Helium dimer

The helium dimer is a van der Waals molecule with formula He2 consisting of two helium atoms. This chemical is the largest diatomic molecule—a molecule consisting of two atoms bonded together. The bond that holds this dimer together is so weak that it will break if the molecule rotates, or vibrates too much. It can only exist at very low cryogenic temperatures.

Two excited helium atoms can also bond to each other in a form called an excimer. This was discovered from a spectrum of helium that contained bands first seen in 1912. Written as He2* with the * meaning an excited state, it is the first known Rydberg molecule.

Several dihelium ions also exist, having net charges of negative one, positive one, and positive two. Two helium atoms can be confined together without bonding in the cage of a fullerene.

Molecule
Based on molecular orbital theory, He2 should not exist, and a chemical bond cannot form between the atoms. However, the van der Waals force exists between helium atoms as shown by the existence of liquid helium, and at a certain range of distances between atoms the attraction exceeds the repulsion. So a molecule composed of two helium atoms bound by the van der Waals force can exist. The existence of this molecule was proposed as early as 1930.

He2 is the largest known molecule of two atoms when in its ground state, due to its extremely long bond length. The He2 molecule has a large separation distance between the atoms of about 5200 pm (= 52 ångström). This is the largest for a diatomic molecule without ro-vibronic excitation. The binding energy is only about 1.3 mK, 10−7eV or 1.1×10−5 kcal/mol, or 150 nanoelectron Volts. The bond is 5000 times weaker than the covalent bond in the hydrogen molecule.

Both helium atoms in the dimer can be ionized by a single photon with energy 63.86 eV. The proposed mechanism for this double ionization is that the photon ejects an electron from one atom, and then that electron hits the other helium atom and ionizes that as well. The dimer then explodes as two helium cations ions repel each other with the same speed but opposite directions.

A dihelium molecule bound by Van der Waals forces was first proposed by John Clarke Slater in 1928.

Formation
The helium dimer can be formed in small amounts when helium gas expands and cools as it passes through a nozzle in a gas beam. Only the isotope 4He can form molecules like this; 4He3He and 3He3He do not exist, as they do not have a stable bound state. The amount of the dimer formed in the gas beam is of the order of one percent.

Molecular ions
He2+ is a related ion bonded by a half covalent bond. It can be formed in a helium electrical discharge. It recombines with electrons to form an electronically excited He2(a3Σ+u) excimer molecule. Both of these molecules are much smaller with more normally sized interatomic distances. He2+ reacts with N2, Ar, Xe, O2, and CO2 to form anions and neutral helium atoms.

The helium dication dimer He22+ is extremely repulsive and would release much energy when it dissociated, around 835 kJ/mol. Dynamical stability of the ion was predicted by Linus Pauling. An energy barrier of 33.2 kcal/mol prevents immediate decay. This ion is isoelectronic with the hydrogen molecule. He22+ is the smallest possible molecule with a double positive charge. It is detectable using mass spectroscopy.

The negative helium dimer He2− is metastable and was discovered by Bae, Coggiola and Peterson in 1984 by passing He2+ through cesium vapor.    Subsequently, H. H. Michels theoretically confirmed its existence and concluded that the 4Πg state of He2− is bound relative to the a2Σ+u state of He2. The calculated electron affinity is 0.233 eV compared to 0.077 eV for the He−[4P∘] ion. The He2− decays through the long-lived 5/2g component with τ∼350 μsec and the much shorter-lived 3/2g, 1/2g components with τ∼10 μsec. The 4Πg state has a 1σ2g1σu2σg2πu electronic configuration, its electron affinity E is 0.18±0.03 eV, and its lifetime is 135±15 μsec; only the v=0 vibrational state is responsible for this long-lived state.

The molecular helium anion is also found in liquid helium that has been excited by electrons with an energy level higher than 22 eV. This takes place firstly by penetration of liquid He, taking 1.2 eV, followed by excitation of a He atom electron to the 3P level, which takes 19.8 eV. The electron can then combine with another helium atom and the excited helium atom to form He2−. He2− repels helium atoms, and so has a void around it. It will tend to migrate to the surface of liquid helium.

Excimers
In a normal helium atom two electrons are found in the 1s orbital. However, if sufficient energy is added, one electron can be elevated to a higher energy level. This high energy electron can become a valence electron, and the electron that remains in the 1s orbital is a core electron. Two excited helium atoms can react with a covalent bond to form a molecule called dihelium that lasts for short times of the order of a microsecond up to second or so. Excited helium atoms in the 23S state can last for up to an hour, and react like alkali metal atoms.

The first clues that dihelium exists were noticed in 1900 when W. Heuse observed a band spectrum in a helium discharge. However, no information about the nature of the spectrum was published. Independently E. Goldstein from Germany and W. E. Curtis from London published details of the spectrum in 1913. Curtis was called away to military service in World War I, and the study of the spectrum was continued by Alfred Fowler. Fowler recognised that the double headed bands fell into two sequences analogous to principal and diffuse series in line spectra.

The emission band spectrum shows a number of bands that degrade towards the red, meaning that the lines thin out and the spectrum weakens towards the longer wavelengths. Only one band with a green band head at 5732 Å degrades towards the violet. Other strong band heads are at 6400 (red), 4649, 4626, 4546, 4157.8, 3777, 3677, 3665, 3356.5, and 3348.5 Å. There are also some headless bands and extra lines in the spectrum. Weak bands are found with heads at 5133 and 5108.

If the valence electron is in a 2s 3s, or 3d orbital, a 1Σu state results; if it is in 2p 3p or 4p, a 1Σg state results. The ground state is X1Σg+.

The three lowest triplet states of He2 have designations a3Σu, b3Πg and c3Σg. The a3Σu state with no vibration (v=0) has a long metastable lifetime of 18 s, much longer than the lifetime for other states or inert gas excimers. The explanation is that the a3Σu state has no electron orbital angular momentum, as all the electrons are in S orbitals for the helium state.

The lower lying singlet states of He2 are A1Σu, B1Πg and C1Σg. The excimer molecules are much smaller and more tightly bound than the van der Waals bonded helium dimer. For the A1Σu state the binding energy is around 2.5 eV, with a separation of the atoms of 103.9 pm. The C1Σg state has a binding energy 0.643 eV and the separation between atoms is 109.1 pm. These two states have a repulsive range of distances with a maximum around 300 pm, where if the excited atoms approach, they have to overcome an energy barrier. The singlet state A1Σ+u is very unstable with a lifetime only nanoseconds long.

The spectrum of the He2 excimer contains bands due to a great number of lines due to transitions between different rotation rates and vibrational states, combined with different electronic transitions. The lines can be grouped into P, Q and R branches. But the even numbered rotational levels do not have Q branch lines, due to both nuclei being spin 0. Numerous electronic states of the molecule have been studied, including Rydberg states with the number of the shell up to 25.

Helium discharge lamps produce vacuum ultraviolet radiation from helium molecules. When high energy protons hit helium gas it also produces UV emission at around 600 Å by the decay of excited highly vibrating molecules of He2 in the A1Σu state to the ground state. The UV radiation from excited helium molecules is used in the pulsed discharge ionization detector (PDHID) which is capable of detecting the contents of mixed gases at levels below parts per billion.

The Hopfield continuum is a band of ultraviolet light between 600 and 1000 Å in wavelength formed by photodissociation of helium molecules.

One mechanism for formation of the helium molecules is firstly a helium atom becomes excited with one electron in the 21S orbital. This excited atom meets two other non excited helium atoms in a three body association and reacts to form a A1Σu state molecule with maximum vibration and a helium atom.

Helium molecules in the quintet state 5Σ+g can be formed by the reaction of two spin polarised helium atoms in He(23S1) states. This molecule has a high energy level of 20 eV. The highest vibration level allowed is v=14.

In liquid helium the excimer forms a solvation bubble. In a 3d state a He molecule is surrounded by a bubble 12.7 Å in radius at atmospheric pressure.  When pressure is increased to 24 atmospheres the bubble radius shrinks to 10.8 Å. This changing bubble size causes a shift in the fluorescence bands.

Magnetic condensation
In very strong magnetic fields, (around 750,000 Tesla) and low enough temperatures, helium atoms attract, and can even form linear chains. This may happen in white dwarfs and neutron stars. The bond length and dissociation energy both increase as the magnetic field increases.

Use
The dihelium excimer is an important component in the helium discharge lamp.

A second use of dihelium ion is in ambient ionization techniques using low temperature plasma. In this helium atoms are excited, and then combine to yield the dihelium ion. The He2+ goes on to react with N2 in the air to make N2+.  These ions react with a sample surface to make positive ions that are used in mass spectroscopy. The plasma containing the helium dimer can be as low as 30 °C in temperature, and this reduces heat damage to samples.

Clusters
He2 has been shown to form van der Waals compounds with other atoms forming bigger clusters such as 24MgHe2 and 40CaHe2.

The helium-4 trimer (4He3), a cluster of three helium atoms, is predicted to have an excited state which is an Efimov state. This has been confirmed experimentally in 2015.

Cage
Two helium atoms can fit inside larger fullerenes, including C70 and C84. These can be detected by the nuclear magnetic resonance of 3He having a small shift, and by mass spectrometry. C84 with enclosed helium can contain 20% He2@C84, whereas C78 has 10% and C76 has 8%. The larger cavities are more likely to hold more atoms. Even when the two helium atoms are placed closely to each other in a small cage, there is no chemical bond between them. The presence of two He atoms in a C60 fullerene cage is only predicted to have a small effect on the reactivity of the fullerene. The effect is to have electrons withdrawn from the endohedral helium atoms, giving them a slight positive partial charge to produce He2δ+, which have a stronger bond than uncharged helium atoms. However, by the Löwdin definition there is a bond present.

