Glen Whitman

Douglas Glen Whitman is an American television writer and a professor of economics.

Academic career
Whitman is a professor of economics at California State University, Northridge, where he has been on the faculty since 2000. He has also served as a research fellow at the Independent Institute, a public policy think tank.

His expertise is in microeconomics, applied game theory, and economic analysis of law. He received his Ph.D. in economics from New York University in 2000 and his undergraduate degree in economics and politics from American University in 1994.

Whitman's 2014 book Economics of the Undead, co-edited with James Dow, is an academic collection of essays that use zombies to explain and demonstrate concepts of economics. He is also the author of Strange Brew: Alcohol and Government Monopoly (2003).

Screenwriting career
In his second career, Whitman has written for the FOX science-fiction series Fringe, the El Rey Network series Matador, the FX series The Strain, and NBC's The Blacklist: Redemption.

Along with his writing partner Robert Chiappetta, Whitman was a science advisor to the creators of Fringe before its first season. Whitman and Chiappetta served as executive story editors on Fringe, and contributed several scripts to the series.

Fringe episodes
 "Ability" (season 1, ep. 14) (teleplay by co-executive producer David H. Goodman, based on a story by Whitman and Chiappetta)
 "Of Human Action" (season 2, ep. 7)
 "The Bishop Revival" (season 2, ep. 4)
 "6955 kHz" (season 3, ep. 6)
 "6B" (season 3, ep. 14)
 "And Those We've Left Behind" (season 4, ep. 6)
 "A Better Human Being" (season 4, ep. 13) (teleplay by co-executive producers Alison Schapker and Monica Owusu-Breen, based on a story by Chiappetta and Whitman)

Personal life
As a blogger on topics including language and linguistics, Whitman is credited with coining the word snowclone in 2004.


Dioctyl terephthalate

Dioctyl terephthalate (bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate or Di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate), commonly abbreviated DOTP or DEHT, is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2. It is a non-phthalate  plasticizer, being the diester of terephthalic acid and the branched-chain 2-ethylhexanol.  This colorless viscous liquid used for softening PVC plastics is known for chemical similarity to general purpose phthalates such as DEHP and DINP, but without any negative regulatory pressure. It possesses very good plasticizing properties and may be used as a direct replacement for DEHP and DINP in many applications.

Production

One method of manufacture entails the transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with 2-ethylhexanol:
C6H4(CO)2(OCH3)2  +  2 C8H17OH  →  C6H4(CO2 C8H17)2  +  2CH3OH

A second method of manufacture is a direct esterification of terephthalic acid with 2-ethylhexanol:
C6H4(CO2H)2  +  2 C8H17OH  →  C6H4(CO2 C8H17)2  +  2H2O

Use
DOTP is a general purpose plasticizer that is considered safer than ortho-phthalate plasticizers due to its excellent toxicological profile.  The terephthalates exhibit none of the peroxisome proliferation of liver enzymes that some ortho-phthalates have shown in several studies. It has uses in applications like extrusion, calendering, injection molding, rotational molding, dip molding, slush molding and coating.

Alternative plasticizers
There are several alternative plasticizers offering similar technical properties to DOTP. These alternatives include phthalates such as DINP, DOP, DPHP, DIDP as well as non-phthalates such as DINCH and citrate esters.

Possible Health Effects
According to a panel appointed by the French Agency for the Safety of Health Products (ANSM), there is very little clinical assessment data regarding the toxicity, migration from Medical Devices and population exposure of alternative plasticizers (e.g. DOTP/DEHT) and their metabolites.  The actual French government report concludes, "The presently available information indicates that DEHTP is not expected to pose any health or environmental risks. DEHTP is not considered as toxic for reproduction and no alert was found on potential endocrine disruption properties of the substance."

Researchers from Korea state that: "DEHT, a phthalate ester stoichiometrically eqivaluent to DEHP, has been shown to have potential reproductive and developmental toxicity."  The NOAELs quoted are actually quite high, indicating the potential for reproductive toxicity is low.


Brutieridin

Brutieridin is a flavanone glycoside. Brutieridin was discovered in bergamot orange juice and exhibits statin-like properties. As a result, the juice seems to have hypolipidemic (lipid-lowering) activity.


Dick Hoover

Richard Lee "Dick" Hoover (December 15, 1929 – September 17, 2009) was an American professional bowler. He won two American Bowling Congress Masters titles in 1956 and 1957, and helped start the PBA in 1958 with founder Eddie Elias.

Born in Roseville, Ohio, Hoover grew up in Akron. He gained his first fame as a 16-year-old schoolboy by rolling an 847 series, the highest in the nation during 1946. Five years later, at 21, he became the youngest bowler to win the BPAA All-Star tournament (predecessor to the U.S. Open). A four-time All-American, he was inducted into the American Bowling Congress Hall of Fame in 1974.

Hoover owned and operated Dick Hoover's Lanes in Brunswick, Ohio.


1991 Latvian independence and democracy referendum

An independence referendum was held in Latvia on 3 March 1991, alongside a similar referendum in the Republic of Estonia. Known as the "Popular Survey about the independence of the Republic of Latvia", voters were asked "are you in favour of a democratic and independent Republic of Latvia". It was approved by 74.9% of voters, with a turnout of 87.6%. Latvian Republic civilians registered in Soviet Army units also had the right to vote in this poll.

The independence of Latvia was finally restored on August 21, 1991.

Results


Taininbeka

Taininbeka is an atoll in Fiji, a member of the Ringgold Isles archipelago, which forms an outlier group to the northern island of Vanua Levu.  This uninhabited islet is situated at 16.04° South and 179.09° East, and has a total land area of 144.34ha.


Lonesome Luke's Lively Life

Lonesome Luke's Lively Life is a 1917 short comedy film featuring Harold Lloyd.

Cast
 Harold Lloyd - Lonesome Luke
 Bebe Daniels
 Snub Pollard
 Bud Jamison
 Sidney De Gray
 Charles Stevenson - (as Charles E. Stevenson)
 Sammy Brooks
 Ray Thompson
 Jack Perrin
 Elmer Ballard
 Larry Adams
 Virgil Owens
 Harvey L. Kinney
 Max Hamburger
 Thomas Cassidy
 Dorothea Wolbert
 Gus Leonard


Fabian Göranson

Fabian Göranson is a Swedish illustrator and publisher of graphic novels and comics.

His comics have been published in Swedish magazines Galago, Ordfront and Arbetaren.

Bibliography
Kirurgi (2008)
Inferno (2010)

External links
 Kolik Förlag
 Private blog


Lakeshore Boulevard (Toronto)

#REDIRECT Lake Shore Boulevard


Ermelinda DeLaViña

Ermelinda DeLaViña is an American mathematician specializing in graph theory.
She is a professor in the Computer and Mathematical Sciences Department of the University of Houston–Downtown, where she is also Associate Dean of the College of Science and Technology.

Education
DeLaViña grew up in a working-class family in Texas, with roots stretching back for five generations there. Her parents came from Bishop, Texas, but raised her in Houston. Inspired by a 9th-grade algebra teacher, she aimed for a college education despite the discouragement of her school counselors. She started her undergraduate studies at the University of Houston, but dropped out after one term, and after working for two years began again at the University of Texas–Pan American, where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in mathematics and a minor in computer science in 1989, becoming the first in her family with a college degree.
She returned to graduate school at the University of Houston and completed a Ph.D. in mathematics there in 1997. Her doctoral supervisor was Siemion Fajtlowicz, with whom she worked on the Graffiti computer program for automatically formulating conjectures in graph theory.

Career
After completing her doctorate, DeLaViña became an assistant professor at the University of Houston–Downtown. She was promoted to full professor there in 2010, and became associate dean in 2012.

Contributions
One of DeLaViña's results in graph theory is related to an inequality showing that every undirected graph has an independent set that is at least as large as its radius; DeLaViña showed that the graphs with no larger independent set always contain a Hamiltonian path.


Funtown Splashtown USA

Funtown Splashtown USA (commonly referred to as just "Funtown") is a family-owned amusement park located in Saco, Maine, in the United States.

History
In 1960, Ken (October 8, 1932 - January 8, 2013) and Violet Cormier opened Marvel Drive-In, a drive-in restaurant. Ken’s brother-in-law, Andre Dellaire opened a mini-golf course that previous year next to Marvel Drive-In. In 1963, Andre opened a go-kart track behind his mini golf course, and in 1964 Ken added batting cages and an archery range in 1967 behind Marvel Drive In. Over the course of the next few years, Cormier and Dellaire added several kiddie and carnival-style rides including SkySlides and Swinging Gyms. A gift shop was also opened.

In 1967, Cormier and Dellaire formed a partnership and Funtown U.S.A. was born. Over the next few years, Funtown added a Zipper, outdoor bumper cars, and a Bayern Kurve named “Luv Machine”.

In 1996, Cormier bought out the remaining Dellaire interest at the park and renamed it to Funtown Splashtown U.S.A. with the addition of the waterpark.

Featured attractions
The park features Northern New England’s only wooden roller coaster, Excalibur, as well as New England's longest and tallest log flume, Thunder Falls. It also has a  Drop Tower called Dragon's Descent.

One of the park's most popular rides is the Astrosphere, which is an indoor Scrambler which features a state-of-the-art laser and light show while playing ELO's Fire on High.

The Splashtown segment features Pirate's Paradise, a large interactive waterpark playground which dumps hundreds of gallons of water onto its guests every few minutes. For the 2007 season, an expansion was built that doubled the size of the waterpark and added two new thrill slides, Tornado and Mammoth. An additional expansion in 2012 added another 6 thrill slides to Splashtown.

Current attractions

Funtown USA Rides

Splashtown USA Water Slides and Pools

Former Attractions


1838 Liverpool Town Council election

Elections to Liverpool Town Council were held on Wednesday 1 November 1838. One third of the council seats were up for election, the term of office of each councillor being three years.

There was a by-election in the Castle Street ward.

Five of the seventeen seats were uncontested.

The terms "Whig" and "Reformer" are used interchangeably, although the local press at the time referred exclusively to "Reformers".

After the election, the composition of the council was:

Election result

Ward results

* - Retiring Councillor seeking re-election

Abercromby

Castle Street

Everton

Exchange

Great George

Lime Street

North Toxteth

Pitt Street

Rodney Street

Aldermanic Elections

On 9 November 1838, the term of office of eight of the sixteen aldermen expired.

The following were elected as Aldermen until 9 November 1844.

* - re-elected Alderman.


2020 FINA Marathon Swim World Series

The 2020 FINA Marathon Swim World Series took place from 15 February to 24 October 2020. It's the 14th edition of the FINA-sanctioned series, and included ten events.

