Jeff Burr

Jeff Burr (born 1963, in Aurora, Ohio) is an American film director, writer, and producer best known for his work in horror sequels, such as Stepfather II, The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III, Puppet Master 4 and 5, and Pumpkinhead II.

Early life

Jeff Burr was born in Aurora, Ohio, in 1963. He grew up in rural Dalton, Georgia, where he avidly read horror fanzines like Castle of Frankenstein, The Monster Times, and Famous Monsters, and eventually began making his own Super-8 films.

Burr attended the University of Southern California (USC) (with R. A. Mihailoff who played Leatherface in Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III). He and fellow director Kevin Meyer dropped out of USC after his third year to finish their American civil war drama Divided We Fall, which premiered in 1982 and won some acclaim at festivals around the world. Though Divided We Fall was a drama, Burr would spend most of his subsequent film career working in the Horror genre.

Career

For his second feature film, alternately titled From a Whisper to a Scream or The Offspring, Burr approach veteran Horror actor Vincent Price. Burr recalled in 2012,

 So, the producer and I got his address from a celebrity address service, and we went up to his door with the script and a bottle of wine in hand (Price was a noted wine connoisseur).  We came bearing gifts, and wouldn't you know… he opened the door himself when we knocked! It was a flurry of "Gee, Mr. Price, we're fans of your work…" and "we wrote this script," and he actually invited us inside.  He had every reason to ignore us, and even if it was on a polite level, he could have said, "Okay boys, contact my agent," but he was just so gracious. He invited us in, sat and talked with us for about 15 minutes, took the script, and that's how it all started.

After From a Whisper to a Scream premiered in 1987, Burr directed his first studio film, a sequel to the 1987 horror/thriller The Stepfather, entitled Stepfather II. The film was poorly received, and Burr balked at studio executives Bob and Harvey Weinstien's post-production re-shoots with another director. Still, Burr was subsequently contacted by New Line Cinema with an offer to direct the second sequel to Tobe Hooper's 1974 classic The Texas Chain Saw Massacre after the studio's first choices—including directors Jonathan Betuel and Peter Jackson—dropped out. Burr was hired only two weeks before shooting began, and consequently had little time to prepare and little creative control over the final product.  The resulting film, 1990's Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III encountered problems with the MPAA, requiring 11 different submissions before receiving an R Rating, which New Line required in order to effectively distribute the film. After test audiences responded positively to Ken Foree's character, the studio brought editor Michael Knue in to shoot a new ending which focused on the character. Burr, frustrated by the changes, asked that his name be removed from the final film, but was denied on the basis that film prints had already been struck which listed him as director.

Leatherface: The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III was not well received by critics, but nevertheless went on gross $5,765,562 on a $2,000,000 budget, making the studio a profit.

Burr would go on to direct sequels to Pumpkinhead and Puppet Master, among many others. Though most of his subsequent work has been in the horror genre (Night of the Scarecrow, Devil's Den), Burr has also worked in dramedy (Eddie Presley), Science-Fiction (Spoiler, The Boy with the X-Ray Eyes) and war films (Straight into Darkness).

Throughout his career, Burr has expressed frustration over studio interference, budget limitations, and other unfortunate circumstances, leading him to claim in an interview in 2012 that there were only three films which he considered to be his own: From a Whisper to a Scream, 1992's Eddie Presley, and 2004's Straight into Darkness. The others, he claimed, had, "decisions that were made, in my estimation, that weren't the best. So, those are the three I stand behind without a mountain of qualifications."

Filmography
Divided We Fall (1982)
From a Whisper to a Scream (1987)
Stepfather II (1989)
The Texas Chainsaw Massacre III (1990)
Eddie Presley (1992)
Puppet Master 4 (1993)
Puppet Master 5: The Final Chapter (1994)
Pumpkinhead II: Blood Wings (1994)
Night of the Scarecrow (1995)
American Hero (1997)
Johnny Mysto: Boy Wizard (1997)
The Werewolf Reborn! (1998)
Spoiler (1998)
The Boy with the X-Ray Eyes (1999)
Phantom Town (1999)
Straight Into Darkness (2004)
Frankenstein & the Werewolf Reborn! (2005)
Devil's Den (2006)
Mil Mascaras vs. the Aztec Mummy (2007)
The Telling (2009) (uncredited)
Luger of the Black Sun (2009)
Resurrection (2010)
Alien Tornado (2012)
Puppet Master: Blitzkrieg Massacre  (2018)


Frank Groves

Frank Groves (25 March 1873 – 3 June 1959) was an Australian politician.

He was born in Melbourne to brass moulder Edward Groves and Hannah Box. He attended state schools before becoming a Collingwood-based plumber. After the 1890s financial crash he was an itinerant worker in rural areas, before returning to Melbourne and plumbing, now based in Cheltenham. In 1901 he married Barbara Hettie Watkins, with whom he had five children. From 1910 to 1920 he served on Dandenong Shire Council (president 1911–12) and from 1920 to 1924 on Carrum Borough Council; he was first mayor of the latter from 1920 to 1921. In 1917 he was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly as the Nationalist member for Dandenong. He was a minister without portfolio from March to July 1924, and Minister of Railways, Electrical Undertakings and Labour from 1928 to 1929. In 1929 he lost his seat, but he regained it for the United Australia Party in 1932. He remained in parliament until his second defeat in 1937. Groves died in Mordialloc in 1959.


Strathmore Silverbacks

Strathmore Silverbacks are a Scottish rugby league team based in Forfar, Angus. They play in the Scottish National League. Their home ground is Inchmacoble Park.

History
The Silverbacks were formed in 2015 by former rugby league professional and Scotland A international David Vernon and Stuart Gray of Strathmore RFC. In their debut 2015 season under head coach Vernon they won the Edinburgh 9s and finished runner-up to champions Aberdeen Warriors, even beating the champs twice, including in their last game of the season 39-32. The following season saw them once again finish runner-up to the Warriors in the league and in the Grand Final played at Montrose they were beaten 32-48. In 2017 the Silverbacks were crowned Scottish Champions after a quality 32-30 victory over Edinburgh Eagles in Edinburgh, earning the right to represent Scotland in the 2018 Challenge Cup.

Internationals
Despite their short history the club has already produced some Scottish internationals. In September 2015 Murray Mitchell was called up to the Scotland U19s for their match against Cumbria. The following year in July three players Ewan Maguire, Jack Wilson and Darren Bell played in the Scotland U19s defeat to England U19s at Post Office Road, Featherstone. In 2017 Niall Hall was called up to the Scotland students train on squad in preparation for the end of season World Cup in Australia. in November 2017 Murray Mitchell, Niall Hall and Ali Olivier were selected for the Scotland Under 23 team for the Commonwealth 9s in February 2018.

Honours
 Edinburgh 9s (1): 2015
 Strathmore 9s Runners-Up (1): 2016
 Scotland 9s  (1): 2017
Scottish Cup Runners-Up (1): 2019
 Scottish Runners-Up (3): 2015, 2016, 2018
 Scottish Champions (2): 2017, 2019


Dialog Vizz

Dialog Vizz was a mobile virtual network operator service based in the United Kingdom. It was part of the Vizz Mobile group of ethnic focused MVNOs owned by QiComm. Dialog Vizz is focused on the Sri Lankan community in London.

As of January 2015, the joint venture seized its operation.


Shelton-Rich Farmstead

The Shelton-Rich Farmstead is a historic farm property in rural Franklin County, Arkansas.  The property consists of  of land, whose principal built feature is a farmhouse, along with a well, stone walls, and the Shelton family cemetery.  The farmhouse is a two-story log structure, finished in weatherboard, with two stone chimneys.  The house was built in stages, the earliest of which was c. 1880.  The house is one of the oldest surviving buildings in the county.

The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.


Myrtale (moth)

Myrtale  is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.  It is now considered a synonym of Platysenta.


Fernando Jarquin Pira

Fernando Jarquín Pira (Guatemala City, February 1, 1965) is a Guatemalan entrepreneur and leader in the pharmaceutical industry of Central America’s northern triangle (Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras). Jarquín is a shareholder of Agencia Farmacéutica Internacional, S.A. (AGEFINSA) and Iberfarma, S.A., two of the most important pharmaceutical distributors in Guatemala.

Early life
Fernando Jarquín is the son of Roberto Jarquín Richeme and Isabel Pira Arrivillaga. He spent his childhood between Guatemala City and the city of Técpan, Chimaltenango. His ancestors established themselves in Técpan at the end of the 19th century. In 1983, Jarquín graduated from high school at Marist School Liceo Guatemala, a private Catholic school located in Guatemala City.

Jarquín had an interest in business, so he studied international commerce and marketing at the Universidad Rafael Landívar. During his college years, Jarquín worked as a sales representative for several companies in the international commerce space. When he was 19 years old, in 1984, he started to work as a sales representative for Concorde Line, a shipping company.

Business career

Pharmaceutical industry
Jarquín began his post-college career in the pharmaceutical industry. He began by working for the Swiss company Sandoz-Wander (now known as Novartis Group) in 1987.

Due to his expertise in the industry, in 1995 Jarquín founded Agencia Farmacéutica Internacional, S.A. (AGEFINSA), a pharmaceutical distribution company that sells pharmaceutical products in Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras. AGEFINSA represents several of the largest European pharmaceutical laboratories.

In a news interview, he described AGEFINSA: "The company has a complete range of pharmaceutical products from recognized pharmaceutical companies worldwide. We also distribute “orphan” products, meaning products needed in the market but which lack a local representative. Thus, we cover a need to improve the quality of life of patients."

In 1996, Jarquín founded Iberfarma, S.A., his second pharmaceutical company, to distribute pharmaceutical products to private hospitals and drug stores, reaching a different market segment than the recently created AGEFINSA.

Dairy industry and byproducts
Jarquín’s dairy and byproducts businesses are centered around Productos Valparaíso, S.A., a company located in the territorial division of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, in a farm which runs under the name “Finca Valparaiso”; and the ranch FJ Chichavac, located in the Municipality of Tecpán, in the department of Chimaltenango. Productos Valparaíso produces Jersey cow milk, goat milk, and various types of yogurt and cheese.

Jarquín is also connected to MilkSource Genetics, a U.S. milk producer that sells its products in Wisconsin, Michigan and Missouri. He is also the co-owner of the cow “Musquie latola Martha”, a three time winner at the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, which takes place ever year in Toronto, Canada.

