Marchioness Wellesley (ship)

Several vessels have been named Marchioness Wellesley (or Marchioness of Wellesley) for one of the wives of the Marquess of Wellesley:

  was launched at Calcutta. She initially sailed as a country ship, i.e., trading east of the Cape of Good Hope. She participated in the 1811 British military expedition to Java. In 1815 she sailed to England and then sailed between England and India under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). She was broken up in 1821 or 1824.
  was a steam packet launched for the Dublin and Wexford Steam Co. She grounded in 1827 but was salvaged. She was last listed in 1838.


Christophe Plé

Christophe Plé (born 29 April 1966) is a French former alpine skier who competed in the 1988 Winter Olympics and 1994 Winter Olympics.

External links
 sports-reference.com


Ram Kondilkar

Ram Kondilkar is a Marathi publicist based in Mumbai, India. He specializes in plays, television, and feature film publicity. He has represented actors Girish Pandurang Kulkarni, Ashok Samarth, Anshuman Vichare, Milind Gawali, Ajinkya Deo, Directors Sanjay Surkar, Sumitra Bhave, Sunil Sukhtankar, Chandrakant Kulkarni, Gajendra Ahire, Rajiv Patil, Umesh Vinayak Kulkarni, Kedar Shinde, Aditya Sarpotdar, Jayprad Desai, Satish Manvar, Nikhil Mahajan, Kiran Yadnyopavit, Sachin Kundalkar, Shivaji Lotan Patil, and others. He has also represented musicians such as Pt. Jasraj, Ratan Mohan Sharma, Tripti Mukharjee, and Gaurav Bangia. He has publicized more than 125 films.

Life and career
Ram Kondilkar was born in 1976 at Karjat, near Mumbai, India, and was raised in Mumbai.

Ram Kondilkar first worked in air conditioning repair. He joined film publicist Nilay Vaidya to assist him on various projects early in his entertainment career. He handled Marathi films and music as well as regional popular dramas, personalities, and celebrity profiles. In 2010, he was part of the re-launch of the Mi Marathi television channel of HDIL Business Group, followed by the SaamTv Marathi Channel of Sakal Publication House.

He has worked closely with director Kedar Shinde among several others. He has also been executive producer for Khandobachya Navane and Sail films. He produced the album Gandh Gaarva, which received positive reviews among fans.

Ram kondilkar became known in the Marathi film industry for such films as Sawarkhed Ek Gaon and Laxmikant Berde’s Last Lele Virudh Lele.

Ram Publicity
He founded Ram Publicity in 2002, specializing in Marathi entertainment. Ram Kondilkar does corporate publicity for some of India's leading entertainment production houses like Balaji telefilms, AB Corp, I Dream Productions, Shemaroo Entertainment, and Mukta Arts, as well as public sector companies and other non-government organizations.

Film Accolades


Lulia

Lulia is a genus of Brazilian flowering plants in the daisy family.

Species
There is only one known species, Lulia nervosa, native to Brazil (States of Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo).


Bembidion planatum

Bembidion planatum is a species of ground beetle in the family Carabidae. It is found in North America.


Leyton Orient W.F.C.

Leyton Orient Women F.C. is a women's football team based in Leyton, London in England. The team compete in the FA Women's National League Division One South East. The club play home games at Mile End Stadium. Leyton Orient Women are nicknamed The O's, and their supporters maintain rivalries with Crawley Wasps.


2015 China Open – Women's Doubles

Andrea Hlaváčková and Peng Shuai were the defending champions, but Peng could not participate due to injury. Hlaváčková played alongside Lucie Hradecká, but lost in the quarterfinals to Casey Dellacqua and Yaroslava Shvedova.
Martina Hingis and Sania Mirza won the title, defeating Chan Hao-ching and Chan Yung-jan in the final, 6–7(9–11), 6–1, [10–8].

Seeds
The top four seeds received a bye into the second round.

Draw

Finals

Top Half

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Miguel José Sanz

Miguel José Sanz (1756–1814) was a Venezuelan lawyer and journalist.


14th Regiment (New York State Militia)

{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 14th Regiment, New York State Militia(14th Brooklyn)84th New York Volunteer Infantry
| image=Companyg.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption=14th Brooklyn Militia, Company G, in Virginia in 1862
|dates= Founded 9 June 1847; April 1861–1864; 1898 {as 14th New York Infantry}; 1917 - 1945 {as part of the 106th Regiment}
|country= United States of America
|allegiance= Union
|branch= United States Army
|type= Infantry
|role= Infantry
|size= 1,100
|command_structure=
|garrison=
|garrison_label=
|nickname="Red Legged Devils"
|patron=
|motto= Baptized by Fire
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|battles=American Civil War:First Bull Run, Falls Church, Rappahannock, Gaines' Mill, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, The Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court HouseWorld War IWorld War IIBattle of Saipan|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=

|commander1=Alfred M. Wood
|commander1_label= Colonel
|commander2=Edward Brush Fowler
|commander2_label= Colonel
|commander3= William H. DeBevoise
|commander3_label= Lt. Colonel
|notable_commanders=Ardolph L. Kline

|identification_symbol=
|identification_symbol_label=Colors of the 14th Brooklyn
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=Reproduction Guidon Flag of the 14th Brooklyn
|identification_symbol_3=
|identification_symbol_3_label=
}}

The 14th Regiment New York State Militia (also called the 14th Brooklyn Chasseurs) was a volunteer militia regiment from the City of Brooklyn, New York. It is primarily known for its service in the American Civil War from April 1861 to May 6, 1864, although it later served in the Spanish–American War and World War I (as part of the 106th Regiment).

In the Civil War, the regiment was made up of a majority of abolitionists from the Brooklyn area. It was led first by Colonel Alfred M. Wood and later by Colonel Edward Brush Fowler. The 14th Brooklyn was involved in heavy fighting, including most major engagements of the Eastern Theater. Their engagements included the First and Second Battles of Bull Run, the Battle of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, The Wilderness, and Spotsylvania Court House. During the war, the men of the 14th Brooklyn were well known by both armies and throughout the country for their hard drill, hard fighting, and constant refusal to stand down from a fight. During their three years of service they never withdrew from battle in unorderly fashion.

On 7 December 1861, the State of New York officially changed the regiment's designation to the 84th New York Volunteer Infantry (and its unit histories are sometimes found under this designation). But at the unit's request and because of the fame attained by the unit at First Bull Run, the United States Army continued to refer to it as the 14th.

The 14th Brooklyn received its nickname, the "Red Legged Devils", during the First Battle of Bull Run. Referring to the regiment's colorful red trousers as the regiment repeatedly charged up Henry House Hill, Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson yelled to his men, "Hold On Boys! Here come those red legged devils again!"

In the early part of the war, when the 14th Brooklyn was in General Walter Phelps' brigade, the brigade was named "Iron Brigade". It would later to become known as the "Eastern Iron Brigade" after John Gibbon's Black Hat Brigade was given the name "Western Iron Brigade". At the conclusion of the war, all members of the "Eastern" or "First" Iron Brigade were given medals for their service within the Iron Brigade.

Formation and early history of the Regiment
The Fourteenth Regiment New York State Militia was officially constituted on 13 May 1847 when the New York State Legislature consolidated individual militia companies into regiments. It was organized on 5 July 1847 with two companies: Company A, the Union Blues, and Company B, the Washington Guards. Companies C to H were organized in February 1848.

While the Fourteenth Regiment's purpose was to protect the city of Brooklyn and surrounding areas, in its early history it was more of a social club, where men of venerable lineage could train in military tactics and spend the weekends with other militia-men. The regiment used the armory at Henry and Cranberry Streets as its headquarters.

On 4 June 1854, a portion of the 14th Regiment, under the command of Colonel Jesse C. Smith, was called to help suppress a riot caused by an anti-Catholic street preacher referring to himself as "the Angel Gabriel.” In the so-called Angel Gabriel Riot, the regiment assisted the police in making a number of arrests. In early 1861, the 14th was called several times to the Naval Yard "in anticipation of an attack... by Rebel sympathizers".

In 1860, the United States Zouave Cadets traveling drill team of Chicago, under the command of Colonel Elmer E. Ellsworth, came through Brooklyn. The officers and men of the 14th Brooklyn were so impressed with the drill and uniforms of the drill team that they decided to take on a similar version of the French military uniform known as the "Chasseur" uniform. This uniform remained their battle dress uniform throughout their term of service in the American Civil War. Brooklyn paid to keep the regiment in this uniform, and it remained one of the few regiments not to don the all blue standard Union military uniform.

