V8 (beverage)

V8 Vegetable Juice, sometimes just called V8, is a trademarked name for a number of beverage products sold worldwide that are made from eight vegetables, or a mixture of vegetables and fruits. Since 1948, the brand has been owned by the Campbell Soup Company.

The original V8 vegetable juice was tomato-based and got its name from the fact that it contained juice from eight different vegetables.

V8 vegetable juice
The original V8 is made mainly from water and tomato concentrate, and reconstituted vegetable juice blend: water and concentrate of eight vegetables, specifically: beets, celery, carrots, lettuce, parsley, watercress, spinach, and tomato. Tomato juice makes up around 87% of the total drink. Campbell's has produced several varieties of the drink, such as Original, Spicy Hot, Hint of Black Pepper, Lemon, Picante, Low-Sodium, and Organic.

Three spin-offs of the V8 brand; "V8 Energy," "V8 Splash" and "V8 V•Fusion;", are blends of fruit and vegetable (specifically carrot) juices.  V8 Splash is a juice cocktail partially sweetened with high-fructose corn syrup and sucralose; diet versions of V8 Splash omit the high-fructose corn syrup. V8 Energy also classifies as a cocktail and is partially sweetened with sucralose. V•Fusion is made from 100% juice.

History

V8 Vegetable Juice was developed by Frank Constable of Chicago, Illinois, who worked as a contractor for W.G. Peacock (1896–1948), the founder of the New England Products Company, which manufactured individual vegetable juices under the brand name Vege-min and, in the 1930's, a combination labelled Vege-min 8. Frank Constable devised a particular formula for the brand and this blend - launched in 1947 as V8 Vegetable Cocktail Juice - has endured. The product was named by Constable after the V8 engine, the most powerful at the time. In 1948, the Campbell Soup Company acquired the brand from the Charles Loudon Packing Company in Terre Haute, Indiana, and has maintained continuous production of the beverage through the present day.

Derivative beverages
A few cocktail drinks use V8, most famously the "bloody eight" or "eight ball", which is a Bloody Mary with V8 instead of tomato juice.

V8 fruit & vegetable juice
Campbell's also makes V8 100% Fruit & Vegetable Juice, combining vegetable juice with fruit juices for one serving of vegetables and one serving of fruits. This is available elsewhere as V8 V-Fusion.  They are also sold in "light" versions containing 50% juice (1/2 serving of vegetables and 1/2 serving of fruits) with added flavors to reduce calorie content. V8 V-Fusion + Tea was recently introduced.  It contains a 1/2 serving of vegetables and a 1/2 serving of fruits.

Some varieties are composed of:
Strawberry Banana: Sweet Potatoes, Tomatoes, Carrots, Beets, White Grapes, Oranges, Apples, Strawberries, Bananas and Banana Puree.
Pomegranate Blueberry: Sweet Potatoes, Purple Carrots, Tomatoes, Carrots, Apples, White Grapes.
Tropical Orange: Sweet Potatoes, Carrots, Yellow Tomatoes, Squash, White Grapes, Oranges, Pineapples.
Peach Mango: Sweet Potatoes, Yellow Tomatoes, Squash, White Grapes, Oranges, Peaches, Mangoes.
Açaí Mixed Berry: Sweet Potatoes, Carrots, Apples, White Grapes, Açaí Berries, Blueberries, Limes.
Cranberry Blackberry: Sweet Potatoes, Purple Carrots, Carrots, Apples, White Grapes, Cranberry, Blackberry, Lemon Juice.
Goji Raspberry: Sweet Potatoes, Purple Carrots, Carrots, Apples, White Grapes, Cherries, Strawberries, Blackberry, Oranges, Goji, Red Raspberry, Lemon Juice.

In Australia the V8 range includes 100% Fruit & Vegetable Juice, combining vegetable juice with fruit juices for one serving of vegetables and one serving of fruit, in the following flavors:
Tropical
Breakfast
Pineapple Passion
Apple Mango
Orange Mango Passion

In 2015 the V8 Power Blend range was also launched in Australia, these 100% Vegetable Juice & Fruit juices contain 2 servings of vegetables are available in the following flavors:
Healthy Greens
Purple Power
Orange Kick
Rainbow Burst
Mighty Peach

V8 energy drinks
V8 also manufactures a line of juice-based energy drinks, sold in individual aluminum cans. Each includes 80 mg of caffeine (from green tea) per serving and is fortified with B vitamins. V8 Energy drinks are typically lower in sugar per fluid ounce compared to its juices, with the drinks partially sweetened with sucralose; other than caffeine, V8 Energy does not contain any of the various other stimulants (such as taurine, guarana, carnitine, inositol or glucoronolactone) found in other energy drinks.

V8 +Energy: A non-carbonated beverage of 50% juice, available in  and  cans. Flavors include original (vegetable), black cherry, peach-mango, pomegranate-blueberry, orange-pineapple, raspberry-vanilla, and tropical greens.
V8 +Energy Sparkling: A carbonated beverage of 34% juice, typically sold in  cans and -can four-packs. Currently produced flavors include Orange Pineapple, White Grape Raspberry, Cranberry Blackberry and Kiwi Melon (the last two of which are only available in the four-packs).

Nutrition
Example nutrition information for V8 Vegetable Juice:

Slogans
 "Wow, It Sure Doesn't Taste like Tomato Juice!"  (1960s)
 "Drink V8 & Keep Your Diet Straight!"  (1990s–present)
 "Drink Smarter with V8."  (2000–present)
 "Drink It. Feel It."  (2003–2004)
 "Should've Had a V8."  (1970s-1980s, 2009–present) ("Could've Had a V8." used in tandem)


Macarostola parolca

Macarostola parolca is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is known from the Seychelles.


Maurice McCarten Stakes

The Maurice McCarten Stakes is an Australian Turf Club Group 3 Thoroughbred quality handicap horse race, for three years old and older, over a distance of 1100 metres at Rosehill Gardens Racecourse in Sydney, Australia in March.  Total prize money for the race is A$160,000.

History
The race is named in honour of jockey and racehorse-trainer Maurice Thomas Joseph McCarten (1902–1971).

Prior to 2010 the race was held on the Golden Slipper race card.

Name
 1993–1996 - The Moet & Chandon Handicap
 1997–1998 - The Moet & Chandon
 1999–2002  - Moet & Chandon Stakes
 2003–2004 - Maurice McCarten Stakes
 2005–2009  - The Schweppervesence
 2010–2011 - Maurice McCarten Stakes
 2012 - Bacardi Together Stakes
 2013 - Bacardi World's No.1 Rum Stakes
 2014 - Bacardi Untameable Stakes
 2015 onwards - Maurice McCarten Stakes

Distance
1993–2009 - 1200 metres
2010 - 1100 metres

Grade
1993–2013 - Listed race
2014 onwards - Group 3

Winners

 2019 - Easy Eddie
 2018 - ‡Dothraki
 2017 - Artistry
 2016 - Alberto Magic
 2015 - Target In Sight
 2014 - Kencella
 2013 - See The World
 2012 - Title
 2011 - Atomic Force
 2010 - Welkom Gold
 2009 - Mount Verde
 2008 - Hoystar
 2007 - Double Dare
 2006 - Snippetson
 2005 - Britt's Best
 2004 - Mustard
 2003 - Sex Machine
 2002 - Crete
 2001 - †Stanzaic / Knickerbocker Kid
 2000 - Antiquity
 1999 - Appoint
 1998 - Appoint
 1997 - Quick Flick
 1996 - Identikit
 1995 - Magic Of Money
 1994 - Brawny Spirit
 1993 - Friend's Venture

† Dead heat

‡ Won on Protest


The Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series is an award presented annually by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS). It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a guest starring role on a television drama series for the primetime network season.

The award was first presented at the 27th Primetime Emmy Awards on May 19, 1975 to Patrick McGoohan for his performance on Columbo: By Dawn's Early Light. It has undergone several name changes, originally honoring leading and supporting actors in single appearances on drama and comedy series through 1978. The award was reintroduced at the 38th Primetime Emmy Awards under the name Outstanding Guest Performer in a Drama Series, honoring actors and actresses in guest starring roles on television drama series. In 1989, the category was split into categories for each gender, resulting in the name change to its current title.

Since its inception, the award has been given to 35 actors. Bradley Whitford is the current recipient of the award for his role of Joseph Lawrence on The Handmaid's Tale. Charles S. Dutton, John Lithgow and Patrick McGoohan have won the most awards in this category with two each. Michael J. Fox has been nominated for the award on seven occasions, the most within the category.

Winners and nominees
Listed below are the winners of the award for each year, as well as the other nominees.

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

Performers with multiple wins
2 wins
 Charles S. Dutton
 John Lithgow
 Patrick McGoohan

Programs with multiple awards

6 awards
 The Practice (5 consecutive)

2 awards
 Scandal (consecutive)
 This Is Us (consecutive)

Performers with multiple nominations

7 nominations
 Michael J. Fox

5 nominations
 Beau Bridges
 Robert Morse

4 nominations
 Charles Durning

3 nominations
 Dylan Baker
 Reg E. Cathey
 Charles S. Dutton
 Harold Gould

2 nominations
 F. Murray Abraham
 Alan Alda
 Hank Azaria
 Bill Bixby
 Christian Clemenson
 James Cromwell
 Ted Danson
 Jeremy Davies
 Will Geer
 Louis Gossett Jr.
 John Glover
 Michael Jeter
 Ron Cephas Jones

 James Earl Jones
 Richard Kiley
 Martin Landau
 John Larroquette
 John Lithgow
 Tim Matheson
 Patrick McGoohan
 Gerald McRaney
 Oliver Platt
 Matthew Perry
 Robert Reed
 Glynn Turman
 James Whitmore
 Robin Williams

Programs with multiple nominations

14 nominations
 ER

11 nominations
 The Practice

10 nominations
 The Good Wife

7 nominations
 Mad Men
 This Is Us
 The West Wing

6 nominations
 St. Elsewhere

5 nominations
 Chicago Hope
 House of Cards
 Picket Fences

3 nominations
 Boston Legal
 Homeland
 Homicide: Life on the Street
 L.A. Law
 Midnight Caller
 thirtysomething
 Touched by an Angel
 Without a Trace

2 nominations
 Cagney & Lacey
 Columbo
 Damages
 Dexter
 Justified
 Masters of Sex
 Moonlighting
 Ray Donovan
 Rescue Me
 Scandal
 The Sopranos
 Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip
 Tales from the Crypt


Laccaria bicolor

Laccaria bicolor is a small tan-colored mushroom with lilac gills. It is edible, but not palatable, and grows in mixed birch and pine woods. It is found in the temperate zones of the globe, in late summer and autumn. L. bicolor is an ectomycorrhizal fungus used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture.