Calendar

The calendar for the 2020 series was announced by FINA on 10 December 2019.

Medal summary

Men

Women

Medal table


Blessing in disguise

A blessing in disguise is an English language idiom referring to the idea that something that appears to be a misfortune can have unexpected benefits. It first appeared in James Hervey's hymn "Since all the downward tracts of time" in 1746, and is in current use in everyday speech and as the title of creative works such as novels, songs and poetry.

Origins
The phrase originated in the hymn "Since all the downward tracts of time" by James Hervey (1714–1758), first published in "Reflections on a Flower-garden. In a letter to a lady" (1746), a volume in his best known work, Meditations and Contemplations (1746–1747), but composed earlier. In the hymn, Hervey meditated on the wisdom of accepting whatever God, in his infinite wisdom, chose to bestow on us, even things that appeared at first to be negative, because they were "blessings in disguise":

Since all the downward tracts of time
God's watchful eye surveys,
O who so wise to choose our lot
Or to appoint our ways?

Good when He gives, supremely good,
Nor less when He denies;
Ev'n crosses from His sovereign hand
Are blessings in disguise.

Why should we doubt a Father's love,
So constant and so kind?
To His unerring, gracious will
Be every wish resigned.

The draft manuscript of "Reflections on a Flower-garden", along with other works by Hervey, is held by the University of Leeds Special Collections.

Usage
The phrase has been used in a variety of mediums. In 1865, a cartoon titled "Blessings in Disguise" from the American Civil War era showed Confederate states president Jefferson Davis surrounded by cities in which the Confederates had been defeated, asking whether the losses were a "blessing in disguise" that prevented the Confederate Army being stretched too thinly. A Chinese folk tale tells of how an injury saved a man's life by preventing him from being killed in battle. The phrase is expressed in the words An Zhi Fei Fu. In 1900, The British Medical Journal commented on a number of cases where an assault or injury inadvertently led to the curing of a medical condition, describing them as surgical blessings in disguise.

In the modern era, the phrase has been used as the title of multiple books, such as the novel of that name by Danielle Steel (2019), songs by Michael McDonald, Michael Martin Murphy and others, and as the name of a charity.

Related phrases
Related phrases are "count your blessings", meaning to be grateful for the good things that have happened to you and not spending time regretting the bad, and a "mixed blessing", meaning something that has good and bad aspects.


John A. Brieden

John A. Brieden (born John A. Brieden III; 1955) is an American politician who served as the National Commander of The American Legion from 2003 to 2004.

Early life and education
Brieden was born in 1955 and educated at the Calallen High School in Corpus Christi, Texas. After graduating from high school, he moved to College Station to attend the Texas A&M University where he roomed with future Texas Governor Rick Perry. He served in the United States Army for close to five years on active duty, leaving the service with the rank of Captain. Brieden later moved to Brenham, Texas where he opened a State Farm Insurance office.

The American Legion
On August 28, 2003, Brieden was elected National Commander of The American Legion. As such, he directed the nation's largest wartime veterans' organization, representing the interests of 2.8 million U.S. veterans. During his term of office, he lobbied for veterans' benefits and continued support for POW/MIA programs.

Political career
Long involved in Republican party politics, Brieden in 2010 decided to run for Judge of Washington County, Texas. He would go on to defeat his opponent, Joel Romo, in the March 2010 Republican primary with 3,337 votes (56.1%) to 2,608 votes (43.9%). He then won the general election over Democrat John Muegge in the November with 6,895 (65.7%) votes to 3,598 (34.3%).

Military awards
Brieden's decorations include the following:


Coulby Gunther

Coulby Gunther (February 5, 1923 – July 14, 2005) was an American professional basketball player who spent two seasons in the Basketball Association of America (BAA) as a member of the Pittsburgh Ironmen (1946–47) and the St. Louis Bombers (1948–49). He played in the Professional Basketball League of America (PBLA) during the 1947–48 season, where he served as the player-coach of the Atlanta Crackers. Gunther also played for six teams in the American Basketball League (ABL). He attended Boston College.

BAA career statistics

Regular season

Playoffs

External links


Linda Nordlund

Linda Nordlund (born 26 November 1986) is a Swedish politician who was chairperson of the Liberal Youth of Sweden from 2012 to 2015. She succeeded Adam Cwejman as chairperson after the 2012 Liberal Youth of Sweden congress in Uppsala. Before she was elected chairperson she was the vice chairperson of the organisation for several years.

Linda holds a Bachelor of Political Science from Uppsala University, and was an intern at the Swedish representation in the UN.


The Sisterhood: Becoming Nuns

The Sisterhood: Becoming Nuns is an American reality television series that debuted on Lifetime on 25 November 2014. Written by Eric Evangelista and Shannon Evangelista, the show follows five young women as they visit communities of nuns and religious sisters and discern their religious vocations.

Synopsis
The Sisterhood: Becoming Nuns follows five young women in their 20s as they visit different communities of women religious– both nuns and religious sisters. Nuns are cloistered and contemplative, meaning they have little contact with the outside world and spend much of their time in prayer. Religious sisters, on the other hand, are active, meaning they work in ministry outside the convent in addition to prayer.

The five young women visit three communities of sisters over the span of the series. The first community was that of the Carmelite Sisters for the Aged and Infirm in Germantown, New York. The second convent visited was home to the Daughters of St. Mary of Providence in Chicago, Illinois. The third and final community visited were the Sisters of St. Joseph the Worker in Walton, Kentucky.

At these communities, the women work in a variety of different ministries, as well as interacting with the sisters and experiencing community life in the convents. The women also have to deal with homesickness, the leaving behind of most of their possessions, as well as quarrels amongst themselves.

Production
The Sisterhood: Becoming Nuns was written and executive produced by Eric Evangelista and Shannon Evangelista.

Filming was done on site at the convents in Germantown, New York, Chicago, Illinois, and Walton, Kentucky.

Cast
 Francesca DiPaola, a 21-year-old recent college graduate
 Eseni Ellington, a 23-year-old former aspiring model
 Clair Halbur, a 26-year-old parish music minister
 Stacey Jackson, a 26-year-old musical theatre performer
 Christie Young, a 27-year-old country music band member

Episodes

Reception

Negative critics included Jo Piazza, who wrote in The Huffington Post that The Sisterhood will "turn nuns into Kardashians," and "is only going to serve to drag their vocation through the mud." The National Catholic Reporter criticized the series' inaccuracy about religious life, calling it a "glorified speed-dating version of a 'Come and See.'"

In addition, the show came to the attention of many nuns and religious sisters themselves. The International Business Times wrote, "For the most part, the show's first episode was met with positive reviews, although some nuns were hesitant about how the show will unfold."

Nancy deWolf Smith of The Wall Street Journal called the series "entertaining but illuminating". Hank Stuever of The Washington Post called the series is "an illuminating exploration of convent life," writing that the show "conducts itself with reverence and curiosity."


Royal Bank of Scotland plc v Etridge (No 2)

is a leading case relevant for English land law and English contract law on the circumstances under which actual and presumed undue influence can be argued to vitiate consent to a contract.

Facts
In eight joined appeals, homeowners had mortgaged their property to a bank. In all cases, the mortgage was securing a loan that was used by a husband for his business, while his wife had not directly benefited. The businesses had failed, and the wife had alleged that she had been under undue influence to sign the security agreement. Therefore, it was contended that the security should be void over her share of the home's equity and that because of this the house could not be repossessed. In the eighth appeal the core of the action was between the wife and her solicitor (Mr Banks); the bank was not joined as a party.

Reports of the final judgment
Outcomes differed among the eight fact patterns (cases) and three on very particular scenarios.  As such the final appeals are reported together in law reports headed Etridge (or similar) but three reports detail endorsed dissents (with criteria/tests set) in the court below or go into further detail, as endorsed by the House of Lords:
Barclays Bank plc v Coleman & Anor (2000) 3 WLR 405
Bank of Scotland v Bennett (1999) 1 FLR 1115
Kenyon-Brown v Desmond Banks & Co (2000) PNLR 266 on solicitor's advice where acting jointly - including Wilson J imposing Conditions lettered a) to i) in the Court of Appeal, accepted as correct in law in the House of Lords.

Summary of outcomes at final appeal
Appeals allowed
Mrs Wallace
Mrs Bennett
Mrs Harris
Mrs Moore
Desmond Banks & Co (i.e. that solicitors' firm succeeded against the borrower)
Appeals dismissed
Mrs Etridge
Mrs Gill
Mrs Coleman

Judgment
The House of Lords held that for banks to have a valid security they must ensure that their customers have independent legal advice if they are in a couple where the loan will, based on constructive or actual knowledge (either suffices), be used solely for the benefit of one person. A bank (or its solicitor) is "put on inquiry" (fixed with constructive knowledge) that there may be the risk of undue influence or misrepresentation, if they transact for security over a domestic home, but the loan will only benefit one person and not the other. The solicitor who would give independent advice, however, could also be acting as a solicitor for the bank, or both a husband and wife (or either partner). The solicitor would certify that he or she was satisfied that both borrowers had given their fully informed and true consent, although if this ultimately turned out to be wrong, the bank's security would not be affected. Instead, the possibility of an action in professional negligence against the solicitor would arise. This would be a personal action, and so it would not help the family stay in their home. Lord Bingham gave the first judgment, remarking that the principles set down in the opinion of Lord Nicholls commanded "the unqualified support of all members of the House."

Lord Nicholls held that if the banks ensured that the wife had had independent advice, they could not be responsible for that advice being defective. The presumption is rebutted if there is ‘expression of… free will’. The idea of manifest disadvantage for presumed undue influence was rejected but replaced (like the milder tone in Allcard v Skinner) with a transaction that ‘calls for explanation’, or one which ‘is not readily explicable by the relationship between the parties.’ In the ordinary case it is not ‘to be regarded as a transaction which, failing proof to the contrary, is explicable only on the basis that it has been procured by the exercise of undue influence.’ That is because it is nothing out of the ordinary. You are put on inquiry whenever a wife offers to stand as surety for her husband’s, or a company’s debts, where the loan is only going to be for the husband’s purposes. Once on inquiry, the bank must ensure that the spouse has independent advice and a certification that they have formed a truly independent judgment.

Lord Clyde gave a short judgment, followed by Lord Hobhouse who cast doubt on the utility of class 2B, identified in O'Brien. Lord Hobhouse summarised the outcomes of each claim.

Lord Scott gave a judgment dealing extensively with the particular facts of each claim.


