Chelsea Commercial Historic District

The Chelsea Commercial Historic District is a historic district located along both sides of Main Street from Orchard to North Street in Chelsea, Michigan; the district also includes the adjacent 100 blocks of Jackson, East Middle, and West Middle Streets, as well as structures on Park, East, and Orchard Streets.  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.

History

The land where the village of Chelsea now sits was first settled in the 1830s by brothers Elisha and James Congdon.  In 1848, the Congdons offered the Michigan Central Railroad a plot of land along the rail line on which to build a station.  The railroad accepted, and the first structure built at the site was a freight station, completed in 1850. The Congdons platted the village of Chelsea in the fall of that year, and the first public buildings - a blacksmith shop and a hotel - were built soon after. A series of freight stations was built on the site, and the resulting freight business through the town spurred the growth of Chelsea in the mid-1800s.  Additional schools, churches, and businesses were built in the area around the depot in the 1850s and 1860s.  As the village grew, a thriving commercial district sprang up south of the railroad tracks.  The early buildings were wooden, but after a series of disastrous fires in the 1870s, the current brick structures were built.

Historical district description
The Chelsea Commercial Historic District begins on the north side of Main Street at the Michigan Central Railroad tracks and the Glazier Stoveworks, and continues southward. to include the bulk of the historic downtown area of the village.   The district is primarily commercial in nature, but also includes public and religious buildings and a few private homes.

Significant structures
The Chelsea Commercial Historic District contains 61 contributing structures on or near Main Street. It significantly includes the Longworth Complex, a commercial building housing the Chelsea House Livery Stable, the Daniels Showroom, and the Mack Building.  The district also includes the Glazier Stove Works, the McKune Memorial Library, a structure that formerly served as the post office, the Rockwell Building on East Street, the First United Methodist Church on Park Street, and several other churches.

Glazier Stove Company Warehouse and Clocktower Building

The Glazier Stove Company Warehouse and Clocktower Building is an industrial building located at 310 N. Main Street. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1997.

The Warehouse is a three-story rectangular Jacobethan Revival structure built of dark red brick.  It was constructed using the Kahn System of reinforced concrete building construction.  The prominent clocktower, originally designed as an architectural feature to hold the building's industrial water tower, is one of the most visible landmarks in the city.

The Glazier Stove Company was owned by Frank Porter Glazier, who guided the company to become a large and profitable firm in the construction of stoves.  He hired Ionia, Michigan architect Caire Allen to design this building.  However, the company and Glazier went bankrupt in 1907, in large part due to questionable financial dealings on Glazier's part, for which he was convicted of three counts of embezzlement in 1908.

As of 2013, it was part of the "Chelsea Clocktower" mixed-use redevelopment of retail and office space.

Welfare Building

The Welfare Building is a recreational building located at 130 N. Main Street. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979.

The Welfare Building is a Postmedieval English style building built of brick.   It was originally constructed to hold a swimming pool, a billiard hall, a basketball court, a theater and a reading room.

The Welfare building was constructed in 1906 by Frank P. Glazier as a recreation facility for his workers. He hired Ionia, Michigan architect Caire Allen to design this building.  The company went bankrupt the next year, and the building was sold to the Lewis Spring & Axle Company, manufacturer of the Hollier Eight automobile.  In 1960, the local newspaper, the Chelsea Standard, moved in.

Rockwell Building
The Rockwell Building is a commercial building located at 310 East Street. As of 2013, it was part of the "Chelsea Clocktower" mixed-use redevelopment of retail and office space.

Michigan Central Railroad Chelsea Depot

The Michigan Central Railroad Chelsea Depot is a railroad depot located at 150 Jackson Street.  It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1986 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

It is a single story Stick style Late Victorian design, with multiple gables and gingerbread decoration.  Most of the structure is covered with horizontal clapboard, but the gable ends are covered with vertical board and batten.  A brick patio surrounds the building.  With the exception of some changes to the chimney structure and missing roof crests and finial, the depot's exterior looks exactly like it did when constructed.

The station was built in 1880, when the railroad decided to establish passenger service in Chelsea. The railroad commissioned Detroit architects Mason and Rice to design the new station, and it served as a Michigan Central Railroad passenger station until 1975, when the company went out of business.  Amtrak took over the line and continued service until 1981, when the station was closed.  For the next few years, the station was used for storage. In 1985, a group of Chelsea citizens formed the Chelsea Depot Association and purchased the depot to prevent the deterioration of the structure.  They began restoration efforts in 1986, and the depot was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.  The building has since been used as a rental space for community and private functions, and the Chelsea Depot Association continues to maintain it.

Longworth Complex
The Longworth Complex is a complex of three connected commercial building located at the corner of Main and Jackson Streets.  The complex is composed of three separate buildings: the Chelsea House Livery Stable, the Daniels Showroom, and the Mack Building.

The Chelsea House Livery Stable is a two-story structure located at 110 Jackson Street.  It was built from concrete blocks cast on-site, and contains  of space. It was built in 1905-1906 as a place for travelers on the nearby train line to stable horses.  It was later converted into a shop for the next-door auto dealership, housed in the Mack Building/Daniels Showroom.  The building was vacant for years; in 2008 the Chelsea Downtown Development Authority purchased it and proposed demolition.

The Art Moderne Daniels Showroom was a single-story,  structure located at 118 N. Main Street.  It was built in 1947 as an addition to the Mack Building.  With large glass panes facing the street, it was used as an auto showroom. The building was vacant for years; in 2008 the Chelsea Downtown Development Authority purchased it and proposed its demolition.  It was demolished in October 2012.

The Mack Building is a two-story,  structure located at 102 Jackson Street.  It was built in 1901.  After demolition of the attached Daniels Showroom in 2012, it was planned to restore the facade of the Mack Building to its historic character.

George W. Palmer House

The George W. Palmer House, also known as the Chelsea Private Hospital, is a single-family house located at 138 E. Middle Street. It was  listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

The two-story brick-clad structure is an exceptional example of a brick Queen Anne single-family home.  The L-shaped house is topped with a hip roof with cross gables and a large gabled hood over the front facade.  The brickwork contains areas of offset and soldiered bricks, as well as stone window detailing and quoins, making interesting variation in color and texture.

The house was constructed in 1888 for physician George W. Palmer. In 1905, Daniel Charles McLaren, a prominent local businessman and village president, bought the house.  In 1936, a small private hospital, known as Chelsea Private Hospital, moved into the building.  After the hospital closed in 1942, the house served as a rooming house for women working in local defense industries.  It then operated for years as an apartment house with a first-floor chiropractic clinic.  It was purchased in 1991 by John L. and Jacquelyn Frank, who restored the structure as a single-family home.

First Congregational Church of Chelsea

The First Congregational Church is a church building located at 121 Middle Street. It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1995.

It is a well-preserved example of a Romanesque/Italian structure designed by Sidney J. Osgood.  It is a red brick structure trimmed with stone, sitting on a fieldstone foundation.  It has a gable-roof auditorium with attached hip roof fellow ship hall ad office sections.

The First Congregational Church of Chelsea was first organized in 1849.  The congregation constructed a church on this site in 1849, which was used until 1894 when it was destroyed by fire.  The present structure, designed by Grand Rapids architect Sidney J. Osgood, was constructed to replace it.  The building was dedicated in 1895.

George P. Glazier Memorial Building

The George P. Glazier Memorial Building is a commercial building located at 122 S. Main Street.  It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1986.

The Glazier Memorial Building is a two-story trapezoidal French Renaissance structure, built from rockfaced fieldstone trimmed with limestone. It has a truncated hip roof covered with red terra cotta tile. Large piers with Ionic capitals line the principal facade, and a small portico supported with matching Ionic columns covers the main entrance.  The facade is capped with an entablature containing large modillions and a cornice above.

The Glazier Memorial Building was constructed in 1901-1902 by Frank P. Glazier to honor his father, George P. Glazier; the original construction cost was $60,000. Glazier hired Ionia, Michigan architect Caire Allen to design the building.  The building originally housed the Chelsea Savings Bank, founded by George P. Glazier and later led by his son Frank. As of 2013, it houses an office of the 14th district court.

Post office
The former post office building is located at the corner of Main and South Streets.  The post office opened in the late 1930s.  It moved to a new location later, and as of 2012 a restaurant was planned for the building.

First United Methodist Church
The First United Methodist Church is a religious building located at 128 Park Street. It is a stone structure.

The Methodist congregation in Chelsea was established in 1853, and by 1859, a wooden church had been built at the site of the current structure.  The wooden church was used until 1899, when it burned.  The current church was built in 13 months at a cost of $6000, and dedicated in February 1900.  The congregation grew through the next century, and wings were added to the building in 1963 and 1996.  The building continues to be used by the church.

McKune Memorial Library

The McKune Memorial Library, also known as the McKune House, is a public building located at 221 Shouth Main Street.

Elisha Congdon was one of Chelsea's first residents, arriving in 1832.  He built a log house on this spot at that time; the log house burned down in 1849, and Congdon replaced it with a frame structure.  In 1860, he moved the frame house and built this brick structure in its place.  Congdon lived in the house until he died in 1867.  In 1870, businessman Timothy McKune purchased the house and converted it into a hotel called the "McKune House Hotel."  McKune's son Edward took over the property in 1909, but as the 20th century progressed, the hotel saw less business, and turned into more of a rooming house.

In the 1940s, the Friends of the Chelsea Library was organized, and they began looking for a suitable home for the library.  They approached Edward McKune's widow, Katherine Staffan McKune; in 1956 she offered to give the McKune house to the library upon her death.  That occurred two years later, in 1958.  The Friends of the Chelsea Library did extensive renovation work, and in 1959 the library opened.  A wing was added in 1961.  The front porch was reconstructed to replicate the original porch in 1995. In 2004, the original building was again renovated, and another wing was constructed.


Dil Deke Dekho

Dil Deke Dekho is a 1959 Indian Hindi romantic comedy film. It was Nasir Hussain's second film as director. His first directorial venture was Tumsa Nahin Dekha (1957), which became a big hit and which gave star Shammi Kapoor a new image as a comedic, dancing hero. Hussain and Kapoor reteamed with this film. also in this,  Asha Parekh, a former child actress, made her film debut as a heroine. This is also music composer Usha Khanna's first film.

The film became a hit at the box office. Hussain, Kapoor, and Parekh would re-team again for Teesri Manzil (1966), which also became a big hit. Hussain would also cast Parekh as his leading lady in five other films. Shammi Kapoor had said that he had initially wanted Waheeda Rehman to play his leading lady in the film, but the producer had already signed Asha Parekh, and he encouraged her during filming. The film was released on Asha's 17th birthday.

Plot
Neeta is an heiress, the only daughter of U.K. based Industrialist Jagat Narayan. She is of marriageable age and is being wooed by Kailash, Chandra, and Raja. She prefers Chandra over Kailash and Raja, but subsequently changes her mind and falls in love with Raja. Things take a dramatic turn when Jagat and Neeta find out that Raja is not who is claims he is. When Raja defends himself and calls himself Roop, his very own mother denies this claim and instead states that Chandra is Roop, her only son. Raja, alias Roop must now make attempts to prove himself and realizes that this is indeed an uphill task.