Taxonomy
It was initially described as a subspecies of Laccaria laccata by French mycologist René Maire in 1937, before being raised to species rank by P.D. Orton in 1960. Like others in its genus it has the common name of 'Deceiver', because of its propensity to fade and become hard to identify.

Description
The cap is  across, convex to flat, and with a central navel. It is often incurved at the margin, and is various shades of ochraceous-buff, and tan, depending on moisture content. The fibrillose stipe is the same color, and with a distinct lilac down towards the base. The flesh is whitish, tinged with pink, or ochraceous, and has no apparent distinctive smell, or taste. The gills are pale lilac at first, fading paler. The spores are white. The picture on the right shows young specimens with quite vivid coloration. More often, they are found duller in appearance.

Distribution and habitat
This species is mycorrhizal with a range of trees, and is found throughout the temperate zones of the world, in summer and autumn.  This includes temperate and boreal forests of North America and probably Northern Europe. It seems to prefer birch and pine woods.

Carnivory
Laccaria bicolor is one of a number of species of carnivorous fungi, but one of the few that catches and kills insects, specifically springtails.

Ectomycorrhizae
This species forms ectomycorrhizal associations with a wide variety of tree species, such as red pine, jack pine, and black spruce. Studies have shown that L. bicolor is more effective in early colonization of pine roots compared to other ectomycorrhiza forming fungi. In field studies, it preferentially colonizes and improves the survival of red pine. Actinobacteria isolates, e.g. from the genus Streptomyces, obtained from old growth Norway spruce field sites have been shown to stimulate the growth of Laccaria bicolor in the laboratory.

Genome
Laccaria bicolor was the first ectomycorrhizal fungus to have its genome sequenced. The genome is 65 megabases long and is estimated to contain 20,000 protein coding genes. Analysis revealed a large number of small secreted proteins of unknown function, several of which are only expressed in symbiotic tissues, where they probably play a role in initiating symbiosis. It lacks enzymes that are able to degrade plant cell walls but does possess enzymes which can degrade other polysaccharides, revealing how it is able to grow both in soil and in association with plants.


Barenaked Ladies Are Men

Barenaked Ladies Are Men (sometimes abbreviated BLAMen or Are Men) is the eighth full-length original-material studio album by Barenaked Ladies, and the second release of material from the 29-song session that bore the companion album Barenaked Ladies Are Me. The two albums (or at least their material) were released together under the Are Me title in several "deluxe" release methods before Are Men received its own proper official release in February 2007. In this way, Are Me and Are Men together may be considered the band's seventh full-length original-material studio album. The album's artwork was created by Team Macho who also did similar artwork for the Are Me releases. The title is an extension of the Are Me title. During touring for the two albums, a pre-show video showed an unidentified hand adding various other extensions to the Barenaked Ladies Are Me title.

The formal release of the album is an Enhanced CD, and contains software and individual tracks that allow the owner to remix three of the band's songs. An advanced release of the album, exclusive to Canadian Starbucks, was released on October 3, 2006. This version lacked the Enhanced CD feature, as well as final four tracks, which at the time were deemed "bonus tracks" for the Are Me release, both in its single-album form, and its 25-track deluxe form. The Starbucks version, however, included the two singles at the time from Are Me.

Upon its release, Barenaked Ladies Are Men reached No. 102 in the US and No. 39 in the band's native Canada.

Are Men is the second full-length release by the Barenaked Ladies on their own record label.

Track listing

The Starbucks advanced release contains tracks 1-12, as well as "Easy" and "Wind It Up", the two singles at the time from Are Me.

Personnel

Barenaked Ladies
 Steven Page – vocals, guitars
 Ed Robertson – vocals, guitars
 Jim Creeggan – bass, vocals
 Tyler Stewart – drums, percussion
 Kevin Hearn – keyboards, piano, vocals

Additional personnel
 Rob Carli – clarinet, saxophone, sax (tenor), horn arrangements
 Bob Clearmountain – mixing
 Jim Creeggan – engineer
 Paul Forgues – engineer
 Kevin Hearn – engineer
 Bob Ludwig – mastering
 Terry Promane – trombone
 Susan Rogers – engineer
 Keith Rudyk – assistant engineer
 Kevin Turcotte – trumpet

Critical reception
AllMusic called the album "just a bit more energized" than its companion album, saying it had "just a bit more wit, sparkle, and pop." They also stated that Are Men had more memorable hooks than Are Me and that, when viewed together with Are Me, "Barenaked Ladies Are Me and Barenaked Ladies Are Men should not only stand as a creative high point for the Canadian rockers, but a truly superb would-be double-album." The album was given a 4 out of 5 stars score by AllMusic reviewer Matt Collar. Sputnik Music stated that "[Barenaked Ladies] has provided their best set of songs since... well, quite possibly ever" and went on to call the album "a flawless pop record" and "the high point of the Barenaked Ladies' career."

Hybrid Magazine, however, called the release a "largely a by-the-books, forgettable Barenaked Ladies album that rarely recalls the more accomplished work in the band's back catalog." They disliked Steven Page's vocals, saying that without them the album lacked an "emotional undercurrent", and that even when Page is at his best on the album, the compositions seem "mechanical". Hybrid finished by describing the album as "the sound of a group of musicians having fun and enjoying their time out of the limelight."


The Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George (, ) is a dynastic order of knighthood of the Catholic Church founded 1520–1545 by two brothers belonging to the Komnenos family. Currently, the grand magistry of the order is disputed among the two claimants to the headship of the former reigning House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies as heirs of the House of Farnese, namely Prince Pedro and Prince Carlo.

Although it is not an order of chivalry under patronage of the Holy See, membership is restricted to practising Catholics.

History

The legendary origins of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George trace its foundation to an apocryphal order founded by Constantine the Great. The Angeli Comneni grand masters who actually founded the order in the 2nd quarter of the 16th century received confirmations of its status in a series of papal briefs, a bull of Pope Clement VIII, and decrees of King Philip III of Spain, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor  on 7 November 1630, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor on 25 June 1671, King John III Sobieski of Poland of 11 May 1681, and Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria on 8 July 1667 and 26 July 1669, in which the order was allowed to establish commanderies in Bavaria and the Palatinate.

Farnese family, male primogeniture
Its incorporation as a religious order of the Catholic Church hereditary in the House of Farnese and its heirs, the Bourbons, dates from the transfer to Francesco Farnese on 11 January 1698, an act confirmed in an imperial diploma, "Agnoscimus et notum facimus", of the emperor, Leopold I, dated 5 August 1699, and the apostolic brief, "Sincerae Fidei", issued by Pope Innocent XII on 24 October 1699.  These confirmed the succession of the grand magistry to the Farnese family and its heirs as an ecclesiastical office and, crucially, did not tie it to tenure of sovereignty of the Duchy of Parma. Among the first major acts of the Farnese grand magistry were revised, amended and expanded statutes, issued on 25 May 1705 and confirmed in a papal brief dated 12 July 1706; both these confirmed the requirement that the grand magistry should pass by male primogeniture. Following the order's contribution to Prince Eugene of Savoy's campaign to drive the Turks from the Balkans between 1716 and 1718, Pope Clement XI, a former cardinal protector of the order, confirmed the order as a religious order of the Roman Catholic Church in the bull, "Militantis Ecclesiae", of 27 May 1718.

Claim by the House of Two Sicilies

With the death of the last male of the House of Farnese on 30 January 1731, the grand magistry was claimed by Charles, Duke of Parma (later King Charles III of Spain), eldest son of King Philip V of Spain and Elisabeth of Parma; Charles also inherited the duchies of Parma and Piacenza from the Farnese. After becoming king of Naples and Sicily in 1734, Charles was forced to surrender Parma to Austria in 1736, but he retained the Constantinian grand magistry. On 16 October 1759, Charles III abdicated the grand magistry to his second surviving son, King Ferdinand IV and III of Naples and Sicily (from 1815 Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies). The administration of the order was transferred from Parma to Naples in 1768.

Despite the loss of its original basis of papal legitimacy, the Order continued to function under Ferdinand I and his successor heads of the House of Two Sicilies. It has continued to do so after the fall of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies; the view of the Bourbon-Sicily family is that the grand magistry was never united with the Two Sicilies Crown, but remained independent. Ferdinand's words, in a decree of 8 March 1796, were: "In his (the King's) royal person there exists together two very distinct qualities, the one of Monarch of the Two Sicilies, and the other of Grand Master of the illustrious, royal and military Constantinian order, which though united gloriously in the same person form nonetheless at the same time two separate independent Lordships".

The succession of Ferdinand I as grand master was resented by some of the Parmesan nobility but when in 1748, Charles III's younger brother Philip succeeded as duke of Parma, he explicitly recognised his brother Charles and later his nephew Ferdinand as Grand Master in a series of decrees and official acts. Philip's son Ferdinand, after his succession as Duke of Parma, sent an emissary to the Spanish court to try and persuade the King of Spain to intervene with the King of Naples and Sicily and persuade the latter to give up the Grand Mastership, but without success.

Separate Parmesan Order from 1817

The Parmesan Constantinian Order was a new foundation, instituted by Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma in 1817 and following her death the Duke of Lucca, heir to the Bourbon-Parma succession, became Duke of Parma under the terms of the Congress of Vienna and assumed the grand mastership which is today claimed by Prince Carlos, Duke of Parma. See the historical note authored by Paolo Conforte, a senior officer of the Parma dynastic order, who maintains that the Parma Order, despite its late foundation, is the successor of the original Order; this view was explicitly rejected by the Holy See in 1860 and in 1913 the Holy See did not respond to a request from the Parma ducal family to accord their Order similar privileges to those granted to the Order of which Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta was Grand Master.

The Order under the House of Two Sicilies

In 1910, Pope Pius X appointed the first of three successive cardinal protectors and, in 1913, approved a series of privileges for the chaplains of the order. In 1915, Pope Benedict XV dedicated the Constantinian chapel in the basilica of Santa Croce al Flaminio, which had been built with donations from the knights, who included Monsignor Eugenio Pacelli, later Pope Pius XII. In 1916, the pope restored the church of Saint Anthony Abbot to the Order - this church had originally been given to the Constantinian order along with the properties of the religious order of that name in 1777, but had been put under the direction of the archdiocese of Naples in 1861.