After the firing at Fort Sumter and President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation for volunteers to suppress the rebellion, the 14th volunteered themselves for a period of three years. Colonel A.M. Wood telegraphed Washington that his regiment was prepared, but New York Governor Edwin D. Morgan refused to send them (apparently for political motives). Colonel Wood then went to Washington and along with Congressman Moses F. Odell explained the situation and as a result, President Lincoln directly ordered the regiment into action.

The regiment became a personal favorite of Lincoln. Whenever the President was in the area of the regiment, he would attempt to pay them a visit. He would ask for the 14th Brooklyn to act as his personal guards when in camp or near the battle field. Because of this attention by the President, the 14th Brooklyn was nicknamed "Lincoln's Pups" or "Lincoln's Pets", a name the regiment would later shed after the First Battle of Bull Run. President Lincoln gave a speech to them when the regiment mustered out in 1864, thanking them for their fine and honorable service to the United States.

The 14th Brooklyn Regiment left New York on 18 May 1861 (except for Companies I and K, which joined it in July 1861), arriving in Washington, D. C. the next day. It was officially mustered into United States service by General Irwin McDowell on 23 May 1861 and initially served at and near Washington.

Uniform of the 14th Brooklyn

The typical uniform of a Union Soldier was that of a four-button blue sack coat, light kersey blue wool trousers and a blue cap (bummer, or forage cap). At the beginning of the war both the Union and Confederate armies had a variety of uniforms within their regiments. As the war continued, the Union Army began to standardize the uniform worn by its regiments. By early 1862 most Union regiments were wearing blue. However, Brooklyn paid for and outfitted the 14th Brooklyn throughout the war, keeping them wearing their unique chasseur-style uniform for all three years of their service.

The headgear worn by the 14th Brooklyn was a navy blue and red kepi. The top of the cap was covered in dark navy blue and the lower half by a dark red with a band of blue around the bottom of the cap. Upon the front of the cap the regiment had the number '14' and above it was the company designation. On the sides of the caps were New York state buttons holding the chin strap onto the kepi. At the First Battle of Bull Run the 14th were issued havelocks, a white material that fitted over the kepis and had a long piece of cloth that hung down below over the neck. The idea was to catch air and cool the neck of the soldier. The havelocks proved ineffective as headgear, however many were used as bandages on the battlefield.

The tunics worn by the 14th Brooklyn were a beautiful combination of red and dark blue adorned with small gold buttons running up and the center of the chest. The tunic was made with a red false vest with 14 buttons closing the vest. Over the false vest was a dark blue shell with 14 buttons on either side of the shell. Some later models of the jacket did away with the false vest and actually sewed the vest into the shell making it a complete jacket. On the jacket were chevrons on the lower arms symbolizing light infantry. Earlier recruits also were issued "Shoulder-Knots" composed of thick red fabric that were attached with thread on one end and a gold button on the other.

The trousers worn by the 14th were very similar to that of the Zouave pantaloons, the only difference being that they were not as baggy as the Zouave pantaloons. The color was a vibrant red color. At the bottom of the trousers the 14th wore gaiters or leggings with seven gold buttons on each gaiter symbolizing the number 14.

Sometime in 1862, Colonel E.B. Fowler wrote a letter home commenting on the regiment, a bit about the uniforms, and the tactics in which he had to use. It was later placed in the regimental history.

"In 1860 the Board of Officers adopted the French 'chasseur' uniform,
consisting of ashy red trousers, white leggings, a blue jacket, red chevrons
and shoulder knots. A fixed to the head was to be a french style kepi with blue band,
red above and blue top.

This change of uniform for the regiment was the first in many progressive steps of conformity.
Later in early 1861 when the regiment arrived in Washington these improvements were matched
by the introduction of the rifled musket and minie ball which took the place of the smooth bore with its round ball and buckshot.

A mixture of Gilhams' Militia Tactics and Hardee's translation of the French tactics were substituted for the old Scott "heavy infantry" tactics as well as its accompaniment of leather
stock and pipe clayed belts.

Little did the officers of that board dream that the uniform that they then adopted would become historic, sung of in poets' lays and transferred to the artist's canvas as that of the "red-legged
devils," the Brooklyn Fourteenth."

First Bull Run
At the First Battle of Bull Run, the 14th Brooklyn was assigned to the First Brigade (commanded by Col. Andrew Porter) in Col. David Hunter's Second Division in General Irwin McDowell's Army of Northeastern Virginia. The Regiment was ordered up to Henry House Hill to reinforce the 1st Minnesota Volunteer Infantry Regiment and the 11th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, the "Fire Zouaves". These regiments had been ordered to support two batteries of cannon under the command of Captains Charles Griffin and James B. Ricketts on the Union right flank. Before the arrival of the 14th Brooklyn at Henry House Hill, the 11th New York had withdrawn to the Manassas-Sudley Road under heavy assault and then fought off a flank attack from Confederate Colonel J. E. B. Stuart's cavalry. As the 14th Brooklyn moved up the hill, the 11th New York rallied and joined with the 14th to support the guns. Colonel Stuart's subordinate W. W. Blackford wrote this account in his memoir, "War Years with Jeb Stuart" (from page 28):"Colonel Stuart and myself were riding at the head of the column as the grand panorama opened before us, and there right in front, about seventy yards distant, and in strong relief against the smoke beyond, stretched a brilliant line of scarlet - a regiment of New York Zouaves in column of fours, marching out of the Sudley road to attack the flank of our line of battle. Dressed in scarlet caps and trousers, blue jackets with quantities of gold buttons, and white gaiters, with a fringe of bayonets swaying above them as they moved, their appearance was indeed magnificent."The 14th Brooklyn, 11th New York, and 1st Minnesota were placed into position by Major William Farquhar Barry, McDowell's chief of artillery, at the crest of Henry House Hill. They were ordered to hold their position and assault if the opportunity was there, but were under no circumstances to leave the guns to the Confederates. The three regiments and cannon found themselves confronting the 33rd Virginia Infantry on the left of Confederate General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's line.

Confusion soon erupted on the battlefield in front of them. Thinking the 33rd Virginia, clad in dark blue frock coats and dark blue trousers, were the Union troops supporting the guns, Major Barry ordered Ricketts to hold his fire. This allowed the Virginians to charge the batteries and capture the guns. The 14th Brooklyn, however, rushed up the slope and drove the 33rd Virginia back, recapturing the two guns. The 14th then continued to fire into the left flank of Jackson’s line, driving the 33rd Virginia back through the 2nd Virginia Infantry. Under the pressure from the 14th Brooklyn, a large portion of the 2nd Virginia joined the retreating 33rd Virginia and the left of Jackson's line began to collapse. However, Jackson ordered the 4th and 27th Virginia forward. They were joined by the 49th Virginia Infantry, two companies of the 2nd Mississippi Infantry, and the 6th North Carolina Infantry. In hand-to-hand combat the New Yorkers were driven back to the Manassas-Sudley Road and Ricketts’ battery and Griffin’s two guns captured.

The 14th Brooklyn, the 69th New York Militia and 11th New York would charge up Henry House Hill four times, in an effort to recapture Ricketts' and Griffin's cannon. The other two regiments met with little success, but the 14th Brooklyn found gaps and weaknesses in the Confederate lines and exploited them. The 14th Brooklyn briefly took control of the two guns following one charge, only to be routed yet again by the Confederates. The constant charging of the 14th Brooklyn's tactics caught the eye of General Jackson himself. This is when he made his famous statement to his troops: "Hold On Boys! Here come those Red Legged Devils again!" With that the regiment received its nickname the "Red Legged Devils".

While the 14th Brooklyn and 11th New York Volunteer Infantry were briefly in control of the two guns, the Louisiana Tigers advanced up the hill. The 14th and 11th fired upon the battalion from their superior position, causing significant losses. The Tigers then fired their own rifles, and the majority of the 14th fell to their knees. Encouraged by this, the Tigers dropped their rifles and took out their Bowie knives in an attempt to finish off the survivors. As the Tigers neared the crest of the hill, the 14th Brooklyn stood up. Though both the 14th Brooklyn and the Tigers, who had left their rifles at the bottom of the hill, were poorly trained and lacked real wartime experience, a savage hand-to-hand fight began between the two units. Though the Tigers fought with ferocity and determination, the 14th Brooklyn had the superior field position and eventually the Tigers retreated back down the hill. This brief confrontation permanently made the 14th Brooklyn and the Tigers rivals.