Cast
Shammi Kapoor: Raja/Roop
Asha Parekh: Neeta Narayan
Sulochana Latkar: Jamuna (as Sulochna)
Raj Mehra: Jagat Narayan
Rajendra Nath: Kailash
Surendra: Harichand
Kewal Kapoor: (as Keval Kapoor)
B.K. Mukherjee:(as B.K. Mukerji)

Soundtrack
The Soundtrack of the movie was composed by Usha Khanna, with the lyrics written by Majrooh Sultanpuri. Almost all her songs are memorable. Some music lovers feel they had  an OP Nayyar-esque tinge to them.


Stade Malherbe Caen

Stade Malherbe Caen (; commonly referred to as SM Caen or SMC) is a French professional football team, playing in the city of Caen in Normandy. The club was founded on 17 November 1913 by the merger of Club Malherbe Caennais and Club Sportif Caennais. The team takes its name from François de Malherbe, a 17th century poet from Caen.

For most of its history, SM Caen has been one of the main amateur clubs in France. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw the rise of Stade Malherbe in the French football hierarchy. In 1985, Stade Malherbe adopted professional status. Three seasons later, it was promoted for the first time to first division. In 1992, a few months after being narrowly saved from bankruptcy, the club finished fifth in Division 1 and qualified for UEFA Cup. But it was relegated three years later. Despite a second division title won in 1996, SM Caen fell back into the anonymity of the second division.

Under the chairmanship of Jean-François Fortin, from 2002, and under the sporting direction of Patrick Rémy, Franck Dumas and then Patrice Garande, the Stade Malherbe has regained sporting success. The club was promoted in Ligue 1 several times, reached the Coupe de la Ligue final in 2005 and finished 7th in Ligue 1 in 2016. In 2018, as the club began its 5th consecutive season in Ligue 1, a conflict erupted within the management team: Jean-François Fortin left his place to Gilles Sergent, while Patrice Garande was replaced by Fabien Mercadal. Caen was relegated to Ligue 2 in 2019, after finishing 19th in the previous Ligue 1 season.

SM Caen has been playing since 1993 at the Stade Michel d'Ornano. Before and since its foundation, the club played at Stade de Venoix, which is now used by the reserve team. It has essentially geographical rivalries with Le Havre AC (sometimes called "Le derby normand") and Stade Rennais, its closest neighbour in Ligue 1.

History

Genesis (Before 1913)
Many football clubs were constituted in Caen at the end of the 19th century : the Union sportive des étudiants de Caen, founded in 1892, the Union Athlétique du Lycée Malherbe (UALM), founded in 1892 or 1895 and the Club Sportif Caennais, founded in November 1899. These clubs participated in the early editions of the football championship organised by the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques.

In 1907, former members of UALM created the Club Malherbe Caennais, soon the best club in Lower Normandy. In 1909 and 1911, several friendlies matches were organised between a selection of players from Caen and the English club of St Albans City F.C..

First years and first professional adventure (1913–1947)

The Stade Malherbe Caennais was officially founded on 17 November 1913 from the merger of Club Sportif Caennais and Club Malherbe Caennais. It was a multi-sport athletic club, which adopted the "Malherbe" and the striped jersey of the CMC, and the red and blue colours of CSC. The club had its own facilities – the Stade de Venoix – inherited from the CMC.

The football team of CMC, engaged in the league in Lower Normandy, changed its name just after the start of the season. By winning this competition, Stade Malherbe recorded their first title in its first year of existence. Having qualified for the finals of the 1914 USFSA Football Championship, Caen was eliminated in the 1/8 final by the Union sportive Servannaise : after a draw in the first game (3–3) it had to forfeit the second. World War I stopped the competitions. Thirty-nine members of the club were killed in the fighting, including former captain Eugène Lesomptier.

In 1919, the USFSA championship was replaced by regional championships organised by the French Football Federation, called Division d'Honneur. Stade Malherbe, reinforced by the move to Caen of the former French international Eugène Maës, won six times the championship of Lower Normandy between 1920 and 1928, but were unable to compete with the major Upper Normandy clubs, Le Havre AC and FC Rouen. Since 1919–20, Caen also participated in the Coupe de France but fell in round of 32 in 1921 and 1922. In 1929, the two Division d'Honneur leagues of Normandy were merged and Stade Malherbe was promoted the year after. Its best final standing was 5th in 1933.

In 1934, one year after FC Rouen and Le Havre AC, Stade Malherbe acquired professional status and reached the French Division 2. The club finished 11th out of 16 for the first season, then 6th in 1936 and 8th in 1937. But its financial situation deteriorated and Stade Malherbe left D2 in 1938, after four professional seasons.

The club then returned to Division d'Honneur of Normandy. It won the last edition before World War II in 1938–39, and the first two after WW2 in 1946 and 1947.

An important amateur club (1948–1985)
In 1948, Stade Malherbe joined the newly founded , the third level of French football. Soon considered as a "lord" in CFA, Caen was unable to win the championship, unlike their regional rival US Quevilly, despite successive calls to former French international players as coaches: Jules Vandooren, Jean Prouff, Andre Grillon, Jean Vincent and Oliver Celestin.

Stade Malherbe made itself known essentially by repeated feats in Coupe de France in the 1950s : French champion Stade de Reims (2–1) and top teams Racing Club de France (3–2) and RC Lens were defeated in January 1953, 1956 and 1961. In 1958, Caen pushed FC Nantes to play five games to decide: the first three games resulting in 0–0 draws, the fourth was stopped, the fifth saw Nantes win 1–0. Through its success Caen won the "Challenge France-Football" rewarding the best amateur team in Coupe de France in 1956 and 1961. Undermined by the instability of its coaches and presidents and a precarious financial health, Stade Malherbe weakened gradually and was relegated twice (in 1962 and 1965) into Division d'Honneur, but regained its place in CFA.

In 1970, the CFA was removed and the Division 2 was enlarged to 48 teams. During the 1970s, Caen evolved between D3 and D2, where it failed to stabilise. Jacques Mouilleron became coach in 1973. In 1975, the club won its first national title: the West group of Division 3. Stade Malherbe was named best amateur club by France-Football and Jean-Paul Bouffandeau and Jean-Paul Pottier were named French amateur players of the year in 1975 and 1976. 3 years later, Caen fell back to D3.

Pierre Mankowski was hired as player-coach in 1983. He led Stade Malherbe from D3 to the top of D2 in a few seasons, and pushed it to adopt professional status in 1985.

From D2 to the European Cup (1985–1993)

SM Caen has been a professional football club since 1985. The stated objective of Mankowski was to bring Caen into the first division. He helped the team improve, first in defence then in attack. Caen finished sixth in D2 in 1986 and second in 1987, with notable scorers Philippe Prieur and Éric Pécout. Caen made the stade de Venoix an unbeatable place but bowed out in front of AS Cannes in the playoffs. Caen succeeded in the playoffs following season, defeating Olympique Lyonnais and Chamois Niortais F.C., relegated from D1.

In 1988 Stade Malherbe made Division 1. Despite many departures, including coach Mankowski (replaced by Robert Nouzaret) and six first losses, Caen stayed up, one point ahead of RC Strasbourg, with the advent of a promising striker Fabrice Divert. Stade Malherbe confirmed, not without difficulties, its performance the following season.

With a new coach, Daniel Jeandupeux, the team was largely restructured. In 1990–91, Caen took its place in the first half of Division 1, thanks to the excellent results obtained in Venoix. However, the press revealed in late 1991 that the club was close to bankruptcy. Regional businesses and local government bailed out the club, which led to a brilliant 1991–92 season. Stade Malherbe finished fifth and qualified for the first (and so far only) time for the UEFA Cup. Stéphane Paille scored 15 goals during the season. For the first round of the 1992–93 UEFA Cup, Caen had to face up to Real Zaragoza. Caen won 3–2 in the 1st leg but lost 2–0 in Spain. Despite the goals of Xavier Gravelaine, SM Caen finished the season in a relatively disappointing eleventh rank.

Between First and Second Division (since 1993)

In the 2003–04 season, Caen finished 2nd in Ligue 2, gaining promotion to Ligue 1. They were relegated on the last day of the 2004–05 Ligue 1 season, finishing in 18th place despite some positive results, including a surprise 3–2 away win at Marseille. But the main highlight of their season was making it into the final of the Coupe de la Ligue for the first time in their history. Their chance at a major trophy eluded them however, as they lost 2–1 to Strasbourg in the final.

On 25 May 2007, SM Caen obtained promotion to Ligue 1 after a victory in last game at Libourne (1–2). In the 2008–09 season, the team was once again relegated to Ligue 2 after losing 1–0 at home to Bordeaux, but won championship next season and thus came back to Ligue 1.

In the 2010–11 season, Caen got off to a highly impressive start by defeating defending champions Marseille 2–1 away on the first day of the season, then following it up with a 3–2 home win over the previous season's Champions League semi-finalists Lyon.

In the 2013–14 season, Caen were in Ligue 2, but won promotion to Ligue 1 for the 2014–15 season. As part of their promotion battle, they drew a crucial match with Nîmes in May 2014. This 1–1 result was also very favourable to Nîmes who were battling to avoid relegation. This result raised suspicions, and in November 2014, Caen chairman Fortin was arrested, amongst several others, on suspicion of match fixing. Finally, he was cleared in March 2015.. For the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons, Caen avoided relegation to Ligue 2 on both occasions by securing a draw on the final day of the season against Paris Saint-Germain.

In the 2018–19 season, Caen were relegated on the final day of the campaign after losing to Bordeaux 1–0. Caen needed to win the match and hope that results elsewhere would go in their favour. The relegation ended Caen's five-year stay in the top division.

Honours

* denotes promotion without winning the championship.

Club crest and colours

Club Malherbe Caennais wore a black and white vertical stripes jersey, while Club Sportif Caennais used blue and red horizontal stripes. Following the merger of two clubs in 1913, the officials decided to mix colours and symbols by adopting the CMC vertical stripes and CSC colours.

Stade Malherbe used for almost fifty years the same diamond shaped logo, designed for the first professional period in 1934.

In 1989, a new logo was designed, with a longship floating on the waves, a nod to the Viking origin of Normandy, and three arrows of the city of Caen. It was used in various versions for eighteen seasons, including within a shield in the 2006–07 season. In 2007, officials present a new logo.
The new logo reflects the identity of the club, closely linked to the Norman period of William the Conqueror: the flag of Normandy, which is actually the historical Norman flag of the Two Lions, can be often seen in the Kop Normandy.
In 2013, the official anthem of SM Caen "Normands, fiers et conquérants!" was made with a marked reference to the Norman identity:

"Représenter la Normandie est un honneur
Derrière nos léopards nous chanterons en cœur!
Décrire cette belle région
Doit se faire à l'unisson
Nous sommes Normands, fiers et conquérant!
Portons les couleurs du Stade Malherbe de Caen,
et c'est à d'Ornano que nous allons chantant
Nous sommes de la même famille,
Tous unis à domicile,
Nous sommes Normands fiers et conquérants!"