In 1919, new statutes received papal approval and Cardinal Ranuzzi de' Bianchi was appointed cardinal protector, the last to hold this post. Following the intervention of the grand magistry of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus in 1924, whose grand master, the king of Italy, objected to the awarding of the order to leading Italian noblemen, the Holy See felt the close relationship with Prince Alfonso, Count of Caserta might prove an obstacle to settling the Roman question. It was, therefore, decided not to reappoint a successor to Cardinal Ranuzzi de' Bianchi at his death in 1927.

Disputed succession, further schism of the Order

The succession to the grand magistry of this order has been disputed among as many as three branches of Bourbons since 1960. The dispute is rooted in different interpretations of the so-called "Act of Cannes" of 14 December 1900 in which the count of Caserta's second son, Prince Carlo (grandfather of Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria), promised that he would renounce his succession to the crown of the Two Sicilies in execution of the "Pragmatic Decree" of 1759. This decree required that if the king of Spain, or his immediate heir, should inherit the Two Sicilies crown, he would renounce the latter to the next in line. Whether the "Pragmatic Decree" applied to Prince Carlo's situation in 1900, and whether the grand magistry of the order was included in such a renunciation, are both issues in dispute.

Supporters of the late Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria and his only son and heir, Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria assert that Prince Carlo's renunciation was conditional on his actually inheriting both the Spanish and Two Sicilies crowns and/or that, even in that circumstances, such a renunciation did not include the position of grand master of the Constantinian order, which they regard as separate from the crown. A website   of the so-called "Spanish" branch, headed by Prince Pedro, asserts that the renunciation was conditioned on facts that never arose, and that the order and the crown are governed by separate rules. Further, supporters of Infante Carlos argue that the "Act of Cannes" was legally defective and thus void. The Infante Don Carlos died on the 5 October 2015 and was succeeded by his only son, Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria.

Supporters of Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro reject all three positions advanced by Infante Carlos' supporters, and claim that the rival claimant's ancestor validly renounced both the crown of the Two Sicilies and the grand magistry.

Each branch appoints a Roman Catholic cardinal as grand prior.  On 16 October 2012, the Vatican Secretary of State renewed its position that the Holy See does not recognise any order except the seven Papal Orders listed on their statement. The Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George was not one of those orders.

Version led by Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria (Hispano-Neapolitan branch)
Spaniards and Italians who have been granted the Constantinian Order by Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria and his heir Prince Pedro have applied for, and received, authorisation to wear the decorations of the order.

In a decree of the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs by the Introductor de Embajadores, 28 November 2014, the Ministry stated that along with the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre and the Royal Order of Saint Januarius (of which Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria, is also Grand Master) "... la Sagrada y Militar Orden Constantiniana de San Jorge fueron tuteladas por la Corona de Espana o se hallan estrechamente vinculadas a su Historia, tal y como preve en este sentido el Ministerio de Defensa en su Instruccion General 06/12 sobre autorización de uso de recompensas civiles y militares." ("...the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, came under the protection of or were linked to the Crown and history of Spain, as set forth by the Ministry of Defence in its General Instruction 06/12, on permission to wear civil and military awards"). The status of the Constantinian Order was again defined in a statement by the Introductor de Embajadores, dated 2 June 2017 and issued in Spanish, French and English - the latter read: "...Hereby Certifies That the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George and the Royal Order of Saint Januarius are officially recognized by Spain as Orders historically tied to the Crown of Spain, pursuant to the Ministry's Circular Order 4/2014 of 28 November. The use of the insignias of these two Orders is subject to the appropriate authorization, issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as stipulated by the Royal Decree of 5 June 1916, signed by the Introducer of Ambassadors, Ambassador-Secretary of the Order of Isabella the Catholic and the Order of Civil Merit." The Constantinian Order awarded by Prince Pedro is explicitly authorised to be worn by the governments of Italy and Mexico and citizens of the Netherlands have also been authorised to wear it. The United States Department of the Army has included the Order among those for which authorisation may be given to wear the decorations on the official list of such awards, under Spain.

Version led by Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro (Franco-Neapolitan branch)

In the 1990s, under the authority of Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro, the organization and activities of his version of the order were "revived" as the so-called "Delegation for Great Britain and Ireland of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George". This version of the Order has appointed a British Catholic public relations advisor as its "magistral delegate", and has awarded him other honours. The longstanding version of the Order has no connection with this PR advisor, nor with his business activities, nor with the order of which he is described as “delegate”.

The Italian and Hungarian governments among others have authorised members of the Franco-Neapolitan branch, bestowed by Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro, to wear the insignia.

In 2011, the version of the Constantinian Order headed by the Duke of Castro, became one of the 3,536 NGO's. In 2011-12 some 600 organizations applied for consultative status. On average between 100 and 150 applications are recommended by the Committee in each of its two sessions per year non-governmental organizations to hold consultative status at the Economic and Social Council at the United Nations. The United Nations recognises the organisation as qualifying for this status without acknowledging its historical claims or any particular character as an Order of knighthood.

Attempted reconciliation

On 24 January 2014, the day before the Blessed Beatification of the Venerable Servant of God Princess Maria Cristina of Savoy (later Queen Maria Cristina, Queen Consort of the Two Sicilies, the two disputed heads of the house: Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro and Prince Pedro, Duke of Noto (on behalf of his father Prince Carlos, Duke of Calabria) signed an "Act of Reconciliation" at Naples' Excelsior Hotel.

This act appeared to have ended the longstanding differences over the titles used by the two branches of the House of the Two Sicilies. The signing of the act of reconciliation was done in the presence of the Duchesses of Noto and Castro, the Duke of Noto's mother, the Duchess of Calabria, the Duke of Noto's sisters, Maria and Inés, and their husbands, Archduke Simeon and Michele Carrelli Palombi, their aunt, Princess Teresa, Marquesa de Laserma, the Duke of Castro's sister, Princess Napoleon, Prince Casimiro of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and his wife Princess Margherita, and the Duke of Braganza. Owing to his state of health, the Infante Don Carlos, Duke of Calabria was unable to attend the ceremony.

The Act stated that the two branches will recognize each other's titles for the present holders and their successors; the titles of the senior, Spanish line, being Duke of Calabria, Duke of Noto and Duke of Capua, and of the junior line, being Duke of Castro and Duchess of Palerma and Duchess of Capri which were accorded to the Duke and Duchess of Castro's two daughters. The final intention was to work together to unite the Constantinian Order as well as perhaps share the grand mastership of the Two Sicilies Order of St. Januarius (the revival of the Order of Francis I has never been accepted by the senior, Spanish line.)

Renewed schism

In May 2016 Prince Carlo unilaterally renounced the agreement  and subsequently conferred the titles of Duchess of Calabria and Duchess of Noto on his daughters, declaring the former to be the heiress to the headship of the Royal House and the Constantinian Grand Mastership. This act has not been recognised by members of the branch descended from Prince Gabriel of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. The legality of this has been disputed by Prince Pedro on the grounds that the succession to the Two Sicilies crown was established in two international treaties (Vienna 1737 and Naples 1759) as well as the Pragmatic Decree of 1759 and the nineteenth century Two Sicilies constitutions and therefore could not be changed by a unilateral act, even by an undisputed head of the royal house. The succession to the Constantinian Grand Mastership was confirmed by an Imperial Bull and a Papal Brief, and by the Bull Militantis Ecclesiae, and required that the Grand Mastership, an ecclesiastical office in canon law, could only be held by males and must pass by primogeniture to the heirs of the House of Farnese; the purported change to the succession by Prince Carlo has not been approved by the Holy See.

Ranks of the Order

Grades
Special Class
(This category invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro and are not considered part of the historical ranks of the Order.)
 Sovereign Knight Grand Cross with Collar
 Knight Grand Cross, Special Class

Justice
 Bailiff Knight Grand Cross with Collar of Justice
 Bailiff Knight Grand Cross of Justice
 Knight/Dame Grand Cross of Justice
 Knight/Dame Grand Officer of Justice
 Knight/Dame Commander of Justice (The rank of Commander was invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro; it is a characteristic of a merit award and not a confraternal Order)
 Knight/Dame of Justice

Grace or Jure Sanguinis
(The name Grace was changed to Jure Sanguinis by Infante Alfonso, Duke of Calabria, when Grand Master.)
 Knight/Dame Grand Cross of Grace, or Jure Sanguinis
 Knight/Dame Grand Commander of Grace (The rank of Commander was invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro)
 Knight/Dame Grand Officer of Grace, Special Class (a rank invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro)
 Knight/Dame Grand Officer of Grace (a rank invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro)
 Knight/Dame of Grace or Jure Sanguinis

Merit
 Knight/Dame Grand Cross of Merit
 Knight/Dame Grand Commander of Merit, Special Class (a rank invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro)
 Knight/Dame Grand Commander of Merit (a rank invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro)
 Knight/Dame Grand Officer of Merit, Special Class (a rank invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro)
 Knight/Dame Grand Officer of Merit(a rank invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro)
 Knight/Dame Commander (a rank invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro)
 Knight/Dame of Merit

Office

Knight/Dame of Office

Medal
 Gold, silver or bronze
 Special Class (a rank invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro)
 1st Class
 2nd Class (a rank invented by the Order headed by the Duke of Castro)


Sequence assembly

In bioinformatics, sequence assembly refers to aligning and merging fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence. This is needed as DNA sequencing technology cannot read whole genomes in one go, but rather reads small pieces of between 20 and 30,000 bases, depending on the technology used. Typically the short fragments, called reads, result from shotgun sequencing genomic DNA, or gene transcript (ESTs).

The problem of sequence assembly can be compared to taking many copies of a book, passing each of them through a shredder with a different cutter, and piecing the text of the book back together just by looking at the shredded pieces. Besides the obvious difficulty of this task, there are some extra practical issues: the original may have many repeated paragraphs, and some shreds may be modified during shredding to have typos. Excerpts from another book may also be added in, and some shreds may be completely unrecognizable.