The efforts of the 14th Brooklyn, however, were in vain, and they were immediately flushed from the position yet again by the powerful Confederate counterattack. The two guns would not be retaken again. As the Confederates launched their strong counterattack, the Union army panicked and fled. They had been startled by the fierce, brutal fighting that the Confederates had brought, it being completely unlike the riot quelling they had performed in the past. It is local legend that the 14th Brooklyn refused to flee with such blind abandon as the rest of the Union army, but rather were ordered off the field, but this has not been corroborated by any contemporary records.

During the battle, the 14th Regiment suffered two officers and 21 men killed, 64 wounded, and 30 taken prisoner. Ten of the wounded would die of their wounds. Colonel Wood himself was wounded and captured by the enemy.

After the First Battle of Bull Run, the State of New York decided to change the regiment's designation from 14th State Militia to 84th New York Volunteer Infantry. The men of the regiment were displeased and began a letter campaign, joined by the citizens of Brooklyn. Finally the men asked the help of General Irvin McDowell. McDowell spoke to the government and to the regiment's command, and his words bestowed upon the regiment the motto which would follow it throughout history:"You were mustered by me into the service of the United States as part of the militia of the State of New York known as the Fourteenth. You have been Baptized by Fire' under that number and as such you shall be recognized by the United States government and by no other number"

Second Bull Run to Antietam

At Second Bull Run the regiment again fought courageously, losing nearly 120 men. At Antietam, the 1st Division commanded by Brigadier General Abner Doubleday of the 1st Corps began their attack on the morning of 17 September 1862 from the North Woods. Col. Walter Phelps' Iron Brigade fought through the Miller Farm's cornfield. Both Union and Confederate casualties at the cornfield were roughly 6,000. It was at the cornfield that famed nurse Clara Barton went onto the actual battlefield to help the wounded soldiers of the Union Army. According to a report from William Fox of the 107th New York, the brigade that composed of the 22nd New York, 24th New York, 30th New York, 14th Regiment (New York State Militia), and 2nd U.S. Sharpshooters was the first to be called the “Eastern Iron Brigade” because of its brave fighting at South Mountain and Antietam. Colonel Rufus R. Dawes the commander of the Sixth Wisconsin later wrote in his book "Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers":

"The Fourteenth Brooklyn Regiment, Red legged Devils, came into our line closing the awful gaps. Now is the pinch. Men and officers of New York and Wisconsin are fused into a common mass, in the frantic struggle to shoot fast. Everybody tears cartridges, loads, passes guns, or shoots."

In the cornfield, the Eastern Iron Brigade followed the Western Brigade into battle early in the morning. While the rest of Phelp's brigade fell back, the 14th Brooklyn held its ground along with elements of the 6th Wisconsin of the Black Hats (Western Iron Brigade). This effort combined into a mass of soldiers pushing the Confederates up to Dunker Church. These two regiments got further than any other Union Regiment during the attack in the cornfield.

Fredericksburg to Chancellorsville
At Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville the 14th Brooklyn saw minor action during the major engagements. The regiment was held in reserve and then used for a series of reconnaissance missions to find and assault the Confederate forces in and around the area. It was during this campaign that the Brigade proved that they truly were the "Iron Brigade of the East" During Chancellorsville the regiment saw a quick but highly deadly action alongside the Sixth Wisconsin Fitz Hugh's Crossing.
The 14th held the riverbank as the sixth Wisconsin attempted to cross the river in small wooden boats. It was after this campaign a little before the Battle of Gettysburg that the 14th and all the other regiments in the 1st Corps, 1st Division, 1st Brigade were transferred out. The 14th was transferred to the 1st Corps, 1st Division, 2nd Brigade.

Gettysburg to Spotsylvania

The 14th Brooklyn was the last regiment of the 2nd Brigade on the road to Gettysburg. The 2nd Brigade were the first Infantry units to fire their rifles and to set foot on the field 1 July 1863. General John F. Reynolds rode up to the 2nd Brigade and urged them onto Gettysburg to support General John Buford's cavalry who were holding the Confederate forces at bay. The 14th dropped its packs on the Emmitsburg road and double quicked across the field that General Pickett's men would on 3 July.

The 14th Brooklyn arrived at McPherson's Woods and halted the Confederate advance, until the 1st Brigade of the 1st division arrived. Once the Western Iron Brigade was online, Colonel E.B Fowler saw Confederate forces taking cover in an unfinished railroad cut to his right. He commanded his "Demi-Brigade" (14th Regiment & 95th NYVI) across the field to meet and clear out Davis' Confederate Brigade. Held in reserve the 6th Wisconsin was ordered to support the 14th regiment and 95th NYVI into the cut. Again the 14th and 6th were together working as they did in earlier engagements.

Into the cut the three regiments rushed, supporting each other equally on each other's flanks. One 14th Brooklyn soldier said of the Confederate defense of the railroad cut "they fought with the ferocity of wildcats" the fight became a brawl of hand-to-hand combat. The Federals who had taken a beating crossing the field in front of the railroad cut had their revenge. The Confederates facing them finally realized their position was a death trap and surrendered themselves to Colonel E.B. Fowler, and handed their Flags over to the 14th Brooklyn. Finally the Confederates were able to wheel artillery down and fire on the 14th's Position in the railroad cut, the 14th marched out of the cut through the town of Gettysburg while the 11th corps came up to support the 1st corps so they could refit. The 14th Brooklyn had the honor of carrying General John F. Reynolds' body from the field into the town of Gettysburg.

The regiment continued to fight for the remainder of the battle of Gettysburg. They are the only regiment to possess 3 monuments on the field of Gettysburg - at the railroad cut, at McPherson's woods and on Culp's Hill. The remainder of the fight was had on Culp's Hill on the right flank of the Union army. They were called up to support General Greene who was losing his position to superior numbers. The 14th Brooklyn fought 2 days up there, and Greene later credited the 14th Brooklyn for helping save the entire Union army by saving the flank.

In the early hours of 2 July 1863 the 14th Brooklyn was called down to the slope of Culp's Hill. Lt. John J. Cantine, one of General Greene's aides, met the regiment and guided Col. Edward B. Fowler and the regiment to its position on the right of Greene's line. As Cantine led fowler by some trees, a soldier stepped from the darkness and demanded Cantine's surrender. Cantine dismounted from his horse and Fowler drew his pistol, and then there were a dozen or so shots from the woods. Fowler hurried back to the regiment and formed it facing the woods. Fowler then called for volunteers to scout the woods and report back, who may be at his front. Two men, musician John Cox and Sgt. James McQuire of company I, responded and disappeared into the woods or, as one 14th Brooklyn Member recounts "in the teeth of flank fire", to find out who was there. Cox returned with the word that McQuire had been wounded and that the troops in their front of them belonged to the 10th Virginia Regiment. Colonel Fowler then ordered the regiment to fire a volley and thus charged his regiment into the woods. Hand-to-hand fighting began, and the 14th Pushed the Virginians out of the woods and sent them into a retreat.

Lt. Henry H. Lyman who wrote of the regiment in his diary:

"14th & 147th go among the 12th corps to help drive back the charging rebs. Hot work from 1/2 past 5 to 1/2 past 9.
Lie in the pits all night on our arms. No pickett in front."

The 14th Brooklyn was called back up the hill after this action being relieved by the 137th Ny. They were there long enough to eat some food and then were immediately sent back down the hill to support the hill once again. Colonel Fowler wrote that when the men entered the trenches "they did so without a shout, and the regiment remained there until
their ammunition was all but exhausted." He also recounted the casualties taken with the trenches were light but that the colors, which rose above the works, were riddled with bullets, and the staff of the state flag was shot through.

On 3 July, the 14th Brooklyn's Position was further up the hill near the 149th New York. When the men of the 149th New York had heard that the 14th Brooklyn were coming down they studied them closely. Prior to this the men of the 149th had heard that the 14th Brooklyn were "a bully fighting regiment" what they saw were young men with a "tidy and smart appearance". In Later years the regiment was credited with saving the line and thus saving ammunition trains as well as the flank.