Lev Razumovsky

Lev Razumovsky (1926 – 2006) was a Russian sculptor, painter, graphic artist, medal and toy designer, and writer.

Biography
Lev Razumovsky was born in Leningrad, USSR on May 1, 1926.

He survived the Siege of Leningrad. In 1943, aged 17, he was drafted to the army, was seriously wounded in a battle near Petrozavodsk losing his left arm.

In 1945, despite his disability, he entered the Leningrad College of Art and Design (now the Saint Petersburg Art and Industry Academy) to become a sculptor.

His diploma work, the Pilot (cast bronze, 1953), was installed in Victory Park in Leningrad, now St. Petersburg.

In 1955, Razumovsky was admitted to the Union of Artists of Russia. In sculpture, he worked in various genres: monuments, park sculpture, portraits, compositions, small-size sculpture, and medals. War and the Holocaust were major themes in his work. Five sculptures by Lev Razumovsky have been acquired by the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.

Bulat Okudzhava wrote a letter to Lev Razumovsky about his sculpture composition "The Roads of War" (1980):

Lev Razumovsky was a professional toy designer: his toys were produced in large quantities by toy factories of Leningrad and Moscow.

He took part in numerous exhibitions – local, national and international.

His works are displayed in Russian museums and in private collections in Russia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, Germany, Hungary, Israel, and the US.

His memoirs about the siege and the army were published in the 1990s. He has also written about 100 short stories.

In 1997, a video was made by Alexander Gref where Lev demonstrates self-invented devices helping one-armed people to manage in everyday life without having to ask someone for help. Initially, this video was meant as an aid for disabled people. In 2011, it was used for a short documentary Life of Full Value.

Andrew Bernhardt, London:

Works

Notes

Bibliography
 Нас время учило // Нева, 1995, № 11-12 (in Russian) We Learned from the Times. War memoirs. The Neva magazine No. 11-12, 1995.
 Дети блокады // Нева, 1999, № 1 (in Russian) Children of the Siege. Memoirs. The Neva magazine No. 9, 1999.
 Памяти Володи Татаровича // Крещатик, 2002, № 15 (in Russian) In Memory of Volodya Tatarovich. The Kreschatik magazine No. 15, 2002.
 Паренек из Великих Лук // Нева, 2004, № 9 (in Russian) The Chap from Velikie Luki. The Neva magazine No. 9, 2004.
 Моя коллекция (in Russian) My Collection. Short stories.


Frankie & Benny's

Frankie & Benny's is a chain of Italian-American-themed restaurants in the United Kingdom, with () 236 outlets nationwide, run by The Restaurant Group.

The first location opened in 1995 in Leicester, but by February 2020, the chain had 236 locations across the UK.

The years 2015 and 2016 proved tough for Frankie & Benny's, as profits slumped. This was blamed on poor management of the company and an unnecessary rise in menu prices. Owners, The Restaurant Group attempted to reinvent the brand in January 2017, which introduced a new menu in March 2017. in 2019, 18 branches were closed and in February 2020 The Restaurant Group announced that further closures were planned to take place by the end of 2021.

Story
In Frankie & Benny's branches, on menus, and on their official website, the fictional story about the restaurant's origins is presented. The story is that in 1924, at the age of 10, Frankie left Sicily with his parents and moved to “Little Italy” in New York City. Within a year of moving, the family had opened a restaurant, everybody helping with the building and the cooking in equal measure. Frankie went to the nearby high school and became lifelong friends with Benny, already a third-generation American. The business was taken over by Frankie and Benny in 1953, and combines popular American food with traditional Italian dishes.

Menu
The Frankie & Benny's menu offers:
Breakfast including full English, egg dishes and waffles
Burgers
Pasta dishes including lasagne, Spaghetti Carbonara and Spaghetti Arrabbiata
Pizzas
Desserts including cheesecakes and ice cream sundaes

Seven new vegan dishes were added to the menu in January 2020.

Controversy
In 2014, a Frankie & Bennys customer complained after he was served a crab dish containing surimi. The item was eventually removed from the menu.

In November 2015 the chain was given the lowest rating (red) in an assessment of the sustainability of its seafood products.

In December 2017 an alcoholic drink was served to a four-year-old girl in a Warrington branch. A spokesman for the chain apologised for the incident which was described as a "genuine human error."


Byzantine Institute of America

The Byzantine Institute of America is an organization founded for the preservation of Byzantine art and architecture.

History
Working with the Turkish government and President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, its greatest notable success is the preservation of the mosaics in Hagia Sophia starting in June 1931.  The institute is located in the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, in Washington, D.C.  The institute's founder was the scholar and archaeologist Thomas Whittemore.

External links
 Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, in Washington, DC.  http://www.doaks.org/
 Work of the Byzantine Institute in Hagia Sophia
 Notes on the work of the Byzantine Institute in Istanbul 1957-1959

Institute


Social Action Party (Colombia)

The Social Action Party (Partido de Accion Social) is a political party in Colombia. At the last legislative elections, 12 March 2006, the party won 1 seat in the Chamber of Representatives.


Gerardus Johannes Berenschot

Lieutenant General Gerardus Johannes Berenschot (Solok, July 24, 1887 – Kemayoran, Batavia (Jakarta), October 13, 1941) was Commander-in-Chief of the Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger (Royal Netherlands East Indies Army; KNIL). An Indo – as Eurasians of Indonesian and Dutch descent – Berenschot was the son of a Dutch officer in the KNIL.

G. J. Berenschot was the son of Gerrit Hendrik Berenschot and Florence Mildred Rappa. At the age of 15, he was sent to the Netherlands, where he attended cadet school at Alkmaar. He later entered the Royal Military College, from which he graduated first in his class. He was the only commander of Indonesian descent (Indo) in the Dutch East Indies.

Upon graduation, he returned to his native East Indies where he distinguished himself as a young subaltern serving in the KNIL during the bloody campaigns in Aceh.

In 1934 he became the KNIL's Chief of the General Staff and, in July 1939, was promoted to Commander-in-Chief.

Berenschot was regarded as a gifted officer with organisational skills and possibly the best Commander-in-Chief the KNIL ever had. Not only was he a skilled soldier, Berenschot also displayed an impressive understanding of politics and diplomacy. Following the fall of the Netherlands in 1940, Berenschot participated in conferences involving Allied leaders at Singapore, where he was well liked and well regarded by his British and US counterparts.

On October 13, 1941, the plane carrying Bereschot back from a conference with British Air Chief Marshal Robert Brooke-Popham crashed in the suburbs of Batavia. There were no survivors. By order of the colonial authorities, all flags on public buildings were hung at half-mast. Berenschot's remains were buried in the cemetery at Bandung.

Bereschot's post of Commander-in-Chief of the KNIL was given to Lieutenant General Hein ter Poorten, who had the difficult task of preparing the East Indies for the looming war with Japan.

Berenschot was married and with three children. His brother was Berend Willem Berenschot.

Awards and decorations
 Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau
 Knight of the Order of the Dutch Lion
 Decoration for Long Service as an Officer
 Expedition Cross with clasps "Atjeh 1906–1910" and "Atjeh 1911–1914" and Honorable Mention Crown

External links
 Short biography


The 1996 Rover British Clay Court Championships was a women's tennis tournament played on outdoor clay courts in Cardiff in Wales that was part of Tier IV of the 1996 WTA Tour. It was the inaugural edition of the tournament and was held from 14 to 19 May 1996. Fifth-seeded Dominique Van Roost won the singles title.

Finals

Singles

 Dominique Van Roost defeated  Laurence Courtois 6–4, 6–2
 It was Van Roost's only title of the year and the 2nd of her career.

Doubles

 Katrina Adams /  Mariaan de Swardt defeated  Els Callens /  Laurence Courtois 6–0, 6–4
 It was Adams' 2nd title of the year and the 19th of her career. It was de Swardt's only title of the year and the 2nd of her career.


Personal (album)

Personal is the debut studio album by the American vocal group Men of Vizion. It was released on June 18, 1996 via Michael Jackson's record label, MJJ Music, after a demo tape was played to him by producer Teddy Riley. The album has been described as a "sumptuous blend" of vocal R&B and "90s production techniques", that alternates between smooth ballads and new jack swing.

Personal received mixed reviews from music critics, with some critics noting similarities between the group and Boyz II Men. Some critics felt as if the material was unmemorable versions of Boyz II Men songs, while others felt that Personal was highly different from the music at the time. The album only managed to chart in the United States, where it peaked at 14 on the Billboard Heatseekers Albums, 29 on the Billboard R&B Albums and 186 on the Billboard Top 200. Two singles were released to promote the album: "House Keeper" and "Do Thangz". The former was a commercial success, peaking at number 13 on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and at 67 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.

Development and composition

Composed of George Spencer III, Corley Randolph, Desmond T. Greggs, Brian L. Dermus and lead singer Prathan "Spanky" Williams, Men of Vizion were formed in the early 1990s in Brooklyn, New York. Their vocal R&B harmonies impressed American entertainer Michael Jackson, who signed the group to his record label, MJJ Music, after a demo tape was played to him by producer Teddy Riley in 1993. Greggs told Billboard magazine that the band is "here to prove that intimate songwriting in R&B is coming back". He concluded by stating that the band was writing songs "that everyone will understand".

Personal is a "sumptuous blend" of vocal R&B and "90s production techniques", that alternates between smooth ballads and new jack swing. The album incorporates all of the band's beliefs and emotions, from love, romance and sensitivity. "House Keeper" is a story of reversal of the traditional roles that men and women play in relationships. The rest of the album "rolls along similarly", with the songs "Forgive Me", "Joyride" and "Do Thangz", a mid-tempo song on which the group pay homage to the females in their lives. A cover of The Jackson 5's 1977 hit single "Show You the Way to Go" is included on the album. The cover was originally recorded and released on the soundtrack of the 1995 film Money Train.

Release and promotion

Originally set for release on May 14, 1996, Personal was released by MJJ Music, 550 Music and Epic Records on June 18. The album debuted at 186 on the Billboard Top 200 for the chart issued on July 6. It exited the chart the following week, to re-enter at the same position for the chart issued on July 20. The album spent a total of four weeks in the chart, before its exit on the week of August 10. Personal debuted at its peak position of 29 on the U.S. Billboard R&B Albums on the chart issued on July 6. Spending a total of ten weeks on the R&B Albums chart, the album received its final position of 87 on the chart issued on September 7. Personal debuted at 14 on U.S. Billboard Heatseekers Album chart on the chart issued on July 6. It dropped to 16 in the following week, before moving back to the 14th position on July 20, where it stayed for a second week. The album exited the Heatseekers Album chart on the week of September 7, spending a total of nine weeks on it.