Genome assemblers

The first sequence assemblers began to appear in the late 1980s and early 1990s as variants of simpler sequence alignment programs to piece together vast quantities of fragments generated by automated sequencing instruments called DNA sequencers. As the sequenced organisms grew in size and complexity (from small viruses over plasmids to bacteria and finally eukaryotes), the assembly programs used in these genome projects needed increasingly sophisticated strategies to handle:

 terabytes of sequencing data which need processing on computing clusters;
 identical and nearly identical sequences (known as repeats) which can, in the worst case, increase the time and space complexity of algorithms quadratically;
 errors in the fragments from the sequencing instruments, which can confound assembly.

Faced with the challenge of assembling the first larger eukaryotic genomes—the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster in 2000 and the human genome just a year later,—scientists developed assemblers like Celera Assembler and Arachne able to handle genomes of 130 million (e.g., the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster) to 3 billion (e.g., the human genome) base pairs. Subsequent to these efforts, several other groups, mostly at the major genome sequencing centers, built large-scale assemblers, and an open source effort known as AMOS was launched to bring together all the innovations in genome assembly technology under the open source framework.

EST assemblers

Expressed sequence tag or EST assembly was an early strategy, dating from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s, to assemble individual genes rather than whole genomes. The problem differs from genome assembly in several ways. The input sequences for EST assembly are fragments of the transcribed mRNA of a cell and represent only a subset of the whole genome. A number of algorithmical problems differ between genome and EST assembly. For instance, genomes often have large amounts of repetitive sequences, concentrated in the intergenic regions. Transcribed genes contain many fewer repeats, making assembly somewhat easier. On the other hand, some genes are expressed (transcribed) in very high numbers (e.g., housekeeping genes), which means that unlike whole-genome shotgun sequencing, the reads are not uniformly sampled across the genome.

EST assembly is made much more complicated by features like (cis-) alternative splicing, trans-splicing, single-nucleotide polymorphism, and post-transcriptional modification. Beginning in 2008 when RNA-Seq was invented, EST sequencing was replaced by this far more efficient technology, described under de novo transcriptome assembly.

De-novo vs. mapping assembly

In sequence assembly, two different types can be distinguished:
 de-novo: assembling short reads to create full-length (sometimes novel) sequences, without using a template (see de novo sequence assemblers, de novo transcriptome assembly)
 mapping: assembling reads against an existing backbone sequence, building a sequence that is similar but not necessarily identical to the backbone sequence

In terms of complexity and time requirements, de-novo assemblies are orders of magnitude slower and more memory intensive than mapping assemblies. This is mostly due to the fact that the assembly algorithm needs to compare every read with every other read (an operation that has a naive time complexity of O(n2). Referring to the comparison drawn to shredded books in the introduction: while for mapping assemblies one would have a very similar book as a template (perhaps with the names of the main characters and a few locations changed), de-novo assemblies present a more daunting challenge in that one would not know beforehand whether this would become a science book, a novel, a catalogue, or even several books. Also, every shred would be compared with every other shred.

Handling repeats in de-novo assembly requires the construction of a graph representing neighboring repeats. Such information can be derived from reading a long fragment covering the repeats in full or only its two ends. On the other hand, in a mapping assembly, parts with multiple or no matches are usually left for another assembling technique to look into.

Influence of technological changes

The complexity of sequence assembly is driven by two major factors: the number of fragments and their lengths. While more and longer fragments allow better identification of sequence overlaps, they also pose problems as the underlying algorithms show quadratic or even exponential complexity behaviour to both number of fragments and their length. And while shorter sequences are faster to align, they also complicate the layout phase of an assembly as shorter reads are more difficult to use with repeats or near identical repeats.

In the earliest days of DNA sequencing, scientists could only gain a few sequences of short length (some dozen bases) after weeks of work in laboratories. Hence, these sequences could be aligned in a few minutes by hand.

In 1975, the dideoxy termination method (AKA Sanger sequencing) was invented and until shortly after 2000, the technology was improved up to a point where fully automated machines could churn out sequences in a highly parallelised mode 24 hours a day. Large genome centers around the world housed complete farms of these sequencing machines, which in turn led to the necessity of assemblers to be optimised for sequences from whole-genome shotgun sequencing projects where the reads

 are about 800–900 bases long
 contain sequencing artifacts like sequencing and cloning vectors
 have error rates between 0.5 and 10%

With the Sanger technology, bacterial projects with 20,000 to 200,000 reads could easily be assembled on one computer. Larger projects, like the human genome with approximately 35 million reads, needed large computing farms and distributed computing.

By 2004 / 2005, pyrosequencing had been brought to commercial viability by 454 Life Sciences. This new sequencing method generated reads much shorter than those of Sanger sequencing: initially about 100 bases, now 400-500 bases. Its much higher throughput and lower cost (compared to Sanger sequencing) pushed the adoption of this technology by genome centers, which in turn pushed development of sequence assemblers that could efficiently handle the read sets. The sheer amount of data coupled with technology-specific error patterns in the reads delayed development of assemblers; at the beginning in 2004 only the Newbler assembler from 454 was available. Released in mid-2007, the hybrid version of the MIRA assembler by Chevreux et al. was the first freely available assembler that could assemble 454 reads as well as mixtures of 454 reads and Sanger reads. Assembling sequences from different sequencing technologies was subsequently coined hybrid assembly.

From 2006, the Illumina (previously Solexa) technology has been available and can generate about 100 million reads per run on a single sequencing machine. Compare this to the 35 million reads of the human genome project which needed several years to be produced on hundreds of sequencing machines. Illumina was initially limited to a length of only 36 bases, making it less suitable for de novo assembly (such as de novo transcriptome assembly), but newer iterations of the technology achieve read lengths above 100 bases from both ends of a 3-400bp clone.  Announced at the end of 2007, the SHARCGS assembler by Dohm et al. was the first published assembler that was used for an assembly with Solexa reads. It was quickly followed by a number of others.

Later, new technologies like SOLiD from Applied Biosystems, Ion Torrent and SMRT were released and new technologies (e.g. Nanopore sequencing) continue to emerge. Despite the higher error rates of these technologies they are important for assembly because their longer read length helps to address the repeat problem. It is impossible to assemble through a perfect repeat that is longer than the maximum read length; however, as reads become longer the chance of a perfect repeat that large becomes small. This gives longer sequencing reads an advantage in assembling repeats even if they have low accuracy (~85%).

Greedy algorithm

Given a set of sequence fragments, the object is to find a longer sequence that contains all the fragments.
 Сalculate pairwise alignments of all fragments.
 Choose two fragments with the largest overlap.
 Merge chosen fragments.
 Repeat step 2 and 3 until only one fragment is left.
The result need not be an optimal solution to the problem.

Notable assemblers

The following table lists notable assemblers that have a de-novo assembly capability on at least one of the supported technologies.

For a list of mapping aligners, see List of sequence alignment software § Short-read sequence alignment.


"99.9% Sure (I've Never Been Here Before)" is a song written by Billy Austin and Greg Barnhill and recorded by American country music artist Brian McComas. It was released in February 2003 as the third single from McComas' self-titled debut album. The song reached number 10 on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in August 2003. It was also McComas' only entry on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 57.

Critical reception
Brian Mansfield of USA Today stated that the song's "clean steel lines and bright guitars [blend] agreeably on contemporary country radio."

Music video
The music video was directed by Brent Hedgecock and premiered in early 2003.

Chart performance
"99.9% Sure (I've Never Been Here Before)" debuted at number 59 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of March 8, 2003.

Year-end charts


Elmo, Sorano

Elmo is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Sorano, province of Grosseto, in the tuff area of southern Maremma. At the time of the 2001 census its population amounted to 44.

Elmo is about 90 km from Grosseto and 6 km from Sorano, and it is situated along the Provincial Road which links Sorano to Selvena. The village is situated at the foot of the Monte Elmo, one of the southern slopes of Monte Amiata.

Main sights
 San Giovanni Decollato, modern parish church of the village, it was built in the 20th century next to the primitive church dating back to the 16th century.
 Abbey of Montecalvello, built in the Early Middle Ages, it hosted the Benedectine monks and gave shelter to pope Gregory VII in the 11th century. The building is now in ruins.


Mandavalli mandal

Mandavalli mandal is one of the 50 mandals in the Krishna district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.


Ger Reidy

Ger Reidy (Irish: Gearóid Ó Riada), is a GAA goalkeeper currently playing for Castleisland Desmonds and Kerry. He made his intercounty debut in the National League fixture vs. Donegal in Austin Stack Park, Tralee.  He went on to play in 3 further matches in Kerry's ultimately successful 2009 Allianz National Football League Division 1 campaign against Derry, Westmeath and Galway conceding only one goal (to Galway).

For Kerry's 2009 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship campaign he was substitute goalkeeper and although he made no appearance, as a member of the winning squad, he gained his first All Ireland Senior Football medal.

Following the retirement of Diarmuid Murphy he was widely tipped as a front runner for the No 1 shirt and started out the year by winning a McGrath Cup medal when Kerry overcame UCC in the final. He lined out for Kerry against Dublin in the opening match of the 2010 NFL campaign. However on 10 March 2010 he announced his resignation from the Kerry squad.

In October 2010, Ger was part of the Castleisland Desmonds squad who would go on to win RTÉ's Celebrity Bainisteoir competition, beating Ballymun Kickhams in a thrilling final at Parnell Park, Dublin.

In 2012 Ger was goalkeeper for Kingdom Kerry Gaels, a Senior London side based in the north of the city. Despite good team performances in all competitions that year, Ger was part of the losing side in the London Senior Football Final in Ruislip against rivals Tir Chonaill Gaels.  He currently plays for Castleisland Desmonds.

Achievements
 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, 2009
 Allianz National Football League Div.1, 2009
 McGrath Cup 2010
 North Kerry Senior Football Championship, 2007
 RTÉ Celebrity Bainistéoir, 2010


The International Association of Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysts (IALEIA) is an organization incorporated in the United States in 1981. The function of IALEIA is to advance standards of professionalism in law enforcement intelligence analysis at the local, state, national and international levels. IALEIA's aim is to enhance general understanding of the role of intelligence analysis, encourage the recognition of law enforcement intelligence analysis as a professional endeavor, develop International qualification and competency standards, reinforce professional concepts, develop training standards and curricula, supply advisory and related services on intelligence analysis matters, conduct analytic-related research studies and provide the ability to disseminate information regarding analytical techniques and methods.

IALEIA is the largest organization of its kind in the world.  It is a sister organization to the Australian Institute of Professional Intelligence Officers (AIPIO). Its members are eligible for certification by IALEIA's certification arm, formerly known as the Society of Certified Criminal Analysts (SCCA).  It is also closely aligned with the Law Enforcement Intelligence Unit (LEIU), with which IALEIA has held joint annual conferences.