The 14th Brooklyn Fought for another year, through the Battle of the Wilderness campaign and Spotsylvania. They finally mustered out in May 1864. The recruits who signed up and joined the regiment in 1862 were moved over to the 5th New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry Regiment. However, the recruits who went over to the 5th New York Veterans (Duryea Zouaves)wore their 14th Brooklyn uniform and formed their own company in the 5th. The regiment mustered out at Fulton Ferry on 25 May 1864 to huge crowds who welcomed the regiment home after 3 years of service. During its 3 years in service the regiment sustained 717 casualties, nearly 41% of its men.

Nicknames and other designations

 84th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment
 Fourteenth Regiment, N.Y.S.M (New York State Militia)
 Red Legged Devils
 14th Brooklyn
 Lincoln's Pups
 Brooklyn Phalanx
 Brooklyn Chasseurs
 Chasseurs a Pied (French for Hunters on Foot)
 The Fighting 14th
 Brooklyn Zouaves
 Brooklyn Red Legs

Officers of the 14th Brooklyn
Colonel Edward Brush Fowler
Colonel Alfred M. Wood
Colonel Ardolph L. Kline
Lt. Colonel William H. DeBevoise
Captain-Brevet Major Isaiah Uffendill

After the American Civil War

Since the regiment's return from the battlefields of the American Civil War, the 14th was twice involved in service, first during the quarantine disturbances at Fire Island in September 1892, and throughout the Brooklyn motormen's strike in January 1895. The 14th was one of the few regiments selected in General Orders, No.8, General Headquarters, State of New York, dated Adjutant General Office, Albany, 27 April 1898, to enter United States Military service. At that time the regiment consisted of ten companies. Upon receiving this order the regiment began recruiting to fill these companies as well as organize two additional ones.

The 14th Regiment, Infantry, New York Volunteers was mustered into the service in May 1898 take part in the Spanish–American War. The regiment was in Federal service for only four months and was detailed to camp service. The 14th did not reach the front lines, but made preparations for duty in Cuba, and the soldiers were in a "fine state of organization". All of the 14th's officers and men were anxious to be involved the real fighting on the front lines, but this movement was deemed unnecessary by the government after considerable thought.

On 1 May, the regiment was ordered to camp at Hempstead, Long Island New York. The regiment then reported to Major General Charles F. Roe, who was in command of the National Guard. The 14th then mustered into service as follows: Companies A, G, K, and M on 13 May; the rest of its companies on 16 May. On 17 May, the regiment left Hempstead and proceeded by rail to Camp George H. Thomas, Chickamauga, Georgia. The regiment arrived and was assigned to the First Brigade, First Division, Third Army Corps on 29 May.

On 5 September, the 14th Infantry received orders to muster out on corner of Eighth Avenue and Fifteenth Street, Brooklyn at the armory. The men of the 14th left Anniston on 14 September and arrived in Brooklyn on 16 September. In 1893, the Eighth Avenue Armory was constructed for the regiment. They were mustered out United States service on 27 October 1898.

The regiment entered the Spanish–American War as the 14th New York Infantry and many sons of veterans who fought during the American Civil War with the 14th Brooklyn enlisted with the 14th New York Infantry. Following the Spanish–American War, 14th New York Infantry troops reinforced the 106th Infantry and fought in World War I.

Legacy of the Red Legged Devils
Following the conclusion of the war, members of the 14th Regiment New York Veterans Association continued to hold monthly meetings. Several battlefield memorials were erected over time. Today members of reenactment units do the same to preserve the honor and memory of the 14th Brooklyn.


Lajos Bertus

Lajos Bertus (born 26 September 1990 in Kecskemét) is a Hungarian football player who currently plays for Paksi FC.

Club statistics

Updated to games played as of 22 February 2020.


National Open University of Nigeria

The National Open University of Nigeria is a Federal Open and Distance Learning (ODL) institution, the first of its kind in the West African sub-region.
It is Nigeria's largest tertiary institution in terms of student numbers and is popularly referred to as 'NOUN'.

History

The National Open University was initially established on 22 July 1983 as springboard for open and distance learning in Nigeria. It was suspended by the government on 25 April 1984. However, its resuscitation was begun on 12 April 2001 by  the former President of Nigeria, Gen. Olusegun Obasanjo. At take off of the university, pioneer student enrollment stood at 32,400.

Organisation

In 2011, NOUN had about 57,759 students. The Vice Chancellor at the time was Prof. Vincent Tenebe .
The university was for years operating from its Administrative Headquarters in Victoria Island,VI Lagos, before its current VC, Professor Abdalla Uba Adamu, moved it to its permanent headquarters in Jabi, Abuja, in 2016. It has over 75 Study Centres throughout the country.
It offers over 50 programmes and 750 courses.

By its nature as an ODL institution, NOUN does not provide lectures to students in normal classrooms except some certain study centres. The study centre in Lagos for instance provides lectures to all its Law undergraduates and supplies necessary course materials to all students after the payment of tuition fees. All the courses being offered by the university have been accredited by the National Universities Commission (NUC).

The Registrar serves as the Secretary to Council and Senate bodies. The Registry Department's primary responsibility is to provide support services in the General Administration of the university with emphasis on Council affairs, Senate matters, recruitment of staff, students’ admission/welfare, staff welfare and other related activities. The current Registrar is Mr. Felix Edoka.

Students

Requirements

A diverse range of students from all walks of life are attracted to the National Open University of Nigeria just like other prominent Open Universities such as the Open University of United Kingdom (OU); for most courses there are no stringent entry requirements other than the ability to study at an appropriate level such as the West African Examination, and other National Diplomas to qualify for a Direct entry admission. Though most postgraduate courses require evidence of previous study and/or equivalent life experience. This fundamental open admissions policy makes undergraduate university study accessible to all.

Undergraduates

While most of those studying are mature students, an increasingly large proportion of new undergraduates are aged between 17 and 25, the reduction in financial support for those attending traditional universities, coupled with the use of technologies such as and YouTube that appeal to this demographic, is believed to be behind this growth.

Immunity to strikes

Another reason is the Act of Parliament which established the University prohibiting any form of union either within staff or students. This has made the NOUN to be unaffected by strikes such as the ASUU strikes (which lasted for eight months) in Nigeria which ultimately extends students course duration in school unnecessarily. NOUN students have always and will continue to be immune to any form of strike.

National Youths Service Corps Stand.

The NOUN made efforts to ensure its graduates below age 30 (the maximum age limit) participate in the National Youth Service Corps and Law graduates proceed to the Nigerian Law School.

However, efforts have of recent, materialized. The University released a statement where it affirmed that students of NOUN can now enroll and be part of the NYSC program.

Rankings and achievements

Latest results of University Rankings released by Ranking Web of Universities (popularly known as Webometrics) revealed another list of 100 Best Universities in Nigeria for 2015. Just as done in every other web ranking, webometrics ranking 2015 adopted search queries
from search engines to rank the top universities which the National Open University ranked 23rd. See: List of Nigerian Universities

Convocated prison inmates

The decision of the management and senate of National Open University Nigeria(NOUN) to establish study centres in some of the nation's prisons has started yielding fruits as three inmates were among the over 7,000 that recently graduated from the 13-year-old institute. At its 4th convocation held in the Main Exhibition Hall of the National Theatre, Iganmu, Lagos, and witnessed by the representative of President, Goodluck Jonathan many Vice Chancellors governing council and Senates members and key stakeholders, the two inmates from the Kirikiri Maximum Prisons ended up as star attraction aside the two First-Class graduates produced by the institute for the first time.

But attempts by Education Review to speak with them (inmates) were strongly resisted by a female prison official. However, the Deputy Controller in charge of Kirikiri Maximum told Education Review that one of the inmates, is serving life imprisonment while the second inmate whom he could not give his name was released two weeks ago after serving his jail term. Oladapo and the other inmates just discharged were awarded BSc in Peace and Conflict Resolution, the same course the best overall student, Mrs. Anthonia Okoye  (a 43-year-old mother who is one of the first two graduates to graduate with a First-Class degree at the institution) studied.

Notable Alumni
Beverly Osu, Nigerian actress, model and Video Vixen.

Technological platforms

NOUNiLearn

The National Open University of Nigeria in its effort to take education to the doorstep of
the Nigerian populace irrespective of their social status and the developing Economy of Nigeria has deployed and implemented iLearn portal technology to enhance student's learning experience. The NOUN iLearn platform has been created to ease access to excellent quality education. The platform provides amongst many, the following:

Online class discussions organized by NOUN facilitators thereby creating a virtual classroom environment.