English:
"Represent Normandy is an honour,
We are gonna support our leopards with our chants,
Describe this beautiful region
must unite us together
We are Normans, proud and conquerors!
We wear the colours of SM Caen
And we go singing to d'Ornano
We are from the same family,
All united in a home,
We are Normans, proud and conquerors!"

Stadiums

Stade de Venoix was the club's home from 1913, although the first stand was built only in 1925, until 1993. Venoix could hold over 15,000 spectators at its peak, and now has a capacity of 5,000.

In 1993 a new 21,500-capacity stadium was built, named Stade Michel d'Ornano. The new stadium is around 500 meters away from the Stade de Venoix.

Players

Current squad
As of 15 February 2020.

Out on loan

Reserve squad

Notable former players
Kennet Andersson
Youssef El-Arabi
William Gallas
Raphaël Guerreiro
Ngolo Kanté
Thomas Lemar
Aleksandr Mostovoï
Graham Rix
Jérôme Rothen
Emiliano Sala

For all SM Caen players with a Wikipedia article, see :Category:Stade Malherbe Caen players.

Coaching history


Mocis annetta

Mocis annetta is a species of moth of the family Erebidae. It is found in Russia (south-eastern Siberia, Amur, Ussuri, Primorje), China (Shaanxi), Korea, Taiwan and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu).

The wingspan is .


Tolga Güleç

Tolga Güleç (born 20 September 1981) is a Turkish actor. He started studying Business Administration at the Çukurova University. However, he decided to pursue a different path in fine arts and left Çukurova University to study and graduate from Dokuz Eylül University's Faculty of Fine Arts Theater Department, Acting Department.

Filmography
 2019: Leke (Mehmet Tuna)
 2019: Yüzleşme (Tunç)
 2017: Fazilet Hanım ve Kızları (Gökhan Egemen)
 2016: Poyraz Karayel (Neşet Topal)
 2015: Son Çıkış (Cesur)
 2014: Hayat Ağacı (Kenan)
 2013–2014: Adını Kalbime Yazdım (Halil)
 2010: Öyle Bir Geçer Zaman Ki
 2009: Cin Geçidi (Cinema)
 2008: Gece Gündüz (TV series) (9th episode)
 2008: Hatırla Sevgili (TV series)
 2006–2007: Kırık Kanatlar (TV series)
 2005–2006: Misi (TV series)
 2003–2004: Portakal Suyu (short film)
 2003–2004: Maça Beşli Müzik Grubu 40.Yıl Kutlamaları (music video)

Theater
 2009: Chamaco (Abel Gonzalez Melo)
 2009: Roberto Zucco (Bernard Marie Koltes)
 2008: Küçük Adam Ne Oldu Sana (Hans Fallada)
 2006–2007: İnsandan Kaçan (Molière)
 2005–2006: Yer Demir Gök Bakır (Yaşar Kemal)
 2005–2006: Zifir ve Şevder
 2004–2005: Yaşama Dokunamayanlar Çadırı
 2004–2005: Cadı Kazanı (Arthur Miller)
 2003–2004: Richard III (W. Shakespeare)
 2003–2004: Oyunun Oyunu (Michael Frayn)
 2002–2003: Toros Canavarı (İzmir state theater)
 2001–2002: Öykülerin Azizliği (İzmir state theater)


Xia Jia

Wang Yao (), born June  4 1984, known by the pen name Xia Jia (), is a Chinese science-fiction and fantasy writer.  After receiving her Ph.D. in comparative literature and world literature at Department of Chinese, Peking University in 2014, she is currently a lecturer of Chinese literature at Xi'an Jiaotong University.

Xia Jia's short fiction works have won five Galaxy Awards for Chinese Science Fiction, six Nebula Awards for Science Fiction and Fantasy in Chinese. One of her short stories received honorable mention for 2013 Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards. Her stories have been published in Nature, Clarkesworld, Year's Best SF, SF Magazine as well as influential Chinese Sci-Fi magazine Science Fiction World. Besides those written in Chinese and English, her works have been translated into Czech, Italian, Japanese and Polish.

Biography and notable works
Xia Jia entered School of Physics, Peking University in 2002. As an undergraduate, Xia Jia majored in Atmospheric Sciences. She then entered the Film Studies Program at the Communication University of China, where she completed her Master’s thesis: "A Study on Female Figures in Science Fiction Films". Recently, she obtained a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature and World Literature at Peking University, with "Chinese Science Fiction and Its Cultural Politics Since 1990" as the topic of her dissertation. She now teaches at School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University.

During her collegiate life she began to write science fiction works and took part in student clubs for science fiction and fantasy fans. Her short stories have attracted critical acclaim from the outset, beginning with her early Chinese Galaxy Award recipient "Guan Yaojing de Pingzi" 关妖精的瓶子 (April 2004 Science Fiction World trans Linda Rui Feng as "The Demon-Enslaving Flask" November 2012 Renditions). A work of Fabulation, in which the Scientist James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) is offered a Faustian challenge by a literal demon, its selection was attended by a spat among critics as to whether it could be called sf at all. The story is mired so deeply in anecdotes from the history of science, and literal interpretations of famous Thought Experiments, that it requires copious footnotes to explain its own jokes (Infodump). This, however, seems very much in keeping with the classical, didactic tradition in Chinese sf, creating a story whose fantasy elements are mere vectors to convey information about the life and work of icon figures such as Archimedes, Einstein, Schrödinger and Maxwell himself.

Later work mirrored her personal academic journey from hard science into the creative arts. Her first longer work was the fixup "Jiuzhou Nilü" 九州•逆旅 ["On the Road: Odyssey of China Fantasy"] (coll of linked stories 2009), part of the Jiuzhou shared-universe fantasy series. "Bai Gui Ye Xing Jie" 百鬼夜行街 (August 2010  Science Fiction World trans Ken Liu as "A Hundred Ghosts Parade Tonight" February 2012 Clarkesworld) is far subtler and more mature, a child's eye view of life inside what first appears to be a haunted Keep redolent of Chinese ghost stories, but is gradually revealed as a run-down Far Future theme park populated with Cyborg simulacra. It was nominated for the Short Form Award of 2013 Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards announced at Liburnicon 2013, held in Opatija, Croatia, over August 23–25, 2013, and received honorable mention at the ceremony.

On June 4, 2015 (online on the previous date) Xia Jia's short story "Let's have a talk" (Mandarin: "Rang Women Shuoshuohua" 让我们说说话) was published on Nature, 522, 122. One of the earliest Chinese fiction writers who published on Nature, Xia Jia has received international reputation among Sci-Fi fans worldwide.

Research and film experiment
A well-educated professional scholar, Xia Jia conducts literary research on Chinese science fiction. During her postgraduate programs, her academic advisor was the famous female cultural critic, Dai Jinhua 戴锦华, Professor in the Institute of Comparative Literature and Culture, Peking University. Following Professor Dai, Xia Jia does not only compose literary works and critiques, but also study Sci-Fi films and once directed and staged an experimental Sci-Fi film "Parapax" (2007), in which the protagonist (acted herself) appeared as three identities in their respective parallel universes.

One of Xia Jia's research treatises, "Chinese science fiction in Post-Three-Body era", originally published on People's Daily, April 7, 2015, received Silver Award for Best Review Articles at 6th Nebula Awards for Science Fiction and Fantasy in Chinese, October 18, 2015.

While teaching at Xi'an Jiaotong University, one of the C9 League Chinese top research universities, Xia Jia presided lectures about Chinese science fiction and acts as the advisor for Xi'an Alliance of University Science Fiction Fans.

Bibliography

Novel
 "Jiuzhou Nilü" 九州•逆旅 On the Road: Odyssey of China Fantasy, Wanjuan Publishing Company, August 2009.

Short stories

2004
 "Guan Yaojing de Pingzi" 关妖精的瓶子 The Demon-Enslaving Flask, Science Fiction World, April 2004. Best New Writer Award at 16th Galaxy Award for Chinese Science Fiction, 2004. Trans. into English by Linda Rui Feng in Renditions, 77 & 78, Spring/Autumn 2012.

2005
 "Yeying" 夜莺 Nightingale, Science Fiction Pictorial: Literature Show 科幻画报：文学秀, June 2005.
 "Carmen" 卡门, Science Fiction World, August 2005. Readers' Nomination Award at 17th Galaxy Award for Chinese Science Fiction, 2005. Trans. into Japanese by Hisayuki Hayashi 林 久之 as カルメン "Karumen" in S-Fマガジン (S-F Magazine) 614, June 2007, Special Volume II for Unique Writers 異色作家特集II.

2006
 "Jiuzhou Yuji" 九州•雨季 Raining Season, Dinosaurs: Jiuzhou Fantasies 恐龙：九州幻想, September 2006.

2007
 "Jiuzhou Meng Yao" 九州•梦垚 Dreaming of Yao, Jiuzhou Fantasies 九州幻想, January 2007.
 "Bingdilian" 并蒂莲 Twin Lotus Flowers, Hongdou: Fantasies 1+1 红豆•幻想1+1, February 2007.
 "Hei Mao" 黑猫 Black Cat, World SF Expo 世界科幻博览, February 2007.
 "One Day", Science Fiction World, March 2007.
 "Qiezi Xiaojie" 茄子小姐 Miss Eggplant, Hongdou: Fantasies 1+1, June 2007.
 "Yujian Anna" 遇见安娜 Encountering with Anna, Science Fiction World, July 2007.

2008
 "Yeying (Expanded)" 夜莺(扩展版) Nightingale (Expanded), Fly - Fantasy World 飞•奇幻世界, July 2008.
 "Yong Xia zhi Meng" 永夏之梦 A Dream of Ever Summer, Science Fiction World, September 2008. Honorable Mention at 20th Galaxy Award for Chinese Science Fiction, 2008.
 "Miluo Jiang shang" 汨罗江上 On the Miluo River, Science Fiction World, October 2008.

2009
 "Daosheng Bai Yutang" 盗圣白玉汤 Sage of Thieves: Bai Yutang, Science Fiction World, Supplementary issue, 2009.
 "Duzi Lüxing" 独自旅行 Travel alone, New Realms of Fantasy and Science Fiction 新幻界, August 2009.
 "Wode Mingzi Jiao Sun Shangxiang" 我的名字叫孙尚香 My Name is Sun Shangxiang, Fly - Fantasy World, September 2009.
 “Qingcheng yixiao" 倾城一笑 A City-collapsing Smile, Jiuzhou Fantasies: Ninefold Loom 九州幻想•九张机, New World Publishing House, September 2009.
 "Jiuzhou Shiri Jin" 九州•十日锦 Ten-day Brocade, Jiuzhou Fantasies: Ten-day Brocade 九州幻想•十日锦, New World Publishing House, October 2009.