IALEIA teaches a basic law enforcement intelligence analysis course called the Foundations of Intelligence Analysis Training (FIAT).  It has been taught by analysts across North America, Europe, and in the Middle East.  It is a five-day course developed by IALEIA members from their practical experience as analysts and is compliant with the standards in the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan and the Law Enforcement Analytic Standards.  Completion of this, or a similar course, is part of the standards for certification.

IALEIA has also been involved in the publication of several intelligence-related documents.  IALEIA has been a member of the Global Intelligence Working Group (GIWG) since its inception in 2002 and has assisted in the development of standards for analytic training and certification as well.

IALEIA is a non-profit, 501(3)(c) organization with about twenty chapters in North and South America and other countries.  Regular membership is open to those who are intelligence analysts or intelligence officers in law enforcement, the military, national or corporate security.  Associate memberships include those in academia.

IALEIA is run by a volunteer board elected by its membership.  Elections are held every two years. It also has an executive advisory board composed of past intelligence leaders and mentors.

External links
Official website


Dieter Stinka

Dieter Stinka (born 10 August 1937) is a former German football player. The midfielder won with Eintracht Frankfurt the German championship in 1959 and reached with the club the legendary 1960 European Cup Final against Real Madrid.

Career
In 1958 he moved to Eintracht Frankfurt, coming from 1. FC Gelnhausen. In his second season at the Eagles, he won the German championship and achieved a runner-up medal in the following season at the European Cup. He played the first three Bundesliga seasons in Frankfurt.

On 3 October 1959, he was called up to the match of the German B national team in Konstanz against Switzerland. Together with Willi Schulz and Ferdinand Wenauer he formed the midfield. Bundestrainer Sepp Herberger called up Eintracht's left midfielder three times for the A national team: Against Belgium in Frankfurt on 8 March 1961, against Northern Ireland in Berlin on 10 May 1961 and against Denmark in Düsseldorf on 20 September 1961 but never received a cap. On his position Horst Szymaniak was seeded since the 1958 FIFA World Cup in Sweden.

The post officer Stinka was a tireless permanent issue in the Eagles' midfield. In 1961 and 1962 he won with Frankfurt the Oberliga Süd runner-up title and appeared in 16 German final round matches. After appearing in the 1965–66 season only four times, Stinka moved to lower class club SV Darmstadt 98, staying there until 1968. At FCA Darmstadt he announced his retirement.

Later Stinka became assistant and reserve squad coach at Eintracht. In the 1983–84 season, he managed FSV Frankfurt.


Joseph M. McShane

Joseph Michael McShane  (born June 19, 1949) is an American Jesuit priest, noted theologian and the current President of Fordham University. He succeeded Joseph A. O'Hare as the university president in 2003. Before becoming President of Fordham University, McShane had previously served as the President of the University of Scranton and Dean of Fordham College at Rose Hill. In addition to his role as President of Fordham University, McShane was appointed to serve on the Commission on Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) Financing by New York Governor David A. Paterson in 2008. On July 1, 2009, McShane threw out the ceremonial first pitch at Yankee Stadium to commemorate the 150th anniversary of baseball at Fordham.

Background

McShane grew up in New York City and graduated from Regis High School. He earned his bachelor's degree from Boston College and went on to earn a master's degree from the same institution in 1972. In 1977, McShane was ordained as a Jesuit priest, after receiving his M.Div and S.T.M.. degrees from the Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley. In 1981, McShane received his Ph.D. in the history of Christianity from the University of Chicago.

Career in academia

From 1982 to 1992 Father Joseph McShane served as a professor of religious studies and eventually chair of religious studies at Le Moyne College. In 1992 he was made Dean of Fordham College at Rose Hill, the largest undergraduate college of Fordham University, where he served until 1998. That year, McShane left Fordham to become the president of the University of Scranton, a Jesuit institution. In 2003 McShane was inaugurated as the 32nd President of Fordham University, the post he currently holds.

Currently, Father McShane is a trustee of Fordham University ex officio, Santa Clara University in California, the YMCA of Greater New York, and the Commission on Independent Colleges and Universities.  He formerly served on the board of Loyola University New Orleans. Father McShane also serves on the board of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities.

On April 19, 2017, Fordham University faculty voted no confidence in President McShane's leadership, based on violations of shared governance and his administration's management of a labor dispute with the University's contingent faculty. The vote was 88% in favor of no confidence.

Father Joseph McShane, S.J. also serves on the Bloomberg Philanthropies Board of Directors.

Plans for Fordham University

In 2006 McShane unveiled a plan to enhance the reputation and the quality of education at Fordham University. The long-term goal of the University, according to McShane's plan, is to make Fordham the country's preeminent Catholic institution of higher learning. McShane believes that Fordham's location within New York City and its identity as a Jesuit institution are central to this vision. McShane has identified four key components of this strategic plan, as stated in a University press release:
 to advance the culture of scholarship, teaching, research and service for faculty by investing in endowed chairs and faculty development to enhance recruitment and retention and secure world-class stature for University professors

 to develop graduate and professional programs that can win distinctive excellence, national prominence and external support, as well as enhance the graduate and professional learning environment

 to develop and sustain an undergraduate culture of learning and living that will be recognized for distinctive excellence and achieve national prominence

 to generate and sustain the funding necessary to support investments in physical resources and the University endowment, and to fuel growth in annual giving.

Part of the plan was entitled Toward 2016, a reference toward the 175th anniversary of the founding of Fordham University. This 10-year phase was approved in 2005, and sought to raise Fordham to prominence among American Catholic universities by 2016.

Additionally, McShane has unveiled an ambitious plan for the Lincoln Center Campus of Fordham University. The plan involves razing  several buildings on the  Lincoln Center campus to make room for a new School of Law, an expanded library, student housing, a student activities center, and parking facilities. The plan will add an additional  of space to the campus. On June 30, 2009, the plan was approved by the New York City Council.


Kai Møller

Kai Bisgaard Anker Møller (May 22, 1859 – September 22, 1940) was a Norwegian land owner and politician.

Biography
Møller was born at Dyrendal near Halden in Østfold, Norway.  He was the son of Edvard Johannes Møller (1819–85) and Diderikke Annette Anker (1838-1912). The family moved to Thorsø Manor (Thorsø herregård) at Torsnes when his father took over the estate. He attended Christiania Cathedral School and graduated in 1877. He graduated from the College of Agriculture (Høiere landbruksskole) (now Norwegian University of Life Sciences) at Ås in Akershus during 1880. This was followed by studies in Denmark and the United Kingdom. In 1885 he took over the Thorsø estate.

He served as mayor of Torsnes for several years and held a number of other municipal positions.  He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from 1900 to 1903, representing Smaalenenes amt (now Østfold). He was a member of the Liberal Party.

In 1889, he married his cousin Katti Anker Møller. daughter of Herman Anker (1839–1896). They were the parents of physician Tove Mohr.


1982 Texas A&M Aggies football team

The 1982 Texas A&M Aggies football team represented Texas A&M University in the 1982 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Southwest Conference (SWC). The Aggies were led by head coach Jackie Sherrill in his first season and finished with a record of five wins and six losses (5–6 overall, 3–5 in the SWC).

Schedule

Roster
QB Gary Kubiak, Sr.


The Other I (film)

The Other I' (German: Das andere Ich) is a 1918 Austrian silent fantasy film directed by Fritz Freisler and starring  Raoul Aslan, Fritz Kortner and Magda Sonja.

Cast
 Raoul Aslan as Fritz
 Fritz Kortner as Professor
 Magda Sonja as Therese


Phytoecia varentzovi

Phytoecia varentzovi is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Semenov in 1896.


.22 Short

.22 Short is a variety of .22 caliber (5.6 mm) rimfire ammunition. Developed in 1857 for the first Smith & Wesson revolver, the .22 rimfire was the first American metallic cartridge. The original loading was a  bullet and  of black powder. The original .22 rimfire cartridge was renamed .22 Short with the introduction of the .22 Long in 1871.

Developed for self defense, the modern .22 Short, though still used in a few pocket pistols and mini-revolvers, is mainly used as a quiet round for practice by the recreational shooter. The .22 Short was popularly used in shooting galleries at fairs and arcades; several rifle makers produced "gallery" models for .22 Short exclusively. Due to its low recoil and good inherent accuracy, the .22 Short was used for the Olympic 25 meter rapid fire pistol event until 2004, and they were allowed in the shooting part of modern pentathlon competitions before they switched to air pistols.

Several makes of starter pistols use .22 Short blank cartridges. Some powder-actuated nail guns use the .22 Short cartridge as a power source.

Overview

Most .22 Short bullets are made of lead (usually coated with grease or wax, or copper) in round nose or hollow point styles. Bullets for use at shooting galleries were often made of compressed powdered metal that disintegrated on impact to avoid ricochets and over-penetration of backstops. The standard velocity .22 Short launches a  bullet at  with 70 ft·lbf (95 J) of energy from a 22 in (559 mm) rifle barrel and can penetrate  of soft pine.

As a hunting round, the high velocity hollow point Short is useful only for small game such as tree squirrels and rabbits. For small game hunting in general, the greater energy and wider ammunition selection of the .22 Long Rifle make it a more popular choice. In the American South, the .22 Short hollow point is still very popular for use on raccoons, which are treed at night using dogs and shooting is at close range.  In some states, the .22 Short is the only legal round to use for such hunting.

Although the .22 Long Rifle has surpassed the .22 Short in the marketplace, many ammunition companies still produce .22 Shorts, and in a fairly wide variety. Most makers utilize the standard  solid round nose bullet and  hollow point bullet weights for the .22 Short. Several types are made by CCI: a CB Short at , target Shorts at , their standard Short round with plated round nose bullet at , and a high speed hunting load with plated hollow point bullet at . The .22 Short high-velocity exceeds the performance of the .22 Long (with the exception of CCI's High Velocity 1217fps Long loading), and the .22 Short has displaced the .22 Long as an alternate to the .22 Long Rifle for many .22 shooters. Fiocchi makes their Exacta Compensated Super Match SM200 with lead round nose at . Remington produces a high velocity plated round nose at . Aguila makes both a match lead round nose at , and a "high speed" round with plated bullet also listed at . Also available is the RWS R25 match ammunition at . Eley also makes their rapid fire match cartridge at .