The two helium atoms inside the C60 cage are separated by 1.979 Å and the distance from a helium atom to the carbon cage is 2.507 Å. The charge transfer gives 0.011 electron charge units to each helium atom. There should be at least 10 vibrational levels for the He-He pair.


Vajira Hospital

Vajira Hospital (, ) is one of the first hospitals in Thailand, founded by King Rama VI. It is a teaching university hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University. It is situated on Samsen Road, Dusit District, Bangkok, Thailand.

Background
Vajira Hospital is funded and operated by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA). Following the establishment of the Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital (then BMA Medical College) it has been a teaching hospital since. It now houses the campus of the Faculty of Medicine, and also the training center of the Kuakarun Faculty of Nursing which are faculties of Navamindradhiraj University. Vajira is known for its excellency in clinical services, medical education and urban medication programs.

The hospital serves a large numbers of patients, serving more than 700,000 out-patient visits and around 30,000 in-patient admitted annually, predominantly in general healthcare, it also has various specialized departments and excellency centers such as a Cardiovascular center, an Oncology center, Neurosurgery center, Kidney center, and a Trauma center, one of Bangkok's finest Emergency Medicine center, and many more, serving as a referral center for many other hospitals. It has an in-patient capacity of 900 beds, the largest operated by the BMA, and within some of the country's largest hospitals.

History

Public healthcare facilities or modern hospitals only became available in Siam in the late 19th century. But the number and quality of facilities were still insufficient to meet the rising public demand. When H.M. the King Vajiravudh (Rama VI) ascended to the throne, he follow a royal tradition that Kings of Siam would build temples and monasteries in order to contribute to Buddhism. However at the time, there were already large numbers of religious sites in Bangkok, so H.M. the King Vajiravudh decides on building a hospital instead, as to improve the lives of citizens, providing efficient primary healthcare. He donated money from his own private funds for the establishment of the hospital. The hospital was built in an area once called “Himmapan Garden” located in the northern part of Bangkok, near the bank of Chao Phraya River.

The hospital was opened by King Vajiravudh on January 2, 1913 (B.E. 2455). The King named the hospital "Wachiraphayaban" (วชิรพยาบาล) translated "Vajira Healthcare" or simply "Vajira Hospital". The Hospital was appointed to the Nakhonban Ministry (กระทรวงนครบาล) for administration, but currently operated by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. It was one of the earliest built modern hospitals in Bangkok, serving areas of northern Bangkok and northern part of Thonburi areas.

In 1923 Prince Mahidol, the father of Thai modern medicine, was appointed director of the Hospital. Vajira hospital underwent immense changes and improvements. It expanded from its historic site next to Samsen road to the edges of the Chao Phraya River. In 1954 it became a teaching hospital for its nursing school, now Kuakarun college of nursing. In 1985 it became a Medical School known as the Faculty of Medicine Srinakharinwirot University. Srinakharinwirot medical student attend clinical years training at Vajira hospital. Later on in 1993 the BMA Medical College was established, which headquarters here in Vajira hospital. BMA medical students spends their pre-clinic years at Mahidol University and clinic years in Vajira hospital. At the time Vajira hospital handles over 600 medical students, in clinic years alone.

By 1998 Vajira Hospital and BMA Medical College were merged to form a unity in healthcare services and education, under the name "BMA Medical College & Vajira Hospital". In 2010 BMA Medical College & Vajira Hospital along with Kuakarun College of Nursing joined to form a new University named University of Bangkok Metropolis, with the medical school's name changed to "Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, University of Bangkok Metropolis".


Panford Beck

Panford Beck is a minor watercourse that is entirely in the county of Norfolk, eastern England. This small short beck rises within the Parish of North Elmham a mile north east of the village of Brisley (). The beck is a tributary of the Black Water which eventually joins the River Wensum.  The headwater is a small pool by the side of a lane. From here the beck flows south across open farmland where various streams and ditches contribute to its flow. After a distance of  it joins the Black Water.


Laemodonta siamensis

Laemodonta siamensis is a species of small air-breathing saltmarsh snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Ellobiidae.

Distribution
The distribution of Laemodonta siamensis includes:
 Japan. It is critically endangered and endangered (CR＋EN) in Japan.
 Thailand


Santa Maria in Via, Camerino

Santa Maria in Via is a Baroque style Roman Catholic church and Marian Shrine in Camerino, in the province of Macerata, region of Marche, Italy.

History

The church was designed at the site of former small oratory, acquired by the Cardinal Angelo Giori between 1639 and 1642. In 1643, the Cardinal acquired a venerated 13th-century image of the Madonna and Child attributed to the Master of Camerino. The Cardinal commissioned Andrea Sacchi to design the church, consecrated in 1654.

The layout is elliptical with four lateral semicircular chapels. The chapel of the crucifix and a baptistery occupy the anterior chapels, while towards the apses is the oratory of the confraternity and the sacristy, opening to the aedicule with the icons of the Virgin. The icon was restored in 1973. The icon has writing in gothic letters stating “Virgo parit Christum velut angelus intimat ipsum”.

The original brick ceiling collapsed during an earthquake in 1799, and was replaced by trussed roof. The interior is decorated with faux polychrome marble (scagliola)and completed only in 1896 by dall'Adami of Rome and the Ferranti of Tolentino. The church was damaged again by the 1997 earthquake and reopened for worship in September 2006.

The nave ceiling was frescoed by Giuseppe Rinaldi, known as lo Spazza, and depicts the Life and Mysteries of Mary. The presbytery was painted by Orazio Orazi, depicting the icon of the Madonna and Child of the Master of Camerino putatively arriving from Smyrna (Izmir) and its coronation.

In the chapel to the right, was once the tomb of Cardinal Giori, it now houses the crucifix with which in 1750, St Paolo della Croce, founder of the Passionists, blessed the people of Camerino, while promulgating his eremitic monastic mission. The paper mache crucifix was derived from a Chapel in the Strada di Beldiletto.

Cardinal Giori originally aimed to endow each of the four chapels with three master paintings. Ultimately, many of the paintings are copies of Baroque masterworks. In the first chapel on right, the paintings depict Saints Francis of Sales and Paola by Andrea Sacchi.  The Second chapel has a copy of the altarpiece of St Michael Archangel by Guido Reni. In the chapel near the entrance, is a Flagellation of Christ by a painter influenced by Caravaggio. The sacristy has two canvases by Valentin de Boulogne, depicting St John the Baptist and St Jerome, restored in 1973. In the oratory, are depiction of seven apostles, by a follower of Sacchi, and a St Andrew, copy of a work by Simon Vouet.


Park Kun-ha

Park Kun-ha (born 25 July 1971 in Daejeon, South Korea) is a retired South Korean footballer.

Career
He started his professional career in 1996 as the founding member of Suwon Samsung Bluewings. At first, he played as a striker and scored many goals and help the Bluewings to win the championship in 1998 and 1999 and Asian Champions Cup and Asian Super Cup in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Later, he changed his position to defender and helped the Bluewings to win their third championship in the history.

He retired in 2006 and became an assistant coach of the first team at the Suwon Bluewings. In 2009, he became the manager of Suwon Bluewings U18 team (Maetan High School Football Club).

With Bluewings, he won three K-League championships and also won the Rookie of the Year award in the 1996 season.

Club statistics

National team statistics

International goals
Results list South Korea's goal tally first.


Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Reality Show Host

The Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Reality Host is one of the award categories presented annually by the Critics' Choice Television Awards (BTJA) to recognize the work done by television hosts.

Winners and nominees

2010s

Multiple wins
2 wins
Tom Bergeron
Cat Deeley

Multiple nominations
7 nominations
Tom Bergeron

6 nominations
Cat Deeley

5 nominations
RuPaul

3 nominations
Ted Allen
Phil Keoghan
Gordon Ramsay

2 nominations
Anthony Bourdain
Nick Cannon
Carson Daly
James Lipton
Ryan Seacrest


Josef Nairz

Josef Nairz (born 5 November 1942) is an Austrian bobsledder who competed in the 1960s. He won a silver medal in the four-man event at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck.

Nairz also won a bronze medal in the four-man event at the 1963 FIBT World Championships in Igls.


I-52 Mine layer vehicle

The I-52 is a mine-laying vehicle designed in Ukraine by the Kriukiv Machine-building Works.

Purpose and composition
The I-52 Mine-laying vehicle is intended for distant antipersonnel and Anti-tank mine laying. The vehicle ensures mine-laying in all weather and climatic conditions, during daylight or at night, in any temperature and on hilly terrain.
The I-52 can also deploy mines while moving.

The vehicle includes multipurpose chassis MT-LBU and equipment which consists of:
 mine-laying control panel placed in control compartment;
 container unit for transportation and firing of mines from clusters;
 container unit lifting mechanism from traveling position to fire position;
 container adjusting mechanism;
 container unit traversing mechanism.


Neudenau

is a town in the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated on the river Jagst, 17 km north of Heilbronn.


Juan Manuel Corzo Román

Juan Manuel Corzo Román (born 3 October 1961) is a Colombian lawyer and politician, currently serving as Senator of Colombia since 2002. A Conservative party politician, he was first elected to Congress as Representative for the Department of North Santander in 1998. He ran and was elected Senator of Colombia in 2002, continuing to be re-elected in 2006 and 2010; he forms part of the First Commission of the Senate.

