Double Live (Butthole Surfers album)

Double Live is a live double album by American punk band Butthole Surfers, released on vinyl and cassette tape in 1989. An expanded CD edition followed in 1990. All songs were written by Butthole Surfers, except: "The One I Love," written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe of R.E.M.; "Paranoid," written by Mark Farner of Grand Funk Railroad; "No Rule," written by Jonas Almqvist of Leather Nun; and "Kuntz," a distorted version of "The Fear (กลัวดวง)" ( written by Kong Katkamngae and performed by Phloen Phromdade, two Thai artists.

This was the first album released on the band's own label, Latino Buggerveil. It was limited to 10,000 vinyl printings, 7,500 cassettes, and 4,750 CDs, U.S. and U.K. combined. All three are out of print, though MP3s of the entire CD edition are available as free downloads from Butthole Surfers' official website.

Music
Double Live is a comprehensive live document of Butthole Surfers' then-current lineup – a group that had been playing together non-stop for five years (with the exception of bass player Jeff Pinkus).

In addition to showcasing and, for the first time, officially naming nearly every track from 1988's Hairway to Steven, the album includes live performances of songs from all of Butthole Surfers' previous studio releases, including Butthole Surfers, Psychic... Powerless... Another Man's Sac, Cream Corn from the Socket of Davis, Rembrandt Pussyhorse, and Locust Abortion Technician. It also features "Psychedelic Jam," an instrumental that had been a staple of the band's live set since 1984, and "Strawberry." "Psychedelic Jam" eventually appeared with the addition of vocals and in slightly rearranged form as "P.S.Y." on 1991's piouhgd, while "Strawberry" eventually appeared on 1993's Independent Worm Saloon .

This album also finds the band covering some songs by other artists, such as R.E.M., Grand Funk Railroad, and Leather Nun, as well as their infamous reworking of Black Sabbath's "Sweet Leaf," retitled "Sweatloaf" (a.k.a. "Sweat Loaf").

Background
Butthole Surfers released Double Live in response to widespread, for-profit bootlegging of their live performances. It boasted mildly better sound quality than that available on true bootlegs. Ric Wallace, the band's sound engineer used a portable DAT recorder and a stereo microphone at the "Front of House" mix position to tape the songs during concerts in the winter of 1988 while touring to support their Hairway to Steven studio album.

Copies of the album were pressed in both the U.S. and the U.K., with the U.K. pressing offering marginally better transitions and sound quality than the U.S. edition. The free MP3s available from the band's website are taken from the album's U.K. pressing.

The Mark Farner-written Grand Funk Railroad cover, "Paranoid," was a bit of an inside joke, as Butthole Surfers owned a female pit bull named Mark Farner of Grand Funk Railroad.

Track listing
All songs written by Butthole Surfers except where noted. The song titles listed below match those used on the vinyl and CD editions of Double Live. Many differ from the official titles used on Butthole Surfers' studio albums.

Vinyl edition

Side 1
 "Too Parter" – 4:03  1
 "Psychedelic Jam" – 8:41 2
 "Ricky" – 2:42
 "Rocky" – 3:37
 "Gary Floyd" – 1:47

Side 2
 "Florida" – 3:43 3
 "John E. Smoke" – 7:03
 "Tornadoes" – 2:47
 "Pittsburg to Lebanon" – 3:00
 "The One I Love" (Berry/Buck/Mills/Stipe) – 7:57

Side 3
 "Graveyard" – 4:01
 "Sweatloaf" – 3:57 4
 "Backass" – 6:02
 "Paranoid" (Farner) – 5:45
 "Fast" – 1:47 5

Side 4
 "I Saw an X-Ray of a Girl Passing Gas" – 4:18
 "Strawberry" – 3:25
 "Jimi" – 7:34
 "Lou Reed" – 9:35 6

CD edition
The expanded 1990 CD edition contained 10 additional songs (*) not available on the vinyl version.

This whole album is available on Butthole Surfers' website.

Disc 1
 "Too Parter" – 4:03 1
 "Psychedelic Jam" – 8:41 2
 "Ricky" – 2:42
 "Rocky" – 3:37
 "Gary Floyd" – 1:47
 "Florida" – 3:43 3
 "John E. Smoke" – 7:03
 "Tornadoes" – 2:47
 "Pittsburg to Lebanon" – 3:00
 "The One I Love" (Berry/Buck/Mills/Stipe) – 7:57
 "Hey" – 2:30 *
 "Dum Dum" – 3:00 *
 "No Rule" (Almqvist) – 2:11 *
 "U.S.S.A." – 4:21 *
 "Comb" – 8:01 7 *

Disc 2
 "Graveyard" – 2:35
 "Sweatloaf" – 5:23 4
 "Backass" – 6:02
 "Paranoid" (Farner) – 5:45
 "Fast" – 1:30 5
 "I Saw an X-Ray of a Girl Passing Gas" – 4:26
 "Strawberry" – 3:25
 "Jimi" – 7:34
 "Lou Reed" – 9:35 6
 "Kuntz" (unknown Thai artist) – 2:30 *
 "22 Going on 23" – 4:07 *
 "Creep in the Cellar" – 2:40 *
 "Suicide" – 1:36 *
 "Something" – 9:31 *

1 a.k.a. "Too Partner" and "Two Part"
2 a.k.a. "P.S.Y.," "Psycho Jam," and "Psychedelic"
3 a.k.a. "Moving to Florida"
4 a.k.a. "Sweat Loaf"
5 a.k.a. "Fart Song"
6 a.k.a. "Comb"
7 a.k.a. "Lou Reed" (U.K.), "Jimi" and "Lou Reed" are connected.

* Only available on the CD edition.

Personnel
 Gibby Haynes  – lead vocals, guitar
 Paul Leary  – guitar, lead vocals ("Gary Floyd," "Paranoid," and "Something")
 Jeff Pinkus  – bass
 King Coffey  – drums
 Teresa Nervosa  – drums

Charts


British National League (1954–60)

The British National League was a professional ice hockey league in the United Kingdom.  It was founded in 1954 by the merger of the English National League and the Scottish National League, due to a declining number of teams, as many ice rinks previously fielding several sides chose to cut back.

After the 1954/5 season, all the Scottish teams with the exception of Paisley Pirates quit professional ice hockey, and the league was never able to regain its strength.  It collapsed in 1960, after which no ice hockey league operated in the UK until the formation of the Scottish League in 1962 and its successor the Northern League in 1967.

Champions
1954–55 Harringay Racers
1955–56 Nottingham Panthers
1956–57 Wembley Lions
1957–58 Brighton Tigers
1958–59 Paisley Pirates
1959–60 Streatham


Leonard A. Jason

Leonard A. Jason is a professor of psychology at DePaul University in Chicago, Illinois, where he also directs the Center for Community Research.
His chief professional interests include the study of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), violence prevention, smoking cessation, and Oxford House recovery homes for substance abuse. Jason's interest in chronic fatigue syndrome began when he was diagnosed with the condition in 1990 after having mononucleosis.

Early life and education
Leonard A. Jason is the son of Jay Jason, a well known comedian who entertained in the Catskills Mountains. Jason received a B.A. in psychology from Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts in 1971 and a Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York in 1975.

Career
Jason is a former president of the Division of Community Psychology of the American Psychological Association (APA) and a past editor of The Community Psychologist. Jason has edited or written 28 books, and he has published over 800 articles and 100 book chapters on CFS, ME, recovery homes, the prevention of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug abuse, media interventions and program evaluation. He has served on 92 Thesis Committees (of which he chaired 64), and 102 Dissertation Committees (of which he chaired 52). He has served on the editorial boards of ten psychological journals. Jason has served on review committees of the National Institutes of Health, and he has received over $36,000,000 in federal research grants. He was also a board member and vice-president for a scientific professional organization called the International Association of CFS/ME.

He was a member the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Advisory Committee. In 1999, Jason published an epidemiological study of chronic fatigue syndrome among United States adults. Jason helped organize two major American Psychological
Association sponsored conferences on research methods for community psychology  and co-edited a book on this topic.

Jason has served on the editorial boards of journals including:
 Journal of Community Psychology, 1983–1986, 2007–present.
 Prevention in Human Services, 1986–1995; renamed Journal of Prevention and Intervention in the Community, 1996–present.
 Journal of Health Psychology, 2008–present.
 Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 2013–present.
 The Journal of Primary Prevention, 1983–2007. Appointed Associate Editor, 1986–2007.
 Special Services in the Schools; renamed Journal of Applied School Psychology 1984–2008.
 American Journal of Community Psychology, 1978–1991. Appointed Associate Editor, 1983–1987.
 Professional Psychology, 1978–1991.
 Behaviorists for Social Action, 1983–1990.
 Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1986–1991.

Honors and awards
In 1991, Jason was provided the Ethnic Minority Mentorship Award from the Society for Community Research and Action. He received in 1997 the Distinguished Contributions to Theory and Research Award from the Society for Community Research and Action. He was presented the 1997 CFIDS Support Network ACTION Champion Award by the Chronic Fatigue Immune Dysfunction Syndrome Association of America.
He was presented in 1998 with DePaul University's Cortelyou–Lowery Award for Excellence.
He received the Dutch ME Foundation International ME Award in 2003. In 2007, he received the Special Contribution to Public Policy Award from the Society for Community Research and Action. He was awarded the 2011 Perpich Award by the International Association for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (IACFS/ME) for distinguished community service. Also in 2011, he was presented with the Tom Fellows Award by the Oxford House Organization for 20 years of research documenting the process of long term recovery from addiction. In 2013, Jason was presented with the DePaul University’s College of Science and Health’s Excellence in Research Award.  In 2015, he was presented the American Psychological Association’s award for Distinguished Professional Contributions to Applied Research.

Bibliography

Selected publications

 Jason, L.A., McManimen, S. L., Sunnquist, M. L., Newton, J. L., & Strand, E. B. (2017). Clinical criteria versus a possible research case definition in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 5, 89–102.  doi: 10.1080/21641846.2017.1299077
 Jason, L.A., & Stevens, E. (2017). The reliability and reciprocity of a social network measure. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 35, 317–327.  doi: 10.1080/07347324.2017.1355220
 Jason, L.A. (2017). To serve or not to serve: Ethical and policy implications. American Journal of Community Psychology, 60, 406–413.
 Jason, L.A., Fox, P.A., & Gleason, K. D. (2018). The importance of a research case definition. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 6, 52–58. doi: 10.1080/21641846.2018.1389336

Selected books

Jason, L.A., & Glenwick, D.S. (Eds.) (2012). Methodological Approaches to Community-Based Research. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
 Jason, L.A. (2013). Principles of Social Change.. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
 Jason, L.A. & Glenwick, D.S. (Eds.). (2016). Handbook of Methodological Approaches to Community-Based Research: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods.. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 1 July 2018.


Pseudargyra

Pseudargyra is a genus of fly in the family Dolichopodidae.

Species
Pseudargyra cornuta Van Duzee, 1930
Pseudargyra fuscipennis Van Duzee, 1930
Pseudargyra magnicornis (Van Duzee, 1930)
Pseudargyra tarsalis (Van Duzee, 1930)


Robert Leipertz

Robert Leipertz (born 1 February 1993) is a German footballer who plays as a forward for 1. FC Heidenheim.