Most of the target oriented and CB Shorts are very quiet, due to being subsonic. When fired from a full-length rifle barrel, most .22 Short loadings are as quiet as if not quieter than, the average air rifle.

The Aguila SubSonic Sniper round uses a .22 Short case with a  bullet (twice the weight of the .22 short bullet and half again as heavy as a .22 Long Rifle bullet) giving an overall length of a .22 Long Rifle round, making categorizing the SSS problematic: while the SSS case size is .22 Short, the firing chamber of the barrel must be .22 LR dimensions to accept the SSS cartridge.

.22 Short-caliber rifles

There have been many rifles chambered for the .22 Short over the years, but only several lever action rifles are currently chambered for this round, notably Henry Repeating Arms and Marlin Firearms Co. lever action rifles. The Marlin Golden 39A model represents the oldest and longest continuously produced shoulder firearm in the world.  Many rifles in .22 Short were made between 1901 and 1940, mostly intended for gallery shooting and small game hunting.  Remington and Winchester produced the most rifles in .22 Short.  Remington has made their Model 24 and Model 241 "Speedmaster" semi-autos as well as their Model 12 and 121 "Fieldmaster" pump actions in .22 Short.  Remington's Nylon 66 GS Gallery Special (1962 to 1981) was one of the last .22 Short-only rifles made especially for shooting gallery use.  Winchester produced a variety of different rifles in .22 Short, including the 1873 lever action, 1885 single shot (in both low wall and high wall variations), Model 1890, 1906 and 62A pump actions, Model 74 semi-auto, and Model 61 pump action.  Many of their bolt action rifles were available on a special order basis in .22 Short.  Browning/FN also produced their dainty takedown semi-auto in .22 Short, on the same John Browning design upon which the Remington Model 24 is based.

Many of these rifles are now collectors’ items, particularly the Winchesters, and demand a premium in price over the same rifle chambered in .22 Long Rifle.

Many rifles marked ".22 Short, Long and Long Rifle" (or ".22 S, L, LR") will not shoot Shorts with the same accuracy as they will a Long Rifle round nor as accurately as a rifle designed for .22 Short. This is due to the excess chamber length needed to allow chambering of .22 LR cartridges.  This requires the bullet from a .22 Short to travel a short distance before it engages the rifling, which is detrimental to accuracy. In addition, barrels made for .22 Short are rifled with a rate of twist of one turn in twenty inches, while barrels made for .22 Long Rifle have a twist of one turn in sixteen inches.


Tritonia bayeri

Tritonia bayeri is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae.

Distribution
The distribution of Tritonia bayeri includes Georgia, Florida, Belize, Honduras, Cayman Islands, Virgin Islands, Guadaloupe, Barbados and Panama.

Description
The shape of the body is elongate and narrow. Rhinophoral sheaths are elevated with an irregular edge. Cerata are relatively short and branched. Edge of the oral veil is with relatively long appendages. Rhinophores are long and branched. Background color is translucent gray with a distinctive reticulate network of opaque white across the dorsum. It is up to 11 mm long.

Ecology
It was found on gorgonians and coral rubble in Panama. Minimum recorded depth is 11 m. It inhabits reefs down to 77 m depth. This species feeds on the octocorals Briareum asbestinum, Leptogorgia virgulata and Pseudopterogorgia sp.


John Vinci

John Vinci (born February 6, 1937) is a Chicago-based American architect who works on architectural preservation of historic buildings in addition to new designs.

He is noted for the rehabilitation of many noted landmarks including Frank Lloyd Wright’s studio in Oak Park, Illinois, Louis Sullivan’s Carson Pirie Scott department store and the reconstruction of the Adler and Sullivan Stock Exchange Trading Room inside the Art Institute of Chicago.

Early life, education and career

John Vinci was born on February 6, 1937 in Chicago, Illinois to Italian immigrants Nicholas Vinci and his wife, Nicoline and is the youngest of Nicholas' seven children.  He received a Bachelor of Architecture from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1960 and began his architectural career at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill in Chicago before moving to Brenner Danforth Rockwell Architects. He has since headed his own firms, including Vinci/Kenny Architects (1969-1979), and the Office of John Vinci, Inc. (1980-1995).  He is currently partnered with Philip Hamp in Vinci | Hamp Architects (VHA)

In addition to his architectural work, Mr. Vinci has extensive experience in the design of art exhibition installations at the Art Institute of Chicago and other museums.  Mr. Vinci has also been an instructor of the history of nineteenth and twentieth century architecture at the Illinois Institute of Technology (1972-1992) (2000), and at Roosevelt University (1970-1972).  He has written or contributed to architectural books and publications most notably The Complete Architecture of Adler and Sullivan, (Aaron Siskind and Richard Nickel with John Vinci and Ward Miller, 2011, Published by The Richard Nickel Committee).

Select Restoration Work
 Frank Lloyd Wright's Studio in Oak Park, Illinois
 Louis Sullivan’s Carson Pirie Scott department store
 The exterior masonry of H.H. Richardson's John J. Glessner House
 The Art Institute of Chicago's Grand Stair and Lobby
 The reconstruction of the Adler and Sullivan Chicago Stock Exchange Trading Room inside the Art Institute of Chicago.

Select new designs
 South Kenwood Residence (2001)
 The Arts Club of Chicago (1997)
 The National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame (2000)
 The Manilow Residence., with Max Gordon (1991)

Select Awards

 AIA, Chicago Chapter, Lifetime Achievement Award, 2014
 Named Legendary Landmark, 2011, Landmark Illinois
 AIA, Chicago Chapter: Honor Award for restoration of Hyde Park Historical Society (former Chicago Street Railway Company) Building, 1981
 AIA, Chicago Chapter: Honor Award for restoration of the Trading Room, Art Institute of Chicago, 1980
 AIA, Chicago Chapter: Honor Award for restoration of Carson, Pirie, Scott & Co. Department Store, 1980


Freedom of movement under United States law is governed primarily by the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the United States Constitution which states, "The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States." Since the circuit court ruling in Corfield v. Coryell, 6 Fed. Cas. 546 (1823), freedom of movement has been judicially recognized as a fundamental Constitutional right. In Paul v. Virginia, 75 U.S. 168 (1869), the Court defined freedom of movement as "right of free ingress into other States, and egress from them." However, the Supreme Court did not invest the federal government with the authority to protect freedom of movement.  Under the "privileges and immunities" clause, this authority was given to the states, a position the Court held consistently through the years in cases such as Ward v. Maryland, 79 U.S. 418 (1871), the Slaughter-House Cases, 83 U.S. 36 (1873) and United States v. Harris, 106 U.S. 629 (1883).

Travel within the United States

Constitutional freedom
As early as the Articles of Confederation the Congress recognized freedom of movement (Article 4), though the right was thought to be so fundamental during the drafting of the Constitution as not needing explicit enumeration.

The U.S. Supreme Court in Crandall v. Nevada,  declared that freedom of movement is a fundamental right and therefore a state cannot inhibit people from leaving the state by taxing them. In United States v. Wheeler, 254 U.S. 281 (1920), the Supreme Court reiterated its position that the Constitution did not grant the federal government the power to protect freedom of movement. However, Wheeler had a significant impact in other ways. For many years, the roots of the Constitution's "privileges and immunities" clause had only vaguely been determined. In 1823, the circuit court in Corfield had provided a list of the rights (some fundamental, some not) which the clause could cover. The Wheeler court dramatically changed this. It was the first to locate the right to travel in the privileges and immunities clause, providing the right with a specific guarantee of constitutional protection. By reasoning that the clause derived from Article IV of the Articles of Confederation, the decision suggested a narrower set of rights than those enumerated in Corfield, but also more clearly defined those rights as absolutely fundamental. The Supreme Court began rejecting Wheeler's reasoning within a few years.  Finally, in United States v. Guest, 383 U.S. 745 (1966), the Supreme Court overruled Chief Justice White's conclusion that the federal government could protect the right to travel only against state infringement.

The Supreme Court has specifically ruled that Crandall does not imply a right to use any particular mode of travel, such as driving an automobile. In Hendrick v. Maryland (1915), the appellant asked the Court to void Maryland's motor vehicle statute as a violation of the freedom of movement. The Court found "no solid foundation" for the appellant's argument and unanimously held that "in the absence of national legislation covering the subject, a state may rightfully prescribe uniform regulations necessary for public safety and order in respect to the operation upon its highways of all motor vehicles — those moving in interstate commerce as well as others."

The U.S. Supreme Court also dealt with the right to travel in the case of Saenz v. Roe, 526 U.S. 489 (1999).  In that case, Justice John Paul Stevens, writing for the majority, held that the United States Constitution protected three separate aspects of the right to travel among the states:

(1) the right to enter one state and leave another (an inherent right with historical support from the Articles of Confederation),

(2) the right to be treated as a welcome visitor rather than a hostile stranger (protected by the "Privileges and Immunities" clause in Article IV, § 2), and

(3) (for those who become permanent residents of a state) the right to be treated equally to native-born citizens (this is protected by the 14th Amendment's Privileges or Immunities Clause; citing the majority opinion in the Slaughter-House Cases, Justice Stevens said, "the Privileges or Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment . . . has always been common ground that this Clause protects the third component of the right to travel.").

Mann Act
The 1910 Mann Act (White-Slave Traffic Act) among other things banned the interstate transport of females for otherwise undefined "immoral purposes", which were taken to include consensual extramarital sex. This act was used, in addition to less controversial cases, to allow federal prosecution of unmarried couples who had for some reason come to the attention of the authorities; interracial couples (e.g. boxer Jack Johnson) and people with left-wing views (e.g. Charlie Chaplin) were prosecuted. The Act has since been amended to be gender-neutral and now applies only to sexual activity which is separately illegal (such as prostitution and sex with a minor).

Implications
The Court's establishment of a strong constitutional right to freedom of movement has also had far-reaching and unintended effects.  For example, the Supreme Court overturned state prohibitions on welfare payments to individuals who had not resided within the jurisdiction for at least one year as an impermissible burden on the right to travel (Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S. 618 (1969)). The Court has also struck down one-year residency requirements for voting in state elections (Dunn v. Blumstein, 405 U.S. 330 (1972)), one-year waiting periods before receiving state-provided medical care (Memorial Hospital v. Maricopa County, 415 U.S. 250 (1974)), civil service preferences for state veterans (Attorney Gen. of New York v. Soto-Lopez, 476 U.S. 898 (1986)), but upheld higher fishing and hunting license fees for out-of-state residents (Baldwin v. Fish and Game Commission of Montana, 436 U.S. 371 (1978)).