Wine industry
In 2002, Jarquín ventured into the wine import and distribution industry after he bought the company La Cofradía de los Vinos, a high end wine distributing company of brands such as Cousiño Macul (Chile), Luigi Bosca, Salentein and Pulenta (Argentina), and Pisco Cuatro Gallos (Peru).

The company serves the emerging Guatemalan wine market and is focused on high-level winery. It sells a few brands in supermarkets. The most exclusive brands of its portfolio are sold in Guatemala City’s top restaurants, and in certain places in the city of Antigua, Guatemala.

K´abel Business Center
In 2013, Jarquín opened the Centro de Convenciones K´abel (Kabel, S.A., commercial name “K´abel”), a business-oriented convention center that integrates meeting and conference rooms. Originally, the center hosted mostly medical institutions, physicians and pharmaceutical companies.

Due to the success of the business, in 2015 the company changed its commercial name to K’abel Business Center. Currently, the company services private companies of diverse sectors and industries, and business chambers such as the American Chamber of Commerce (AMCHAM).

The executive chef of K’abel Business Center is Diego Jarquin, a graduate from Le Cordon Bleu Peru.

Equine breeding
Jarquín also owns FJ Chichavac Ranch, which is a member of the National Association of Breeders and Owners of Peruvian Paso Horses (ANCPCPP).

The ranch is located in Tecpan, Chimaltenango, Guatemala. Jarquín has been acknowledged for his accomplishments in breeding and genetic development of stallions, especially from Peru. His horses have been prized many times in contests organized by the ANCPCPP.

Philanthropy
Jarquín and his company Productos Valparaíso, through their corporate social responsibility program, are helping school children from neighboring communities to continue with their education. The purpose behind the program is to develop future leaders who will help continue economic development in the region after they graduate.

In 2016, the company helped rebuild the Escuela Oficial Rural Mixta (Mixed Rural Official School), located in the Chuparral 1 Village, in the department of Chimaltenango. The school was destroyed eight years ago by the Agatha storm.


The Best of Baccara

The Best of Baccara is a compilation album by Spanish duo Baccara released by Sony-BMG UK's midprice sublabel Camden in 2005. This release includes sixteen of Baccara's hits and best-known songs from the era of the original formation (1977–1981), mainly focussing on their best-selling debut album Baccara, and finishing with two recent re-recordings dating from 1999 album Baccara 2000, by Mayte Mateos' formation of the duo.

In 2006, this compilation was to get an international re-release under the title The Very Best of Baccara with an alternate track listing.

Track listing

 "Yes Sir, I Can Boogie"  (Dostal - Soja)  - 4:35
 "Sorry, I'm a Lady"  (Dostal - Soja)  - 3:39
 "Parlez-Vous Français?" (English version) (Dostal - Soja - Zentner)  - 4:30
 "Can't Help Falling In Love" (Creatore - Peretti - Weiss) - 3:26
 "Koochie-Koo" (Dostal - Soja) - 4:04
 "Cara Mia" (Soja) - 2:53
 "Yummy, Yummy, Yummy"  (Levine - Resnick)  - 3:35
 "Gimme More"  (Soja - Zentner) - 3:50
 "Granada"  (Lara) - 4:17
 "Number One" (Dostal - Soja) - 2:37
 "Darling" (full length version)  (Dostal - Soja)  - 5:40
 "Ay, Ay Sailor"  (Dostal - Soja)  - 3:50
 "The Devil Sent You To Lorado"  (Dostal - Soja)  - 4:03
 "Feel Me" (Soja - Zentner) - 4:20
 "Adelita" (Traditional) - 2:27
 "Somewhere In Paradise"  (Sacher)  - 4:23
 "Hit Mix" ("Yes Sir I Can Boogie"/"Sorry I'm A Lady"/"Darling"/"The Devil Sent You To Lorado") (Soja - Dostal) - 5:38
 "Yes Sir I Can Boogie" (1999 karaoke version) (Soja - Dostal) - 3:30

Personnel
 Mayte Mateos - vocals
 María Mendiola - vocals, except tracks 17 & 18
 Cristina Sevilla - vocals tracks 17 & 18

Production
 Produced and arranged by Rolf Soja.
 Tracks 17 & 18 produced by Thorsten Brötzmann.

Track annotations
 Tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 & 14 from 1977 studio album Baccara.
 Track 3 from 1978: 7" single "Parlez-Vous Français? (English version)". Original French version appears on album Light My Fire.
 Tracks 7, 11 & 15  from 1978 studio album Light My Fire.
 Track 12 from 1979 studio album Colours.
 Track 13 & 16 from 1978 compilation The Hits Of Baccara.
 Track 17 taken from 1999 album Baccara 2000 by Baccara 2000 (Mayte Mateos' formation).
 Track 18 taken from 1999 CD-single "Yes Sir I Can Boogie '99" by Baccara 2000 (Mayte Mateos' formation).


Cotgrave

Cotgrave is a town and civil parish in the borough of Rushcliffe in Nottinghamshire, England, about 5 miles (8 km) south-east of the centre of Nottingham. The village sits at the edge of the South Nottinghamshire Wolds about 131 feet (40 metres) above sea level. Cotgrave's 2001 population of 7,373 people fell to 7,203 at the 2011 Census, even when Owthorpe was included.

Position

With an ancient heart that has largely escaped development, Cotgrave still has a village atmosphere despite its population. This is accented by its amenities and infrastructure, which have remained comparatively underdeveloped, even though large housing estates were built round the village in the 1960s for people working for the coalmine. It is sandwiched between the A52, A606 and A46. To the west are Tollerton and Nottingham Airport, which has facilities for private planes and flight instruction.

History
Cotgrave's origins may be in the Iron Age. A 6th-century Anglo-Saxon burial ground has been excavated at Mill Hill to the north of the old village. There was certainly a Saxon church a century before the Norman Conquest. The Roman Fosse Way passes a mile to the east, where it changes direction slightly. The A46 follows its course, and during improvements in 2012–13, excavations uncovered Ice Age flint tools. Evidence of an Iron Age settlement was also found at Owthorpe Junction, just to the east, and a 4,000-year-old Neolithic circular monument with eight Bronze Age burials emerged slightly further north at Stragglethorpe junction.

The place-name Cotgrave seems to contain an Old English personal name, Cotta,   +  grāf  (Old English), grove or copse..so 'Cotta's grove'.

The present substantial church, All Saints', dates from the 12th century, with several subsequent alterations and additions. An arson attack in 1996 caused considerable damage, but the church has since been fully restored at great expense. The church has a ring of eight bells, most made by Taylor's. A team of ringers practise regularly on Fridays and Sundays.

An outbreak of plague in 1637 killed 93 of a population of 500, including 46 children. All Saints' was used as a food store for the village during the outbreak. Money to pay for goods was disinfected as it was passed through a hollowed stone filled with vinegar to the men who had locked themselves away in the church. This stone is still in the church. On Scrimshire Lane, near the church, can be found an old wall, dubbed the "Thousand-Year Wall". It is riddled with small holes made by, and providing a home for a large group of solitary bees. Nearby, through a lych gate, is a graveyard that is, unusually, separated from the church by a road. There can be found there a pillar on three tiers commemorating those of the village lost in service during the world wars. The church has a stained glass window, by J.F. Gascoyne & Son of Nottingham, dedicated in 1920 as a war memorial. There is also a window on the north aisle, east of the north door, depicting the koepe towers and underground workings of Cotgrave Colliery, which was sunk in the 1960s and abandoned in the 1980s. The window was installed after the fire at the church in 1996.

Memorials
Cotgrave has a war memorial sited in the graveyard at Scrimshaw Lane to the west of All Saints. It commemorates the fallen of both world wars. The War Memorials Trust has helped towards the upkeep of this.
Twelve men from the First World War are listed above four from the Second World War on two metal panels on the east face of the memorial. The south face (presumably added at a later date as there was no room on the east face), names Walter Henstock, died 1920. An active British Legion group that includes nearby villages is marking the four-year centenary of the Great War by researching the men from the villages who gave their lives. Details of the Colston Bassett, Owthorpe and Cotgrave Great War Project, as far as they can be traced so far, appear on its website.

The surnames of those noted lost in the First World War are Lacey, Hind, Middleton, Herapath, Simpson, Henson, Hayes, Harrison, Marshall, Moulds, Carrington, Woolley, Henstock. Those from the Second World War; Cole, Pryor, Pepper, Phillips. The epitaph reads: "Be thou faithful into death and I will give you a crown of life."

The epitaph is often referred to as the Cotgrave Cross, as is the six-foot-high monument at the east end of the church. With later, partly ashlar construction parts from the 20th century and parts from the 16th, it is somewhat of a mystery, as it is thought of as ancient, yet does not appear on photographs or pictures prior to the early 20th century. The site is near an important old junction, but there is no surviving medieval stonework evident. There were for some time thoughts that the war memorial should be moved to that site and the Cross moved perhaps to the country park, but this was dismissed as costly.

There is a further memorial plaque, carved in oak, displayed to the right of the north door in All Saints' and a commemorative stained glass window to the east of the south aisle.

To the north at Cotgrave Place, near the golf course, there is a memorial to a Vickers Wellington bomber that crashed on 8 February 1941. The aircraft, from No. 12 Squadron, recently dispersed from RAF Station Binbrook to nearby RAF Station Tollerton, was on a gunnery training flight when the pilot encountered control problems. The aircraft hit an oak tree, just short of the still existing runway, next to where the golf club house now stands. A plaque nearby commemorates seven of the crew on board who were killed.

Notable people
In birth order:
William Upton (1804–1867), county cricketer for Nottinghamshire in 1827–28, was born and died in Cotgrave.
Elinor Mordaunt (1872–1942), writer and traveller, was born in Cotgrave.
Ernest Hayes (1898–1938), born in Gripps Cottage, Cotgrave, joined the Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry in 1916 and received the Military Medal three times for bravery on the Western Front (France) in 1918.
Frank Robinson (1932 – 4 July 2004) of Cotgrave travelled to Nottingham daily to play a child's five-note glockenspiel around Lister Gate. On his death he received hundreds of tributes from citizens.
Nathan Robertson (born 1977), Badminton player, was World Badminton Champion (2006), Olympic Silver Medallist (2004), and Commonwealth Games 2010 Mixed Doubles Silver Medallist. He grew up in Cotgrave and attended the village school.