External links


Koppole

Koppole its a combination of two divisions in Ongole city, Prakasam district in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.


Spirembolus perjucundus

Spirembolus perjucundus is a species of sheet weaver found in the United States. It was described by Crosby in 1925.


Edwin P. Martz

Edwin P. Martz, Jr (1916 – September 25, 1967 or 1966) was an American physicist and astronomer.

He worked with William Pickering at Lowell Observatory in 1937 creating the first color photographs of Mars. He then worked at the Dearborn Observatory from 1939 until 1941. During the Second World War he was an optical engineer for the U.S. Army and worked on a tracking system for missiles using telescopes. After the war he continued to work in this field until 1958. He then became a research physicist at the Scripps Institute, and later accepted a position at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1960. There he was responsible for the cameras on the Ranger spacecraft exploring the Moon. At the time of his death he had worked out the preliminary design for the camera system of the Voyager space mission. He died saving his research in a house fire. His papers were donated to the University of Chicago, his alma mater.

Honors
Martz received the George W. Goddard Award in 1964. A crater on Mars was named in his honor.

External links
Biography


Charlotte Seither

Charlotte Seither (born 1965) is a German classical composer, pianist and music educator. She has composed a wide range of orchestral, chamber and choral music, winning many awards including the 2014 German Music Authors' Prize for contemporary choral composition. Her works have been performed across Europe, in Asia and in the Americas.

Biography
Born in Landau on 31 August 1965, Seither studied piano, German language and musicology in Hanover and Berlin under Frank-Michael Beyer, Friedrich Goldmann and Aribert Reimann, earning a doctorate in 1998.

In 1994, she won first prize at the Göttingen Composition Contest and the following year she became the first German to win first prize at the Prague Spring International Composition Contest. Her works have been performed by the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Ensemble Modern. She has been a participant at the Warsaw Generation Festival, Gaudeamus Amsterdam and the BBC Proms. In 2010, she received Lower Saxony's Praetorius Music Prize and in 2014,the German Music Authors' Prize for contemporary choral composition.


1999 Canada Cup

The Canada Cup ( Maple Cup) of 1999 was an international football (soccer) tournament played at the Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada from 2 June 1999 to 6 June 1999. It included hosts Canada, Iran, Ecuador and Guatemala, which replaced the Brazil Olympic Team.

All games were considered full FIFA international games. Ecuador's striker Ariel Graziani became top scorer of the event, scoring three goals in three matches.

Final table

Results

Ecuador vs Iran

Canada vs Guatemala

Ecuador vs Guatemala

Canada vs Iran

Iran vs Guatemala

Canada vs Ecuador


Dune: The Machine Crusade

Dune: The Machine Crusade is a 2003 science fiction novel by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson, set in the fictional Dune universe created by Frank Herbert. It is the second book in the Legends of Dune prequel trilogy, which takes place over 10,000 years before the events of Frank Herbert's celebrated 1965 novel Dune. The series chronicles the fictional Butlerian Jihad, a crusade by the last free humans in the universe against the thinking machines, a violent and dominating force led by the sentient computer mind Omnius.

Dune: The Machine Crusade debuted at #7 on The New York Times Best Seller list.

Plot summary
Dune: The Machine Crusade moves forward into the center of the Butlerian Jihad, described in the first book of the trilogy, Dune: The Butlerian Jihad. Leading the movement is the ex-slave and ex-machine trustee Grand Patriarch Iblis Ginjo. However, Iblis appears more interested in politics and his own personal legacy than in the Jihad.

Vorian Atreides, despite the long life given to him by his father, the Titan Agamemnon, begins to show the vestiges of wanting to settle down after visiting the planet Caladan, and meeting Leronica Tergiet, who is to become his long-term concubine.

Xavier Harkonnen manages to free Ix from the thinking machines and must eventually make the ultimate sacrifice that will tarnish his name.

The robot Erasmus continues with his enlightening human experimentation, and makes a curious bet with the Omnius entity on Corrin, where he claims he can raise a human being to be orderly and civilized like a machine. This child is Gilbertus Albans, the first true Mentat.

Omnius himself suffers badly from a computer virus created by Vorian and spread unwittingly by his old companion Seurat.

On Ginaz, the aging Zon Noret is killed in a training accident by a mek called Chirox, a captured and reprogrammed fighting machine. Though Noret did not live to pass on his skills to the other Ginaz mercenaries, Chirox remained to train them into the greatest of all mercenaries, the Swordmasters, who will be the ultimate fighting force against the thinking machines.

On the planet of Poritrin, Norma Cenva leaves the world just in time to avoid a slave uprising during which a slave, unaware of the consequences, fires a lasgun into a Holtzman personal shield. The resulting explosion wipes out Tio Holtzman's labs; the slave revolt is eventually brutally crushed. Meanwhile, Norma, due to her heritage as daughter of the main Sorceress of Rossak Zufa Cenva, finally taps into her latent powers under great pressure (precipitated by her capture and subsequent torture by the Titan Xerxes) to become the spearhead of humanity. She envisions a future in which massive ships transport goods and humans instantaneously across the universe, using the Holtzman effect to fold space. Norma's ships are the first of what will later be known as heighliners, and her family uses their monopoly on such travel to found the Spacing Guild.

As for the slaves on Poritrin, a small band of Zensunnis steal the first space-folding ship and flee to a lonely desert planet called Arrakis, where they will join the followers of Selim, and become the Free Men of Arrakis.

Finally, the remaining Titans take their chance becoming independent from their machine master Omnius on the planet of Bela Tegeuse.

Reception
Dune: The Machine Crusade debuted at #7 on The New York Times Best Seller list.


Robert Clayton (City of London MP)

Sir Robert Clayton (1629–1707) was a British merchant banker, politician and Lord Mayor of London.

Life
Robert Clayton was born in Northamptonshire, England. He became an apprentice to his uncle, a London scrivener, where he met a fellow apprentice, Alderman John Morris. They became successful businessmen and established the bank, Clayton & Morris Co.

Clayton entered politics, representing London and Bletchingley alternately as a Whig between 1679 and his death in 1707.
He was knighted in 1671.
Clayton made a considerable fortune.
In 1697 he lent the king £30,000 to pay for the army.
In the mid-1650s Clayton purchased Brownsea Island and its castle.

He was president of the St Thomas' Hospital in London which was then located in the Borough. He employed Thomas Cartwright to rebuild the hospital and St Thomas Church nearby.
A statue of Clayton now stands at the North Entrance to Ward Block of North Wing at St Thomas' Hospital and is Grade I listed.

Robert Clayton was a member of the Scriveners and Drapers Company, an Alderman of Cheap Ward in the City of London (1670–1683), a Sheriff in 1671, Lord Mayor of London (1679–1680), a member of parliament for the City of London or Bletchingley for most of the years 1679 to 1707, Colonel of the Orange Regiment of militia (various times, 1680–1702), President of the Honourable Artillery Company (1690–1703), Commissioner of the Customs (1689–1697), an Assistant to the Royal African Company (1672–1681) and a director of the Bank of England (1702–1707).

In the 1690s, Clayton was the head of the earliest known Freemason lodge entirely made-up of non-working masons in London.


Ballot Browser

Ballot Browser is open source ballot counting software developed initially for the Humboldt County (California) Election Transparency Project. In November 2008, counting performed with Ballot Browser revealed a bug in Premier Election Solutions' (formerly Diebold Election Systems) GEMS tabulation software. Subsequent investigation by the California Secretary of State led to the decertification of the GEMS version used in Humboldt County.

Ballot Browser was developed by Mitch Trachtenberg and is available, free, from http://www.tevsystems.com.


Hexafluoropropane

Hexafluoropropane may refer to several isomeric organofluorides:
 1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexafluoropropane, R-236cb, CAS 677-56-5
 1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoropropane, R-236ea, CAS 431-63-0
 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane, R-236fa, FE-36, CAS 690-39-1
 1,1,2,2,2,3-Hexafluoropropane

See also: hexafluoropropene


Pattabhi

Pattabhi () is an Indian name.

 Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya, an Indian independence activist and political leader in the state of Andhra Pradesh
 K. Pattabhi Jois, an Indian yoga teacher
 Pattabhi Rama Reddy Tikkavarapu, an Indian writer, film producer and director.


Marten van Valckenborch

Marten van Valckenborch or Marten van Valckenborch the Elder (1535 in Leuven – 1612 in Frankfurt), was a Flemish Renaissance painter, mainly known for his landscapes and city scapes.  He also made allegorical paintings and some portraits. After commencing his career in the Spanish Netherlands, he later migrated to Frankfurt in Germany where he and other members of his extended family of artists played an important role in local artistic developments.

Life

Marten van Valckenborch was born in Leuven in what would become one of the most prominent Flemish families of artists.  Spanning three generations, 14 artists are recorded in the family of whom his younger brother Lucas the Elder and his own sons, Frederik van Valckenborch and Gillis van Valckenborch, were the most important personalities.

Marten joined the Guild of St Luke in Mechelen on 13 August 1559. On 3 December 1563 Gysbrecht Jaspers was recorded as his pupil. The early biographer Karel van Mander reported that Marten van Valckenborch learned to paint landscapes in Mechelen, which was known at the time as a center for oil and water-colours and especially landscape painting.  In 1564 Marten moved to Antwerp, where his brother Geraard van Valckenborch trained with him until 1568.

At the start of the iconoclastic fury of the Beeldenstorm in 1566 he left town with his brother Lucas. The brothers made a trip from Liège to Aachen along the Meuse (river), painting river valley views.  In 1566 the artist was in Aachen, where he was joined in 1570 by his brother Lucas. In Aachen, the two brothers were also joined for two years by Hans Vredeman de Vries, friend and fellow artist. Hendrik van Steenwijk the Elder also resided in Aachen where he married Marten van Valckenborch's daughter.  Marten became a citizen of Aachen in 1573.

Marten was recorded back in Antwerp in the years 1575-1576 and was referred to as an ouderman (elder) in the Antwerp Guild of St Luke in 1584.   He left the Spanish Netherlands after the Fall of Antwerp in 1585.

He was registered in Frankfurt from 1586 onwards.  On 7 July 1586 Marten became a citizen of Frankfurt, together with his son-in-law Hendrik van Steenwijk the elder. At the beginning of 1593 his brother Lucas joined Marten in Frankfurt after a residence in Austria.

Marten and his brother operated in Frankfurt a large workshop, which his sons Gillis and Frederik joined.  Marten died in 1612 in Frankfurt.

Work

Marten's subject matter was principally landscapes populated with religious or allegorical themes or depicting agricultural or mining scenes.  He also produced some portraits and also collaborated as a staffage painter with the still life painter Georg Flegel.
His work has been overshadowed by that of his brother Lucas I, who achieved prominence as the court painter of Archduke Matthias of Austria, during the Archduke's term as governor of the Spanish Netherlands and afterwards.