"House Keeper" was released as the lead single from the album on April 9, 1996. To promote the single, tying in with the song's lyric play on reversed gender roles, the group performed track dates at "ladies only" functions. The trek was sponsored by major-market radio stations. The song peaked at number 13 on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks and at 67 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100. An accompanying music video for "House Keeper" was directed by Jesse Vaughan. "Do Thangz" was released as the second, and final, single from the album on October 8, 1996. It peaked at number 53 on the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks. An accompanying music video for the song was directed by Lionel C. Martin.

Critical reception

Darryl Scipio of Vibe stated unlike "today's masculine R&B" that is "laden with jokers who sing of little but freekin' girls—and then of keeping it on the down-low", Personal doesn't use "wordy descriptions of sex to get you in the mood to dance". Scipio stated that all 12 songs on the album feature "tight, bouncy production" and that all the members of the group sing confidently; "there are no weak vocals here". He cited "House Keeper" and "Personal" as having the most soul, "but the rest stand solidly". He concluded his review of the album by stating that: "These visionaries are definitely a sound for sore ears". Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic compared the group and the musical style of Personal to that of Boyz II Men. Erlewine stated that where Boyz II Men have first-rate professional songwriters and producers, Men of Vizion merely have "competent hacks", which means that "no matter how hard the group tries, they can't make any of these songs memorable". Jai Henry of The Daily Cougar commented that although at times they sound "a little too much" like Blackstreet, Men of Vizion "definitely have their own sound".

Jean A. Williams of the Chicago Sun-Times remarked that while the group demonstrates "good, strong and genuine vocal ability" on the album, what they need is "something to set them apart from the proliferation of male harmony groups of the R&B/soul persuasion". Williams complimented the group's cover of "Show You the Way to Go" as a "nice effort" but called "House Keeper" derivative. Ray Marcano of the Dayton Daily News wrote that the album's ballads - especially "That's Alright" and "When You Need Someone" - have "terrific melodies and wonderful hooks that will easily keep listeners' attention". Marcano was, however, critical of the group's indistinct harmonies and said their vocals need to be "a bit sharper".
Jerome Cannon of the Chattanooga Times Free Press complimented Men of Vizion's harmonies on "It's Alright" and said that what caught his attention about the album was that the group were "not caught up in what every other new male group is trying to do, and that is to imitate Boyz II Men".

Track listing
 "That's Alright" (Prathan Williams) – 5:35
 "Instant Love" (Teddy Riley, Prathan Williams, Chauncey Hannibal, Rodney Jerkins) – 5:41
 "House Keeper" (Teddy Riley, Sherri Blair, George Spencer III) – 4:33
 "When You Need Someone" (Prathan Williams) – 6:47
 "Forgive Me" (Prathan Williams) – 5:44
 "Personal" (Bob Kirschner, Y. Babatunde, Prathan Williams, Sydney Joseph, Jr.) – 6:33
 "Joyride" featuring Tasha Scott (Alexander Richbourg) – 4:30
 "You Told Me You Loved Me" (Prathan Williams, Bob Kirschner, Y. Babatunde) – 5:47
 "Do Thangz" (Teddy Riley, Sherri Blair, Chris Smith, Menton Smith) – 5:02
 "Show You the Way to Go" (Kenny Gamble, Leon Huff) – 5:28
 "It's Only Just a Dream" (Teddy Riley, Sherri Blair, Prathan Williams, George Spencer III, Corley Randolph) – 4:44
 "Night and Day" (Teddy Riley, Corley Randolph, Desmond Greggs, Leon Sylvers IV) – 4:34

Charts

Personnel
Credits for Personal adapted from AllMusic.

 Brian Deramus – Vocals
 Kenneth Gamble – Composer
 Kenny Gamble – Composer
 Serban Ghenea – Engineer, mixing
 Franklin Grant – Remixing
 Desmond Greggs – Composer
 Gene Griffin – Remixing
 John Hanes – Engineer, Mixing
 Chauncey Hannibal – Composer
 Leon Huff – Composer
 Rodney Jerkins – Producer
 Sydney "J.R." Joseph – Mixing, remixing
 George Mayers – Engineer, Mixing
 Men of Vizion – Primary artist, producer, vocals (background)
 Nutta Butta – Guest artist, vocals
 Gene Peoples – Producer
 Alexander Richbourg – Composer, Producer
 Teddy Riley – Engineer, Mixing, Producer
 Tasha Scott –  Featured artist, Guest artist, vocals
 Chris "Lil" Smith – Producer
 M. Smith – Composer
 George Spencer – Vocals
 Leon F. Sylvers III – Composer
 P. "Spanky" Williams – Assistant engineer, composer, engineer, mixing, producer, vocals
 Sprague Williams – Assistant engineer


Westover, Alabama

Westover is a city in Shelby County, Alabama, United States. The city is part of the Birmingham–Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city was officially incorporated on January 31, 2001 although it was established in 1901  and had a population of 961 when it was incorporated in 2001.

History

One structure in Westover, the Archer House, is listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage.

Geography
Westover is located at .

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which  is land and  is water.

Westover is located along the busy U.S. Highway 280 corridor in the northeastern quadrant of Shelby County. Via US 280, downtown Birmingham is 26 mi (42 km) northwest, and Harpersville is 5 mi (8 km) east. The Westover City Fire Department is rated a 3/3X by ISO.

Pine Mountain Preserve, the largest development of its kind ever built in the State of Alabama, is an Eddleman Properties development which has been announced. It is on 6,500 acres of property in the City of Westover including a "Town Center". The "Town Center" includes parks, City development sites (City Hall, Library, Fire Stations, etc.), multiple school sites and commercial.

Education

The Shelby County School system covers the City of Westover as well as several area private schools. On July 19, 2011 the City Council passed a Resolution identifying multiple properties, within the Chelsea Area School Zone, available for donation to the Shelby County Board of Education.

Demographics

The City of Westover has experienced significant growth over the last few years. The newest residential subdivisions in the City of Westover include Chelsea Square, Carden Crest, The Villages of Westover, Willow Oaks and Yellowleaf Farms. Over seventy-five percent on the property in the City is owned by residential and or commercial developers.

Government
Larry Riggins, a Westover resident since 1997, was elected mayor of the city in 2016 after many residents became distrustful of the former mayor J. Mark McLaughlin. Mayor Riggins served on the City Council for two terms prior to being elected as mayor. Former mayor J. Mark McLaughlin served as mayor from 2004 to 2016 and chaired the Planning Commission from 2002-2004.

Notable person
Jim Bragan, former college baseball and minor league baseball president
Matt Guerrier, former major league baseball pitcher


Intergovernmentalism

In political science, intergovernmentalism treats states, and national governments in particular, as the primary actors in the integration process. Intergovernmentalist approaches claim to be able to explain both periods of radical change in the European Union because of converging governmental preferences and periods of inertia because of diverging national interests. Intergovernmentalism is distinguishable from realism and neorealism because of its recognition of the significance of institutionalisation in international politics and the impact of domestic politics upon governmental preferences.

Regional integration

European Integration
The best-known example of regional integration is the European Union (EU), an economic and political intergovernmental organisation of 27 member states, all in Europe. The EU operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states. Institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central Bank, the Court of Auditors, and the European Parliament. The European Parliament is elected every five years by EU citizens. The EU's de facto capital is Brussels.

The EU has developed a single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states. Within the Schengen Area (which includes 22 EU and 4 non-EU European states) passport controls have been abolished. EU policies favour the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within its boundaries, enact legislation in justice and home affairs, and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development.

A monetary union, the eurozone, was established in 1999 and is composed of 17 member states. Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy the EU has developed a role in external relations and defence. Permanent diplomatic missions have been established around the world. The EU is represented at the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the G8 and the G-20.

Intergovernmentalism represents a way for limiting the conferral of powers upon supranational institutions, halting the emergence of common policies. In the current institutional system of the EU, the European Council and the Council play the role of the institutions which have the last word about decisions and policies of the EU, institutionalizing a de facto intergovernmental control over the EU as a whole, with the possibility to give more power to a small group of states. This extreme consequence can create the condition of supremacy of someone over someone else violating the principle of a "Union of Equals".

African Integration

The African Union (AU, or, in its other official languages, UA) is a continental intergovernmental union, similar but less integrated to the EU, consisting of 54 African states. The AU was established on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and launched on 9 July 2002 in South Africa to replace the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). The most important decisions of the AU are made by the Assembly of the African Union, a semi-annual meeting of the heads of state and government of its member states. The AU's secretariat, the African Union Commission, is based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.


Pierre Haski

Pierre Haski (born 8 April 1953 in Tunis) is a French journalist, co-founder of Rue 89. He was deputy editor of Libération from January 2006 till his departure in 2007 from the daily.

Life
Haski started his career in 1974 as a journalist for the Agence France-Presse (AFP), and was its correspondent in South Africa from 1976 to 1980. He then joined the staff of the daily Libération in 1981. At first responsible of the Africa section, he then was charged of its diplomatic section between 1988 and 1993. Haski went on a number of international assignments, corresponding from South Africa, Jerusalem (1993–1995), and China (2000–2005), and serving as head of the foreign correspondent division from 1995 to 2000.  He was stationed in Beijing from 2000 through 2005, during which he posted a blog on the newspaper's website, Mon Journal de Chine ("My Journal from China"), which access was blocked by the Chinese authorities. During his time in China, he came across the diary of a schoolgirl in a remote province, which he edited and published in the West as The Diary of Ma Yan. From January 2006 to 2007, he was deputy chief-editor of Libération.

In the turmoil of the crisis at Libération, he resigned from his functions in 2007 and co-founded, in March 2007, the Internet newspaper Rue 89, along with Arnaud Aubron, Michel Lévy-Provençal, Laurent Mauriac, Nicole Pénicaut and Pascal Riché. In September 2007, he also worked for Europe 1 radio.

Books
Ma, Yan, and Pierre Haski (2005). The Diary of Ma Yan: The Struggles and Hopes of a Chinese Schoolgirl. HarperCollins. . .


Referendums in Taiwan

Referendums in Taiwan at both the  and local level are governed by the Referendum Act of Taiwan, which was enacted by the Legislative Yuan in December 2003. Citizens can propose laws  via referendums at the national and local levels. The Referendum Act also allowed people to make changes or abolish laws by referendums.

