The Bedford Incident

The Bedford Incident (aka Aux Postes De Combat) is a 1965 British-American Cold War film starring Richard Widmark and Sidney Poitier and co-produced by Widmark. The cast also features Eric Portman, James MacArthur, Martin Balsam and Wally Cox, as well as early appearances by Donald Sutherland and Ed Bishop. The screenplay by James Poe is based on the 1963 book by Mark Rascovich, which borrowed from the plot of Herman Melville's Moby-Dick; at one point in the film, the captain is advised he is "not chasing whales now". The film was directed by James B. Harris, who, until then, had been best known as Stanley Kubrick's producer.

Plot
The American destroyer USS Bedford (DLG-113) detects a Soviet submarine in the GIUK gap near the coast of Greenland. Although the U.S. and the Soviet Union are not at war, Captain Eric Finlander mercilessly harries his prey while civilian photojournalist Ben Munceford and NATO naval advisor Commodore Wolfgang Schrepke look on with mounting alarm. Finlander exploits the fact that the Russian sub has to surface periodically to replenish air and recharge batteries because it is not nuclear-powered; knowing full well it will make the Soviets more desperate.

Also aboard the Bedford are Ensign Ralston, an inexperienced young officer constantly being criticised by his captain for small errors and Lieutenant Commander Chester Potter, the ship's new doctor, who is a recently recalled reservist.

Munceford is aboard to photograph life on a Navy destroyer but his real interest is Finlander who recently was passed over for promotion to rear admiral. Munceford is curious whether a comment made by Finlander regarding the American intervention in Cuba is the reason for his lack of promotion. This prompts the captain to become openly hostile to Munceford, who he sees as a civilian who is interfering into military matters for questioning the risks involved in continually harrying the Soviet submarine.

The crew becomes increasingly fatigued by the unrelenting pursuit as the captain continually demands full attention to the instruments. At the same time, Finlander becomes intolerant of anyone who questions his tactics including the ship's doctor who advises him that crew are feeling the pressure but the captain will not relent.

When the submarine is found, it ignores Finlander's order to surface and identify itself. The captain, angered by this defiant act, orders the Bedford to run over its snorkel, ordering that it be logged as an "unidentified floating object". He then orders the Bedford to arm weapons and withdraw to a distance to wait for the submerged sub to run out of air and be forced to surface. Confidently he reassures Munceford and Schrepke that he is in command of the situation and that he will not fire first but "If he fires one, I'll FIRE ONE".

A tired Ensign Ralston mistakes Finlander's remark as a command to "fire one". He launches an anti-submarine rocket which destroys the submarine. Sonar then detects four Soviet nuclear-armed torpedoes  targeting the destroyer. Finlander initially gives basic orders to evade but then silently steps outside the bridge. Munceford follows frantically pleading with the him to do something. But the captain has realised his actions have sealed the fate of everyone on board as the ship cannot evade the nuclear torpedoes. The film ends with still shots of various crewmen "melting" as if the celluloid film were burning as the Bedford and her crew are vaporised in an atomic blast. The film's final image is a mushroom cloud.

Cast
 Richard Widmark as Captain Eric Finlander, USN
 Sidney Poitier as Ben Munceford
 James MacArthur as Ensign Ralston (as James Macarthur)
 Martin Balsam as Lt. Cmdr. Chester Potter, M.D., U.S.N.
 Wally Cox as Seaman Merlin Queffle
 Eric Portman as Commodore Wolfgang Schrepke Deutsche Merine
 Michael Kane as Commander Allison Executive Officer - Bridge
 Colin Maitland as Seaman Jones - Bridge
 Paul Tamarin as Seaman 2nd Class - Bridge
 Frank Lieberman as Seaman 1st Class - Bridge
 James Caffrey as Seaman 1st Class - Bridge
 Burnell Tucker as Seaman 1st Class - Bridge
 Mike Lennox as Lieutenant Krindlemeyer U.S.N. - Bridge (as Michael Graham)
 Bill Edwards as Lieutenant Hazelwood U.S.N. - Bridge
 Stephen Schreiber as Seaman 2nd Class - Bridge (as Stephen Van Schreiber)
 Ronald Rubin as Seaman 1st Class - Bridge
 Eugene Leonard as Seaman 2nd Class - Bridge
 Gary Cockrell as Lieutenant Bascombe U.S.N. - C.I.C.
 Roy Stephens as Seaman 2nd Class - C.I.C.
 George Roubicek as Lieutenant Berger U.S.N. - C.I.C.
 John McCarthy as Seaman 1st Class - C.I.C.
 Shane Rimmer as Seaman 1st Class - C.I.C.
 Glenn Beck as Seaman 2nd Class - C.I.C. (as Glen Beck)
 Brian Davies as Lieutenant Beckman U.S.N. - Communications
 Ed Bishop as Lieutenant Hacker U.S.N. - Communications (as Edward Bishop)
 Paul Carson as Seaman 1st Class - Communications
 Laurence Herder as Petty Officer - Communications
 Phil Brown as Chief Hospitalman McKinley - Sick Bay
 Donald Sutherland as Hospitalman Nerney - Sick Bay
 Warren Stanhope as Hospitalman Strauss - Sick Bay

Production

Writing
The screenplay by James Poe follows the novel fairly closely but Poe wrote a different ending. In the novel, the Soviet submarine does not fire back at Bedford before being destroyed. The shocked Finlander then receives word of his promotion to admiral. Commodore Schrepke, realising that World War III will begin once the events are known, sabotages one of the remaining ASROCs and destroys the ship. Munceford, the sole survivor, is found by Novosibirsk, the submarine's mothership. Unlike the book, the film version ends with the vessels being destroyed by one another. The plot reflects several Cold War incidents between the NATO and Soviet navies, including one in 1957 when USS Gudgeon, a submarine, was caught in Soviet waters and chased out to sea by Soviet warships. Although none ended as catastrophically as the Bedford incident, the story illustrated many of the fears of the time.

Filming
The Bedford Incident was mostly filmed at Shepperton Studios in the UK, although some shots at sea were used. "USS Bedford" was a fictitious guided missile destroyer and the role of Bedford was mostly played by a large model of a Farragut-class destroyer. Interior scenes were filmed in the British Type 15 frigate ; British military equipment can be seen in several shots, including a rack of Lee–Enfield rifles and Troubridge'''s novel, forward-sloping bridge windows. Sidney Poitier's initial flypast and landing from a Whirlwind helicopter were filmed aboard another Type 15 frigate, , whose F159 pennant number is clearly visible. The vessel portraying a Soviet intelligence ship has the name "Novo Sibursk", written on the hull at the bow in the Latin alphabet, not the Russian language's Cyrillic alphabet; "Novosibirsk" is a more accurate English rendering.

Actual Cold War incident
In October 1962, shortly before the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Soviet submarine B-59 was pursued in the Atlantic Ocean by the U.S. Navy. When the Soviet vessel failed to surface, the destroyers began dropping training depth charges. Unlike in The Bedford Incident, the Americans were not aware that the B-59 was armed with a T-5 nuclear torpedo. The Soviet captain, believing that World War III might have started, wanted to launch the weapon but was over-ruled by his flotilla commander, Vasili Arkhipov, who, by coincidence, was using the boat as his command vessel. After an argument, it was agreed that the submarine would surface and await orders from Moscow. It was not until after the fall of the Soviet Union that the weapon's existence and how close the world came to nuclear conflict was made known.


Congelation

Congelation is the process by which something congeals, or thickens. This increase in viscosity can be achieved through a reduction in temperature or through chemical reactions. Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question.

In alchemy, congelation is one of the 12 vital processes for transformation to occur.


City Garden (Sofia)

The City Garden (, Gradska gradina) is Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria's oldest and most central public garden, in existence since 1872. It is located between Tsar Osvoboditel Boulevard to the north, Knyaz Alexander Battenberg Street to the west and Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko Street to the south, in the historical centre of the city.

Originally arranged in the last years of the Ottoman rule of Bulgaria, it was radically transformed immediately after the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878 and the choice of Sofia as the capital the following year under the city architect Antonín Kolář on the initiative of the temporary governor Pyotr Alabin. The alley network was reorganized, new plants were added, as well as a low wooden fence, a coffeehouse and a kiosk for musicians. The garden was initially named the Alexander II Garden in honour of Russian tsar Alexander II, who initiated the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, which led to the Liberation of Bulgaria.

Until the end of the 19th century the City Garden was repeatedly reorganized and further developed. Among the noted gardeners that worked on it were Karl Betz, Daniel Neff and Iliya Todorov, who shaped the garden's appearance that it would retain until the Second World War.

The construction of the now-demolished Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum soon after the beginning of Communist rule of Bulgaria after the war was followed by multiple fundamental reorganizations, such as in 1951 and 1959 by Sugarev and R. Robev, 1976 and 1978 by A. Agura. These led to the orientation of the garden not towards the former royal palace as previously, but towards the Ivan Vazov National Theatre. The new composition was often in conflict with the initial planning and the City Garden lost territory and key architectural elements in the period.

Today the City Garden is not only a popular retreat for the residents of the capital, but also a favoured place for amateur chess players, who can be regularly seen in the small garden in front of the National Theatre. It was also the place where a group of around 300 people gathered on 27 August 1895 to climb Cherni vrah in Vitosha led by the writer Aleko Konstantinov on what is regarded as the birth date of tourism in Bulgaria.

External links
Historical photographs of the City Garden in Sofia


The Duke of Mount Deer (1984 Hong Kong TV series)

The Duke of Mount Deer is a Hong Kong television series adapted from Louis Cha's novel The Deer and the Cauldron, produced by TVB and starring Andy Lau and Tony Leung. It was first aired on TVB Jade in from  9 July to 31 August 1984.

Cast

 Note: Some of the characters' names are in Cantonese romanisation.

External links


Lucy Gossage

Lucy Gossage (born 25 December 1979) is a British triathlete and duathlete who competes in Ironman Triathlon events. She has twice been the European duathlon champion, and has won multiple Ironman Triathlon events.

Biography
Gossage studied medicine at the University of Cambridge, with her PhD focusing on kidney cancer, and she is a trained cancer doctor. In April 2012, Gossage won the European Women's duathlon title, and she retained the title in 2013, finishing the Powerman duathlon World Series in second place in 2012 .  Aged 34, she decided to become a full-time Ironman Triathlon competitor. She won her first Ironman event in 2013 in the United Kingdom, and later in the year won the Wales Ironman event; that year, she won the British Triathlon Federation award for female Long Distance Triathlete of the Year. Her other victories in Ironman Triathlons have been in 2014 in Lanzarote, and in the UK in 2015 and 2016. She qualified for the 2016 Ironman World Championship, and finished ninth, despite breaking her collarbone eight weeks prior to the race.