In his early works Marten showed a preference for landscapes of uniform terrain with shallow undulations, in which he always placed oak trees as an articulating element.  He also often included large or numerous incidental figures, as he did in the 11 paintings representing allegories of the months (all in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna). He later developed towards a more late Mannerist idiom. Landscapes in this late style are characterised by dramatically agitated clouds and large mountains. An example is The tower of Babel (1595, Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister).

He painted, like his brother Lucas, a number of mining scenes, which were probably based on his drawings of scenes along the Meuse river valley around present-day Huy in Belgium.  There he had likely witnessed and sketched mining activities related to the iron industry.  Some of his paintings of mining scenes such as River valley with iron mining scenes provide detailed depictions of the mining and smelting process of the late 16th and early 17th century.

Marten van Valckenborch regularly returned to the subject of the Tower of Babel, which was also depicted by Pieter Bruegel the Elder and later by a whole range of Flemish artists. The subject of the Tower of Babel is usually interpreted as a critique of human hubris, and in particular o the Roman Catholic Church which at the time was undertaking at great expense large-scale construction projects such as the St. Peter's Basilica.  However, it has also been viewed as a celebration of technical progress, which would herald a better and more organized world.


Micromania-Zing

Micromania-Zing, formerly Micromania is the major video game retail company in France founded in 1983 by Albert Loridan.

In 2008 it was purchased by GameStop for approximately US$700 million (€480 million) in cash.

In 2017 the company merged with its sister company Zing Pop Culture and changed its name to Micromania-Zing. Zing was launched in 2015 for distribution of derivative products of game francicses: manga, comics, films, etc. The consolodating merge addressed the decrease in gaming revenues.


Gerrit van Santen

Gerrit van Santen or Gerard Cornelisz van Santen (1591/92–1656) was a Dutch Golden Age painter and writer. He was born in Delft probably in 1591 or 1592, and was buried in the city on 26 April 1656.

Career

Author
Van Santen's farce Lichte Wigger was printed in Leiden in 1617. It was performed by the Amsterdam Chamber of Rhetoric in 1635, and reprinted the same year. It was followed by a series of other comedic pieces in the 1620s, including a volume of epigrams printed under the titleTijd-Verdrijfjes ("Little Pastimes").

Painter
In 1629 Van Santen was admitted to the Guild of St Luke in The Hague. Between 1637 and 1650 several payments were made by Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange for paintings of battles and sieges (including the siege of Hulst, siege of Sas van Gent, and siege of Schenkenschans).

Works

Author
Lichte Wigger', 1617Snappende Sytgen, 1620Van t'een op t'aer, 1624Keurelycke Neeltge, 1625Stomme-boden ofte brieven, 1625Graefs wandelpraetje, 1626Tijd-verdrijfjes, 1626Gierigheids misprijsing ende weldoens lof en loon"", 1629

Painter
Cavalry Battle, 1635, auctioned in Stockholm 1996
Cavalry Battle, 1640, auctioned in London 1981
Siege of Schenkenschans, ca.1645, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
Battle of Lekkerbeetje, ca. 1650, Gouda city hall


Aglaja Orgeni

Aglaja Orgeni, real name Anna Maria von Görger St. Jörgen (17 December 1841 – 15 March 1926), was a Hungarian operatic coloratura soprano.

Biography
Orgeni was born in Rimászombat, Galicia (now Rimavská Sobota, Slovakia). She studied with Pauline Viardot in Baden-Baden and Mathilde Marchesi.

She became a member of the Hofoper Berlin (1865–1866), making her debut as Amina in Bellini's La sonnambula. In 1866, she performed at Covent Garden singing Violetta in Verdi's La traviata and the title roles in Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor and Friedrich von Flotow's Martha. She also appeared in the German cities of Leipzig, Dresden, and Hanover. In 1872 she appeared in Vienna, and in 1873, in Munich where she performed the roles of Leonora in Verdi's Il trovatore, Amina in La sonnambula, and Valentine in Meyerbeer's Les Huguenots. Her repertoire also included Agathe in Weber's Der Freischütz and Marguerite in Gounod's Faust.

Orgeni became a voice teacher at the Dresden Royal Conservatory in 1886. Her students included Maude Fay, Carolyn Ortmann, Margarethe Siems, Helena Stägemann, and Erika Wedekind.Forbes, Elizabeth (1992). "Wedekind, Erika" in Sadie 4: 1121–1122. She eventually was appointed to the rank of Royal Professor, the first woman in Germany to receive that title. She died in Vienna.


Nazam Shirazi

Nazim Shirazi was a Bangladeshi cricketer. He played in the 1982 ICC Trophy in England.

Career
Shirazi was selected in Jan 1982, to play for the Central Zone side against the touring Hyderabad Blues side consisting of Indian test players including B. S. Chandrasekhar, Chetan Chauhan, Anshuman Gaekwad, Roger Binny, Rakesh Shukla and other Test players. Opening the innings, he top scored for the side with 32. But even greater effort came in the three-day match at Dhaka. After the Bangladesh top order collapsed against the spin of Indian Test bowler Rakesh Shukla, Nazam, along with his cousin Jahangir Shah Badshah repaired the damage. Nazam scored 56, and Badshah made 40, out of a team total of 182.

Shirazi was selected for the ICC Trophy in England during the summer of 1982. There, he played 5 matches and scored 107 runs. His highest, 52, came in the 3rd-place play-off against PNG. He shared a 170-run 1st wicket partnership with Yousuf Babu (115).

During March 1983, Shirazi played against the touring West Bengal side, led by Indian test player Dilip Doshi. It was a miserable experience for the local side as the magic of Doshi's spin was too much for them. The West Bengal team won the match by an innings and 42 runs with Doshi taking 12 wickets. Nazam was one of the few Bangladeshi players who could handle Doshi  properly. His 29 in the 2nd innings was the highest individual score for the local side.

Shirazi played in Los Angeles for more than a decade.

Family
Shirazi came from a big cricketing background. Nazam's older brothers Talib Shirazi and Kazem Shirazi also played at the top level in Bangladesh. His cousin Jahangir Shah Badshah was a regular for national side from 1978–1990. Badshah's brothers, Azim Shah, Munna Shah and Nadir Shah were highly successful in domestic cricket. Munna Shah and Nadir Shah also enjoyed brief stints with the national side. Nadir Shah later became an umpire.


OfficeMax

OfficeMax is an American office supplies retailer founded in 1988. It is now a subsidiary of Office Depot, Inc., which is headquartered in Boca Raton, Florida. As of December 2012, OfficeMax operated 941 stores in 47 states, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Mexico. In 2012, net sales were $6.9 billion, down from $8.3 billion in 2008.

On February 20, 2013, an all-stock merger between Office Depot and OfficeMax was announced. The merger was completed on November 5, creating the largest U.S. office-supplies chain. The OfficeMax name continues to serve as a brand of the newly formed Office Depot, Inc.

History
On April 1, 1988, OfficeMax was founded in Cleveland, Ohio, by Bob Hurwitz and Michael Feuer. Hurwitz served as executive chairman and chief executive officer, and Feuer was the president and chief operating officer. On July 5, 1988, OfficeMax opened its first retail store in the Golden Gate Shopping Center in Mayfield Heights, Ohio; after being open for 27 years, this location closed on May 16, 2015. Hurwitz left the company in 1993 and Feuer became the chairman and chief executive officer.

OfficeMax grew by acquisition with Office World first in November 1990, with Office World executive and Montgomery Ward becoming minority shareholders. In 1990, Office Square stores were purchased from Kmart, in exchange for a 22% equity stake. In 1991, Kmart increased its stake in OfficeMax to 92%. In January 1992, OfficeMax acquired five sites from Highland Superstores in Boston. OW Office Warehouse, a Virginia-based regional chain, was acquired in June 30, 1992. The company then acquired BizMart, its largest acquisition (104 stores) to date, in 1993 from Intelligent Electronics. On August 16, 1993, OfficeMax joined Kmart and most of the other Kmart-owned banners in the "largest power center" Kmart operated in Utica, Michigan. OfficeMax acquired a 19% stake in Corporate Express, a contract stationer. In May 1994, Kmart put a plan in front of its stockholders to sell 20% to 30% of each of its specialty store subsidiaries shares on the open market to pay down debt and fund future expansion of the subsidiaries. Kmart's shareholders turn down the proposal at their June 3 annual meeting. In November 1994, FurnitureMax store within a store concept begins testing in the Cleveland market. In 1995, Kmart sold off 51% of OfficeMax shares, spinning off the company and became a NYSE-(OMX) publicly traded corporation, based in Shaker Heights, Ohio.

Public corporation
In 1995, OfficeMax became one of a handful of companies doing business through internetMCI. Around this time Kmart sold the remaining 25% of the OfficeMax shares it held. On July 14, 1996, a new kiosk program called BatteryMax was test launched in two Phoenix stores. BatteryMax were operated by Batteries for Everything.

OfficeMax also filed lawsuits for infringement for use of the "Max" name against Med Max and Circuit City for CarMax, its used car business. For the next few years OfficeMax and its rivals, Staples and Office Depot, continued to open new stores, saturating the market segment.

OfficeMax developed regional delivery centers, and invested in its super-regional PowerMax distribution centers in Las Vegas, Nevada, Hazleton, Pennsylvania, and Birmingham, Alabama after litigation began with previous logistics and shipping provider.

A small sized store concept, OfficeMax PDQ, test was launched in Woodmere, Ohio, in late June 1998.

Purchase by Boise Cascade
From 2001, OfficeMax began closing underperforming stores in some neighborhoods and in regions where it did not have a strong presence. In 2003, OfficeMax was acquired for $1.3 billion  by Boise Cascade Office Products Corporation, who later rebranded themselves OfficeMax.

Merger with Office Depot
It was announced February 20, 2013, that OfficeMax and Office Depot would combine in an all-stock deal, creating the largest U.S. office-supplies chain. However, as of May 2, 2013, a lawsuit filed by a stockholder, Hollander v. OfficeMax Inc et al., U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois, No. 13-3330 was filed to block the merger, which would pay all OfficeMax shareholders 2.69 shares of Office Depot in exchange for a single share in OfficeMax. Eric Hollander said in a statement "OfficeMax, if properly exposed to the market for corporate control, would bring a price materially in excess of the amount offered in the proposed transaction..." Office Depot said on May 5, 2013 that it would hold a special meeting with shareholders after the staff of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission finished reviewing documents relating to its merger with OfficeMax. On November 5, 2013, the merger was completed. On December 10, 2013 Office Depot, Inc. announced that it had chosen Boca Raton, Florida for its global headquarters post-merger, closing the OfficeMax headquarters in Naperville, IL.

On February 4, 2015, Office Depot agreed to be acquired by rival Staples for $6.3 billion. However, on December 7, the Federal Trade Commission voted to block the merger. On May 16, 2016, Office Depot announced that the merger agreement between Staples and Office Depot had been terminated.


Gustave Reininger

Gustave Reininger (December 15, 1950 – April 19, 2012)was an American scriptwriter who was the co-creator of the NBC TV drama, Crime Story. The executive producer was Michael Mann. Crime Story was based on the Mafia in Chicago, or "The Outfit," and how it got off the streets and into the boardrooms of Las Vegas casinos. The show premiered with a two-hour pilot - movie, which had been exhibited theatrically, and was watched by over 30 million viewers. Crime Story then was scheduled to follow Miami Vice on Friday nights, and continued to attract a record number of viewers.

