery School  in November 1895, Director of Naval Ordnance at the Admiralty in August 1897 and Senior Officer, Coast of Ireland Station in February 1901. The Senior Officer was based at Queenstown, and had the port guard ship there as his flagship. He hoisted his flag in  on 13 October 1901, and transferred to  in late September 1902.

He retired in January 1904.


Shellrock Creek

Shellrock Creek is a river in Otsego County, New York. It converges with Cherry Valley Creek northeast of Middlefield.


The Line, the Cross and the Curve

The Line, the Cross and the Curve is a 1993 British musical short film directed by and starring singer Kate Bush, co-starring Miranda Richardson and choreographer Lindsay Kemp, who had served as dance mentor to Bush early in her career.

This short film is essentially an extended music video featuring songs from Bush's 1993 album, The Red Shoes, which in turn was inspired by the classic movie musical-fantasy The Red Shoes.

In this version of the tale, Bush plays a frustrated singer-dancer who is enticed by a mysterious woman (Richardson) into putting on a pair of magical ballet slippers. Once on her feet, the shoes start dancing on their own, and Bush's character (who is never referred to by name) must battle Richardson's character to free herself from the spell of the shoes. Her guide on this strange journey is played by Kemp.

The film was released direct-to-video in most areas and was only a modest success; Kate Bush later expressed her displeasure with the final product, calling it "a load of bollocks". Soon after its release, Bush effectively dropped out of the public eye until her eighth studio album, Aerial, was released in November 2005.

Two years after the UK release, due to late promotion in the US, the film was nominated for the Long Form Music Video at the 1996 Grammy Awards.

The film continues to be played in arthouse cinemas around the world, such as a screening at Hollywood Theatre in 2014 where the film was screened along with modern dance interpretations to Bush's music.

Song listing (as listed on video cover)
"Rubberband Girl" 4:33
"And So Is Love" 5:32
"The Red Shoes" 4:02
"Lily" 4:05
"The Red Shoes" (instrumental) 6:58
"Moments of Pleasure" 4:32
"Eat the Music" 5:07
"The Red Shoes" 3:57

All songs apart from "Lily" were also used as promotional videos for the corresponding singles from Bush's The Red Shoes album. The version used for "Eat the Music" had several differences from the film version, excising all footage featuring Richardson and of Bush's ballet shoe-clad feet running across the fruit-covered floor, while adding additional dancing and singing sequences featuring Bush and new footage featuring two male dancers sparring with watermelons on their heads and of Bush having a line of black make-up applied to her cheeks.

The "Rubberband Girl" and "Moments of Pleasure" clips were included on The Whole Story '94 video CD which also featured videos from the albums The Whole Story and The Sensual World.


Pineapple coral

Pineapple coral may refer to two different species of corals:

 Blastomussa merleti, found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean area
 Dichocoenia stokesii, found in the Caribbean Sea and the western Atlantic Ocean


Wilf Paish

Wilfred Henry Charles Paish MBE (29 July 1932 – 29 January 2010) was a British athletics coach.
He helped train athletes such as Olympic champion Tessa Sanderson, Mick Hill and Peter Elliott. Paish was chief coach for South Africa at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.

Personal and family life
Wilf married Margaret H. Norman in 1957 and they had two daughters Alison and Joanne. In 1999 his youngest daughter Joanne had his twin granddaughters Samantha and Kayleigh. His hobby was philately, and in the 1980s he was a well-known figure, as a part-time stamp dealer, at stamp fairs in the West Yorkshire area. He died after a long illness at the age of 77 on 29 January 2010.

In 2012 Wilf was recognised for all his hard work by England Athletics and inducted into the Athletics Hall Of Fame


The Bold Canadian

"The Bold Canadian" was a patriotic song for Canadians that originated during the War of 1812.  It celebrated the conquering of Detroit in Michigan Territory.

History
It is believed that "The Bold Canadian" was written by a private from the Third York Militia's First Flank Company named Cornelius Flummerfelt, who wrote the lines while marching in the Detroit campaign, or on the way back to York, Upper Canada.  The song was used to further increase the numbers of Canadian militia to fight during the war.