On 12 April 1999 Corzo was kidnapped along with the 39 other passengers of an Avianca Fokker flight between Bucaramanga and Cúcuta by a command of the National Liberation Army (ELN), a leftist terrorist guerrilla group, and was held captive for 17 months until his release in September 2000.

Personal life
Juan Manuel was born on 3 October 1961 in Cúcuta to Luis Corzo Ramírez, a lawyer and notary, and his wife Lucila Román. He is married to Isabel Carmenza Sanmiguel Maldonado, a former Miss North Santander, and together have two children: Silvia and Luis Javier.


Marco Odermatt

Marco Odermatt (born 8 October 1997) is a Swiss World Cup alpine ski racer. He races in all alpine disciplines and specializes in Giant slalom. Odermatt competed for Switzerland at two Junior World Championships and the 2019 World Championships. He gained his first World Cup podium at Kranjska Gora in

Career
At the 2016 Junior World Championships in Sochi, Russia, Odermatt was 11th in the Downhill, took bronze in the Super-G, failed to finish the Alpine combined, won gold in the Giant slalom, and failed to finish the Slalom. He made his World Cup debut in March 2016 in a giant slalom at St. Moritz.

At the 2018 Junior Worlds in Davos, Odermatt won an unprecedented five gold medals (Combined, Downhill, Super-G, Giant Slalom, and Team event).

Season 2020
Odermatt gained his first World Cup win in December 2019 in the Super-G at Beaver Creek, Colorado.

World Cup results

Season standings

Race podiums

World Championship results

Junior World Championship results


Chetverikov ARK-4

The ARK-4 was a single-engine Soviet flying boat design produced by Chetverikov.

Specifications


Radiradirah

Radiradirah was a New Zealand comedy sketch show that originally aired from the 21 May to the 9 July 2010, with a total of 8 episodes.

It featured several well known New Zealand comedians such as Rhys Darby, David Fane, Oscar Kightley and Madeleine Sami, as well as the voicing talents of internationally recognised comedian and music artist Jemaine Clement.

Episodes

External links


Gofer (disambiguation)

A gofer is an errand runner.

Gofer may also refer to:
Gofer (programming language), educational version of Haskell
GOFER, mnemonic device for a decision-making discipline


Reliant (YT-803)

Reliant (YT‑803) is a United States Navy .

Construction and commissioning

The contract for Reliant was awarded 10 September 2007. She was laid down by J.M. Martinac Shipbuilding Corp., Tacoma, Washington and launched 10 July 2010. Reliant was delivered to the Navy 28 September 2010.

Operational history

Reliant is assigned to the Navy Region Northwest.


Indigo (Maja Keuc album)

Indigo is a debut album by Slovenian vocalist Maja Keuc. There's 11 songs on the album that are a mix of pop, jazz, soul and blues rhythms. Half of the songs are in English and there is a remixed version of Eurovision song No One.

Track listing
 "Zmorem" ( 1 in Slovenia)
 "Free Love" (5 in Slovenia)
 "Tako lepo mi je"
 "Na pol poti"
 "Krog"
 "You're A Tree And I'm A Balloon"
 "Get This Party Started"
 "Go With The Flow"
 "Again (feat. Camall)"
 "Ta planet" (1 in Slovenia)
 "No One (remix)"
Album of the year and best femim Artist in 2012 Slovenias Music Awards


Royal Unibrew

Royal Unibrew is a brewing and beverage company headquartered in Faxe, Denmark. Its brands include Ceres, Faxe, Albani and Royal. Royal Unibrew also has a strong presence in the Baltic region, where it owns Vilniaus Tauras, Kalnapilis (both in Lithuania), and Lāčplēša Alus (in Latvia). As of 2018 it owns the brewery in France that produces the Lorina soft drink brand. It also brews and markets Heineken in Denmark.

History
The company was founded in 1989 through the merger of the breweries Faxe, Ceres and Thor under the name Bryggerigruppen. Odense-based Albani merged with the company in 2000. In 2005, the name of the company was changed to Royal Unibrew.

Operations

Denmark
RoyalUnibrew is the second largest beer company in Denmark with a market share of about 25%.

Baltic countries and Poland
Royal Unibrew acquired Lithuanian breweries Vilniaus Tauras and Kalnapilis in 2001 and a controlling interest in Latvian brewery Lāčplēša Alus in 2004. The company also owns the Latvian soft drink company Cido.

Royal Unibrew entered the Polish beer market with the acquisition of Browary Polskie Brok-Strzelec S.A. in April 2005.
It was followed by the acquisition of Browar Łomża in 2007. In December 2010, Van Pur Breweries bought the Polish branch of the Danish Royal Unibrew group. In exchange, Royal Unibrew received 20% of shares of Van Pur in Poland with Van Pur retaining buyers options of the shares. In 2011 Van Pur, owned five breweries with the total production capacity of 4 million hectolitre of beer annually. October 15, 2012 Van Pur exercised its buyers option on the 20% shares previously held by Royal Unibrew for 111 PLN.

France
In 2018 the soft drink brewery that produces the brand Lorina was acquired.

List of subsidiaries

Royal Brand
The largest brand of Unibrew is Royal. It is based on Ceres' Ceres Royal Export and Faxe's Faxe Pilsner/Classic. Royal Export was also brewed by the other breweries in the group, but later the Pilsner and Classic were added to make a complete family of beer as is traditional in Denmark.


Grant Birthplace

The Grant Birthplace in Point Pleasant, Monroe Township Clermont County Ohio was the birthplace of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant, who was born there in 1822.  The home was built in 1817, and in 1821 Jesse Root Grant wed Hannah Simpson Grant (Ulysses's parents) and they moved into the home where they paid $2 a month rent.  The future president lived in Point Pleasant for less than a year, as his family moved to Georgetown one month before his first birthday.

The Ohio Historical Society operates the site as a historic house museum.  Today it is furnished with items that once belonged to Grant, as well as a few period items.  In 1998, the birthplace and several associated buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.

The Grant Birthplace and surrounding areas have been found to be a historical archaeological site.  As part of making the site ADA-compliant, a small-scale construction project in the summer of 2010 involved the replacement of stone gutters at the site.  Ohio State Historic Preservation Office staff archaeologists conducted a test excavation of some of the areas surrounding the gutters, discovering foundations of an 1810s tannery.

Previous archaeological work in and around the Grant Birthplace included the retrieval of early nineteenth-century pottery from a small midden being impacted by the replacement of a nearby bridge in 1984, as well as a field survey of open areas in the birthplace grounds before the construction of a small building at the site in 2005; the latter project recovered only a couple of insignificant lithic flakes from an unidentified prehistoric period.


Central Platoon School

Central Platoon School was a platoon school,  where students were divided into groups (platoons) thst switched between classroom studies and vocational as well as hands-on and recreational activities, in Brush, Colorado. It was designed by the Denver architectural firm Mountjoy & Frewen and has also been known as Central Elementary School. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.

The school is at 411 Clayton St. and occupies a complete block with an L-shaped plan. Mountjoy & Frewen was a partnership between Frederick E. Mountjoy and Frank W. Frewen, Jr..

A platoon school plan, also known as the Gary Plan, was devised by William Albert Wirt in 1907 in Gary, Indiana.  The plan divided the students into two groups, where one platoon would use the academic classrooms and the other platoon would be using shops, nature studies, the auditorium, the gymnasium, and other outdoor facilities.  This allowed all of the school facilities to be in use through the entire school day, and it also promoted the intellectual, manual, and recreational development of the students.


Unfair practices

Unfair practices may refer to

 Unfair business practices
 Unfair competition
 Unfair labor practice


Stefanos Stefanopoulos

Stefanos Stefanopoulos (, 3 July 1898, Pyrgos, Elis – 4 October 1982, Athens) was a Greek politician, and served as Prime Minister of Greece from 1965 to 1966.

He was a moderate conservative, and served as a cabinet member during Alexandros Papagos' government. He even served as acting Prime Minister for a day after the latter's death on 4 October 1955.

On 17 September 1965, he became Prime Minister of Greece during the period of the "Apostasia", supported by conservatives and defecting members of the Centre Union party. Unable to gain a parliamentary vote of confidence, his government fell on 22 December 1966.


Vernix caseosa

Vernix caseosa, also known as vernix, is the waxy or cheese-like white substance found coating the skin of newborn human babies. It is produced by dedicated cells and is thought to have some protective roles during fetal development and for a few hours after birth.

Etymology
In Latin, vernix means varnish and caseosa means cheesy.

Characteristics

Composition
Vernix has a highly variable makeup but is primarily composed of sebum, cells that have sloughed off the fetus's skin and shed lanugo hair.  12% of the dry weight of vernix is composed of branched chain fatty acids, cholesterol, and ceramide.  Vernix of term infants has more squalene and a higher wax ester to sterol ester ratio than preterm infants.

Comparison of lipid components of vernix caseosa, stratum corneum and skin surface (sebaceous):

Amino acid composition of vernix caseosa:

Morphology
Cells of vernix are typically polygonal or ovoid in shape and lack nuclei. Nuclear ghosts are frequently observed. Vernix corneocytes lack desmosomal attachment and this distinguishes them from corneocytes found in mature stratum corneum.  Thickness of a corneocyte is 1-2 µm. These cells are surrounded by a layer of amorphous lipids lacking typical lamellar architecture present in mature stratum corneum.