CHERUBS

CHERUBS (also known as CHERUBS – The Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research, Awareness and Support) is a Non-Profit Organization headquartered in Wake Forest, North Carolina. It was founded in February 1995 to support families of children born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a severe and often fatal birth defect. Dawn M. Torrence Williamson is the founder and current president.

The mission of CHERUBS is to raise public awareness of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, encourage research to find the cause and prevention of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and support all families affected by congenital diaphragmatic hernia. to support this mission, CHERUBS maintains a research library and compiles data from research surveys.

History

Dawn Williamson's son, Shane Torrence (1993-01-28 – 1999-09-11), was born with undiagnosed CDH in 1993. Over the course of 6 and a half years, Shane underwent 6 CDH repairs, tying for the world record. Shane spent the majority of his first year of life in the hospital on life support. During times when visiting hours were over, Williamson researched CDH in the university medical library, looking for sources of support and information, but found support only from other parents. After 10 months of intensive care and numerous complications, Williamson brought her son home.

At 21 years old, Williamson filed non-profit paperwork and began to create CHERUBS from a typewriter on her kitchen table with one other member. In 1996, CHERUBS was invited to participate in the American Pediatric Surgical Association's annual convention. In 1997, CHERUBS conducted its first Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research Survey. In 2000, CHERUBS became a source for a 20/20 piece on In Utero Surgery. Also in 2000, CHERUBS held its first International Member Conference in Orlando, Florida, offering families the opportunity to meet each other and to learn about congenital diaphragmatic hernia from medical experts. In 2004, CHERUBS was represented at the International CDH Study Group of doctors.

In 2007, CHERUBS launched an on-line forum for CDH families and medical professionals. Also in 2007, CHERUBS members created and voted on the official Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Awareness Ribbon, which is baby blue, pink and pale yellow with clouds. CHERUBS also created several Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Awareness logos to appeal to the public to help raise awareness.

In 2008 CHERUBS changed its name to CHERUBS – The Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research, Awareness and Support.

CHERUBS also led the fight against the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Awareness Trademark, protecting the rights of CDH families and medical professionals to raise awareness of CDH. This led them to write the Awareness Protection Congressional Bill and the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Research Congressional Bill. In 2010, CHERUBS, along with several other organizations and thousands of CDH families and researchers, won the fight against the trademark.


David Mackenzie (trade unionist)

David Alexander Mackenzie (22 March 1922 – 31 December 1989) was a Scottish trade union leader.

Born in Inverness, Mackenzie was educated at Merkinch Public School and then Inverness High School.  He left school at the age of fourteen and found work with the London, Midland and Scottish Railway.  During World War II, he served in the Royal Navy.

Returning to the railway after the war, Mackenzie became active in the Transport Salaried Staffs' Association (TSSA).  From 1952, he worked full-time for the union as a divisional secretary, and was promoted to Senior Assistant Secretary in 1966 and Assistant General Secretary in 1968.  In this role, he began representing the union on various external bodies, including the Non-Manual Workers' Committee of the Trades Union Congress, the Air Transport and Travel Industry Training Board, and the Hotel and Catering Industry Training Board.

In 1973, Mackenzie was elected as General Secretary of the TSSA.  He took early retirement in 1977 due to poor health, but in time his health improved, and he worked as a civil servant from 1980 until his final retirement in 1986.


Syed Abdus Samad

Syed Abdus Samad is a teacher of economics. He has been a faculty member at the University of Dhaka, Boston State College, Boston University, the University of the South Pacific, and the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, South Korea. Samad has worked as a national and international civil servant, economist, and human rights activist. In Bangladesh, he was the permanent secretary to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and a principal secretary to the Prime Minister. Samad is the executive chairman of the Bangladesh Board of Investment.

Education
Samad received his bachelor's degree in economics from Dhaka University. He undertook post-graduate studies at UCLA. In 1977, Samad received his master's degrees in economics and political economics and in 1979, a doctoral degree from Boston University.

Career
From 1980 to 1982, Samad was a member of the teaching and directing staff of the Bangladesh Administrative Staff College. Between 1982 and 1985, he was an economic advisor to the President of Bangladesh. Then, from 1985 to 1990, he taught students of economics at the Public Administration and Economic Development Training Academy.

From 1990 to 1996, Samad was the director of the Economics and Information Technology Program of the United Nations Asian and Pacific Development Center and from 1992 to 1997, he was the executive secretary of the Malaysian chapter of the  Association of Development Research and Training Institutes of Asia and the Pacific.

From 1995 to 1997, Samad was President of the Bangladesh Civil Service Association and from 1996 to 1997, the permanent secretary to the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources. Between 1997 and 2001, Samad was the principal secretary to the Government of Bangladesh.

Between 2006 and 2009, Samad taught at the University of the South Pacific and at the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Korea.

Samad has carried out evaluations of many inter-regional agencies, United Nations funded programmes and projects. He was a member of the technical committee of the global programme on comparative poverty research, funded by the International Social Science Council (ISSC), Paris. He was one of the authors of the global research book on poverty published by UNESCO and the Scandinavian University Press in 1996.

Selected works
 Real Wages in Labour Surplus Economies (1981) Dhaka University, Dhaka.
 Planning (1984) Bangla Academy, Dhaka.
 SAARC Link: An econometric approach (1992) APDC/UNDP, Malaysia.
 External Economic Assistance (1993) The Information Documentation Resource Centre, Geneva and Colombo.
 Operational Strategies of Sustainable Development upon People’s Initiatives (1993) APDC, UN, Nepal, Malaysia and Thailand.
 Privatization in Asia and the Pacific (1995)  APDC,Commonwealth Secretariat, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
 Economic transformation in Asia and the Pacific. 1995. Association of Development Research & Training Institutes of Asia and the Pacific (ADIPA)/UN. Malaysia/Sri Lanka.
 Sustainable development.1995. APDC/UNDP. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia & Kathmandu, Nepal.
 Application of Information Technology (1996) APDC, Commonwealth Secretariat.
 Poverty, a Global Review (1996) UNESCO, Scandinavian University Press, Oslo, New York.
 Poverty Research, an Asian Review (1996), ADIPA, APDC, Malaysia.
 Changing Comparative Advantage in Asia and the Pacific (1997) APDC, ESCAP, UNDP, Malaysia, Thailand.
 Cobbled Manuscripts, Changing Kaleidoscope of Conventional Economics (2005) Ankur Prokashani, Dhaka, Bangladesh.


TDF Group

TDF (which stands for Télédiffusion de France officially renamed TDF in 2004) is a French company which provides radio and television transmission services, services for telecommunications operators, and other multimedia services – digitization of content, encoding, storage, etc.

Its headquarters are located in Paris.

It is the dominant partner in the HDRR WiMAX consortium. It is also part of Digital Radio Mondiale.

Arkena
Arkena was European company that regroups four entities: Cognacq-Jay Image (France), PSN (Poland), Qbrick (Sweden) and SmartJog (France). These entities were all part of the Media Services division of the TDF Group. Arkena provides full end-to-end media services such as playout services, OTT (over-the-top content), Online video platform including stand-alone solutions for file transfer, storage and content preparation for any media.
Arkena was officially launched on January 20, 2014. Its headquarters are located in Paris and it operates offices in London, Los Angeles, Madrid, Warsaw, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Aarhus, Gothenburg, Helsinki, Ivry-sur-Seine, and Turku. Almost 500 people are part of the Arkena organization.
Arkena went out of business as company in December 2019 and after a management buy-out, Cognac-Jay Image took over.

History

The TDF Group created its media services division through a combination of acquisitions and organic growth. Now, TDF Media Services regroups Arkena and BeBanjo.

Cognacq-Jay Image was located in Cognacq-Jay street in Paris, in the building that is considered as the cradle of French television. Since 1996, the year it was created by TDF, Cognacq-Jay Image has been offering broadcasting services to major French TV channels. It also provides headend services and media preparation for Catchup TV and VOD platforms.

PSN was established in Poland by TDF in 1994, initially as a terrestrial broadcast network operator for the Polish public and commercial radio channels. PSN also offers multimedia services based on the group solutions like OVP or CDN, ensuring additional shooting and postproduction services.

Qbrick was a Stockholm-based company with offices in Denmark, Norway, Finland and Spain, created in 1999. It developed its own OVP platform, a SaaS solution for managing and delivering video content with features such as analytics, monetization and transcoding. Along with its CDN services, Qbrick is serving more than 700 media, telecom and corporate customers. It was acquired by TDF in October 2011.

SmartJog has been offering global exchange and cloud storage services for digital media assets since 2002. Initially dedicated to the movie industry (studios, post-production houses, right-holders, TV channels and cinemas…), SmartJog extended its activity with a CDN dedicated to audiovisual media. It is part of the TDF group since November 2006.

In January 2014, the four companies dropped their name and merged their organisation, products and services. From this date, they all operate under the brand name Arkena.

Organisation

Management

Julien Seligmann, one of SmartJog's founders was in charge of the Media Services division of TDF since 2011. and had been, until 2015, Arkena CEO

Other companies belonging to TDF Media Services

BeBanjo was acquired by Cognacq-Jay Image in May 2011. This company, based in Madrid and London, provides advanced back office tools for teams who manage multi-platform video on demand services. Some of the world's largest on-demand services rely on BeBanjo to help manage their business. BeBanjo is an Arkena subsidiary.


Colin McLay

Colin McLay (born 1942) is a retired New Zealand marine biologist. Educated at the University of Otago and the University of British Columbia, he served as an Associate Professor of Marine Biology at the University of Canterbury. He discovered several species of crab, including Desmodromia tranterae, Euryxanthops chiltoni, and Hirsutodynomene vespertilio.


John R. Padova

John R. Padova (born 1935) is a Senior United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

Education and career

Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Padova received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Villanova University in 1956 and a Juris Doctor from Temple University School of Law in 1959. He was in private practice in Philadelphia from 1960 to 1992, also serving in the United States Army, United States Army National Guard of New Jersey from 1959 to 1964 and in the United States Army Reserve, JAG Corps from 1964 to 1968.

Federal judicial service

On November 5, 1991, Padova was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania created by 104 Stat. 5089. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on March 13, 1992, and received his commission on March 18, 1992. He assumed senior status on February 11, 2008.