Although composed in late 1812, the first publication of the song was not until 1907, when the Niagara Historical Society printed part of the song in a pamphlet about Isaac Brock.  Until 1907, the song was passed down in oral traditions; therefore, different versions of the song came to be.  Full versions of the song were not published until 1927 when the Ontario Historical Society published two different versions of the song.  In 1960, a third version was published; all three varied, with different stanzas and order of stanzas.

Although unpublished, the song remained popular in Canada throughout the nineteenth century, while a comparable American song, "The Hunters of Kentucky", lost its popularity by the end of the Jacksonian Era.

Lyrics

Alternative lyrics
Source

Geoff Berner's "Come All Ye Bold Canadians (Song of the War of 1812)" lyrics
In 2011 Canadian folk-singer Geoff Berner recorded, "Come All Ye Bold Canadians (Song of the War of 1812)," as part of Henry Adam Svec's recording project.


Seth Neddermeyer

Seth Henry Neddermeyer (September 16, 1907 – January 29, 1988) was an American physicist who co-discovered the muon, and later championed the Implosion-type nuclear weapon while working on the Manhattan Project at the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II.

Early life
Seth Henry Neddermeyer was born in Richmond, Michigan, on September 16, 1907. He attended Olivet College, a small college that his mother, older sister, and uncle had also attended, for two years before his family moved to California. He transferred to Stanford University, from which received his Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) degree in 1929. His interest in physics was inspired by the work of Robert A. Millikan, and he enrolled in graduate school at California Institute of Technology (Caltech), where he wrote his 1935 Ph.D. thesis on "The absorption of high energy electrons", under the supervision of Carl D. Anderson. He confirmed the theory espoused by Niels Bohr for this process. He also noted large radiative energy losses of electrons in lead, in agreement with the theory propounded by Hans Bethe and Walter Heitler.

Neddermeyer contributed to the research which led to the 1932 discovery of the positron, for which Anderson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1936. That year, Neddermeyer and Anderson discovered the muon, using cloud chamber measurements of cosmic rays. Their discovery predated Hideki Yukawa's 1935 theory of mesons that postulated the particle as mediating the nuclear force. Anderson and Neddermeyer collaborated with Millikan in high altitude studies of cosmic rays, which confirmed Robert Oppenheimer's theory that the air showers produced in the atmosphere by cosmic rays contained electrons. They also obtained the first evidence that gamma rays can generate positrons.

Manhattan Project work

In early 1941, with World War II raging in Europe but the United States not yet a belligerent, Neddermeyer joined a team led by Charles C. Lauritsen and William A. Fowler at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and  then at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D.C., that worked on the photoelectric proximity fuze. After this work was successfully completed, Neddermeyer was recruited by Oppenheimer to work at the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory. Neddermeyer was an early advocate for the development of an implosion technique for assembling a critical mass in an atomic bomb. Although implosion was suggested by Richard Tolman as early as 1942, and discussed in the introductory lectures given to Los Alamos scientists by Robert Serber, Neddermeyer was one of the first to urge its full development.  Unable to find much initial enthusiasm for the concept among his fellow Los Alamos scientists, Neddermeyer presented the first substantial technical analysis of implosion in late April 1943. Oppenheimer considered this to be the beginning of implosion research at Los Alamos.

Though many remained unimpressed, Oppenheimer appointed Neddermeyer the head of a new group to test implosion. His group became the E-5 (Implosion) Group, which was part of Captain William S. Parsons' E Division. A gun-type nuclear weapon was the preferred method, but implosion research constituted a backup. Neddermeyer embarked on an intensive series of experiments testing cylindrical implosions. The result was a series of distorted shapes. Progress was made; Neddermeyer and a member of his team, Hugh Bradner, along with James L. Tuck from the British Mission, conceived the idea of explosive lenses, in which shaped charges are used to focus the force of an explosion. Nevertheless, seemingly unsolvable problems with shock wave uniformity brought progress on implosion to a crawl.

By September 1943, Neddermeyer's team had grown from five people to fifty. That month, John von Neumann came to Los Alamos at Oppenheimer's request. Von Neumann was impressed by the implosion concept and, working with Edward Teller, an old friend, made a series of suggestions. Von Neumann was able to create a sound mathematical model of implosion, enabling Neddermeyer to present a proposal for a greatly expanded research program. Edwin McMillan and Isidor Isaac Rabi recommended that George Kistiakowsky, who had a specialized knowledge in the precision use of explosives, be brought in to help the program. In February 1944, Kistiakowsky became Parsons' deputy for implosion.

