Planet of the Apes (1968 film)

Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner. It stars Charlton Heston, Roddy McDowall, Kim Hunter, Maurice Evans, James Whitmore, James Daly and Linda Harrison. The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle. Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score. It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973, all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox.

The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-lands on a strange planet in the distant future. Although the planet appears desolate at first, the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech. The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins.

The script, originally written by Serling, underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began. Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached, but the film's producer Arthur P. Jacobs, upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston, chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film. Schaffner's changes included an ape society less advanced—and therefore less expensive to depict—than that of the original novel. Filming took place between May 21 and August 10, 1967, in California, Utah and Arizona, with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. The film's final "closed" cost was $5.8 million.

The film was released in the United States on February 8, 1968, and was a commercial success, earning a lifetime domestic gross of $32.6 million. The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences, launching a film franchise, including four sequels, as well as a short-lived television show, animated series, comic books, and various merchandising. In particular, Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series, appearing in four of the original five films (absent, from the second film of the series, Beneath the Planet of the Apes, in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius), and also in the television series.

The original series was followed by Tim Burton's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot series begun by Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011. Also in 2001, Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Plot

Astronauts Taylor, Landon and Dodge are in deep hibernation when their spaceship crashes into a lake on an unknown planet after a light-speed voyage. They discover their fourth crew mate, Stewart, dead due to a malfunction. The three abandon their ship when it starts sinking; Taylor remains on board long enough to see that the date is November 25, 3978, approximately two millennia after their departure in 1972.

The astronauts set off through a desolate wasteland and discover an oasis in the desert, ignoring eerie scarecrow-like figures around the edge. Their clothes are stolen while they take a swim. The astronauts pursue the thieves, finding their clothes torn to shreds and their supplies pillaged as the perpetrators, a group of mute primitive humans, raid a cornfield. Taylor is shot in the throat and captured by armed gorillas, along with the primitive humans. Dodge is killed and Landon rendered unconscious in the chaos. Taylor is taken to Ape City where he is saved after a blood transfusion administered by two chimpanzees: animal psychologist Zira and surgeon Galen. However, Taylor's throat injury renders him temporarily unable to speak.

Taylor is placed with one of the captive primitive humans, whom he later names Nova. He observes the enhanced society of talking apes and in a strict caste system: the gorillas serving as military forces and labourers; the orangutans overseeing the affairs of government and religion; and intellectual chimpanzees being mostly scientists and doctors. While their society is a theocracy similar to the beginnings of the human Industrial Era, the apes consider the primitive humans as vermin. Humans are hunted, either killed outright, enslaved, or used in scientific experiments. Taylor convinces Zira of his intelligence as she and her fiancé Cornelius, an archaeologist, take an interest in him. Dr. Zaius, their orangutan superior, learns of this and arranges for Taylor to be castrated. Taylor escapes and finds Dodge's stuffed corpse on display in a museum. When Taylor is recaptured, he suddenly regains his speaking abilities and much to the amazement of the onlookers, he shouts: "Take your stinking paws off me, you damn dirty ape!"

A hearing to determine Taylor's origins is convened. Taylor mentions his two comrades, learning that Landon was subjected to a lobotomy that has rendered him catatonic and unable to speak. Believing Taylor to be of a human tribe from beyond their borders, Zaius privately threatens to castrate and lobotomize Taylor for the truth about where he came from. With help from Zira's nephew Lucius, Zira and Cornelius free Taylor and Nova and take them to the Forbidden Zone, a taboo region outside Ape City where Taylor's ship crashed that has been ruled out of bounds for centuries by ape law. While Cornelius and Zira are intent to gather proof of an earlier non-simian civilization which the former came upon a year before to be cleared of heresy, Taylor is more focused on the evolution of the ape world and to prove he is not of that world.

Arriving at the cave, Cornelius is intercepted by Zaius and his soldiers, with Taylor holding them off while threatening to shoot. Zaius agrees to enter the cave to disprove their theories and to avoid physical harm to Cornelius and Zira. Inside, Cornelius displays the remnants of a technologically advanced human society pre-dating simian history. Taylor identifies artifacts such as dentures, eyeglasses, a heart valve, and to the apes' astonishment, a talking children's doll. Zaius admits to Taylor that he always knew of the ancient human civilization. Taylor nonetheless thinks it best to search for answers, despite being warned that he may not like what he finds. Once Taylor and Nova ride off, Dr. Zaius has the gorillas lay explosives to seal off the cave and destroy the evidence while charging Zira, Cornelius and Lucius with heresy.

Taylor and Nova follow the shoreline and discover the remains of the Statue of Liberty, revealing that this "alien" planet is actually Earth long after a nuclear war. Realizing what Zaius meant earlier, Taylor falls to his knees in despair and condemns humanity for destroying the world.

Cast

Charlton Heston as George Taylor

Roddy McDowall as Cornelius
Kim Hunter as Zira
Maurice Evans as Dr. Zaius
James Whitmore as President of the Assembly
James Daly as Honorious

Linda Harrison as Nova

Robert Gunner as Landon
Lou Wagner as Lucius
Woodrow Parfrey as Maximus
Jeff Burton as Dodge
Buck Kartalian as Julius
Norman Burton as Hunt Leader
Wright King as Dr. Galen
Paul Lambert as Minister

Production

Origins
Producer Arthur P. Jacobs bought the rights for the Pierre Boulle novel before its publication in 1963. Jacobs pitched the production to many studios, but was passed over. After Jacobs made a successful debut as a producer doing What a Way to Go! (1964) for 20th Century Fox and begun pre-production of another movie for the studio, Doctor Dolittle, he managed to convince Fox vice-president Richard D. Zanuck to greenlight Planet of the Apes.

One script that came close to being made was written by The Twilight Zone creator Rod Serling, though it was finally rejected for a number of reasons. A prime concern was cost, as the technologically advanced ape society portrayed by Serling's script would have involved expensive sets, props, and special effects. The previously blacklisted screenwriter Michael Wilson was brought in to rewrite Serling's script and, as suggested by director Franklin J. Schaffner, the ape society was made more primitive as a way of reducing costs. Serling's stylized twist ending was retained, and became one of the most famous movie endings of all time. The exact location and state of decay of the Statue of Liberty  changed over several storyboards. One version depicted the statue buried up to its nose in the middle of a jungle while another depicted the statue in pieces.

To convince the Fox Studio that a Planet of the Apes film could be made, the producers shot a brief test scene from a Rod Serling draft of the script, using early versions of the ape makeup, on March 8, 1966. Charlton Heston appeared as an early version of Taylor (named Thomas, as he was in the Serling-penned drafts), Edward G. Robinson appeared as Zaius, while two then-unknown Fox contract actors, James Brolin and Linda Harrison, played Cornelius and Zira. This test footage is included on several DVD releases of the film, as well as the documentary Behind the Planet of the Apes. Linda Harrison, at the time, the girlfriend of studio chief Richard D. Zanuck, went on to play Nova in the 1968 film and its first sequel, and had a cameo in Tim Burton's Planet of the Apes more than 30 years later, which was also produced by Zanuck. Although Harrison often opined that the producers had always had her in mind for the role of Nova, they had, in fact, considered first Ursula Andress, then Raquel Welch, and Angelique Pettyjohn. When these three women proved unavailable or uninterested, Zanuck gave the part to Harrison. Dr. Zaius was originally to have been played by Robinson, but he backed out due to the heavy makeup and long sessions required to apply it. Robinson's final film, Soylent Green (1973), starred his one-time Ten Commandments (1956) co-star, Heston.

Michael Wilson's rewrite kept the basic structure of Serling's screenplay but rewrote all the dialogue and set the script in a more primitive society. According to associate producer Mort Abrahams an additional uncredited writer (his only recollection was that the writer's last name was Kelly) polished the script, rewrote some of the dialogue and included some of the more heavy-handed tongue-in-cheek dialogue ("I never met an ape I didn't like") which wasn't in either Serling or Wilson's drafts. According to Abraham some scenes, such as the one where the judges imitate the "See no evil, speak no evil and hear no evil" monkeys, were improvised on the set by director Franklin J. Schaffner and kept in the final film because of the audience reaction during test screenings prior to release. During filming John Chambers, who designed prosthetic make-up in the film, held training sessions at 20th Century-Fox studios, where he mentored other make-up artists of the film.

Filming

Filming began on May 21, 1967, and ended on August 10, 1967. Most of the early scenes of a desert-like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River, Lake Powell, Glen Canyon and other locations near Page, Arizona Most scenes of the ape village, interiors and exteriors, were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park, northwest of Los Angeles, essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox. The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard with cliffs that towered  above the shore. Reaching the beach on foot was virtually impossible, so cast, crew, film equipment, and even horses had to be lowered in by helicopter. The home movies of Roddy McDowall (on YouTube) show makeup, the Ape Village set and the beach site/set - a wooden ramp was built around the point from Westward Beach to Pirates Cove for access to the beach set. The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the far eastern end of Westward Beach, between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu. As noted in the documentary Behind the Planet of the Apes, the special effect shot of the half-buried statue was achieved by seamlessly blending a matte painting with existing cliffs. The shot looking down at Taylor was done from a  scaffold, angled over a 1/2-scale papier-mache model of the Statue. The actors in Planet of the Apes were so affected by their roles and wardrobe that, when not shooting, they automatically segregated themselves with the species they were portraying.

Taylor's spacecraft
The spacecraft onscreen is never actually named in the film; however, for the 40th anniversary release of the Blu-ray edition of the film, in the short film created for the release titled A Public Service Announcement from ANSA, the ship is named Liberty 1. The ship had originally been called "Immigrant One" in an early draft of the script, and then called "Air Force One" in a test set of Topps Collectible cards, and dubbed "Icarus" by a fan; that name gained popularity among Ape fandom.

Reception

Critical response
Planet of the Apes was met with critical acclaim and is widely regarded as a classic film and one of the best films of 1968, applauded for its imagination and its commentary on a possible world gone upside down. Pauline Kael called it "one of the most entertaining science-fiction fantasies ever to come out of Hollywood." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars out of four and called it "much better than I expected it to be. It is quickly paced, completely entertaining, and its philosophical pretensions don't get in the way." Renata Adler of The New York Times wrote, "It is no good at all, but fun, at moments, to watch." Arthur D. Murphy of Variety called it "an amazing film." He thought the script "at times digresses into low comedy," but "the totality of the film works very well." Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "A triumph of artistry and imagination, it is at once a timely parable and a grand adventure on an epic scale." Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post called it an "amusing and unusually engrossing picture."

, the film held an 88% approval rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 56 reviews with an average rating of 7.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Planet of the Apes raises thought-provoking questions about our culture without letting social commentary get in the way of the drama and action." In 2008, the film was selected by Empire magazine as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time.

Box office
According to Fox records the film required $12,850,000 in rentals to break even and made $20,825,000 so made a considerable profit for the studio.