History
While the rights of initiatives and referendums are mentioned in the Three Principles of the People and Chapter 9, Article 136 of the Constitution of 1947, a law pertaining specifically to referendums was not enacted until 2003. The Referendum Act was promoted by Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) politicians such as Chai Trong-rong, Lin Yi-hsiung, Yeh Chu-lan, Lu Hsiu-yi, Lin Cho-shui, and the Chen Shui-bian-Annette Lu administration. While both citizens of Taiwan and the Legislative Yuan can initiate the referendum process, the Pan-Blue Coalition held a legislative majority at the time of the act's promulgation, and set an extremely high bar to prevent its application.

No national referendum question had reached the majority support quota until 2018, when seven questions were approved as part of a ten-question referendum. Three had been successful at the local level. New Power Party, Taiwan Solidarity Union, and some DPP members are major forces in the legislature calling for reform.

The Legislative Yuan revised several sections of the Referendum Act in December 2017. The first round proposal threshold  for national and local referendums were cut from 0.1 to 0.01 percent of the electorate in the most recent presidential election, and the second tier proposal threshold for referendums was lowered from 5 to 1.5 percent of the electorate. Additionally, referendums will be declared passed if a majority of voters vote for propositions, and the number of agreeing votes reaches 25 percent of the electorate, instead of 50 percent.

Several amendments to the Referendum Act were proposed in June 2019, among them a requirement for voters to provide a photocopy of their National Identification Card when voting on referendums. An amendment to separate election years from referendum years was passed, and will take effect in August 2021. The same amendment also limited referendum voting to every two years, and mandated a specific date for the vote, the fourth Saturday in August, putting the next referendum on 28 August 2021.

National referendums

Referendums
There have been sixteen national referendums in Taiwan. During the first six, two referendum questions were asked in each of three national elections:
 2004 Taiwanese cross-Strait relations referendum (March)
 2008 Taiwanese transitional justice referendum (January)
 2008 Taiwanese United Nations membership referendums (March)

In each of these six national referendums, "Yes" votes won a majority over "No" votes. However, the referendum results were invalidated each time due to low turnout rate. According to the Referendum Law, 50% turnout of qualified voters is required for the referendum to be valid. The threshold has yet to be reached, as the Kuomintang asked its supporters to boycott each referendum. Therefore, the removal of the turnout restriction in the referendum law has been proposed. Several provisions regarding turnout were amended by the Legislative Yuan in December 2017.

Following amendments to the Referendum Act, ten questions were asked during the 2018 Taiwanese referendum, held alongside local and municipal elections.

Referendum proposals
A national referendum on the state of Kuomintang party assets was proposed in 2006. The Act Governing the Handling of Ill-gotten Properties by Political Parties and Their Affiliate Organizations was promulgated by the Legislative Yuan in July 2016 to handle the issue instead.

In 2010, the Referendum Review Committee, then controlled by the Pan-Blue Coalition, rejected several referendum proposals against the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, signed in 2010. despite the collection of nearly 200,000 signatures supporting a referendum on Cross-Strait economic pacts. Public opinion surveys show a majority of respondents opposed the signing of the ECFA with China and many experts, politicians, and protesters see a referendum for the ECFA as essential.

In 2016, Kuomintang vice chairman Hau Lung-pin proposed that the fate of a food import ban in place against Japan since the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster be decided via referendum. The Kuomintang legislative caucus moved to reduce turnout restrictions so the food import ban could be considered via referendum, but the proposal did not pass.

Local referendums
From 1990 to 2003, sixteen local referendums were called. Since the Referendum Act passed, four local referendums have been held as of 2016. The first one was held in Kaohsiung in 2008 for reducing the size of classes in elementary school and high school. It was invalid due to its low turnout rate. The other three attempted to legalize casinos and were valid due via special law: the ones held in Penghu in 2009 and 2016 failed while the one held in Lienchiang in 2012 succeeded. No legal casino has yet been established in Taiwan.

Defensive referendum
Article 17 of the Referendum Act states "When the country is under the threat of foreign force and the national sovereignty is likely to be changed, the President may, with the resolution of the meeting of the Executive Yuan, apply the matters regarding the national security to referendum." Such a referendum has not yet been held.


Gamela language

Gamela (Gamella, Acobu, Barbados)  Curinsi or Acobu, is an unclassified and presumably extinct language of the Maranhão region of Northeastern Brazil. It was originally spoken along the Itapecuru River, Turiaçu River, and Pindaré River, with ethnic descendants reported to be living in Cabo and Vianna in Maranhão State.

Kaufman (1994) said that 'only Greenberg dares to classify this language', due to the lack of data on it.

This is presumably the Gamela language of Viana for which 19 words are recorded in Nimuendajú (1937:68).

Other varieties
Below are other extinct varieties, many of which have no data, that may have been related to Gamela.

Arañí - once spoken between the Parnaíba River and Itapecuru River
Puti (Poti) - once spoken at the mouth of the Poti River (unattested)
Anapurú - once spoken on the right bank of the Parnaíba River (unattested)
Uruati - extinct language from the mouth of the Munim River, Maranhão
Cururi - extinct language of the neighbors of the Uruati tribe
Guanare - once spoken between the Itapecuru River and Parnaíba River (unattested)
Coroatá - once spoken on the Itapecuru River, Maranhão (unattested)
Guaxina - once spoken at the mouth of the Itapecuru River (unattested)
Curinsi - an extinct dialect of the Gamela once spoken near Vianna
Tacarijú - once spoken on the Longá River in the state of Piauí (unattested)

Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) gives three words in Gamela:
kokeáto 'pot'
kyoipé 'tree'
anéno 'tobacco'

Gamella of Viana words recorded by Nimuendajú (1937:68) from his informant Maria Cafuza in Viana, Maranhão:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Gamella of Viana
|-
| fire || tatá (< Tupi)
|-
| Gamella man || purú
|-
| Gamella woman || sebú
|-
| Negro || katú-brohó
|-
| White? Indian? || katú-koyaká
|-
| brother-in-law || múisi
|-
| pot || kokeáto
|-
| gourd bowl || kutubé
|-
| club || tamarána (< Tupi)
|-
| knife || kasapó
|-
| jaguar || yopopó
|-
| monkey || kokói (< Timbira)
|-
| horse || pohoné
|-
| cattle || azutí
|-
| domestic fowl || kure:ká
|-
| tree || kyoipé
|-
| tobacco || anéno
|-
| pepper || birizu
|-
| thick || tomabéto
|}


Nicholas Schorsch

Nicholas Sloan "Nick" Schorsch (born March 2, 1961) is an American entrepreneur, investor, and philanthropist.  Schorsch is the Chairman, CEO, and co-founder of the investment services firm American Realty Capital.

Early life
Schorsch was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Irvin G. Schorsch, Jr., and Anita (née Ulick) Schorsch.  He worked for his family's scrap metal business starting at the age of 17, while attending Drexel University full-time, before taking over ownership of the business.  Within six years, he grew the business into a multimillion-dollar enterprise, eventually selling it for a profit of $50 million at age 23.

He next founded Thermal Reduction Corporation, a metal product manufacturing business. Over ten years he built up the company through a series of mergers and acquisitions, eventually selling his interest in 1994.

Early career
In 1995, he and his wife Shelley co-founded the Jenkintown-based American Financial Resource Group, which originally acquired operating companies in the printing, label, and financial services sector. Within two years, the company diversified into the acquisition of commercial real estate properties. In 1998, Schorsch learned of a merger between CoreStates Financial Corporation, a bank with whom he did business, and First Union Corporation.  As a result of the pending merger, 106 of CoreStates' bank branches were set to close. Upon hearing this, Schorsch offered to buy every (vacant) bank branch building.  He recalled in a 2005 interview in The New York Times, "They [the bank] thought I was a crazy man." The $22.3 million deal was completed within 37 days, and within 12 months he sold or leased 95% of the properties.

In 2002, American Financial Resource Group became American Financial Realty Trust, or AFRT. Schorsch served as the company's President, CEO, and Vice Chairman of the Board of Trustees, listing it publicly on the New York Stock Exchange in 2003.  Shortly after, Schorsch was dubbed "The Bankers Landlord" by The Philadelphia Inquirer. In 2006, Schorsch left AFRT.

AR Capital and American Realty Capital Trust
Schorsch moved to New York City in 2007 where he, along with William M. "Bill" Kahane, founded the investment services firm American Realty Capital, later renamed AR Capital as the sponsor expanded into alternative investments vehicles other than commercial real estate. Shortly thereafter, the AR Capital partnership expanded to include Michael Weil, President and Chief Operating Officer, Peter Budko, Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, and Brian Block, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer.  AR Capital's flagship investment program was named American Realty Capital Trust, Inc., or ARCT. Similar to American Financial Realty Trust, ARCT would invest in  single-tenant commercial real estate properties leased to corporate businesses that provided other essential goods and services, such as Walgreens, CVS, Dollar General, and Federal Express. In March 2012, American Realty Capital Trust, Inc., listed on the NASDAQ, providing liquidity for its shareholders.  Schorsch served as Chairman of the company from inception until January 2013, when it merged with Realty Income Corporation (NYSE: O).

Schorsch founded American Realty Capital Properties Inc. or ARCP, later named VEREIT, in 2010. In October 2014, the company admitted to an accounting error of $23 million, leading to significant sales of the company's stock and a drop in its value by $3 billion. The company fired Chief Financial Officer Brian Block after an audit committee investigation, and said that financial information in its 2013 10-K and Q1 and Q2 2014 quarterly reports "should no longer be relied upon." Lawsuits followed, with investors claiming ARCP had misstated financials in order to inflate financial results. In December Schorsch resigned as Chairman.

In September 2019, VEREIT entered into agreements to settle pending class action litigation against it regarding among other things alleged violations of Section 11 of the 1933 Act (In re American Realty Capital Properties, Inc. Litigation and the remaining opt-out actions), at a cost to VEREIT of $765.5 million.  American Realty Capital, led by Schorsch, and its principals paid $225 million towards the settlement.

Realty Capital Securities
In 2008, the five partners of AR Capital used their own funds to create Realty Capital Securities, LLC, or RCS, a broker dealer seven times larger than any other broker-dealer operating in the industry at the time.  Furthermore, they launched not one, but a series of investment programs simultaneously, using the broker-dealer platform to raise capital for other sponsor companies in the industry. This would save sponsors the time, cost and risk of building their own broker-dealer, as well as generate substantial profit for RCS.  In June 2013 Realty Capital Securities announced that it had reached another milestone, $10 billion of raised equity since inception. This coincided with Realty Capital Securities garnering a 53% market share in the real estate managing broker-dealer sales, more than five times that of the next competitor.