Reininger was a former Wall Street international investment banker who had come to Mann's attention based on a screenplay he had written about arson investigators, and a French language thriller with Dennis Hopper that he had co-written and produced. Mann's agent somehow reached Reininger while he was traveling incognito in the Mayan Highlands of Guatemala, with a liberation theology catholic Bishop.

Reininger researched Crime Story by winning the confidence of Detective William Hanhardt who put him in touch with undercover officers in the Chicago Police Department. They sent him on meetings with organized crime figures. Reininger risked wearing a body microphone and recorder. After visiting the crime scene of a gruesome gang slaying of bookmaker Al Brown, Reininger backed off his Mafia interviews.

In a June 1986 press conference, Mann said that the first season of the show would go from Chicago in 1963 to Las Vegas in 1980. He said, "It's a serial in the sense that we have continuing stories, and in that sense the show is one big novel." Mann and Reininger's inspiration for the 1963-1980 arc came from their mutual admiration of the 15½ hour television film, Berlin Alexanderplatz, by German director Rainer Werner Fassbinder'. Mann said, "The pace of our story is like the speed of light compared to that, but that's the idea - if you put it all together at the end you've got one hell of a 22-hour movie."

NBC chief Brandon Tartikoff allowed the series to move to Las Vegas for the last quarter of the 22 episodes. The last episode is legendary as Ray Luca and Pauli Taglia are on the lam, hiding from Det. Mike Torello, in a Nevada desert shack, which is located in an atomic bomb test area. An A-Bomb explodes, presumably obliterating Luca and Taglia, in one of the most memorable cliffhangers in television history, leaving viewers wondering whether they were dead or alive, just as the show's creator were wondering if the series itself was dead or alive with NBC. Viewers were surprised to learn in the fall the series had returned to be permanently based in Las Vegas.

The principal characters are based on the real-life head of the Chicago anti-mob unit, Det. William Hanhardt and on Chicago mobster Anthony Spilotro.

Reininger was subpoenaed to Spilotro's trial in Federal Court in Las Vegas as an unwilling material witness for Spilotro, who was alleging that the only way Reininger could have written scripts and the series "Bible" was by having access to Federal wiretaps of Spilotro. Reininger in turn discovered that his New York phones were being monitored. Reininger was served Spilotro's subpoena, and given a deadly warning, in a New York hotel bar by now infamous Hollywood private detective Anthony Pellicano, who in 2006 was imprisoned for illegal wiretapping, blackmail and harassment while representing notable entertainment figures.

Spilotro returned home to Chicago and was brutally murdered along with his brother Michael, and buried in an Indiana cornfield. The case was dismissed, and Reininger, who had sent all his Crime Story work materials to a former banking associate in Zurich, Switzerland, did not have to testify.

Subsequently, Martin Scorsese directed and produced his movie Casino loosely basing it on elements of Crime Story, which was recognized at the Casino premiere as an inspiration. Crime Story was the prototypes for today's arc-driven television series, such as 24 and The Sopranos that have continuing story lines over multiple episodes.

Recent work
Reininger is the director producer of this feature documentary Corso: The Last Beat, which is in post production in the fall of 2007.

“Corso – The Last Beat” - Synopsis

The “Beats” are back. Ever “cool”, ever “hip”, this poignant, humorous film will introduce today’s youth market to the inner circle of the American Icons known as “the Beat Generation” – Kerouac, Ginsberg, Burroughs and Gregory Corso. It dove-tails with the new wave of interest in this 50th anniversary of “On the Road” and Francis Coppola’s upcoming film version... “The Last Beat” looks at the extraordinary life of Gregory Corso, the most colorful of “the Beats”… Outstanding documentary work combine with pacing and entertainment value that come from the film-maker’s background: Co-creator of NBC's and Michael Mann's “Crime Story” and "Miami Vice" contributor… By following Corso, the film shows how “the Beats” changed American society, paving the way for youth culture, the sexual revolution and even hip-hop… The film follows Gregory Corso on a trip to the monuments of France, Italy, and Greece retracing the early days of "The Beats."... Remarkably, the film-maker found Corso's Italian mother who abandoned him as a baby; reunited them; and caught these poignant moments on film… Corso also amazes by visiting prison inmates at Clinton State Prison, where at age 17 he was encouraged by Italian mafia prisoners to educate himself. (He ended up at Harvard later.)… After the European odyssey, a revitalized Corso returns to Greenwich Village to work again... Then, in ultimate irony, Corso faces his own mortality with humor and pluck, comforted by Ethan Hawke, Patti Smith and his newfound mother, Michellina.

Background
Reininger graduated from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati. He graduated from University of Chicago, studying Economics and English literature. His prose was published in college literary magazines.

Reininger was an International Investment Banker with Chemical – Chase Bank, (now JP Morgan Chase.) He was on a management team supervising offshore banks, in a partnership venture with the Earl of Suffolk, John Scott-Ellis, the 9th Baron Howard de Walden. Reininger supervised banks based in Guernsey, Channel Islands; Beirut, Lebanon; Nassau, Bahamas; and Monrovia, Liberia.

At night, Reininger re-wrote scripts at, for producer Howard Zucker. Among them, Francis Coppola's 5th Coin, a script on Macau’s Formula One race,.

While working in Paris on a bank assignment Reininger co-produced a French Language thriller starring Dennis Hopper, Last In – First Out. The film also starred Bruno Cremer (Friedkin’s Sorcerer), Henri Serre (Jules et Jim) and Joseph Cotten (Citizen Kane.)

Reininger then migrated to working at Warner Brothers with partner Luis Sanjurjo. In addition to co-creating Crime Story, Reininger was a contributor to Michael Mann's Miami Vice and Robbery Homicide Division. Reininger has worked with directors Sydney Pollack, Penny Marshall, Paul Verhoeven and other notable filmmakers.


Temasek Polytechnic

Temasek Polytechnic (Abbreviation: TP) is an institution of higher learning located in Tampines, Singapore. It is the third polytechnic established in the country. As an industry-focused alternative to a broader based junior college education, polytechnic graduates in Singapore are sought after for work or well-prepared to complete university degrees. In contrast to polytechnics in the United States and the UK, polytechnics in Singapore admit the majority of their students after secondary school, normally at the age of 16-17, which is after ten years of formal education. A diploma in a specialised area of study, for example Law & Management, is awarded after completing three years of academic studies and industry internship.

Established on April 6, 1990, the campus of the institute sits on a 30 hectare plot near the Bedok Reservoir in the eastern part of Singapore. Temasek Polytechnic features 37 full-time and > 40 part-time diploma courses, spread over 6 academic schools. Currently Temasek Polytechnic has approx. 14,000 full-time students and more than 1,200 academic and administrative staff.

History

1989-1995
In June 1989, Dr Tony Tan, then the Minister of Education, announced that a third polytechnic is being considered and in April, 1990, Temasek Polytechnic was established with an initial enrolment of 735 students. The institute originally set up at Baharuddin Vocational Institute's premises at Stirling Road and the vacated premises of Raffles Institution at Grange Road. Due to increased enrolment and the introduction of new courses, three more campuses at Kim Seng, Bukit Merah and Portsdown Road were acquired to house the institutes' student population.

1995: Moving to a permanent location
In September, 1995, the permanent campus for Temasek Polytechnic was completed and it moved to its current location in the town of Tampines.

2012-present: Logo redesign, construction of foyer
Temasek Polytechnic underwent a logo redesign, sporting a fresh new look to reflect the vibrancy of the school. The TP Auditorium Foyer began construction in 2010 and was completed in 2013. McDonald's, Subway, and Cheers are available to both staff and the general public.

Academic

Academic Schools
School of Applied Science
School of Business
School of Design
School of Engineering
School of Humanities & Social Sciences
School of Informatics & IT

Temasek Polytechnic offers 37 full-time diploma courses in the areas of applied sciences, business, design, engineering, humanities & social sciences, and informatics & IT.

The TP Student Profile and the TP Fundamentals Curriculum
In 2017, TP adopted the TP Student Profile (TSP) that comprises nine desired attributes which together spell out how TP endeavours to develop each student into a Lifelong Learner, Future-oriented Creator and Values-Centred Leader. A set of subjects, collectively known as the TP Fundamentals (TPFun) curriculum was created concurrently to instil these TSP attributes in all our students and prepare them for the New Economy. TPFun focuses on imparting key skills including leadership, communication, critical thinking, innovation and entrepreneurship, which industries in this economy require. In addition, students will develop a more global mindset, build resilience through learning and playing a sport, and even gain knowledge and skills for healthy living.

Global Exposure
In today's highly globalised economy, it is one of TP's main priorities to arm our graduates with the necessary skills to help them turn into world-savvy individuals. We are the only polytechnic in Singapore to have a Centre for TransCultural Studies, which works to create opportunities for our students to have cross-cultural experiences, both locally and overseas. Opportunities to acquire international experiences via learning trips, overseas internships and exchanges, as well as community involvement programmes are theirs for the taking.

Internships
Internships give our students real-world work experience, and is a cornerstone of the polytechnic teaching system. Generally ranging between 12 and 26 weeks, TP's internship programme exposes our students to the ins and outs of the very industry they will be a part of after they graduate. Our extensive industry networks give our students access to a wide range of businesses and academic institutions, both in Singapore and abroad. Some of them have enjoyed once-in-a-lifetime internship experiences working with world-renowned companies, such as Airbus in France, Disney World in the US and the Four Seasons Safari Lodge in Tanzania, while others have been involved with leading researchers at prestigious universities and research institutions around the world.

Advanced Standing
Universities that recognise the TP diploma may grant advanced standing to you, depending on your academic achievements, sometimes for up to two years. This means that with a TP diploma, you spend a shorter time pursuing your degree at a university. Some of our students with a two-year advanced standing only need two years to complete a four-year honours degree course. Our graduates have done very well at local and overseas universities, with many getting good honours degrees in their fields. Many have also gone on to pursue their Masters and PhD programmes. More than half of our graduates go on to pursue a university degree immediately after graduation, or after National Service. Many more do so following some work experience.

SkillsFuture Earn and Learn Programmes
Our graduates can sign-up for Earn and Learn Programmes (ELP) – a work-study programme designed to give Singapore Citizens or PRs, who are fresh polytechnic or ITE graduates, a head-start in careers related to their discipline of studies. The ELP supports the participants’ transition into the workforce by allowing them to secure full-time employment with industry leaders. It is also an opportunity for these graduates to build on the skills and knowledge within their respective specialisations after graduating from TP.

Campus Facilities

Training Facilities
Getting trained at cutting-edge facilities, such as the TP-Nvidia Technology Centre, TP-Autodesk Serious Games Hub, Agilent Partner Laboratory @ TP, Interactive Digital Centre Asia and TP-Lufthansa Technical Training Centre Singapore, is an advantage students can look forward to when they join TP. Developed in partnership with various industry sectors, these facilities keep our students up-to-date with the most current operations platforms and the latest developments and practices.