In April 1944, tests on the first sample of plutonium that had been produced with neutrons in a nuclear reactor revealed that reactor-bred plutonium contained five times more plutonium-240 than that hitherto produced in a cyclotrons. This unwanted isotope that spontaneously decayed and produced neutrons promised to cause a predetonation without sufficiently quick critical mass assembly. It now became apparent that only implosion would work for practical plutonium bombs; a powerful enough gun could not be constructed small enough to be carried in an aircraft, and plutonium-240 was even more difficult to separate from plutonium-239 than the isotopes of uranium that were giving the rest of the Manhattan Project such difficulties. Plutonium was unusable unless implosion worked, but only plutonium could be produced in quantities that would allow regular production of atomic bombs. Thus, the implosion technique now suddenly stood as the key to production of nuclear weapons.

In mid-June 1944, a report from Kistiakowsky to Oppenheimer detailing dysfunctionality within the implosion team led to the ousting of Neddermeyer. He was replaced as the head of the E-5 Group by Kistiakowsky on June 15, 1944, but remained a technical adviser to the implosion program, with group leader status. Neddermeyer was said to have been much embittered by this episode. In Oppenheimer's August 1944 reorganization of the Los Alamos Laboratory, Neddermeyer's group was renamed X-1, with Norris Bradbury as group leader. The implosion method championed by Neddermeyer was used in the first atom bomb exploded (in the Trinity test), the Fat Man bomb dropped on Nagasaki, and almost all modern nuclear weapons. Kistiakowsky later insisted that "the real invention should be given full credit to [Seth] Neddermeyer" (sic).

Later years
In 1946, after World War II ended, Neddermeyer left Los Alamos to become an associate professor at the  University of Washington, where he would spend the rest of his career. In due course he became a full professor. He resumed his studies of cosmic rays using a cloud chamber and a new device that he invented to measure the speed of charged particles known as a "chronotron". He was particularly interested in the properties of the muon, and conducted experiments with muons at SLAC. He participated in the DUMAND Project, for which he helped design large-scale underwater neutrino detectors. Neddermeyer became interested in parapsychology, insisting, in spite of the skepticism of many colleagues, that it warranted proper scientific investigation. He retired in 1973, becoming a professor emeritus, but he continued his research activities for as long as his health permitted. He was afflicted with Parkinson's disease.

In 1982, he was presented with the Department of Energy's Enrico Fermi award. His citation read:

In later life, Neddermeyer was sometimes troubled by the nuclear weapons he had helped to invent. He told an interviewer in 1983:

Neddermeyer died in Seattle on  January 29, 1988,  from complications of Parkinson's disease.

Notes


Babbs (surname)

Babbs is an English surname and may refer to:

Ken Babbs (born 1939), American novelist, psychedelic leader and Merry Prankster of the 1960s
Tank (American singer) (born 1976), real name Durrell Babbs, American singer


Ranmoor

Ranmoor () is a suburb of the City of Sheffield, England. It is an affluent suburb in the Fulwood ward of the city. It mostly developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and it features a number of large houses that were built for the city's steel magnates, as well as, most notably, a large church, St John's. This church was opened 24 April 1879 but was almost entirely destroyed by fire on 2 January 1887. All that survived from the original church was the tower and spire, which still stands today. A new building was built and the church reopened on 9 September 1888; it is now a Grade II* listed building. A row of early 19th century buildings near the church includes the Bull's Head and Ranmoor Inn public houses.

Other notable buildings in the Ranmoor area were built for some of the well known industrialists of Sheffield. The Grade II listed Oakbrook was built by Flockton, Lee & Flockton c.1855 for Mark Firth, a steel magnate and philanthropist who founded Firth College, one of the institutions that eventually merged to establish the University of Sheffield. Oakbrook is now part of the Notre Dame Roman Catholic School. Ranmoor Hall was built in 1881 for William Wheatcroft Harrison, a cutlery manufacturer. The Croft was built in 1909 for James Neill, the tool manufacturer. The Grade II* Endcliffe Hall was completed in 1865; it was built for Sir John Brown by Flockton & Abbott. Thornbury was built in 1865 for Frederick Mappin, it is now a private hospital. The Grade II listed Riverdale House on Graham Road was built around 1860 and was lived in by the industrialist Charles Henry Firth and the businessman John George Graves.