The Association for UK Interactive Entertainment (UKIE) is a non-profit trade association for the video game industry in the United Kingdom (UK). UKIE was originally founded as the European Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), and then later Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), before changing to UKIE in 2010.

History
The association was founded in 1989, though then named as the European Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA). Around 2002, the organisation changed its name to Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association, reflecting that their primary concerns were video game development on the United Kingdom islands and not mainland Europe.

In March 2010, members of the ELSPA voted to rename the association as UKIE, reflecting "the evolving and expanding nature of the industry, which the association exists to represent, and to encompass the new areas of activity that will be undertaken". The name was fully changed by September 2010.

In 2011, UKIE proposed a merger with The Independent Game Developers' Association (TIGA), a UK trade association for video game developers, to consolidate the two organisations under one trade body to represent the entire UK games industry. However TIGA's board rejected the proposal. TIGA's stance remained unchanged when a merger proposal was raised once again in 2013.

Activities
UKIE's primary goal is to represent the UK's video game industry, and as of December 2017, represented over 395 video game companies worldwide. The association provides strategy and advice for developers and publishers, collects and publishes retail date for UK video game sales, and lobbies and meets with members of the government to help establish policy related to video games.

One of its more notable activities was to help petition the UK government to use the Pan European Game Information (PEGI) rating system rather than the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC). Prior to 2012, video games were exempted from being required to be rated by BBFC, unless they contained sexual content, nudity, or violence, though developers and publishers could voluntarily submit their works for review. Works that exceeded certain ratings could not be legally sold to minors. The ELSPA worked with the Video Standards Council (VSC), a government organization that was created to form a code of practice for how to inform consumers about content ratings in games and other video formats. ELSPA had recommended that as an industry standard, any game not needing classification by BBFC to be otherwise classified under the PEGI system, with the VSC helping to determine appropriating ratings.

In March 2008, Dr. Tanya Byron published a report commissioned by Prime Minister Gordon Brown, colloquially called the Byron Review, describing potentially harmful effects of video games on children, a debate over how to better label video games arose, and recommended that parents need to be given more information than the BBFC's rating alone. ELSPA along with other concerned groups believed that the BBFC lacked the clarity needed for video game ratings; current CEO Mike Rawlinson also said that the BBFC ratings were developed for linear content, while PEGI's were better reflective of interactive content such as video games. In 2008, ELSPA started a large push to getting PEGI as the approved system, while in the interim petitioning the BBFC to color-code its ratings labels to approach the same color-coding used by PEGI. The UK Parliament passed the Digital Economy Act 2010 into law, and required by July 2012 to transfer the rating of video games from BBFC to the VSC (outside of games that contain strong pornographic content) and officially adapting the PEGI rating system, along with legal enforcement of selling mature titles to minors. The associate continued to work with the VSC to help establish how the PEGI rating should be displayed on packaging and other materials, and provide awareness to consumers and parents of the new change.

UKIE has campaigned and lobbied for the availability of tax relief for the UK games sector for many years. In 2012, they offered recommendations to the government consultations based on responses and opinions from over 200 video games companies in the country. A tax incentive scheme was scheduled to be included in the March 2010 United Kingdom budget by the outgoing Labour government, however it was not finalised and introduced until 2014 when the European Commission approved the decision. The tax relief scheme allows video games developers and companies to claim back up to 20% of their production costs if the project meets certain conditions, resulting in an estimated £188 million per year for the UK games industry. In 2017, the European Commission granted an extension to the scheme for another six years until 2023.


Western High School (Russiaville, Indiana)

Western High School is a high school located in Russiaville, Indiana.  The school is a part of Western School Corporation.

About
Western High School is one of 5 public high schools in Howard County: Kokomo High School, Northwestern High School, Eastern (Greentown) High School, and Taylor High School.

Western was founded in 1949 by combining three smaller school systems into one corporation, Western School Corporation. The New London Quakers, West Middleton Broncos, and Russiaville Cossacks came together and formed the Western Panthers.

Athletics
Western High School is one of the 11 schools associated with the Hoosier Athletic Conference.

Currently, the teams are as follows:
Boys- Football, Soccer, Cross Country, Basketball, Wrestling, Swimming, Track and Field, Golf, and Baseball.
Girls- Volleyball, Cross Country, Basketball, Swimming, Track and Field, Softball, Golf, and Soccer.
In addition, there was a club bowling team added in 2010, however its events do not count towards conference standings since not all of the other schools have a team.

Team state championships
The following teams have taken IHSAA state championships:
2002 - Girls Golf
2012 - Baseball (3A)
2014 - Girls Basketball (3A)

Band program
The Western High School Marching Panthers have been ISSMA Class C State Champions in 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1990, 1991, 1996, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2019 and Class B State Champions in 1988 for a total of 17 State Championships.

Extracurricular activities
Western High School is host to FIRST Robotics Competition Team 292.

Ryan White incident
Western School Corporation gained notoriety for expelling Ryan White in 1984 because of his diagnosis of HIV, a disease that, at the time, was just coming into the national spotlight.

Notable alumni
 Ezra Hendrickson - Former MLS player for the New York Metrostars, Los Angeles Galaxy, Dallas Burn, D.C. United, Chivas USA and Columbus Crew. Hendrickson has also had an accomplished international career playing for the Saint Vincent and the Grenadines national football team.
 Ryan White - Famous AIDS victim


Laguna Provincial Board

The Laguna Provincial Board () is the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial legislature) of the Philippine province of Laguna.

The members are elected via plurality-at-large voting: the province is divided into four legislative districts, the first and the second sending three members each and the third and fourth sending two members each; the number of the members the electorate votes depends on the number of members their district sends. The candidates with the highest number of votes in each district, depending on the number of members the district sends, are elected

The districts used in appropriation of members is coextensive with the legislative districts of Laguna.

List of members
An additional two ex officio members are the presidents of the provincial chapter of the Association of Barangay Captains and the Sangguniang Kabataan provincial president; the municipal and city (if applicable) presidents of the Association of Barangay Captains, and Sangguniang Kabataan, shall elect amongst themselves their provincial presidents which shall be their representatives at the board.

1st District
Cities: Biñan City, Santa Rosa City, San Pedro City
Population (2010): 862,376

2nd District
Cities: Cabuyao City, Calamba City, Los Baños (Special Nature and Science City)
Municipality: Bay
Population (2010): 795,395

3rd District
Cities: San Pablo City
Municipalities: Alaminos, Calauan, Liliw. Nagcarlan, Rizal, Victoria
Population (2010): 511,005

4th District
City: None
Municipalities: Cavinti, Famy, Kalayaan, Luisiana, Lumban, Mabitac, Magdalena, Majayjay, Paete, Pagsanjan, Pakil, Pangil, Pila, Santa Cruz, Santa Maria, Siniloan
Population (2010): 501,071


Douglas Municipal Airport (Georgia)

Douglas Municipal Airport  is a public airport located two miles (3 km) south of the central business district of Douglas, a city in Coffee County, Georgia, United States. It is owned by the City of Douglas.

Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Douglas Municipal Airport is assigned DQH by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA.

Facilities and aircraft
Douglas Municipal Airport covers an area of  which contains one asphalt paved runway (4/22) measuring 6,005 x 100 ft (1,830 x 30 m). For the 12-month period ending March 29, 2006, the airport had 21,000 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 57 per day.

History

Origins
Aviation began in Douglas Georgia in 1928 when Dixie Airways opened a pilot school at the South Georgia College, a two-year or junior college. The institution claimed to be the only college in the United States with its own airport.

Wesley Newman Raymond, a World War I native of Nova Scotia, relocated to Macon, Georgia in 1936 where he owned an aircraft dealership and fixed-base operation. Raymond played a major role in the development of Macon's Herbert Smart Airport. In 1939, Raymond joined with Robert Richardson, forming the Raymond-Richardson Aviation Company. The new company established a Civil Pilot Training (CPT) flight school at the South Georgia College airport.

In early 1941, the United States Army Air Corps approached Raymond-Richardson about the possibility of operating a primary Contract Pilot School. The company preferred to locate the school at Macon, but too many other Air Corps activities already existed in the area. Douglas became the second choice because the company already had a school in place. The City of Douglas and Coffee County welcomed the proposal and floated a bond issue to finance a portion of the project. In May 1941, an additional  were purchased to enlarge the airport. The construction of the cantonment area at Douglas Army Airfield was of concrete and tile buildings and began on 29 June 1941. The three hangars were constructed of steel.   In addition to the main school at Douglas, the following auxiliary airfields were utilized:
 Tanner-Ewing Auxiliary Field
 Knight Auxiliary Field
 Dorminey Auxiliary Field
 Paulk Auxiliary Field

World War II
The Army Air Forces Training Command Eastern Flying Training Command's 63rd Army Air Force Flight Training Detachment was the Air Force unit assigned to Douglas AAF.   The 63rd Army Air Forces Contract Pilot School received its first PT-17 Boeing Stearmans on 11 September 1941.  The first class began on 7 October.  With the start of the war, the Defense Plant Corporation bought the school. On 31 December 1941, the number of Stearmans present totaled 40.

By January 1942, eight barracks had been completed. With the start of the war, an expansion of the school's facilities began. Two auxiliary fields opened for operations in June and an enlargement of the ramp reached completion in July. By August, the Link trainer building, hangar No.3, additions to the mess hall, administration building, and flight control tower were ready for use. In October, two additional auxiliary fields and the gasoline storage tank were completed. By the end of 1942, the number of aircraft present had almost doubled to 78. Douglas had quite a distinction, in that the first class of the 1942 graduates from West Point received primary training here. Since the school did not have a swimming pool, cadets were allowed to use the pool at South Georgia State College, a short walk away.

As in every other primary Army school, peak training took place during 1943. The total number of flight cadets rose from 300 in January 1943 to 456 in November 1943. Likewise, the number of instructors increased from 78 to 120 and the number of aircraft peaked at 170. In December 1943, the reduction in flight training was beginning to make itself felt as the size of classes began to decrease. Training continued to decrease during 1944. After the last class graduated in December 1944, the school closed.

Following the war, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation utilized the airfield for the disposal of surplus Army and Navy aircraft.

Civil use
The Cincinnati Reds baseball team used the school for a spring training facility from 1954 to 1957. The buildings of the school were used for a variety of purposes over the years that included a corset factory, elementary school, mental health facility, agricultural research laboratory, and local headquarters of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation.