2010
 "Bai Gui Ye Xing Jie" 百鬼夜行街 A Hundred Ghosts Parade Tonight, Science Fiction World, August 2010. Honorable Mention at 22nd Galaxy Award for Chinese Science Fiction, 2010; Silver Award at 2nd Nebula Awards for Science Fiction and Fantasy in Chinese, 2010. Trans. into English by Ken Liu in Clarkesworld, February 2012, reprinted inYear’s Best Science Fiction and Fantasy, 2013 Edition, edited by Rich Horton, reprinted in The Apex Book of World SF: Volume 3, edited by Lavie Tidhar. Honorable Mention at the 2013 Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards, Short Form. Trans. into Polish by Piotr Kosiński as Nocna Parada Duchów in Nowa Fantastyka 361, October 2012. Trans. into Italian by Gabriella Goria as Stanotte sfilano cento fantasmi in Festa di Primavera (Future Fiction vol. 22), Mincione Edizioni, May 2015.

2011
 "Re Dao" 热岛 Heat Island, Science Fiction World, May 2011. Trans. into English by Ken Liu in Pathlight - New Chinese Writing, Foreign Languages Press, Spring 2015.
 "Tongyan Wuji Buke Yanchuan" 童言无忌•不可言传 Children Say What They Like: Unspeakable, Jiuzhou Fantasies: Dance of Fire 九州幻想•火之舞, New World Publishing House, November 2011.
 "Tongyan Wuji Yiyanweiding" 童言无忌•一言为定 Children Say What They Like: Promise, Jiuzhou Fantasies: Haze at Night 九州幻想•夜之岚, New World Publishing House, December 2011.
 "Shasi Yige Kehuan Zuojia" 杀死一个科幻作家 To Kill a Science-Fiction Writer, Science Fiction World, December 2011.  Readers' Nomination Award at 23rd Galaxy Award for Chinese Science Fiction, 2011; Silver Award at 3rd Nebula Awards for Science Fiction and Fantasy in Chinese, 2011.

2012
 "Tongyan Wuji Yaoyan Huozhong" 童言无忌•妖言惑众 Children Say What They Like: Misleading Spells, Jiuzhou Fantasies: Ironclad Still 九州幻想•铁甲依然, New World Publishing House, January 2012.
 "Tongyan Wuji Yanchuan Shenjiao" 童言无忌•言传身教 Children Say What They Like: Walk by Talk, Jiuzhou Fantasies: Dust in the Journey 九州幻想•衣上征尘, New World Publishing House, February 2012.
 "Ni Wufa Dida de Shijian" 你无法抵达的时间 Inaccessible Time
 "Duanceng -- Yige Dongye de Kehuan Gushi" 断层——一个冬夜的科幻故事 The Fault—A Science Fiction Story in a Winter Night
 "Liuyue Wuyu" 六月物语 A Monogatari in June
 "Yongyuan de Baise Qingrenjie" 永远的白色情人节 White Valentine Forever
 "Tianshang" 天上 On the Heaven
 "Yongganzhe Youxi" 勇敢者游戏 Game of the Brave
 "Maka" 马卡 Maca—All seven items above in Xia Jia's anthology "Guan Yaojing de Pingzi" 关妖精的瓶子 The Demon-Enslaving Flask, Sichuan Science and Technology Press, October 2010, also included previous short stories published in SF magazines.

2013
 "2044 Chunjie Jiushi" 2044春节旧事 Spring Festival: Happiness, Anger, Love, Sorrow, Science Fiction World, June 2013. Silver Award at 4th Nebula Awards for Science Fiction and Fantasy in Chinese, 2013. Trans. into English by Ken Liu in Clarkesworld, September 2014. Trans. into Italian by Gabriella Goria as Festa di primavera in Festa di Primavera (Future Fiction vol. 22), Mincione Edizioni, May 2015.

2014
 "Tongtong de Xiatian" 童童的夏天 Tongtong's Summer, Zui Xiaoshuo 最小说, March 2014. Trans. into English by Ken Liu in Upgraded, ed. Neil Clarke, Wyrm Publishing, 2014. Trans. into Polish by Kamil Lesiew as Lato Tongtong in Nowa Fantastyka 388, January 2015. Trans. into Italian by Gabriella Goria as L'estate di Tongtong in Festa di Primavera (Future Fiction vol. 22), Mincione Edizioni, May 2015. Trans. into Czech by Daniela Orlando as Tchung-tchungino léto in XB-1: Měsíčník sci-fi, fantasy a hororu, November 2015.
 "Ni Xuyao de Zhi Shi Ai" 你需要的只是爱 What You Need is Simply Love, Guangming Daily 光明日报, August 15, 2014, page 14.

2015
 "Longma Yexing" 龙马夜行 Night Walk of the Dragon-horse, Fiction World 小说界, February 2015.
 "Zhongguo Baikequanshu: Heiwu" 中国百科全书（1）黑屋 Encyclopedia Sinica I: Dark Room, Science Fiction World, April 2015 (An expansion of "Let's Have a Talk" in Mandarin), Silver Award at 6th Nebula Awards for Science Fiction and Fantasy in Chinese, 2015.
 "Zhongguo Baikequanshu: She Jiang" 中国百科全书（2）涉江 Encyclopedia Sinica II: Cross the River, Science Fiction World, May 2015.
 "Zhongguo Baikequanshu: Wan'an Youyu" 中国百科全书（3）晚安忧郁 Encyclopedia Sinica III: Goodnight Melancholy, Science Fiction World, June 2015.
 "Let's Have a Talk", Nature 522, 122, June 4, 2015. doi:10.1038/522122a (Originally written in English)
 "Handong Yexing Ren" 寒冬夜行人 If on a Winter's Night a Traveler, Guangming Daily, June 5, 2015, page 14. Trans. by Ken Liu in Clarkesworld, November 2015.
 "Zhongguo Baikequanshu: Babie Luan" 中国百科全书（4）巴别乱 Encyclopedia Sinica IV: Babel Babble, Science Fiction World, August 2015.
 "Tick-Tock" 滴答 (English-Mandarin bilingual short story), Winner of SFComet 13th short story competition, August 2015.
 "Zhongguo Baikequanshu: Deng Yun Lai" 中国百科全书（5）等云来 Encyclopedia Sinica V: Waiting for Clouds, Science Fiction World, September 2015.
 "Xinli Youxi" 心理游戏 Mind Games, Knowledge is Power 知识就是力量, September 2015.
 "Xiri Guang" 昔日光 Yesterday's Brilliance, Guangming Daily, October 30, 2015, page 14.


Yalçın Topçu

Yalçın Topçu (born 1957) is a Turkish politician and former bureaucrat who served as the Minister of Culture and Tourism in the interim election government formed by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu from 28 August to 17 November 2015. He was formerly the leader of the Great Union Party between 2009 and 2011, resigning after being defeated in the 2011 general election.

Life and early career
Yalçın Topçu was born in 1957 in Ardahan in eastern Turkey.

Bureaucratic career
Topçu was a public sector worker before becoming a founding member of the Great Union Party in 1992. In 1996, he returned to his position in the civil service and worked in the Press and Public Relations Undersecretariat to the Prime Ministry of Turkey for 11 years. In 2007, he retired from the civil service while serving as an assistant manager for business.

Political career
While serving as the district President of the Nationalist Labour Party (MÇP) branch in Mamak, Ankara, Topçu joined 6 MÇP Members of Parliament and resigned from the party on 7 July 2007. He subsequently became a founding member of the Great Union Party (BBP). He later returned to his career in the civil service in 1996. In 2007, he was invited by BBP leader Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu to become the General Secretary of the party, a position to which he was elected in the BBP's 3rd congress in 2007.

After the death of Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu in 2009, Topçu was elected leader of the BBP in the party's 4th congress. He resigned after a defeat in the 2011 general election. In a statement he released on his party's website, Topçu stated that he bore the blame for the party's failure and that there is no word to be said after the people of a democracy had spoken. On 3 February 2014, he resigned from the BBP altogether.

Minister of Culture and Tourism
After the June 2015 general election resulted in a hung parliament, unsuccessful coalition negotiations raised speculation over whether President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan would call an early election in the event that AKP leader Ahmet Davutoğlu was unable to form a government within the given constitutional time of 45 days. As required by the 114th article of the Constitution of Turkey, the calling of a snap general election by the President necessitates the forming of an interim election government, in which all parties represented in Parliament are given a certain number of ministers according to how many MPs they have. If a party refused to send ministers to the interim cabinet, then independents must take their place. As an independent politician, Topçu was appointed as the Minister of Culture and Tourism by Davutoğlu on 28 August 2015, a move which came as a general surprise to many political observers and commentators.


Natalia Brasova

Natalia Brasova, Countess Brasova (; born Natalia Sergeyevna Sheremetyevskaya, ; 27 June 1880 – 26 January 1952) was a Russian noblewoman who married, as her third husband, Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia.

Early life
Natalia, or Natasha to her friends, was the youngest of three daughters of a Moscow lawyer, Sergei Alexandrovich Sheremetevsky. She was born at a rented summer dacha at Perovo, on the outskirts of Moscow. Sheremetevsky employed 11 other lawyers, and was a member of the minor nobility, but had no title and was essentially a professional middle-class man. He was a sometime deputy in the Moscow City Duma, and a trustee of the Arbat City School. In the first year of her life, Natalia and her family lived in a rented apartment near the Moscow Kremlin on Ilinka. Their landlord, wealthy industrialist Aleksey Khludov, was also Natalia's godfather. From 1881 to 1893, the family lived at 7 Serebriany Lane, a single-storied wooden house owned by Sheremetevsky. From 1893, the family lived in a succession of rented apartments until Natalia left home on her marriage. She was educated at a private school, and by a French governess employed by her father.

First marriage
In 1902, she married Sergei Mamontov (1 October 1877, Moscow – 30 December 1939, Tallinn), a nephew of Savva Mamontov. Sergei was a rehearsal accompanist for Savva Mamontov's Opera Company, which was renamed Association of Russian Opera after Savva's bankruptcy in 1899, and later at the Bolshoi Theatre. Through her first husband's connections, Natalia became friendly with noted musicians such as Sergei Rachmaninoff and Feodor Chaliapin. The couple moved into 13 Mansurovsky Lane, a new apartment building near the fashionable Prechistenka street, and had a daughter, Natalia or "Tata" to the family, on 2 June 1903. Sergei had a stammer and was of a retiring disposition, but Natalia was keen to socialise. Finding him socially dull, she began to go out unaccompanied by her husband. Russian divorce law followed the teachings of the Orthodox Church, and in practice divorce was only possible in cases of adultery where the husband was the guilty party. In 1905, Sergei agreed to a divorce and to act in the proceedings as if he was the unfaithful partner. Now free from her first husband, Natalia married her lover, cavalry officer Vladimir Vladimirovich Wulfert ().

Second marriage

Natalia and Wulfert had known each other as children, but only fell in love after re-meeting in Moscow when Wulfert was on leave. He was an army officer serving in The Dowager Empress's Life Guard Cuirassier Regiment, known as the Blue Cuirassiers from the colour of their uniforms, stationed at Gatchina near Saint Petersburg. Natalia and Wulfert set up home at 7 Baggout Street, Gatchina.

