Roosevelt Island station

Roosevelt Island is a station on the IND 63rd Street Line of the New York City Subway. Located in Manhattan on Roosevelt Island in the East River, it is served by the F train at all times and the <F> train during rush hours in the peak direction.

The Roosevelt Island station was first proposed in 1965, when the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) announced that it would build a subway station to encourage transit-oriented development on Roosevelt Island. The station and the rest of the 63rd Street Line were built as part of the Program for Action, a wide-ranging subway expansion program, starting in the late 1960s. When construction of the line was delayed, the Roosevelt Island Tram was built in 1973. The Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation was formed in 1984 to develop the island, but was not successful until October 1989 when the subway station opened along with the rest of the 63rd Street Line. The opening encouraged the development of the island, which has made the station busier.

Until December 2001, this was the second-to-last stop of the line, which terminated one stop east at 21st Street–Queensbridge. In 2001 the 63rd Street Tunnel Connection opened, allowing trains from the IND Queens Boulevard Line to use the line. Since the opening of the connection, the line has been served by F trains, and the subway then became the second means for direct travel between the island and Queens, supplementing the buses that had been operating over the Roosevelt Island Bridge.

The station is one of the system's deepest, at  below ground. The depth of the station is required because the line has to pass under the West and East Channels of the East River.

History

Background
Roosevelt Island was once home to a penitentiary and some asylums, as well as being home to numerous hospitals. It was originally called Blackwell's Island, but in 1921 it became known as Welfare Island because of the numerous hospitals on the island. The island became neglected once the hospitals started closing and their buildings were left abandoned to decay. During the 1960s, some groups started proposing uses for the island.

On February 16, 1965, the New York City Transit Authority announced plans to construct a subway station on the island along the planned 63rd Street Line, as part of the island's proposed transit-oriented development (TOD). TOD tries to increase the amount of residential, business and leisure space within walking distance of public transport. With this announcements, more suggestions for what to do with the island were made. The construction of a station was viewed to be vital for the development of the island, which was still known as Welfare Island. At that point, it was decided to build a shell for the station, to allow for the station to open after the opening of the rest of the line, with a projected savings of $4 million compared to building the station as an infill station after the rest of the line opened. The projected cost of the station was $3.3 million. It was soon decided to build the station with the rest of the line.

The 63rd Street Line was the final version of proposals for a northern midtown tunnel from the IND Queens Boulevard Line to the Second and Sixth Avenue lines, which dated back to the IND Second System of the 1920s and 1930s. The current plans were drawn up in the 1960s under the Metropolitan Transportation Authority's Program For Action, where the 63rd Street subway line was to be built in the upper portion of the bi-level 63rd Street Tunnel.

Beginning in the mid-1970s, Roosevelt Island was redeveloped to accommodate low- to mid-income housing projects. However, there was no direct transit connection to Manhattan. The subway was delayed and still under construction; trolley tracks that formerly served Roosevelt Island via the Queensboro Bridge were unusable; and the only way on and off the island was via the Roosevelt Island Bridge to Queens. A tram route, the Roosevelt Island Tramway, was opened in May 1976 as a "temporary" connection to Manhattan. The Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation was formed in 1984 to develop the island, but was not successful until October 1989 when the subway station opened along with the rest of the 63rd Street Line. After that, a high-rise luxury apartment building with some subsidized housing opened.

Opening
This station opened on October 29, 1989 along with the entire IND 63rd Street Line. The opening of the subway resulted in a steep decline in Roosevelt Island Tramway ridership.

The  train served the station on weekdays and the  train stopped there on the weekends; both services used the Sixth Avenue Line. For the first couple of months after the station opened, the JFK Express to Kennedy Airport ran on the line, but did not serve the station, until it was discontinued in 1990.

The 63rd Street Tunnel had gained notoriety as the "tunnel to nowhere" both during its planning and after its opening, as the line's northern terminus at 21st Street–Queensbridge, one stop after Roosevelt Island, was not connected to any other subway station or line in Queens. This changed in 2001 when the connection to the Queens Boulevard Line was completed and opened. Thereafter, the station began being served by the F train, which serves Roosevelt Island to this day.

At an April 14, 2008, news conference, Governor David Paterson announced that the MTA would power a substantial portion of the station using tidal energy generated by turbines located in the East River, which are part of the Roosevelt Island Tidal Energy Project. This was part of a larger MTA initiative to use sustainable energy resources within the subway system; however, the initiative later stalled.

Station layout

The station has two tracks and two side platforms. It is the fourth-deepest station in the New York City Subway at about  below street level (approximately 10 stories deep) behind 34th Street–Hudson Yards, 190th Street, and 191st Street stations, also in Manhattan. Due to its depth, the station contains several features not common in the rest of the system. Similar to stations of the Paris Metro and Washington Metro, the Roosevelt Island station was built with a high vaulted ceiling and a mezzanine directly visible above the tracks.