Accolades
The film won an honorary Academy Award for John Chambers for his outstanding make-up achievement. The film was nominated for Best Costume Design (Morton Haack) and Best Original Score for a Motion Picture (not a Musical) (Jerry Goldsmith). The score is known for its avant-garde compositional techniques, as well as the use of unusual percussion instruments and extended performance techniques, as well as his 12-tone music (the violin part using all 12 chromatic notes) to give an eerie, unsettled feel to the planet, mirroring the sense of placelessness.

American Film Institute Lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies—Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills—#59
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
Colonel George Taylor—Nominated Hero
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
"Take your stinking paws off me, you damned dirty ape!"—#66
AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores—#18
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)—Nominated
AFI's 10 Top 10—Nominated Science Fiction Film

National Film Registry

Among the 25 Films inducted into the Library of Congress for the year 2001.

Legacy

Original series sequels
Writer Rod Serling was brought back to work on an outline for a sequel. Serling's outline was ultimately discarded in favor of a story by associate producer Mort Abrahams and writer Paul Dehn, which became the basis for Beneath the Planet of the Apes. The original film series had four sequels:
Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970)
Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971)
Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972)
Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973)

Television series
Planet of the Apes (1974)
Return to the Planet of the Apes (animated) (1975)

Remake
Planet of the Apes (2001): The film was a re-imagining of the original film, directed by Tim Burton.

Reboot series
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011): A series reboot, directed by Rupert Wyatt, was released on August 5, 2011 to critical and commercial success. It is the first installment in the new series of films.
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014): The second entry in the Planet of the Apes reboot series, directed by Matt Reeves, was released on July 11, 2014.
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017): The third film in the reboot series, directed by Matt Reeves, was released on July 14, 2017.

Documentaries
Behind the Planet of the Apes (1998) A feature-length making-of documentary on the original film and TV series, hosted by Roddy Mcdowall.

Comics
Comic book adaptations of the films were published by Gold Key (1970) and Marvel Comics (b/w magazine 1974-1977, color comic book 1975-76). Malibu Comics reprinted the Marvel adaptations when it held the license in the early 1990s, as well as producing new stories including Ape Nation, a crossover with Alien Nation. Dark Horse Comics published an adaptation for the 2001 Tim Burton film. Currently Boom! Studios has the licensing rights to Planet of the Apes. Its stories tell the tale of Ape City and its inhabitants before Taylor arrived. In July 2014, Boom! Studios and IDW Publishing published a crossover between Planet of the Apes and the original Star Trek series. In 2018, the original 1968 film's unused screenplay by Rod Serling was adapted into a graphic novel entitled Planet of the Apes: Visionaries.

In popular culture
A parody of the film series titled "The Milking of the Planet That Went Ape" was published in Mad Magazine. It was illustrated by Mort Drucker and written by Arnie Kogen in regular issue #157, March 1973.

The Simpsons parodied the film in the episode "A Fish Called Selma". Troy McClure (who appeared in such films as Today We Kill, Tomorrow We Die and Gladys the Groovy Mule) starred in a musical version called Stop the Planet of the Apes, I Want to Get Off.

Gallery


1726 in France

Events from the year 1726 in France.

Incumbents
Monarch: Louis XV

Events

 July 11 – André-Hercule Cardinal de Fleury, recalled from exile by King Louis XV of France, banishes Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon, and Madame de Prie from court.

Births

 January 14 – Jacques-Donatien Le Ray, French supporter of the American Revolution (d. 1803)
 June 20 – Louise Henriette of Bourbon, Duchess of Orléans, mother of Philippe Égalité (d. 1759)
 September 1 – François-André Danican Philidor, French composer and chess player (d. 1795)

Deaths

 January 25 – Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (b. 1675)
 June 18 – Michel Richard Delalande, French organist and composer (b. 1657)


Politics and Prose

Politics and Prose (sometimes stylized as Politics & Prose or abbreviated as P&P) is an independent bookstore located in Chevy Chase, Washington, D.C., on Connecticut Avenue. The store was founded in 1984 by co-owners Carla Cohen and Barbara Meade, who expanded the store fivefold to its present size. After a failed sale attempt in 2005, the two co-owners eventually sold the store to current owners Bradley Graham and Lissa Muscatine in 2011. Politics and Prose is known for its knowledgeable staff and is seen as a part of DC culture. Its author events attract famous speakers, such as Bill Clinton and J.K. Rowling, and have a reputation for their astute audiences.

History

Founding and growth
Carla Cohen, after losing her job with the Carter administration, decided to create an independent bookstore in Washington, D.C., despite having no previous experience with running a business. She partnered with Barbara Meade, whom she found through the classifieds, and who, with her previous experience of managing a bookstore, became a co-owner early on. Cohen decided to name the store Politics and Prose because it was "Washington-sounding" and not pretentious, and the two co-owners founded the store in 1984. Meade worried that the name was a put-off, and the store struggled at first to attract authors to speak at its events and relied on local journalists to publicize the location. The store's original location in the Forest Hills neighborhood was across the street from its current spot, and in 1989, Politics and Prose moved to their present larger location after finding success. The store merged with a nearby children's bookstore, the Cheshire Cat, and incorporated its staff in 1990.

Failed sale attempt

Business continued to be successful during the late 1990s as other independent bookstores fell by the wayside and companies like Barnes & Noble expanded. Cohen and Meade decided to sell the store to Danny Gainsburg, who was selling his T-shirt business so he would be able to afford the cost of the store. The co-owners made an agreement with Gainsburg that he would gain control of the store if he was able to function amicably with the rest of the staff. Cohen and Meade set him up in a part-time position to see how he would interact with the employees and sold him an equity stake in the business without informing the other staff members. Gainsburg was pressured to leave by the staff after he kissed an employee on her birthday. The three co-owners agreed that Gainsburg should resign, and Gainsburg received back his initial investment plus a premium. Gainsburg said to the Wall Street Journal, "We all started with good motives, but there was lots of naiveté on all sides." In 2006, a year after the botched sale attempt, Cohen and Meade both decided to hold onto the store as sole co-owners for at least three to five more years and met with an outside consultant to devise an eventual exit strategy.

New ownership

In June 2010, Cohen and Meade announced their intention to sell the store. Cohen became seriously ill around this time, and it contributed to the timing of their decision to sell. Jim Lehrer wrote of the impending sale, "...putting Politics and Prose up for sale is like putting the Washington Monument up for sale." There was considerable speculation in the media about possible buyers for the store. There were reportedly over 50 inquiries by October into the possible purchase of the store from Meade and Cohen's husband, David, who inherited her stake in the store after her death from cancer.

It was announced on March 28, 2011 that two former employees of The Washington Post, Lissa Muscatine, and her husband, Bradley Graham, had purchased the store from Meade and David Cohen. The store was reportedly sold for $2 million, although price was not the main factor in the selection of new owners. Meade fully retired from work in the store on December 31, 2012. Graham and Muscatine have added literary classes and trips since purchasing the store.

Expansion
The new co-owners, Graham and Muscatine, began to look at opening branch locations soon after purchasing the store. They considered an expansion of Politics & Prose into a Georgetown location but decided against it. In 2014, Politics and Prose announced that it would be operating satellite stores inside of Busboys and Poets locations throughout the city called "Politics and Prose @ Busboys and Poets". In May 2017, Politics & Prose announced that they would be opening a new branch at Union Market in the fall of 2017. Politics & Prose announced plans for a third location to open in October 2017 at The Wharf, a new development at the Southwest Waterfront.

Services and reputation

Politics and Prose has a reputation for staff who are able to recommend books to customers. The 14,000 square foot space contains an Espresso Book Machine for on-demand printing of self-published and out-of-print books and a cafe on the first floor of the building called "Modern Times" in addition to space for books. A Washington Post review of the cafe in 2006 reacted favorably to changes to the menu.

The store is famous for its author events, in which writers usually read an excerpt from their book and take questions from the audience. The Washington Post notes that as the talks gained prominence and the store grew more popular, Cohen and Meade, the original co-owners, "became known as literary tastemakers". C-SPAN broadcasts around five of the talks a month, and the store has gained a reputation for having astute and smart audiences present at readings. Famous readers at its author events have included politicians such as Presidents Bill Clinton and Barack Obama, UK statesman Boris Johnson, and former Senator Edward Brooke, as well as authors J.K. Rowling, Salman Rushdie, and Amy Chua, photographer Annie Leibovitz, and investigative reporter David Halberstam. Cohen in the past refused to allow prominent writers to appear in the store, such as Matt Drudge, ostensibly because of their conservative leanings.

Politics and Prose is often seen to be an important stop for authors publicizing their work and is regarded as being a significant part of DC culture. New owners Bradley Graham and Lissa Muscatine were ranked #50 on GQs "The 50 Most Powerful People in Washington" because of their purchase of Politics and Prose, describing the store as "...liberal Washington's most sacred space." The New Yorkers Hendrik Hertzberg commented on the unusually intelligent questions from the audience at readings, and Slates editor in 2007, said: "If there's one bookstore in the city you want to read in, it's obviously the place."


Heiri Suter

Heinrich 'Heiri' Suter (10 July 1899  – 6 November 1978) was a Swiss road racing cyclist. Excelling mainly in the classics, Suter was the first non-Belgian winner of the Tour of Flanders in 1923. Two weeks after his win in the Tour of Flanders, he won Paris–Roubaix, becoming the first cyclist to win both classics in the same year. He also holds a record six victories in Züri-Metzgete, Switerland's most important one-day race.

Suter won 58 professional races, including:
 Grand Prix Wolber (unofficial world championship): (1922, 1925)
 Road champion of Switzerland: (1920, 1921, 1922, 1926, 1929)
 motor-paced champion of Switzerland: (1932, 1933)
 Züri-Metzgete: (1919, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1928, 1929)
 Paris–Roubaix: (1923)
 Tour of Flanders: (1923)
 Bordeaux–Paris (1925)
 Paris–Tours: (1926, 1927)

Career

1919
 1st - Züri-Metzgete
 1st — Grand Prix Aurore
 1st — Tour de Zürich
1920
  National road champion
 1st - Züri-Metzgete
 1st — Tour du Nord-Ouest
1921
  National road champion
 1st — Grand Prix Aurore
 1st — Tour de Zürich
 1st — Tour du Nord-Ouest
 1st — Genève-Zürich
 1st — Tour de Suisse Orientale
 1st — Prix de Génève
1922
 1st - Grand Prix Wolber
  National road champion
 1st - Züri-Metzgete
 1st — Tour du Nord-Ouest
 1st — Circuit de Neuchâtel
 1st — Circuit de Fribourg
 1st — Circuit du Vaudois
 1st — Munich-Zürich
 1st, 2 stages — Paris-Saint-Etienne
1923
 1st - Tour of Flanders
 1st - Paris–Roubaix
 1st — Tour du Nord-Ouest
 1st — Zürich-Munich
 1st — Prix de Génève
1924
 1st - Züri-Metzgete
 1st — Circuit de Champagne (1st, 2 Stages)
 1st — Tour du Lac Léman
 1st — Grand Prix Griffon
 1st — Zürich-La Chaux-de-Fonds
 1st, 3 stages — Bordeaux-Marseille
 1st — Prix de Génève
1925
 1st - Grand Prix Wolber
 1st - Bordeaux–Paris
 1st — Circuit de Champagne
 1st — Circuit du Vaudois
1926
  National road champion
 1st - Paris–Tours
 1st — Tour de Cologne
 1st — Circuit de Cologne
 1st — Tour de Francfort
 1st — Tour du Württemberg
 1st — Circuit de la Montagne
 1st — Grand Prix Yverdon
1927
 1st - Paris–Tours
 1st — Tour du Lac Léman
 1st — Grand Prix Yverdon
 1st — Tour de Francfort
1928
 1st - Züri-Metzgete
1929
  National road champion
 1st - Züri-Metzgete
 1st — Tour du Nord-Ouest
 1st — Tour du Lac Léman
 1st — Circuit Franco-Suisse
1929
 1st — Tour du Lac Léman
1932
  National motor-paced champion
1933
  National motor-paced champion


Woodland Shale

The Woodland Shale is a geologic formation in Jamaica. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cretaceous period.