Physical properties
Vernix is not uniformly distributed, but rather present in form of cellular sponges. The critical surface tension of vernix is 39 dyne/cm.  Despite its water content (82%), vernix is nonpolar. These features point towards the "waterproofing" function of vernix, thereby preventing heat loss soon after birth.

Biological properties
Vernix provides electrical isolation for the fetus, which is presumably an important aspect of developing fetal anatomy. Early scientific studies indicated increased evaporative heat loss in infants when vernix was removed soon after birth; but newer reports confirm that washing skin surface after birth reduces evaporative water losses compared to surface of newborns in which vernix is left in situ. Vernix is hydrophobic. Vernix is believed to assist in the development of the human intestinal microbiota.

Secretion
The sebum in vernix is produced in utero by the sebaceous glands around the 20th week of gestation.  Vernix appears primarily in full term infants, while premature and postmature births generally do not display any.
Postdates desquamation (flakey skin in babies born >42 weeks) is thought to be due to loss of vernix.

Functions
Vernix is theorized to serve several purposes, including moisturizing the infant's skin, and facilitating passage through the birth canal. It serves to conserve heat and protect the delicate newborn skin from environmental stress. Vernix is also thought to have an antibacterial effect; though there is little evidence to support a chemical role of vernix in protecting the infant from infection, it may form a physical barrier to the passage of bacteria.

Non-human observations
In 2018, Tom Brenna at Cornell University published an account of vernix-like material obtained (with the help of San Diego Seaworld) from pups of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Mass spectrometry of the material showed it to be fundamentally the same as human vernix, in both BCFA (branch-chain fatty acids) and squalene content. In their study, the presence of vernix throughout the infant gastro-intestinal tract, as well as in the meconium (first excretion), in both human and sea lion neonates, argues that the function of vernix may not be as an external skin protection, as often described in the literature, but as a preparation of the newborn GI tract against water-borne bacteria. A potential cause of fatality in premature human infants is necrotizing enterocolitis, which occurs when the foetal ingestion of its own vernix along with the amniotic fluid has not been completed.

Additional images


Vini Vishwa Lal

Vini Vishwa Lal () is an Indian screenwriter who works in Malayalam cinema. Vini's debut movie was Second Show(2012) directed by Srinath Rajendran(debut) . Its also the first movie of Dulquer Salman, Sunny Wayne and Gauthami Nair in their acting career. His next film Koothara starring Mohan Lal, Tovino Thomas, Bharath and Sunny Wayne in the lead released in June 2014. In 2015 Starring Pournami a road trip movie starring Sunny Wayne and Tovino Thomas was penned by Vini. The film later dropped due to some budget issues. His latest movie Theevandi released on 7 September 2018, starring Tovino Thomas and Samyuktha Menon.

Vini also played acting roles in Malayalam movies, first in Ladoo followed by Theevandi and Kalki.

Personal life
Vini Vishwa Lal was born in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala on 25 May 1985. He is the eldest child of G Viswanathan Pillai, (Retd) District Transport Officer at Kerala State Road Transport Corporation and Dr. S Nirmala Devi, (Retd) Principal at Farook Training college - Kozhikode. He has a younger brother Nivi Viswa Lal, a film musician working for Malayalam film industry. Vini grew up in Feroke, where he did  schooling at Al-Farook residential school in Feroke, kozhikode. He later studied in CUIET - Calicut University Institute of Engineering and Technology and graduated in Electronics and Communication Engineering. Where he was classmate of Srinath Rajendran - Malayalam movie director and Sunny Wayne - Malayalam movie actor who was his senior.

Vini married to Rinisha in 2013, who currently works as software engineer in Nielsen at InfoPark.

Filmography

Writer

Actor

Others


Historic sites in Marlboro Township, New Jersey

Marlboro Township, New Jersey has a number of historic sites. The Monmouth County Historic Site Inventory (HSI) was started in 1980 by the directors of both the Monmouth County Historical Association and the Monmouth County Park System. This inventory project provided an inventory number to all historic properties in Monmouth County, New Jersey. In addition to property details, this listing provides reference numbers for easy identification. In addition to the park system inventory, the Marlboro Township Historic Commission provides a listing of Historic Commission Landmarks (HCL). These are physical signs placed in historically significant locations. There was also a list presented by the NJ Department of Environmental Protection - Historic Preservation Office (HPO).

Listings
 Here is a listing of historically relevant property and buildings in Marlboro as referenced by the HSI, HCL and the HPO:

 When the creator of this inventory was asked about the missing number in the Inventory; the response was that the missing inventory numbers ("Currently Unknown") may indicate that the building no longer exists... or was demolished during the listing process.
 The Historical Sites Inventory is now an abandoned project. The document is still available on request from the Monmouth County Park System.

Addison Hobart House
The house was built in 1828. The Marlboro Historic Commission placed a marker at 9 North Main Street, Marlboro, NJ. The marker states "This was once the home of Addison Hobart, a businessman, teacher, postmaster, and Commissioner of Deeds. Garrett Hobart, his son, lived in this house and later entered politics, ultimately becoming Vice President of the United States in 1896 under William McKinley. Garrett Hobart died in 1899." The building is located on North Main Street in Marlboro, immediately next to the fire house. At one point when Garrett Hobart lived in this house he was a school teacher before going to college at Rutgers. The house is currently used as an art studio. The building is a wood-framed, two-story, three-bay "T-Plan" Greek Revival style structure. There are two ridge chimneys and 6/6 sash windows. The foundation is constructed of brick. There is a plaque on the house which dates it 1938. Owned by A.W. Hobart for much of the mid-19th century; he ran a hardware store and grocery in the next lot (torn down). The Monmouth county Historic Site Inventory number is 1328-01-05.

Asher Holmes House

Called "Old Kentuck"; the home was most noteworthy for a prior person who lived at and owned the property... the Revolutionary War Hero - Colonel Asher Holmes. The home is located on Pleasant Valley Road in Marlboro Township, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Built before 1770, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 6, 1973. The structure is considered unsafe currently for any type of activity or entry. This home seems to have been abandoned for the last 20–30 years. The house faces south with the back of the structure to the road. There does not appear to be structural changes for the past 150 years. Inside the building are double parlors, a central hall, Dutch doors and four chimneys. The outside has original cypress shingles. The house had an addition connected to it, but the smaller section is the original part, which dates to the mid-1700s. There appears to have been a smoke house in the attic. This was discovered many years ago when it was found there is a smaller squared-off space where a fifth chimney may have been at one point that contains meat hooks attached to the rafters. There is a basement under the whole house except for a room off the kitchen. The dining room is of native field stone. Dutch construction suggests the builder of the original structure was not English. The first recorded owner of this property was Asher Holmes. This may mean the person who built this house was not Asher Holmes but someone of Dutch heritage; Asher Holmes likely purchased the home from that person.

Beacon Hill
Beacon Hill, New Jersey is the second highest point in the county and used as a lookout point towards the Raritan Bay. During the Revolutionary War, Col. Asher Holmes was ordered to construct three beacons as part of statewide warning beacons should the British attempt to land in Raritan Bay or Sandy Hook. Used as a signal to local militia of British invasion, each pyramid of logs was  high and  wide. When filled with brush and lit, the fires could be seen throughout the area.

Collier Estate
The main house was built, circa 1904. The Marlboro Township Historic Commission posted a sign for this structure. The sign is at the street entrance to the property now owned by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, Pleasant Valley Road, Marlboro NJ. The significance of the building was used as a "Rest Hill,". It was an assemblage of many old farmsteads, purchased for a vacation home by magazine publisher Peter F. Collier. His son, Robert, was an aviation enthusiast who purchased the first Wright Brothers biplane and housed it at the estate using the field as a runway. This plane provided pilot training for Sir Thomas Sopwith who went on to build many of the airplanes used in World War I. The property was the site of many large scale parties some attended by 2,500 people. The porch is a replica of Mount Vernon. Robert's widow, Sarah Van Alen, donated the estate in 1927 to the Sisters of the Good Shepherd. After the estate was donated to the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, it was converted to a High School and residence for children at risk.

Collins Blacksmith and Wheelwright Shop

Built circa 1910, 2 story frame shop near Main Street with gable roof and weatherboard siding, sliding double doors. Lot was site of blacksmith and wheelwright shops throughout 19th Century. Blacksmith shop built by Hollands. Now used as storage for antique farm equipment. Has the New Jersey Historic Sites Inventory number 1328-01-9.

Conover House

Main house destroyed by fire in 1991. House was built c. 1840 with 1893 alterations. Was 2 1/2 story and main doorway had Greek Revival elements. A second large old house (c. 1850?) and an elaborate barn complex remain on the property. It has the New Jersey Historic Sites Inventory number 1328-03.

Dutch Reformed Chapel

The Marlboro Dutch Reformed Chapel was a Christian church created in downtown Marlboro by the Old Brick Dutch Reformed church. Created in 1869 on Main Street, its function was to serve as an alternative meeting place when weather or other events required a meeting closer to town. The building is an "L-shaped" wood-framed clapboard structure with intersecting gabled roof and a bell tower. Currently lost, the front of the structure had long thin stained glass windows which framed a semi-circular transom front double doorway. The building is 25 × 40 feet and was erected for $2725. Marlboro Township Historic Commission placed a sign outside the structure which states, "A vernacular Victorian building with Romanesque elements, this chapel was used in the winter since the main church on Route 520 in the Bradevelt section had no heat. Several additions were added to the original chapel over time. The bell in the tower tolled until 1969 when the building was sold. The bell is now on the property of the main church." The church has a Monmouth County historic site inventory number, 1328-01-04.