Today, the airfield is Douglas's municipal airport. Due to its substantial construction, the former cantonment area has many World War II buildings still in existence. Two of the original hangars also remain.


Belá (river)

The Belá (),  in length, is a mountainous stream draining the headwaters of the Váh River basin in Tatra National Park, northern Slovakia.  It is a right tributary, into which it flows at the town of Liptovský Hrádok. The Belá itself is formed by two tributaries, the streams Tichý potok and Kôprovský potok, whose sources are in the High Tatra mountains, and which have their confluence near Podbanské, part of the town of Vysoké Tatry. It is  long and its basin size is .

The Belá is well suited to rafting and kayaking.


The Broken Circle Breakdown

The Broken Circle Breakdown (also known as Alabama Monroe) is a 2012 Belgian drama film directed by Felix Van Groeningen. It is based on the play written by Johan Heldenbergh and Mieke Dobbels and adapted for the screen by Carl Joos and Felix van Groeningen.

The film garnered critical acclaim and was selected as the Belgian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, and was on the nominated shortlist. The film was the winner of Best Foreign Film at the 39th César Awards. It was the winner of the 2013 Lux Prize.

Cast
 Johan Heldenbergh as Didier Bontinck / Monroe
 Veerle Baetens as Elise Vandevelde / Alabama
 Nell Cattrysse as Maybelle
 Geert Van Rampelberg as William
 Nils De Caster as Jock
 Robbie Cleiren as Jimmy
 Bert Huysentruyt as Jef
 Jan Bijvoet as Koen
 Blanka Heirman as Denise

Synopsis
The film is set in Ghent, in the Flemish Region of Belgium, and chronicles the lives of Didier (Johan Heldenbergh) and Elise (Veerle Baetens) over seven years as they fall in love through their passion for bluegrass music. They have a daughter, Maybelle, who develops cancer after her sixth birthday, and succumbs to it within a year. The death of Maybelle has a devastating effect on their relationship and their lives.

Production
The film was shot from 18 July to 8 September 2011 in Belgium.

Soundtrack
The bluegrass soundtrack includes traditional songs  as well as music composed for the film by Bjorn Eriksson. All the music in the band scenes is performed by the actors.

 "Will the Circle Be Unbroken?" See also "Can the Circle Be Unbroken (By and By)"
 "The Boy Who Wouldn't Hoe Corn" by Alison Krauss, Pat Brayer, Jerry Douglas, Dan Tyminski, Barry Bales, and Ron Block
 "Dusty Mixed Feelings"
 "Wayfaring Stranger"
 "Rueben's Train"
 "Country In My Genes"
 "Further On Up The Road"
 "Where Are You Heading, Tumbleweed?"
 "Over In The Gloryland"
 "Cowboy Man"
 "If I Needed You"
 "Carved Tree Inn"
 "Sandmountain"
 "Sister Rosetta Goes Before Us"
 "Blackberry Blossom"

Accolades


Nagykarácsony

Nagykarácsony is a village in Fejér county, Hungary.


Bo'ka, Uzbekistan

Bo'ka (, ) is a town in Tashkent Region, Uzbekistan. It is the administrative center of Bo'ka District.


Katashi Ishizuka

is a Japanese voice actor who is affiliated with Aksent.

Notable anime and video game voice roles
Ryu in Street Fighter Zero, Street Fighter Zero 2, Street Fighter EX series
Dan Hibiki in Street Fighter Zero
Yamada in Revolutionary Girl Utena
Milluki Zoldyck in Hunter × Hunter (1999)
Arias in Read or Die
Koji Mori in Strawberry Eggs
Tamanian Kid in Beast Wars Second
Masatsugu in Grander Musashi RV
Rodrigo in Hungry Heart: Wild Striker
Ninja Tottori and Yamagishi in Papuwa

External links


Yaser Yıldız

Yaser Yıldız (born June 1, 1988 in Adapazarı, Turkey) is a Turkish footballer who currently plays as a striker for Uşakspor. He scored the finishing goal against Bellinzona what ended 2–1 win for Galatasaray in first round UEFA Cup.

Honours
 Galatasaray
 Turkish Super Cup: 1 (2008)

Career statistics


Carrot thin leaf virus

Carrot thin leaf virus (CTLV) is a pathogenic plant virus of the family Potyviridae.

External links
ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Carrot thin leaf virus
Family Groups - The Baltimore Method


Holy Trinity High School (Chicago)

Holy Trinity High School is a Catholic secondary school founded in Chicago, Illinois, United States, by the Congregation of Holy Cross in 1910.  It is located in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago.

Established in 1910 by the Brothers of Holy Cross, Holy Trinity was originally a boys' school serving the neighborhood sons of Polish immigrants. Today, Holy Trinity is co-educational and serves Hispanic, African American, Caucasian, and Asian students.  Holy Trinity is centrally located to the Chicago area and attracts students from more than 50 ZIP codes across the city as well as around the world, through its international program.

External links
 Holy Trinity High School


Wijnsermolen, Wyns

Wijnsermolen (West Frisian: Wynzermûne) is a smock mill in Wyns, Friesland, Netherlands which is currently (2011) being restored to working order. The mill is listed as a Rijksmonument, number 35691.

History
In 1871 the Wijnserpolder was founded and the mill built replacing several privately owned mills. The millwright was probably Gerben van Wieren from Janum as the mill is very similar to windmill De Victor, Warnswerd built by the same millwright. In 1924 a millers house was built next to the mill which still exists today. The mill was in need of renovation by 1926 and the option of installing an electric pump was considered but this proved too expensive. Instead the mill was modernised in 1932, replacing the patent sails with airfoil shaped dekkerised sails, a steel Archimedes' screw with Dekker roller bearings and a bronze windshaft bearing. These changes improved efficiency but made the mill susceptible to over speeding in blustery winds. When the inner stock had to be replaced in 1957 the Dekker system was removed and a Fok system was fitted. The other stock was fitted with the Fok system sometime later after the steel plates of the airfoil had worn out. This system was also a lot cheaper.
Sierksma was miller until 1967 when he had to stop for health reasons. Difficulties with the housing requirements for a new miller meant that no new miller was hired but two board members of the Wijnserpolder waterboard themselves operated the mill. Until 1975 the polder was drained solely by wind power. In this year the drive wheels and upright shaft were removed and put to one side and a diesel engine from windmill De Hoop, Roodkerk was installed. As a diesel powered pumping station the mill continued to operate until 1984 when its function was taken over by the newly built electric pumping station "De Murk". The windmill slowly fell into disrepair and demolition was considered before it was taken over by Stichting De Fryske Mole and restored in 1995. Since then it is operated by volunteer millers and is designated as a backup pumping station in case of emergencies. During the last restoration of 2010/2011 amongst other work a stock and the screw were replaced.

Description

The Wijnsermolen is what the Dutch describe as an "achtkante grondzeiler". It is a smock mill without a stage, the sails reaching almost to the ground. The brick base is one storey high with a three-storey smock on top. Both smock and cap are thatched. The mill is winded by tailpole and winch. The four common sails with Fok system have a span of  and are carried on a cast-iron windshaft cast by foundry De Prins van Oranje in 1889 as number 1360. The front bearing is of cast iron with bronze liner instead of the stone bearings that are more commonly found in the Netherlands. The windshaft carries the brake wheel, which has 55 cogs. This drives the wallower (28 cogs) at the top of the upright shaft. At the lower end of the upright shaft the crown wheel (42 cogs) drives the steel Archimedes' screw via a gear wheel with 39 cogs. The upper bearing of the screw axle is a rare Dekker bearing, consisting of two rollers that support the axle. The Archimedes' screw diameter is  diameter. It is inclined at 16½°. Each revolution of the Archimedes' screw can lift  of water.

Public access
The mill is open to the public by appointment.


1990 Croydon London Borough Council election

The 1990 Croydon Council election took place on 3 May 1990 to elect members of Croydon London Borough Council in London, England. The whole council was up for election and the Conservative party stayed in overall control of the council.

Background

Election result

Percentage includes all candidates in the alliance, however they appear on the ballot paper.

Ward results

Addiscombe

Ashburton

Bensham Manor

Beulah

Broad Green

Coulsdon East

Croham

Fairfield

Fieldway

Heathfield

Kenley

Monks Orchard

New Addington

Norbury

Purley

Rylands

Sanderstead

Selsdon

South Norwood

Spring Park

Thornton Heath

Upper Norwood

Waddon

West Thornton

Whitehorse Manor

Woodcote & Coulsdon West

Woodside


Ben Shields

Benjamin Cowan Shields [Lefty or Big Ben] (June 17, 1903 – January 24, 1982) was a middle relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played from  through  for the New York Yankees (1924–1925), Boston Red Sox (1930) and Philadelphia Phillies (1931). Listed at , 195 lb., Shields batted right-handed and threw left-handed. He was born in Huntersville, North Carolina.

In a four-season career, Shields posted 4–0 record with an 8.27 ERA in 13 appearances, including two starts, two complete game, nine strikeouts in 41 innings pitched. He holds the major league record for most career wins without a loss (4), despite his high ERA of 8.27. He benefited from pitching for a powerful Yankees team that featured Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig among others. He recorded three of his wins towards the end of the 1925 season, winning games by scores of 6-5, 7-6, & 9-8 respectively. He would record an additional win by pitching four scoreless innings in a 1931 game for the Philadelphia Phillies. However, he had entered that game having given up seven earned runs in 2/3 inning which calculated to an ERA of 94.50. It lowered to 13.50 after the outing that resulted in his fourth win, but only appeared in one major league contest after that.

Shields died at the age of 78 in Woodruff, South Carolina.

External links
Baseball Reference
Retrosheet


Jared Curtis (footballer)

Jared Curtis (born 29 April 1979 in Apia, Samoa) is a Samoan former footballer who also played for Manawatu United in New Zealand.

Manawatu United

Ascertained to trial for Manawatu United after representing his national team, Curtis was only part of the club for short time, making three appearances.


Korytów

Korytów may refer to the following places in Poland:
Korytów, Kłodzko County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Korytów, Polkowice County in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Korytów, Masovian Voivodeship (east-central Poland)


Anchuri railway station

Anchuri railway station is a railway station on Kharagpur–Bankura–Adra line in Adra railway division of South Eastern Railway zone. It is situated at Gouripur, Anchuri of Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.

History
In 1901, the Kharagpur–Midnapur Branch line was opened. The Midnapore–Jharia extension of the Bengal Nagpur Railway, passing through Bankura District was opened in 1903–04. The Adra–Bheduasol sector was electrified in 1997–98 and the Bheduasol–Salboni sector in 1998–99.