State-of-the-art learning enterprises
In addition to these facilities, our campus also has a range of Learning Enterprises that mimic actual business working environments. The TP-IBM IT Service Management Centre, the TP-Thomson Reuters Financial Risk Management Centre, TopTable (a fine-dining restaurant), Kelly Services Career Centre and the TP Animal Clinic, amongst others, provide our students with the opportunity to put to practice what they have learned through interacting with and servicing real customers.

Campus features

Temasek Polytechnic's campus was designed by architect James Stirling. The campus has 61 lecture theaters, a convention centre, canteens, auditoria, an amphitheatre, laboratories and training facilities, a large library, sporting facilities, and 13 food outlets including three cafés, three F&B outlets and an air-conditioned food court.

The Temasek Aviation Academy was opened in 2014 in the School of Engineering . The 6000 square metre facility houses a Hawker 700 private jet, specialised laboratories, and specialized training equipment for the aerospace diploma courses.

Former lecturer convicted of fraud
On 30 May 2017, American Mikhy K. Farrera-Brochez was sentenced to 28 months jail for cheating, lying to a public servant, possessing drugs and using forged educational certificates to gain employment as a lecturer in early childhood and psychology for Temasek Polytechnic. Farrera-Brochez, who is HIV-positive, moved to Singapore in 2008 and successfully applied for an employment pass in 2009 by faking his HIV blood test result with the aid from his boyfriend Ler Teck Siang who was on duty as a general practitioner at the clinic. Investigations further revealed his educational certificates, including a doctorate degree in psychology and education from the University of Paris, were forged. In an interview with The New Paper in 2010, he claimed to be well-versed in Hebrew, English and Spanish and that he entered Princeton University at 13 before transferring to Vanderbilt University as the latter was better in linguistic courses. He also claimed that his mother, Teresa King, a renowned professor of child and adolescent psychology, child neurology and gifted science and mathematics education in the UK was responsible for his success. This claim was later proven to be false by UK mainstream media, The Independent.

On 28 January 2019, after being deported back to the United States, Farrera-Brochez released confidential information of 14,200 individuals diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus in Singapore that he had obtained from Ler when he was the head of the National Public Health Unit in the Ministry of Health.

Achievements
 In 2018, students designed and built a Proton Exchange Membrane-power unit, successfully powering both an UAV and an electric bicycle using the same unit, thought to be a world-first.
 The School of Design is a three-time winner of the Crowbar Awards 'Institution of the Year' and 'Best of Show' for the year 2017, 2018 and most recently 2019. The Crowbar Awards is the only major student competition in the region and sees entries from institutions worldwide. The competition is a creative & craft competition where students from creative, design & media challenge for titles in 5 main categories. The best among the 5 categories walks away with the top prize for Best of Show and Institution of the Year (entries average 900-1000 annually and about 10% are from foreign institutions worldwide)
 A team of students from the school of Engineering, Diploma in Aerospace Engineering (AEG) course won the Gold award in the annual Singapore Space Challenge (SSC2018) competition held on 2 Feb 2018 by the Singapore Space and Technology Association.

Notable alumni

 Priscelia Chan - Mediacorp actress
 Sylvia Ratonel - Singapore Idol finalist
 Ferlyn Wong - Singaporean singer
 Faris Ramli - Singaporean footballer
 Jacob Mahler - Singaporean footballer
 Hady Mirza - Singapore Idol Asian Idol winner
 Teo Ser Luck - Member of Parliament, Singapore
 Xu Bin - Actor and singer
Dasmond Koh - TV host and Founder of talent agency Noontalk Media
Hong Ling - Mediacorp Artiste


Truesight

Truesight is a young adult and science fiction novel, by American author David Stahler Jr. It is the first book of the Truesight Trilogy.

Plot summary
Truesight, a novel written by David Stahler, Jr., takes place in the futuristic colony, Harmony Station, which is located on a foreign planet.  Everyone in harmony is willingly or genetically blind.  They follow the philosophy of Truesight in which people cannot see, so they do not get caught up in an external beauty of the world but an internal beauty of people.

The protagonist, Jacob, is a 12 going on the 13-year-old boy living in Harmony station on Nova Campi.  While at school, he has a terrible headache that is described as being like “a web of fire.” The headaches eventually leads to Jacob receiving sight.  The novel portrays this as a gradual shift from blur to clarity.  While in the early stages of his sight's development, Egan, Jacob's best friend, proposes that they check out a delivery.  Deliveries are the rare occasions in which “seers” bring supplies or food from Harmony's Earth-based foundation located in Australia.  Harmony's rules state that every citizen must be inside their houses during a delivery following the curfew unless otherwise authorized.  Jacob manages to escape his house and he finds a bush to hide behind to check out the delivery.  He finds another of his friends, Delaney, who is the daughter of the high councilor, and his mother's prime music student, there too.  Both of them are discovered and run in different directions.  Jacob gets back to his house, but Delaney dies.

Later, after running down a hill with Egan and falling, Jacob can see clearly.  He has to keep his sight a secret.  He skips school one day and saves a field worker's life but cannot tell anyone because he would be discovered.  He plays games in which he avoids other people's detection as he passes them on the streets. He enjoys this sight, but that goes against the very foundation of his community.  He tells Egan the secret of his sight, but Egan turns him in.  Jacob is taken to the high councilor's house and is sentenced to surgery to remove his sight as well as his memory of sight.  He conflicts.  He goes to Delaney's grave using a tool people in Harmony use to find other people called a finder.  However, he concludes that she's not dead, but that she ran away because the finder points away from the community.  He doesn’t run away to find her too due to his lack of preparation.

While Jacob is preparing for his surgery, he talks to the high councilor.  He learns that the high councilor is having an affair with Jacob's mother and that the high councilor can see too.  Jacob jumps up and runs away.  He grabs provisions from his house and exits Harmony “for good”

Characters
 Jacob, the protagonist, is conflicted when he gains sight.  He doesn’t know how to handle this change that goes against the key foundation of Harmony Station.  He is discovered and runs away, so he can find Delaney because she ran away.
 Delaney, the daughter of the High Councilor, wants to escape Harmony.  She is Gina's prodigious music student.  She is eventually reported dead.
 The High Councilor, Martin, the leader of Harmony Station, is Delaney's father.  He reports her as dead even though he let her run away by herself without sight.  He sentences Jacob to the elimination of his sight and memory, has an affair with Gina, and can see.
 Egan, Jacob's best friend, is the same age and goes to school with Jacob.  Jacob tells him the secret of his sight, but Egan tells his father because he can tell something is bothering him. His father ends up telling the council.
 Regina, Jacob's mother, is a musician in Harmony.  She teaches Delaney and gets very upset when Delaney is reported dead and when Jacob lies to her.
 Richard, Jacob's father, works in the Harmony fields.
 Beth, the girl that Jacob is attracted to, has extremely awkward moments with Jacob.
 Mr. Spencer, Egan's father, forces Egan to tell him what's wrong after Jacob tells Egan the secret.  Mr. Spencer plays a key role in the prosecution of Jacob.
 Holman, Jackson's partner, is a seer who helps repair the ghostbox.
 Jackson, Holman's partner, is also a seer who helps fix the ghostbox.
 Mr. Robinson, Jacob's orienteering teacher, teaches Jacob how to use a finder.  He is disgusted when he learns Jacob can see.
 Mrs. Lawson, Jacob's history teacher, teaches students in Harmony.  She is disgusted when she learns Jacob can see.
 Parker, Jacob's partner in the finding test, is found by Jacob in record time due to Jacob's sight.

Major themes
Critics have noted that Truesight’s “science-fiction theme”  deals with the role of society and hypocrisy.  Kirkus Reviews noted that “the conflict between individual and society”  plays a key role in Truesight.  Kirkus Reviews called the society a “dystopia”.  Publishers Weekly also noted that Truesight revolves around “the dangers of fundamentalism”.  Kirkus Weekly also claimed that Truesight uses the theme of hypocrisy through pointing out “unevenly distributed food, government corruption, and the misery of his friend Delaney” (Kirkus).  Inkweaver Review showed that Truesight “revolves around the theme of what happens when we close our eyes to what is around”.  Publisher's weekly showed the hypocrisy thought describing how “his supposedly pious, tightly knit, morally upright community harbors thieves, adulterers, and hypocrites".

Reception
The School Library Journal compared Truesight to “Lois Lowry’s The Giver”. Critics from Inkweaver Reviews called it a “remarkable debut novel”.  Publishers Weekly claimed that “Stahler does a remarkable job".  Some critics described it as memorable.  The School Library Journal  claimed that “fans...will find it absorbing”.  Inkweaver also said that this would make “a great read”.

However, not all reviews were as positive.  The School Library Journal stated that there were “less attractive aspects of the story”.  Publisher's Weekly also claimed that “the story can be easily anticipated”.  Some critics like Kirkus Review called Truesight “an interesting concept marred by poor execution”.

Background

While at Dartmouth College working for his master's degree, David Stahler Jr. wrote his thesis "which turned into the novel Truesight" soon after.

Bibliography


Smokey & Miho

Smokey & Miho was a musical group named after lead vocalists Miho Hatori and Smokey Hormel.  Hatori collaborated with Hormel after leaving the group Cibo Matto. The group released two EPs and later released a compilation album, The Two EPs, which was composed of the two previously released EPs.

Band information
 Miho Hatori: Vocals
 Smokey Hormel: Guitars, Vocals
 Jon Birdsong: Horns
 Don Falzone: Bass
 Joey Waronker: Drums
 Mauro Refosco: Percussion
 Ganda: Vocals

Discography

EPs
Smokey & Miho (2002)
Tempo De Amor (2002)

Compilation
The Two EPs (2003)
(Vinyl re-release on Varèse Sarabande 2017)


Mohammadabad-e Nil

Mohammadabad-e Nil (, also Romanized as Moḩammadābād-e Nīl; also known as Moḩammadābād and Nīl) is a village in Khosrowabad Rural District, Chang Almas District, Bijar County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 286, in 63 families.


Clady railway station

Clady railway station in County Donegal, Republic of Ireland served the village of Clady, County Tyrone in the United Kingdom.

The station opened on 7 September 1863 on the Finn Valley Railway line from Strabane to Stranorlar.

It closed on 1 January 1960.

Routes


Spaceway F1

Spaceway F1 (Spaceway 1) was a part of AT&T’s constellation of direct broadcast satellites.  The satellite was launched via a Zenit 3SL rocket from Sea Launch’s Odyssey equatorial platform on April 26, 2005.  Its operational position was in geosynchronous orbit  above the equator at 103.0 degrees west longitude. SPACEWAY-1 was a Boeing 702-model satellite with a 12-year life expectancy. It provided high definition television to DirecTV customers with its Ka-band communications payload. DirecTV did not make use of the broadband capabilities on SPACEWAY-1 even though it was originally built by Boeing for this purpose.

SPACEWAY-1 was the heaviest commercial communications satellite (13,400-lb or 6,080-kg) ever put into orbit until iPSTAR-1 (6,775 kg) was launched by Arianespace on August 11, 2005.