Current US Code addresses air travel specifically.  In , "Sovereignty and use of airspace", the Code specifies that "A citizen of the United States has a public right of transit through the navigable airspace."

A strong right to freedom of movement may yet have even farther-reaching implications.  The Supreme Court has acknowledged that freedom of movement is closely related to freedom of association and to freedom of expression. Strong constitutional protection for the right to travel may have significant implications for state attempts to limit abortion rights, ban or refuse to recognize same-sex marriage, and enact anti-crime or consumer protection laws. It may even undermine current Court-fashioned concepts of federalism.

Free speech zones
A related issue deals with free speech zones designated during political protests. Although such zones were in use by the 1960s and 1970 due to the Vietnam-era protests, they were not widely reported in the media. However, the controversy over their use resurfaced during the 2001-2009 Bush presidency. In essence, Free Speech Zones prevent a person from having complete mobility as a consequence of their exercising their right to speak freely. Courts have accepted time, place, and manner restrictions on free speech in the United States, but such restrictions must be narrowly tailored, and free speech zones have been the subject of lawsuits.

International travel

History
From 1776 to 1783, no state government had a passport requirement. The Articles of Confederation government (1783–1789) did not have a passport requirement. From 1789 through late 1941, the government established under the Constitution required United States passports of citizens only during the American Civil War (1861–1865) and during and shortly after World War I (1914–1918). The passport requirement of the Civil War era lacked statutory authority. After the outbreak of World War I, passports were required by executive order, though there was no statutory authority for the requirement. The Travel Control Act of May 22, 1918 permitted the president, when the United States was at war, to proclaim a passport requirement, and a proclamation was issued on August 18, 1918. Though World War I ended on November 11, 1918, the passport requirement lingered until March 3, 1921. There was an absence of a passport requirement under United States law between 1921 and 1941. World War II (1939–1945) again led to passport requirements under the Travel Control Act of 1918. A 1978 amendment to the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 made it illegal to enter or depart the United States without an issued passport even in peacetime.  Note that the amendment does permit the President to make exceptions; historically, these exceptions have been used to permit travel to certain countries (particularly Canada) without a passport.  As of 2016-08-10,  tourism sites still discuss which alternative documents are acceptable, and which ceased to be sufficient in 2007 or 2008.

Restrictions
As per § 215 of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (currently codified at ), it is unlawful for a United States citizen to enter or exit the United States without a valid United States passport.

As per Haig v. Agee and the Passport Act of 1926 (currently codified at  et seq.), the Presidential administration may deny or revoke passports for foreign policy or national security reasons at any time. The Secretary of State has historically in times of peace refused passports for one of three reasons: citizenship or loyalty, criminal conduct, or when the applicant was seeking to "escape the toils of law." Laws and regulations on restricting passports have generally been categorized as personal restrictions or area restrictions and have generally been justified for national security or foreign policy reasons. Perhaps the most notable example of enforcement of this ability was the 1948 denial of a passport to U.S. Representative Leo Isacson, who sought to go to Paris to attend a conference as an observer for the American Council for a Democratic Greece, a Communist front organization, because of the group's role in opposing the Greek government in the Greek Civil War.

In Kent v. Dulles, 357 U.S. 116 (1958), the United States Secretary of State had refused to issue a passport to an American citizen based on the suspicion that the plaintiff was going abroad to promote communism (personal restrictions/national security). Although the Court did not reach the question of constitutionality in this case, the Court, in an opinion by Justice William O. Douglas, held that the federal government may not restrict the right to travel without due process:
The right to travel is a part of the 'liberty' of which the citizen cannot be deprived without due process of law under the Fifth Amendment.  If that "liberty" is to be regulated, it must be pursuant to the law-making functions of the Congress. . . . . Freedom of movement across frontiers in either direction, and inside frontiers as well, was a part of our heritage. Travel abroad, like travel within the country, . . . may be as close to the heart of the individual as the choice of what he eats, or wears, or reads. Freedom of movement is basic in our scheme of values.

Six years later, the Court struck down a federal ban restricting travel by communists (Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500 (1964))(personal restrictions, national security, First Amendment). But the court struggled to find a way to protect national interests (such as national security) in light of these decisions. Just a year after Aptheker, the Supreme Court fashioned the rational basis test for constitutionality in Zemel v. Rusk, 381 U.S. 1 (1965) (area restrictions, foreign policy), as a way of reconciling the rights of the individual with the interests of the state.

Transportation Security Administration
The issue of freedom of movement has received new attention in the United States , particularly concerning the methods and practices of the Transportation Security Administration.  On August 5, 1974, the Air Transportation Security and Anti-Hijacking Acts of 1974 (P.L. 93-366) were signed.  Among many important provisions, this landmark aviation security law directed that regulations be prescribed requiring weapons-detecting screening of all passengers and carry-on property.  The law is located in Title 49, United States Code (U.S.C.), sections 44901 (Screening passengers and property) and 44902 (Refusal to transport passengers and property).  For many decades an airline ticket's fine print has contained an agreement by the purchaser to submit to a search for unlawful dangerous weapons, explosives or other destructive substances.  The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is responsible for such screening prior to departures from commercial airports within the United States since the signing of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (P.L. 107-71) on November 19, 2001.  Freedom of movement is not denied unless a passenger refuses to submit to a search required by law.  There are, however, a number of other safety and homeland-security-related issues covered in 49 U.S.C. Chapter 449 and Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations in the 1540 series that could impede movement, such as a passenger's name appearing on a "no fly" or "selectee" list. Regardless of the constitutionality of laws passed post-9/11 with respect to freedom of movement being a privilege, all U.S. citizens have the right to travel or move within and between the 50 states without the requirement of submitting to a search of one's person or property prior to travel or movement.

Another issue of contention deals with freedom of movement across U.S. national borders. The United States has long permitted persons to cross from Canada into the United States with few controls. Concerns about drug trafficking and illegal immigrants seeking employment have led to much stricter controls on those crossing the border from Mexico.

An attempt to ban travel to Cuba was deemed unconstitutional, but travel to Cuba was de facto prohibited by the Trading with the Enemy Act which bans spending money in Cuba without a license issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the U.S. Treasury Department.

Restrictions as punishment
The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA), codified at 42 USC 652(k), saw the beginning of restrictions on freedom of movement as a punishment for child support debtors.  Constitutional challenges to these restrictions have thus far failed in Weinstein v. Albright and Eunique v. Powell.  Federal Appeals Courts in the Second and Ninth Circuits, although expressing due process concerns, have held that collection of child support is an important government interest, that the right to travel internationally was not a fundamental right and that laws restricting this right need not pass strict scrutiny.  In a dissenting opinion in Eunique, Judge Andrew Kleinfeld categorized the measure as a punishment for unpaid debts. "This passport ban is more reasonably seen, in light of the penalties the states are required to impose for nonpayment of child support ... not as a means of facilitating collection, but as a penalty for past nonpayment." "All debtors should pay their debts. Debts for child support have special moral force. But that does not justify tossing away a constitutional liberty so important that it has been a constant of Anglo-American law since Magna Carta, and of civilized thought since Plato."

A number of constitutional scholars and advocates for reform strongly oppose restricting the human right to travel to a person who has committed no crime, and assert that the practice violates basic constitutional rights. Similarly, anyone claimed to be in arrears on child support can have certain types of vehicular driver's license revoked or suspended, severely restricting their freedom to travel. Critics point to cases where the lapse in support payments was caused by loss of employment yet the response of revoking the right to freely travel by car further impedes the ability to resume payments by limiting the ability to find employment and travel to a workplace.

International Bill of Human Rights
The International Bill of Human Rights is an informal name given to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted in 1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) with its two Optional Protocols, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966).

Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights reads:

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each State.
(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.

Article 12 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights incorporates this right into treaty law:

(1) Everyone lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within that territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence.
(2) Everyone shall be free to leave any country, including his own.
(3) The above-mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except those provided by law, are necessary to protect national security, public order (ordre publique), public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present Covenant.
(4) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country.


Edward Wheller

Edward Wheller (23 May 1896 – 14 December 1968) was a British hurdler. He competed in the men's 400 metres hurdles at the 1920 Summer Olympics.


Mayur Linux

Mayur Linux is a linux distribution based on LinuxPAE64 kernel. The aim of Mayur Linux is to use same set of device drivers for i386 and x86-64 operating system. The kernel runs in compatibility mode and applications can run in 64-bit mode or compatibility mode.


Särö Västerskog

Särö Västerskog is a nature reserve located in Kungsbacka Municipality, Sweden, on a peninsula west of the locality of Särö. It was established in 1974 and is currently part of the Natura 2000 ecological network.

The reserve has an area of 55 hectares; it is mostly covered with forest, but there are also pastures and beaches, as well as graves from the Nordic Bronze Age. The most common trees are oak and pine, some of which are 200–300 years old. In 1914, a pine tree with 480 growth rings was found - probably the oldest known pine in Halland. Furthermore, the reserve houses the largest population of the common yew in Sweden.

55 species in the IUCN Red List have been found in the reserve, including many lichens and beetles.


Takuya Ide

is a Japanese actor and singer represented by Space Craft Entertainment. Ide was the keyboardist and rapper of Cocoa Otoko. He was also a former member of the boy band Ryoga. He was a "TV Senshi" in the NHK Educational TV series Tensai TV-kun Series from 2001 to 2004.

Biography
On 1993 Ide debuted as a model in Harajuku.

From April 2001 to March 2005 he appeared in 'Tensai TV-kun Series'' as a "TV Senshi".

On 2010 Ide became a member of Cocoa Otoko. The group later disbanded on March 2012. He later became a solo singer in 2013. Ide graduated from Aoyama Gakuin University in March 2015. On April 2016 he later became a member of the dance vocal group Ryoga. He left Ryoga on December 31st, 2017.

Filmography

Drama

Anime

Films

Stage

One-man shows

Variety

Other TV series

Bibliography

Magazines

Books


Movie World Studios

Movie World Studios is a themed land at Parque Warner Madrid in San Martín de la Vega, near Madrid, Spain. Though named for the real-life studio Movie World Studios that is situated near Warner Bros. Movie World, the "land" represents a backlot from the Golden Age of Hollywood, when Warner Bros. was first founded. 1930s Golden Age theming is the inspiration of the area in addition to the Brownstone town homes of New York City, and attractions such a backlot of a typical Hollywood studio are themed to this concept.