Cotgrave Colliery

The town lies on the Grantham Canal, opened in 1797. Some exploration for coal had been attempted for a hundred years but none was discovered in the area until about 1950. Cotgrave Colliery was established in the early 1960s with large numbers of miners and their families being moved from other mining areas of England, especially the North East, to live on a large purpose-built housing estate. Initially, in 1962, around 500 experienced mining workers and their families, accepted the National Coal Board incentive of tied new houses complete with furnishings to move from the area of the recently closed Radford Mine on the north-west side of nearby Nottingham. This mine was near the site of what is now known as Bobber's Mill. Some four years later a similar scheme was introduced to attract miners from other worked-out mines in the North East of England, including Gateshead. According to residents, special meetings were arranged so that workers already established could understand, for safety reasons, the dialect, and vice versa, of the newcomers. The population of the village rose from about 700 to over 5,000 within a few years. A branch railway was extended from Nottingham over the River Trent past Radcliffe on Trent to service the colliery. The koepe towers at the pit head were considered very modern and distinctive compared with other pit-head winding gear towers. In a departure from traditional miners' working conditions, face workers had extensive modern changing and shower facilities, which meant they could leave as clean as they entered.

The local economy was devastated by the mine's closure in 1993–94, which caused much bitterness. Like most Nottinghamshire mines, Cotgrave had continued working through the National Union of Mineworkers-declared 1984–85 miners' strike. Many took the view that this allegiance to the then Conservative government was betrayed. On its closure, it was reported that the seams had millions of tons of coal reserves but these were of insufficient quality. Local residents, however, recount that the mine was shut because of geological faults, the encounter of a subterranean stream and subsequent flood problems, and the growing remoteness of the seam face from the shaft, which drastically increased the cost of bringing the coal to the surface. The shafts were filled with concrete on closure and all associated buildings demolished.

The local economy has improved considerably as Cotgrave is surrounded by an affluent area with low unemployment. Many of the mineworkers who hailed from the North East stayed in Cotgrave, built homes and raised families.

Amenities

There is a small shopping parade called the precinct, built at the same time as the large housing estates were developed, with a Co-op, a library, fish and chip shop, Chinese and kebab take-aways, other retailers, and a medical centre. The precinct is overdue for development and there are plans for this linked to the building of new homes on the nearby pit site.

The Church of England church is All Saints, on Plumtree Road. There is also has a Methodist chapel, dating from 1802 and a Roman Catholic church, (Our Lady of Grace). The Cross is a local booklet produced monthly by the Anglican church.

Near the parish church is a small Sainsbury's Local store, and adjacent to that, Grannie's Tea Rooms. The leisure centre has a large swimming pool, gymnasium and sports hall with playing fields. There are two allotment areas, off Burrhill and Forest Close.

There are two primary schools: Cotgrave Candleby Lane School and Cotgrave Church of England (Aided) Primary School. The latter first opened in 1720, and moved to the present building, built by Earl Manvers, in 1863.. Another school, Ash Lea School, is a day, community Special School for pupils between the ages of three and nineteen who experience complex learning difficulties.

Nearby is Cotgrave Futures, with Sure Start and meeting facilities. There are two pubs: the Manvers Arms, named after the Manvers family, which owned much of the land in the area, and the Rose and Crown towards the north of the village. A third pub, the Black Diamond, was built in the 1960s but closed in 2006, demolished and replaced with housing.

Community

Across the road from the leisure centre is Cotgrave Club. The Miners' Welfare Club was built in the early 1960s. An unremarkable building at first sight but of prodigious size, it boasts several bars, a garden, family and snooker rooms, entertainment suites with their own bars, and one of the largest fully equipped stages in the region. The main hall can seat several hundred and has two dedicated bars, a food bar and a gallery. The various rooms and hall are available for hire.

The club has a cricket and football team with grounds enough to field two football matches. There are changing rooms and pavilion facilities for home and visiting teams. The village also has an angling club. In 2012 the club hosted the Cotgrave Festival of Sports, a variety of sporting events through the last week in June, culminating in a finale day of presentations and entertainment. Involving all the schools and community, this was repeated in 2013–14 and is intended to continue annually.

At the end of 2011 the people of Cotgrave launched Cotgrave Community Website. This forum is paid for by the council but run by the council and local residents. Members are registered with their real names and checked on the electoral roll.

Country park

The extensive former mining area has been landscaped to form a country park. Here a long section of the Grantham Canal has been partially restored, including at least two locks. This is not presently navigable, but nearby road bridges have been removed. though in other areas of the Grantham Canal some bridges have been rebuilt to accommodate canal traffic. Plans to put the canal back to water were gradually taking shape, and as a brownfield site in a rural area, the old pit-head area would prove an ideal one for the building of a marina. This pit-head area is cordoned off from public and there are plans for redevelopment, on which (as of May 2010) there was to be public discussion. Plans to build around 470 houses on the site would impact the infrastructure and the ongoing development of the young country park.

Planted woodland is now beginning to mature and the country park is gradually acquiring a diverse population of wildlife. Wildfowl abound, with reports of cuckoos, warblers, swallows, little ringed plover, yellow wagtail, ring ouzel, wheatear, chiffchaff and dabchicks. Great crested newts are reported to be established in the lake, and hares, rabbits, foxes, bats and owls are present. The lake, pictured, is well stocked and used by anglers regularly. Fishing platforms have been built around the lake and reed beds established to protect the breeding waterfowl, including a variety of ducks, coots, swans and heron.

The park has a picnic area, easily accessible car parks, a gallop for horse riders and a well-marked nature trail. This features woodland, lake and canal side walks, as well as taking a route along the old railway track, where a short portion of the original rails and sleepers have been left in place. A group called Friends of Cotgrave Country Park works to maintain and improve the facilities at the park, and meets regularly in Cotgrave. Details of how to become involved can be found on the Rushcliffe Council website. The group in 2010–12 helped to plan and build a swimming pool for dogs, away from the vulnerable wildlife in the country park's lake.


Morris Minor

The Morris Minor is a British car that made its debut at the Earls Court Motor Show, London, on 20 September 1948. Designed under the leadership of Alec Issigonis, more than 1.6 million were manufactured between 1948 and 1972 in three series: the MM (1948 to 1953), the Series II (1952 to 1956), and the 1000 series (1956 to 1971).

Initially available as a two-door saloon and tourer (convertible), the range was expanded to include a four-door saloon in 1950, a wood-framed estate car (the Traveller) from October 1953 and panel van and pick-up truck variants from May 1953. It was the first British car to sell over a million units and is considered a classic example of automotive design, as well as typifying "Englishness".

Development

Origins
The Minor was conceived in 1941. Although the Nuffield Organization was heavily involved in war work and a governmental ban existed on civilian car production, Morris Motors' vice chairman, Miles Thomas, wanted to prepare the ground for new products to be launched as soon as the war was over. Vic Oak, the company's chief engineer, had already brought to Thomas' attention a promising junior engineer, Alec Issigonis, who had been employed at Morris since 1935 and specialised in suspension design, but he had frequently impressed Oak with his advanced ideas about car design in general. Issigonis had come to Oak's particular attention with his work on the new Morris Ten, which was in development during 1936/7. This was the first Morris to use unitary construction and was conceived with independent front suspension. Issigonis designed a coil-sprung wishbone system, which was later dropped on cost grounds. Although the design was later used on the MG Y-type and many other postwar MGs, the Morris Ten entered production with a front beam axle. Despite his brief being to focus on the Ten's suspension, Issigonis had also drawn up a rack and pinion steering system for the car. Like his suspension design, this was not adopted, but resurfaced in the postwar years on the MG Y-type, but these ideas proved that he was the perfect candidate to lead the design work on a new advanced small car.

With virtually all resources required for the war effort, Thomas nonetheless approved the development of a new small family car that would replace the Morris Eight. Although Oak (and Morris's technical director, Sidney Smith) were in overall charge of the project, Issigonis  was ultimately responsible for the design, working with only two other draughtsmen. Thomas named the project 'Mosquito' and ensured that it remained as secret as possible, both from the Ministry of Supply and from company founder William Morris (Lord Nuffield), who was still chairman of Morris Motors, and as widely expected, would not look favourably on Issigonis' radical ideas.

Issigonis' overall concept was to produce a practical, economical, and affordable car for the general public that would equal, if not surpass, the convenience and design quality of a more expensive car. In later years he summed up his approach to the Minor; that he wanted to design an economy car that "the average man would take pleasure in owning, rather than feeling of it as something he'd been sentenced to" and "people who drive small cars are the same size as those who drive large cars and they should not be expected to put up with claustrophobic interiors." Issigonis wanted the car to be as spacious as possible for its size, and comfortable to drive for inexperienced motorists. Just as he would with the Mini 10 years later, he designed the Mosquito with excellent roadholding and accurate, quick steering, not with any pretence of making a sports car, but to make it safe and easy to drive by everyone.

Original design features
Issigonis' design included the same ideas he had proposed for the Ten before the war: independent suspension, rack and pinion steering, and unitary construction. In the case of the Mosquito, Issigonis was inspired by the Citroën Traction Avant, a car he greatly admired, and he proposed using torsion bars on each wheel, as on the Citroën, rather than the usual coil spring system. The French car, launched in 1934, had also been an early example of the use of rack and pinion steering.

Nearly every feature of the Minor served the joint aims of good handling and maximum interior space. For example, Issigonis specified  wheels for the Mosquito. These were smaller than any other production car of the time (the existing Morris Eight had  wheels). These small wheels reduced intrusion into the cabin space and minimised the car's unsprung mass, giving better ride comfort and stability. For the same reasons, the wheels themselves were placed as far as possible towards each corner of the Mosquito's floorpan. The same went for the placement of the engine, as far as possible towards the front of the engine compartment. Most cars of the time had a front beam axle, which forced the engine to be mounted behind the front axle line. While this meant that, with only a driver on board, the weight distribution was fairly even, when laden with passengers, cars often became severely tail-heavy, leading to unstable handling and oversteer. The new Morris's independent suspension meant there was no front axle, allowing the engine to be placed low down and far forward. Putting the Mosquito's engine in the nose meant that the car was nose-heavy when lightly laden, leading to superior directional stability, and when fully laden it achieved nearly equal weight balance, so handling and grip remained good regardless of the load carried. Placing the engine further forward also maximised cabin space.