Facility for students to get answers to any questions or areas of difficulty pertaining to their course of study.

Networking and collaboration tools to help in community of interaction among students, facilitators, academic staff and faculty members.

Better study tools such as the Smart e-Book Digitized lecture video and audio materials for an enhanced student’ learning experience available on the platform.

Access to assignments, quizzes and self-study assessment tools.

Examination

The university administers the Computer-Based-Test (CBT) form of examination to its students in their first and second years. However, Law undergraduates participate in the standard Pen-On-Paper examinations (POP) beginning from their first year of admission, with LAW111-Legal Methods in First Semester of the first year.

Other undergraduates also participate in the CBT system of examination in their first and second years and commence the POP examinations from their third year till  the end of their respective course durations. The POP examination system applies to Post Graduate students also.

The CBT system of examination has however been  criticised by some of the students. The CBT examination is in two categories; the multiple choice questions and fill in the gap - which is the most dreaded examination type by students all around the world.

The CBT system requires students to most times, memorize their textbooks in accordance with the programmed answers stored on the school's server in order to obtain full marks as computers will reject answers that do not match its programmed content.

Assessment

Tutor-Marked Assignments (TMAs) are continuous assessments in form of Tutor Marked Assignment and it accounts for 30% of student's total score.  Students are expected to answer all TMAs, which must be answered and submitted before students sit for the end of course examination

Final examination and grading

With examinations written successfully, The ‘end of course examinations’ would earn students 70% which would be added to their TMA score (30%).  The time for this examination is always communicated to students.

Facilities

E-library

The NOUN operates an e-library at the headquarters situated at Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria which all students have access to after providing a valid student's identity card. Students have access to both Internet facilities, books, journals, projects, thesis of past students and other educational materials.

Radio station

The radio station broadcasts at the frequency 105.9 NOUN FM. Mass Communication students also have the opportunity to intern at the studio which broadcasts on all working days.

E-courseware

The NOUN also provides a platform for students that needs to access its database of educational materials NOUN e-Courseware Free Download strictly for educational purposes rather than financial or commercial purposes. Books can be downloaded in PDF formats at no cost.

Scholarships

In May 2014, Ini Edo, one of the stars in the Nigerian movie industry, Nollywood made headlines when she was offered a scholarship to study Law at the National Open University. More Nollywood actresses and actors including Desmond Elliot  have also been offered scholarships. Chioma Chukwuka-Akpotha, Francis Duru, Doris Simeon and Sani Danja were announced as ambassadors for the NOUN. All four were presented by the Vice Chancellor Prof. Vincent A. Tenebe, with scholarships to study their courses of choice.  is for Candidates who are looking to apply for admission into the Institution.


Geboren um zu leben

"Geboren um zu leben" ("Born to Live") is the first single from Unheilig's album Grosse Freiheit and the sixth single of the band. As of December 2010, the single has been certified triple gold with 450,000 copies sold.

Meaning

The song "Geboren um zu leben" was inspired by the death of a close friend of Unheilig's frontman, Der Graf. In 2008, the friend suffered a heart attack and stroke, from which he did not recover; Der Graf was with him when he died.

Track listing

Music video

On January 14, 2010, the official music video for "Geboren um zu leben" was released.

Charts

Year-end charts


1923 Philadelphia Athletics season

The 1923 Philadelphia Athletics season involved the A's finishing 6th in the American League with a record of 69 wins and 83 losses.

Regular season

Season standings

Record vs. opponents

Roster

Player stats

Batting

Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in

Pitching

Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

Relief pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts


Viganello

Viganello is a quarter of the city of Lugano, Switzerland. Viganello was formerly a municipality of its own, having been incorporated into Lugano in 2004. It was first recorded in 1300 as de Viganello.

The municipality also contained the village Albonago. It had 238 inhabitants in 1783, which increased to 244 in 1808, 319 in 1850, 1477 in 1910, 2163 in 1950 and 5587 in 1990.


Strikeforce: Diaz vs. Daley

Strikeforce: Diaz vs. Daley was a mixed martial arts event held by Strikeforce, the event took place on April 9, 2011, at the Valley View Casino Center in San Diego, California.

Background
This was the first non-Challengers event that Strikeforce held under the management of their new owners Zuffa, who bought the promotion the previous month.

This event was originally expected to feature Alistair Overeem vs. Fabrício Werdum and Josh Barnett vs. Brett Rogers, the two remaining quarter-final fights in the Heavyweight Grand Prix tournament.  Both the event and the fights were listed on Strikeforce's official site.  However, on March 2, 2011, Scott Coker confirmed the bouts were being moved to the Strikeforce: Overeem vs. Werdum event to be held in Dallas, Texas, on June 18 with Overeem & Barnett winning the rescheduled bouts.

K.J. Noons was expected to make his return to lightweight on this card,  but a bout did not materialize.

Mike Kyle was scheduled to face Gegard Mousasi, but withdrew from the bout on March 31, 2011, due to a broken hand. Keith Jardine agreed to step in on one week's notice to fight Mousasi. The Mousasi/Kyle bout finally took place at Strikeforce: Marquardt vs. Saffiedine in January 2013, where Mousasi submitted Kyle with a rear naked choke in the first round.

This is the last non-Challengers Strikeforce event to feature men's bouts in weight classes below lightweight.

The event drew an estimated average of 528,000 viewers, however peaked at 806,000 viewers.

Results

Payroll
Nick Diaz: $175,000 (no win bonus)
def. Paul Daley: $65,000

Gilbert Melendez: $150,000 (no win bonus)
def. Tatsuya Kawajiri: $97,612.50

Gegard Mousasi: $150,000
drew Keith Jardine: $25,000

Shinya Aoki: $73,637.50 (no win bonus)
def. Lyle Beerbohm: $10,000

Robert Peralta: $4,000 (includes $2,000 win bonus)
def. Hiroyuki Takaya: $2,740

Virgil Zwicker: $3,000 ($1,000 win bonus)
def. Brett Albee: $1,000

Joe Duarte: $2,000 ($1,000 win bonus)
def. Saad Awad: $1,500

Herman Terrado: $1,500 ($500 win bonus)
def. A.J. Matthews: $1,000

Rolando Perez: $3,000 ($1,000 win bonus)
def. Tom Peterson: $1,000

Casey Ryan: $2,000 ($1,000 win bonus)
def. Paul Song: $750


Tourism New Zealand

Tourism New Zealand is the marketing agency responsible for promoting New Zealand as a tourism destination internationally. It is the trading name of the New Zealand Tourism Board, a Crown entity established under the New Zealand Tourism Board Act 1991. The  Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment; (previously the New Zealand Ministry of Tourism) is the government department tasked with tourism policy and research.

New Zealand was the first country to dedicate a government department to tourism. In 1901, the Department of Tourist and Health Resorts came into being. Through most of the 20th century, its role was tactical - running hotels and putting together itineraries around New Zealand as well as advertising. The organisation now known as Tourism New Zealand focuses on marketing New Zealand.

International tourism has grown to become New Zealand's largest earner of foreign exchange, pumping around NZD14.5 billion annually into the nation's economy. Over 3.4 million visitors arrive in the country every year.

To achieve the best results Tourism New Zealand focuses marketing activity in core markets. The largest number of international visitors to New Zealand arrive from Australia, China and the USA.

In October 2017 Lonely Planet named New Zealand in the Top 10 countries to visit in 2018.

"100% Pure New Zealand"

The main marketing tool of Tourism New Zealand is the award-winning "100% Pure New Zealand" campaign, which had its ten-year anniversary in 2009. 100% Pure aims to showcase the range of unique experiences on offer in New Zealand – a 100% Pure experience.

The brand has attracted debate at times from scientists such as Mike Joy, environmentalists, and the Green Party who see the 100% Pure brand as an environmental statement.   New Zealand environment

Promotional activity

Tourism New Zealand markets New Zealand using the 100% Pure New Zealand marketing campaign. This campaign has evolved over the past 18 years.

The main channel for Tourism New Zealand's work is newzealand.com – a site that gets over 40 million visitors a year. It provides content for potential visitors on destinations and  things to Do in New Zealand.

Social Media

YouTube
Tourism New Zealand set up a YouTube channel in 2007 to launch the latest iteration of its 100% Pure New Zealand campaign,  and it featured the theme of New Zealand being the 'Youngest Country' in the world - the last major habitable landmass to be discovered.