T10 was co-located with SPACEWAY-1 in order to use the 500 MHz of unused spectrum for HDTV broadcasting. This spectrum was originally intended for the broadband internet capabilities of the two SPACEWAY satellites which were disabled by Hughes at the request of DirecTV.

During its last years, its main purpose was to serve as a backup satellite.

Spaceway F1 suffered thermal damage to its battery in December 2019, prompting AT&T to request the spacecraft be decommissioned before February 25, 2020, to prevent the risk of the spacecraft exploding.

As the damages to the satellite's batteries were significant and irreversible, in February 2020, the Spaceway 1 satellite was moved into a graveyard orbit above the geostationary orbit and decommissioned.


Kurilian Bobtail

The Kurilian Bobtail is a cat breed (or breed group, depending on registry) originating from the Kuril Islands, as well as Sakhalin Island and the Kamchatka peninsula of Russia. Short- or long-haired, it has a semi-cobby body type and a distinct short, fluffy tail. The back is slightly arched with hind legs longer than the front, similar to those of the Manx.  The breed is also called the Kuril Islands Bobtail, Kuril Bobtail (both often misspelled "Kurile") and Curilsk Bobtail, and may be referred to without "Bobtail". It is sometimes also spelled Kurilean. The original short-haired variant is a natural breed, known on the islands for over 200 years. As selectively bred pets, they have been popular in Russia and to some extent other parts of Europe, especially for their rodent-hunting abilities, since the middle of the 20th century, but remained rare in North America .

Kurilians are recognized as a breed group of a pair related short- and [semi-]long-haired breeds by The International Cat Association (TICA), which considers them "Advanced New Breeds" ineligible for championship status, ) and by the Fédération Internationale Féline (FIFe). The World Cat Federation (WCF) recognizes them as a single breed.  , the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) did not recognize the breed at all.

While possibly closely related to the Japanese Bobtail breed – both share the same kind of kinked, short tail, but the Japanese is leaner, more angular and less cobby – the Kurilian originated on the opposite side of Eurasia from the similarly named Karelian Bobtail of western Russia and Finland, and is thus unlikely to be a near relative.  Genetic studies may eventually demonstrate the breed's connection to others. Just as the Japanese Bobtail and tailless-to-short-tailed Manx arose independently on islands a world apart, the Kurilian's bobbed tail may be an isolated spontaneous mutation that became common on the Kuril and Sakhalin islands because of the limited genetic diversity of island biogeography (an example of the founder effect and, at , of the species-area curve).

Origin
This new breed is not well known outside of its native territories. Though it is a native to Japan with a long history on a chain of islands, known as the Kurils, that runs from the easternmost point of Russia to the tip of Japan's Hokkaido Island. Also known as the Kuril Bobtail or the Curilsk Bobtail, because the Kuril Islands are Russian-owned, this breed is being developed and promoted as a Russian aboriginal breed that is separate and distinct from the Japanese Bobtail. It was adopted by the WCF in 1994.

Characteristics
In the wild, this cat is an excellent fisher and hunter, which may explain why the Kurilian loves to play in water. The Kurilian's wild look is not reflected in the temperament of the breed. It is known for its clever and gentle nature.

The variety is mostly known for its distinctive "pom-pom" kinked, short tail. Short- or longhaired, it has a distinct short, fluffy tail ranging from 2 to 10 vertebrae. The back is slightly arched, with hind legs longer than the front,. It has a medium to large, substantial, muscular build and rounded-rectangular, wide face. Eye colors conform to the color of the coat. The colors yellow, green, and yellow-green are preferred. There are semi-longhair and shorthair Kurilians. All colors without colorpoint and solid are allowed. Part of the reason for its rarity is that there are just two or three kittens in a litter. The most common coat colors are in red, to grey, to bobtail stripes. The lifespan of a Kurilian Bobtail ranges from 15 to 20 years, owing to their breed's being developed in the wild.


Karl-Erik Andersson

Karl-Erik "Cacka" Andersson (16 January 1927 — 16 August 2005) was a Swedish footballer, bandy player and ice hockey player. He made 174 Allsvenskan appearances for Djurgårdens IF and scored three goals.

Honours

Club

 Djurgårdens IF
 Division 2 Nordöstra: 1948–49
 Allsvenskan: 1954–55


Grande Rivière de l'Anse la Raye

The Grande Rivière de l'Anse la Raye is a river of Saint Lucia.


Barbarian Princes

Barbarian Princes is 1999 live album recorded in Japan recorded by Mick Farren and friends released under the name The Deviants.

The album was recorded with long-time friend and collaborator Andy Colquhoun and featured Wayne Kramer's backing band.

Track listing
 "Aztec Calendar" (Farren, Colquhoun)
 "Eating Jello with a Heated Fork" (Farren, Colquhoun)
 "Disgruntled Employee" (Farren, Lancaster)
 "It's Alright Ma, I'm Only Bleeding" (Bob Dylan)
 "God's Worst Nightmare" (Farren, Colquhoun)
 "Leader Hotel" (Farren, Henry Beck)
 "Lennon Song" (Colquhoun)
 "Thunder on the Mountain" (Farren, Colquhoun)
 "Lurid Night" (Farren, Colquhoun)
 "Dogpoet" (Farren, Colquhoun)

Personnel
 Mick Farren – vocals
 Andy Colquhoun – guitar
 Doug Lunn – bass
 Ric Parnell – drums


Rutilograptis

Rutilograptis is a genus of moths belonging to the family Tortricidae.

Species
Rutilograptis cornesi Razowski, 1981
Rutilograptis couteauxi (Ghesquire, 1940)


Robbie Ross

Robert Baldwin Ross (25 May 18695 October 1918) was a Canadian journalist, art critic and art dealer, best known for his relationship with Oscar Wilde, to whom he was a devoted friend, lover, and literary executor. A grandson of the Canadian reform leader Robert Baldwin, and son of John Ross and Augusta Elizabeth Baldwin, Ross was a pivotal figure on the London literary and artistic scene from the mid-1890s to his early death, and mentored several literary figures, including Siegfried Sassoon. His open homosexuality, in a period when male homosexual acts were illegal, brought him many hardships.

Biography

Family
Ross was born in Tours, France. His mother, Elizabeth Baldwin, was the eldest daughter of Robert Baldwin, a Toronto lawyer and politician who in the 1840s, together with his political partner Louis Hippolyte Lafontaine, led Canada to autonomy from Britain. Ross's father, John Ross, was a Baldwinite and a Toronto lawyer who had a very successful political career, serving as Solicitor General for Upper Canada, Attorney General, Speaker of the Legislative Council, President of the Legislative Council, director, and, for a time, President, of the Grand Trunk Railway, and Canadian Senator. He became Speaker of the Senate in 1869.

Ross was the youngest of five children, with two sisters, Mary and Maria, and two brothers, John and Alexander. The family moved to Tours, France, in 1866 while Elizabeth was pregnant with Maria, who was born in 1867, the year of Canadian Confederation. John fulfilled his duties as Senator largely in absentia until he was chosen as Speaker of the Senate in 1869, the year of Robbie's birth, making his return to Canada unavoidable. The rest of the family followed in 1870. John died in January 1871 and Elizabeth moved the family to London, England, the following April.

At Cambridge
In 1888, Ross was accepted at King's College, Cambridge, where he became a victim of bullying, probably because of his sexuality, which he made no secret of, and perhaps also his outspoken journalism in the university paper. Ross caught pneumonia after being dunked in a fountain by a number of students who had, according to Ross, the full support of a professor, Arthur Augustus Tilley. After recovering, he fought for an apology from his fellow students, which he received, but he also sought the dismissal of Tilley. The college refused to punish Tilley (though he resigned as Junior Tutor) and Ross dropped out. Soon after that, he chose to "reveal his sexuality" to his family.

Oscar Wilde

Ross found work as a journalist and critic but he did not escape scandal. He is believed to have become Oscar Wilde's first male lover in 1886, even before he went to Cambridge. In 1893, a few years before Wilde's imprisonment, Ross had a sexual relationship with a boy of sixteen, the son of friends. The boy confessed to his parents that he had engaged in sexual activity with Ross and also admitted to a sexual encounter with Lord Alfred Douglas while he was a guest at Ross's house. After a good deal of panic and frantic meetings with solicitors, the parents were persuaded not to go to the police, since at that time their son might be seen as equally guilty and face the possibility of going to prison.

On 1 March 1895, Wilde, Douglas, and Ross approached a solicitor, Charles Octavius Humphreys, with the intention of suing the Marquess of Queensberry, Douglas’ father, for criminal libel. Humphreys asked Wilde directly whether there was any truth to Queensberry’s allegations of homosexual activity between Wilde and Douglas, to which Wilde replied “No.” Humphreys applied for a warrant for Queensberry’s arrest, and approached Sir Edward Clarke and Charles Willie Mathews to represent Wilde. His son, Travers Humphreys, appeared as junior counsel for the prosecution in the subsequent case of Wilde vs Queensbury.

Following Wilde’s imprisonment in 1895, Ross went abroad but he returned to offer both financial and emotional support to Wilde during his last years. Ross remained loyal to Wilde and was with him when he died on 30 November 1900.

After Oscar Wilde
Ross became Wilde's literary executor, which meant that he had to track down and purchase the rights to all of Wilde's texts, which had been sold off along with Wilde's possessions when Wilde was declared bankrupt. It also meant fighting the rampant trade in black market copies of his books and, in particular, books, usually erotic, that Wilde did not write, but which were published illegally under his name. Ross was assisted in this task by Christopher Sclater Millard, who compiled a definitive bibliography of Wilde's writings. Ross gave Wilde's sons the rights to all their father's works along with the money earned from their publication or performance while he was executor. In 1905, he attended the first performances in England of Wilde's Salome at the Bijou Theatre. One of the actors was Frederick Stanley Smith (1885–1953) with whom Ross had a relationship.

In 1908, some years after Wilde's death, Ross produced the definitive edition of his works. Ross was also responsible for commissioning Jacob Epstein to produce the sculpture now to be seen on Wilde's tomb. He even requested that Epstein design a small compartment for Ross's own ashes. As a result of his faithfulness to Wilde even in death, Ross was vindictively pursued by Lord Alfred Douglas, who repeatedly attempted to have him arrested and tried for homosexual conduct.

From 1901 to 1908, in personal and professional partnership with More Adey, Ross managed the Carfax Gallery, a small commercial gallery in London co-founded by John Fothergill and the artist William Rothenstein. The Carfax held exhibitions of works by such artists as Aubrey Beardsley, William Blake and John Singer Sargent. After leaving the Carfax, Ross worked as an art critic for The Morning Post.

During the First World War, Ross mentored a group of young, mostly homosexual poets and artists, including Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen. He was also a close friend of Wilde's sons Vyvyan Holland and Cyril Holland.

In early 1918, during the German Spring Offensive, Noel Pemberton Billing, a right-wing member of Parliament, published an article entitled "The Cult of the Clitoris" in which he accused members of Ross's circle of being among 47,000 homosexuals who were betraying the nation to the Germans. Maud Allan, an actress who had played Wilde's Salome in a performance authorised by Ross, was identified as a member of the "cult". She unsuccessfully sued Billing for libel, causing a national sensation in Britain. The incident brought embarrassing attention to Ross and his associates.