As proposed by Issigonis, the engine itself was also radical, being a water-cooled flat-four unit. One of Miles Thomas's few restrictions on the Mosquito project was that it had to have an engine that would not fall afoul of the British horsepower tax, which taxed cars under a formula relating to their engine cylinder bore. At the same time, Thomas wanted the car to appeal to the all-important export markets, which had no such restrictions, and generally favoured larger-engined cars. Issigonis' solution was the flat-four engine, which could easily be produced in two versions – a narrow-bore 800-cc version for the British market and a wide-bore 1100-cc version for export. Both versions would use identical parts, except for the actual cylinder blocks (which could still be produced on the same machinery) and the pistons. The flat-four layout reduced the overall length of the engine, further increasing potential cabin space, and reduced the car's centre of gravity for improved handling.

Pre-production changes
The engine was to prove a step too far for the Mosquito project. As the car approached completion in 1946, the war was over and the need for secrecy was both no longer necessary and impossible to maintain, as more and more Morris staff and executives had to be involved to start production. Many were pessimistic about the radical car's prospects and especially the huge cost in tooling up for a design that shared no parts with any existing Morris product. Lord Nuffield himself took a strong dislike to both the Mosquito and Issigonis, famously saying that the prototype resembled a poached egg. Nuffield preferred to continue production of the conventional Morris Eight, which succeeded very well  before the war, with some minor styling and engineering improvements. He particularly objected to the Mosquito's expensive and unconventional engine design. Whatever Nuffield's personal views, all of the Mosquito's radical features were looking increasingly unlikely to be implemented while maintaining an acceptable final purchase price and without incurring too much setup costs at the Cowley factory. Thomas and Vic Oak drew up a plan to create a three-model range of cars using Issigonis' design - the Mosquito with an 800-cc engine, a mid-sized model (tentatively designated the Minor after a previous small Morris launched in 1928) with an 1100-cc engine, and a new Morris Oxford with a 1500-cc version of the engine, all sharing different-sized variants of the same platform and with sporting MG and luxury Wolseley versions to achieve further economies of scale.

There was also the matter of timing –  a big rush existed for British manufacturers to get new models to market following the end of the war. Austin was known to be working on an all-new but conventional car, which would be launched in 1947. The Mosquito was proposed for launch in 1949 and that deadline was appearing increasingly unlikely due to the untried nature of many of the car's features. The Morris board insisted on launching the Mosquito at the first postwar British Motor Show in October 1948.

This meant that several of Issigonis' proposals were reviewed – first the all-independent torsion bar suspension was changed for a torsion-sprung live rear axle and this was then substituted by a conventional leaf-sprung arrangement. All of Miles Thomas' suggestions for spreading the cost of developing the new car and broadening the design's appeal were treated sceptically by the Morris board and vetoed by Lord Nuffield. It became clear that the only way to overcome the personal and financial obstacles to the project was to adopt a lightly revised version of the Morris Eight's obsolete side-valve engine.  Thomas resigned his position at Morris Motors over the debacle. Despite the changes the fundamental principles of Issigonis' concept – a spacious cabin, small wheels at each corner, a forward-placed engine, rack and pinion steering, and independent torsion-bar front suspension – remained.

While Thomas had been battling for the Mosquito's future, Issigonis had been settling the car's styling. Although in his later career he became known for very functional designs, Issigonis was heavily influenced by the modern styling of American cars, especially the Packard Clipper and the Buick Super. A new feature was a low-set headlamps, integral with the grille panel (Issigonis had originally sketched hidden lamps concealed behind sections of the grille, but these were never implemented). The original Mosquito prototype, which drew Lord Nuffield's "poached egg" comment, was designed with similar proportions to prewar cars, being relatively narrow for its length. In late 1947, with Cowley already tooling up for production, Issigonis was unhappy with the appearance of the car. He had the prototype cut lengthways and the two halves moved apart until it looked "right". The production model was thus 4 inches (10 cm) wider than the prototype, and in keeping with Issigonis' design principles, this further improved interior space and roadholding. It also gave the car distinctive (and recognisably modern) proportions – contrast with the Austin A30, launched in 1952, but still recognisably prewar in size and proportions. The last-minute change to the design required a number of workarounds – bumpers had already been produced, so early cars had ones cut in half with a four-inch plate bolted between the joint. The bonnet had a flat fillet section added to its centreline and the floorpan had two two-inch sections added either side of the transmission tunnel.

From Mosquito to Minor
The last change made was to the car's name. The Mosquito codename was widely expected to be the name of the production model, but Nuffield disliked it. Also, Issigonis' last-minute size increase and the fitment of the larger-than-planned sidevalve engine needed to be considered; while still a small car, the new Morris was no longer the ultra-compact economy car that it had been on the drawing board, and the Mosquito name seemed inappropriate. Morris's marketing department wanted a reassuring name for what it worried would be an innovative, radical car that would be difficult to sell to a cautious public. So, the Minor name, intended for the midsized model in Thomas' planned trio of new cars, was adopted for what would become the smallest postwar Morris. The original 1928 Morris Minor had itself introduced a number of innovative features and had been the first four-wheeled car to sell for £100.

The new Morris Minor was launched at the British Motor Show at Earls Court in London on 27 October 1948. The original range consisted solely of a two-door saloon or a two-door tourer with a 918-cc engine and a starting price of £358. At the same show, Morris also launched the new Morris Oxford and Morris Six models, plus Wolseley variants of both cars, which were scaled-up versions of the new Minor, incorporating all the same features and designed with Issigonis' input under Oak's supervision. Thus, Issigonis' ideas and design principles underpinned the complete postwar Morris and Wolseley car ranges, although not the same extent that Miles Thomas had initially proposed.

Minor MM

The original Minor MM series was produced from 1948 until 1953. It included a pair of four-seat saloons, two-door and (from 1950) a four-door, and a convertible four-seat Tourer. The front torsion bar suspension was shared with the larger Morris Oxford MO, as was the almost-unibody construction. Although the Minor was originally designed to accept a flat-4 engine, late in the development stage it was replaced by a  side-valve inline-four engine, little changed from that fitted in the early 1930s Morris Minor and Morris 8, with a bore of 57 mm but with the stroke of 90 mm and not 83 mm, and producing 27.5 hp (21 kW) and 39 lbf·ft (50.3 N·m) of torque. The engine pushed the Minor to just 64 mph (103 km/h) but delivered . Brakes were four-wheel drums.

Early cars had a painted section in the centre of the bumpers to cover the widening of the production car from the prototypes. This widening of 4 inches (102 mm) is also visible in the creases in the bonnet. Exports to the United States began in 1949 with the headlamps removed from within the grille surround to be mounted higher on the wings to meet local safety requirements. In 1950 a four-door version was released, initially available only for export, and featuring from the start the headlamps faired into the wings rather than set lower down on either side of the grille.  The raised headlight position became standard on all Minors in time for 1951. From the start, the Minor had semaphore-type turn indicators, and subsequent Minor versions persisted with these until 1961. An Autocar magazine road test in 1950 reported that these were "not of the usual self-cancelling type, but incorporate[d] a time-basis return mechanism in a switch below the facia, in front of the driver". It was all too easy for a passenger hurriedly emerging from the front passenger seat to collide with and snap off a tardy indicator "flipper" that was still sticking out of the B-pillar, having not yet been safely returned by the time-basis return mechanism to its folded position.
Another innovation towards the end of 1950 was a water pump (replacing a gravity dependent system), which permitted the manufacturer to offer an interior heater "as optional equipment".

When production of the first series ended, just over a quarter of a million had been sold, 30% of them the convertible Tourer model.

A 918 cc-engined tourer tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1950 had a top speed of  and could accelerate from 0– in 29.2 seconds. However, the 918 cc engine did 0–60 mph in 50+ seconds. A fuel consumption of  was recorded. The test car cost £382 including taxes.

Minor Series II

In 1952, the Minor was substantially re-engineered following the merger of the Nuffield Organisation (Morris's parent company) with the Austin Motor Company to form the British Motor Corporation. As part of a rationalisation programme to reduce the production of duplicate components for similar vehicles, the Minor drivetrain was completely replaced with an Austin-derived engine, gearbox, propshaft, differential and axle casing. The more modern Austin-designed  overhead valve A-series engine, which had been designed for the Minor's main rival, the Austin A30, was smaller in all dimensions, but nevertheless gave noticeable performance improvements over the pre-war side-valve  Morris unit it replaced. The 52 second drive to 60 mph (97 km/h) was still calm, but top speed increased to 63 mph (101 km/h). Fuel consumption also rose to .

An estate version was introduced in 1952, known as the Traveller (a Morris naming tradition for estates, also seen on the Mini). The Traveller featured an external structural ash (wood) frame for the rear bodywork, with two side-hinged rear doors. The frame was varnished rather than painted and a highly visible feature of the body style. Travellers were built alongside the saloon model at Cowley minus their rear bodies. The half-completed cars were then shipped to the MG factory at Abingdon where the bodies (built in Coventry) would be mated to the chassis and the final assembly carried out. This was because the main Cowley production lines were no longer fully equipped to deal with body-on-frame vehicles such as the Traveller while the MG lines still handled these sorts of cars and had experience working with wood-framed bodies. Commercial models, marketed as the Morris Quarter Ton Van and Pick-up were added in May 1953. Rear bodies of the van versions were all steel. The four-seat convertible and saloon variants continued as well.

The Motor magazine tested a four-door saloon in 1952. It reported a top speed of  and acceleration from 0– in 28.6 seconds. A fuel consumption of  was recorded. The test car cost £631 including taxes.

From 1952–56, an 803 cc a A-Series inline-four engine was used, producing  at 4,800 rpm and  of torque at 2,400 rpm

A horizontal slat grille was fitted from October 1954, as well as a new dashboard with a central speedometer.

269,838 examples of the Series II had been built when production ended in 1956.

Minor 1000

Series III
In 1956, the Minor received a major programme of updates intended to keep the car competitive into the 1960s. Where previously the Minor had been offered with a broad range of colours and trim options, the 'Minor 1000' (so named for its 948cc engine) shifted emphasis towards rationalisation of components to access improved economies of scale, and thus enabled increased production volumes to help the Minor retain a significant share of the small car market during a period where car ownership was becoming more commonplace.