Roaring Branch, Pennsylvania

Roaring Branch is an unincorporated community in Tioga and Lycoming Counties, Pennsylvania, United States.


Fording River coal mine

The Fording River Coal Mine is a coal mine located in British Columbia, Canada. The mine has coal reserves amounting to 263.8 million tonnes of coking coal, one of the largest coal reserves in Canada and the world. The mine has an annual production capacity of 8.34 million tonnes of coal.


Paseo Stadium

Paseo Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Agana, Guam.  It is currently used mostly for baseball matches.  In the late 1970s with baseball popularity soaring and the success of the Guam Major League (GML) and youth baseball, the need for a new Guam baseball facility was in demand. The new Paseo Stadium, located at the Paseo de Susana in Hagatna replaced the old Paseo Ballpark on the same site. The old ballpark was falling into disrepair. The once-proud facility, tarnished through time, featured rusted steel girders and rock-hard wood-planked bleachers, which seated 1,100 baseball fans.

The new Paseo Stadium construction was a special project spearheaded by Guam Housing and Urban Renewal Authority (GHURA) chairman Mr. Robert J. Torres. With 1.2 million dollars in funding from GHURA and the Government of Guam Department of Commerce, along with full support from Governor Paul Calvo, the new stadium was constructed in 1981. The new baseball facility featured locker and shower rooms, concession booths, offices, walk-in dugouts and an elevated press box. The new stadium was constructed within the confines of the upgraded Paseo Ballpark 1979 lighting system. Only one of the existing light poles was relocated to accommodate the new Paseo Stadium space requirements. The new concrete and hollow-block facility originally featured aluminum bench seating. With additional portable bleachers, the facility capacity was increased to 2,800 seats. Years later the stadium seating was upgraded to individual stadium seats thus increasing spectator comfort while reducing original seating capacity.

On January 9, 1982, the sparkling new Paseo Stadium opened with the start of the 1982 Guam Major league baseball season. Before a twin-bill opening day crowd of 1,327 fans, the Atkins Kroll Islanders behind the pitching of Eddie Aguon defeated the Miller Stars 4-1. The University of Guam Tritons outscored the Ace Hardware Aces 10-8 in the second game.

May 12, 1987, saw the largest crowd ever to attend a baseball game at the Paseo. An overflow standing room only crowd of 4,397 fans, many on the outfield wall and scoreboard, jammed Paseo Stadium for the GML Championship series seventh and deciding game between the Pepsi Giants and the University of Guam.

Over the years, the Paseo Stadium has served as venue for baseball tournaments such as the Micronesian Games, Mobil Games, Little League regional playoff games and the Western Pacific Invitational Baseball Tournament. In June 1999, the facility hosted the first ever South Pacific Games (SPG) baseball tournament. Just days later the stadium served as venue for the 1999 Baseball Confederation of Oceania (BCO) championship tournament. The Guam national team captured both tournaments with stunning come-from-behind victories over American Samoa for SPG gold and the BCO title.


Kiichiro Toyama

Kiichiro Toyama (22 November 1909 – 15 September 1999) was a Japanese gymnast. He competed in eight events at the 1936 Summer Olympics.


Nim Farsakhi

Nim Farsakhi (, also Romanized as Nīm Farsakhī; also known as Mazra‘eh Rime Farsakh, Mazra‘eh-ye Nīm Farsakh, Nīm Farsakh, and Nīm Farsangī) is a village in Aliabad Rural District, in the Central District of Taft County, Yazd Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its existence was noted, but its population was not reported.


The Minsk Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus, commonly referred to as the Minsk CPB obkom, was the highest authority in the Minsk Region of the Byelorussian SSR in the Soviet Union.

The position of First Secretary was created in 1938, and abolished on 25 August 1991. The First Secretary was considered the de facto governor of the Minsk region. The First Secretary was appointed by the Politburo.

First Secretaries


Grimpella

Grimpella thaumastocheir, the velvet octopus, is the only species in the monotypic genus Grimpella, in the family Octopodidae. This species has a typical body length of 200 mm.  It is an found in offshore waters and is endemic to the seas off southeastern and southwestern Australia.


Georg Klein (writer)

Georg Klein (Augsburg 29 March 1953) in a German novelist. He lives in Jemgum. His wife Katrin de Vries is also a writer. In September 2012 he was keynote speaker at the British Council sponsored Edinburgh World Writers' Conference in Berlin. Having worked for many years as a ghost-writer Georg Klein was discovered in 2001 with his detective story "Barbar Rosa."

Awards

 1999: Brüder-Grimm-Preis der Stadt Hanau
 2000: Ingeborg-Bachmann-Preis
 2010: Preis der Leipziger Buchmesse for Fiction
 2012: :de:Niedersächsischer Staatspreis

Works
 Libidissi. novel. Fest, Berlin 1998.
 Anrufung des blinden Fisches. short stories. Fest, Berlin 1999.
 Barbar Rosa. Eine Detektivgeschichte. Fest, Berlin 2001.
 Von den Deutschen. short stories. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2002.
 Die Sonne scheint uns. novel. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2004.
 Sünde Güte Blitz. novel. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2007.
 Schlimme schlimme Medien. 2-CD-Set. supposé, Köln 2007.
 Nacht mit dem Schandwerker. In: Johannes Ullmaier (ed.: Schicht! Arbeitsreportagen für die Endzeit. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2007, S. 238-258
 Roman unserer Kindheit. novel. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2010.
 Die Logik der Süße. short stories. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2010.
 Schund & Segen  77 Abverlangte Texte. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2013,
 Die Zukunft des Mars. novel. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2013,
 Miakro. novel. Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg 2018,

External links
 Bachmannpreis 2000
 Georg Klein im Augsburg-Wiki (German)


Narciso González

Narciso González (born 29 October 1971) is a Mexican boxer. He competed in the men's flyweight event at the 1992 Summer Olympics.


2002 attack on American cultural centre in Kolkata

Four police constables and a private security guard were killed and 20 other people injured when, on 22 January 2002, Islamic militants attacked an American cultural centre in Kolkata, India. The centre houses a library, the American embassy's public affairs office, a press section and a cultural wing.

Two motorcycle-borne attackers, draped in shawls, sped up to the American Centre building at about 6:15 IST, refusing to stop at checkpoints and began shooting at police guards from an AK-47 assault rifle who returned fire. Four of the dead were Kolkata police constables while the one of the dead belonged to a private security agency Group Four. The constables killed in the attack were identified as Pijush Sarker, Ujjal Burman, Suresh Hembram and Anup Mondal and belonged to the 5th battalion of Kolkata Armed Police.

Two groups claimed responsibility for the attack. A Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami (HUJI) member, Farhan Malik owned responsibility and said the attack was in protest against "the evil empire of America", while another person claiming to be a member of Asif Raza Commandos, a gang with ties to radical Islamic groups, claimed responsibility. Malik was also wanted in connection with a case of kidnapping a Kolkata shoe baron Partha Pratim Roy Barman, who was later released on a ransom of  37.5 million.

Four days after the attack, two men — Salim and Zahid — were killed in an encounter with a Delhi police team in Hazaribagh in Jharkhand. The police had come to know about the involvement of Aftab Ansari in the American Centre attack from the dying declarations of Salim and Zahid.

On 23 January 2002, Aftab Ansari alias Farhan Malik, prime suspect in the attack was arrested in Dubai. On 9 February 2002, he was deported to India. Ansari was in possession of Pakistani travel documents with his passport number J872142, being issued in Lahore in February, 2000, in the name of Shafiq Mohammad Rana.

On 28 April 2005, a Special CBI Court found Aftab Ansari and six others guilty for the attack. Aftab Ansari and Jamiluddin Nasir were sentenced to death under Section 121 of the Indian Penal Code for waging war against the state. The others sentenced along with Ansari are: Rehan Alam, Musharat Hussain, Adil Hasan, Hasrat Alam and Shakir Akhtar.

On 5 February 2010, the Calcutta High Court upheld the death sentence of Aftab Ansari and Jamiluddin Nasir but commuted the capital punishment awarded to three others to seven years imprisonment.


Shadowpact

The Shadowpact is a fictional group of magic-based heroes who fought against the Spectre in the 2005 limited series Day of Vengeance, published by DC Comics. They are a sort of Justice League for the supernatural elements of the DC Universe. Some of the team members are Homo magi.

Their self-titled series ended in May 2008, after 25 issues and a 2-year run, but the team appeared in the Reign in Hell mini-series in July 2008.

History
The group is founded on a spur of the moment impulse by Enchantress, Ragman, and Detective Chimp to get rid of the Spectre because of his decision to destroy all magic in the universe. They are joined by Blue Devil, Nightshade, and Nightmaster, who christens the group the "Shadowpact".

During the course of the story, it is revealed by the wizard Shazam that the name "Shadowpact" has been used repetitively throughout history by groups of mystics who champion lost causes.

In their fight with the Spectre, the group is aided by others such as the Phantom Stranger, who advises Detective Chimp when he has been transformed into a rodent; Captain Marvel; the wizard Shazam; and Black Alice. At the end of the limited series, only the six core members remain with the team. The Phantom Stranger, returning to human form, continues to advise the group. Captain Marvel is defeated by the Spectre as he tries to defend the Rock of Eternity. The wizard Shazam is also defeated by the Spectre. Black Alice, after witnessing the final battle on the Rock from afar with the Shadowpact, leaves to be with her father in Dayton, Ohio, without formally joining the team.

The debris from the Rock of Eternity falls as far as El Paso, Texas. There, the Pact leaps into action when half a skyscraper begins to fall. Superman saves the day, repairing the building at super-speed. The Pact assures him they will stay and protect El Paso. Behind them, unnoticed, the Blue Beetle scarab is found by a teenager named Jaime Reyes.