Instagram
Tourism New Zealand's @purenewzealand Instagram account is among the top 5 Destination Management Organisations Instagram accounts.  Tourism New Zealand's hashtag #NZMustDo has attracted over 500,000 images and has over 600,000 followers. All content is user generated.


Tequila (disambiguation)

Tequila is an alcoholic drink made from agave juice.

Tequila may also refer to:

Geography
Tequila, Jalisco, the town in Mexico where the drink was invented
Tequila, Veracruz, a municipality in Mexico

People with the name
TeQuila (born 1985), Namibian singer
Tila Tequila or Tila Nguyen (born 1981), Vietnamese-American model

Arts, entertainment, and media

Fictional characters
Tequila Marjoram, a character in the Galaxy Angel series
Tequila Yuen, a character in the movie Hard Boiled and the video game Stranglehold

Music

Groups
Tequila (band), a Spanish rock group of the 1970s–1980s

Albums
Tequila (Brand New Sin album) (2006)
Tequila (Wes Montgomery album) (1966)

Songs
"Tequila" (Champs song), a 1958 song by the Champs
"Tequila" (Dan + Shay song), a song by Dan + Shay
"Tequila", a song by Kurupt
"Tequila", a song by Terrorvision

Television
Tequila and Bonetti, a comedy television series

Transportation
Tequila Express, a train in Mexico


6park

6park () is a Chinese Internet forum specializing in community-written news, launched in 2003. Its Chinese name means a place which made people are reluctant to leave. It is a "mega-BBS" with forums for subjects as diverse as economics, health, marriage, and online movies, etc., but its style is unique and unrelated to other mega-BBSes such as 2channel. Meanwhile, it is worth noticing that 6park is becoming one of the most important Internet platforms for oversea Chinese people.

It is often critical of the Chinese government and for that reason is  blocked by Chinese censors, though it has a large community of overseas Chinese students and expatriates from around the world, especially outside the United States. Moreover, this website is the first Chinese network which managed by the users themselves.

It has been mentioned in news sources such as Hua Sheng Online as a way for Chinese people living overseas to get news. The website provides news from China, as well as translating news from foreign media (such as newspaper, television and websites).


Certain Things Are Likely (album)

Certain Things Are Likely is the third studio album by English pop band Kissing the Pink, and their first under the acronym KTP, released in 1986 by Magnet Records. KTP co-produced the majority of the album with frequent collaborator Peter Walsh at various notable studios in Southern England (as well as one in Munich, Germany), but Magnet remixed most of the album in an attempt to make the album sound more commercial, using Phil Harding, which at the time Nick Whitecross explained "this record is like a ticket for us to go to as many people as possible". The album continued to express similar themes and values in their lyrics found on their previous albums, such as their deadpan surrealist humor and mordantly satirical social commentary.

Whilst the album itself failed to chart, the singles from the album got good airplay, allowing them to release one subsequent none-album single in 1988, "Stand Up (Get Down)", before being dropped from the label, meaning that Certain Things Are Likely would become Kissing the Pink's last studio album for seven years, until 1993's Sugarland, despite their various unsuccessful attempts to release music in the interim.

A remixed version of the album's title track "Certain Things Are Likely" was a No. 1 hit on the US Dance Club charts in 1987 but it did not chart in their homeland. "One Step", while only reaching No. 79 on the UK charts, was performed on Top of the Pops, and was also a success on the US Dance Club charts, peaking at No. 5. It also reached the Top 40 in Belgium, and the Netherlands. "Never Too Late to Love You, the least successful single from the album peaked at No. 32 on the US Dance Club charts but would later prove to be their final single to chart in the UK, peaking at No. 87.

Following the departure of founding members including second keyboardist George Stewart, saxophonist Josephine Wells, and violinist Peter Barnett, Certain Things Are Likely marked the first time that the band had had any other musicians but their own members playing on an album, and it features a variety of guest musicians on the album, including Matt Aitken (of Stock Aitken Waterman) providing additional guitar on the track "No-One's on the Same Side", whilst Derek Forbes (formerly of Simple Minds) provides additional bass on two tracks, "Dream, Dream", and "Jones". Chaz Jankel of Ian Dury and the Blockheads also provides additional bass on the final track of the album, "I Won't Wait". The album also features an array of backing vocalists, including Judy Cheeks.

After its original release, the album remained out-of-print on any format for many years. However, the album became available in 2012 via online MP3 download on major sites such as Amazon, and iTunes. This digital release included two bonus tracks, a 12" extended mix of "One Step", and a 7" radio mix of "Certain Things Are Likely".

Critical reception

In a retrospective review for AllMusic, critic Michael Sutton wrote of the album, "Kissing the Pink's Certain Things Are Likely is generally considered by KTP fans to be the group's weakest LP. And they're right", adding that the album "sounds as if the band was trying hard to produce a hit."

Track listing

Personnel
Credits are adapted from the Certain Things Are Likely liner notes.

KTP
Nicholas Whitecross – lead vocals; guitar
Jon Kingsley Hall – keyboards; vocals
Simon Aldridge – guitar; vocals
Stephen Cusack – drums; vocals

Additional musicians
Matt Aitken – additional guitar
Alistair Fraser – bagpipes
Philip Bagenal – additional keyboards
Derek Forbes – additional bass on
Andy Pasque – additional bass on
Alan Taylor – additional bass on
Chaz Jankel – additional bass on
Judy Cheeks – backing vocals
Victoria Miles – backing vocals
Scarlett Von Wollenman – backing vocals
The Lewis Sisters – backing vocals


Toxitiades

Toxitiades is a genus of beetles in the family Cerambycidae, containing the following species:

 Toxitiades russus (Fairmaire, 1893)
 Toxitiades sericeus (Guérin-Méneville, 1844)
 Toxitiades subustus (Fairmaire, 1893)
 Toxitiades vinosus (Fairmaire, 1893)


Little Berger, Missouri

Little Berger is an unincorporated community in Gasconade County, in the U.S. state of Missouri.

History
A post office called Little Berger was established in 1872, and remained in operation until 1901. The community takes its name from nearby Little Berger Creek.


Gillian Bourke

Gillian Bourke (born August 28, 1984) is a female rugby union player. She represented  at the 2010 and 2014 Women's Rugby World Cup, where she was voted the Number 2 position in the WRWC Team of the Tournament.

She has 51 caps for Ireland, playing from 2008-2015, winning the Six Nations Grand Slam in 2013, and the Six Nations Championship in 2015.

She was also invited to play with the legendary Barbarians team in February 2018 against the British Army, and again in April 2019 against the USA Women’s National team in Denver, Colarado. She was voted  Munster Women’s Player of the Year for the 2017-18 season.

In August 2019, she moved from her club Stade Francais in Paris to join Tyrrell’s Premier 15s giants Harlequins.

Bourke studied Sport Science at the University of Limerick. She is a performance analyst.

She works as a Game Analyst with World Rugby.


Messenger Premier League

The Messenger Premier League (MPL) is a professional table tennis competition in Australia.

The league comprises 16 teams which play against each other in 22 rounds between late March and late August. This is followed by a four-week finals series in September which culminates in two teams playing off for the Premiership in the MPL Grand Final.

Minor round matches consist of one set, first to 21 points. In the finals and MPL Grand Final, matches consist of three sets, first to 21 points. All matches are played at Messenger Park.

MPL Grand Final week, traditionally the last week in September, kicks-off with the presentation of the Walls Medal for the best and fairest player on the Monday night. MPL Grand Final Day traditionally starts with the Farmers Grand Final Breakfast.  The MPL Grand Final is then played at noon on the last Friday in September.

History
The MPL was established in 1951 by four founding clubs – the Hawks, Speed, Hornets and Pelicans. From humble beginnings, the league grew to eight clubs by the 1960s and 12 by 1970. The 1970s and 1980s were dominated by two clubs, the Frost and the Jazz. The fierce rivalry culminated in the 1986 MPL Grand Final, commonly referred to as The Bloodbath of '86. The league hit financial difficulties in the late 1980s, with several clubs declaring bankruptcy. But after extensive financial restructuring, the league started to recover and expand during the 1990s. The 2000s (decade) has become a golden era for the MPL, with 16 clubs and crowds regularly topping 30,000 and public interest and media coverage at record levels.