The dawn of the motorway era necessitated the fitting of a new 948cc (57.9 cu in) variant of the BMC A-Series engine, elevating top speed from 63 mph to 75 mph, and reducing 0-60 mph acceleration from 52.5 secs to 31.3 secs. Driving was further improved by a substantially revised gearbox, which incorporated taller ratios for more relaxed cruising speeds and a remote selector allowing a shorter gear lever and less ponderous gearchange action. This new engine and gearbox was the product of a broader engine policy at BMC, and had been developed for use in a range of their smaller vehicles, including the Austin A35, A40 Farina, and Austin-Healey Sprite/MG Midget, to maximise parts sharing and thus reduce production costs, servicing costs and consumer costs across the model range.

A series of changes to the body pressings for the roof/scuttle and bonnet panels yielded a large wraparound rear windscreen and one-piece curved front windscreen, which markedly improved visibility and lent a modernised appearance to the car at relatively small outlay.

Many of the 'luxury' items, such as leather trim, were replaced with more durable and cheaper materials, and over the course of the following years the range of available paint and interior colours was dramatically reduced. Various unique Minor trim items and components (such as light units and heaters) were also gradually replaced with ubiquitous items from the BMC range. This programme of changes succeeded in giving access to improved economies of scale to allow production to be ramped up. By the turn of the 1960s, over 100,000 Minors were being produced per year, compared to fewer than 50,000 per year a decade earlier.

In 1961 the semaphore-style trafficators were replaced by flashing direction indicators. These were US-style red at the rear (using the same bulb filament as the brake lamp) and white at the front (using a second brighter filament in the parking lamp bulb) which was legal in the UK and many export markets at the time (such as New Zealand). On the two door cars, the rear wings were modified to remove the openings for the trafficators; on the 4-door, the B-pillar pressing was modified to leave a ‘blank’ in place of the trafficator housing.

An upmarket car based on the Minor floorpan using the larger BMC B-Series engine was sold as the Riley One-Point-Five/Wolseley 1500 beginning in 1957: versions of this Wolseley/Riley variant were also produced by BMC Australia as the Morris Major and the Austin Lancer.

Minor Million
In December 1960 the Morris Minor became the first British car to sell more than 1,000,000 units. To commemorate the achievement, a limited edition of 350 two-door Minor saloons (one for each UK Morris dealership) was produced with distinctive lilac paintwork and a white interior. Also the badge name on the side of the bonnet was modified to read "Minor 1,000,000" instead of the standard "Minor 1000". The millionth Minor was donated to the National Union of Journalists, which planned to use it as a prize in a competition in aid of the union's Widow and Orphan Fund. The company, at the same time, presented a celebratory Minor to London's Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children, but this car was constructed of cake.

Series V (ADO59)
The final major upgrades to the Minor were made in 1962. Although the name Minor 1000 was retained, the changes were sufficient for the new model to be given its own ADO development number. Morris chassis numbering convention refers to these cars as 'Series V', the 'Series IV' designation having been assigned to the Morris Mini Minor.

A new, larger version of the existing A-Series engine had been developed in conjunction with cylinder head specialist Harry Weslake for the then new ADO16 Austin/Morris 1100 range. This new engine used a taller block than the 948 cc unit, with increased bore and stroke bringing total capacity up to 1,098 cc. Although fuel consumption suffered moderately at 38 mpg, the Minor's top speed increased to 77 mph (124 km/h), and a 20% increase in torque gave an altogether more responsive drive. The revised engine was teamed to a stronger gearbox fitted with baulk ring synchromesh replacing the previous cone-clutch type. Drum brakes were retained on each corner, but the front units were increased from 7 inches (18 cm) to 8 inches (20 cm) in diameter. Other changes included a modified dashboard with toggle switches, white-on-black speedometer unit (incorporating a warning light for a blocked oil filter), textured alloy fascia, and a new glove-box cover design (a fully enclosing bottom-hinged cover on the passenger side, and fixed open aperture surround on the driver's side). A two-spoke 'safety' steering wheel (shared with the Morris 1100) and new heater (now with fresh air ventilation) were fitted in 1964, completing the interior upgrade. Larger combined front side/indicator light units, common to many BMC vehicles of the time, were fitted to the front wings, and larger tail lamp units were fitted at the rear. Both incorporated separate amber flashers for directional indicators.

From 1965, no further production improvements were made to the Minor, with resource being channelled into improving the ADO16 (the Minor's spiritual successor and Britain's best-selling car in the 1960s), and development of the Morris Marina, which would succeed the Minor on the Cowley production lines in 1971.

In 1969, production of the Traveller variants was moved to the ex-Wolseley plant at Adderley Park, where the van and pick-up models were already made. This freed up production space at Cowley and simplified the production chain as the Traveller's rear bodies were built at the Morris Bodies factory in Coventry. Adderley Park-built Travellers were offered in a new range of colours from the paint range that had been introduced for 1970, including vibrant shades such as Limeflower (lime green) and Aqua (turquoise). From 1971 Minors were fitted with a steering-column mounted ignition key and a steering lock rather than the facia-mounted ignition switch used up to that point.

Engines
1956–62 (Series III): 948 cc A-series inline-four, 37 bhp (28 kW) at 4,750 rpm and 50 lb/ft (68 N·m) at 2,500 rpm
1962–72 (Series V): 1,098 cc A-series inline-four, 48 bhp (36 kW) at 5,100 rpm and 60 lb/ft (81 N·m) at 2,500 rpm

Decline and replacement
During the life of the Minor 1000 model, production declined – as the Mini and 1100/1300 had become BMC's best selling models by the mid 1960s.

The last Convertible/Tourer was manufactured on 18 August 1969, and the saloon models were discontinued in November 1970. Production of the more practical Traveller and commercial versions ceased in April 1971. According to Newell (1997), 1.6 million Minors were made in total and Wainwright (2008) even claims that 1,619,857 Minors of all variants were ultimately sold.

The Minor vs Volkswagen
The decline and cancellation of Minor production was source of some consternation by industry commentators in the late 1960s, who believed that further development of the car had the potential to challenge the Volkswagen Beetle in export markets. The Volkswagen, which was developed as a small family car with a very similar brief to the Minor, had been upgraded consistently over 25 years, and retained a healthy market share in export markets (especially developing countries), where it was very often the lowest priced new car on the market. It went on to achieve over 21 million units before cancellation in 2003. Having said this, in the year of the Minor's cancellation (1971), over 1.3 million Beetles were produced (its peak year of production). This corresponded to over 80% of total Minor production in 23 years, or ten times the production volume of Minors in their peak year (1958) when 113,699 were built. This gulf of production capacity made the Minor's ability to effectively challenge the Beetle, which had a global distributor and servicing network, moot. Some historians also report that the Minor was being sold at a loss during its final years. British Leyland management were pinning hopes for greater market share and profitability on the Morris Marina, which was being specifically developed for assembly on the Minor production lines at Cowley, thereby precluding the continuance of Minor production in any event.

Successors
The Minor was officially replaced on the Cowley production lines by the Morris Marina (ADO28), which was developed primarily in response to Ford's top-selling (and in many respects, conservatively engineered) Escort. Building a larger mid-sized car capable of volume sales (particularly in the lucrative fleet-buying market) was becoming increasingly key in maintaining healthy sales figures, and was an issue BMC had consistently failed to address hitherto. The Marina was developed under the watchful eye of British Leyland management, and used a modified version of the Minor chassis floorplan, extended to increase the wheelbase by  10 inches. Many other Minor components, including much of the suspension, were used in the running gear, which served to streamline production changeover and minimise the financial outlay associated with chassis development and retooling.

The spiritual successor to the Morris Minor was arguably the ADO16 Austin/Morris 1100 range, which had been launched in 1962 and aimed at the same small family-car market (and actually replaced the Minor in some export markets such as Australia and New Zealand). The crisp styling, hydrolastic suspension and innovative front-wheel drive system (itself a "scaling-up" of the Mini principle) made ADO16 a worthy successor to the (in its day) strikingly forward-looking Minor. However, due to the British Motor Corporation's commitment to both the Morris factory at Cowley, and Austin plant at Longbridge – in addition to a healthy demand for both products – production of the two cars continued in parallel for nearly 10 years. Indeed, production of ADO16 outlasted that of the Minor by only three years or so, before being replaced by the innovative, export-oriented, yet under-developed Austin Allegro in 1974.

Safety
Despite the four major updates of the Minor in its 23-year production run, very few actively designed "safety features" were ever engineered into the Minor's design. Provisions were made for seat belt fittings in the early '60s, but the rigid structure of the car's monocoque body made it dangerously unabsorbent to impact. For a short time in 1968, the thickness of the steel used in the bonnet and doors was decreased from 1.2 mm to 1.0 mm to act as a form of crumple zone, but as the wings continued to be made of 1.4 mm mild steel, the modification was pointless and ineffectual and was reversed in 1969 as it increased passenger compartment crush in collisions.

The Mark II model changed from the "lowlight" model to comply with Canadian lighting standards, with higher and brighter headlights to increase visibility in fog and during dark Canadian winters.

Australian models, and tourer models made in Britain and exported to Australia, featured safety glass windscreens and safety glass windows, to comply with local regulations. Australian models also had blinking indicator lights in addition to the standard trafficator arms on the indigenous Minor 1000.

Morris quarter ton van and pick-up

Closed van and open flat-bed ("pick-up") versions of the Minor were built from 1953 until the end of production. They were designed for commercial use with small businesses, although many were also used by larger corporations. Van versions were popular with the General Post Office, the early versions of these (to around 1956) having rubber front wings to cope with the sometimes unforgiving busy situations in which they were expected to work. Both the van and the pickup differed from the monocoque construction of the Saloon and Traveller variants by having a separate chassis. They also differed in details such as telescopic rear dampers, stiffer rear leaf springs and lower-ratio differentials to cope with heavier loads.

The commercial versions were initially marketed as the Morris Quarter Ton Van and Pick-up, with a Series III designation applied from 1956. The names Morris 6cwt Van and Pickup was used following the introduction of the 1098cc engine in 1962 and 8cwt versions were added in 1968.

As BMC's policy was to provide both Austin and Morris with complete commercial vehicle ranges, Austin-badged variants of the Minor van and pick-up were sold following the end of Austin A35 production in 1968. These featured Austin badging and the corporate Austin 'crinkle-cut' radiator grille but were otherwise identical to the standard Minor commercials, and were sold as the Austin 6cwt and Austin 8cwt.