Some time afterward, the Shadowpact helps Robin in rounding up meta-humans in Blüdhaven, right before the city is destroyed. During the adventure, they are again aided by another magic-based hero, the Warlock's Daughter.

The Shadowpact are headquartered in the Oblivion Bar, a hangout for mystics with a secret entrance in Gotham City. Jim Rook was the owner of the bar. During the team's one-year absence (see below), a flipper-armed conjurer named Eddie Deacon took over. Deacon retains ownership, despite Rook's return. Rook works to reclaim the bar by not advising Deacon how to run it; for example, Deacon does not know the code to dial earthly phones. The Shadowpact does not take the bar by force, for Deacon has the ability to telekinetically squeeze small things, such as airways.

Day of Vengeance Special

In the Day of Vengeance Special, the Shadowpact members join other magic users in trying to rebuild the Rock of Eternity after it shatters over Gotham City. Under the guidance of the Phantom Stranger, the gathered heroes split into three groups: one led by Zatanna to gather and reassemble all the pieces of the Rock and its contents; one to act as bait for the Seven Deadly Sins; and one, composed of the Phantom Stranger and the Shadowpact, to actually trap the Sins. The plan works well, with Zatanna’s team making relatively short work of the retrieval and reconstruction. After capturing Greed, Nightshade is attacked and abducted by Felix Faust and the Demons Three, who deliver her to Alexander Luthor, Jr., who incorporates her into his multiverse power battery.

With the Rock of Eternity restored, Zatanna tells Captain Marvel that he will have to remain inside it to make sure the wild magic it holds remains contained. While the Rock is being restored, Nabu, the last Lord of Order, confronts the Spectre. He goads the Spectre to the point where the Spectre kills him. This act has two results. First, it forces the Presence to notice what the Spectre has been doing and place him in a new host, Crispus Allen. Second, it signals the end of the Ninth Age and the Dawn of the Tenth. Making it to the Rock, Nabu has time before he dies to explain to the heroes what has happened to the Spectre, and to charge Detective Chimp with choosing a new Doctor Fate. Finding that the Helm of Fate does not fit him, Detective Chimp gives it to Captain Marvel to throw from the Rock and let it fall to Earth, letting fate itself choose the new Doctor Fate.

Shadowpact series

A Shadowpact ongoing series saw publication in May 2006. The team is now operating out of the back of the Oblivion Bar.

In the first arc, a villain group known as the Pentacle, whose members mirror the Shadowpact, is introduced. The Pentacle, led by the sorceress Strega, forms a nearly impenetrable shield of solid blood over Riverrock, Wyoming, and systematically begins to kill the townspeople as a means to summon Strega's master, the Lord of Light. The Shadowpact enter the town with the help of the Phantom Stranger. The Shadowpact is captured by the Pentacle, with the exception of Detective Chimp, who was taken away by Karnevil, who tortures him. In his magical imprisonment, the White Rabbit proposes to free the Shadowpact members so that the Nightmaster hones his skills and meet him on a future match. Nightmaster agrees, and following their release, Enchantress attacks White Rabbit because she distrusts him. After that, they find Chimp and overpower the Pentacle, Enchantress breaks Strega’s spell, but the necromantic nature of the magic meant that to avoid having to kill anyone to undo the spell, she is forced to instead take one year (which passes immediately) from the life of everyone in the town.

In their next storyline, the members of the Shadowpact have found themselves targeted by a whole host of villains including Blue Moon, Wild Huntsman, and the Congregation. They are all following the orders of Doctor Gotham, a new villain who has spent millennia underground—claiming responsibility for Gotham's dark nature as he 'slept' under the city—and has now set his sights on getting rid of the Shadowpact. Strega has also been revealed to be his ally, and he was responsible for the previous threats that the Shadowpact thwarted. During this arc, Enchantress and Ragman are both turned into hellhounds by the Wild Huntsman, and Nightshade, Blue Devil, and Ragman are all blinded by the Congregation. Despite these injuries, the Shadowpact manage to force the Congregation to retreat. With help from Madame Xanadu, they manage to cure their blinded teammates and, despite all their recent troubles, the Shadowpact now find themselves in a stronger position in the magical order. Enchantress gained the possession of the Herne-Ramsgate Cauldron from Nightwitch, which gives the Shadowpact access to information on every magical creature in the DC Universe, while Detective Chimp and Nightmaster have studied tactical and superhero strategies in order to mold the Shadowpact into the best team possible. A part of this was writing the "Three Universal Laws of Superheroics", a tip of the hat to Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, as recited by Detective Chimp.

Checkmate deputizes the Shadowpact in order for them to assist the Black Queen in infiltrating Kobra. The team originally thinks this will be a one time arrangement, but Checkmate's Black Queen informs them that they will serve Checkmate for as long as they are needed, to the annoyance of the Enchantress.

The Burning Age
In the final storyline before the book was canceled, the Phantom Stranger brings the Shadowpact teams of 1908 and 2108 to the present in order to combat the Sun King, revealed as the power behind Doctor Gotham. In the final battle, various Shadowpact teams from throughout history are united, fighting the Sun King in multiple timezones simultaneously.

After his defeat, the Phantom Stranger reveals that this has changed history, and previous Shadowpacts are no longer remembered as failures.

Membership

Founding members
Blue Devil Daniel Cassidy is a former Hollywood stuntman cursed by the demon Neron, now demoted to a Rhyming Demon.
Detective Chimp Bobo T. Chimpanzee is the world's greatest simian detective.
Enchantress June Moone, given great power by a mysterious magical being.
Nightmaster Jim Rook, wielder of the "Nightblade", former leader of the Shadowpact and former owner of the Oblivion Bar.
Nightshade Eve Eden, refugee from the Land of the Nightshades and former government operative.
Ragman Rory Regan, latest in a long line of redeemers who use the "Great Collector Artifact" to fight evil.

Later members
Acheron Professes to be a powerful ghost, but not in the Spectre's league. He is able to create illusions and become intangible.
Midnight Rider Elias Stone, wields a pair of enchanted six-shooters he calls "Ghost Pistols" that only appear at night. Whoever or whatever is shot by them turns to stone and reverts to normal when the sun's rays shine down on them.
Warlock's Daughter Laura Fell (born Darla Aquista) is the former acolyte of Johnny Warlock. Laura and Johnny share the same power source and were both confined at the Dark Tower.
Zauriel The fallen angel and former member of the JLA who was sent by heaven to kill Blue Devil, but joined as his replacement while Blue Devil sorted out his own issues.

Other members
Forth
Magic Man
Red Devil
Sentinel
Shadow Man
Gray Shadow
Mike Grodd
Boubert
Galdun
Shadow Woman
Nova Man
Red Shadow
Visionary
Light Star
Hard Man

Other versions
Shadowpact appears in the Smallville Season 11 comics continuum with John Zatara, Mister Bones and Felix Faust as their initial members during World War 2. Under the command of the man who would be Mister Bones, they operated as an anti-occult task force that both Bones and Faust sold their souls to Lord Hades leaving John to leave after their first mission against the Thule Society. In the present day, D.E.O. Director Bones (now with invisible skin thanks to failing Hades) and the immortal Faust clash while John died years before passing his mantle to his daughter.

Collected editions

The Day of Vengeance series has also been collected into a single volume:
 Day of Vengeance (collects Day of Vengeance #1-6, Action Comics #826, Adventures of Superman #639, Superman #216), 224 pages, December 2005,


Carleton H. Sheets

Carleton H. Sheets (born August 25, 1939)(died January 25, 2020) was a prominent real estate investor and author who was notable for television infomercials which marketed real estate business learning materials. Sheets has appeared on numerous radio and television talk shows. His No Down Payment television program won numerous awards and is credited as being the longest running program of its kind- spanning 25 years.

Sheets was born in Illinois and moved to Delaware, Ohio, where his father worked for Procter & Gamble. One of his early jobs was marketing soft-drink bottle caps and later became director of marketing for a Florida company that was a major processor of orange juice. In the 1970s, he started investing in property, and in the early 1980s he worked as a pitchman for a company that represented the real estate authority Robert G. Allen, an early advocate of the "no-money-down" path to financial success.

In 1984 Sheets teamed up with businessmen from Chicago, Mark S. Holecek and Donald R. Strumillo, to form their venture "Professional Education Institute." The privately held "Professional Education Institute" is incorporated as AMS Direct, Inc. It was founded in 1983 and is based in Burr Ridge, Illinois with coaching locations and operations in Salt Lake City, Utah. The Better Business Bureau has reported hundreds of complaints from customers of Mr. Sheets and P.E.I., many of them contending that they were overbilled and had difficulties securing refunds. A few state attorney general offices say they have received a handful of similar complaints over the years.


Mijo Babić

Marijan Mijo Babić (1903–1941), nicknamed Giovanni, was a deputy of the Croatian fascist dictator (poglavnik ()) Ante Pavelić, and the first commander of all concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia. He was head of the Third Bureau of the Ustasha Surveillance Service (), and was also a member of the Main Ustaše Headquarters, one of the two main deputies of Pavelić.

Murder of Toni Šlegel

On 22 March 1929, Babić and Matija Soldina murdered Toni Schlegel, the chief editor of Novosti and president of Jugoslovenska štampa,  in Zagreb. At that time, Babić was a chauffeur for the Siemens plant in Zagreb and, according to official reports, he murdered one and wounded another of the policemen who came to arrest him, and managed to escape. Babić fled to Italy where he stayed until Yugoslavias entry into World War II. Italian police considered Babić a very dangerous man who was capable of the worst crimes.

Planning
While in Italy, Ustaše spent years planning for a genocidal campaign in their native country and trained a small band of followers for a takeover. As early as 1932, Babić, as one of the propagandists of Pavelić, had written:

Concentration camps
Babić participated in preparations for the establishment of Danica concentration camp.
At the end of May or beginning of June 1941, he went to Pag island, based on the order of Andrija Artuković, where he established Slana concentration camp. Babić also organized the Kruščica concentration camp near Travnik.

Blagaj massacre

Babić had an important role in the Blagaj massacre on 9 May 1941. Against Pavelićs order, Babić brought several trucks of Ustaše from Zagreb to massacre 520 Serb peasants in the region of Kordun, where they had lived together with Croats for many centuries.

Killing of Serbs in Eastern Herzegovina

Organized by Babić, Ivo Herenčić, Jure Francetić and other Ustaše officers, killings of Serbs were extensive in Eastern Herzegovina.

In June 1941, Babić and a group of Ustaše officers, based on the order of Andrija Artuković, went to Herzegovina to organize killings of its Serb population. On 16 or 17 June 1941, Babić came to Čapljina. He and other Ustaše commanders had been instructed to suppress rebellions and undertake the complete extermination of the Serb population of the region and settle people from other parts who would be loyal to the Ustaše movement.

June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina

Babić and a group of Ustaše officers were organizing a struggle against rebels during the June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina.