2008

At the end of the 2008 minor round, the Hawks topped the ladder after going through the entire season undefeated. The Speed, Field Mice and Swans rounded out the top four. The Falcons narrowly missed a top-four spot in fifth, followed by the Power, Demons and Hornets. The Pelicans finished last to claim the wooden spoon. The Hornets and Demons were eliminated in the first week of the finals. In the semi-finals, the Field Mice defeated the Power and the Falcons upset the highly fancied Swans. In the Preliminary Finals, the Speed beat the Falcons in a classic contest 25–23, 17–21, 21–18. The Hawks easily accounted for the Field Mice in straight sets in the other Preliminary Final. This set up a Grand Final showdown between the Hawks and the Speed on 26 September. The Hawks defeated the Speed, two sets to one, in front of 160,000 people to complete the first undefeated season in MPL History.

2009

The Hawks lost their first match in more than a season to bitter rivals the Falcons and also lost a minor round match to the Demons. This triggered rumours the Hawks had over indulged during the off-season. The Bunnies emerged as a new power club and finished the minor round in the top four. The Speed pulled out of the competition due to injury. The Pelicans again failed to win a match despite optimism from the fans it would win its round 13 match against the Knight Riders. The League welcomed several new clubs including the Sergeants, Tapirs and Knight Riders. C-Gas United (Formerly the Clowns) went on a dream run during the finals, including an upset semi-final win over the Field Mice in the semi-finals. C-GAS fell to the Hawks in the preliminary final. The Hawks therefore progressed to the grand final. On the other side of the draw the Bunnies steamrolled through to the decider after comfortable wins over the Sawns and Demons. The Demons later accused the Bunnies of having an unfair advantage due to superior training facilities. This set up a Hawks-Bunnies grand final. The Bunnies, using their power game, won the first set but the Hawks fought back to win a tight second set, and also a tight deciding set, to claim back-to-back flags. It was the first time a club had gone back-to-back since the Frost in 1987–88. More than 200,000 fans attended the 2009 grand final.

2010

The League's attempt to start an S-League (division two) proved a failure. Dwindling attendances and cost blow-outs forced the abandonment of this competition mid-season. The MPL season had to be shortened due to a pay dispute but still proved to be exciting. Clubs only played 13 rounds. The Celtics entered the League and became a force, going all the way to the grand final after beating the Bunnies in a spiteful prelim final. On the other side of the draw, the Hawks again progressed to the grand final. A record 250,000 fans attended the grand final but it proved a fizzer. After consecutive three-set thrillers in 2008 and 09, the 2010 grand final was one-sided, with the Hawks winning in straight sets and never being seriously challenged. The win meant the Hawks became the first club to win three straight grand finals since WWII.

2011

At the end of the 2010 season four clubs – the Tapirs, Bunnies, Hawks and Sergeants – broke away from the rest of the League and formed the Davis Cup League (DCL) after their demands for a better pay deal were resumed.
The Hawks have since committed to returning to the MPL in 2011 after having their request for the tennancy rights at the soon-to-be-redeveloped Adelaide Oval approved by the League.
The Tapirs, Sergeants and Bunnies are yet to commit to either League.

Premiers
2008 – Hawks

2009 – Hawks

2010 – Hawks

2011 – Lock out season

Clubs

Present clubs

Bombers (defunct)
Bunnies
Demons (defunct)
Dockers (defunct)
Falcons (defunct)
Farmers (in voluntary administration)
Field Mice
Frost (defunct)
Hornets
Hawks
Jazz (defunct)
CGAS United (formerly, Klowns in administration)
Pelicans (relocated to Hutt St)
Power
Speed (relocated to Port Augusta)
Swans (retired)
Sergeants
Tapirs
Celtics (defunct)
Warriors
Knight Riders

Other Defunct clubs

Canaries
Penguins

Possible future clubs

Gorillas


2008 Ordina Open – Men's Singles

The 2008 Ordina Open – Men's Singles was one of the competitions of the 2008 Ordina Open tennis tournament held in Rosmalen, Netherlands. The event was held from 15 through 21 June and comprised a draw of 32 players of which eight were seeded. Four players gained entry through the qualification tournament and additionally three players received a wild card for direct admission into the draw.

Ivan Ljubičić was the defending champion of the men's singles tennis event at the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships, but lost in the second round to Viktor Troicki.

First-seeded David Ferrer won in the final 6–4, 6–2, against unseeded Marc Gicquel and earned €59,100 first-prize money as well as 175 ranking points.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top Half

Bottom Half

External links
 Singles draw
 Qualifying draw

Men's Singles
Ordina Open


Research Enterprises Limited

Research Enterprises Limited (REL for short) was a short-lived Toronto-based Crown Corporation that built electronics and optical instruments during World War II. They existed only six years from late 1940 until 1946, and active only from late 1941, but during that period they became Leaside's largest employer, producing C$220 million worth of radar systems and optical instruments ($ million in ). After the war, the government rapidly closed the various wartime companies it had started. After REL was closed, their factories formed the basis of a Corning Glass plant, Philips Electronics, and a variety of other firms. Today only a few of the original buildings still stand, used primarily for light industrial and small commercial enterprises.

History

NRC optics shop

In August 1939, General Andrew McNaughton, President of the National Research Council (NRC), asked the head of the NRC's Optics Section, L.E. Howlett, to prepare a report on how to set up an optics industry in Canada. McNaughton remembered the acute shortages of any sort of optical equipment in World War I and intended to address this. Howlett returned a report on 11 September, stating that the first task should be to visit their US counterparts in the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and ask their advice. McNaughton immediately approved his plan, and Howlett left for Washington, DC on the 13th.

In Washington, Howlett found that his counterparts at the NBS had faced exactly the same problem in World War I, and were happy to provide complete details of their solutions. On his way back to Ottawa, Howlett visited Bausch and Lomb (B&L) in Rochester and Spencer Lens (of the American Optical Company) in Buffalo, both of whom were equally forthcoming with information. Howlett completed his report to McNaughton in October. McNaughton took the report to the Government, but found them unwilling to provide funds.

However, the NRC had funds available in its budget, and the new director, C.J. Mackenzie (who took over from McNaughton), was convinced to start initial work on the concept. On 16 November, Mackenzie asked to Howlett to draw up floor plans for an optical shop for the NRC, and funding was provided on 20 November. The shop was up and running by early 1940, and on 1 March it was put under the direction of J. N. Cairns. By the end of April, the shop was turning out samples of all sorts of optical equipment.

Building the optics factory

By this time, McNaughton had moved to England where he commanded the Canadian Army. Early that year, a Lt.Col. Harrison of the Department of Munitions and Supply visited McNaughton in the UK, where McNaughton convinced him of the necessity of setting up a real optics factory. Harrison returned to Canada, and on 26 April 1940 called a meeting to discuss the idea. He was convinced the easiest solution was to simply get the Americans to do it, and they approached the Spencer Lens to set up shop in Canada, but they proved skeptical.

The fall of France and the Dunkirk Evacuation convinced the authorities immediate action was needed, and the Optics Section received a request for the floor plan of a complete factory on 11 June 1940. After short consideration, the decision was made, apparently by C. D. Howe, to build the factory as a Crown Corporation known as Research Enterprises Limited. The company was formally established on 16 July with George Sweny as the General Manager. Early consideration was given to building the factory in the Ottawa area, close to the NRC, but Sweny convinced them that Toronto's labor pool was more suitable.

On 30 June, Howlett traveled to the US with professor R.J. Montgomery of the University of Toronto who had recently joined the Optics Section. Montgomery had previously worked at B&L in Rochester. They returned to Washington along with a draftsman to collect a list of the machinery they would need to equip a factory. In August, Sweny, Howlett and Henderson went to Toronto to scout locations, and picked the Leaside Business Park. This was formerly the home of the World War I-era Leaside Aerodrome, but by this time being used by a number of small industrial companies and was well served by a major line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and was the site of a major Canadian National Railway maintenance depot.

With the location selected, the NCR issued orders for all of the equipment, including a furnace, stirrers and casting machines. Believing the US was going to enter the war and that machine supplies would dry up, the NCR placed additional orders for machine tools and other supplies, to the order of $600,000 ($ in ). On 27 August, Howe appointed Lt.Col. W. E. Phillips to the board, and he replaced Sweny as GM on 30 November. Sod was turned on 16 September 1940, and the first glass poured on 5 June 1941.

Tizard Mission

On 16 August, Henry Tizard visited the NRC as part of what would become the Tizard Mission. He met Mackenzie and Fowler but found them preoccupied, testing a local invention that proceeded to fail. He spent the rest of the day meeting politicians and had dinner with Prime Minister Mackenzie King. Over the next three days he surveyed the Canadian research capabilities, and was told by Fowler that they had little to do at the NCR, which is why they were testing silly inventions.