The station is fully ADA-accessible, with elevators to street level. West of this station, there is a diamond crossover and two bellmouths that curve southward toward an unbuilt portion of the Second Avenue Subway. The currently unused lower level of the 63rd Street Tunnel contains an emergency exit to this station. The lower level will be used by Long Island Rail Road trains once East Side Access is completed.

The Roosevelt Island station is one of two subway stations in Manhattan that are not located on Manhattan Island itself, the other being the Marble Hill–225th Street station on the . It is also one of two New York City Subway stations located on its own island, the other being the Broad Channel station in Queens, serving the .

Exit
Fare control is in a glass-enclosed headhouse building off of Main Street. The headhouse has a feature that is unusual to the subway system: it uses recordings of birds to try to scare away city pigeons, and these bird recordings play every few minutes or so. The system was installed because of problems with pigeons entering the headhouse and leaving feathers and droppings both inside and around the building. Previous efforts, like spiked ledges, had been ineffective in curbing the pigeon population of the area immediately next to the station.

Ridership
When the station opened in 1989, daily ridership on the Roosevelt Island Tramway, an aerial tramway that also connects Roosevelt Island to Manhattan, decreased sharply, from 5,500 daily riders in 1989 to 3,000 by 1993. In 2008, the subway station saw about 5,900 daily riders, compared to 3,000 for the tram, which had maintained steady ridership. Over the next eight years, the station experienced additional ridership growth. In 2016, an average of 6,630 daily riders used the station on an average weekday. This amounted to 2,110,471 total riders entering the station in 2016.

Nearby points of interest
The station serves several destinations on Roosevelt Island. On the northern part of the island is the Bird S. Coler Hospital, a large city-owned facility. On the southern portion of the island, Cornell University and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology opened their new  Cornell Tech campus, which will focus on new applied science and technology, in September 2017. On Main Street is the Good Shepherd Church, which was built in 1888 and is on the National Register of Historic Places. A ballfield on the island is named Firefighters Field in honor of three firefighters that died while trying to save lives in the September 11 attacks. The Roosevelt Island Tramway, which was intended to be replaced by the subway, is still in service with a terminal just south of the subway entrance. It is used by commuters and tourists alike.

Gallery

Notes


Emilee Cherry

Emilee Cherry  (born 2 November 1992) is a professional Australian Rugby Union player. She represents Australia in Sevens Rugby and won a gold medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio.

Born in Roma, Queensland and playing for Toowoomba Bears at a club level, Cherry debuted for Australia in November 2012. As of December 2015, she had 14 caps. Cherry is a dual international, having represented Australia in Touch football (rugby league).

Cherry was the 2013/14 Women’s Sevens World Player of the Year, her game lifting after Tim Walsh took over as Head Coach in September 2013. She scored the most tries in the series (33), scored the most points (195) and was the stand-out player during the 2013–14 IRB World Series season as she was named the 2014 World Sevens Player of the Year. Representative honours include Touch Football Australia, Aussie Pearls and Queensland.

Cherry was a member of Australia's team at the 2016 Olympics, defeating New Zealand in the final to win the inaugural Olympic gold medal in the sport.


London Lodge

The London Lodge (also London Lodge of the Theosophical Society) was an English lodge of the Theosophical Society. Until the 1910s, the lodge was an important part of the theosophical movement.

History

The London Lodge was founded on 27 June 1878 in London by Charles Carleton Massey (1838-1905) under the name British Theosophical Society of the Arya Samaj of Aryavart. Apart from unofficial lodges in places like Liverpool or Korfu, the London Lodge was the first official lodge of the Theosophical Society since the foundation of the society in 1875. The new society, which was often abbreviated as British Theosophical Society or British TS was also affiliated with the Hindu reform movement "Arya Samaj". In 1882, the Arya Samaj and the TS separated, and the name of the lodge was changed to British Theosophical Society.

On 3 June 1883 the name of the lodge was changed to London Lodge of the Theosophical Society, usually written as London Lodge TS or simply London Lodge. In February 1909, the lodge separated for a short time from the TS, and changed its name to The Eleusinian Society during this time. In spring 1911, the lodge became again part of the TS, and changed its name back to London Lodge.

The first president of the British TS was Charles Carleton Massey from 27 June 1878 to 6 January 1883. After 7 January 1883 Anna Kingsford was president, under her leadership the lodge changed its name to "London Lodge" on 3 June 1883.