Saruhashi Prize

The Saruhashi Prize (猿橋賞) is an annual prize awarded to a Japanese woman researcher in the natural sciences. The prize recognises accomplishments in research as well as the mentoring of other women scientists.

Japanese geochemist Katsuko Saruhashi retired from her position as the director of the Geochemical Research Laboratory in 1980. Her co-workers gifted her ¥5 million and she used the money to establish the Association for the Bright Future of Women Scientists in 1980. The association distributes an annual ¥300,000 prize. It is only available to scientists who are under the age of 50.

The book My Life: Twenty Japanese Women Scientists, edited by Yoshihide Kozai, includes essays by twenty of the Saruhashi Prize winners.

Recipients


Warner, Wisconsin

Warner is a town in Clark County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 627. The unincorporated community of Hemlock is located in the town.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 35.0 square miles (90.6 km²), of which, 34.9 square miles (90.3 km²) of it is land and 0.1 square miles (0.3 km²) of it (0.37%) is water.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 627 people, 195 households, and 164 families residing in the town. The population density was 18.0 people per square mile (6.9/km²). There were 208 housing units at an average density of 6.0 per square mile (2.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.41% White, 1.28% Asian, and 0.32% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.16% of the population.

There were 195 households out of which 47.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.4% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.4% were non-families. 13.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.16 and the average family size was 3.44.

In the town, the population was spread out with 35.1% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 10.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.6 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $37,273, and the median income for a family was $40,179. Males had a median income of $34,167 versus $21,042 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,443. About 3.8% of families and 7.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.7% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.


Ootpally

Ootpally is a village in Ranga Reddy district in Andhra Pradesh, India. It falls under Shamshabad mandal.


Yakumo Sub Base

is a military air base located in Yakumo, Futami District, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan.


Chatham Harbour, Weddell Island

Chatham Harbour (former name States Bay, ) is the large bay indenting the central part of Weddell Island in the Falkland Islands. It is entered east of Beacon Point and west of Loop Head. The 3 km wide bay extends 5 km in southeast direction, this part of the feature forming an anchorage named Bald Road, and north of Clay Point turning for 10 km in southwest direction. Chatham Harbour is centred at .

States Cove (former names States Harbour, Hussey Harbour) is an estuary on the southeast side of Chatham Harbour, centred at .

Maps
 The Falkland Islands. Scale 1:401280 map. London: Edward Stanford, 1901
 Falkland Islands Explorer Map. Scale 1:365000. Ocean Explorer Maps, 2007
 Falklands Topographic Map Series. Scale 1:50000, 29 sheets. DOS 453, 1961-1979
 Falkland Islands. Scale 1:643000 Map. DOS 906. Edition 3-OS, 1998
 Map 500k--xm20-4. 1:500000 map of Weddell Island and part of West Falkland. Russian Army Maps (for the world)
 Approaches to the Falkland Islands. Scale 1:1500000 chart. Gps Nautical Charts, 2010
 Illustrated Map of Weddell Island

Gallery

Notes


Erika (given name)

The given name Erika, Erica, or Ericka, is a feminine form of Eric, deriving from the Old Norse name Eiríkr (or Eríkr in Eastern Scandinavia due to monophthongization). The first element, ei- is derived either from the older Proto-Norse *aina(z), meaning "one, alone, unique", as in the form Æinrikr explicitly, or from *aiwa(z) "long time, eternity". The second element -ríkr stems either from *ríks "king, ruler" (cf. Gothic reiks) or from the therefrom derived *ríkijaz "kingly, powerful, rich". The name is thus usually taken to mean "sole ruler, monarch" or "eternal ruler, ever powerful".

It is a common name in many Western societies. It is also a popular given name for women in Japan (even though its origin has nothing in common with the Nordic roots of the Western version). Erica is also the name of a genus of approximately 860 species of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae, commonly known as "heaths" or "heathers" in English, and is the Latin word for "heather".

People with the name
Érika Alcocer Luna (born 1974), Mexican singer, winner of the second generation of La Academia
Erika Alexander (born 1969), American actress
Erica Alfridi (born 1968), Italian race walker
Erika Araki (born 1984), Japanese national volleyball team captain
Erica Atkins-Campbell, (born 1972), American singer most famous from Mary Mary
Erica Bartolina (born 1980), American pole vaulter
Erica Bougard (born 1993), American heptathlete
Erika von Brockdorff (1911–1943), German resistance fighter during the Second World War
Erika Christensen (born 1982), American actress
Erika Coimbra (born 1980), Brazilian volleyball player
Erika Cosby, American painter and daughter of Bill Cosby
Erika Costell (born 1993), American YouTuber, model, and singer
Erika Cremer (1900–1996), German physicist
Erica Durance (born 1978), Canadian actress
Erika Eleniak (born 1969), American actress and Playboy Playmate
Erika Ender (born 1974), Panamanian singer, songwriter and actress
Erika Fisch (born 1934), German athlete
Erika Fuchs (1906–2005), German translator
Erica Garner (1990-2017), American activist
Erika González (born 1972), Mexican freestyle swimmer
Erika Hansen (born 1970), American swimmer
Erika Hamden, US astrophysicist and Assistant Professor
Erika Heynatz (1975-), Australian model, actress, singer and television personality
Erica Jarder (born 1986), Swedish long jumper
Erica Hill (born 1976), American journalist
Erika Jayne, dance/electronica artist
Erica Johansson (born 1974), Swedish long jumper
Erica Jong (born 1942), American author
Erika Kaljusaar (born 1956), Estonian actress
Erika Kinsey (born 1988), Swedish high jumper
Erika Kirpu (born 1992), Estonian épée fencer
Erika Landin, actress and Big Brother contestant
Erika Liebman (1738–1803), Swedish poet
Erika deLone, (born 1972), retired American professional tennis player
Erica Luttrell (born 1982), Canadian actress
Erika Mann (1905–1969), German writer, the daughter of Thomas Mann
Erika Mann (politician) (born 1950), German politician
Erika Marín-Spiotta, Spanish-born biogeochemist and ecosystem ecologist
Erika Mitchell is the real name of author E. L. James (born 1963)
Erika Nara, Japanese Paralympic swimmer
Érika Olivera (born 1976), Chilean marathon runner
Erica Packer (born 1975), Australian singer and model
Erica Parsons (1998-2011), American child abuse and murder victim
Erika Pluhar (born 1939), Austrian actress, singer and author
Erica Rose (born 1982), American long-distance swimmer
Erika Rudolf (born 1954), Hungarian high jumper
Erica Sakurazawa (born 1963), Japanese manga author
Érika or Érika Cristiano dos Santos (born 1988), Brazilian football defender
Erika Sawajiri (沢尻 エリカ, born 1986), Japanese gravure model, singer and actress
Erika Slezak (born 1946), American actress best known for her long-running role as Viki Davidson on One Life to Live
Érika de Souza (born 1982), Brazilian basketball player
Erika Steinbach (born 1943), German politician
Erika Toda (戸田 恵梨香, born 1988), Japanese actress
Erika Umeda (born 1991), Japanese singer and model, former member of Cute
Erika Wendt (1917–2003), German WWII spy
Erika Yazawa (born 1990), Japanese gravure model, actress and member of Idoling!!!
Erika Zavaleta, American ecologist and evolutionary biologist
 Erykah Badu (born 1971), American singer-songwriter, record producer, activist, and actress
Erica Harlin, Computer Science student of University of Indonesia\

Fictional characters
Erika, the eponymous character of the German marching song "Erika"
Erika (Pokémon), a character in the video game series Pokémon
Erika (Underworld), a character in the film Underworld
Erika, a character in the media franchise Medabots
Erika, a character in the anime series Tōshō Daimos
Erica Ainsworth, a character in the manga series Fate/kaleid liner Prisma Illya
, a character in the anime series Anime-Gataris
Erika Berger, a character in the novel series Millennium
, a character in the light novel series The Irregular at Magic High School
Erica Davidson, a character in the television series Prisoner
Erica Farrell, a character in the media franchise Degrassi
Erica Fontaine, a character in the media franchise Sakura Taisen
Erika Ford, a character in the television series Friends
, a character in the visual novel series Umineko When They Cry
Erica Goldberg, a character in the television series The Goldbergs
Erica Hahn, a character in the television series Grey's Anatomy
Erica Hale, a character in Stuart Gibbs's series Spy School
Erica Hartmann, a character in the media franchise Strike Witches
, a character in the anime series Girls und Panzer
, a character in the anime series HeartCatch PreCure!
, a character in the webcomic Megatokyo
Erica Kane, a character in the soap opera All My Children
Erika Kohut, protagonist of the novel The Piano Teacher
, a character in the visual novel Fortune Arterial
Erica Reyes, a character in the television series Teen Wolf
Erica Strangfe, a character in the television series Being Erica
, a character in the manga series Wolf Girl and Black Prince
Erika Shiragami, a character in the film Godzilla vs. Biollante
, a character in the anime series Sakura Quest
, a character in the anime series Ginga e Kickoff!!
, a character in the anime series Tsuritama
Erica Yurken, protagonist of the novel Hating Alison Ashley
Erica, mascot of the Nintendo mobile app Miitomo
Erica Sinclair, sister of Lucas Sinclair in Stranger Things


Suipinima suturalis

Suipinima suturalis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Martins and Galileo in 2004.


Michael Gow

Michael Gow is an Australian playwright and director most famed for his 1986 work Away.

Early life
As a student at Sydney University, Gow acted and directed with the Dramatic Society from 1973-1976. After graduation, Gow went on to act professionally with Nimrod, Thalia and Sydney Theatre Companies.

Career
After Gow received notice as a playwright for The Kid in 1983, his play Away first performed in 1986 by Sydney's Griffin Theatre Company established him as a major Australian playwright.  Away is the story of three Australian families who go on holiday "up the coast" for Christmas 1967 as a remedy to personal crises, whose story threads eventually interconnect. The families cross the class and social divides: one is in a smart hotel, another is at the local caravan park; another is in the throes of possible divorce. These factors are woven into a story of love and loss that allows a young boy and girl to taste first love and the pain of death while their parents cope, more or less, with the consequences. Away received multiple productions in Australia and internationally, and remains a landmark of Australian contemporary drama and the best of Gow's earlier work.

Other plays of the late 1980s and early 1990s include Europe, an intriguing work as a young man and a European actress of uncertain age meet in her dressing room, Furious and Sweet Phoebe.