When he asked about radar, knowing they had been briefed on the topic by famous Canadian explorer Charles Wright in early 1939, he was saddened to learn that only a small amount of money had been spent on studying the matter, and this only started in September 1939. Although several rounds of funding had followed, including $40,000 in May 1940, the NRC efforts had been somewhat bumbling, successful only in developing a Coast Defence radar that was state-of-the-art for 1938. Nevertheless, with this minor success, in July the government approved the building of a small factory employing 130 to 140 people.

Having moved on to Washington on 9 September, Tizard was later joined by a small team from the NRC to coordinate the efforts of the three nations. Tizard told Fowler that they should immediately begin to work on starting production of the Air-to-Surface Vessel radar (ASV), used to search for ships. Of the variety of small radars developed by that time, ASV was technically the simplest. After the main work of the Mission was over, on 24 October the remaining Mission members returned to Ottawa and found that their earlier meetings in September had a profound effect. Instead of the small radar factory originally envisioned, plans were now underway for a major electronics factory, employing hundreds. Just how large was the only matter of debate.

Tizard had returned to the UK by this point, and his position with the coordinating group had been taken over by John Cockcroft. The NRC explained that plans had not been formalized because the UK government had not placed any firm orders, nor indicated when or how large those orders might be. Cockcroft took it upon himself to write an official memo outlining a development plan including the immediate construction of a factory to build ASV sets for both UK and US use, followed by a microwave-frequency gun-laying set for anti-aircraft guns, and another seven projects of lower priority. He also suggested building out the capacity to produce the required vacuum tubes and similar electronics to support the programs. He concluded that the factory should be large enough to support sales to both the UK and US.

Electronics factory

An office was opened in Toronto on 3 September 1940 to oversee the expansion, and the week of 14 to 20 October saw "much activity" by Howe, Sweny, Phillips and R.A. Hackbusch. Hackbusch had been hired away from Stromberg-Carlson by Phillips in order to run the electronics division.

Phillips quickly produced the design for an electronics factory, initially to produce cathode ray tubes, whose lack of production was a serious problem for UK radar efforts at that time. REL's existing optics side would be ideal for supporting this. A cost-plus contract for a  shop employing 500 workers, along with a gatehouse and cafeteria, were approved by Cabinet on 16 November. $750,000 ($ today) was provided on 28 December. A September contract for $124,000 in machine tools was raised to $700,000. The plant would be owned by REL, but managed by General Electric.

To support the opening of the factory, Phillips arranged for a number of engineers to be hosted by the NRC's Radio Branch over the winter of 1940/41 while the factory was under construction. The buildings were completed in March and the equipment installed rapidly. Canada Wire and Cable, already in Leaside, began expanding with the addition of a vulcanizing drop tower to produce the insulated wires needed to carry high-voltage radar signals. Northern Electric was placed in charge of starting production of the micropup tubes used in the ASV sets as well as the cavity magnetron used in more modern designs.

By August, the electronics factory already had orders totalling $36,798,000 ($ today), mostly radar systems of UK design that were being sold to the US. However, the company quickly fell behind on their deliveries, and put the blame on a number of engineering changes ordered by the Radio Branch of the NRC. A round of fingerpointing soon broke out, which had to be smoothed over by McNaughton, who made notes in his diary about his correspondence with Phillips:

and said there was a general deterioration of the nerves these days, people were tired and there was a lot of loss of control. I told him we did not intend to do anything about it, but any time he wished to check up we had facts that would be satisfactory. It was a very interesting interview.

Although delivery rates began to improve, quality became a serious problem. During 1942, Mackenzie of the NRC became increasingly suspicious that Hackebusch was the ultimate cause of the problems. On 11 November 1942, Col. Wallace visited REL with two of the NRC section heads and began interviewing people on the shop floor. One superintendent admitted that Hackebusch personally ordered him to concentrate on quantity rather than quality, and that in order to improve delivery times, units were being shipped untested. It also became clear that Hackebusch had kept this from Phillips.

During a visit to Ottawa in March 1943, Phillips met with Mackenzie and Wallace and agreed the problem was real, admitting "all the weaknesses of Hackbusch and [said] they are going to make a fundamental change which we all know is overdue by at least two years." But it was not until 2 September that Hackbusch was gone. A week later, Wallace was given the job, although he remained Director of the Radio Branch at NRC as well. When Mackenzie visited on 30 March 1944, he reported that the company was completely reorganized. Nevertheless, the setbacks proved fatal to the efforts, and was never able to deliver sets that competed with the rapidly improving designs from the UK and especially the US.

By the end of the war, REL had shipped thousands of radar sets of a variety of models. Among these were the Chain Home Low systems for the US that were rushed into service in the Canal Zone, as well as being the primary supplier of the UK's GL Mk. III radar system used to automatically aim anti-aircraft artillery. To support their construction, the company also ran a training facility in concert with the NRC, located near today's Bluffer's Park in Scarborough. The Scarborough site was used to test the pioneering DATAR computer in the 1950s.

Wind-down and closure
At its peak in 1944, the company plants covered the majority of the area between Eglinton Avenue on the north, Laird Drive on the west, and Research Road on the south, along with smaller shops and storage extending to Wicksteed Avenue further south. In total, the company estate covered , had  of floor space, employed 7,500 men and women (in about equal numbers), and produced $220 million ($ million in ) worth of radar systems and optical instruments. They were the largest single employer to ever operate in the Leaside area.

By the middle of 1944 the Canadian Army was in combat in Europe, and was well supplied and equipped. The US had brought their own massive production capacity to bear, and were no longer placing large orders with Canadian firms. Orders for military equipment were dwindling, and in December 1944 the company laid off 1,000 workers, including 600 local residents. Some of the vacated factory area was later used by another Crown Corporation, Turbo Research, but like REL they found their funding was dwindling as the war effort wound down. Turbo Research was purchased by Avro Canada in 1946 and became Orenda Engines, moving to Malton on the west side of the city.

With the ending of the war there was some political debate about keeping the larger Crown companies under government control, selling them whole, or simply closing them as rapidly as possible. The later came to pass, due to a policy of not competing with private companies during peacetime, and REL was shut down entirely in September 1946. This was part of a wider drop in employment in the Leaside area, which dwindled from 13,290 in 1943 to 5,712 in 1946.

Re-use
Parts of the REL factories were soon purchased by other companies, large and small. The optical plant was taken over by Corning Glass, who produced Pyrex at the site for many years. Portions of the electronics factory were taken over by Honeywell Controls, others were used by Rogers-Majestic (the original Rogers Communications) until that was sold to Canadian Radio Manufacturing and then again to Philips. Other buildings became Lincoln Electric Motors.

Philips built a new three-story executive office building on the site known as "The White House", which was officially opened by Paul Hellyer and Ontario Premier William Davis in 1966. The building's illuminated sign was a local landmark. Philips moved their operations to Scarborough in 1976. Honeywell followed to Scarborough as well, before closing the new plant in December 2011. The Canada Wire plant moved to Markham in 1996 and is today known as Nexans North America. Lincoln remains as the only major manufacturing plant in Leaside , having expanded several times.

Products
One of REL's best known products were their binoculars. A common 6x30 set was produced to the extent of about 50,000 examples, while a 7x50 set added another 25,000 examples. A very small number, about six, of an experimental 20x72 were also built.

Another well known REL product was a series of telescopic sights for the Lee–Enfield No. 4 MK. I* (T) sniper rifle. These were initially copies of the British model and were delivered as the C No. 32 Mk. I, but deliveries were slowed due to demands for glass and production facilities for the wide variety of instruments then under construction, everything from gunsights for tanks and artillery to observer's telescopes to the binoculars. By the end of the war, 326 C No. 32 Mk. I's had been delivered, along with  113 C No. 32 Mk. IA and 255 C No. 32 Mk. II. A quantity of C No. 32 MK. 3 telescopes were also made. Unhappy with the C No. 32, REL experimented with a number of commercial designs, and eventually delivered the C No. 67 MK. I, which was initially labelled by the British as C No. 32 MK. IV against Canadian wishes and was  lighter than the British models.

Among many electronics products were the CHL and GL radars, ASV Mk. II radar for the US, IFF transponders, height finder radar and microwave-frequency early warning radar of Canadian design.