In April/May 1883 Alfred Percy Sinnett became a member of the London Lodge. In autumn 1883, the London lodge separated into two parts, the followers of Sinnett, and the followers of Kingsford. On 6 (7?) April 1884 Gerard B. Finch was elected as president. But Sinnett remained the most important figure in the lodge, which was often known as "Sinnett's London Lodge". He became the President of the Lodge in January 1885.

14 members of the London Lodge founded in May 1887 the Blavatsky Lodge, the second official theosophical Society in England, and the third in Europe after the Loge Germania in Germany. In December 1888, the British Section of the Theosophical Society was founded. But the London Lodge remained autonomous. In 1890 Blavatsky founded the European Section of the Theosophical Society, of which the London Lodge was only nominally a member.

Charles Webster Leadbeater became, on 21 November 1883, a member of the London Lodge. Because of the Leadbeater scandal, the London Lodge separated itself from the TS in February 1909 for two years, and temporarily changed its name to The Eleusinian Society. In spring 1911, the lodge became again part of the TS under its earlier name London Lodge.


Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza

Rodolfo Marcos Teófilo is one of the neighborhoods of Fortaleza, the capital of the state of Ceará in northeastern Brazil.  Rodolfo Teófilo is home to the Universidade Federal do Ceará's (UFC) school of medicine and hospital.


Eduardo Pitta

Eduardo Pitta (born 9 August 1949) is a Portuguese poet, fiction writer and essayist.

Bio and work

Born in Lourenço Marques, now Maputo, on 9 August 1949, he lived in Mozambique until 1975. He had published ten books of poetry. A large selection of that corpus of poems was collected in Desobediência, 2011. It is represented in several anthologies of contemporary Portuguese poetry. A significant number of his essays and critical writings have been collected in six volumes. In 2013 published a memoir, Um Rapaz a Arder. His poetry and prose have appeared in various magazines and anthologies in Portugal, Spain, France, Brasil, Colombia, England, Israel, USA and, in his early years (1968–1975), in Mozambique. In addition to the short story The Stratagem, published in the collective volume, has published several short stories in the magazine Egoísta. Since 2011 he writes literary criticism at the Portuguese magazine Sábado.

Personal life
Pitta was legally married in 2010 with Jorge Neves, his partner since 1972.

Works

Poetry

 1974 Sílaba a Sílaba
 1979 Um Cão de Angústia Progride
 1983 A Linguagem da Desordem
 1984 Olhos Calcinados
 1988 Archote Glaciar
 1991 Arbítrio
 1999 Marcas de Água
 2004 Poesia Escolhida
 2011 Y si Todo, de Repente? / Spanish anthology
 2011 Desobediência

Fiction

 2000 Persona, short stories
 2007 Cidade Proibida, novel

Essay and critic

 2002 Comenda de Fogo
 2003 Fractura
 2004 Metal Fundente
 2007 Intriga em Família
 2010 Aula de Poesia
 2014 Pompas Fúnebres

Memoir

 2005 Os Dias de Veneza
 2013 Cadernos Italianos
 2013 Um Rapaz a Arder

Edited works
 2008 Canções e Outros Poemas, António Botto.
 2008 Fátima, António Botto.
 2018 Poesia, António Botto's complete poetry.


Yalding railway station

Yalding railway station is on the Medway Valley Line in Kent, England, serving the village of Yalding. It is  down the line from London Charing Cross via  and is situated between  and . The station and all trains that call are operated by Southeastern.

The APTIS-equipped ticket office (on the southbound platform) closed in 1989; the building was then used for commercial purposes but has recently become disused. In 2007, a PERTIS (Permit to Travel) ticket machine was installed at the entrance to the southbound platform.

On the road outside the station, there is a level crossing.

Services

The typical off-peak service from the station is one train per hour to  and , and one train an hour to Strood. Connections to London are available at either of these two stations, or by changing at Maidstone Barracks and walking to Maidstone East.

External links


Komnino railway station

Komnino is a non-operational PKP railway station in Komnino (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland.

Lines crossing the station


North Hopewell Township, York County, Pennsylvania

North Hopewell Township is a township in York County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 2,791 at the 2010 census.

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of 18.6 square miles (48.1 km²), all of it land. The township surrounds the borough of Winterstown.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,507 people, 942 households, and 736 families living in the township.  The population density was 135.0 people per square mile (52.1/km²).  There were 984 housing units at an average density of 53.0/sq mi (20.4/km²).  The racial makeup of the township was 98.32% White, 0.36% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.24% Asian, and 0.96% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.56% of the population.

There were 942 households out of which 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.2% were married couples living together, 5.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.8% were non-families. 17.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the township the population was spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.7 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.8 males.

The median income for a household in the township was $47,139, and the median income for a family was $55,438. Males had a median income of $37,588 versus $26,646 for females. The per capita income for the township was $20,993.  About 2.3% of families and 2.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.