According to Vladimir Dedijer, Babić was killed by a rebel unit commanded by Dukica Graovac. Babić's machine gun, a present from Ante Pavelić, was first taken by Vlado Šegrt and later by Spira Srzentić. Babić held the rank of Major at the time of his death. His body was transported through Sarajevo to Zagreb where Pavelić ordered eight days of mourning for members of his Bodyguard Battalion. A newspaper in Croatia dedicated a whole page to Babić's "heroic" death in a battle against "Serbian Chetniks".


Hedong Sports Centre

Hedong Sports Centre (Simplified Chinese: 河东体育中心) is a multi-use stadium in Tianjin, China.  It is currently used mostly for soccer matches. The stadium holds 12,000 people.

Footnotes


Chaibate

Chaibate is a small town and rural commune in El Jadida Province of the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 9590 people living in 1738 households.


1996 Hungarian Grand Prix

The 1996 Hungarian Grand Prix (formally the XII Marlboro Magyar Nagydíj) was a Formula One motor race held at the Hungaroring, Mogyoród, Budapest, Hungary on 11 August 1996. It was the twelfth race of the 1996 Formula One World Championship and the eleventh Hungarian Grand Prix.

The 77-lap race was won by Jacques Villeneuve, driving a Williams-Renault, after starting from third position. Villeneuve's teammate and Drivers' Championship leader Damon Hill finished second, with Jean Alesi third in a Benetton-Renault. This was Williams' fifth 1–2 finish of the season, and it secured their fourth Constructors' Championship in five years.

Classification

Qualifying

Race

Championship standings after the race
Bold text indicates the World Champions.

Drivers' Championship standings

Constructors' Championship standings


Rediu (Dobrovăț)

The Rediu is a right tributary of the river Dobrovăț in Romania. It flows into the Dobrovăț in Codăești. Its length is  and its basin size is . The Rediu and Tăcuta dams are located on this river.


Pseudatemelia amparoella

Pseudatemelia amparoella is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It was described by Vives in 1986. It is found on the Iberian Peninsula.


Gianni Stecchi

Gianni Stecchi (born 3 March 1958) is a retired Italian pole vaulter.

Biography
He won one medal at the International athletics competitions. He is the father of Claudio Stecchi.

Achievements

National championships
He has won 3 times the individual national championship.
2 wins in pole vault (1986, 1987)
1 win in pole vault indoor (1987)


Adharvam

Adharvam (Malayalam: അഥര്‍വ്വം) is a 1989 Malayalam drama film directed by Dennis Joseph and written by Shibu Chakravarthy, starring Mammootty, Ganesh Kumar, Charuhasan, Silk Smitha, Thilakan, and Parvathy. Mammootty played the role of Anantha Padmanabhan, an expert in mystic tantric rituals. The songs and background score of the movie were by Ilaiyaraaja.

Plot
Thevalli Namboodiri( Charuhasan) is a renowned Astrologer, one day while helping the people of his village to find the root cause of some mishaps, Thevalli finds out that the problems are due the black magic and other tantric kriyas performed by Mekkadan Namboodiri, on the request of the villagers Thevalli goes to meet Mekkadan who is also a childhood friend, but Mekkadan does not value the words of Thevalli and more over tell him that his illicit son born out of a low caste woman Malu (Jayabharathi) will become his disciple and practice these dark arts. Thevalli gets concerned, during the Upanayanam of his actual son, he sees his illicit son also, Thevalli decides to teach both of them the 3 Vedas to he tries to develop both the sons to be illustrious on the advice of his mentor Thirumeni (Jose Prakash). Anantha padmanabhan (Mammootty) who is the illicit son of Thevalli becomes a master of vedas and Tantric painting, he loves the daughter of Putthedan Namboodiri (Jagannatha Varma) who is an aristocratic bramhin and loathes Anantha Padmanabha. While Vishnu the second son studies in the city where he loves a girl Usha(Parvathy). One day while a Thevalli is doing a prashanam (astrological prediction) asks Ananthan for an opinion in front of all the assembled nambodiris, Puthedan insults Ananthan based on his birth, Anathan leaves abruptly, he is followed by Mekkadan who sympathises with him and welcomes him to study atharvaveda. Later when Anathan and his lover are caught by the Putheddan, who drags his daughter away and beats up Ananthan and burns his house, anathan's old mother is not able to escape and dies in the fire. This prompts Ananthan to seek vengeance and wreak havoc in his village, he seeks out Mekkadan, and offers to become his disciple, they move on to a remote location and practice Dark Magic. Later on Mekkadan dies, but Anathan continues this leads to severe calamities and deaths in his village.  Anathan uses his power and magic to keep the tribals around his house happy and sevre him. The daughter of the tribal chief Ponni (Silk Smitha) offers herself to Anathan who maintains his celibacy and uses Ponni for advanced Abhichara Karma. To put a stop to all this Thevalli asks his younger son to meet his elder brother and dissuade him from destroying the village. Vishnu along with his friends travel to the forests where the house of Ananthan is located, the tribals refuse to help them. Anathan himself comes and warns Vishnu not to interfere. Friends of Anathan hurt the village chief badly to make sure Anathamn leaves his house to treat the chief. While Anathan is away from his home Vishnu and his friends enter the house and revoke a counter tantric measures, in spite of Vishnu's warning when his friend removes the magical protection which saves the house from the destructive powers of nature, he is killed by an entity. As a result, a storm wreaks havoc in the entire area. Vishnu places Ushan inside a magical circle for her protection, Usha awakens the destructive powers of nature when she places a circle inside a Tantric kalam. This releases all the entities who were enslaved by Ananthan seeking revenge. While returning Ananthan understands that someone has entered his mansion, while crossing the river with ponni the boat overturns and she dies.  Another friend of Vishnu is killed by Tribals, Anathan who reaches the mansion find the all the entities enslaved by him are trying to get their revenge, after instructing Vishnu to seek blessing of the Devi Idol in the basement of his house. Ananthan leads away all the powers to a remote place, understanding his mistake of using the power of nature to destroy he offers himself as to the Goddess, lightning strikes and burns him alive. The entities destroy the whole mansion of Ananthan. Vishnu and Usha who seek refuge at the feet of the Goddess are saved.

Cast
Mammootty as Anantha Padmanabhan
Charuhasan as Thevalli (Voice dubbed by Narendra Prasad)
Ganesh Kumar as Vishnu
Silk Smitha as Ponni
Parvathy as Usha
Jayabharathi as Malu
Thilakan as Mekkadan
Jagannatha Varma as Putthedan
Jose Prakash as Thirumeni
Sukumari as Thevalli's wife
Kiran Vergis as young Anantha Padmanabhan
Kunchan as Subramani
Trichur Elsi
 Baby Abhijit Venu as Mythreyan

Crew
 Direction: Dennis Joseph
 Screenplay: Shibu Chakravarthy
 Story: Shibu Chakravarthy
 Producer: Eerally Balan
 Music: Ilaiyaraaja
 Editing: K. Shankunny
 Cinematography: Anandakuttan, A. Vincent, Ajayan Vincent
 Art Direction: Rajeev Anchal
 Makeup: M. O. Devassiya
 Stunts: A. R. Basha

Soundtrack
The songs were composed by Ilaiyaraaja and lyrics were written by O. N. V. Kurup.
"Puzhayorathil" - K. S. Chithra
"Ambilikkalayum Neerum" - K. S. Chithra
"Om Midhye" - P. Jayachandran, Ilaiyaraaja
"Poovayi Virinju" - M. G. Sreekumar, Ilaiyaraaja

External links

 http://popcorn.oneindia.in/title/5857/adharvam.html


Bijay Biswaal

Bijayananda Biswaal better known as Bijay Biswaal is an Indian painter and artist. He worked as a Chief Ticket Inspector at Indian Railways at Nagpur. He voluntarily retired from Indian Railways to continue painting.

Early life
Bijay was born at Pallahara in the Angul district of the Indian state of Odisha.

Work
Bijay Biswaal's work is mainly comprised on Indian railway and mainly themed on the rural life of India.

Awards
Biswaal was felicitated by the Government of Odisha for his painting works. He also got a special mention in the show Mann Ki Baat by Narendra Modi for his paintings.


Kazim Mammadov

Kazim Mammadov () (1 October 1969, Bëyuk Mardzhanly, Jabrayil District, Azerbaijan – 15 November 1991, Dərəkənd, Khojavend, Azerbaijan) was the National Hero of Azerbaijan, and warrior of the Nagorno Karabakh War.

Early life and education
Kazim Mammadov was born on 1 October 1969 in Bëyuk Mardzhanly village of Jabrayil District of Azerbaijan SSR. In 1986, he completed his secondary education at Bëyuk Mardzhanly village secondary school. From 1988 through 1990, Mammadov served in the Soviet Armed Forces. After completing his military service, he returned to Ganja, Azerbaijan.

Nagorno Karabakh war
The Armenians attacked the territories of Azerbaijan in 1991. At that time, he started to work as a police officer in the Jabrayil District Internal Affairs Department, and was assigned to the frontlines. Mammadov took part in several battles around the villages of Khojavend District.

On November 15, 1991, Mammadov was killed in a fight when Armenian soldiers attacked the Darakand village of Khojavend District.

Honors
By the Decree of the President of Azerbaijan No. 264 dated October 8, 1992, Mammadov was posthumously awarded the title of the National Hero of Azerbaijan.

He was buried at a cemetery in Bëyuk Mardzhanly. A school in Bëyuk Mardzhanly was named after him.


Eupatorium squamosum

Eupatorium squamosum is a plant species in the family Asteraceae.


James Wilkes-Green

James Wilkes-Green (born 19 October 1995) is a Guernsey cricketer. He was named in Guernsey's squad for the 2015 ICC World Cricket League Division Six tournament in England, playing in two matches.

Wilkes-Green was educated at Elizabeth College, Guernsey and then Hurstpierpoint College. He studied Geography at Durham University (Hatfield College), where he played cricket for Durham MCC.


Indonesia-1 Tower

Indonesia 1 Tower () is an under-construction twin towers of North Tower and South Tower at Jalan M.H. Thamrin in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The tower is expected to be completed by 2021. After completion, this will be the tallest twin tower in Indonesia.

Design Architect by Mercurio Design Lab

The towers will have offices, retail space, condominiums and service apartments. Both the towers are 303 meters high, but the North tower has 65 and South tower 60 floors. Construction of the tower is expected to be finished by 2021. South Tower is an office building while North Tower  is a multi functional building that includes offices, retail space, and service apartments.Pan Pacific Serviced Suites will occupy levels 47 to 58 in the North Tower of Indonesia I.

It will be connected by tunnel to Bundaran Hotel Indonesia station of Jakarta MRT.