Gow's writing for television includes the 1984 telemovie Crime of the Decade and a 1989 miniseries adaptation of Sumner Locke Elliott's Edens Lost for which he received an AFI Award for Best Screenplay in a Miniseries.

He was the artistic director at the Queensland Theatre Company from 1999 until 2010. Productions he directed for the company included Private Fears in Public Places, John Gabriel Borkman, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (2007); The Importance of Being Earnest, Anatomy Titus Fall of Rome: A Shakespeare Commentary, I Am My Own Wife, (2008); The School of Arts and The Crucible (2009).

Gow had not written a full-length play for ten years while fully engaged as artistic director of Queensland Theatre Company.  In 2007, his play Toy Symphony received its world premiere production at Sydney's Belvoir St Theatre. It was a critical and popular success, starring Richard Roxburgh in his first stage role for some years. Toy Symphony is a further exploration of Gow's Shire roots and much else besides.  Toy Symphony was awarded Best New Australian Work at the 2008 Helpmann Awards, and the production was also nominated for Best Play. The production also won four Sydney Theatre Awards including Best Mainstage Production.

Gow criticised the new HSC syllabus in 2017, which had a renewed emphasis on classic works.

Works

The Kid (1983)
The Astronaut’s Wife (1985)
Away (1986)
17 (N/A)
On Top Of The World (1987)
Europe (1987)
1841 (1988)
All Stops Out (1989)
Furious (1994)
Sweet Phoebe (1994)
Live Acts On Stage (1996)
Up Here (2004)
The Fortunes of Richard Mahony, adapted from the novel by Henry Handel Richardson (2004)
Toy Symphony (2007)
Once in Royal David's City (2014)

 Goldilocks (2019)


Max Walsh

Maximilian Sean Walsh  (born 8 May 1937) is an Australian economic and political commentator, journalist, author and broadcaster. Walsh has held senior positions with two of Australia's largest publishing companies and television networks.

Career
From 1974 to 1981 Walsh was editor and managing editor of The Australian Financial Review before establishing Nine Network's Sunday program. He then became co-presenter of The Carleton-Walsh Report on ABC Television, before moving to Channel 10 as anchor of The Walsh Report.

From 1983 to 1998 he was a columnist and correspondent with The Sydney Morning Herald and The Age. In 1998, he became editor-in-chief of The Bulletin. He worked at The Bulletin until his retirement from the editor-at-large position in June 2007.

Board positions
As of January 2014, Walsh is deputy chairman of financial advisory firm Dixon Advisory and is a member of the firm's investment committee.

Max Walsh is Chairman of the Australian Masters Corporate Bond Fund No. 1, Australian Masters Corporate Bond Fund No. 2, Australian Masters Corporate Bond Fund No. 3, Australian Masters Corporate Bond Fund No. 4 and Australian Masters Corporate Bond Fund No. 5.

He is also Non-Executive Chairman of the Global Resource Masters Fund, and Asian Masters Fund and he is a director of the Australian Governance Masters Fund.

Awards
In 1984 Walsh was made a Member of the Order of Australia for his services to journalism.

Author
Walsh is author of the book, "Poor Little Rich Country - A political History of the 1970s".


Triple Play 2001

Triple Play 2001 is a baseball sports game released for the PlayStation and Microsoft Windows in 2000. It features the 2000 rosters and 2000 stats.

Due to complaints about chopping frame rate issues from previous games, EA sports was able to make the previous Triple Play game at a full 30 fps but this game fell short and received heavy criticism for taking a step back. They also introduced classic players that player could control in the game. Players can play a single player game, a full season, playoffs, or the Home Run Derby. Team selection and transfers come under player control. Once again Jim Hughson and Buck Martinez provide the commentary. This game was not released on Nintendo 64 unlike previous version.

Reception
IGN gave the PC version of the game a 6.0 out of 10 having lots of criticism for EA on its lack of modes, bad graphics, bad framerate and bad value. Stating that "At almost 40 dollars, this game is way too expensive for the quality considering MS Baseball is 10 dollars cheaper and has more options, looks just as good, and plays much better."  However, it gave the PlayStation version a somewhat decent 7.0 out of 10 with great response to new features and gameplay. Despite that there was a little bit of criticism of the graphics stating the animations are poor and the frame rate was almost unplayable.


Bradinopyga geminata

Bradinopyga geminata is a species of dragonfly in the family Libellulidae known commonly as the granite ghost. It is native to India, Sri Lanka and Thailand, where it is a common and widespread species.

Description and habitat
It is a medium sized dragonfly with brown-capped grey eyes. Its thorax is cinereous, marbled and peppered with black in a very irregular manner. Wings are transparent with dual color pterostigma, black at centre and pure white at distal and proximal ends. Abdomen is coloured very similarly to thorax; black marbled with yellow, but with a more definite plan. Segments 3 to 8 have pale basal annules interrupted on dorsum, and formed by two elongate parallel spots. There is a triangular apical sub-dorsal spot and a pale mid-dorsal spot. Anal appendages are creamy-white. Female is similar to the male.

Taking advantage of its cryptic coloration, it always rests flat on slab rock or cement-plastered  walls, where it almost invisible. Adults occupy habitat near water bodies, such as pools, irrigation channels, wells, and containers with standing water. It breeds in rainy hollows in the rocks or in wells and small cemented tanks.

The species has been studied as a predator of the disease-carrying yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti). The larvae of the dragonfly consume the larvae of the mosquito in the standing-water habitat types that both occupy.


Giulio d'Este

Giulio d'Este (July 13, 1478 – March 24, 1561) was the illegitimate son of Ercole I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, the result of an affair with Isabella Arduin, a lady in the service of Ercole's wife. He is known for the conflicts he had with his half brother Ippolito d'Este, which culminated in a failed conspiracy that Giulio conducted against both Ippolito and another half brother Alfonso I d'Este, then Duke of Ferrara.

Biography

In the court of Ferrara
The half siblings of Giulio, whom Ercole fathered with his wife Eleonora d'Aragon, were Alfonso I d'Este (successor to his father), Ippolito d'Este (Cardinal Ippolito), Ferrante d'Este, Isabella d'Este (wife of Francesco II Gonzaga), Beatrice d'Este (wife of Ludovico Sforza), and Sigismondo d'Este. Giulio d'Este and Ippolito d'Este held grudges and differences with each other over the course of their lives.

Giulio grew up in the court of Ferrara and later resided in his palace on the Via degli Angeli (road of angels) in Ferrara.

The first quarrel
Between Giulio and Ippolito a dispute arose concerning a musician, Don Rainaldo of Sassuolo, who was in the service of Giulio. Ippolito wanted him for his chapel and, near the end of 1504, coming to Ferrara during the illness of his father Ercole I, abducted Rainaldo and held him in the Fortress of Gesso (which belonged to Giovanni Boiardo, count of Scadiano). In May 1505 Giulio discovered where the man was to be found and together with Ferrante and other armed men recovered his musician, and, in a sign of defiance towards the cardinal, replaced him with the warden of the fortress. Ippolito, a political advisor of Alfonso, complained so much about what had happened that the duke decided to exile Ferrante to Modena and Giulio to Brescello.

Lucrezia Borgia (wife of Alfonso), and Isabella d'Este with her husband Francesco succeeded in convincing Alfonso to pardon both the brothers.

The second quarrel
Subsequently, Giulio and Ippolito had a new reason to clash: they discovered that they were both admirers of a lady of the court and cousin of Lucrezia, Angela Borgia, who, of the two, seemed to favor the Giulio. The Cardinal Ippolito, a libertine and ladies' man, depended on his refinement to conquer beautiful women, and was a sore loser. When Angela told him that, "Monsignore, your brother's [Giulio's] eyes are worth more than the whole of your person...", he flew into an uncontrollable rage. On the 3rd November 1505, while Giulio was returning from a trip to Belriguardo, he was surrounded by servants of Ippolito, who had ordered his men to kill his half brother and tear out his eyes.  Giulio was alone and could not protect himself, although he was not killed, he was brutally beaten so that he scarred and his eyes were stabbed. He eventually lost eyesight in one eye and was left with only blurs in the other. Ippolito had hastened to send to the Italian courts a revised version of the event, which succeeded in preventing Ippolito from being punished.

In December of that same year, Alfonso brought about a formal truce between the brothers.

Conspiracy against Ippolito and Alfonso and its aftermath

Despite the truce Giulio held a grudge against both Ippolito, for the beating which had damaged his eyesight and his famous good looks, and with Alfonso, for not punishing Ippolito. In 1506, along with Ferrante, who aspired to replace his brother, and other men hostile toward the duke, he organized a plot aimed at eliminating Alfonso and Ippolito. However the conspirators, because of their disorganization did not succeed in carrying out their plan: waiting at night in the street with poisoned daggers until the duke passed, they missed him twice.

During one of the frequent absences of the Duke, the spies of Ippolito gathered evidence about the plot, but before they reached Alfonso, both Lucrezia and Isabella advised Giulio to flee to Mantua where he would be protected by Francesco Gonzaga. There Francesco, despite the demands of his brother-in-law, refused many times to hand over Giulio.

Meanwhile, the trial of the conspirators began in Giulio's absence at the home of Sigismondo d'Este. Giulio and Ferrante, together with three others, were found guilty and condemned to death.

Eventually Francesco succumbed to the pressure of Alfonso, who threatened to recover Giulio with his army, and turned Giulio over.

While the capital punishment was carried out for the other conspirators, the sentences of Giulio and Ferrante were reduced: they were imprisoned in the Leoni Tower with Castello Estense, and their property was confiscated.

Ferrante died in prison in 1540 at the age of 63 after 34 years of incarceration. Giulio however, after 53 years in prison was freed by his grandnephew Alfonso II d'Este at the age of 81. He supposedly caused a commotion among bystanders when he returned to the street because despite prison he retained his charm and an erect posture, and dressed as he used to in the fashion of 50 years before.

Notes

Bibliography
 Bradford, Sarah (2004): Lucrezia Borgia: Life, Love and Death in Renaissance Italy. Viking.
 Maria Bellonci, Lucrezia Borgia, Mondadori Editore, Milan, 1998,
 Sarah Bradford, Lucrezia Borgia, Mondadori Editore,Milan, 2005,

External links
Treccani dictionary of Biography

Giulio


The Kimilsungia and Kimjongilia Exhibition Hall is a museum located in Pyongyang, North Korea.  It opened in July 2013.