New York REIT
On April 15, 2014 New York Recovery REIT, Inc., one of Schorsch's non-traded REIT programs, became New York REIT (NYSE:NYRT), the first traded REIT to acquire real estate exclusively in New York City. The portfolio consists of $2.7 billion worth of New York City properties, notably a $1.45 billion 48.9% stake in One Worldwide Plaza, a mixed use residential and commercial complex. Earlier in the year the fund managed to acquire an office building at 1440 Broadway, pushing into the Times Square sub-market, as well as the leasehold interest in the Viceroy Hotel.

ARC Healthcare Trust listing and sale

On April 7, 2014 Schorsch listed yet another of his companies, American Realty Capital Healthcare Trust, Inc., on the NASDAQ exchange at $10.00 per share (NASDAQ:HCT). In January 2015, this medical-related property portfolio was purchased by Ventas, Inc. (NYSE: VTR) in an approximately $2.6 billion transaction, or at $11.33 per HCT share.

RCS Capital Corporation
In 2013, Schorsch, along with the AR Capital partnership, united their broker-dealer, investment banking, transfer agency and transaction management companies under one holding company named RCS Capital Corporation.  This was made available for public ownership in June 2013, when RCS Capital Corporation successfully closed its initial public offering and listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE: RCAP). Shortly after RCAP's IPO, Schorch announced the acquisition of First Allied Holdings, Inc., together with The Legend Group serving over 1,500 independent financial advisors.  On October 1, 2013, RCS Capital announced the acquisition of The Hatteras Funds Group whose principal business is acting as sponsor, investment adviser and distributor of a family of mutual fund companies. On October 2, 2013, RCS Capital announced the acquisition of Investors Capital Holdings, Ltd. an independent broker-dealer and investment advisory services firm – a four-time winner of Investment Advisor's Broker-Dealer of the Year award. On November 15, RCS Capital announced the acquisition of asset management and investment advisory services firm Summit Financial Services Group, Inc. On January 16, 2014 RCS Capital announced that it had agreed to purchase Cetera Financial Group and on January 17, 2014 announced its similar intention to acquire J.P. Turner & Company for $1.15 billion and $27 million, respectively.  An article by Investment News cited that "If all his deals come to fruition...his network would have close to 9,200 registered representatives and financial advisers producing about $1.73 billion in total annual revenue, placing him in the top tier of independent broker-dealers."

On April 29, 2014, RCAP announced that it had officially completed its acquisition of Cetera Financial Group. On June 11, 2014, the company completed its acquisition of Summit Financial Services Group. Two days later, on June 13, 2014, RCS Capital completed yet another of its previously announced Independent Broker-Dealer acquisitions, closing on J.P.  Turner & Company.

As reported by Yahoo Finance, the RCS Capital share price rose to over $30. per share in 2014 prior to reports of massive insider selling of RCAP. Later, a trade journal, "Investment News", in 2015 disclosed a report of the directors of various non traded REIT's affiliated with the firm had been cashing out of their insider shares using the 5% redemption privilege built into the terms of the offerings. By late 2015 RCAP shares were trading for pennies.

On December 30, 2014, RCS Capital announced that Nicholas S. Schorsch notified the RCS Capital Board of his decision to step down from his position as Director and Executive Chairman of the Board. According to a press release issued by AR Capital, Schorsch has made this decision in order to focus his attention on strategic initiatives and potential liquidity events of closed programs sponsored by AR Capital, and new strategies for the future suite of AR Capital investment programs. Schorsch was succeeded by Mark Auerbach, RCS Capital's former Lead Independent Director, to the role of Chairman, effective immediately.  On January 4, 2016, the NYSE suspended trading of RCAP after RCAP announced it reached an agreement in principle to restructure its debt and intended to file Chapter 11 bankruptcy in late January 2016.

Business approach
Schorsch has managed to influence the non-traded REIT industry in several ways, notably eliminating the "internalization fee" causing other sponsor companies to follow suit. Through American Realty Capital's Best Practice standards, Kahane and Schorsch made the focus on lowering fees a priority, contrary to industry convention.  They proceeded to eliminate payment of asset management fees during the construction of their investment programs. Payment is taken in the form of restricted stock that only vests when "100% of shareholder capital is returned plus payment to investors of an annual 6% cumulative, pre-tax, non-compounded return on the capital contributed by investors." Schorsch is quoted as saying that the internalization fee "made no sense to investors.  There's no logical reason they would pay."

Accolades
He is often characterized as a pioneer in the alternative investment sector of the financial services industry, particularly due to his influence on the commercial real estate investment space. He has received a number of honors and public recognition for his impact on the industry, including the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award in 2003 and the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Lifetime Achievement Award in 2011.  He is also regarded as one of the principal figures contributing to the increased appeal and accessibility of commercial real estate investments to individual investors.

Personal life
Nicholas Schorsch is married to Shelley Davis Schorsch and together they have five children.  He is an avid collector of American muscle cars, high performance cars and foreign sports cars. He is also an art collector, favoring colonial American art and antiques, as well as Modern art.

Philanthropy
Nicholas Schorsch, his wife Shelley and his family support the following academic institutions, charitable causes and charitable foundations:
The Gateway Middle School – Nicholas Schorsch serves on the Board of Trustees for The Gateway Middle School, which he helped found in 2007.  Along with his wife, Shelley, he is a contributor to the school's events and activities.
Drexel University – A Drexel University alumnus, Schorsch joined the Board of Trustees, where his duties as board member include engaging in the strategic planning process of the university.
Hearts of Gold – Nicholas Schorsch is a member of the advisory board and former honorary chair of the charitable organization Hearts of Gold, which fosters a sustainable change in lifestyle and levels of self-sufficiency for NYC's homeless mothers and their children. In 2011, Schorsch was honored with the Hearts of Gold's Angel of the Year award for his supporting the organization.
Historic Williamsburg, Mount Pleasant – In 2000, Nicholas and Shelley bought the historic, 400 acre Mount Pleasant Plantation, and worked toward restoring its historic appearance. Following the restoration of the property, they created the Mount Pleasant Foundation to preserve, support and share with the general public the rich historical resources of the area.  In May 2012, they opened their home to visitors as part of the tour of Thomas Jefferson's life.
The Hewitt School – Nicholas Schorsch is a member of the Board of Trustees for The Hewitt School, an independent school for girls grades K-12.
Sarah Lawrence College – The Alma mater of Nicholas Schorsch Jr., Shelley and Nicholas support Sarah Lawrence College, where Shelly also formerly served as a trustee.
Abington Friends School – Schorsch served as an Assistant Clerk (Assistant Chairman) of the Board of Trustees of Abington Friends School, located in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.


Osta

Osta or OSTA may refer to:

People
 Benedict John Osta (1931–2014), Indian Roman Catholic archbishop
 Eduardo Osta (born 1959), Spanish tennis player
 Jean d'Osta (1909–1993) Belgian writer, journalist, and humorist
 Pavlina Osta (born 1997), American radio personality

Acronym
Ontario Student Trustees' Association
Optical Storage Technology Association
Ottawa Student Transportation Authority


European Land-Robot Trial

The European Land-Robot Trial (ELROB) is a European event which demonstrates the abilities of modern robots.

The ELROB is not a competition, like the US DARPA Grand Challenge, but a pure demonstration of what European robotics is able to achieve today. The scenarios are designed to simulate real world missions, be it military or civilian ones. There are no artificial constraints set to this scenarios to ease the task for the robots like e.g. very visible road markings. This forces the participating teams and systems to fulfil high requirements set by the real world scenarios.

The first ELROB in 2006 was organized by the German Federal Armed Forces and took place on the infantry training area near Hammelburg, 15–18 May 2006. The goal of the first trial was to boost the development of unmanned ground vehicles that could be used in military missions on short notice. The ELROB is an annual event and alternates between a military and a civilian focus each year.

European Robotics and the NATO Research Task Group "Military Applications for Multi-Robot Systems" came up with the idea for ELROB in the year 2004. European Robotics aims to bridge the gap between defence and security (D&S) users, industry and research in the field of ground robotics. The ELROB is a good opportunity to follow these goals.

Because ELROB is meant to be a European trial, only teams from Europe are allowed. But both teams of commercial and academic backgrounds are allowed.

Civilian ELROB
The civilian ELROB (short C-ELROB)  takes place every two years alternating with the military version. It was initiated to allow teams, which are not interested in military missions or cooperation, to attend ELROB, too. Sadly, until today, there is no team that takes part only on the C-ELROB. On the other hand, of course, the defence companies are not that interested in the civilian ELROB. Therefore, the number of teams on C-ELROB is a bit lower than on M-ELROB and organisation is a bit less strict. Most teams do not see C-ELROB as competition or as demonstration, but as possibility to prove their own systems in a challenging field test and new surroundings. It is a great opportunity to learn new things about their robot systems and find new approaches.

ELROB is explicitly designed to shape the direction of R&D for the short and medium term and aims to fertilize the co-operation between research and SMEs.

From 2013 till 2015, instead of C-ELROB the newly created EURATHLON trial will take place, a robot competition supported by the European Commission in the Seventh Framework Programme (FP7).

Scenarios
In general the scenarios should be mastered with maximum autonomy, although teleoperation is allowed. The location for the scenario is kept secret until short before the start of the trials and therefore the teams have no chance to generate a detailed map of the area (for example with laser range finders) ahead of their run. The location is described to the participants by GPS coordinates and aerial imagery.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance
The task in the "Reconnaissance and Surveillance" setting is to reach a given area and explore it. During the exploration special points of interest (normally marked) need to be detected and localized. The position of this points and a photograph should be given to the judges as results of the run. If possible, the robot should return to its starting position, when it finished exploring.

Autonomous Navigation
The aim of the "Autonomous Navigation" scenario is to follow a given route mostly autonomous. The route will be some kilometers in length. During the traversal of the route points of interest (usually marked) need to be found and localised. Again the position and a photograph of the points of interest need to be given to the judges as results of the run.

Camp Security
The "Camp Security" scenario requires the robots to guard a predefined area for the time of the scenario run. During the run (marked) intruders will be entering the area and need to be detected, tracked and pursued. An image of the intruder and its location while it was captured need to be given to the judges as result. Capturing means "drive near the intruder and stop", then the captured intruder will leave the area.

Transport Mule
The "Transport Mule" scenario simulates a shuttle service. The robot should install a shuttle service between two given points as autonomously as possible and shuttle between those points as often as possible during the time of its scenario run.

Past civilian ELROBs

2007

C-ELROB 2007 took place in Monte Ceneri, Swiss (Canton Ticino), 13–16 August. The area of the trials was part of the truck test track of the Swiss army which meant very difficult ground for the vehicles.