Cameron (given name)

Cameron is a given name in the English language. It is
a popular unisex name in North America, Australia and the UK. Cameron is ranked as a top 50 name for boys in Scotland.

The name originates from the Scottish surname Cameron. In the Scottish Highlands the surname is thought to be derived from the Gaelic  or cam abhainn, meaning "crooked nose" or "crooked river" respectively; in the Scottish Lowlands the surname indicates that the original bearer lived in either Cameron near Edinburgh, Cameron in Lennox, or Cameron in Fife. Thus, the name in the Lowlands is of territorial origin, from one of the three places mentioned.

A variant spelling of the given name is Camron. Modern variants of the name are Kameron and Kamron, and a common female variant is Camryn. A shortened form of the given name Cameron is Cam.

People with the given name and variants

Male
Cameron Achord, American football coach
Cameron Alborzian (born 1967), British-Iranian therapist and model
Cameron M. Alexander (1932–2018), American Baptist church and community leader
Cameron Allan (1955–2013), Australian-born American composer and record producer
Cameron Ambridge (born 1978), Australian stuntman
Cameron Anderson (1857–1926), Canadian politician
Cameron Ansell (born 1992), Canadian voice actor
Cameron Argetsinger (1921–2001), American lawyer and auto racing executive
Cameron Artigliere (born 1990), German footballer
Cameron Artis-Payne (born 1990), American football player
Cameron Ayers (born 1991), American basketball player
Cameron Baerg (born 1972), Canadian rower
Cameron Bagg (born 1963), Canadian paranormal investigator
Cameron Bailey, Canadian film critic and festival programmer
Cameron Baird (1981–2013), Australian soldier
Cameron Bairstow (born 1990), Australian basketballer
Cameron Bancroft (disambiguation)
Cameron Barr, Australian rules football umpire
Cameron McVicar Batjer (1919–2011), American lawyer
Cameron Batson (born 1995), American football player
Cameron Bayly (born 1990), Australian cyclist
Cameron Beaubier (born 1992), American motorcycle racer
Cameron Beckman (born 1970), American golfer
Cameron Belford (born 1988), English footballer
Cameron Bell, New Zealand rugby coach
Cameron Bender (born 1974), American actor
Cameron Blades (born 1971), Australian rugby union player
Cameron Blair (born 1966), Australian rugby league player
Cameron Boardman (born 1970), Australian politician
Cameron Bolton (born 1990), Australian snowboarder
Cameron Borgas (born 1983), Australian cricketer
Cameron Borthwick-Jackson (born 1997), English footballer
Cameron Boyce (1999–2019), American actor
Cameron Boyce (born 1989), Australian cricketer
Cameron Boyd (born 1984), American actor
Cameron Boyle, Scottish rugby union player
Cameron Bradfield (born 1987), American football player
Cameron Brannagan (born 1996), English football player
Cameron Brate (born 1991), American football player
Cameron Brewer (born 1973), New Zealand politician
Cameron Bright (born 1993), Canadian actor
Cameron Britton (born 1986), American actor
Cameron Brodie (born 1988), Canadian ice hockey player
Cameron Brown, disambiguation
Cameron Bruce (born 1979), Australian Rules footballer
Cameron Bryce (born 1995), Scottish curler
Cameron Buchanan, disambiguation
Cameron Burgess (born 1995), Australian footballer
Cameron Burrell (born 1994), American sprinter
Cameron Carpenter (born 1981), American organist
Cameron Carr (disambiguation)
Cameron Carter-Vickers (born 1997), American footballer
Cameron Cartio (born 1978), Swedish singer of Persian origin
Cameron Chalmers (born 1997), British sprinter
Cameron Champ (born 1995), American golfer
Cameron Chism (born 1990), American football player
Cameron Ciraldo (born 1984), Australian rugby league coach
Cameron Clapp (born 1986), American athlete
Cameron Clark (disambiguation)
Cameron Clayton (born 1993), American drag queen, better known by his stage name Farrah Moan
Cameron Clear (born 1993), American football player
Cameron Cloke (born 1984), Australian rules footballer
Cameron Clyne (born 1968), Australian businessman
Cameron Cobbold, 1st Baron Cobbold (1904–1987), British banker
Cameron Coetzer (born 1995), South African badminton player
Cameron Cogburn (born 1986), American cyclist