William J. Hancock

William J. Hancock (born October 23, 1942) is a retired United States Navy vice admiral who served as Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Logistics. He had been Director of the US Navy's Office of Budget and Fiscal Management Division. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1965 and was commissioned as an ensign. After his retirement, he worked as a consultant.


Old Major

Old Major (also called Willingdon Beauty, his name used when showing) is the first major character described by George Orwell in Animal Farm. This "purebred" of pigs is a kind, grandfatherly philosopher of change.

Old Major proposes a solution to the animals' desperate plight on Manor Farm under the Jones administration and inspires thoughts of a rebellion. The actual time of the revolt is unsaid; it could be tomorrow or several generations down the road. Old Major dies three days after delivering his speech and the animals, stirred up by this speech, set to work immediately on the bringing about the Rebellion.

Shortly after his death, the animals rise in revolt and oust the humans from power. This rebellious act is so quick that many do not realize it has happened until it is over. The animals drive Jones and the farmhands off the farm and remove many of the implements of his rule.

The Seven Commandments that Snowball transcribes, which are supposed to encompass Old Major's general philosophy, are gradually altered and deformed under Napoleon until they have entirely different meanings from those originally intended. "Beasts of England", the song that came to Old Major in his dream, is later banned on Animal Farm by Napoleon, at which time it is replaced by "Comrade Napoleon", a hymn composed by Minimus the pig that pledges allegiance to Animal Farm and to work to protect it.

Major's skull is dug up and saluted by the animals every day, even after the rebellion, as a sign of respect that the animals remember their roots and the roots of the Rebellion. Napoleon, who later decides to accept the humans and strike bargains with them, announces that the remains are to be disposed of because they represent the old days when Animal Farm was "violent and primitive" towards humans; towards the end of the story, Napoleon announces that he has reburied the skull.

In both film adaptations, Major dies while provoking the animals into rebelling. In the 1954 adaption (voiced by Maurice Denham), he dies suddenly while the animals are singing. In the 1999 version (voiced by Peter Ustinov), Farmer Jones slips in mud while investigating the sounds coming from the barn, which sets off his shotgun, and indirectly hits Major in his backside, causing Major to stagger backwards and fall from the top of the barn, killing him.

Old Major is partly based on Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin.


Bathurst Mining Camp

The Bathurst Mining Camp is a mining district in northeast New Brunswick, Canada, centred in the Nepisiguit River valley, and near to Bathurst.  The camp hosts 45 known volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits typical of the Appalachian Mountains. Some of the ore is smelted at the Belledune facility of Xstrata. Although the primary commodity is zinc, the massive-sulphide ore body produces lead, zinc, copper, silver, gold, bismuth, antimony and cadmium.

History

Loring Bailey, the professor of geology at UNB in 1864, wrote that:

The Bathurst Mining Camp was the location of an iron mine, for a time ending early in the 20th century. The Northern New Brunswick and Seaboard (NNB&S) railroad was built from the Intercolonial Railway line near Bathurst approximately 17 miles up the Nepisiguit River to service the mines, but had a short history, terminating in 1918 when it officially ceased operation due to the closure of the iron mine in 1913.  The railroad passed into the hands of the provincial government, who were the guarantors of the bonds financing the NNB&S.  By 1959 the provincial government had all of the remaining rails lifted.

A massive sulphide orebody was discovered in 1953.

In 1963 the 14 mile line to Brunswick Mines from Nepisiguit Junction was rebuilt by Canadian National Railways to serve the then-projected zinc mine resulting from the 1953 discovery.

Zinc production at Brunswick Mine began in 1964.

On 9 March 1987, a derailment occurred at Nepisiguit Junction when a runaway CN train journeyed from Brunswick Mines to just short of the wye. There was a mixup in communications and the engineer ended up with more cars on his train than he thought, and the brakes on the engine alone were unable to hold the train on the grade in the Brunswick Mines yard. After a harrowing journey at speeds up to 70 mph the engines derailed on the sharp curve into the wye at Nepisiguit Junction. Both units and most of the 30-car train derailed, but the engineer was not seriously injured.

The zinc mine operated continuously since 1964 until April 2013, surviving economic ups and downs and four major changes in ownership to produce approximately 150 million tonnes of ore at grades of 8.46% Zn, 3.33% Pb, 0.37% Cu, and 99 g/t Ag.

Geology

The Geology of the Bathurst Mining Camp (BMC) is a base metal copper, lead and zinc mainly volcanogenic hosted mineral rich area of north central New Brunswick.  BMC geology is diverse having experienced considerable tectonic activity from the Ordovician to the Jurassic periods.

Geological activity accumulated sulfide minerals into local vent complex sea floor basalts, creating VHMS volcanogenic hosted massive sulfide and SEDEX sedimentary exhalative deposit depositional environments, which were all later accreted and folded onto the margin of the continental crust which formed the Appalachian Mountains during numerous mountain building events.  Additionally the east coast was a highly active regional geological zone experiencing volcanism similar to the Yellowstone along the edge of the Appalachian Mountains of New Brunswick and Maine.

The BMC land area is the grave yards of both the Iapetus and Rheic ocean basins which were subducted under the thicker continental crust and down into the mantle.

The region is mainly known for VHMS and SEDEX environments while it also hosts epithermal, mesothermal and a number of other mineral deposit forming environments. VHMS and SEDEX environments are the primary mineral hosting dynamics producing base and precious metals. Gold and silver are generally low grade associated with zinc and lead rich areas. The gold and silver are present as invisible disseminations within other minerals.

The BMC country rock is also highly intruded by magma plumes. One such plume is on Mount Edward, part of the Notre Dame Mountains, which was exposed by glacial erosion.

Faults
In 2007 there were commonly held to be four major fault lines in the area. The Miramichi fault was the site on 9 January 1982 of a significant earthquake.
Rocky Brook-Millstream fault, near the Millstream River and falls
Heath Steele fault
Catamaran fault
Miramichi fault

Deposits
Nepisiquit A, B, C
Camelback
Halfmile Lake
Orvan Brook

Mines
Brunswick 12 mine
Brunswick 6 mine
Caribou zinc mine
Heath Steele Mines
Wedge Mine
Chester Mine
Key Anacon Mine
Austin Brook Iron Mine
Murray Brook Mine
CNE Mine
Stratmat Boundary Mine


9th OTO Awards

9th OTO Awards

SND, Bratislava, Slovakia

Overall winner  Mário Kollár

Hall of Fame  Emília Vášáryová

Život Award  Mesto tieňov

KRAS Award   Vilomeniny

◄ 8th | 10th ►

The 9th OTO Awards, honoring the best in Slovak popular culture for the year 2008, took time and place on March 11, 2009, at the former Opera building of the Slovak National Theater in Bratislava. The ceremony broadcast live STV. The host of the show was Jožef Pročko, featuring guest appearances by Michal Hudák and Juraj Mokrý.

Presenters

 Adela Banášová and Daniel Krajcer
 Peter Batthyany and Monika Hilmerová
 Ladislav Chudík and Štefan Nižňanský
 Csongor Kassai, Ľuboš Kostelný and Lukáš Latinák
 Boris Kollár and Jana Prágerová
 Maroš Kramár and Janko Kroner
 Petra Polnišová
 Juraj Vaculík

Performers
 Michal Hudák and Juraj Mokrý
 IMT Smile, band
 Zuzana Mauréry, Nikol McCloud and Marcel Palonder, singers
 Tina, singer

Winners and nominees

Main categories
 Television

 Music

Others

In addition, the winning actress Diana Mórová has been voted by public as the best-dressed woman of the ceremony in an online-based poll run by Topky.sk, accumulating 43%. The actress wore a champagne-golden colored gown by a local fashion designer, Andrea Paldan, including a set of jewels made of diamonds and golden topazes by Elen Russo. The runner-up Adela Banášová, she scored 26%, while Lenka Hriadelová received 17% of the total votes.

Superlatives

Multiple nominees
 2 nominations
 Zlatica Švajdová (née Puškárová)

Reception

TV ratings
The broadcast of the awards gained Jednotka a 42.3% 12+ ratings share and was watched by 731,000 viewers, marking the second highest numbers for the show in the history and the most watched television program during prime time. Compared to its predecessor, the 9th OTO attracted 20,000 viewers more than in 2008. According to the STV network, the real-time event was the leader in all target groups that night, sharing audiences only with a TV JOJ series, Panelák.

The fine for Banášová
Almost two years later, the local Council for Broadcast and Retransmission (Rada pre vysielanie a retransmisiu) in Slovakia imposed on December 20, 2011, a fine of €3,000 to RTVS for "a prohibited direct support of sale, purchase and rental of goods, or services of the sponsor in the sponsored program OTO 2008", or rather for the Adela Banášová's acceptance speech during the event. She then said:
Well, I want to thank viewers of TV Markíza and [I] want to thank viewers of all televisions for [that], by means of their viewership, they create a pleasant competitive environment. I want to thank, I've spoken of TV Markíza twice to be sure, and [I] definitely believe [that] I am standing here also because I'm Fun Rádio, and so also this way.


829 Naval Air Squadron

829 Naval Air Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm. Before it was decommissioned in March 2018, it operated the AgustaWestland Merlin HM2 helicopter.

History

1940–1942
829 Naval Air Squadron first formed on 15 June 1940 as a torpedo and reconnaissance squadron at Royal Naval Air Station (RNAS) Ford, Sussex, UK, and equipped with nine Fairey Albacore torpedo bombers. In October, it began nightly bombing attacks from RNAS St. Eval, Cornwall, on German shipping and docks at Brest, France. During these attacks, the commanding officer of 829 NAS L/C OS Stevinson and crew was lost on 9 October 1940. In the next month, the squadron was assigned to the aircraft carrier , which then sailed to escort the convoy WS-5A to West Africa and Cape Town. Part of the convoy came into contact with the German heavy cruiser , but the aircraft of 829 NAS failed to sight her. Leaving Cape Town in January 1941, HMS Formidable sailed for the Red Sea, where her aircraft carried out attacks on the Italian-held cities of Mogadishu and Massawa in February. After a passage through the Suez Canal, the squadron had to be partially re-equipped with Fairey Swordfish due to losses.