With this ELROB the scenario "Autonomous Navigation" was integrated into ELROB for the first time. It was created on public demand to allow bigger vehicles to better show their abilities. Therefore, the track length of "Autonomous Navigation" was several kilometres. Additionally, there were three versions of the "Reconnaissance and Surveillance" setting. The first was in urban area which included intrusion of buildings. The second was placed in non urban area with higher requirements on the off-road mobility of the vehicles and the third one concentrated on the combination of UGVs and UAVs. All scenario run times were limited to 45 minutes.

The result of C-ELROB 2007 was, that there are some semi-autonomous assistance functions ready. Most vehicles managed to drive in difficult outdoor terrain, too. But some of the teams were surprised by reality and had severe problems with radio communication and battery power.

There were 14 participating teams in total. Nine of the teams came from Germany, two from Poland and one from Finland, Swiss and Portugal, respectively.

2009

The C-ELROB 2009 took place in Oulu, Finland, 15–17 June. The area of the trials was a former zoo and a part of a public forest near the University of Oulu.

The scenarios were very similar to the ones on the military ELROB 2008. This was due to public demand of the participants who requested more continuity in the scenarios to have the chance to catch up with the requirements of a scenario and not be confronted with different scenarios and requirements each year. Therefore, there were the "Reconnaissance and Surveillance", "Autonomous Navigation", "Camp Security" and "Transport Mule" scenarios. Additionally, all points of interest and the intruders in the "Camp Security" scenario were marked with ERICards, because computer vision was no focus of the trials. The run time of the scenarios was limited to 60 minutes.

ELROB 2009 was attended by ten teams. Seven teams came from Germany and one from France, Poland and Finland, each.

Military ELROB
The military ELROB (short M-ELROB) has a sharp focus on short-term realisable systems which are able to fulfil the requirements of common military tasks. Therefore, the scenarios simulate real world missions as close as possible which is reflected by the fact that members of the Bundeswehr are part of the organisation committee. The organisers do not place artificial constraints on the scenarios regardless of the abilities of the robots. One example was the very bad radio communication encountered during M-ELROB 2008, because most trials took place in the forest. M-ELROB is explicitly designed to assess current technology to solve real world problems at hand.

M-ELROB is a tool to bring together users, researchers and industry.

Scenarios
The scenarios of the M-ELROBs correspond to real military situations like Reconnaissance and Surveillance missions. In general the scenarios should be mastered with maximum autonomy, although teleoperation is allowed. The location for the scenario is kept secret until short before the start of the trials and therefore the teams have no chance to generate a detailed map of the area (for example with laser range finders) ahead of their run. The location is described to the participants by GPS coordinates and aerial imagery.

Reconnaissance and Surveillance
The task in the "Reconnaissance and Surveillance" setting is to reach a given area and explore it. During the exploration special points of interest (normally marked) need to be detected and localized. The position of this points and a photograph should be given to the judges as results of the run. If possible, the robot should return to its starting position, when it finished exploring.

Autonomous Navigation
The aim of the "Autonomous Navigation" scenario is to follow a given route mostly autonomous. The route will be some kilometers in length. During the traversal of the route points of interest (usually marked) need to be found and localised. Again the position and a photograph of the points of interest need to be given to the judges as results of the run.

Camp Security
The "Camp Security" scenario requires the robots to guard a predefined area for the time of the scenario run. During the run (marked) intruders will be entering the area and need to be detected, tracked and pursued. An image of the intruder and its location while it was captured need to be given to the judges as result. Capturing means "drive near the intruder and stop", then the captured intruder will leave the area.

Transport Convoy
The "Transport Convoy" mission requests at least two vehicles to be navigated, as fast as possible, to a target position which is several kilometres away. A payload of about 50 kg needs to be transported. At most one of the vehicles may be controlled by human, which may reduce the task for the robot to autonomously follow a vehicle. Of course two (or more) completely autonomously vehicles are better.

Transport Mule
The "Transport Mule" scenario simulates a shuttle service. The robot should install a shuttle service between two given points as autonomously as possible and shuttle between those points as often as possible during the time of its scenario run.

Past military ELROBs

2006

The M-ELROB 2006 took place in Hammelburg on the training area of the infantry school of the German Forces, 15–18 May.

M-ELROB 2006 was the first ELROB and was utilized to paint a picture of the possibilities of modern robotics. The scenarios were concentrated on navigation. One was located in urban terrain which includes intrusion into buildings. The other scenario took place outdoors on a more challenging ground with mud and very steep slopes. Both scenarios fall into the category "Reconnaissance and Surveillance", although there were no points of interest that needed to be found. The time limit was 30 minutes.

The result of M-ELROB 2006 was disillusioning. Most of the teams had to fight hardware failures and all were remote controlled via WLAN. All in all 18 teams were participating, eleven German teams, three from the UK, two from Swiss and one from Portugal and France, each.

2008

Again, the M-ELROB 2008 took place in Hammelburg on the training area of the infantry school of the German Forces form 30 June till 3 July. But it took place on a different part of the training area which was more challenging and hindered radio communication because of the dense forest.

The scenarios were much more manifold than in 2006 and 2007. There were "Reconnaissance and Surveillance", "Autonomous Navigation", "Transport Convoy", "Transport Mule" and "Camp Security". This scenarios required very diverse abilities from the robot systems. Additionally one special session of the "Reconnaissance and Surveillance" scenario took place at night time, so vision systems were unusable. The run time limit was 60 minutes for a scenario run.

The results of ELROB 2008 showed that remote controlled UGVs are more or less ready for deployment, but the radio communication places severe constraints on the usability of such systems. With semi autonomous assistance functions, like e.g. waypoint navigation, the robot system is much more useful while encountering bad radio communication.

M-ELROB 2008 was attended by 17 teams. Eleven from Germany, two from the UK and one from Italy, the Netherlands, France and Finland, respectively.

2010
The military ELROB 2010 took place from June 17 to 20 2010 on the army training area near Hammelburg in Germany.

Next military ELROB

2012
The military ELROB 2012  took place from September 24 to 28 2012 on the training area of the Swiss Army near Thun in Switzerland.


Justin Lemberg

Justin William Lemberg (born 23 August 1966) was an Australian middle-distance swimmer of the 1980s, who won a bronze medal in the 400-metre freestyle, swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.  He was coached by the flamboyant Laurie Lawrence.

Born and raised in Brisbane, Queensland, Lemberg put in the best performance of his life to improve his Australian record by more than two seconds to claim bronze, just 0.56 seconds behind the American duo of George DiCarlo and John Mykkanen.  He also competed in the 200-metre and 1500-metre freestyle events, but was eliminated in the heats.  He narrowly missed a second bronze, coming fourth as part of the 4x200-metre freestyle relay.


DWLC (disambiguation)

DWLC is a callsign of three different broadcast stations:
 DWLC an AM radio station in Lucena City
 DWLC-TV a Studio 23 station in Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
 DWLC-TV (GMA) a GMA Network station in Lucena City


Seorsumuscardinus

Seorsumuscardinus is a genus of fossil dormice from the early Miocene of Europe. It is known from zone MN 4 (see MN zonation) in Oberdorf, Austria; Karydia, Greece; and Tägernaustrasse-Jona, Switzerland, and from zone MN 5 in a single site at Affalterbach, Germany. The MN 4 records are placed in the species S. alpinus and the sole MN 5 record is classified as the species S. bolligeri. The latter was placed in a separate genus, Heissigia, when it was first described in 2007, but it was reclassified as a second species of Seorsumuscardinus in 2009.

The two species of Seorsumuscardinus are known from isolated teeth, which show that they were medium-sized dormice with flat teeth. The teeth are all characterized by long transverse crests coupled with shorter ones. One of these crests, the anterotropid, distinguishes the two species, as it is present in the lower molars of S. alpinus, but not in those of S. bolligeri. Another crest, the centroloph, reaches the outer margin of the first upper molar in S. bolligeri, but not in S. alpinus. Seorsumuscardinus may be related to Muscardinus, the genus of the living hazel dormouse, which appears at about the same time, and the older Glirudinus.

Taxonomy
In 1992, Thomas Bolliger described some teeth of Seorsumuscardinus from the Swiss locality of Tägernaustrasse (MN 4; early Miocene, see MN zonation) as an indeterminate dormouse (family Gliridae) perhaps related to Eomuscardinus. Six years later, Hans de Bruijn named the new genus and species Seorsumuscardinus alpinus on the basis of material from Oberdorf in Austria (also MN 4) and included fossils from Tägernaustrasse and from Karydia in Greece (MN 4) in Seorsumuscardinus. In 2007, Jerome Prieto and Madeleine Böhme named Heissigia bolligeri as a new genus and species from Affalterbach in Bavaria (MN 5, younger than MN 4), and referred the Tägernaustrasse material to it, but failed to compare their new genus to Seorsumuscardinus. Two years later, Prieto published a note to compare the two and concluded that they were referable to the same genus, but different species. Thus, the genus Seorsumuscardinus now includes the species Seorsumuscardinus alpinus from MN 4 and S. bolligeri from MN 5. Prieto provisionally placed the Tägernaustrasse material with S. alpinus. He also mentioned Pentaglis földváry, a name given to a single upper molar from the middle Miocene of Hungary, which is now lost. Although the specimen shows some similarities with Seorsumuscardinus, published illustrations are too poor to confirm the identity of Pentaglis, and Prieto considered the latter name to be an unidentifiable nomen dubium.

Because of its derived and specialized morphology, the relationships of Seorsumuscardinus are obscure. However, it shows some similarities with Muscardinus, a genus which includes the living hazel dormouse, and may share a common ancestor with it, such as the earlier fossil genus Glirudinus. All three are part of the dormouse family, which includes many extinct forms dating back to the early Eocene (around 50 million years ago), as well as a smaller array of living species. The generic name Seorsumuscardinus combines the Latin seorsum, which means "different", with Muscardinus and the specific name alpinus refers to the occurrence of S. alpinus close to the Alps. Heissigia honored paleontologist Kurt Heissig for his work in Bavaria on the occasion of his 65th birthday and bolligeri honors Thomas Bolliger for his early description of material of this dormouse.

Description

Only the cheek teeth of Seorsumuscardinus are known; these include the fourth premolar and three molars in the upper (maxilla) and lower jaws (mandible). The teeth are medium-sized for a dormouse and have a flat occlusal (chewing) surface. S. bolligeri is slightly larger than S. alpinus.