Federal Hall
Built circa 1740 and once owned by the Ely family, the Federal style house resembles a steamboat with a rounded north end. The smokehouse and ice house remain intact. During the early 19th century, the house served as an inn. The house is one of a few of this style left in the country.

Hortensia
The property was deeded by King Charles II of England and built in 1686 by John Reid County Judge and Surveyor-General of East Jersey and Commissioner of Highways for the County. Hortensia was a tract of 200 acres situated on the East branch of the Hop brook. The home was originally occupied by John Reid (1656-1723) and his wife Margaret (1644-1728) as well as their children Anna, Helena and John. Following their ownership, the property was purchased by the Schanck's and then Freylinghuysen's. Folloiwng the Freylinghuysen's death the estate was then sold at auction to a housing developer; it was knocked down for individual home construction

The property received the name after a family home in England. The property was passed down and divided to Anna and Helena as their "respective marriage portions". The structure  originally consisted of four rooms, but was expanded over the years. There were two major expansions in 1720 and again in 1820. The home expanded to about 15 rooms and a few additional out-buildings. In 1947, the owner at the time stated the original structure formed the main living room of the house. During reconstruction, the walls were originally found to be lined with rush and mud for insulation.

The Marlboro Township Historic Commission placed a sign, now lost, on Pleasant Valley Road near the Hop (Now called "Winding") Brook. The sign stated "This was the site of a home built by John Reid, an early settler. As a New Jersey surveyor, Reid drew the dividing line between East and West New Jersey, an early important geographical boundary. The New Jersey Historic Sites Inventory called the site an important farmstead and the home a notable architectural example. It was demolished in the 1990s."

J. Van Kirk Farm
Also Known as the Benjamin Vanderveer House. Listed on the HPO as ID number 3727, the farm is located at 107 Vanderburg Road, Marlboro.

Liberty Hall-Hardy Blacksmith Shop
Liberty Hall, which also went by the name of Alfred Hardy & Son Blacksmith Shop, was a small brick building located on Route 79 in the small section of Morganville. The building was reportedly built around 1880. The building name could faintly be seen in scripted letters painted over the door of the building. The blacksmith shop operated into the early 20th century and was one of the last blacksmith operations in the area. Following the blacksmith shop closing, the building housed a machine shop until 1942 when a small defense contractor, Lavoie Laboratories bought it to produce radio gear for the military. In 1966, Lavoie sold it to Entron Industries, a manufacturer of missile circuitry that occupied the building until the mid-1970s. The building was torn down in June 2012 after being in disrepair and abandoned. There is now a Townhouse development on the site.

Liberty Grange
Originally a Baptist church, the site was taken over by the Liberty Grange #99 in the 1930s. The building was constructed in 1866 on Route 79 (Main Street) and Vanderburg Road; Block 94 - lot 8. It was built in the Greek Revival style, one-story 3-bay rectangular form. Originally with a bell tower, long since removed, the building was converted to use as a meeting hall for the Liberty Grange members and then later sold and converted to offices when the Grange closed. It has a reference number of 1328-01-03.

Marlborough Hotel
The Marlboro Township Historic Commission sign located on School Road West - at the northwest corner of School Road West and Route 79 (Main Street). It was located on Block 90 - Lot 6. The sign reads "A tavern and inn, owned by John Buck, stood on this site in 1780, in this area once called 'Buckstown'. The Marlboro Hotel was built in 1845 at this stagecoach stop by Hiriah Smalley and served as a gathering place until 1919. The hotel was demolished in 1996."

The hotel was originally known as "Bucks Tavern" which was a one-acre site where it was then changed to "Rogers Tavern" during the Revolutionary War. The original Marlborough Hotel was torn down in 1844 and the following year the most recent building was constructed. It was a -story 5-bay wood-framed building with federal elements. There were two sets of twin end wall chimneys and asbestos shingle siding. There were a number of sleeping rooms, two parlors, a bar and a dining room for fifty guests. In the back of the building was a large stable for the horses and a good livery It was used as a road side tavern / hotel since then. At some point following the township receiving the name "Marlborough" the tavern became known by this name. Following 1919 the need to have a stop on the road diminished and its use changed. It became a mixed use building with apartment residences upstairs and various stores in the bottom part of the structure until it was shuttered and then abandoned in the late 1980s. Some of the types of commercial businesses were a bank, sweet shop and meat market. Following this time, the structure was unused until it was torn down over 10 years later. The hotel was torn down to make room for a parking lot for the Marlboro Township fire department.

Marlboro Township Hall

Located on the east side of North Main Street. Marlboro Township Hall was built in the late 19th century. Was a one-story frame building with gable roof and clapboard siding. When the township moved to the present location, the building was sold. It was not demolished but enveloped in expansion of a Chinese restaurant and is no longer visible in that form. The Monmouth County Historic Site inventory number is 1328-01-01.

Marlboro Tree
Discovered in 1997 and located near one of the Big Brook tributaries, The Marlboro Tree, a massive black willow tree has been certified by the New Jersey Forest Service as a "State Champion" tree, signifying that it is the largest known tree of its species in the State of New Jersey, and the largest tree of any kind in Marlboro Township. It is about 152 years old and measures  high and 19' 8" in circumference. Five grown people must hold hands to fully encircle the tree.

Morganville School
The Morganville School was built circa 1850. It is located on Route 79 near the Beacon Hill Road. This is a Marlboro Township Historic Commission Landmark. There is a sign at this location. The sign states "The original three-room schoolhouse, built on land donated by the Morgan family, had fine woodwork and pressed-tin ceilings. In response to township growth, there was construction of several additions in later years. The Marlboro school system used this school from 1915 until the mid-1970s when it was then leased to the Coastal Learning Center." The Coastal Learning Center is now closed and the building is sitting idle. It currently has a for sale sign in front of it.

Old Brick Dutch Reformed Church and Cemetery
This church was known as the Freehold-Middletown Dutch Congregation (now Old Brick Church.) The Dutch residents who attended this church names appear in the early records and grave stones dating from 1709 (early records were written in the Dutch language.) In the beginning when services began, circa 1699, the preachers would come across the bay in small boats from Long Island to provide the service to the people of the parish. The Marlboro Township Historic Commission placed a sign at 490 Route 520, Marlboro NJ. The sign states "Founded by Dutch settlers, the present church was erected in 1826 and is the oldest established operative church in Marlboro. The early ministers rowed across from Brooklyn to lead services, which were held in the Dutch language until 1764. The first American-born pastor, Benjamin Dubois, is buried here. An avid American patriot in the struggle for independence, Pastor Dubois took up arms against British incursions."

Old Marlboro Township Hall

The building served as the Marlboro Township municipal town hall from the 1890s to the mid 1960s. This was a late 19th-century wood-frame building. It had a brick foundation and concrete veneer with a shed-roof porch. It was located on the east side of Route 79 (Main Street), which was also block 94 - lot 2. The building was not torn down but used as the base for the expanded Chinese restaurant which now sits on this property. The building was lost in the expansion and is not currently recognizable as the original town hall structure in its current form.

Old Robertsville School
Originally built in 1832, Robertsville Elementary School was once a one-room schoolhouse that was built on the corner of Tennent and Union Hill Roads. It was remodeled/rebuilt in 1912 and used for special education purposes at that time. This building is still standing today. The current Robertsville School was constructed in 1968 down the road from the original schoolhouse. It is believed to have been named after Matthew Roberts, a prominent businessman in the day. This is a Marlboro Township Historical Commission Landmark location. The Historical Commission has a sign located on the corner of Tennent Road and Union Hill Road. The sign reads "The first school building on this site also was used for Methodist services by the congregation that evolved into the Robertsville Bible Church. The church constructed its own building in 1833. By 1912, the original schoolhouse was replaced with the present building. It is no longer used by students."

Old Saint Gabriel's Church
This church was built in 1878. It is located on Route 520, in the Bradeveldt section of Marlboro. The significance of this building was its use by the congregation of St. Gabriel. Organized in 1871 the congregation constructed this Victorian Gothic church in 1878. Although a new church and rectory were constructed on Route 79 in 1972, and a parish center in the 1980s, this building has remained in continuous use. Frequently used for weddings and other similar events.

Old Scots Burial Grounds
On the National Register of Historic Places since August 2001, is Old Scots Burial Grounds, which was established around 1705. Under active study, archaeologist Gerard Scharfenberger is working to excavate the foundation of the original Old Scots Meeting House as well as any unmarked graves on the property. This is the original location where the congregation of the Old Tennent Presbyterian Church once met. It is also part of the site where the Battle of Monmouth was fought., John Boyd, the first Presbyterian minister trained in the New World, was buried here in 1708.

Retreat of the British Army
The Battle of Monmouth as well as a number of skirmishes were fought near Marlboro Township during the American Revolutionary War. Many area placards and signs can be found on the local roads to identify specific local events from the battle. The Marlboro Township area farms were often raided by the British for food supplies and local livestock taken from area farmers. Following defeat in this battle, the British retreated from the area to their ships in the bay. A local state park, Monmouth Battlefield State Park, nearby in Freehold Township and Manalapan Township provides local reference to this historic event. Historic Commission Marker located at 52 Dutch Lane Road, Marlboro, NJ. Historic sign reads "Retreat of the British Army, June 1778 - Following their defeat at the Battle of Monmouth during the Revolutionary War, the British forces retreated down Dutch Lane Road under the cover of darkness. The troops were subject to heavy sniper fire from the Monmouth Militia as they sought to reach a British fleet anchored off Sandy Hook."