Morris Minor today

Today the Morris Minor and 1000 are among the best-served classic family-sized cars in the old vehicle movement and continue to gain popularity. The enduring affection for the "Moggie" (also a common British nickname for an undistinguished cat, or a Morgan) or "Morrie" (as it is often known in Australia and New Zealand) is reflected in the number of restored and improved Morris Minors currently running in Britain and Australasia. In addition to more powerful engines, desirable improvements necessitated by the increase in traffic density since the Minor was withdrawn from volume production include the replacement of the original equipment drum brakes with discs. Other important upgrades include the  version of the A-series engine, derided by Morris Marina enthusiasts as a key reason why many Marinas were scrapped, and the similarly sized Nissan A engine, which shares all common dimensions to the Morris Minor engine, except piston size. Top Gear presenter Jeremy Clarkson once stated that the Morris Minor is Britain's Volkswagen Beetle (although this was meant in a derogatory way rather than favourably). There is still an extensive parts backup for these cars, and parts are cheap compared to modern day cars.

Replacement panels for the Morris Minor were still being made in 2002 by the Durable Car Company in Sri Lanka.


1953 New York Giants season

The  New York Giants season was the franchise's 29th season in the National Football League.

Schedule

Standings

New York Giants coaching vacancy
Before the end of the 1953 season, the New York Daily News had a headline in their paper that Vince Lombardi was the top candidate to become the Giants new head coach. Although Giants co-owner Wellington Mara was a classmate of Lombardi at Fordham University, the Giants were actually interested in Army head coach, Colonel Red Blaik. Blaik had declined the job, but recommended Lombardi, who was his offensive co-ordinator at Army. Despite being Red Blaik's top aide, Vince Lombardi was anxious and frustrated. Three other Army assistants, including Murray Warmath were now head coaches. In June, Lombardi had turned forty years old. Lombardi would be hired as the offensive co-ordinator for the 1954 season.


Aechmea 'Friederike'

'Friederike' is a hybrid cultivar of the genus Aechmea in the Bromeliad family.


Gemfields

Gemfields Group Ltd (formerly Pallinghurst Resources Limited) is a natural resources company incorporated in Guernsey and headquartered in London, United Kingdom, and is a supplier of responsibly-sourced coloured gemstones. The company specializes in the mining, processing and sale of coloured gemstones, in particular emeralds and rubies. The group owns the Kagem emerald mine in Zambia and the Montepuez ruby mine in Mozambique. Gemfields produces around 25% of the world's emerald supply and around 50% of the world's ruby supply.

Gemfields owns Fabergé and holds additional stakes in companies based in Zambia, Mozambique, Ethiopia and Madagascar. It also has minority stakes in platinum-group metals producer Sedibelo Platinum Mines Limited and a steelmaking materials producer Jupiter Mines Limited. During April 2019, the Company announced it had agreed to sell its holding in Jupiter to a third party, with the transaction due to complete in November 2019.

In May 2017, the company's board (under the name of Pallinghurst Resources Limited) announced the terms of an offer to acquire the entire issued, and to be issued, share capital of Gemfields Ltd (then as Gemfields plc and listed on AIM), other than the Gemfields Ltd shares already held by the company – approximately 47%. Under the terms of the offer, each Gemfields Ltd shareholder was entitled to receive 1.91 Gemfields Group Ltd shares for each Gemfields Ltd share. The acquisition completed in late 2017 and Gemfields Ltd is now a 100% subsidiary of Gemfields Group Limited.

In July 2009, Gemfields Ltd commenced a formal auction programme for Zambian emeralds mined at Kagem. To date, the company has held 32 auctions of rough emerald and beryl produced from Kagem which have generated revenues totalling $589 million.

In June 2014, Gemfields Ltd held a ruby and corundum auction in Singapore. To date, the company has held 12 auctions of ruby and corundum produced from Montepuez Ruby Mining Limitada (MRM) which have generated revenues totalling $513 million.

The company has traceability of its stones.

Gemfields Authorised Auction Partner

Gemfields do have a special certification for auctioneers who visit & and have a successful winning bids at the auction. These companies are given the status of "Gemfields Authorised Auction Partner" which can only be used with bilateral agreements between Gemfields and the company. The companies can use the branding & identity in promotional materials for the individual companies.

Mines

Kagem Emerald Mine

Gemfields owns the Kagem emerald mine in Zambia which is responsible for approximately 25% of the world's emerald supply. The pit is around  deep, exposing one concordant and four discordant pegmatites over a strike length of . Gemfields own 75% of the mine while the remaining 25% stake is held by the government in Lusaka.

The Kagem mine is the first emerald mine in the world to be assessed against Eco-Age’s Green Carpet Challenge (GCC) Principles of Sustainable Excellence.

Montepuez Ruby Deposit

Gemfields Ltd acquired a 75% stake in the Montepuez ruby deposit in Mozambique in February 2012. The Monepuez ruby deposit is located in the northeast of Mozambique in the Cabo Delgado Province. Covering approximately .

Large rubies of note found in the Montepuez deposit are the Rhino Ruby (40.23 carats), and the Eyes of the Dragon (45 carats).

Subsidiaries

Fabergé

Gemfields Ltd acquired Fabergé Limited on 28 January 2013. This valued the brand at approximately $142 million. In a statement, the company said that Fabergé will provide Gemfields with direct control over "a high-end luxury goods platform and a global brand with an exceptional heritage".

Oriental Mining
Gemfields owns Oriental Mining SARL, a company incorporated in Madagascar. Oriental has 15 exploration licences covering emeralds, rubies, sapphires, tourmalines and garnets in Madagascar.

Ethiopia
Gemfields owns 75% of Web Gemstone Mining plc (“WGM”), a company that holds a 200-square-kilometre emerald exploration licence in southern Ethiopia. Exploration activity began in June 2015 in an area to the north of the licence, called the Dogogo Block. The area was selected based on favourable geological settings and evidence of past artisanal activity.

Corporate responsibility
Gemfields aims to operate at the highest mining standards and to contribute to global development by aligning their localised community projects to the broader strategic aims of the United
Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Gemfields focuses on projects that help to alleviate hunger (through developing farming and other food-security projects), health and well-being (through medical assistance and infrastructure such as clinics), education (through adult learning, scholarships and school infrastructure) and life on land (through conservation partnerships).

During the mining process, the mines are getting prepared for backfilling, to reduce the environmental impact and allow for faster ecological restoration.

Shareholders

 Dr Christo Wiese – 11.4%
 Fidelity International – 10.1%
 NGPMR (Cayman) L.P. - 9.8%
 OVMK N.V. – 7.4%
 Gemfields Group Limited - 6.8%
 Oasis – 6.7%


WordGirl (season 4)

The fourth season of the animated series WordGirl was originally broadcast on PBS in the United States from September 5, 2011 to June 11, 2012.

Cast
Dannah Phirman: Becky Botsford/Wordgirl, Claire McCallister, Chuck's Mom, Edith Von Hoosinghaus, Pretty Princess.

Chris Parnell: Narrator, Henchmen #1, Museum Security Guard, Exposition Guy.

James Adomian: Bob/Captain Huggy Face, Chip Von Dumor, Harry Kempel, Hal Hardbargain.

Jack D. Ferraiolo: The Butcher.

Fred Stoller: Chuck the Evil Sandwich Making Guy.

Cree Summer: Granny May.

Patton Oswalt: Theodore “Tobey” McCallister the Third, Robots.

Tom Kenny: Dr. Two-Brains, TJ Botsford, Warden Chalmers, Brent the Handsome Successful Everyone Loves Him Sandwich Making Guy.

Jeffrey Tambor: Mr. Big.

John C. McGinley: The Whammer.

Maria Bamford: Violet Heaslip, Sally Botsford, Leslie, Mrs. Best.

Grey DeLisle: Lady Redundant Woman, Ms. Question.

Pamela Adlon: Eileen aka The Birthday Girl.

Ryan Raddatz: Todd “Scoops” Ming, Tim Botsford.

Larry Murphy: The Amazing Rope Guy, Gold Store Dealer, Soccer Referee, Mr. Best, Used Car Salesman, Anthony the News Reporter.

Jen Cohn: Female Bank Teller.

Daran Norris: Seymour Orlando Smooth, Nocan the Contrarian.

Ron Lynch: The Mayor.

H. Jon Benjamin: Reginald the Jewelry Store Clerk, Invisi-Bill.

Amy Sedaris: Mrs. Davis.

Mike O’Connell: Grocery Store Manager, Big Left Hand Guy.

Episodes
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Suburbia I've Given You All and Now I'm Nothing is the third studio album by American rock band The Wonder Years.

Composition
Suburbia I've Given You All and Now I'm Nothing is a part of a trilogy (along with The Upsides [2010] and The Greatest Generation [2013]) that dealt with vocalist Dan Campbell's struggles of being scared, loneliness and feeling lost.

The title of the album and some of its lyrics reference the Allen Ginsberg poem "America" which according to the albums liner notes served as the primary inspiration for the record. "Came Out Swinging" begins with a sample of Ginsberg reading the poem.

Recording
The album was produced by Steve Evetts. Evetts would push the band to get the perfect take to the point where they felt sick, such as Dan Campbell throwing up twice while recording vocals. Dan O'Connor and Alan Day, both from Four Year Strong, recorded their guest vocals for "Summers in PA" while on The Wonder Years' tour bus during the 2011 edition of the Kerrang! Tour.

Release
The group performed on the Kerrang! Tour in the UK in February 2011. Following this, they played a one-off headlining show in the UK. In March, the band went on tour with Man Overboard and Handguns. In April and May, the group embarked on a headlining US tour, dubbed The Man Scout Jamboree tour. They were supported by Fireworks, Such Gold, Make Do and Mend and Living with Lions. On April 11, Suburbia I've Given You All and Now I'm Nothing was announced for release in June. In addition, its track listing and artwork were revealed. The following day, "Local Man Ruins Everything" was made available for streaming and released as a single. On May 3, a music video was released for "Don't Let Me Cave In". The track was also released as a single. In May, the group supported Parkway Drive on their headlining tour of Australia, dubbed The Mix N Mash Tour. On June 1, "Coffee Eyes" was made available for streaming on the Alternative Press website.