Upper dentition
The fourth upper premolar (P4) has four main, transversely placed crests; the description of S. bolligeri mentions an additional, centrally placed small crest. De Bruijn interpreted the four main crests as the anteroloph, protoloph, metaloph, and posteroloph from front to back and wrote that these crests are not connected on the sides of the tooth. Prieto and Böhme note that the posteroloph is convex on the back margin of the tooth. In Muscardinus, the number of ridges on P4 ranges from five in Muscardinus sansaniensis to two in M. pliocaenicus and the living hazel dormouse, but the protoloph and metaloph are always connected on the lingual (inner) side of the tooth. P4 is two-rooted in S. alpinus and three-rooted in S. bolligeri.

The first upper molar (M1) was described as square by De Bruijn and as rounded by Prieto and Böhme. There are five main transverse crests, which are mostly isolated, but some may be connected on the borders of the teeth. The middle crest, the centroloph, reaches to the labial (outer) margin in the single known M1 of S. bolligeri, but does not in any of the five M1 of S. alpinus. The front crest, the anteroloph, is less distinct in S. bolligeri than most S. alpinus, but one M1 of S. alpinus is similar to that of S. bolligeri. M1 has three roots in S. alpinus, but the number of roots in S. bolligeri is not known.

Prieto and Böhme describe M2 as less rounded than M1 and De Bruijn notes that the crests are more parallel. In addition to the five main crests, small crests are present in front of and behind the centroloph that do not cover the full width of the tooth. In one S. bolligeri M2, there is a small crest on the lingual side in front of the centroloph, but such a crest does not occur in any S. alpinus. Another M2 of S. bolligeri has this crest on the labial side. On the other hand, all five M2 of S. alpinus have a minor crest on the labial side behind the centroloph. In two M2 of S. alpinus, the centroloph and the metaloph are connected by a longitudinal crest, which is never present in S. bolligeri. There are three roots.

M3 is known from a single specimen each from Oberdorf, Affalterbach, and Tägernaustrasse. In addition to the main crests, there are two or three additional smaller crests. The roots are unknown.

Lower dentition
The fourth lower premolar (p4) is known from a poorly preserved specimen from Oberdorf and a less worn specimen from Tägernaustrasse. There are four ridges, of which the front and back pair are connected at the lingual side and in the Oberdorf specimen also at the labial side. This tooth is similar to that of Muscardinus hispanicus, but the front pair is better developed. There is one root.

The first lower molar (m1) bears four main crests and a smaller one between the two crests at the back. An additional crest (the anterotropid) is present between the two front crests, the anterolophid and the metalophid, in S. alpinus, but not in S. bolligeri. The occlusal pattern of m2 resembles that of m1. S. bolligeri also lacks an anterotropid on m2, but the tooth is not known from Oberdorf. In a worn m2 from Tägernaustrasse, there is a thickened portion in the labial part of the anterolophid, which Prieto interpreted as a remnant of the anterotropid; this led him to identify the Tägernaustrasse population as S. cf. alpinus. Only Oberdorf has yielded the m3 of Seorsumuscardinus. It resembles the m1 and has a short anterotropid, but has more oblique crests. In S. alpinus, the lower molars have two and occasionally three roots. The roots of the m1 of S. bolligeri are not preserved and the m2 has two roots.

Range
In MN 4, Seorsumuscardinus has been recorded from Oberdorf, Austria (sites 3 and 4, which yielded 6 and 17 Seorsumuscardinus alpinus teeth, respectively); Karydia, Greece (S. alpinus); and Tägernaustrasse, Switzerland (5 teeth; S. cf. alpinus). Affalterbach, Germany, where 10 teeth of S. bolligeri were found, is the only known MN 5 locality. In all these localities, it is part of a diverse dormouse fauna. Because the distributions of the two known species are temporally distinct, Prieto suggested that the genus may be useful for biostratigraphy (the use of fossils to determine the age of deposits). Seorsumuscardinus occurred at the same time as the oldest known Muscardinus.


Keeler Creek

Keeler Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately  long and flows through Falls Township. The watershed of the creek has an area of . The stream is not designated as an impaired waterbody. Its drainage basin is a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.

Course

Keeler Creek begins in a valley in Falls Township. It flows southwest for a few tenths of a mile before turning west-southwest. After a few tenths of a mile, the creek's valley narrows and it turns southwest for a few tenths of a mile. It then leaves its valley and turns south for a few tenths of a mile before turning southwest. A few tenths of a mile further downstream, the creek reaches its confluence with the Susquehanna River.

Keeler Creek joins the Susquehanna River  upriver of its mouth.

Hydrology
Keeler Creek is not designated as an impaired waterbody.

Geography and geology

The elevation near the mouth of Keeler Creek is  above sea level. The elevation of the creek's source is between  above sea level.

The surficial geology in the vicinity of the lower reaches of Keeler Creek mainly consist of alluvium (containing stratified sand, silt, and gravel), Wisconsinan Outwash, and sand and gravel pits with steep sides that can be dozens of feet deep. Further upstream, the surficial geology mainly consists of a glacial or resedimented till known as Wisconsinan Till. However, a small patch of alluvium is also present in this reach.

Keeler Creek is a small stream that in 1827 was described as being able to support mills.

Watershed
The watershed of Keeler Creek has an area of . The stream is entirely within the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Ransom. Its designated use is for aquatic life. Most of the creek's watershed is in Falls Township, Wyoming County. However, part of the watershed is in Newton Township, Lackawanna County.

Major roads in the watershed of Keeler Creek include State Route 2013 and State Route 2029.

History
Keeler Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1198964.

The North Branch Canal historically had an aqueduct that crossed Keeler Creek. It was  long and had two spans.

Biology
The drainage basin of Keeler Creek is designated as a Coldwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.


2015–16 TT Pro League

The 2015–16 TT Pro League season (known as the Digicel Pro League for sponsorship reasons) is the seventeenth season of the TT Pro League, the Trinidad and Tobago professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1999. A total of ten teams are contesting the league, with Central FC the defending champions from the 2014–15 season. The season began on 25 September 2015 and concluded on 21 May 2016 with the crowning of Central FC as the league champion.

The first goal of the season was scored by North East Stars' Alonzo Adlam against new team Club Sando in the seventeenth minute of the first round of matches on 25 September 2015. The first hat-trick of the season was recorded on 12 December 2015 by Jomal Williams of W Connection against St. Ann's Rangers in a 5–0 shutout at Ato Boldon Stadium.

Changes from the 2014–15 season
The following changes were made since the 2014–15 season:

 Dexter Skeene, Pro League CEO, announced that the prize structure would be TT$1 million awarded to the Pro League champions and TT$150,000 to the league runners-up.
 The winning club of each of the three rounds in the league will also receive TT$50,000.
 In each of the three rounds, the top player will also receive TT$10,000.
 The three rounds will be renamed in honour of former Pro League players that tragically lost their lives in the previous three years – Round 1: Raul Fletcher (Police); Round 2: Akeem Adams (Central FC); and Round 3: Kevon Carter (Defence Force).
 There were a number of changes to the clubs competing in the 2014–15 season.
 Caledonia AIA changed the name of the club to Morvant Caledonia United.
 An application from Club Sando for Pro League membership was accepted to add the tenth club to the league.

Player transfers

Managerial changes

Teams

Team summaries

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Stadiums

League table

Positions by round

Results

Matches 1–18

Matches 19–27

Season statistics

Scoring
 First goal of the season: Alonzo Adlam for North East Stars against Club Sando (26 September 2015)
 First own goal of the season: Kevon Villaroel (Central FC) for North East Stars (16 December 2015)
 First penalty kick of the season: Willis Plaza (scored) for Central FC against Defence Force (20 October 2015)
 First hat-trick of the season: Jomal Williams (W Connection) against St. Ann's Rangers, 2', 19', 48' (12 December 2015)
 Most goals scored by one player in a match: 4
 Jerwyn Balthazar (Defence Force) against St. Ann's Rangers, 4', 26', 45', 64' (15 January 2016)
 Widest winning margin: 8 goals
 Defence Force 8–0 Morvant Caledonia United (9 January 2016)
 Most goals in a match: 8 goals
 North East Stars 4–4 Police (20 October 2015)
 Defence Force 8–0 Morvant Caledonia United (9 January 2016)
 Most goals in a one half: 6 goals
 Defence Force v Morvant Caledonia United (9 January 2016) 6–0 at half-time, 8–0 final.
 Most goals in one half by a single team: 6 goals
 Defence Force v Morvant Caledonia United (9 January 2016) 6–0 at half-time, 8–0 final.

Top scorers

Hat-tricks

 * Home team score first in result
 4 Player scored four goals

Awards

Monthly awards


Nils H. Henningsmoen

Nils Hansteen Henningsmoen (25 October 1894 – 25 January 1983) was a Norwegian military officer.

He was born in Eidsberg as a son of forest owner Martin Henningsmoen (1860-1943) and Kirstine Braarud (1868-1949). He was married twice. In 1919 he had the son Gunnar Henningsmoen, a palaeontologist.

He became a student in 1913 and was done with his officer training in 1916. He reached the ranks of captain in 1930, lieutenant colonel in 1936 and colonel in 1948. He spent his military career in the artillery. He was a battalion leader from 1936 to 1940, and during the Second World War he eventually escaped to Scotland and led a battery there from 1944 to 1945. He led AR 3 from 1948 to 1949, and Field Artillery Regiment 1 from 1949. From 1957 to 1958 he was the commander of Fredriksten Fortress. He was also a chief aide-de-camp for King Haakon VII of Norway from 1950 to 1953.

He was decorated as a Commander, First Class of the Order of the Sword and Knight of the Italian Order of the Crown. He died in January 1983 and was buried in Øymark.


Mozambique at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics

Mozambique competed at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, the inaugural Youth Olympic Games, held in Singapore from 14 August to 26 August 2010.

Athletics

Boys
Track and Road Events

Girls
Track and Road Events

Swimming


Ramnivas Rawat

Ramnivas Rawat is a Senior Congress leader and a former Cabinet minister,who was a 5 term MLA from Vijaypur constituency.

Career
He is currently one of the working presidents of MP Congress.

Political career
He lose the legislative election 2018 and he is opposite BJP leader Sitaram Adiwasi. If he had won he would have been minister is the Madhya Pradesh cabinet. same in the year 1998 if he had won he would have been a minister.

Starting as a Block Youth Congress President in 1987 he held the position until 1990, when he got promoted as MPYC Vice-Present.

He got elected to Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly in 1990 and subsequently in 1993, 2003, 2008 & 2013 from Vijaypur.

He was labour minister in Digvijay Singh's cabinet during 1993 till 1998.

Political Views
He supports Congress Party's Ideology. It is a very astonishing fact about him whenever he is about to got a chance of being a minister is loses assembly elections.

Personal life
He is married to Mrs. Uma Rawat .