Officially launched via Press Conference in Jakarta, 29 August 2019 at Bromo Ballroom, Grand Hyatt Jakarta


Wardwell

Wardwell refers to some places in the United States:
 Wardwell, Mississippi
 Wardwell, New York

Wardwell as well refers to following Persons:
 Allen Wardwell
 Daniel Wardwell
 Samuel Wardwell
 Walter C. Wardwell

See also:
 Davis Polk & Wardwell


T'd Up

"T'd Up" is a single by American hip hop duo Rae Sremmurd. It was released on February 5, 2018 by EarDrummers and Interscope Records as the second single from their third studio album SR3MM (2018). It was produced by St. Louis producers Metro Boomin, ChopSquad DJ and Swae Lee while being written by the producers and the duo.

Background
The song was announced by Mike Will Made It via Twitter the day before release, while revealing the song's producers. "T'd Up" followed the announcement of Rae Sremmurd's third album SR3MM, originally titled SremmLife 3. The album is a triple-disc album featuring SR3MM and solo albums from Rae Sremmurd members Swae Lee, titled Swaecation, and Slim Jxmmi, titled Jxmtroduction.

Live performances
The day before release, "T'd Up" was performed by Rae Sremmurd at Super Bowl LIVE in preparation for Super Bowl LII.

Personnel
Credits adapted from Tidal.

 Khalif "Swae Lee" Brown – production, songwriting
 Aaquil "Slim Jxmmi" Brown – songwriting
 Leland "Metro Boomin" Wayne – production, songwriting
 Darrel Jackson – production
 Jaycen Joshua – mixing

Charts

Release history


Pioneros de Cancún

Deportivo Pioneros de Cancún F.C is Mexican football team that plays in the Liga Premier Serie A who resides in Cancún, México.

History
The name Pioneros comes from a local branch of hotels in Cancún, México.The club was founded in 1984 when they join the Tercera División de México and still holds its name which now identifies the city of Cancún.The club obtains its first cup after defeating Conejos in el estadio “Víctor Manuel Reyna” in the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas.
The next year the club would finish third place and so play in a promotional play off with clubs Lobos and Aguilas B. As a result, the club would be promoted to the Segunda B but the owner decided to buy a franchise in the Segunda A which would allow them to play for a chance to be promoted to the Primera División de México.

Playing in the Segunda A the club came close many times but fail in there attempts to be promoted and in the early 1990s the city cut resources and so the club once aging fell to the inferior divisions. In the mid-1990s the club changed its name to Tucanes de Cancun but fail to gain popularity and so force was forced to change the name back to its original name Pioneros. It was until 2006 when José del Carmen Vázquez Ávila bought the club and has now proposed a plan to have the franchise in the first division in a couple of yearsand by so have gain the support of the natives.

Vázquez's project was truncated in 2007, when Atlante F.C., then a First Division team, moved from Mexico City to Cancun, which relegated Pioneros to be the second team in the city. Finally, in 2009, the franchise was sold to a new team called Guerreros de Acapulco. Pioneros maintained its Third Division team, in the 2010-11 season an alliance was formed with Atlante, to form a development team, called Pioneros Potros.

In August 2012 it was possible to revive Pioneros with a participant franchise in the Liga de Nuevos Talentos, in 2013-14 season, Pioneros won the Apertura 2013 tournament, in this way, the team reached the Final de Ascenso (Promotion Playoff).

On May 24, 2014, Pioneros defeated Selva Cañera and in this way, the team achieved its promotion to the Liga Premier de Ascenso, league in which the club currently competes. In January 2015, Pioneros changed its stadium and began playing at the Estadio Andrés Quintana Roo, the Estadio Cancún 86 became its alternative ground.

Kit evolution and rare kits
 Home kit: Red and White vertical Stripes shirt, red shorts and socks.
 Away kit: White with Red neck and shoulders, White shorts and socks.

First kit evolution

Players

Current squad

Reserve teams
Pioneros Junior
Reserve team that plays in the Liga TDP in the fifth level of the Mexican league system.

Honors

 Segunda División de México 1985
 Liga de Nuevos Talentos Apertura 2013
 Ascenso to LP 2013–14

External links
 Official Site
 https://www.facebook.com/PionerosFC?fref=ts
 https://twitter.com/PionerosFC

Footnotes


Alexander Campbell

Alexander or Alex Campbell may refer to:

Politicians and military officers

Canadian
Alexander Campbell (Upper Canada politician) (1770–1834), farmer and political figure in Upper Canada
Alexander Franklin Campbell (1845–?), Canadian politician
Alexander Campbell (Canadian senator) (1822–1892), legislator, minister, Lieutenant Governor, and Senator
Alexander B. Campbell (born 1933), premier of Prince Edward Island (1966–78)
Alexander Campbell (Nova Scotia politician) (1826–1909), Scottish-born notary public and political figure in Nova Scotia, Canada
Alexander Campbell (Newfoundland politician) (1876–1940), physician, fox rancher and political figure in Newfoundland
Max Campbell, Alexander Maxwell Campbell (1888–1962), Canadian politician

American
Alexander Campbell (American politician) (1779–1857), Ohio politician who served in the United States Senate
Alexander Campbell (Illinois politician) (1814–1898), member of the Illinois House of Representatives and the United States House of Representatives
Alexander M. Campbell (1907–1968), Indiana lawyer and Assistant U.S. Attorney General
Alexander William Campbell (general) (1828–1893), American Civil War Confederate general

British
Alexander Cameron Campbell, MP for Argyllshire, 1841–1843
Maj Gen Alexander Douglas Campbell (1899–1980), British Army officer
Sandy Campbell (GC), Alexander Fraser Campbell (1898–1940), George Cross recipient
Alexander Glynn Campbell (1796–1836), MP for Fowey 1819–1820
Alexander Henry Campbell (1822–?), British Conservative politician
Lt Gen Sir Alexander Campbell, 1st Baronet (1760–1824), British general
Capt Alexander Campbell (1756–1785), British Army officer and MP for Nairnshire
Col Alexander Campbell of Possil (1754–1849), military officer
Gen Alexander Campbell (died 1832), British Army officer and MP for Anstruther Burghs
VAdm Alexander Campbell (Royal Navy officer) (1874–1957)

Australian
Alexander Campbell (Australian politician) (1812–1891), New South Wales politician
Alexander James Campbell (1846–1926), Australian politician

Other people
Alex Campbell (footballer) (fl. 1926–1929), footballer for Clapton Orient
Alex Campbell (ice hockey) (born 1948), Canadian former ice hockey player
Alex Campbell (singer) (1925–1987), Scottish folk singer
Alex Campbell (golfer) (1876–1942), Scottish golfer and golf course architect
Alexander Buchanan Campbell (1914–2007), Scottish architect
Alexander Campbell (suspected Molly Maguire) (c. 1833–1877), Irish-born tavern owner, executed in Pennsylvania
Alexander Campbell (minister) (1788–1866), Religious reformer on the American Frontier
Alexander Campbell (musician and writer) (1764–1824), Scottish musician and miscellaneous writer
Alexander Campbell of Carco (died 1608), Scottish prelate, Bishop of Brechin
Alexander Petrie Campbell (1881–1963), Australian-born religious leader
Alexander Campbell (dancer) (born 1986), dancer with the Royal Ballet
Alexander Lorne Campbell (1871–1944), Scottish architect
Whitey Campbell (1926–2015), American football, basketball, baseball, player and coach


Surface treatment of PTFE

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), better known by its trade name Teflon, has many desirable properties which make it an attractive material for numerous industries. It has good chemical resistance, a low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss, and a low coefficient of friction, making it ideal for reactor linings, circuit boards, and kitchen utensils, to name a few applications. However, its nonstick properties make it challenging to bond to other materials or to itself.

A number of adhesion promotion methods have been developed to enhance PTFE bond strength. The primary methods currently used in industry are sodium etching and plasma etching. Results of ion beam treatment and laser surface roughening have also been reported in the literature, but do not have a significant presence as commercial processes.

Sodium etching
Wetting the surface of PTFE with commercially available solvents and liquid adhesives is virtually impossible. The exception to this is with special halogenated solvents that have a surface energy lower than PTFE, such as 3M's FC series solvents. These 3M solvents are, however, toxic and expensive. Additionally, even if wettability is acceptable, the PTFE will not form hydrogen bonds which are the primary source of adhesion strength. The PTFE surface therefore must be chemically modified to produce a surface which is capable of forming hydrogen bonds.

Early sodium etching solutions
Sodium etching of fluoropolymers has been used for decades to enhance bondability of PTFE. It is performed by immersion of the PTFE in a solution containing sodium followed by rinsing in alcohol and water. The process was originally performed by dissolving sodium metal in liquid ammonia. An alternative method was to form a complex with naphthalene, which was then dissolved in an ether such as tetrahydrofuran (THF). Both types of solutions carry risks to the user – both ammonia and THF are irritants, and both are flammable. At higher concentrations, THF is also a central nervous system depressant. In rats, the inhalation LC(50) (Lethal Concentration which kills 50% of test subjects) is 21,000 ppm for 3 hours. In humans, chronic effects have not been reported, but researchers using THF have developed severe occipital headaches and marked decreases in white blood cell counts.

Newer sodium etching solutions
More recently, glycol ethers (known as glymes) have come into use as carriers for the sodium naphthalene complex for PTFE etching. These glymes are ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (monoglyme), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme), and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (tetraglyme). Glymes pose minimal or no health risks to the user, and the solutions do not require special storage conditions. When using glyme-based etchants, it is recommended that the etching process be performed at moderately elevated temperatures, about 50 °C. The elevated temperature causes the etchant to release more active sodium. It also lowers the viscosity of the etchant which enhances wetting of high aspect ratio features such as plated through-holes in printed circuit boards. Tests of diglyme-based etchants used at 50 °C have shown bond strength increases of 50% or more over room temperature etching.

Commercially available etchants today are primarily glyme-based. Rogers Corporation, a manufacturer of PTFE printed circuit board laminates, refers to Poly-Etch and FluoroEtch etchants in its Fabrication Guidelines, "Bonding PTFE Materials for Microwave Stripline Packages and Other Multilayer Circuits". Poly-Etch is a sodium naphthalene complex in tetraglyme, while Fluoro-Etch is a sodium naphthalide complex in diglyme Matheson, the manufacturer of Poly-Etch, also manufactures a monoglyme-based etchant called Poly-Etch W.

Sodium etching mechanism
The main effect of sodium etching is defluorination of the PTFE, stripping the fluorine molecules from the carbon backbone of the polymer. The fluorine-to-carbon atomic ratio (F/C ratio) is reduced from PTFE's theoretical ratio of 2.0 to 0.2 or less, after exposure to sodium naphthalene for 1 minute. The fluorine atoms are replaced with hydroxyl, carbonyl, and other functional groups which can form hydrogen bonds.

Topographically, chemical etching of PTFE with sodium results in a highly porous defluorinated layer. Superficially, it displays a characteristic "mud crack" appearance.

Wettability is improved significantly by the sodium etching process. The resultant surface has an increased surface energy, reported in one study as increasing from 16.4 mN/m to 62.2 mN/m. Contact angle is reduced from approximately 115 degrees to approximately 60  degrees.