During the Battle of Matapan, late in March, one of the squadron's Albacores scored a hit on the Italian battleship , where the squadron CO L/C LCB Ashburner was shot down and killed. Further activities in the Mediterranean involved an attack on an Italian airfield on Karpathos, the second largest of the Greek Dodecanese islands, at the end of May, after which the aircraft operated from Lod for some time, attacking Vichy French shipping during the Syria-Lebanon campaign. However, on 26 May 1941, HMS Formidable received serious damage while transporting aircraft to Malta, being hit by two German  bombs that put her out of action for six months. 829 NAS was stationed in June on Cyprus where all Albacores were left when the carrier sailed for repairs at Norfolk Naval Shipyard (U.S.) in July 1941. Six of the squadron's Swordfish provided anti-submarine patrols whilst the carrier was en route for repairs in the U.S., by way of Cape Town.

After being put ashore in Jamaica, 829 NAS joined  for passage to Norfolk, Virginia (U.S.), before rejoining the repaired HMS Formidable to return to Great Britain. There the squadron received 12 new ASV-equipped Swordfish Mk.II, with which it rejoined HMS Illustrious in March 1942. Sailing by way of Cape Town, 829 NAS took part in an attack on Diego Suarez during the invasion of Madagascar In May. Successful attacks were carried out on the Vichy French submarines Bėvėziers and Le Hėros, and also a sloop and an escort ship, for the loss of five aircraft. Airborne support was provided in September for attacks on the remaining Vichy troops in south Madagascar. Following this, HMS Illustrious sailed to Durban for a refit, and whilst there 829 NAS was amalgamated with 810 Naval Air Squadron at Stamford Hill airfield (near Durban) on 7 October 1942.

1943–1944
On 1 October 1943, 829 NAS was reformed as a torpedo bomber reconnaissance squadron at RNAS Lee-on-the-Solent, flying twelve Fairey Barracuda MK.II as part of the 52nd Naval TBR Wing. These embarked in  in March 1944, and on 3 April took part in Operation Tungsten, a successful attack on the German battleship  in the Kåfjord, Norway for the loss of two aircraft. After an abortive attempt to carry out a similar attack in May, attacks were made on shipping off Norway, but on 9 July 1944 829 NAS was amalgamated with 831 Naval Air Squadron on HMS Victorious and ceased to exist.

1964–1994
829 was reformed at RNAS Culdrose, Cornwall (UK), on 4 March 1964. The squadron was formed from a nucleus of No. 700W Flight, which was the training unit for Westland Wasp helicopter crews. Its task was to provide helicopter detachments to operate from small ships and survey vessels, the Wasp HAS1 performing in the role of a medium-range anti-submarine torpedo-carrying helicopter. The first four such flights were allocated to the frigates , , , and .

The squadron also took over the responsibility for the Westland Wessex HAS1 helicopters operating from s. In 1969, the HAS1 was replaced by the Wessex HAS3. In December 1964, 829 NAS handed over the task of Wasp conversion to 706 Naval Air Squadron, and was relocated to RNAS Portland, Dorset. Until the Wasp was retired in 1988, the squadron remained responsible for all Wasp-equipped Ship's Flights. This led to several Wasps from the squadron, re-painted as a fictional HMS Hero Flight, being used in the popular 1970s BBC television drama series Warship.

When 771 Naval Air Squadron was disbanded in January 1965, 829 NAS also received Westland Whirlwind helicopters returning them when 771 NAS reformed in June 1967. In 1966, 829 NAS also received two Wessex HU5s for operation from the Royal Fleet Auxiliaries  and . Responsibility for the ice patrol ship  was also taken over in 1966, initially using Whirlwind HAR1s. These were soon replaced by Whirlwind HAR9s, which transferred to  in 1968, and were eventually replaced by Wasp helicopters in 1976. In June 1970, responsibility for small ships' Wessex helicopters was transferred to 737 Naval Air Squadron at RNAS Portland.

A further restructuring took place in January 1972 when 703 Naval Air Squadron was established at RNAS Portland to take over the Wasp conversion and operational flying training role. This task was reassigned to 829 NAS in January 1981. In August 1982, the operation of Wessex HAS3 anti-submarine detachments was returned to 737 NAS.

Falklands War
Eleven Westland Wasp HAS1 helicopters of 829 NAS participated in the Falklands War in 1982. They were embarked in the Type 21 frigate , the es  and , the ice patrol ship HMS Endurance, MV Contender Bezant and the survey ships , , and . On 25 April 1982, the Argentinian submarine Santa Fe was spotted by a Wessex HAS3 from . The Wessex then attacked it with depth charges.  launched a Wasp HAS1 helicopter, and  launched a Westland Lynx HAS2. The Lynx attacked the submarine with a MK 46 torpedo, and also strafed it with its pintle-mounted GPMG; the Wessex also fired on Santa Fe with its GPMG. The Wasp from HMS Plymouth as well as two other Wasps launched from Endurance fired AS.12 anti-ship missiles at the submarine, scoring hits. Santa Fe was damaged badly enough to prevent her from submerging. The crew abandoned the submarine at the jetty at King Edward Point on South Georgia and surrendered to the British forces, thus becoming the first casualty of the sea war, as well as the first direct engagement by the Royal Navy Task Force.

The last Wasp was finally withdrawn from service in 1988 when the last of the Type 12 Rothesay-class frigates was decommissioned. Starting in September 1986 829 NAS had already received a number of Westland Lynx HAS2 detachments transferred from 815 Naval Air Squadron. In 1988 the squadron eventually had up to 30 Lynx. Flights were regularly deployed on the Armilla patrol in the Persian Gulf. The squadron was awarded the "Boyd Trophy" jointly with 815 NAS for their service in the Persian Gulf.

Persian Gulf War
Between August 1990 and February 1991, several flights of 829 NAS participated in the Persian Gulf War. Six Lynx helicopters armed with Sea Skua missiles were sent from 829 NAS to the Gulf on four Royal Navy frigates.

The first success came when Lynx 335 from —together with an American Seahawk—came across and destroyed a minesweeper or landing vessel. Lynx 335—along with 's Lynx and U.S. forces—subsequently also destroyed two Iraqi anti-aircraft artillery batteries mounted on offshore oil rigs off Kuwait. On 24 January 1991, Lynx 335 attacked three Iraqi vessels off the island of Quarah, sinking two minesweepers. Lynx 335 also attempted to capture a minelayer, but she was scuttled by her Iraqi crew. Quarah was later captured by coalition forces, becoming the first Iraqi territory to be liberated.

On 29 January, Royal Navy helicopters spotted a flotilla of 17 Iraqi landing craft, part of an attempted amphibious assault in support of the Iraqi forces engaged in the Battle of Khafji. Lynxes from , Gloucester and Cardiff sank two, while the rest were either damaged, sunk or dispersed by U.S. carrier-borne aircraft and Royal Navy Westland Sea King helicopters.

On 30 January, a convoy consisting of three Polnochny-class landing ships, three TNC-45 fast-attack craft and a single Type 43 minelayer was attacked. HMS Gloucesters Lynx destroyed a TNC-45, while Cardiff and Brazens Lynxes attacked the Type 43. Other units were also damaged, including a Polnochny that was later destroyed by RAF SEPECAT Jaguars. On 8 February, Lynx 335 attacked a Zhuk-class patrol boat, and on 11 February, the same helicopter sank another Zhuk.

In total, Lynx helicopters from 829 NAS were responsible for 15 Iraqi ships sunk in the war, at least five of which were sunk by a single helicopter, Lynx 335.

The Squadron was disbanded on 26 March 1993, when all its Lynx Flights were absorbed by 815 NAS.

2004–2013
The squadron was recommissioned on 21 October 2004 at RNAS Culdrose, Cornwall with the Merlin HM.1. 829 NAS originally provided three detachments ("flights") for the following Type 23 frigates: ,  and . With , , and  due to join during 2005 and 2006.

The following ships were allocated flights from 829 NAS as well: , ,  and . The remaining four Type 23 frigates operate Westland Lynx HMA.8s of 815 Naval Air Squadron.

As of 2012 829 NAS has five ship's flights in support of six Type 23 frigates.

2013 to present
The squadron took on Merlin HM.2 and operated from mainly Type 23 frigates.
 01 Flight: Aboard  between November 2015 and present day
 03 Flight: Aboard  during October 2015.
 04 Flight: Aboard  during November 2014.
04 Flight became 02 Flight in May 2016.

In December 2017, the three Flights were renamed to reflect Squadron heritage: 01 Flight became TUNGSTEN Flight; 02 Flight became KINGFISHER Flight; and 03 Flight became MOHAWK Flight.

At the time of decommissioning, the Flights were assigned to:
 TUNGSTEN Flight         HMS St Albans
 KINGFISHER Flight       HMS Westminster
 MOHAWK Flight           HMS Northumberland
The squadron decommissioned on 28 March 2018, with the unit's aircraft and personnel becoming part of 814 Naval Air Squadron, also based at RNAS Culdrose.

Aircraft operated
The squadron operated a variety of different aircraft and marks of aircraft:
 Fairey Albacore I
 Fairey Swordfish I & II(ASV)
 Fairey Barracuda II
 Westland Whirlwind HAR.1, HAS.7 & HAR.9
 Westland Wasp HAS.1
 Westland Wessex HAS.1, HAS.3 & HU.5
 Westland Lynx HAS.2, HAS.3, HAS.3 (CTS) & HMA.8
 AgustaWestland Merlin HM.1 & HM.2

Commanding Officers
 Lt Cdr J P S Greenop              April 1987 - July 1989
 Lt Cdr M R Legg                      July 1989 - June 1990
 Lt Cdr B B Leyshon                 June 1990 - May 1992
 Lt Cdr P A McKay                    May 1992 - Mar 1993
 Lt Cdr P R J Munro-Lott          August 2004 - December 2005
 Lt Cdr S Deacon                     December 2005 - August 2006
 Lt Cdr D Goldsmith                 August 2006 - July 2008
 Lt Cdr B Franklin                    July 2008 - June 2009
 Cdr B Franklin                        June 2009 - October 2009
 Lt Cdr / Cdr M A E Bravery    October 2009 - January 2012
 Lt Cdr / Cdr S Windebank      January 2012 - February 2014
 Lt Cdr P R Beacham              February 2014 - May 2016
 Lt Cdr / Cdr K Burbidge         May 2016 - March 2018


Chremonides

Chremonides (), son of Eteokles of Aithalidai, was an Athenian 3rd century BC statesman and general. He issued the Decree of Chremonides in 268 BC, creating an alliance between Sparta, Athens, and Ptolemy II, the Macedonian King of Egypt. This was a defensive alliance against King Antigonus of Macedon and led to the Chremonidean War.

External links
 Decree of Chremonides: number 19 in Bagnall and Derow, Greek Historical Documents