Later, in 1918, Ross was preparing to travel to Melbourne, to open an exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria, when he died suddenly in London.

In 1950, on the 50th anniversary of Wilde's death, Ross's ashes were placed into Wilde's tomb in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.

Ross's work
Ross was able to rely on an allowance and then an inheritance from his wealthy family, leaving him free to pursue his interests. His main contribution to literature lies in his work, not only as Wilde's executor, but also, earlier, as a friendly but critical reader of many of Wilde's texts. If Ross is to be believed, he frequently suggested changes and improvements.

Ross also tried his hand as a writer. He provided an introduction to Wilde's play Salome. His book Masques and Phases is a collection of previously published short stories and reviews. As an art critic, Ross was highly critical of the post-impressionist painters.

Tributes
In 2008, the University of Bradford's LGBT Society, Bradford MSGI, named its library collection the Robbie Ross Liberation Library.

Appearances in literature
Florence Earle Coates dedicated her poem To R. R.: On Rereading the "De Profundis" of Oscar Wilde (1912) to him.
 Ross has a brief appearance in the  Pat Barker novel The Eye in the Door. His part in Noel Pemberton Billing's agitation against him and his circle is mentioned throughout as a backdrop to the main story.
 The protagonist of Timothy Findley's novel The Wars (1977) is named after him. The historical Ross appears as a character in Findley's novel Pilgrim.
 In films he was portrayed by Dennis Price in Oscar Wilde (1960), Emrys Jones in The Trials of Oscar Wilde (1960), Michael Sheen in Wilde (1997), and by Edwin Thomas in The Happy Prince (2018).
 Ross was a major character in David Hare's play The Judas Kiss (1998).
 Robert Ross has a major role in Dave Sim's graphic novel Melmoth (), which formed only a small part of Sims' 6,000-page work Cerebus. Only tangentially related to the main storyline, Melmoth chronicles the final days and death of Wilde following his release from prison, with quotations from primary sources. (The title alludes to Wilde's alias, Sebastian Melmoth, which he had adopted following his release from prison.)

Further reading
There have been three major biographies of Ross's life. These are:

 Maureen Borland's Wilde's Devoted Friend: A Life of Robert Ross 1869–1918 (1990);
 Jonathan Fryer's Robbie Ross (2000); and
 Neil McKenna's The Secret Life of Oscar Wilde (2003), which examines Ross's sexuality in detail.

Ross's relationship with Frederick Stanley Smith is discussed in Maria Roberts' 'Let Them Say; The Life of Frederick Stanley Smith' (2016).

See also: Margery Ross, ed. Robert Ross. Friend of Friends. Letters to Robert Ross, Art Critic and Writer, together with extracts from his published articles. (1952).


Oreohelix hammeri

The Seven Devils mountain snail, scientific name Oreohelix hammeri is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oreohelicidae. This species is endemic to the United States.


Robert Henry Otley Gale

Robert Henry Otley Gale (1878 – 26 July 1950) was the 18th mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia from 1918 to 1921. He was born in Quebec.

He became mayor after winning a massive victory over incumbent Malcolm McBeath by 3300 votes following a prohibition-related scandal.


Joel Rosenman

Joel Rosenman (born 1942), conceived and co-created the Woodstock Festival in 1969.  Rosenman thought of the idea for the three-day concert when he and business partner John Roberts evaluated a recording studio proposal brought forward by Michael Lang and Artie Kornfeld.  The four went on to create the event; Rosenman and Roberts are the co-authors of Young Men with Unlimited Capital, also published as Making Woodstock,  a non-fiction account of their exploits as producers of Woodstock.

Childhood and education
Born the second of three children, Rosenman grew up on Long Island in the town of Cold Spring Harbor, New York. He is Jewish.

Early career and Media Sound
John Hammond, then head of A&R at Columbia Records, offered Rosenman a recording contract in 1967, but Rosenman opted instead for a career in writing and venture capital with friend, and then partner, John Roberts.

In 1967, Rosenman and Roberts drafted the pilot episode of a situation comedy based on two young men looking for investment opportunities. In search of plot material for the series, they placed a classified ad in The New York Times claiming to be "Young men with unlimited capital" looking for "legitimate and interesting...business proposals."  Rosenman and Roberts received thousands of responses, including a few which lured them into the field of venture capital as entrepreneurs rather than sitcom writers. The following year, in 1968, they commenced work on the construction of Media Sound Recording Studios, a large-scale recording complex on the west side of Manhattan in New York. A year later, the studios opened to considerable interest in the music world. Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, it was the preferred recording location for many of the era's leading artists.

Woodstock

Known for their involvement with Media Sound, Rosenman and Roberts were approached by Michael Lang and Arthur Kornfeld, who initially approached Media Sound for partnership in building a recording studio in upstate New York.  Intrigued by a section in their proposal which called for an opening day cocktail party that would invite local artists "like Bob Dylan," Rosenman recast the proposal as a concert instead of a studio.  He and Roberts encouraged Lang and Kornfeld to consider the idea, and the four later agreed upon the new direction, forming Woodstock Ventures, Inc. to develop the concert over the ensuing six months. Zoning Board permits issued to Woodstock Ventures authorized a maximum attendance of "50,000," but in August 1969, several million would-be concert-goers clogged the highways and country roads of New York State, trying to get to the concert. Half a million succeeded in reaching the performance area and spent the weekend helping to create the "Woodstock" phenomenon.

Though the 1969 Woodstock Festival earned acclaim and cultural prominence, the overwhelming turnout resulted in unforeseen expenses which left Woodstock Ventures in substantial debt.  For more than a decade following the Festival, Rosenman and Roberts worked to repay the losses from the event, eventually tying up those loose ends in the early 1980s.

Current
Rosenman managed an investment fund, Source Financing Investors. The fund advanced Democratic Party fundraiser Norman Hsu's company, Components Ltd.,  $40 million, money which Rosenman later reported to be missing. Hsu pleaded guilty to counterfeiting documents and defrauding Rosenman and other investors out of their investments.

Portrayals
In the 2009 film Taking Woodstock Rosenman is portrayed by Daniel Eric Gold.


Pineapple Princess

"Pineapple Princess" is an American pop song made popular by Annette Funicello in the summer of 1960.  It appeared on the LP album, Hawaiiannette.  "Pineapple Princess" was written by The Sherman Brothers. As a single, it reached the Top 15 in the three major US trade publications: Billboard, Cash Box, and Music Vendor.

In 1964, the Quinto Sisters recorded the song as a single for Columbia Records and performed it on NBC-TV for Mitch Miller’s Sing Along with Mitch.

The novelty-rock band Barnes & Barnes performed a cover of this song on their 1986 album Sicks.

In 2014, a remix of the song by Kinsey Moore was released as a part of Walt Disney Records' album, Dconstructed.

External links
The Annette Sound
The Official Quinto Sisters Web Site


Concrete art

Concrete art was an art movement with a strong emphasis on geometrical abstraction. The term was first formulated by Theo van Doesburg and was then used by him in 1930 to define the difference between his vision of art and that of other abstract artists of the time. After his death in 1931, the term was further defined and popularized by Max Bill, who organized the first international exhibition in 1944 and went on to help promote the style in Latin America. The term was taken up widely after World War 2 and promoted through a number of international exhibitions and art movements.

Origination

After the formal break up of De stijl, following the last issue of its magazine in 1928, van Doesburg began considering the creation of a new collective centered on a similar approach to abstraction. In 1929 he discussed his plans with Uruguayan painter Joaquín Torres-García, with candidates for membership of this group including Georges Vantongerloo, Constantin Brancusi, František Kupka, Piet Mondrian, Friedrich Vordemberge-Gildewart and Antoine Pevsner, among others. However, van Doesburg divided the candidates between artists whose work was still not completely abstract and those free of referentiality. As this classification entailed the possibility of a disqualification of the first group, the discussions between the two soon broke down, prompting Torres-García to team up instead with Belgian critic Michel Seuphor and form the group Cercle et Carré.

Following this, van Doesburg proceeded to propose a rival group, Art Concret, championing a geometrical abstract art closely related to the aesthetics of Neo-plasticism. In his opinion, the term 'abstract' as applied to art had negative connotations; in its place he preferred the more positive term ‘concrete’.  Van Doesburg was eventually joined by Otto G. Carlsund, Léon Arthur Tutundjian, Jean Hélion and his fellow lodger, the typographer Marcel Wantz (1911-79), who soon left to take up a political career. In May 1930 they published a single issue of their own French-language magazine, Revue Art Concret, which featured a joint manifesto, positioning them as the more radical group of abstractionists.

"BASIS OF CONCRETE PAINTING
We say:
 Art is universal.
 A work of art must be entirely conceived and shaped by the mind before its execution. It shall not receive anything of nature’s or sensuality’s or sentimentality’s formal data. We want to exclude lyricism, drama, symbolism, and so on.
 The painting must be entirely built up with purely plastic elements, namely surfaces and colors. A pictorial element does not have any meaning beyond “itself”; as a consequence, a painting does not have any meaning other than “itself”.
 The construction of a painting, as well as that of its elements, must be simple and visually controllable.
 The painting technique must be mechanic, i.e., exact, anti-impressionistic.
 An effort toward absolute clarity is mandatory."

The group was short lived and only exhibited together on three occasions in 1930 as part of larger group exhibitions, the first being at the Salon des Surindépendents in June, followed by Production Paris 1930 in Zürich, and in August the exhibition AC: Internationell utställning av postkubistisk konst (International exhibition of post-cubist art) in Stockholm, curated by Carlsund. In the catalog to the latter, Carlsund states that the group's "programme is clear: absolute Purism. Neo-Plasticism, Purism and Constructivism combined". Shortly before van Doesburg's death in 1931, the members of the Art Concret group still active in Paris united with the larger association Abstraction-Création.

Theoretical background

In 1930, Michel Seuphor had defined the role of the abstract artist in the first issue of Cercle et Carré. It was “to establish, on the foundations of a structure that is simple, severe and unadorned in every part, and within a basis of unconcealed narrow unity with this structure, an architecture which, using the technical means available to its period, expresses in a clear language that which is truly immanent and immutable.” The art historian Werner Haftmann traces the development of the pure abstraction proposed by Seuphor to the synthesis of Russian Constructivism and Dutch Neo-Plasticism in the Bauhaus, where painting abandoned the artificiality of representation for technological authenticity.  “In close connection with architecture and engineering, art should endeavour to give form to life itself … [The former] provided new sources of inspiration as well as new materials – steel, aluminium, glass, synthetic materials.”

As van Doesburg had pointed out in his manifesto, in order to be universal, art must abandon subjectivity and find impersonal inspiration purely in the elements of which it is constructed: line, plane and color. Some later artists associated with this tendency, such as Victor Vasarély, Jean Dewasne, Mario Negro and Richard Mortensen, only came to painting after first studying science. Nevertheless, all theoretical advances seek justification in past practice, and in this case the mathematical proportions expressed in abstract form are to be identified in various art forms over millennia. Thus, argued Hartmann, “the elimination of representational images and the overt use of pure geometry do not imply a radical and definitive rejection of the great art of the past, but rather a reassertion of its eternal values stripped of their historical and social disguises.”