In early December 1907, Natalia was introduced to one of her husband's fellow officers in the Blue Cuirassiers: Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia, the brother of Tsar Nicholas II. The following month, they met again at the Regimental Winter Ball. From then on, they began to see each other regularly, though Michael was always careful to include Wulfert in his letters and invitations, at least until October 1908, and use the formal form of "you" (vy) rather than the familiar one (ty). Rumours of their affair spread through the regiment, and Wulfert grew resentful. Michael began sending her secret letters to a separate postal address, now writing to her in familiar terms, and Wulfert grew physically violent, as Natalia refused to share his bed. In July 1909, privately in a letter, she accused her husband of rape. She packed luggage, and with their daughter, an elderly female cousin, and two maids, she left Wulfert for a break abroad in Switzerland. Both Michael and Wulfert turned up at the train station to see her off, and Wulfert created a scene by loudly accusing her of ruining him.

Through Baron Frederiks, the court minister, Michael tried to buy off Wulfert by offering him a post in Moscow as aide-de-camp to Prince Odoevsky-Maslov at the Kremlin. Wulfert threatened to commit suicide if Natalia did not return to him, and then challenged Michael to a duel. Nicholas II intervened, and transferred Michael from the Blue Cuirassiers to the Chernigov Hussars at Orel,  from Saint Petersburg. In August 1909, Michael went to Denmark with his mother, and arranged for Natalia to meet him there. They were reunited in a hotel in Copenhagen, unbeknownst to his mother, and consummated their relationship for the first time.

Royal mistress

Wulfert accepted the Kremlin post, at an enlarged salary, and as Natalia's residence permit was tied to her husband's she also returned to Moscow to live temporarily at a hotel opposite the Kremlin. By November, she was living in an 8-room apartment at 36 Petersburg Road, paid for by Michael, where he visited her about 3 times a month from Orel. Wulfert was still demanding that Natalia return to him, as well as threatening to shoot her. Against the wishes of Michael and Natalia, Nicholas II insisted that she remain in Moscow, and refused to vary the conditions of her residence permit.

By December 1909, Natalia was pregnant. Fearful that her husband would try to claim the child and take it away from her, her desire for a divorce grew stronger. Eventually, after prolonged negotiations and a hefty pay-off, Wulfert agreed to a divorce on the pretence that he had been unfaithful. Natalia's divorce petition was submitted to the Moscow Ecclesiastical Consistory Court on 19 February 1910, but by July 1910 it had not been granted. When she gave birth to a son on 24 July 1910, the child was legally Wulfert's. The boy was named George in honour of Michael's late brother. It was said that Wulfert was bought off with a bribe of 200,000 roubles, and the date of their divorce was back-dated, so that George was recognised as Natalia's illegitimate son, though inheriting her noble status, rather than the legitimate child of Wulfert's.

In May 1911, Nicholas II granted Natalia the surname "Brasova" and the right to live at Michael's estate at Brasovo,  from his posting at Orel. Michael, Natalia and her two children moved there immediately. By the end of the year, Michael was posted to a command in Saint Petersburg, and they moved to the capital. He officially lived in regimental quarters while paying for a 28-room apartment at 16 Liteyny Prospekt for her. She felt trapped in the apartment, feared that her letters were opened, and was ostracised by society. After a few months, Michael moved her to a villa at 24 Nikolaevskaya, Gatchina, nearer to his base at the Gatchina Palace.

Third marriage

Just as they had done for the previous two years, in summer 1912, Michael and Natalia holidayed in Western Europe. After shaking off agents of Nicholas II's secret police, the Okhrana, Michael and Natalia married in Vienna on 16 October 1912 in a Serbian Orthodox Church. They had successfully planned the wedding without either Nicholas II's or the Okhrana's knowledge. On their eventual arrival in Cannes, after a few days travelling through Venice and Milan, Natalia's two children joined them from Russia. The Grand Duke wrote to his brother, the Tsar, to inform him of the marriage, but because Natalia was divorced and not of royal blood the Tsar refused to approve it. Michael was perceived by the court as being "under the hypnotic influence of a malicious vamp". Nicholas II said Natalia was "such a cunning, wicked beast that it's disgusting even to talk about her". Michael was removed from the imperial succession, and exiled from Russia in disgrace. Though members of society felt some sympathy for Michael, thinking his punishment severe, there was little sympathy for Natalia. Despite marrying a Grand Duke, she was not entitled to be known as "Grand Duchess", and instead used the style "Madame or Countess Brasova".

Until September 1913, they stayed in hotels throughout Europe, without any decrease in their standard of living. They met Michael's sister Grand Duchess Xenia and cousin Grand Duke Andrew, and in July 1913, they saw Michael's mother in London who told Natalia "a few home truths" according to Xenia's diary. From September 1913, they leased an English country house, Knebworth,  north of London. Natalia acted as hostess for any of their guests, which included her friend Chaliapin, the Ballets Russes, and the artist Serge Sudeikin. As a divorcée, however, Natalia was often excluded from invitations to social events elsewhere; the divorced were not received at court and could not enter the Royal Enclosure at Ascot.

War

Upon the outbreak of World War I, Michael requested Nicholas II's permission to return home and to the army, with the understanding his wife and children could accompany him. Nicholas agreed and the family returned to the house on Nikolaevskaya street; Natalia was still not permitted to live in any of the imperial palaces. Michael was appointed to the rank of major-general, and given command of the Savage Division (Дикая Дивизия) formed from Chechens and Daghestani. The post was perceived as a relatively low position in the Army, and was believed to be Nicholas II's punishment for Michael's marriage.

As was expected of women in the imperial family, Natalia founded two hospitals, one at Gatchina and one at Saint Petersburg, in properties owned by Michael. In January 1915, her sister Olga died in Moscow, and she went there for the funeral. At her hotel in Moscow, she was visited by Michael's cousin, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, who professed himself in love with her. Dmitri had a reputation as a rake, and Natalia, though flattered, turned him down and told her husband of the encounter. Just eight weeks later, her eldest sister Vera also died.

In March 1915, Nicholas II agreed to legitimise George, and grant him the style of Count Brasov, although George still held no claim to the throne. Natalia's social circle expanded as more people began to accept her. As the war began to go badly for the Russians, Natalia was dismayed by the change in Michael's appearance as he abandoned his smart uniforms and decorations and wore a plain uniform with his muddy boots. Michael was "deeply upset" by Natalia's criticisms of his decision to be in the frontline of the war. He wrote to her, "the present time is so hard for Russia that my conscience could not allow me not to join the frontline service – and I am convinced that having done that, I also brought you some good in terms of public opinion, which, unfortunately, we can't totally ignore."

Natalia's social circle widened to include deputies in the Duma, and she was perceived as a liberal who supported a constitutional monarchy rather than the Tsar's autocracy. The Tsarina, Alexandra, even feared that Natalia was conspiring to make Michael Emperor. The Tsarina and Dowager Empress still would not accept Natalia. A portrait of her in a Kiev hospital she had funded with her own money was hidden by hospital staff for a visit by the Dowager Empress, and Alexandra had an exhibition of photographs of Michael and Natalia cleared by the imperial police. Natalia was depressed by the snubs, and by her separation from Michael, who was still at the front. In September 1916, they reunited at Mogilev, and spent time at Brasovo and Gatchina for the next six weeks, until Michael fell ill with stomach ulcers. They moved to the Crimea for Michael's recuperation. Christmas 1916 was spent at Brasovo as a family, where Natalia's daughter was "thrilled to the core" to hear that Dimitri had helped murder Rasputin, Tsarina Alexandra's self-styled spiritual mentor.

Revolution
After the February Revolution in 1917, Nicholas abdicated in Michael's favour, but Michael refused to accept the throne until ratified by the will of the people. By naming Michael as his successor, Nicholas effectively reversed the long-standing law that morganatically married dynasts forfeited rights of succession, but his actions were ultimately irrelevant. Power lay with the revolutionaries, not with the Tsar, whether it was Nicholas or Michael. Michael and his family were placed under house arrest in Gatchina.

In September 1917, the house arrest was lifted. At the end of the following month the Prime Minister, Alexander Kerensky, was deposed in the October Revolution and the Bolsheviks seized power. With a permit to travel issued by Peter Polotsov, a former army colleague of Michael's who held a command in Saint Petersburg, the family planned to move to the greater safety of Finland. Valuables were packed and the children were moved to an estate south of Gatchina owned by Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, the brother of one of Natalia's closest friends (Nadine Vonlyarlarskaya) and the father of the famous writer, Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov. The Bolsheviks discovered their plan, however, and their escape was blocked. The children returned to Gatchina, and they were once again under house arrest. Natalia managed to gain access to her safety deposit box, by claiming that she needed to examine some papers at the bank, and thus retrieved as much of her jewellery as she could conceal without arousing suspicion. The house arrest was lifted in November, but on 7 March 1918 Michael and Nicholas Johnson—who had been his secretary since December 1912—were re-arrested on the orders of Moisei Uritsky, the Head of the Petrograd secret police. They were imprisoned at Bolshevik headquarters in the Smolny Institute.

Natalia visited Michael the next two days, 8 and 9 March 1918, with their friend Princess Putyatina. On 9 March, she barged her way into Lenin's office, which was in the same building, to remonstrate with him. In the evening, the Council of the People's Commissars decided to send Michael and Johnson into internal exile. On 11 March, they were sent a thousand miles eastwards to the remote city of Perm.

Concerned for her entire family's safety, Natalia made plans for the children to be taken abroad. With the help of the Danish embassy, which was next-door to Princess Puyatina's apartment, George was smuggled out of the country to Denmark by his nanny, Miss Neame. The Danes extended diplomatic protection to the villa in Gatchina by pretending to rent it and flying the Danish flag over the house. Natalia wanted to join Michael in Perm, and after repeated pleading received a travel permit to join him. They spent about a week together, until an army of disgruntled Czechs advanced on Perm. The Bolsheviks had attempted to ship prisoners-of-war from Austria–Hungary out of Russia, ethnic Czech troops amongst them. The Czechs, however, were not going home to fight once more for the Austrian empire, but to fight for a separate independent homeland. The Germans demanded that the Bolsheviks disarm the Czechs, with the result that the Czech forces joined with the White Army, fighting against the Bolsheviks. With the approach of the Czechs, Michael and Natalia feared that she would become trapped in Perm, possibly in a dangerous situation, and so on 18 May she left for Moscow.

In Moscow, Natalia continued to badger Bolshevik Commissars, including Lenin, Trotsky and Sverdlov, for Michael's release, but to no avail. In June 1918, her husband and Johnson were shot by their captors on the outskirts of Perm. To cover their tracks, the Perm authorities distributed a concocted story that Michael was abducted by unidentified men and had disappeared. Natalia went to Uritsky in a quest for an explanation, but Uritsky ordered her arrest and incarceration. The Soviet disinformation about Michael's disappearance led to unfounded rumours that he had escaped and was leading a successful counter-revolution. Natalia heard the rumours in prison, and chose to believe them. Ten weeks after her imprisonment, in early September, Natalia pretended that she had developed tuberculosis, and was moved to a nursing home. Once there, she escaped and took refuge in the apartment above her brother-in-law's with family friend Princess Vyazemskaya. Uritsky had been murdered in late August, and the Bolsheviks were terrorising Petrograd in what was later called the Red Terror. Natalia's daughter, "Tata", was arrested and imprisoned, but released after a few days when it became apparent she had no knowledge of her mother's whereabouts. With no money or food, "Tata" made her way to her uncle's apartment, and so was fortuitously re-united with her mother.