September 11 Memorial
A memorial was constructed in memory of the 14 township residents killed as the result of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Located near the Marlboro Recreation Center, the memorial consists of a circle of flowering dogwoods, surrounding benches and a memorial fountain on the township municipal grounds. The memorial was badly damaged and is currently being renovated after a serious motor vehicle accident in 2009.

Topanemus Cemetery
The cemetery dates back to the 1600s. Many of the area founding fathers from Freehold, Bayshore, Matawan, and Marlboro are buried there. Other, important people in the founding of Monmouth County such as John Reid, John Anderson, and Thomas Warne as well as 4 of Matawan's original 24 founders are buried there. Topanemus Cemetery developed out of the need for a cemetery for the Topanemus settlement which was an original settlement for the Marlboro Area. The cemetery is believed to be the oldest in Monmouth County, apart from some individual sequestered family burial plots. Some of the tombstones were brought from Scotland in the ballast of crossing ships, they were hand carved in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. The Cemetery is known to contain many historically significant and/or famous people of the time. There are believed to be 112 known graves in the cemetery.

Uriah Smock House

The Uriah Smock Farm was part of a property known as the "Homestead Farm". It was the property of Uriah's father, John H. Smock. In February 1810, John H. Smock purchased two contiguous tracts of land totaling 167 acres in Freehold Township from his father, Hendrick Smock, for $7,000. The land on which the Uriah Smock house later stood had been purchased by Hendrick from George Smock in January 1810.

The exact construction date of the Smock house could not be obtained through documentary research. Judging by the architectural style and existing historical information, the house can roughly be dated from between circa 1830 to before 1848. It appears to have been built by John H. Smock (1781-1865) and his son Uriah Smock (1815-1881). Given John's age (49) in 1830 it is likely that the house was redone or entirely rebuilt with Greek Revival details when the style came into vogue. The original house may have been built in the late 1700s. There is also the possibility that the Smocks lived elsewhere until deciding to build a house on the farm. Sources place John H. Smock in Freehold Township during this period, including the record of him serving as deacon at the Dutch Reformed Church on and off from 1810 through 1816 and a record of the manumission of a slave, Betty Thomas, in 1825. Greek Revival style houses were popular during this period in the township.

Uriah Smock's farmhouse appeared on the 1861 Map of Monmouth County and in the F.W. Beers 1873 atlas. The inset of Marlboro village in the 1873 map shows the lane leading directly from the village to the farmhouse.

During Uriah Smock's tenure on the property, he farmed 100 acres and owned between 37 and 50 additional unimproved acres. He was known to harvest and ship Marl from his farm. He was recorded in the agricultural censuses with horses, cows, and swine, among other livestock, a mixed crop of grains, mostly corn, and many bushels of Irish potatoes. He maintained an apple orchard of 250 trees and produced garden vegetables. His property now is largely the Lexington Development which was constructed circa 2000. The Smock Home was preserved as part of an agreement with the Township of Marlboro.

Vanderveer House

Vanderveer House was built circa 1722. The house is not largely visible from the road. There is a Marlboro Township Historic Commission sign at the road at location 176 Ryan Road, Marlboro, NJ. The sign reads "Original elements still remain in this Colonial home, which once belonged to Tunis Vanderveer, a large landowner. The house was used as a locating point in drawing the boundaries of Marlborough Township in 1848 when it became independent from Freehold Township."


Lenox Square

Lenox Square (also known as Lenox Mall) is a shopping mall located in the Buckhead district of Atlanta, Georgia. Lenox Square comprises  of retail space, with 198 stores on four levels, including a large food court. The mall is home to three anchor stores: Macy's, Bloomingdale's, and Neiman Marcus. The mall is owned by Simon Property Group and has been owned by the Indianapolis-based developer since 1998, along with the neighboring Phipps Plaza shopping center.

Lenox Square opened to the public on August 3, 1959. Originally, it operated as an open-air shopping center, much like a typical lifestyle center. The mall's original anchors were Rich's and Davison's, two of the most famous and acclaimed department stores in the area, as well as grocery chain Colonial Stores. The mall originally opened with 60 stores. Over the next few decades, the mall underwent four expansions, since competition would arise from the opening of many shopping malls in the suburbs. The most recent renovation included the expansion of the Neiman Marcus store by  and the addition of  of new retail space. Lenox Square houses several upscale stores that do not have other locations within several hundred miles of Atlanta. These include Ermenegildo Zegna, David Yurman,  Diesel,  Fendi, Louis Vuitton, Cartier, Salvatore Ferragamo, Burberry, G-Star Raw,  UGG,  Topshop, DVF, Ted Baker, Escada, Tesla Motors, CH Carolina Herrera, Kiehl's, Zara,  and Prada. Lenox Square also has the largest Pottery Barn in their chain as well as one of the largest Forever 21 stores in the Southeastern United States.

History
Lenox Square was developed by Ed Noble, a former developer from Kansas City, Missouri, whose company  J. Noble Properties, acquired the site in 1956.  Groundbreaking for the shopping center occurred in July 1957, and it was completed on June 29, 1958. The public opening ceremony for Lenox Square was held on August 3, 1959.

Initially containing  of retail, the shopping mall was situated on three levels; Mall. Plaza and Market. It was anchored by Rich's, Davison's, and a Colonial Stores supermarket. There were 52 original tenants, including a bowling alley, indoor golf driving range, and a Kresge five and dime store. The Mall Level concourse featured several statues depicting Uncle Remus characters, such as Br'er Fox, Br'er Frog and the Tar Baby. A movie theater opened on the Market Level in June 1963.

Within its first few years of its existence, Lenox Square would be a part of several major events in the city. It is the starting point in the annual Peachtree Road Race, one of the largest 10 kilometer races in the world. Davison's, owned by Macy's since 1924, was rebranded as Macy's in 1986. In 2000, the celebration of the Rich's Great Tree moved to the flagship store from Underground Atlanta, after having been held downtown for decades.

In 1991, Rich's relocated their flagship store to Lenox Square from downtown Atlanta. In 2003, Federated Department Stores began integrating the Macy's name with their other regional department store brands, including Rich's. Following the news, the Lenox Macy's location closed and the building (along with the location at Perimeter Mall) was renovated extensively to house the first Bloomingdale's in the South, which opened in October 2003. In 2005, Federated Department Stores dropped the regional names of all of their department stores. The former Rich's-Macy's location at Lenox Square became the flagship of Macy's Central until all of the company's divisions had consolidated into one.

Renovations

Since its opening, Lenox Square has undergone four major renovations and expansions. During the years following the opening of the shopping mall, several new retail centers opened up in several suburban locations, notably Perimeter Mall and Cumberland Mall. As a response to increasing competition, Lenox Square underwent a major renovation and expansion in the early 1970s that would have the entire shopping center enclosed. The renovation included a new wing and the addition of the first Neiman Marcus location outside of Texas and Florida. It is still to this day the company's only location in the state.

A second expansion was completed in 1980 that added a three-level section at the back of the mall which included a food court. This replaced the previous open-air Plaza Court and supermarket. Lenox Square now encompassed 1.04 million leasable square feet. The new food court was soon joined by a 19-story, 370,000 sqft (gross), class-A office building, a twin-appearing 24-story hotel, 1,800 space, five-level combined hotel-office parking garage (two below ground), and 800-space four-level retail pre-cast concrete parking deck. These were adjacent to the MARTA's Lenox transit station, which opened in December 1984.

In 1995, the mall underwent its largest expansion, adding a second story above the original Mall Level. The expansion made Lenox Square the largest shopping center in Georgia, with 1.457 million square feet (140,000 m²) divided among 200 stores and restaurants. This distinction was relinquished to the newly built,  Mall of Georgia in 1999.

The most recent expansion of Lenox Square was completed in 2007. The existing Neiman Marcus was enlarged by  and a  upper level was added to the wing connecting the store to the main mallway. The shopping center then housed 1.545 million leasable square feet and 240 stores and services.
In Fall 2013 another renovation took place in the mall with additions of both exterior and interior with new lightning, landscaping, windowing, and many more. The renovations were completed as of 2014.

Around Lenox
Lenox Square is connected via parkway to the 27-story JW Marriott Buckhead hotel, classified as a 4-Diamond hotel by the AAA. Many other luxury hotels are within walking distance from Lenox. These include W Hotel, The Whitley, Grand Hyatt, InterContinental, Waldorf Astoria, and Westin.

The area around Lenox has grown immensely in the past few decades following its opening, with expanding retail developments and over 75 restaurants within a mile radius, which has made the area a highly desirable location to live and work. A two-story Target store sits across from Lenox at Lenox Marketplace, connected inside via escalators and elevators designed for shopping carts as well as shoppers, and having checkouts on both levels at the exits to a parking deck. Other stores at Lenox Marketplace include Dick's Sporting Goods and Publix.  The Sembler Company was the developer. In addition, Phipps Plaza is located to the northeast of Lenox Square across Peachtree Road. Traffic levels around Lenox are high and the streets are confusing for those unfamiliar with the area. Georgia 400 opened in 1993, restricting traffic to and from the west after it cut many existing roads. However, the BUC (Buckhead Uptown Connection), the free shuttle bus service around Buckhead, is available, supported voluntarily by a self-taxing district (Buckhead CID) which includes Lenox, and by GRTA and other agencies. The Peachtree Streetcar initiative would also extend free or low-fare streetcars to Lenox in the north, through midtown and downtown, to a proposed mixed-use redevelopment around historic Fort McPherson,  south. MARTA, the city's main mass transit system, provides one station across the street from the J W Marriott, as well as the Buckhead station a quarter mile Northwest on Peachtree Road.