Development

While Abstraction-Création was a grouping of all modernistic tendencies, there were those within it who carried the idea of mathematically inspired art and the term ‘concrete art’ to other countries when they moved elsewhere. A key figure among them was Joaquin Torres García, who returned to South America in 1934 and mentored artists there. Some of those went on to found the group Arte Concreto Invención in Buenos Aires in 1945. Another was the designer Max Bill, who had studied at the Bauhaus in 1927-9. After returning to Switzerland, he helped organize the Allianz group to champion the ideals of Concrete Art. In 1944 he organized the first international exhibition in Basle and at the same time founded abstract-konkret, the monthly bulletin of the Gallerie des Eaux Vives in Zurich. By 1960 Bill was organizing a large retrospective exhibition of Concrete Art in Zürich illustrating 50 years of its development.

Abstraction, which had been quietly gathering momentum in Italy between the world wars, emerged officially in the Movimento d'arte concreta (MAC) in 1948, whose foremost exponent, Alberto Magnelli, was another past member of Abstraction-Création and had been living in France for many years. However, some seventy native painters were represented in the Arte astratta e concreta in Italia exhibition held three years later at the National Gallery in Rome. In Paris recognition of this approach resulted in several exhibitions of which the first was titled Art Concret and held at the Gallerie René Drouin during the summer of 1945. Described as "the first major post-World War 2 exhibition of abstract art”, the artists exhibited there included the older generation of abstractionists: Jean Arp, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Sonia Delaunay, César Domela, Otto Freundlich, Jean Gorin, Auguste Herbin, Wassily Kandinsky, Alberto Magnelli, Piet Mondrian, Antoine Pevsner and van Doesburg. In the following year a series of annual exhibitions began in the Salon des Réalités Nouvelles, which included some of these artists and were devoted, according to its articles of association, to “works of art commonly called: concrete art, non-figurative or abstract art".

In 1951 Groupe Espace was founded in France to harmonize painting, sculpture and architecture as a single discipline. This grouped sculptors and architects with old established artists such as Sonia Delaunay and Jean Gorin and the newly emergent Jean Dewasne and Victor Vasarély. Its manifesto was published in L’Architecture d’Aujourd’hui that year and placarded on the streets of Paris, championing the fundamental presence of the plastic arts in all aspects of life for the harmonious development of all human activities. It extended beside into practical politics, having elected as its honorary president the Minister for Reconstruction and Urban Development, Eugène Claudius-Petit.

As time progressed, a distinction began to be made between 'cold abstraction', which was identified with geometric Concrete Art, and 'warm abstraction', which, as it moved towards the various kinds of Lyrical abstraction, reintroduced personality into art. The former eventually fed into international movements building on technological aspects championed by the pioneers of Concrete Art, emerging as optical art, kinetic art and programmatic art. The term Concrete also began to be extended to other disciplines than painting, including sculpture, photography and poetry. Justification for this was theorized in South America in the 1959 Neo-Concrete Manifesto, written by a group of artists in Rio de Janeiro who included Lygia Clark, Hélio Oiticica and Lygia Pape.

International dimension

Museums
Haus Konstruktiv museum of constructive and concrete art in Zurich, Switzerland
Museum für Konkrete Kunst, Ingolstadt, Germany
The Mondriaan House - Museum For Constructive And Concrete Art, Amersfoort, Netherlands

Bibliography
 Concrete Cuba: Cuban Geometric Abstraction from the 1950s, 2016, David Zwirner Books,
 Dempsey, Amy.  Art in the Modern Era: A Guide to Styles, Schools & Movements , NY: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 2002
 Fabre, Gladys & Doris Wintgens Hötte : Van Doesburg & the international avant-garde. Constructing a new world, London, Tate Publishing, 2010.
 Fogelström, Lollo (ed.): Otto G. Carlsund: konstnär, kritiker och utställningsarrangör, Liljevalchs konsthall, 2007.

 Hartmann, Werner. Painting in the Twentieth Century , vol.1, second edition, London 1965
 Museum am Kulturspeicher (ed.): Concrete Art in Europe after 1945 - The Peter C. Ruppert Collection. Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz, 2002.

 Stiles, Kristine, “Geometric Abstraction” in Theories and Documents of Contemporary Art, Univ California 2012, pp.77-80


Respect (Joel Turner song)

"Respect" is the fourth single from Joel Turner and the Modern Day Poets' self-titled debut album. The verses are performed by the Modern Day Poets (MDP), with Turner contributing the chorus, bass and beatbox backing. A piano riff was supplied by Mefi Puni and Bryan Bouro.

The song is essentially a social comment on the lack of respect that exists within the hip-hop community. It also alludes to the gang wars that have claimed the lives of several American rappers, and is a warning and a plea that the Australian hip-hop scene does not follow suit.

On release, the single's video caused a slight controversy, as some people criticized the use of images of murdered rapper Tupac Shakur,But what the critics didn't know, Joel Turner's cousin Chris Heiner A.K.A C4 now known as 3am in the Valley called Video Hits Host at the time (Axle Whitehead) to pull the clip off air as Joel Turner and the Modern Day Poets were unaware that the Tupac and Biggie footage was put together and organised by Mark Holden. Following the phone call to Axle Whitehead 'C4' called Label Manager Mark Holden and made serious threats towards him about the footage used, C4 talked about the clip and quoted

'Who the F*** would use images of Tupac and Biggie,they are Hiphop Legends,people don't see behind the closed curtains of the music industry, the fans and critics just saw that Joel Turner and MDP used Tupac and Biggie images in their clip, so i dont blame people for being critical at the start, but the truth is it was a snake that did it behind our back, he obviously does not know shit about Hiphop C4 laughed' and Quoted 'I would kick my own ass for doing that' why do you think i'm so pissed off, you just dont f*** with that, I hate seeing fake Tupac T-shirts exploited at a local market with his face on it' it's wrong, he didn't realise it would burn our career before it got started,what the f*** was he thinking, i'm done talking about it, all i can say is if your in the music industry be careful who you work with and keep your artist integrity dont let anyone take it away and if they try 'F*** em' stand up and smack em down' End quote.

After the clip was taken down it caused the split between Joel Turner and MDP and Mark Holden's Label Dream Dealers) as MDP felt Mark Holden failed to comply with artist integrity. Axle Whitehead approved of C4's A.K.A (3am in the valley's) orders and Pulled the clip off air immediately. A second clip was released interspersed with footage of Turner and MDP from previous video shoots and the 2005 West Coast Blues and Roots Festival. In addition, ABC video show Rage censored the lyric "When peeps knock on your door / And force you to the floor / Put a gun in your mouth / Blow your brains out all over the wall". Shortly after the video’s release, a second clip for the song emerged in which most of the original content (including Shakur’s likeness) was replaced with colour scenes of the group performing the tune for the camera.

"Respect" was released in Australia on 17 October 2005. It debuted in the top 40 of the ARIA singles chart, peaking at #29 and reaching #2 on the Queensland charts.

Track listing
 "Respect" (Radio Edit)Writers: J. Turner, T. Turner, C. Heiner, M. Puni, B. BouroProducers: Joel Turner, Craig Porteils
 "Respect" (Live Freo's West Coast Blues and Roots Festival)Writers: J. Turner, T. Turner, C. Heiner, M. Puni, B. BouroProducers: Joel Turner, Craig Porteils, B. Bouro
 "Respect" (Video)
 DVD Trailer

Sources


George Carleton (bishop)

George Carleton (1559 – May, 1628) was an English churchman, Bishop of Llandaff (1618–1619). He was a delegate to the  Synod of Dort, in the Netherlands. From 1619 to 1628 he was Bishop of Chichester.

Life
He was the son of Guy Carleton of Carleton Hall in Cumberland, born at Norham in Northumberland, where his father was warder of Norham Castle. His early education was under Bernard Gilpin, the 'Apostle of the North', at the Royal Kepier Grammar School in Houghton-le-Spring, Durham. In 1576 he was sent to St Edmund Hall, Oxford; in 1579 he took his M.A., and in 1580 was elected fellow of Merton College, Oxford. Here he won a reputation as a poet and orator, and a skilful disputant in theology, well read in the Church fathers and schoolmen.

In 1589 he became vicar of Mayfield, Sussex, which he held till 1605, and in 1618 he was made bishop of Llandaff. In the same year he was selected by James I of England, with three others, to represent the church of England at the synod of Dort. Here he protested against the adoption of the thirty-first article of the Belgic Confession, which affirmed 'that the ministers of the Word of God, in what place soever settled, have the same advantage of character, the same jurisdiction and authority, in regard they are all equally ministers of Christ, the only universal Bishop and Head of the Church.' Carleton maintained the doctrine of apostolical succession in opposition to this levelling article; his protest was ineffectual.  When the English deputies returned home in the spring of 1619, the Dutch States, besides paying the expenses of their voyage and presenting each with a gold medal, sent a letter to the king in which commendation is made of Carleton as the foremost man of the company and a model of learning and piety.

He was translated to Chichester in the same year. He died in May 1628. Carleton was the patron of Thomas Vicars, the noted theologian, who married his step-daughter. The bishop's son, Henry Carleton, represented Arundel in the parliament of 1640, and afterwards served in the parliamentary army.

Works
The following is an incomplete list of his works :

Heroici Characteres, Oxon. 1603, 4to.
Consensus Ecclesiae Catholicae contra Tridentinos ... 1613, 8vo.
Carmen panegyricum ad Eliz. Angl. Reg., in vol. iii. of John Nichols's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, p. 180.
Vita Bernardi Gilpini ... apud Anglos Aquilonares celeberrimi, 1628, 4to.
Life of Bernard Gilpin, with the Sermon preached before Edward VI in 1552, London, 1636,8vo.
Epistola ad Jacobum Sextum Brit. Regem''' in the Miscellany of the Abbotsford Club (i. 1 13), Edinburgh, 1837.Tithes examined and proved to be due to the Clergie by a Divine Right, 1606, 4to, second edit. 1611.Jurisdiction Regall, Episcopall, papall, 1610, 4to.Directions to know the True Church, 1615, 8vo.An Oration made at the Hague before the Prince of Orange and the States Generall of the United Provinces, 1619, 4to.A Thankful Remembrance of God's Mercy in an Historicall Collection of the ... Deliverances of the Church and State of England ... from the beginning of Q. Elizabeth, London, 1624, 4to. Several editions.Astrologomania, the Madnesse of Astrologes; or, an Examination of Sir Christopher Heydon's Booke, intituled, A Defence of Judiciarie Astrologie, London, 1624, 4to.
An Examination of those Things wherein the Author of the late "Appeale" holdeth the Doctrine of the Church of the Pelasgians and Arminians to be the Doctrines of the Church of England.', London, 1626, 4to.His Testimony concerning the Presbyterian Discipline in the Low Countries and Episcopall Government here in England'', London, 1642, 8vo.