Exile
The Germans believed the widespread rumours that Michael was still alive, and plotted to rescue Natalia from Russia in an attempt to gain influence with Michael. Through the German-controlled Ukrainian consulate, Natalia and her daughter were provided with false passports. Natalia's daughter used her own name, while Natalia's passport was in the name of a nun called Frau Tania Klenow. They travelled separately to Kiev, with Natalia disguised as a nun. They were still in Kiev when the war ended with Germany's defeat on 11 November 1918. German authority began to collapse. Natalia and her daughter, along with Princess Vyazemskaya and Natalia's widowed brother-in-law Aleksei Matveev, who had both made it to Kiev as well, fled to Odessa in the hope they could escape by sea. Two British naval vessels at the port, HMS Nereide and HMS Skirmisher, provided them with sanctuary. Aboard HMS Nereide they were evacuated to Constantinople.

By way of HMS Agamemnon to Malta, merchant ship to Marseilles, and rail to Paris, Natalia arrived in England. Johnson's widowed mother had leased a house, Snape in Wadhurst, Sussex, for Michael's family, and all the furniture and furnishings stored at Paddockhurst were moved in. George arrived from Copenhagen with his nanny in spring 1919, and was sent to an English boarding school. Natalia's daughter, Natalia Mamontova, was enrolled at a convent school in France. For funds, Natalia used money in Michael's bank accounts in Paris and Copenhagen, and started selling her jewellery. She met Michael's mother, the Dowager Empress Marie, who had also escaped Russia, in London, and their meeting this time was courteous. Conflicting rumours about Michael's fate and whereabouts continued without any solid news. In 1920, "Tata" was sent to Cheltenham Ladies' College and George was enrolled at Harrow School. Natalia moved out of Snape as the lease ended, and moved to Percy Lodge near Richmond, Surrey.

On 12 August 1921, 18-year-old Natalia Mamontova married future BBC broadcaster Val Gielgud, against her mother's wishes and without her foreknowledge. Natalia Mamontova was on school break and returned home as if nothing had happened. When Natalia found out, she ordered her daughter out of her house. Natalia left Percy Lodge and moved into an apartment in Kensington. The Gielguds divorced in 1923, and Natalia Mamontova married composer and music critic Cecil Gray.

By 1924, there was still no sign of Michael, and Natalia had him declared legally dead on 5 July 1924. She inherited his estate in Britain, which was valued at a mere £95. The following month, Michael's cousin, Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich, declared himself Emperor on the basis that he had inherited the throne at the moment of the previous Emperor's death, despite the abolition of the Russian monarchy by the communists. In 1928, he gave Natalia the title of Princess, followed in 1935 by the style "Her Serene Highness Princess Romanovskaya-Brasova". He made George a Prince. Cyril's claim to the throne was met with opposition from within the Romanov family because at his birth his mother was a Lutheran and not a member of the Russian Orthodox Church. Furthermore, Cyril had married Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, who was a divorcée and his first cousin, without the Emperor's consent. The House law that determined the Russian line of succession excluded princes born to non-Orthodox mothers, and princes who married without the Tsar's consent. The Russian Orthodox Church did not recognise Victoria's divorce from her first husband as valid, and did not permit marriage between first cousins. Cyril's title, and by extension Natalia's and George's, were only recognised by Cyril's supporters.

Decline

To save money, in 1927 Natalia moved to Paris where living costs were less than in London. George joined her in France, but he was killed after a car accident in 1931. She was at his bedside when he died, though he had not regained consciousness after the crash. She was emotionally devastated. Natalia's granddaughter, Pauline Gray, was born in 1929, but the Grays' marriage also ended in divorce. Natalia Mamontova's third and last marriage was to naval officer Michael Majolier, with whom she had a second daughter, Alexandra, born in 1934.

Natalia continued attempts to recover Michael's assets. The Polish government had seized Michael's Polish estate, and Natalia sued them for its return or compensation. By the Peace of Riga, the Poles were entitled to any imperial property in the former Russian Poland, but Natalia pointed out that Michael was already dead before the Peace, and so any of Michael's property in Poland was legally hers, as a commoner. In 1937, the court ruled against her. In 1938, she did receive a pay-out from the German courts, when the Tsar's estate in Germany was shared between all his heirs, but hyper-inflation had reduced its value. She continued to sell anything she could in a desperate attempt to raise cash.

During World War II, Natalia and her daughter were separated as Natalia lived in Paris, and her daughter was in Britain. They were unable to communicate with each other until after the war, by which time Natalia was penniless and lived as a refugee in an attic box-room. On 23 January 1952, she died of cancer at the Laënnec charity hospital in Paris in complete poverty, and was buried in Passy Cemetery (Section 9, near the intersection with the outer wall and Section 8) in Paris beside her son George, Count Brasov.

Notes


Bob Hayton (Australian footballer)

Bob Hayton (born 28 March 1946) is  a former Australian rules footballer who played with Fitzroy in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Notes

External links


Mahe

Mahe, Mahé, Mähe, or MAHE may refer to:

Places
China
 Mahe Township (, lit. "Horse Creek Village") in Li County in Gansu

Estonia
 Mähe, a subdistrict of Tallinn, Estonia

India
 Mahé, India, a municipality in Mahé district and former French colony
 Mahé district, one of the four districts of the Union Territory of Puducherry in India
 Mahé River, a river in India
 Mahe, Ladakh, a town in Ladakh, India

Seychelles
 Mahé, Seychelles, the main island in the Republic of Seychelles

Education
 Manipal Academy of Higher Education, a deemed university located in Manipal, Karnataka, India
 Master of Arts in Higher Education, a student affairs-related degree

People
 Ma He (馬和), birth name of Zheng He (1371–1433 or 1435), Ming dynasty explorer
Surname
 Isabel Ge Mahe (born 1973/1974), Chinese businesswoman
 Reno Mahe (born 1980), American football player
 Stéphane Mahé (born 1968), French footballer

Given name
 Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais (1699−1753), French naval officer and administrator, namesake of Mahé, Seychelles
 Mahé Drysdale (born 1978), New Zealand sculler

Other uses
 Mahé day gecko, a species of lizard endemic to the Seychelles


Retarded potential

In electrodynamics, the retarded potentials are the electromagnetic potentials for the electromagnetic field generated by time-varying electric current or charge distributions in the past. The fields propagate at the speed of light c, so the delay of the fields connecting cause and effect at earlier and later times is an important factor: the signal takes a finite time to propagate from a point in the charge or current distribution (the point of cause) to another point in space (where the effect is measured), see figure below.

In the Lorenz gauge

The starting point is Maxwell's equations in the potential formulation using the Lorenz gauge:

where φ(r, t) is the electric potential and A(r, t) is the magnetic potential, for an arbitrary source of charge density ρ(r, t) and current density J(r, t), and  is the D'Alembert operator. Solving these gives the retarded potentials below (all in SI units).

For time-dependent fields

For time-dependent fields, the retarded potentials are:

where r is a point in space, t is time,

is the retarded time, and d3r' is the integration measure using r'.

From φ(r, t) and A(r, t), the fields E(r, t) and B(r, t) can be calculated using the definitions of the potentials:

and this leads to Jefimenko's equations. The corresponding advanced potentials have an identical form, except the advanced time

replaces the retarded time.

In comparison with static potentials for time-independent fields

In the case the fields are time-independent (electrostatic and magnetostatic fields), the time derivatives in the  operators of the fields are zero, and Maxwell's equations reduce to

where ∇2 is the Laplacian, which take the form of Poisson's equation in four components (one for φ and three for A), and the solutions are:

These also follow directly from the retarded potentials.

In the Coulomb gauge

In the Coulomb gauge, Maxwell's equations are

although the solutions contrast the above, since A is a retarded potential yet φ  changes instantly, given by:

This presents an advantage and a disadvantage of the Coulomb gauge - φ is easily calculable from the charge distribution ρ but A is not so easily calculable from the current distribution j. However, provided we require that the potentials vanish at infinity, they can be expressed neatly in terms of fields:

In linearized gravity

The retarded potential in linearized general relativity is closely analogous to the electromagnetic case. The trace-reversed tensor  plays the role of the four-vector potential, the harmonic gauge  replaces the electromagnetic Lorenz gauge, the field equations are , and the retarded-wave solution is

.

Occurrence and application

A many-body theory which includes an average of retarded and advanced Liénard–Wiechert potentials is the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory also known as the Wheeler–Feynman time-symmetric theory.

Example
The potential of charge with uniform speed on a straight line has inversion in a point that is in the recent position. The potential is not changed in the direction of movement.


Chochorowice

Chochorowice  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Podegrodzie, within Nowy Sącz County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland.


Guido Cominotto

Guido Cominotto (Mestre, 4 October 1901 - 9 March 1967) was an Italian sprinter (400 m)and middle distance runner (800 m).

Biography
Guido Cominotto participated at two editions of the Summer Olympics (1924, 1928), he has 7 caps in national team from 1924 to 1928.

Achievements

National championships
Guido Cominotto has won 6 times the individual national championship.
2 wins on 400 metres (1922, 1923)
4 wins on 800 metres (1922, 1923, 1924, 1926)


Roger Owen (rugby)

Roger Owen (13 December 1953) is a Welsh rugby union, and professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s. He played club level rugby union (RU) for New Dock Stars RFC, as a Prop, i.e. number 1 or 3, and representative level rugby league (RL) for Wales, and at club level for St. Helens, as a , i.e. number 8 or 10, during the era of contested scrums.

International honours
Roger Owen won caps for Wales (RL) while at St. Helens in 1981 against France (interchange/substitute), and England (interchange/substitute).


Bob Winston

Robert Watson "Bob" Winston, Jr. (December 17, 1891 – August 10, 1970) was a college football player and politician from North Carolina.

College football
Winston was an All-Southern college football end for the North Carolina Tar Heels of the University of North Carolina, captain of its 1911 team. He was selected for the 1914 College Football All-Southern Team by Dick Jemison.
Kemp Plummer Battle recalls he was a good player but shifted around the line too much for his own good. He was once in charge of athletics at Bingham Military School in Asheville.

Politics
Winston represented Wake County in the General Assembly of 1917. In 1949, he was named chairman of the State Board of Alcohol Control.


William Johnstone (artist)

William Johnstone OBE (1897–1981) was a Scottish artist and writer, and was the Principal of Central School of Arts and Crafts from 1947–1960.

Life

Johnstone was born in 1897 in Denholm in the Scottish Borders and grew up to a farming family. After the First World War he gave up the life of a farmer to go to Edinburgh College of Art. Here he met the poet Hugh MacDiarmid who shared many of his political and artistic ideals. Together they formed the concept of the Scottish Renaissance to release the nation from its cultural poverty under a centralised British arts scene.