Bond strengths
Relative to untreated PTFE, the sodium etching process has been well-documented to increase PTFE bond strengths significantly regardless of the test method (tensile, peel, lap shear) used to evaluate samples bonded with epoxy. Virtually all sodium etching bond strengths reported in academic journals predate the advent of glymes as carriers for sodium naphthalene complex.

In adhesion tests per ASTM D4541, in which an aluminum stud is bonded to the test surface and the stud is pulled in the direction normal to the surface, both surfaces of the failure interface were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). F/C ratio was used as an indicator of the failure mode: F/C of zero corresponds to failure in the epoxy, while an F/C ratio near 2.0 indicates failure in the bulk PTFE. Intermediate F/C ratios indicate that failure occurred in the zone modified by the pretreatment.

Using this analysis method, failure in sodium etched samples is shown to be cohesive, occurring between the modified layer and the bulk PTFE and not between the epoxy and the treated PTFE. The adhesion properties therefore are assumed to be limited by the properties of the treated layer.

Sodium treated PTFE will degrade with exposure to UV radiation. Immediately after sodium treatment, the PTFE surface is dark brown. The weaker the etching solution, the lighter the color change and the weaker the bond will be. When exposed to UV radiation, the treated PTFE will gradually return to its original white color. Exposure to light, abrasion, heat and some oxidizing agents will also degrade the treated surface. The shelf life of treated surfaces may be as high as 3 to 4 months when stored below 5 °C in a dark oxygen- and moisture-free environment.

Plasma etching
In plasma etching, the PTFE is exposed to plasma, an electrically charged gas. Various gases may be used to generate the plasma.

Like chemical etching, plasma etching also defluorinates the PTFE, though not to the same degree. F/C ratios drop from 2.0 to 1.4 with an argon plasma, and to 1.8 with an oxygen plasma, and to 0.7-0.8 with an ammonia or hydrogen plasma.

Topographically, plasma treatment changes the surface morphology, with different morphologies resulting from different plasma gases used.

Contact angle decreased with treatment by some, but not all, plasma gases – in one study, argon plasma decreased the contact angle from about 105 degrees to 30 degrees after 1 hour of treatment, but oxygen plasma did not affect the contact angle.

Surface energy increased from 16.4 mN/m to 48.8 mN/m after ammonia plasma treatment and 36.8 mN/m after hydrogen plasma.

The aluminum stud pull-off test showed an increase from 31 N to about 200 N after either ammonia or hydrogen plasma treatment. XPS analysis of the plasma treated failure interface indicated cohesive failure between the modified layer and the bulk PTFE, similar to the chemically etched samples.

Comparison between chemical etching and plasma etching
Despite similar failure mechanisms in both sodium-etched and plasma-etched samples, sodium etching produces much higher bond strengths than plasma etching. Sodium-etched samples exhibited 4 to 5 times the strength of plasma-etched samples when tested in tension per ASTM D4541. When tested in peel, sodium-etched samples exhibited 3 to 12 times the peel strength of plasma-etched samples, depending on the type of plasma used.

One proposed explanation for the large difference in bond strengths is that chemical etching modifies the PTFE to a greater depth than plasma etching, increasing the tortuosity of the fracture path through the etched layer during adhesion testing. Another explanation for the large difference in bond strengths is that, in addition to defluorination, sodium etching results in cross-linking which may stabilize the modified PTFE interface, while plasma etching may cause chain scission (breakage of the PTFE polymer chain), since the C-C bond is weaker than the C-F bond. This polymer chain scission weakens the strength of the modified PTFE.

While plasma etching is not able to achieve adhesion increases approaching those of chemical etching, it does provide some improvement to PTFE adhesion over untreated PTFE.

Other PTFE surface treatments
Ion beam and laser treatments have also been studied as methods to improve PTFE adhesion. However, neither of these treatment modalities appears to be in use commercially.

Ion beam-treated PTFE exhibits significantly greater surface morphology changes than either chemical etching or plasma etching. Ion beam treatments with pure argon or pure oxygen result in minimal defluorination as determined by F/C ratio. Contact angle actually increased with ion beam treatment.

Peel strength with ion beam treatment increased as a function of the ion beam dose, achieving higher peel strengths than plasma-treated samples at doses above 5E15 ions/cm2.

The primary effect of ion beam treatment therefore is morphology modification, with little chemical effect. Longer ion beam treatment time is assumed to increase surface area for bonding, which in turn increases peel strength.

Laser surface roughening of PTFE has also been studied as a potential method for increasing bond strength to PTFE. In one study, Rauh et al. treated PTFE with a pulsed ArF laser at 193 nm. Multiple pulses were required to achieve a uniform roughness across the surface due to inhomogeneity of the untreated material. Peel test results using epoxy resin showed an increase from 0.9 N/cm to 8.9 N/cm.


Kevin VanHook

Kevin VanHook (born June 24, 1965)  is an American comic book writer, comic book artist, visual effects supervisor, and filmmaker.

Career
In comics, VanHook is best known creating the character Bloodshot for Valiant Comics. He also wrote the Flash Gordon comic strip from May 16, 1993 to January 2, 1994.

In 1996, he made his first short film, Drifter. In 1998, he began filming Frost: Portrait of a Vampire while founding a visual effects company, VanHook Studios. Frost was completed in 2001 and released on DVD in 2003, where it became the 18th highest grossing DVD premiere that year.

In 2002, VanHook Studios merged with Film Roman, the animation company best known for animating The Simpsons. During his stint as a visual effects artist and supervisor, VanHook has worked on such films as Miss Congeniality, Hart's War, Daredevil, I, Robot and many others.

Film Roman was acquired by IDT Corporation, an international telephone company expanding into entertainment in 2003. After IDT acquired Anchor Bay Entertainment, a leading DVD distributor, VanHook created a new film for IDT, The Fallen Ones starring Casper Van Dien and Robert Wagner. This was followed by Voodoo Moon an action-horror film packed with genre stars like Eric Mabius, Charisma Carpenter, Jeffrey Combs and Dee Wallace.

In mid-2006 IDT Entertainment was acquired by Starz Media, a division of Liberty.

Beginning in 2006, VanHook, along with producing partner Karen Bailey, created a series of films designed for Sci Fi Channel. Films by Kevin include, "Slayer" and, "Death Row," AKA "Haunted Prison." These films are available on DVD from Anchor Bay Entertainment.

VanHook's 2008 documentary, "Fantastic Flesh: The Art of Make-Up EFX" includes a  who's who of the American horror and make-up world. Working closely with Greg Nicotero and Howard Berger from K.N.B. EFX Group, VanHook interviewed Quentin Tarantino, Robert Rodriguez, John Landis and Joe Dante, John Carpenter, George A. Romero, Tom Savini and make-up legends Rob Bottin and Dick Smith among many others.

VanHook returned to comics in 2008 to write Superman and Batman vs. Vampires and Werewolves at DC Comics, as well as the Oracle mini-series that forms a part of the Battle for the Cowl storyline which deals with the aftermath of Batman R.I.P..

In early 2011, VanHook joined Visual Effects Supervisor Wes C. Caefer at Worldwide Effects in Shreveport, Louisiana to Produce the visual effects for TRESPASS, a Joel Schumacher film starring Nicolas Cage and Nicole Kidman.

VanHook was the Visual Effects Supervisor for the Rizzoli & Isles Television Series for four Seasons.

In 2015, VanHook began working with Hollow Studios in pre-production on a series of large format Dome Theater productions for a theme park being constructed in San Diego and was instrumental in creating the production and visual effects pipelines as well as overseeing photography in the U.S., U.K and Israel.

2017 saw VanHook reunited with Casper Van Dien along with Jennifer Wenger and Patrick Muldoon in the horror film Alpha Wolf written by Wes C. Caefer.

Works

Comics
 Bloodshot #1-39 (writer, Valiant Comics, 1993–1995)
 The Visitor #1-3 (writer, with pencils by Bernard Chang, Valiant Comics, 1995)
 Superman and Batman vs. Vampires and Werewolves (with Tom Mandrake, 6-issue limited series, DC Comics, 2008–2009)
 G.I. Joe: Snake-Eyes #1 (co-writer with Ray Park, with pencils by Lee Ferguson, IDW, 2009)
 Red Tornado Six issue limited series with art by José Luís and J.P. Mayer.

Films
 FROST: Portrait of a Vampire (2003)
 I, Robot (2004)
 The Fallen Ones (2005)
 Voodoo Moon (2005)
 Slayer (2006)
 Death Row—AKA Haunted Prison (2006)
 Sands of Oblivion (2007) as co-writer and producer
 Fantastic Flesh: The Art of Make-Up EFX (documentary) (2008)
 Olympus Has Fallen (2013)

Television
Exposure (status: production) As of December 2019, the project had not moved forward.

Rizzoli & Isles (Visual Effects Supervisor)

Southland (Visual Effects Supervisor – 1 episode)

The Vampire Diaries (compositor – 4 episodes)

Law and Order: Criminal Intent (Visual Effects Supervisor – 3 episodes)

Law and Order (Visual Effects Supervisor – 5 episodes)


Triaugmented dodecahedron

In geometry, the triaugmented dodecahedron is one of the Johnson solids (J61). It can be seen as a dodecahedron with three pentagonal pyramids (J2) attached to nonadjacent faces.

External links


My Whole World Ended

My Whole World Ended is the 1969 debut solo album of David Ruffin, who had risen to fame as lead singer of  The Temptations from 1964 to 1968. Released on Motown Records, My Whole World Ended features the title track, as well as other tracks produced by in-house Motown producers such as Harvey Fuqua, Johnny Bristol, Paul Riser and Ivy Jo Hunter.

Track listing

Side One
 "My Whole World Ended (The Moment You Left Me)" (Harvey Fuqua, Jimmy Roach, Johnny Bristol, Pam Sawyer)
 "Pieces of a Man" (Johnny Bristol, Pam Sawyer)
 "Somebody Stole My Dream" (Henry Cosby, Joe Hinton, Pam Sawyer)
 "I've Lost Everything I've Ever Loved" (Johnny Bristol, Thomas Kemp)
 "Everlasting Love" (Buzz Cason, Mac Gayden)
 "I've Got To Find Myself a Brand New Baby" (Harvey Fuqua, Johnny Bristol, Marv Johnson, Suzanne de Passe)

Side Two
 "The Double Cross" (Allen Story, George Gordy)
 "Message from Maria" (Al Reed)
 "World of Darkness" (Harvey Fuqua, Thomas Kemp)
 "We'll Have a Good Thing Going On" (Allen Story, George Gordy)
 "My Love Is Growing Stronger" (Johnny Bristol, Marv Johnson)
 "Flower Child" (Johnny Bristol, Doris McNeil)

Chart history

Singles


Jean Le Vacher

Jean Le Vacher (15 March 1619 - 26 July 1683) was a Lazarist missionary who was the French consul in Tunis and then in Algiers. He died after being attached to a cannon that was loaded with shrapnel and fired when the French fleet bombarded Algiers.