Cameron Collins (born 1989), American football player
Cameron Colvin (born 1986), American football player
Cameron Coxe (born 1998), Welsh footballer
Cameron Crowe (born 1957), American writer and film director
Cameron Daddo (born 1965), Australian actor, musician and presenter
Cameron Dallas (born 1994), American film actor
Cameron Darkwah (born 1992), English footballer
Cameron Das (born 2000), American racing driver
Cameron Davidson (born 1955), American photographer
Cameron Davis (disambiguation)
Cameron Dawson (born 1995), English footballer
Cameron Dollar (born 1975), American basketball player and coach
Cameron Douglas (born 1978), American actor
Cameron Dye (born 1959), American actor
Cameron Edwards (born 1995), Australian footballer
Cameron Giles (born 1976), American rapper, best known by his stage name Cam'ron
Cameron Heyward (born 1989), American football player
Cameron Hunt (born 1994), American football player
Cameron Jerome (born 1986), English professional footballer
Cameron Jordan (born 1989), Defensive End for the American Football team the New Orleans Saints
Cameron Kasky (born 2000), Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting survivor and gun reform activist
Cameron Kerry (born 1950), American politician
Cameron Knowles (born 1982), New Zealand soccer player
Cameron Krutwig (born 1998), American basketball player
Cameron Ling (born 1981), Australian Rules footballer
Cameron Mackintosh (born 1946), British theatrical producer
Cameron Mathison (born 1969), Canadian-American actor
Cameron McEvoy (born 1994), Australian swimmer
Cameron McInnes (born 1994), Australian Rugby League player
Cameron Mitchell (1918–1994), American actor
Cameron Monaghan (born 1993), American actor
Cameron Mooney (born 1979), Australian Rules footballer
Cameron McNeish Scottish wilderness hiker, backpacker and mountain walker
Cameron A. Morrison (1869–1953), American politician
Cameron Murray (disambiguation), several people
Cameron Munster (born 1994), Australian rugby league player
Cameron "Cam" Neely (born 1965), Canadian professional hockey player, actor and General Manager of the Boston Bruins
Cameron "Cam" Newton, (born 1989), professional quarterback for the Carolina Panthers
Cameron Peck (born 1991), American amateur golfer
Cameron Richardson (born 1987), Australian rules footballer
Cameron Rokhsar, American dermatologist and laser surgeon
Cameron Sharp (born 1958), Scottish former sprinter
Cameron Smith (disambiguation), multiple people
Cameron Stout (born 1971), Scottish Big Brother UK contestant
Cameron Sutton (born 1995), American football player
Cameron "Cam" Talbot (born 1987), professional goalie for the Philadelphia Flyers
Cameron Jibril Thomaz (born 1987), American rapper known by the stage name Wiz Khalifa
Cameron Thompson (born 1960), Australian politician
Cameron Toshack (born 1970), Welsh footballer
Cam Ward (born 1984), professional goalie for the Carolina Hurricanes
Cameron Bethel Ware (1913–1999), Canadian Major General
Cameron Wood (born 1987), Australian rules footballer

Female
Cameron (wrestler) (born 1987), stage name of American wrestler Ariane Nicole Andrew
Camren Bicondova (born 1999), American actress and dancer
Cameron Castleberry (born 1995), American association footballer
Cameron Diaz (born 1972), American actress
Camryn Manheim (born 1961), American actress
Cameron Richardson (born 1979), American actress and model
Cameron Russell (born 1987), American fashion model

Fictional characters
Cameron Chase, a DC Comics character better known as Chase
Cameron Davenport, a character from Family Affairs
Cameron Davis (Days of Our Lives), a character from Days of Our Lives
Cameron Phillips, a character in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles
 Cameron Watanabe, the Green Samurai Ranger from Power Rangers: Ninja Storm
 Cameron Corduroy Wilkins, a character from Total Drama: Revenge of the Island


Solomon Enclave

Solomon Enclave is three historic homes located at Beverly Shores, Porter County, Indiana.  The three two-story, International Style flat-roofed dwellings were built in 1948.  They are rectangular in plan and are built into the sides of dunes.  The houses features cantilevered concrete decks that overlook Lake Michigan.

It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.