Johnstone travelled to Paris in his youth, which opened him to the ideas of modernism. He also spent a large amount of time in the US, where he became interested in Indian cave paintings for their deemed naïve simplicity.

During World War II Johnstone became culturally despondent, turning away from practising art to become a teacher, a role which occupied much of his professional life. In 1938 until 1945 he served as the Principal of the Camberwell School of Art and Crafts in London. And later, in 1947, was appointed as Principal of the Central School of Arts and Crafts. Johnstone was noted for his recruitment of a new teaching staff of fine artists which included the painters Mary Kessell (b. 1914) and Richard Hamilton, brought in to assist at the School of Silversmithing and Jewellery. Johnstone played an important and pioneering role in his teaching and promoting of 'Basic Design principles'—which he had developed from his contacts with the Bauhaus— at both the Camberwell and Central Schools.

He became well renowned as a teacher, creating innovative courses and employment such important artists to teach as Alan Davie and Eduardo Paolozzi. And in 1954 Johnstone's significant contributions to art education saw him awarded an Order of the British Empire. In 1960, Johnstone retired and left the Central School to return home to the Borders to work dually as a farmer and a painter. This was to be his most prolific period as an artist.

Art
Johnstone’s work was directly related to modernism, moving away from direct representation to abstraction. Central to his work was the materiality of paint and its formal attributes. This was heavily influenced by the work of the Abstract Expressionists in America. Also, key was the notion of the unconscious, as inspired by Surrealism.

Johnstone’s work also took on a very personal relationship with the landscape of his native land of the Scottish borders.  In this landscape he saw the tension between humanity and nature. Despite his abstract tendencies, Johnstone’s work still retained a physical sense of the visual world.  This is demonstrated in his most celebrated painting A Point in Time 1929–1937 now owned by the National Galleries of Scotland.

Johnstone’s work is found in several major UK public collections including the Tate Gallery, the Government Art Collection, The Fleming Collection and the Dundee Art Galleries and Museums Collections.


Epilobium ciliatum

Epilobium ciliatum, known by the common names fringed willowherb, American willowherb, slender willow herb, and northern willow herb is a species of flowering plant in the willowherb family Onagraceae. This species is native to much of North America, southern South America, and East Asia. It is an introduced species in much of Eurasia and Australia.

This perennial herbaceous plant usually occurs in wetlands, but may be found in a great variety of habitats, including disturbed areas and roadsides, at elevations below .

Description
Epilobium ciliatum is a clumping perennial often exceeding  in height. It has thickly veined lance-shaped leaves which may be up to 15 centimeters long toward the base of the plant. The foliage, stem, and inflorescence are covered in bristly hairs and glands.

There are four sepals. The regular, trumpet-shaped flowers have four petals which are so deeply notched they look like four pairs. They are white to light purple or pink with dark veining. There are eight stamens and a club-shaped stigma. The fruit is a narrow, hairy, four-chambered capsule up to 10 centimeters in length which may be held on a long stalk. The seeds are downy and can float for long distances with the wind.

Subspecies
Three subspecies are currently recognized:
 Epilobium ciliatum ssp. ciliatum
 Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum — (Lehm.) Hoch & P.H.Raven
 Epilobium ciliatum ssp. watsonii — (Barbey) Hoch & P.H.Raven

Taxonomy
Epilobium ciliatum may be a cryptic species complex. The Rocky Mountain Willowherb (Epilobium saximontanum) is sometimes included as yet another subspecies.

The three currently recognized subspecies may each constitute a distinct species. If so, E. ciliatum ssp. watsonii would perhaps use the name E. adenocaulon and include those populations, while E. ciliatum ssp. glandulosum would perhaps use the name E. bergianum and include those populations. The others named  E. ciliatum ssp. ciliatum populations would remain.

Distribution and habitatEpilobium ciliatum'' is native to the southern part of Canada and most of the United States of America. It arrived in northern Europe early in the 20th century and spread rapidly, reaching Finland in about 1920. It is a plant of moist places, stream-sides, ditches, ponds, gardens, roadsides, recently cleared areas and wasteland.


Hely Ollarves

Hely Domingo Ollarves Arias (born July 17, 1981 in Caracas) is a male track and field athlete from Venezuela. He competed in the men's 4x100 metres relay at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, where he was eliminated in the first round alongside José Carabalí, Juan Morillo, and José Peña.

Achievements


Source language (translation)

In translation, the source language is the language being translated from; it is the antonym of the target language, which is the language being translated to. Part of the difficulty in translation arises due to the lexical gap and syntactical differences between the source language and the target language, especially between two languages belonging to different language families.

In many professional settings, the source language is also the translator's second language. In some regions, however, the source language is the translator's first language because not enough people speak the source language as a second language. For instance, a 2005 survey found that 89% of professional Slovene translators translate into their second language, usually English. In cases where the source language is the translator's first language, the translation process is referred to by various terms, including translating into a non-mother tongue, translating into a second language, inverse translation, service translation, reverse translation, and translation from A to B.


Société d'astronomie de Montréal

The Société d'astronomie de Montréal (Montreal Astronomy Society) is an astronomy club. It was founded in 1968 after the Montreal French Centre of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (founded in 1947) obtained a provincial charter.

For many years, it was the largest French-language astronomy club in Quebec, until the mid-1980s, when many other clubs in the Greater Montreal area started gaining members.

The Société has published for many years an Annuaire astronomique, an ephemeris book. Its members were also being offered telescope mirror polishing courses, in the Montreal Botanical Gardens meeting room, which was occupied by the Société until 1980, where it had to move.

Nowadays, the Société is based in the Villeray—Saint-Michel—Parc-Extension borough (district Saint-Michel). It organizes every year, together with the Club d'astronomie Orion de Saint-Timothée, the Concours annuel de fabricants de télescopes amateurs (CAFTA), a telescope-making contest.

President List

 1968 : Philippe Mailloux,
 1969-70 : André Aird,
 1971-72 : Jacques Lebrun,
 1973 : Henri Simard,
 1974-76 : Jacques Dumas,
 1977-78 : Henri Coïa,
 1979-80 : Lucien Coallier,
 1981 : Maurice Provencher,
 1982 : Lucien Coallier,
 1983 : Rolland Lacroix,
 1984-85 : Pierre Bastien,
 1986-88 : Marc-André Gélinas,
 1989-90 : Jean-Pierre Urbain,
 1991 : Patrice Gérin-Roze,
 1992 : Marc-André Gélinas,
 1993 : Pierre Paquette,
 1994 : Lorraine Morin,
 1995 : Maurice Provencher,
 1996-97 : Marc Fortin,
 1998-99 : François Chevrefils,
 2000-02 : Patrice Scattolin,
 2003 : Bruno Beaupré,
 2004-06 : Hugues Lacombe,
 2007 : Michel Boucher

External links
 Official Site in French;
 CAFTA in French.


Jean-Jacques Pierre

Jean-Jacques Pierre (born 23 January 1981) is a Haitian professional footballer. He plays for French club US Granville as a centre back.

Club career
Born in Léogâne, Jean-Jacques Pierre began his career in the youth ranks of Haitian club Cavaly. After impressing with the Island club Pierre moved to Argentina joining  Arsenal de Sarandí. After one season with Arsenal Pierre joined Deportivo Morón and went on to  score an impressive seven goals as a defender. His play with Morón earned him a move to historic Uruguayan side Peñarol. While with Peñarol Pierre was a regular starter for the club and also featured during Copa Libertadores. He was voted as the best defender of the Uruguayan championship during 2004–2005.

In August 2005 he joined French club Nantes. Upon joining Nantes Pierre quickly became a first team regular. He made his debut for Nantes on 10 September 2005 in a 1–0 loss to Troyes AC. In six seasons in France he appeared in 143 league matches (including 68 Ligue 1 matches) and scored 4 goals.

International career
Pierre was the captain of the U-23 Haiti national football team, and emerged as an important player for the full national squad. He made his full national team debut in a December 2001 friendly match against El Salvador and was a Haiti squad member at the 2002 and 2007 Gold Cup Finals. Also, he played in 2 World Cup qualifying matches in 2004. According to the Haitian press, on 25 March 2009, Jean-Jacques Pierre announced his retirement from the national side citing false accusations against him. Also, Pierre explained he was not as much valued in the national team as he was with Nantes F.C. However, he returned to the national team and participated in 2010 World Cup qualifying matches.


Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich (English, Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire) (abbreviated Wurzbach from the author's surname) is a 60-volume work, edited and published by Constantin von Wurzbach,  containing about 24,254 critical biographies of notable personages in every walk of life and from all parts of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy who were born, lived or worked there during the period 1750–1850.


Live at Brixton (Mastodon album)

Live at Brixton is the second live album by metal band Mastodon. It was released on April 19, 2014. Although it was originally released as a digital only release, it was later released as a Record Store Day exclusive Vinyl.

Reception
Pitchfork gave the album a positive review with Paul Thompson saying "If Mastodon never get around to a greatest hits package, Live at Brixton will do the trick".

Rolling Stone magazine listed the album #19 in the 20 best metal albums of 2013.

Chris Conaton of PopMatters rated the album 7 out of 10. Wrapping up his review with "this is a well-made concert film of a band playing at their best".

Track listing

Personnel
 Troy Sanders – bass, vocals
 Brent Hinds – lead guitar, vocals
 Bill Kelliher – rhythm guitar, samples, backing vocals
 Brann Dailor – drums, vocals


John Anderson (baseball coach)

John Anderson (born May 16, 1955) is an American college baseball coach and former pitcher. He is the head baseball coach at the University of Minnesota. Anderson played college baseball at the University of Minnesota from 1974 to 1975, until injuries ended his career. In 38 seasons (as of the end of the 2019 season), Anderson has led the Golden Gophers to a record of 1,317 wins, 887 losses and three ties.  In the Big Ten he has led Golden Gophers to a record of 592 wins and 351 losses in that same span.

Playing career
Anderson graduated from Nashwauk-Keewatin High School in Nashwauk, Minnesota in 1973. Anderson would next enroll at the University of Minnesota, where he would walk-on to the Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball team. After pitching for two years, an arm injury forced Anderson to quit playing. He remained as a student coach for the next two years, and was even voted as MVP of the 1977 team.

Coaching career
Following his graduation in 1977, longtime Gophers coach Dick Siebert named him a graduate assistant. Siebert died in the winter of 1978, and successor George Thomas named Anderson a full-time assistant. Thomas resigned in 1981, and Anderson became head coach at the age of 26–at the time, the youngest head baseball coach in Big Ten history. He has spent his entire adult life at the U of M as a player, assistant coach or head coach.

His most successful team was the 2018 unit, which reached the super regional round–the Gophers' deepest tournament run since their last College World Series appearance in 1977.

Head coaching record
Below is a table of Anderson's yearly records as an NCAA head baseball coach.

Awards and honors
Big Ten Coach of the Year (1982, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2010, 2016, 2018)
ABCA Hall of Fame Inductee

Personal
Anderson graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1977 with a B.S. in Education. Anderson and his wife Jan are the parents of daughter Erin Elizabeth.