Several companies, such as AT&T Mobility, have their headquarters near the shopping center.

Shops Around Lenox

The area surrounding Lenox Square contains a 125,000 square foot retail center, The Shops Around Lenox. This open air mall, anchored by a Crate & Barrel includes 16 retail stores, smaller specialty stores, restaurants, and workout studios. The center was first built in 1979, underwent a major redevelopment during the recession and was sold by the developers in 2014 for $71.8 million. A full list is detailed below.

Stores

Visited by more than 35 million people a year, Lenox Square is one of the most popular and profitable retail centers in the United States. Together with Phipps Plaza, an estimated $1 billion was pumped into the local economy in 2007. Lenox Square attracts a significant amount of foreign shoppers and tourists; an estimated 40% of all visitors to the shopping center in 2009 were tourists. Lenox Square is the third largest shopping mall in the state, as well as one of the largest in the Southeast. Only the Mall of Georgia and Perimeter Mall have a larger gross leasable area than Lenox Square.

Anchors
 Bloomingdale's
 Macy's
 Neiman Marcus

Former Anchors
 Rich's
 Davison's

Incidents
In December 2019, a Macy's employee was robbed and shot after she went to her vehicle to retrieve an item.

On January 15, 2020, two men were holding a third man at gunpoint in the mall parking deck after it was revealed the victim had previously stolen items from the two suspects at some point during their visit to the mall. One of the two men refused to lower his firearm once the police arrived, and was shot by police. The shot was mistaken by shoppers inside of the mall, creating panic with many people running throughout the mall.

On February 10, 2020, a man was shot in the Bloomingdale's parking lot after a prearranged meeting with a friend.


Darsun

Darsun (, also Romanized as Darsūn and Darreh Sūn) is a village in Sepiddasht Rural District, Papi District, Khorramabad County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 50 consisting of 8 families.


Kathy Howard

Kathy Howard (born June 21, 1958) is a retired American artistic gymnast. She won a team gold medal and a silver in floor at the 1975 Pan American Games. At the 1976 Summer Olympics she placed sixth with the team and shared 12th place in floor.


Shihad

Shihad are a rock band from New Zealand, formed in 1988. The band consists of Jon Toogood (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Phil Knight (lead guitar, synthesiser, backing vocals), Karl Kippenberger (bass guitar, backing vocals), and Tom Larkin (drums, backing vocals, samplers). The band was known as Pacifier between 2001 and 2004.

During their recording career, Shihad have produced five number-one studio albums, holding the title for most number one records for any New Zealand artist, alongside Hayley Westenra, and three top-ten singles in New Zealand. At the release time of their ninth studio album, FVEY, Shihad had the most Top 40 New Zealand chart singles for any New Zealand artist, with 25. Of these singles, "Home Again", "Pacifier" and "Bitter" are listed at numbers 30, 60 and 83, respectively, in the Nature's Best compilation, an official collection of New Zealand's top 100 songs.

History

Formation and early years (1988–1996)

Shihad was formed by Jon Toogood and Tom Larkin in 1988. In 1990, Gerald Dwyer, frontman of local punk band Flesh-D-Vice became Shihad's manager; he also managed Head Like A Hole (HLAH). However, Dwyer died of a drug overdose before Shihad's performance at the 1996 Big Day Out in Auckland.

Love Is the New Hate, Beautiful Machine, and Ignite (2005–2011)
Shihad opened their Love Is the New Hate album tour with a free concert in Auckland's Aotea Square, and an extensive tour of Australia and New Zealand, including a spot on the main stage at Byron Bay, Australia's Splendour In The Grass, in front of an audience of approximately 20,000—the album was released in 2005. The band also toured with Cog, the Datsuns, and opened for Evanescence on part of their 2006/2007 world tour.

During February and March 2008, the band completed an Australian east coast tour entitled "One Will Hear The Tour", playing a total of 30 shows, and in the second half of 2008 toured New Zealand on the "Beautiful Machine Tour" supporting the album of the same name, playing medium-size venues such as the Wellington Town Hall with support from The Mint Chicks and Luger Boa. Shihad also toured with Gyroscope around Australia for Gyroscope's "Australia Tour" during the same year. For New Year's Eve 2008/2009, Shihad performed in Gisborne, New Zealand, followed by shows at the Coroglen Tavern and the Lake Hāwea Motor Inn, also in New Zealand.

Shihad supported AC/DC for the New Zealand leg of AC/DC's Black Ice World Tour in January and February 2010. In January 2010, Shihad's new single "Cold Heart" was released, and was followed by "Sleepeater" in April and "Lead or Follow" in July. The series of single releases from early 2010 were in anticipation of Shihad's eighth album, Ignite. It was released on 24 September 2010 and debuted at number one on the New Zealand music charts, eventually achieving gold sales there.

The band toured New Zealand in August 2010 performing their albums Killjoy and The General Electric in full. During this time the band featured on the cover of Rip It Up Magazine.

At the 2010 New Zealand Music Awards Shihad won the Legacy Award and were inducted into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame.

Shihad confirmed the release of a greatest hits compilation called The Meanest Hits in October 2011, which was released in two formats: a 20-song standard edition and a deluxe 38-song, two-disc edition. Also in October 2011, the band re-released their 1990 EP Devolve, their first 12 single releases for the first time in digital form on iTunes, and their entire singles and B-sides back catalogue, also on iTunes. On the second disc of the Australian release of The Meanest Hits, "Down Dance" was replaced with "Right Outta Nowhere"—this song does not appear on the New Zealand version of the album.

FVEY (2012–present)
For the production of their ninth studio album, Shihad worked with Jaz Coleman, of English post-punk band Killing Joke. Coleman produced Shihad's debut album, Churn, but a disagreement with the band occurred after the release of the album. Following a 15-year period in which Coleman and Shihad did not communicate, Coleman made amends with the band members at a London, UK awards ceremony. Toogood explained in June 2014:

Three years ago we were at the Metal Hammer awards. I hadn't talked to Jaz for ages. We'd had a falling out, I just didn't have time for him. Tom [Larkin] went and chatted to him and was like, "come over and talk to him". I was like, "Fuck that guy". But he was softer—he doesn't drink alcohol anymore. He's still gnarly and idealistic and brutal but minus the alcohol that makes him this focused machine. It was just the perfect meeting of what we wanted to do and having the right guy to do it with.

Prior to the recording process, Coleman informed the band, "I'm going to work you until you've made a great record". Toogood explained that the entirety of the ninth album was recorded live, while Coleman conducted, and the band members were forced to focus entirely on each song as they were recorded, without outside distractions, such as mobile phones.

After the completion of a two-month recording period, Toogood referred to the band's time with Coleman as a "bootcamp"; however, Toogood further explained that the band "needed someone to crack the whip" and he felt "purged" afterward, concluding, "It's great to hang around guys you've been hanging around with since you were 18."

Titled FVEY, the band's ninth album was released on 8 August 2014 on the Warner Music New Zealand label and Toogood has referred to FVEY as Shihad's best album in 15 years. The first single "Think You're So Free" was described by Australia's Double J radio station as sounding "more furious now than they ever have" and the music video for the song was published on YouTube on 5 July 2014. Prior to the release of the album, Toogood explained that anger towards social injustice was a primary motivation during the songwriting process, stating: "I don't have any answers but just as a concerned citizen, I'm going, 'This is bullshit'. The music's how we feel about that. It's fucking frustrating." Musically, the band chose a heavier sound, signifying a return to the first album, which the band found most enjoyable to play during their greatest hits tour.

Naming conflict

The name Shihad was chosen after members of the band saw David Lynch's 1984 film, Dune, based on Frank Herbert's classic science fiction novel of the same name, which uses the term "Jihad", in an approximation of the term used by Muslims which roughly translates to "the struggle", or as a reference to the "Holy War".

Quote from an interview in Opus Issue 7 – 2003 (Newcastle University student magazine) Interview: Pacifier – By John Grayson.

Following the September 11 attacks, the band decided to change their name due to the similarity between the band's name Shihad and the Arabic word jihad. At the 2002 Big Day Out music festival in Auckland, New Zealand they released T-shirts with 'Shihad' on them, and 'Remote' printed below, indicating that 'Remote' was to be the new name. However, due to this name being taken already, they settled on "Pacifier", which was a successful single from their album The General Electric. They released an album, Pacifier, under this name in 2002. The American release of the album featured a different track listing to the Australian and New Zealand release, and included the song My Mind's Sedate from The General Electric.

On 17 September 2004, the band announced to the world that they would change their name back to Shihad. To quote the band, "The events surrounding the name change and our choice to be known as Pacifier are well documented. As much as we believed in what we were doing, and the reasons for doing it at the time – the truth is we were wrong." On an appearance on the ABC TV show Spicks and Specks, Jon Toogood talked about how band members do not usually have to consider holy war when thinking of a band name.