Suburbia I've Given You All and Now I'm Nothing was made available for streaming on June 10, before being released on June 14 through Hopeless Records. To celebrate its release, the group performed a record release show in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The artwork features the band's mascot, Hank the Pigeon. Later in the month, an acoustic version of "Woke Up Older" was included on an Hopeless Records various artists compilation, Another Hopeless Summer. Throughout the summer, the group performed on Warped Tour. On August 11, a music video was premiered for "Local Man Ruins Everything" via Alternative Press. In September, the group embarked on a headlining UK tour, dubbed A Whole Year in Airports, with support from Valencia and Such Gold. In October and November, the band supported New Found Glory on their Pop Punk's Not Dead tour in the US. On November 22, a music video was released for "Came Out Swinging".

In March and April 2012, the band headlined the Glamour Kills Spring 2012 tour in the US. They were supported by Polar Bear Club, Transit, The Story So Far, A Loss for Words and Into It. Over It. To promote the tour, a compilation album was released that featured the bands covering one of the other bands' songs. The Wonder Years' contribution was a cover of the Into It. Over It. track "Anchor". At three of the shows on the tour, the band performed the album in its entirety. In May and June, the band went on tour with The Early November. The group performed two shows in June as part of the Zumiez Couch Tour. On November 6, a deluxe edition of the album was released. It featured outtakes and demos recordings. In November and December, the band supported Yellowcard on their headlining tour of the US. Also in December, the group headlining the Glamour Kills holiday festival and supported The Starting Line.

Reception

The album debuted at number 73 on the Billboard 200, selling about 8,100 copies in its first week of release.

The album was included at number 5 on Rock Sounds "The 51 Most Essential Pop Punk Albums of All Time" list. BuzzFeed included the album at number 32 on their "36 Pop Punk Albums You Need To Hear Before You F——ing Die" list.

Track listing

Deluxe edition

Personnel
Dan "Soupy" Campbell - lead vocals
Matthew Brasch - rhythm guitar, vocals
Josh Martin - bass, vocals
Casey Cavaliere - lead guitar, vocals
Nick Steinborn - keyboards, guitar, vocals
Mike Kennedy - drums, percussion

Additional personnel
Alan Day (of Four Year Strong) - vocals on "Summers in PA"
Dan O'Connor (of Four Year Strong)- vocals on "Summers in PA”

Chart performance


Paige Pierce

Paige Pierce, from Plano, Texas, is the number one ranked and rated female professional disc golfer in the world. She is a five-time World Champion, and has been consistently ranked in the top four professional women between 2011 and 2019. In 2018 she achieved the highest player rating a woman has ever had at 978. In 2019 she broke her own record setting a new high player rating of 980. In November 2019 she announced a multi-year deal with Discraft.

Pierce began playing disc golf at the age of 4 with her father and his friends. She went professional in 2009 and started touring in 2010.

After winning the US Women's Disc Golf Championship in 2014, Pierce made history by becoming the first female to ever win the USDGC Performance Flight division. She narrowly missed qualifying for the Open division in 2015, missing a playoff for the fifth qualifying spot by two strokes. In 2017 at the first major championship of the year, The Aussie Open, she shot amongst the top 10 scores of all divisions earning her a coveted qualification for the Open Flight of the USDGC. In 2018 she once again earned a qualifying spot when she won the United States Women's Disc Golf Championship.

Professional career

In addition to Pierce's five World Championships, she also holds two Mixed Doubles World Championships, both with Jeremy Koling.

Majors (13)

Majors playoff record (0-1)

National Tour (22)

NT playoff record (1-3)

Summary

*As of January 1, 2017

Annual statistics

†At Year End
‡Includes DGPT Championship (not PDGA sanctioned)


1882 English cricket season

1882 was the 96th season of cricket in England since the foundation of Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC). England lost to Australia in the match which gave rise to the Ashes.

Champion County
 Lancashire, Nottinghamshire (shared)

Playing record (by county)

Leading batsmen (qualification 20 innings)

Leading bowlers (qualification 1,000 balls)

Events
 8 April (approx.):  Formation of Warwickshire CCC at a meeting in Coventry.
 10 May:  Formation of Durham CCC.
 Somerset CCC played its initial first-class match v. Lancashire at Old Trafford on 8, 9 & 10 June and joined the County Championship, but for only four seasons initially.
 14 August: C.T. Studd became the second player after W.G. Grace to accomplish the "double" of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets, which he achieved by dismissing Grace.
 28 & 29 August.  England v. Australia at The Oval (only Test of the season).  Australia won the most famous match in history by 7 runs with F R Spofforth, the original "Demon Bowler", taking seven for 46 and seven for 44.  Soon afterwards, The Sporting Times printed its legendary obituary notice:

In Affectionate Remembrance
of
ENGLISH CRICKET,
which died at the Oval
on
29th AUGUST, 1882,
Deeply lamented by a large circle of sorrowing
friends and acquaintances
----
R.I.P.
----
N.B.—The body will be cremated and the
ashes taken to Australia.
 25 September: Ted Peate breaks the late James Southerton’s 1870 record by taking his 211st wicket of the season. His record stands until Charles Turner takes his 215th wicket on 23 August 1888.

Further details can be found in the articles History of Test cricket (to 1883) and The Ashes.

Notes
An unofficial seasonal title sometimes proclaimed by consensus of media and historians prior to December 1889 when the official County Championship was constituted. Although there are ante-dated claims prior to 1873, when residence qualifications were introduced, it is only since that ruling that any quasi-official status can be ascribed.


2016 Australian Open – Men's Doubles

Simone Bolelli and Fabio Fognini were the defending champions, but lost in the second round to Adrian Mannarino and Lucas Pouille.

Jamie Murray and Bruno Soares won the title, defeating Daniel Nestor and Radek Štěpánek in the final, 2–6, 6–4, 7–5.

Australian Lleyton Hewitt played his final ever professional match in either singles or doubles; partnering Sam Groth, the pair lost to Jack Sock and Vasek Pospisil in the third round.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Section 1

Section 2

Bottom half

Section 3

Section 4


Oregon Route 422

Oregon Route 422 (OR 422) is an Oregon state highway running from Modoc Point Road near Klamath Agency to US 97 near Chiloquin.  OR 422 is known as the Chiloquin Highway No. 422 (see Oregon highways and routes).  It is  long and runs east–west, entirely within Klamath County.

OR 422 was established in 2002 as part of Oregon's project to assign route numbers to highways that previously were not assigned.  The route is mentioned on signage along U.S. 97, but no signage exists on OR 422 itself or at its junction with OR 62 as of July 2017.

OR 422 has an unsigned spur in Chiloquin, which runs .

Route description
OR 422 begins at an intersection with Modoc Point Road approximately one mile south of Klamath Agency and heads east, crossing OR 62  east of the start of the route.  OR 422 then continues east, crossing US 97 approximately  west of Chiloquin and turning southeast into Chiloquin.  At the intersection of Chocktoot Street and Chiloquin Road in Chiloquin, OR 422S heads southeast along Chocktoot Street and OR 422 turns southwest along Chiloquin Road, ending at an intersection with US 97 approximately  beyond the city limits.

History
The Chiloquin Highway No. 422 was approved for designation as a secondary highway on November 13, 1931. It was designated on December 6, 1933. The OR 422 designation was applied to the Chiloquin Highway on May 14, 2002.

Major intersections

Spur route

Oregon Route 422S (OR 422S) is a spur route of OR 422 in Chiloquin. OR 422S is known as the Chiloquin Spur No. 488. OR 422S begins at the intersection of Chocktoot Street and Chiloquin Road in Chiloquin and heads southeast, ending just past the Williamson River.


Look Away Now

Look Away Now is a BBC Radio 4 sports-based comedy series presented by Garry Richardson (the Today programme's sports reporter). The programme takes the form of a sports news programme and mocks many aspects of such programmes. The cast also includes Laurence Howarth, Katherine Jakeways, Dave Lamb, Richie Webb and Mark Evans. Most of the show is composed of "interviews" with important sporting figures and satire based on sporting news. There is also a sport related song performed by Richie Webb. Other regular sketches include a panel of ex-professional footballers watching various non sport related programmes on TV monitors and the "Rant-line" which is supposedly open to the public to complain about sport but in fact is mainly filled with messages from people interviewed on the programme.

 there have been four series; one each in 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. The first two series consisted of six episodes whilst the third series ran for a shorter period with only three episodes. There was also a 2007 Christmas special.

The third series differed to the previous with the usual panel of ex-professional footballers being replaced with a team of former cricketers commenting on live events such as a barbecue and wedding. Also, every episode featured an "interview" with Kevin Pietersen.

The fourth series started on 10 June 2010; consisting of three episodes with the focus  strongly orientated towards the World Cup.

Episode list

Series 1

Series 2

Series 3

Series 4

External links


José David Suárez

José David Suárez (born 26 June 1953) is a Cuban volleyball player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1980 Summer Olympics.


Veľký Grob

Veľký Grob () is a village and municipality in Galanta District of  the Trnava Region of south-west Slovakia.

Names and etymology
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1335 (Grwb). The name derives from German Graben ("ditch"). An extended historic name Nemecký ("German") Grob () dates back to the 16th century. It distinguished the village from Chorvátsky ("Croatian") Grob and Slovenský ("Slovak") Grob.

Geography
The municipality lies at an elevation of 130 metres and covers an area of 23.545 km². It has a population of about 1290 people.


Tanchangya language

The Tanchangya language is one of the eleven indigenous languages in Chittagong Hill Tracts in present-day Bangladesh, and an ethnic group in the Indian states of Tripura and Mizoram, as well as Rakhine State in Myanmar. It is categorized as an Indo-Aryan language, despite some scholars having the opinion of it being Tibeto-Burman language. It is closely related to Chakma and Chittagonian.

Vocabulary
Tanchangya language is rooted in Indo-Aryan languages, with mixture of Pali, Sanskrit, Prakrit and other middle-Indo-Aryan languages.

Ancient Tanchangya language
Ancient Tanchangya's words are believed to be the original words of Tanchangya since those words have been handing down a long time ago. It is not simply due to its earlier usage but it is universally understood by every Tanchangya despite any geographical distribution. According to Roti Kanta Tanchangya's collection of some ancient Tanchangya words.

Middle Indo-Aryan
The ancient Indo-Aryan language, Sanskrit is the most influential language impacting on most of the present middle-Indo-Aryan languages such as without Hindi, and with Odiya, Bengali, and Assamese and even in Tanchangya language with distorted and half assimilated form. Though Tanchangya language is thought to be the Indo-Aryan language family, due to its long gap of meeting with Pāḷi and Sanskrit, their vocabularies are almost untraceable distorted forms. According to ‘Tanchangya Parichiti’ written by Biro Kumar Tanchangya of the words originated from Indo-Aryan language.