1973 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship Final

The 1973 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship final was a hurling match that was played at Páirc Dáibhín, Carrick-on-Suir on 11 November 1973 to determine the winners of the 1973 All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, the 8th season of the All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship, a tournament organised by the Gaelic Athletic Association for the champion teams of the four provinces of Ireland. The final was contested by Cork of Munster and Wexford of Leinster, with Cork winning by 2-10 to 4-2.

The All-Ireland final between Cork and Wexford was their eighth championship meeting. Cork were hoping to win their sixth title over all. Wexford were hoping to win their second All-Ireland title.

Cork's All-Ireland victory was their sixth in eighth years.

Wexford's run of bad luck in All-Ireland finals continued. After winning their sole title in 1965, defeat in 1973 marked their fifth loss in an All-Ireland decider since that victory.

Match

Details


Metarbela cinereolimbata

Metarbela cinereolimbata is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in Kenya.


Cafe Rio

Cafe Rio, or Cafe Rio Mexican Grill, is a fast casual restaurant chain based in Salt Lake City, with branches in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Maryland, Montana, Nevada, Utah, Virginia, Washington, and Wyoming. The company specializes in Mexican cuisine. Its menu includes appetizers, tostadas, salads, burritos, desserts, enchiladas, tacos, quesadillas, soups, and beverages. The company also provides catering services. In October 2017, the chain had 120 locations. In September 2019, it has grown to 133 locations.

History
Cafe Rio was started in 1997 by Steve and Tricia Stanley in St. George, Utah. In December 2004, Bob and Kathleen Nilsen, Spencer K Hill, along with SKM/Apax Partners purchased the chain, which at the time had six restaurants. In 2011, Dave Gagnon took over as CEO and COO at the same time as Bob Baker was appointed President and CFO. In 2018, Steve Vaughan became CEO when Dave Gagnon retired. Previously, Mr. Vaughan was CFO. As of September 2019, the company operates 133 restaurants in 12 states. Cafe Rio's recipes are inspired from the traditional cooking of the Rio Grande region of Northern Mexico, Southern Texas and New Mexico. Meals are cooked in each restaurant's kitchen, fresh every day. The signature dish is a sweet pork barbacoa burrito made enchilada-style.

Locations
The company has locations in:

 Arizona
 California
 Colorado
 Florida
 Idaho
 Maryland
 Montana
 Nevada
 Utah
 Virginia
 Washington
 Wyoming

Notes


Little India, Singapore

Little India is an ethnic district in Singapore. It is located east of the Singapore River—across from Chinatown, located west of the river—and north of Kampong Glam. Both areas are part of the urban planning area of Rochor. Little India is commonly known as Tekka in the Indian Singaporean community.

History
Little India is distinct from the Chulia Kampong area, which, under the Raffles Plan of Singapore, was originally a division of colonial Singapore where ethnic Indian immigrants would reside under the British policy of ethnic segregation. However, as Chulia Kampong became more crowded and competition for land escalated, many ethnic Indians moved into what is now known as Little India. (The Chulia Kampong district no longer exists as a distinct area.)

The Little India area is reported to have developed around a former settlement for Indian convicts. Its location along the Serangoon River originally made it attractive for raising cattle, and trade in livestock was once prominent in the area. Eventually, other economic activity developed, and by the turn of the 20th century, the area began to look like an ethnic Indian neighbourhood.

Little India was the site of a two-hour-long riot that occurred on 8 December 2013, after a man was killed in a traffic accident. 27 people were injured, and 40 people were arrested

Culture

Although ethnic Indians no longer tend to stay solely segregated in one place as previously arranged under the modern People's Action Party (PAP) policy of racial harmony, for the sake of cultural heritage, many of the ethnically Indian commercial or cottage industry usages are concentrated in Little India, although Indian-dominant commercial zones are also found in HDB estates. Contrary to stereotypes, Little India is not solely an Indian neighbourhood. Located in the neighbourhood alongside shops that cater predominantly to the Indians are Chinese clan associations, places of worship of different religions, and a variety of different business ranging from electrical supplies, hardware, second-hand goods alongside traditional spice grinders and grocers. One of the more prominent examples of cross-cultural patronage besides those regarding food is that many Chinese parents go to shops in Little India to grind rice to make congee for infants. The machinery used in this instance was initially flown in from India to grind spices into powder for use in Indian cuisine. Little India differs from many other neighbourhoods in Singapore in many ways. Tekka Market is also multi-cultural, with produce and sundries that cater to the many ethnic groups in Singapore.

Features

Serangoon Road is the main commercial thoroughfare in Little India. It intersects Rochor Canal Road and Bukit Timah Sungei Road. Along Serangoon Road is the Tekka Centre, the Tekka Mall, the Little India Arcade, Serangoon Plaza, and the Mustafa Centre (on a side-road). Farrer Park Fields is located in the district. Several Hindu temples, mosques, and other place of worship include Foochow Methodist Church, Kampong Kapor Methodist Church which was completed in 1929, Sri Veeramakaliamman Temple, Angullia Mosque, Sri Vadapathira Kaliamman Temple, Jalan Mosque, and the Central Sikh Gurdwara.

The Abdul Gafoor Mosque, built in 1859 and named after a Tamil lawyer's clerk, features Arabian- and Renaissance-style architecture. Its prayer hall, decorated with Moorish arch-work, displays a tableau featuring the history of the Islamic religion. The Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple, along Serangoon Road, features a high gopuram (tower), and was built in 1855. The Buddhist Sakyamuni Buddha Gaya Temple, also along Serangoon Road, originally established by Thai monk Vuthisasara in 1927. Leong San See Temple is dedicated to Guanyin, the Chinese Boddhisattva of Mercy.

Transport
The area is served by the following MRT stations: Little India, Farrer Park on the North East line, and Rochor and Jalan Besar on the Downtown line. Bus services 23, 64, 65, 66, 67, 131, 139, 147, 857 & NR6 pass through Little India via Serangoon Road.


1912–13 Montreal Canadiens season

The 1912–13 Montreal Canadiens season was the team's fourth season and fourth of the National Hockey Association (NHA). The club would post a 9–11 record and tie for third place.

Regular season
Newsy Lalonde returned to Montreal after being acquired from Vancouver of the Pacific Coast League (PCHA). Don Smith was acquired from Victoria of the PCHA. Didier Pitre signed with Quebec but the league intervened and he returned to the Canadiens.

An exhibition game was played with the Wanderers in Toronto at the new Arena Gardens on December 22. Newsy Lalonde would trip Odie Cleghorn and his brother Sprague Cleghorn then skated over and hit Lalonde on the face, opening a 12 stitch cut. Cleghorn would be charged in Toronto court and fined $50 and suspended by the league.

The Canadiens would open the season with a three-game winning streak. At the halfway point, the club's record was 7–3 to lead the league, but Quebec came on strong with an eleven-game win streak to win the league championship and Montreal finished third behind Quebec and the Wanderers.

Final standings

Schedule and results

‡ Played with rover (7 man hockey)

Playoffs
The team did not qualify for the playoffs.

Awards and records

Milestones
 January 18, 1913 – Georges Vezina posted the club's first shutout.

Roster
 Georges Vezina (goaltender)
 Louis Berlinquette, Hector Dallaire, Louis Degray, Ernie Dubeau, Clayton Frechette, Hyacinthe Guevremont, Alphonse Jette, Jack Laviolette,  Marchand, Eugene Payan, Didier Pitre, Fred Povey, Don Smith

Source:


G10 (agricultural)

The G10 includes ten countries identified by the World Trade Organization which are "vulnerable" to imports due to ongoing reform in the agricultural sector. The group of ten consists of Switzerland, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Israel, Norway, Iceland, Bulgaria and Mauritius.


Cătălin Necula

Cătălin Necula (born 12 December 1969) is a retired Romanian football player, known for his association with football manager Cosmin Olăroiu, currently working at Al Ahli as assistant manager.

Playing career
Necula, son of the famous Romanian goalkeeper Răducanu Necula, started his career at Sportul Studențesc București in 1988. He spent four seasons at Sportul before switching to Universitatea Cluj in 1993.

In 1995, he joined Naţional București and then in 1998 he played for a short while for Hapoel Kfar Saba in Israel. After he returned to Romania, he continued to play for FCM Reşiţa, Rocar București, Bihor Oradea, Argeş Piteşti and Gloria Bistriţa, before retiring from professional football in 2004.

Necula earned four caps for the Romanian national side in 1993.

Coaching career
In 2004, Necula returned to Naţional București, this time as assistant coach and then in the autumn of 2005 he was for a short while the team's head coach. When Cosmin Olăroiu took over at Steaua Bucureşti in the winter of 2005 he asked Necula to join him as assistant manager. Since then he joined the coaching staff of Cosmin Olăroiu.


Kummatti

Kummatti is a district in Raahe, Finland. It was still countryside until the 1960s, and the first apartment house was built in 1966. Kummatti had a reputation as a problematic neighborhood, so the housing standards were improved by repairing the oldest apartment buildings in the 2000s.

The area has a Hesburger and a Teboil station. There are also a vocational institute, an elementary school, nursery school and the Kruununkirjuri office block, which has a police station and a registry office.


Abida occidentalis

Abida occidentalis is a species of land snail in the family Chondrinidae.

Geographic distribution
Abida occidentalis is found in France on northern slopes of the Pyrenees, as well as in a few locations in Andorra and Catalonia.

Ecology
The species can be found living on limestone.


Mountain masked apalis

The mountain masked apalis (Apalis personata), also known as the black-faced apalis, is a species of bird in the Cisticolidae family.  It is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda.  Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It was first described in 1902.


John H. Kamlowsky

John H. Kamlowsky (August 10, 1925 – July 8, 2015) was an American attorney who served as the United States Attorney for the Northern District of West Virginia from 1964 to 1969.

He died on July 8, 2015, in Montgomery, Texas at age 89.


La Chapelle-Gauthier

La Chapelle-Gauthier may refer to the following communes in France:

La Chapelle-Gauthier, Eure, in the Eure département
La Chapelle-Gauthier, Seine-et-Marne, in the Seine-et-Marne département


Jamilabad, Kerman

Jamilabad (, also Romanized as Jamīlābād) is a village in Fathabad Rural District, in the Central District of Baft County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 304, in 67 families.


Where I Belong (HomeTown song)

"Where I Belong" is the debut single from Irish boyband HomeTown. The song was released in Ireland as a digital download on 28 November 2014 through Sony Music Entertainment. It was released as the lead single from their self-titled debut studio album. The song has peaked at number 1 on the Irish Singles Chart. An acoustic version was released on 29 August 2015, and a remix on 30 August 2015.

Reception
Sophie Bird from Flavour Mag said ""Where I Belong" is a fast catchy song that everyone will love! It’s one of these songs where you’ll learn the lyrics just by listening to it once."

Music video
A music video to accompany the release of "Where I Belong" was first released onto YouTube on 17 July 2015 at a total length of three minutes and fifty-four seconds.

Track listing

Chart performance

Weekly charts

Release history


Big Ridge, Nova Scotia

Big Ridge  is a  community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island.