Early years

Jean Le Vacher was born on 15 March 1619 in Écouen, France.
His parents Philippe Le Vacher and Catherine Butefer had four boys and three girls by their marriage. Jean was the eldest.
His younger brother Philippe was to also enter the Congregation of the Mission, commonly known as the Lazarites,
and his youngest sister became a nun at the convent of Sainte-Marie.
Jean Le Vacher was placed with a priest near Rouen who taught him the elements of Latin and instructed him in religion.
He was then sent to Paris for his further studies.

Le Vacher became engaged to marry, but the two families could not agree on the terms of the marriage contract.
He met Vincent de Paul, who persuaded him to join the Lazarites.
Le Vacher spent three years with his brother Philippe at Bons-Enfants studying ecclesiastical sciences.
On 5 October 1643 both brothers offered themselves to Vincent de Paul, and were accepted.
They both took holy vows in 1646.

Tunis

At the time, the Barbary states held many Christian slaves.
Some converted to Islam, but others held onto their religion.
A treaty was concluded by France with the Ottoman Porte that allowed the French to send a priest with their consuls.
In November 1645 the priest Louis Guérin was sent to Tunis, and began providing spiritual comfort to the slaves.
Vincent de Paul sent Jean Le Vacher to Tunis in November 1647 to assist Guérin. He arrived during an epidemic of the plague. He did much to comfort people of all classes, including slaves, merchants and Turks, who held him in great esteem. He fell sick himself and was expected to die, but recovered.

In July 1648 the consul, L'Ange de Martin, became seriously ill.  He sent for Le Vacher and asked him to take his place if he should die.
Le Vacher refused, and the consul proposed to nominate one of the French merchants.  However, they could not agree on a candidate.
When the Bey was told of the problem, he also said that Le Vacher should become consul, and on the death of Martin he accepted this position.
He was consul for five years while also acting as a missionary.
Exhausted, Le Vacher won permission in 1653 to be relieved of his duties as consul and devoted himself solely to missionary work first in Tunis and then in Bizerte. He returned to Tunis, where he was again made consul, and where the Holy See named him Vicar Apostolic.
Le Vacher was consul from 1648 until 1667, when he was succeeded by Jean Ambrozin.

Algiers

Le Vacher returned to France and stayed for a while at the Priory of Saint-Lazare.
In 1668 he was sent to Algiers, where he again had the dual roles of consul and missionary.
He was appointed Consul of France at Algiers in 1676.
On 4 September 1682 Admiral Abraham Duquesne arrived at Algiers to obtain the release of the French slaves held there. Le Vacher went on board the vice-admiral's ship, where he found Duquesne. He said he had been sent by the powers of the land, the Dey Mehemet Hadgi and the military chief Baba-Hassan, to find what Duquesne wanted. However, Dusquesne insisted on talking to a personal representative of the Dey.
Duquesne continued to bombard Algiers from his galleys until 12 September 1682, when he judged that the sea would soon no longer be safe for galleys and decided to return to Toulon.

In July 1683 Admiral Duquesne again bombarded the town. The French fire destroyed houses, mosques and ships.
There was a palace revolution.
The people seized any remaining Frenchmen.
Le Vacher was falsely accused of treason, and was attached to the mouth of a cannon called Baba Merzoug.
He died on 26 July 1683.
On the orders of the usurper, known as Mezzomorto, he was tied to the mouth of a cannon, with twenty-two other French residents,
and destroyed by shrapnel.


Narosodes rufocostalis

Narosodes rufocostalis is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Walter Rothschild in 1912. It is found in New Guinea.


LEC billing

LEC billing is a form of billing for Internet-based or other usually electronic services where the user is charged through his account with the local telephone company (also known as the local exchange carrier or LEC), rather than directly from the provider of the service.

LEC billing is permitted in the United States as the breakup of the Bell System forced local telcos out of the long distance business; each client would otherwise receive multiple monthly bills (one for local service, one for long distance). There is no LEC billing for alternate long distance carriers in Canada as Bell Canada and Telus remain in the long-distance business and do not collect on behalf of their competitors.

The LEC billing system is subject to abuse by vendors. Cramming is a form of phone fraud in which a third-party vendor adds unauthorised charges to a subscriber's local telephone bill.


Archaeological Museum of Eretria

The Archaeological Museum of Eretria is a museum in Eretria, in the Euboea regional unit of Central Greece.

The museum was established in 1960, but was enlarged between 1961 and 1962. It underwent further renovation and extension between 1987 and 1991 by the 11th Ephorate of Antiquities of the Greek Archaeological Service in collaboration with the Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece.

Collection

The museum, which is located adjacent to the archaeological site of Eretria, contains artifacts unearthed at Xeropolis, the cemetery of Skoumbri, Palaia Perivolia, and Toumba in Lefkandi, at Paliochora and Geraki hill in Amarynthos and at Eretria and Magoula. Many artifacts found at Eretria though are on display at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens and in the Louvre in Paris.

Of major note is the terracotta centaur from Lefkandi, dated to the second half of the 10th century BC. The figurine was discovered broken in two parts, each of which had been placed in a different grave. Also found at Lefkandi is a straight-sided Mycenaean alabastron with three handles, dated to the 12th century BC.  The decoration is in matt white paint on a dark surface, and the shoulder and body are covered with the figures of a griffin, a roe and a deer.

The museum has a black-figure epinetron from Amarynthos dated to the end of the 6th century BC. The funerary amphora, depicting geometric patterns and birds, contained the bones of a child and is a  product of a local Euboean workshop of the Geometric period, dated to the 8th century BC. There are also many more amphoras and vases, including a funerary amphora from the coastal necropolis of Eretria dated to 560 BC which depicts the battle between Herakles and Centaurs on the front and Potnia Theron (Mistress of the Animals) on the rear, and a Panathenaic amphora dated to around 363-362 BC. The front side of the amphora depicts the armed goddess Athena, while the rear illustrates a scene from the Panathenaic contest for which the vase was the prize. Also is the terracotta gorgoneion dated from the 4th century BC which belonged to the decoration of the House with the Mosaics at Eretria.

Excavation at Eretria has unearthed some notable sculptures which are on display in the museum, including those from the west pediment of the archaic temple of Apollo Daphnephoros that depict an Amazonomachy. Of particular note is the sculpture representing Theseus and Antiope, believed to have been made by the famous Athenian sculptor Antenor in the 6th century BC.

The museum also contains Archaic relief pithos fragments decorated with representations of birds devouring bodies dated to the 7th century BC and a necklace made of faience beads representing Isis and Horos possibly from Cyprus and dating from the Protogeometric period, 11th-10th centuries BC.


2017–18 West of Scotland Super League

The 2017–18 West of Scotland Super League will be the 16th and last Super League competition since the formation of the Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region in 2002. The league comprises two divisions, a West of Scotland Super League Premier Division of 12 clubs and a West of Scotland Super League First Division of 14 clubs.

This will be the final season using the current format ahead of league reconstruction for the 2018–19 season. The West of Scotland Super League Premier Division will be renamed the West of Scotland Premiership and expanded to 16 teams. The West of Scotland Super League First Division will be renamed the West of Scotland Championship and will also be expanded to 16 teams.

The competition will begin on Saturday 19 August 2017.

The winners of the Super League Premier Division are eligible to enter the 2018–19 Scottish Cup.

Super League Premier Division

Format changes
There will be no automatic relegation from the Premier Division to the new Championship, however the bottom two will enter the West Region Play-offs for a place in the new Premiership.

Member clubs for the 2017–18 season
Glenafton Athletic are the reigning champions.

Clydebank and Girvan were promoted from the Super League First Division, replacing the automatically relegated Troon and Largs Thistle.

Kilwinning Rangers claimed the final spot after defeating Kilsyth Rangers 3–2 on aggregate in the West Region League play-off.

1 Groundsharing with Cumbernauld United.

Managerial changes

League table

Results

Super League First Division

Format changes
The top four will be promoted to the new Premiership with fifth and sixth entering the West Region Play-offs. There will be no automatic relegation from the First Division to the new League One, however, the bottom two will enter the West Region Play-offs for a place in the new Championship.

Member clubs for the 2017–18 season

Troon and Largs Thistle were relegated from the Super League Premier Division.

Darvel and Kello Rovers were promoted from the Ayrshire District League while Cambuslang Rangers and Larkhall Thistle gained promotion from the Central District First Division.

They were joined by Kilsyth Rangers who lost the West Region League play-off 3–2 on aggregate to Kilwinning Rangers.

Irvine Victoria were relegated to the Ayrshire District League and Blantyre Victoria, Shotts Bon Accord and Yoker Athletic were relegated to the Central District First Division.

Managerial changes

League table

Results

West Region League play-offs

Premiership
As the teams finishing 11th and 12th in the Super League Premier Division, Girvan and Arthurie will play-off against the teams finishing fifth and sixth (Troon and Irvine Meadow) in the Super League First Division for the final two places in the new West of Scotland Premiership.

First leg

Second leg

Irvine Meadow won 4–1 on aggregate.

Troon won 4–2 on aggregate.

Championship
Maryhill and Shettleston finished as the bottom two of the Super League First Division, they will play-off against the teams finishing fourth in the Ayrshire District League (Whitletts Victoria) and the Central District First Division (Neilston) for the final two places in the new West of Scotland Championship.

First leg

Second leg

Whitletts Victoria won 4–1 on aggregate.

Neilston won 2–1 on aggregate.


George Boyle White

George Boyle White (24 August 1802 – 25 May 1876) was an Irish-born Australian politician.

He was born at Bantry to Royal Navy officer Boyle White and Honoria O'Sullivan. He is believed to have gone to sea at a young age, visiting Sydney in 1819 and China in the early 1820s before settling in Sydney in 1826, where he became a clerk for the Colonial Secretaries Office. From 1827 he was assistant surveyor and then from 1838 surveyor in the Surveyor-General's Department. On 17 June 1830 he married Maria Greig Mudie, with whom he had three children. He retired from surveying in 1853 and farmed at Singleton, Maitland and Raymond Terrace, but was not successful, being bankrupted in 1847. In 1858 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Northumberland and Hunter, but he did not re-contest in 1859. He was bankrupted again in 1867. White died at Double Bay in 1876.


Richard Lounsbery

Richard Lounsbery (born in New York City in 1882, died 1967) was an American businessman. The Richard Lounsbery Foundation was set up with his family's wealth.

Today, the Richard Lounsbery Foundation is a philanthropic organization which supports novel research projects, science education, and key scientific policy issues through seed money or partial support. It distributes a total of about $2.5 million each year, mostly in grants of $25,000–$100,000. The foundation takes a special interest in cooperative activities between French and American scholars.


IGlobal University

IGlobal University is a for-profit U.S. university in Vienna, Virginia. Founded in 2008, IGlobal University is accredited by the Accrediting Commission of Career Schools and Colleges  (ACCSC).