Tibeto-Burman
Tanchangay language does not belong to Tibeto-Burman language family; however, till today there are many Buddhist religious’ terms are found in the Tanchangya Language. It is believed that after the establishment of first Myanmar Empire, the Bagan Dynasty in 11th century CE, Myanmar language and its culture influence to the neighbouring tribes in many ways.

Foreign words

In Tanchangya language it could also find few vocabularies derived from Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Dutch, Turkish, Persian, French, English, and Hindi.

Opinions on Tanchangya language
Outside Tanchangya tribe, there is a common belief that there is no difference at all between Tanchangya language and Chakma language. Such an instance can be seen at Dr. Satyakam Phukam's article named “An Analysis of the Ethno-Linguistic Roots and Connections of the Chakma and Tanchangya People”. According to him, the similarity is much compared to the difference between the words between Chakma and Tanchangya.


George Alfred Baitsell

George Alfred Baitsell (1885 – September 24, 1971) was an American biologist. He was Professor of biology at Yale University.
He was an official of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and published several science books.

Publications
 The evolution of man, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1922
 Manual of animal biology, New York, Macmillan, 1932
 Science in progress, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1949 (editor)
 The Centennial of the Sheffield Scientific School, Yale University Press, 1950 (editor)

Family
George Alfred Baitsell was the first son of John Albert Baitsell (1847-1929) and Amanda Clammer (1859-1936); he had a sister, Bessie (died in 1887 three weeks after her birth), and two brothers, John Merrill (1889-1905), and Carl Merrill (born 1891).
He and his wife Dorothy Morton Horning (1885-1967) had a son, John Morton, and a daughter.


Stefanów, Zgierz County

Stefanów  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Zgierz, within Zgierz County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland.


The 2012 World Cup Taekwondo Team Championships is the 4th edition of the World Cup Taekwondo Team Championships, and was held at Centro Deportivo Betico Croes in Santa Cruz, Aruba from November 23 to November 25, 2012.

Men

Preliminary round

Group A

Group B

Group C

Group D

Knockout round

Women

Preliminary round

Group A

Group B

Group C

Knockout round


Andy Lee (South Korean singer)

Lee Sun-ho (; born January 21, 1981), mononymously credited as Andy (), is a South Korean singer, rapper and the youngest in the six-member boy band Shinhwa. Besides rapping for his band, Andy has ventured out into television acting, musicals, and solo singing. Andy is also the producer of duo Jumper and boy bands Teen Top, 100% and UP10TION.

Biography

Pre-debut
Andy Lee was raised in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, California, United States and had been a student at John F. Kennedy High School before moving to Seoul. He then completed high school at Korea Kent Foreign School in Seoul.  Lee was the second member to join Shinhwa. He originally planned to be a member of H.O.T. (another Korean boy band) with his friend Tony An. However, his parents pulled their support for him joining H.O.T. because they thought he was too young. Nevertheless, he continued to stay with the management of H.O.T. and was even featured as a rapper on female group S.E.S.'s single I'm Your Girl along with Eric Mun (Mun would later join Lee in Shinhwa as lead rapper).

When Andy was older, his parents let him join Shinhwa. He would continue with Shinhwa until the group's fourth album when he took some time out to study in the U.S. (he later confessed that it actually was due to his care for seriously sick mother). For the group's fifth album Perfect Man he returned and has been with the group ever since.  His real English name was actually Jason, but SM Entertainment persuaded him to change it before his debut.

2003: Solo artist
In 2003, when the members of Shinhwa began doing solo activities, Lee surprised everyone by being an actor on various dramas, most notably the drama Lovers In Prague. Although he had a very minor role in the drama, it gained many viewers because of his role as a completely different, serious person.  He began appearing in many banjun drama as well alongside former Fin.K.L member Lee Jin.  The two acted together in numerous other banjun dramas as well as a couple for 6 months, longer than any other couple or actors/actresses did on the show segment for which they gained a lot of popularity due to their perfect match and chemistry. Lee was also an MC on SBS Inkigayo and MBC Goldfish, though in January 2007, he step down from being MC on both SBS Inkigayo and MBC Goldfish in a period of 3 days (SBS Inkigayo on January 28 & MBC Goldfish on January 31).

In 2007, Lee left his group's management to set up his own company, ND (New Dream) Entertainment, concentrating on his solo career.  As Shinhwa was on hiatus, Lee return to acting in September 2007 to act as the lead role in a musical "Music In My Heart (Season 3)", a type of project that none of the Shinhwa members have tried to pursue yet.  After finishing performances for the musical, Lee released his very first digital single, titled "Irrelevant [or Extraordinary] Imagination" on November 30, 2007, a cover from the group Rollercoaster's song.  Due to the help of Park Jin Young (also known as JYP; CEO of JYP Entertainment) and Yubin of Wonder Girls, Lee was able to have a successful single.  Yubin rapped while JYP wrote the lyrics for the rap part in the song.  With the help, Lee was able to attract a lot of attention for the single.  By releasing the digital single as well, Lee became the 5th member in Shinhwa to go solo behind Lee Min-woo, Shin Hye-sung, Jun Jin, and Kim Dong-wan, leaving Eric Mun as the only member to have not yet pursue a solo singing career.

In March 2008, Andy joined MBC's reality show We Got Married where he was a couple with singer Solbi to act out the lives of newlyweds. Solbi and Andy made their official exit from We Got Married on October 5, 2008. He has taken an active career in stage such as playing as playing a 19-year-old in the musical Polaroid in August 2008, as well as live concerts throughout September and October. He has also produced a two-member boy band called Jumper under his company ND Entertainment. They have released two singles titled YES! featuring Eric and 눈이부셔 (Sparkling Eyes) featuring Kang Jiyoung of Kara.

2009-2011: Military service
In November 2009, Lee commenced an Asia tour with stops in Taipei, Tokyo and Shanghai and concluded it just after Christmas and held a fan meeting, Andy Farewell Party-Bye for now a week before his enlistment. He enlisted for his mandatory military service on 11 January 2010 for 21 months of active duty at the Ministry of National Defense in Yongsan-gu, Seoul. He was discharged on 31 October 2011.

In 2010, TOP Media, Andy's agency, debuted its first boy band Teen Top.

2012: Shinhwa comeback and boy band 100%
In March 2012, Lee reunited with his Shinhwa bandmates for their comeback after four years, under the management of 'Shinhwa Company'. It is a joint venture agency for members to perform as a group, of which Eric and Lee Min-woo are co-CEOs and the remaining members are shareholders. The Company manages the group as a whole, whilst members' individual activities are managed by their respective agencies. The group released their tenth studio album The Return on 23 March 2012, launched their comeback concerts 2012 Shinhwa Grand Tour: The Return throughout Asia and their first exclusive variety program Shinhwa Broadcast premiered on 17 March 2012 on cable channel JTBC.

In September, under TOP Media, he launched a new seven-member boy band 100% which debuted with the hit single "Bad Guy".

2013: Gambling conviction and hiatus
In November 2013, Lee was indicted with illegally gambling on soccer matches, resulting in a fine of 5 million KRW. Shinhwa apologized on-air for Lee's crime in December 2013 and Lee withdrew from all individual and group activities. As part of the hiatus, Lee's previously filmed appearances on broadcast shows such as "Shinhwa Broadcast" were edited out. In February 2014, television station Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) announced Lee would be banned from broadcasting on the network.

In October 2014, Lee was announced to be returning with his group mates in a Chinese concert that was broadcast on Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) Inkigayo in January 2015. Soon after Shinhwa announced its February 2015 comeback with a full-length album, MBC announced it is lifting the ban on Lee.

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

DVD

Filmography

Film

Television series

Variety shows

MC

Musical

Awards

Notes
 A  The Gaon Music Chart began releasing data in 2010 after the Music Industry Association of Korea stopped compiling data in 2008. Online sources for charts after September 2008 and before January 2010 are currently unavailable.


Gil Wheaton

Gil Wheaton (born 1 November 1941) is an English footballer, who played as a centre half in the Football League for Grimsby Town and Chester.


Lepturges fuchsi

Lepturges fuchsi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Gilmour in 1962.


Jetpooling

Jetpooling (also known as jet-sharing) is an arrangement among a group of jet travelers by which each individual shares the cost of private jet travel by paying on a per seat, pro rata basis. Those included in such arrangements are referred to as 'jetpoolers'. Jetpooling is a fairly new concept (12/2008) that originated as an alternative for air travelers to still enjoy the benefits of travelling on a private jet without paying all of the expenses involved. It was also developed to help offset carbon emissions by allowing people who would otherwise book separate jets, to fly together.

Jetpoolers match flight terms and then enlists an agent to act on their behalf to secure lift for the trip. With jetpooling, flights are not previously booked, per se', rather they are booked once travelers agree on terms (from, to, date, time). No funds change hands amongst the travelers. Flight costs are collected by the agent that secures the jet.

Currently, the most well-known private jet-sharing company is JetSmarter. However, the jetpooling concept has a very poor track-record for success. Names such as DayJet, BlackJet, Indigo, GreenJets, CoGoJets, POGO, ShareAJet Exchange, Jet-It-Together, Airpooler, Avion Private Jet Club, Gotham Air, Club Airways, Beacon, Perfect Jet Travel, Freshjets, JumpJet and SATSair are just some of the many failures witnessed by the business aviation industry.

Jetpooling only applies to aircraft with turbine engines. Some aviation companies may offer a similar product using smaller, piston aircraft, but these offerings do not require DOT/FAA approval to do so. Companies that offer jetpooling using the aforementioned concept must receive DOT/FAA approval in order to legally allow travelers to pay on a per seat, pro rata basis.


Canton of Sarras

The canton of Sarras is an administrative division of the Ardèche department, southern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Sarras.

It consists of the following communes:

Andance
Arras-sur-Rhône
Bogy
Brossainc
Champagne
Charnas
Colombier-le-Cardinal
Eclassan
Félines
Limony
Ozon
Peaugres
Peyraud
Saint-Désirat
Saint-Étienne-de-Valoux
Saint-Jacques-d'Atticieux
Sarras
Serrières
Vinzieux