Attractions include Hotel Embrujado and the Police Academy Stunt Show, which opened with the park in 2002 and is based on the Warner Bros. film Police Academy, Cine Tour, inspired by scenic California, and a Yogi Bear themed water ride.

Movie World Studios was the third themed land of the theme park to be completed, behind Hollywood Boulevard and Cartoon Village, construction was completed in December of 2001.

Attractions and entertainment
 Police Academy Stunt Show
 Stunt Fall
 Oso Yogui
 Hotel Embrujado
 Cine Tour

Restaurants and refreshments
 Buzz's Gas
 Jack's Fish Market
 Dockside Drinks
 Casa Del Sol
 Studio Cafe
 The Sweet Shop Candy Studios


Akalangalil Abhayam

Akalangalil Abhayam is a 1980 Indian Malayalam film, directed by Jeassy and produced by Joy Kuriakose and C. Chacko. The film stars Madhu, Sheela, Sharada, MG Soman and Sukumaran in the lead roles. The film has musical score by G. Devarajan.

Cast

Madhu as Raghuraman
Sheela
Sharada
Sukumaran as Unni
Ambika
M. G. Soman as Balachandran
Sukumari
Manavalan Joseph
Sankaradi
Justin
Mala Aravindan
Sadhana
Veeran

Soundtrack
The music was composed by G. Devarajan and the lyrics were written by R. K. Damodaran.


City of Bones (Connelly novel)

City of Bones is the twelfth novel by American crime author Michael Connelly, and the eighth featuring the Los Angeles detective Hieronymus "Harry" Bosch. It was named a Notable Book of the Year by the New York Times.

Plot summary
On New Year’s Day, a dog digs up a bone in Laurel Canyon outside of Los Angeles. The dog’s owner, a doctor, recognizes the bone as human and calls it in to the police. Hieronymus “Harry” Bosch takes on the case together with his colleague Jerry Edgar and after investigating the matter further, a shallow grave containing the bones of a child, is discovered. Bosch can’t let go of the case, a case that brings back memories from his own childhood, and starts an investigation. The only clue that he has to go on is the skateboard found during a search at a suspect's house. The body turns out to have been a 12-year-old boy that has been buried 20 years earlier. To solve the murder, Bosch has to dig through records of cases involving disappearances and runaways dating far back in time. In order to try to solve the crime, Bosch has to chase down possible witnesses and suspects from near and far. After 20 years time, a lot of the details once remembered about the disappearance of the boy are blurred and leads Bosch fumbling in the dark. At the same time, a female rookie named Julia Brasher joins the department. Even though Bosch has been warned not to fall for a rookie, he does and this leads to further complications, both inside and outside of the investigation.


The Bishop Revival

"The Bishop Revival" is the 14th episode of the second season of the American science fiction drama television series Fringe. The episode's storyline followed Nazi scientist Alfred Hoffman (Craig Robert Young) as he specially designed airborne toxins to kill only surrounding people with similar genetic traits, such as people with brown eyes.

It was written by Glen Whitman and Robert Chiappetta, and directed by Adam Davidson. Along with Young and a number of small guest parts, the episode featured another guest appearance by Clark Middleton as rare book seller Edward Markham. "The Bishop Revival" first aired in the United States on January 28, 2010 on the Fox network to an estimated 9.153 million viewers. Critical reception for the episode ranged from positive to mixed, as reviewers were divided on the episode's villain.

Plot
15 people suffocate at a Jewish wedding, appearing to have asphyxiated from the inside out. When the Fringe team arrives, Olivia (Anna Torv) identifies that all the victims were from the groom's side, whose grandmother was a Holocaust survivor -  and Walter (John Noble) surmises that they were all killed via their shared genetic traits. Later, a similar mass death occurs at a coffee shop, in which Walter recognizes the victims all had brown eyes, another common genetic trait. From fingerprints found at the scene, they discover the culprit is Alfred Hoffman (Craig Robert Young), a Nazi scientist apparently somehow over 100 years old. Walter realizes that the man likely worked with his own father, Robert Bishoff (a German scientist who defected to the US in 1943 and anglicised his name), in creating a chemical agent that, once heated as a gas, could be used to target any specific trait using DNA from the target subject—especially those not of the master race. Though Walter originally had his father's files on the subject, his son Peter (Joshua Jackson), 10 years earlier, had sold them; Peter tries to recover the files but finds some have been used by an artist to create sensationalism art, causing Walter to become distraught.

They trace Hoffman to his home, finding his equipment used to create the chemical agent downstairs but no sign of Hoffman. Walter nearly suffocates from an agent left by Hoffman, but Olivia and Peter are able to save him in time. As the FBI search the premises, they find evidence that points to a convention being held to promote world equality. Olivia and Peter depart to try to find Hoffman, while Walter remains behind, examining Hoffman's equipment.

At the convention, Hoffman has replaced the heating elements for the chafing dishes with his own. Olivia and Peter struggle with locating Hoffman before Walter and Astrid (Jasika Nicole) arrive. Walter uses a fogger to distribute his own chemical agent, this time specific to Hoffman, and soon the man is found dying. As the team regroups, Walter fully admits to killing Hoffman, a crime in itself, but Broyles (Lance Reddick) decides to let Walter go. Later, Peter has been able to recover the rest of his grandfather's work and returns it to Walter; Walter then goes through the files, finding an old photo of his father and Hoffman working together.

Production
"The Bishop Revival" was the third episode to be written by writing partners Glen Whitman and Robert Chiappetta. It was the only Fringe episode directed by Adam Davidson.

"The Bishop Revival" revealed that the seahorse shown in promotions since the series began was in fact a genetically encoded "signature" created by Walter's father Dr. Robert Bishop. In an interview after the episode's broadcast, consulting producer Akiva Goldsman cited "The Bishop Revival" when discussing the use of flashbacks in Fringe; he stated his disinclination to use too many flashbacks in the series, explaining "I think flashbacks are really useful and there are a couple of places where it will be useful. But fundamentally, no, I don't think we're a show that will be doing a lot of jumping back in time despite the single horde of calls for the 'Walter's Grandfather Nazi Hunting' series. I think not, but it was fun to do [in the 'Peter' episode]."

Guest stars for the episode included Craig Robert Young, Max Train, Sierra Pitkin, Brendon Zub, Barbara Kottmeier, John Macintyre, Lauren Attadia, Al Miro, Aaron Brooks, Magda Harout, Leonard Tenisci, Alberta Mayne, Nancy Linari, and Dan Joffre. Clark Middleton, who was last seen in the first season episode "Ability", made his second guest appearance in "The Bishop Revival" as rare bookseller Edward Markham.

Cultural references
The episode contained two pieces of music from the 19th century German composer Johannes Brahms: his Piano Quartet No. 1, Op.25 in G Major: III. Andante Con Moto-Animato and Piano Quartet No. 1, Op.25 in G Minor: II. Intermezzo: Allegro Ma Non Troppo-Trio: Animato. Also in the episode, someone is seen holding a Dharma Initiative tea bag, a reference to the mysterious organization on the science fiction series Lost.

The Nazi in this episode appears to be Reichsführer of the Schutzstaffel, Heinrich Himmler. Aside from looking like the character, Himmler was also both a Nordicist and a Nazi Occultist. At one point in the episode, a scared elderly woman points at him screaming, "It's him... it's him...!" This has a double meaning, as she could have been saying "It's him!" or she could have been trying to say "It's Himmler!"

Reception

Ratings
In a Thursday night filled mostly with repeats, Fox's airing of new episodes Bones and Fringe finished #1 among adults aged 18–49, with an estimated 9.153 million viewers tuning in. Fringe was up fifteen percent from the previous week with a 3.0 rating, tying its highest 18–49 ratings share for the season. It was the second most viewed episode of the season after the season premiere "A New Day in the Old Town".

Reviews

The episode received mixed to positive reviews from television critics. Jane Boursaw of TV Squad wasn't sure what to think about "The Bishop Revival", but loved the plotline about Walter's dad being a German spy working for the US government. Alternately, Annalee Newitz of io9 called the episode "surprisingly meh"; while appreciating "all the weird family revelations about the Bishops", she believed the revelations about Walter's father to be "too much" because "we didn't need that extra backstory". Newitz wished Fringe had brought back Olivia's childhood subplot and its ties with Walter and Peter. The A.V. Club columnist Noel Murray was also critical of the episode, explaining "Plotwise, there wasn't much going on in 'The Bishop Revival.'... The FD tracked down a criminal and felled that criminal; that's really it." Murray did however praise the killer's methods and "Aryan aloofness" as "cool" and "delightfully old-school". Like Newitz, Tim Grierson of the magazine New York believed the episode contained "stupid revelations"; for instance, the Nazi connection of Walter's father "just felt like a variation on season one's episodes in which bizarre phenomena could always magically be linked back to Walter's work for the government. Obviously, this info about Peter's grandfather was supposed to be 'shocking,' showing how the Bishop family's scientific work can so easily be perverted for evil, but by this point it just seems like a very artificial, unnecessary ploy to keep us engaged."

Other than a few minor complaints with the episode's logic, IGN writer Ramsey Isler thought positively about "The Bishop Revival" and the Nazi story element in particular, stating "there's a definite unique Fringe flavor that makes this story work". Isler disliked the unsolved mystery of Hoffman however, writing the "story really had the feel of one of those intriguing but ultimately disposable stories in the Fringe library". Jennifer Walker from TV Fanatic called the episode "amazing" and a "heart stopper", while Andrew Hanson of the Los Angeles Times enjoyed the father-son dynamic. Ken Tucker from Entertainment Weekly wrote "The Bishop Revival" was "one of the series' most satisfying stand-alone episodes" because it featured a "good threat" and gave more information about the Bishop family's backstory. Tucker praised John Noble's performance, as his "portrayal of Walter encompasses everything from endearing daffiness to ferocious concentration and commitment". MTV's Josh Wigler believed the episode was "terrific," but wished there was more of a balance between the show's three leads, and that Olivia was featured on a regular basis. He, Hanson, and other critics agreed that this and the previous week's episode gave Fringe some strong momentum heading into the winter finale. Though normally skeptical of the series' many fringe cases, Popular Mechanics called the episode Fringes "most plausible case yet".

Awards and nominations

At the 2011 Young Artist Awards, Sierra Pitkin received a nomination for Best Performance in a TV Series under the category "Guest Starring Young Actress Ten and Under".