In an interview, Jon Toogood spoke about an event that contributed to their decision:

The band name "Pacifier" was raffled on the Australian radio station Triple J by Jay and the Doctor and was claimed by a little known band from Tasmania, Theory of Everything.

Cover versions
Alongside musical acts such as The Living End, Babyshambles and Journey, Shihad recorded a cover version of a Jimmy Barnes song for the 30:30 Hindsight compilation album, which is scheduled for release on 29 August 2014. Barnes recorded the song with the band for the 40-track album.

Band members

Current
Jon Toogood – vocals, rhythm guitar (1988–present)
Phil Knight – lead guitar, synthesiser, backing vocals (1988–present)
Karl Kippenberger – bass guitar, backing vocals (1991–present)
Tom Larkin – drums, backing vocals, samplers (1988–present)

Former
Geoff Daniels – bass (1988–1989)
Geoff Duncan – bass (1989)
Hamish Laing – bass (1989–1991)

Discography

 Churn (1993)
 Killjoy (1995)
 Shihad (1996)
 The General Electric (1999)
 Pacifier (2002)
 Love Is the New Hate (2005)
 Beautiful Machine (2008)
 Ignite (2010)
 FVEY (2014)


1962–63 DFB-Pokal

The 1962–63 DFB-Pokal was the 20th season of the annual German football cup competition. It began on 1 June 1963 and ended on 14 August 1963. 16 teams competed in the tournament of four rounds. In the final Hamburg defeated Borussia Dortmund 3–0.

Matches

Round of 16

Replay

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final


Prosopocera viridegrisea

Prosopocera viridegrisea is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hintz in 1911. It is known from Kenya, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.

Subspecies
 Prosopocera viridegrisea kenyana Breuning, 1958
 Prosopocera viridegrisea viridegrisea Hintz, 1911


On the Way Home

{{Infobox book
| name          = On the Way Home
| image         = File:On the Way Home cover.jpg
| caption       = Front dustjacket, first edition
| author        = Laura Ingalls Wilder
| illustrator   =
| cover_artist  =
| country       = United States

| series        =
| genre         = Diary, children's literature
| subject       = Family migration, frontier life
| publisher     = Harper & Row
| pub_date      = November 12, 1962
| media_type    = Print (hardcover)
| pages         = 101 pp.
| isbn          =
| oclc          = 317883683
| congress      = F598 .W54
| preceded_by   = The First Four Years (fiction)
| followed_by   = West From Home
}}On the Way Home is the diary of an American farm wife, Laura Ingalls Wilder, during her 1894 migration with husband Almanzo Wilder and seven-year-old daughter Rose from De Smet, South Dakota, to Mansfield, Missouri, where they settled permanently.

It provides detailed, daily description of the family's migration and includes commentary by Rose – "a setting by Rose Wilder Lane". It was published in 1962, after Laura's death, by Harper & Bros., who had published her Little House series of novels.On the Way Home'' is sometimes considered part of the Little House series, which is narrowly a series of nine autobiographical children's novels based on Wilder's life from about 1870 to 1894 in South Dakota, ages about three to 27.


Mayor General FAP Armando Revoredo Iglesias Airport , known in Spanish as Aeropuerto Mayor General FAP Armando Revoredo Iglesias (with Mayor General often abbreviated as My. Gral.), is an airport serving Cajamarca, capital of the Cajamarca Region in Peru. It is run by CORPAC S.A. (Corporación Peruana de Aeropuertos y Aviación Comercial S.A.), a government organization that oversees management of Peruvian airports.

The runway has high terrain to the north.

The Cajamarca non-directional beacon (Ident: MAR) is located on the field.

Airlines and destinations


Arlington, Kentucky

Arlington is a home rule-class city in Carlisle County, Kentucky, in the United States. The population was 324 at the 2010 census, a drop from 395 in 2000. It was formally incorporated by the state assembly in 1876.

History

Arlington was founded in 1873 as a stop along a predecessor line of the Illinois Central Railroad. The new city was initially known as "Neville" after Robert Buckner Neville, who owned the land on which it was established. Several developers wanted to rename the city "Holtsville" after local store owner Tom Holt.  To prevent a dispute, the railroad settled on the name "Arlington" after Arlington Heights, Virginia, the hometown of a railroad official. The new city was incorporated in 1876.

When Carlisle County was created in 1886, Arlington was initially selected as the seat of the new county.  The nearby city of Bardwell challenged this, however, noting its more central location within the county. County officials agreed, and moved the seat to Bardwell shortly afterward.

Geography
Arlington is located in southern Carlisle County at . U.S. Route 51 and Kentucky Route 80 intersect in the city. US 51 leads north  to Bardwell, Kentucky, and  to Cairo, Illinois, while leading south  to Fulton on the Tennessee line. KY 80 leads west  to Columbus on the Mississippi River and east  to Mayfield.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Arlington has a total area of , all of it land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 395 people, 189 households, and 109 families residing in the city. The population density was 989.1 people per square mile (381.3/km²). There were 213 housing units at an average density of 533.4 per square mile (205.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.19% White, 4.56% African American, and 0.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.01% of the population.

There were 189 households out of which 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% were married couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.3% were non-families. 39.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 23.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.77.

In the city, the population was spread out with 21.0% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 21.0% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 24.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $17,813, and the median income for a family was $28,750. Males had a median income of $17,396 versus $15,833 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,561. About 24.1% of families and 29.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.5% of those under age 18 and 33.7% of those age 65 or over.

Notable residents
 George Harper, former Major League Baseball player who performed for six teams


Kord-e Shami

Kord-e Shami (, also Romanized as Kord-e Shāmī and Kard Shāmī; also known as Kord-e Shāhī) is a village in Dowrahan Rural District, Gandoman District, Borujen County, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 727, in 153 families.


Thomas Shone

Thomas Shone (1784–1868) was an 1820 Settler in South Africa. Born in London, he went to sea at 18 (or before) and while on board the 2nd Voyage of the Lord Nelson, was captured by the French on 14 August 1803. He was imprisoned in Givet and Sarrelivre prison camps, where he learnt his trade of shoe making. Thomas Shone was not a member of the Royal Navy, but an Ordinary Seaman, joining the East India Company in 1802, as per ships' documents and French POW records.

With the aid of French Freemasons he escaped to England where he started a family in London. In 1820 his three children were Wesleyan, baptised soon before boarding Nautilus with his wife Sarah Phillips, and sailed to Algoa Bay. He had joined a party as a labourer, despite his ability to read and write. As part of the Scott party, which meant he was bound to work at his master's command, almost as a slave for five years to repay the cost of his voyage, they were settled close to the Xhosa border and were the last to leave after the first Xhosa war broke out, losing their entire belongings. He built up a second farm which was again burnt down in a later border war. On the death of his wife Sarah in 1837 he became melancholy and decided to write a daily journal, which he continued for 30 years. The journal provides insight into the day-to-day lives of the 1820 Settlers and their hardships. It is located at the Cory Library at Rhodes University.

His grandson, Thomas Leopold Hamilton Shone, founded the manganese mining industry in South Africa, while his other grandson, Edward Clement Roberts, was the first man to mine anthracite in the Maclear district of South Africa.


Pump dispenser

A pump dispenser is used on containers of  liquids to help dispensing. They might be used on bottles, jars, or tubes. Often the contents are viscous liquids such as creams and lotions.  Some are metered to provide  uniform usage.  Some mix contents from two or more sources prior to dispensing.

Typical products
Liquid soap
Moisturizer
Toothpaste
Lotion
Cosmetics
 Pharmaceuticals

Functioning
Several types of pumps and dispensing systems have been developed.  Some of the pumps are similar to those of spray bottles.

Examples


Mounir Bakiri

Mounir Bakiri is a Paralympian athlete from Algeria competing mainly in category F32 shot putt events.

He competed in the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, China. There he won a bronze medal in the men's F32 shot putt event.

External links


Long-billed crow

The long-billed crow (Corvus validus) is a crow that is endemic to the Northern Maluku Islands. This crow is large with glossy plumage, a large bill and white irises. It is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as a "near-threatened species".

Description
The long-billed crow is a large crow growing from  in length including its relatively short tail. The large bill tapers from a broad base and is black, as are the legs and feet. The plumage is glossy and entirely black. The call of this crow has been likened to the yapping of a puppy "cruk...cruk...cruk".

The long-billed crow can be differentiated from other crows by its large size and glossy plumage, its long beak and its white iris. The only other crow within its range is the Torresian crow (Corvus orru) which has a much smaller beak and inhabits more open areas rather than forests.

Distribution and habitat
The long-billed crow is endemic to the Maluku Islands, an archipelago within Indonesia. It is a forest-dwelling bird and is mainly found on the islands of Morotai, Obira, Kayoa, Kasiruta, Bacan and Halmahera.

Status
The long-billed crow has a restricted range with a total area of occupancy of about . The forests in which it lives are being degraded and the population of the crow is estimated to be declining. However, it is a common bird and seems able to adapt to a certain extent to secondary forests, partly logged areas, plantations and cultivated areas. The International Union for Conservation of Nature, for a long period of time, rated its conservation status as being of "least concern" but has now upgraded this to "near threatened" because populations seem to be declining more rapidly than was previously thought.


Accolade (architecture)

In architecture, an accolade is an embellishment of an arch, found most typically in late Gothic architecture.

One kind of accolade forms a pair of reverse ogee curves over a three-centered arch, ending in a vertical finial.


Pterolophia lateritia

Pterolophia lateritia is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Stephan von Breuning in 1939.