Municipality of Črna na Koroškem

The Municipality of Črna na Koroškem (; ) is a municipality in northern Slovenia. The seat of the municipality is the town of Črna na Koroškem. It lies in the traditional Slovenian province of Carinthia, close to the border with Austria. Since 2005 it has been part of the larger Carinthia Statistical Region.

Geography
The municipal area stretches along the upper Meža Valley at the confluence of the Meža River with its tributary Javorje Creek (). The surrounding mountains of the Karawanks and Kamnik–Savinja Alps ranges include the Peca massif at the Austrian border in the northwest, with the summit of Kordež Head () reaching an elevation of . Due to its picturesque setting, the municipality is a popular destination for mountain hikers.


Clevelin Hills

The Clevelin Hills are a range of hills in the Peninsular Ranges System, within the Temescal Mountains in western Riverside County, in southern California.

The hills range from an elevation of over  in the southeastern section, to the range's high point of  in elevation, in the northwestern section.

The Clevelin Hills are named for the leading developers of the Clevelin Corporation (Henry Cleveland Schultz and Abe Corlinsky) in the 1920s. These hills feature historic Clevelin Spanish-Mediterranean homes (designed by Architects Dickman & Simmons) and adorned with Hopi-inspired features and Italianate gardens (designed by Landscape Architect, Otto Gutkaes). Hundreds of Marbelite lampposts designed by mineral engineer and inventor, Henry Barkschat, have stood for over 100 years. These lampposts are constructed of centrifugally dried cement laden with sparkling white San Bernardino granite. Each evening the lamps on Lakeshore Drive illuminate what was once the Clevelin subdivision's lake front.

Geology
The Clevelin Hills are the horst, on the edge of the Perris Block, thrown up on the northeast side of the graben of the Elsinore Valley, close to the shore of Lake Elsinore, along the Glen Ivy Fault.

The Clevelin Hills are composed of a number of different rock formations.  In the southeast along the Lake Elsinore shore they are composed of Triassic Santa Ana Formation and  Jurassic dacite and gabbro.  To the northeast they are composed mostly of Lower Pleistocene or older fanglomerate underlain by Cretaceous grandiorite.  There are exposures of Eocene Martinez Formation on its southwest slopes and northeast slopes. Some Santa Ana Formation rocks are found on the northwest end of the range, and at Canyon Lake.


Te Mata, Waikato District

Te Mata is a small settlement  from Hamilton and  from Raglan.

Demographics
Te Mata's meshblock (0861900, which extends from Te Mata to Pakoka Landing) had these census results -

Geology
The village lies in the Te Mata Stream valley, which is the main tributary of the Opotoru River. Nearly all the rocks in the area are volcanic, the exception being chert (see History), though it is not marked on the geological map. The village is on Okete Volcanics, on a flat area on formed by volcanic damming, with Karioi Volcanics on the higher land immediately to the west. Some basaltic scoria includes iron oxide bands with up to 51.74% iron content.

History
Te Mata was part of the rohe of Ngāti Māhanga. Until the early twentieth century the area was largely covered in kahikatea bush. The archaeology map shows only one site near the present village, the great bulk of sites being near the coast. However, that one site, just north of the village, was of importance for its chert and the origin of the name, Te Mata, which translates as chert, flint or obsidian. Chert tools from the area have been identified at 18 sites from Manukau South Head to Awakino.

European settlement began in the 1850s. The Raglan County history said, "On 22 March 1851, eighteen chiefs of Ngati-Mahanga and Ngati-Hourua, headed by William Naylor, sold to Queen Victoria for the sum of £400 (modern equivalent about $50,000)",  of country bordering on the southern shores of the harbour. The western boundary of the Whaingaroa Block, as it came to be known, began at Putoetoe (the point on which the town of Raglan now stands) and followed the Opotoru Stream inland. Leaving that stream at its junction with the Hutewai, the line ran south beyond Te Mata to a point "marked by a hole dug by the side of the path to Aotea. Here it turned north-eastward to run (again in a straight line) for eight miles through dense forest to meet the Waitetuna River, the last few miles of which formed the eastern boundary."

An 1855 traveller through Pukerangi ( north of Te Mata) wrote, "We found some English settlers in the open spaces, formerly cleared by the natives, as we walked through the forest: one family of the name of McArthur, another Phillips from Bath, another Day. All seemed pleased with the land, which, though small in quantity, was very good in quality. We stopped half-an-hour after sunset at one of these "saltus," called Mata, where Rota and our lads had proceeded; and pitched our tent in a beautiful spot, where I expect to see, in five years' time, a fair population, and perhaps a Church."

However, settlement wasn't that fast; Raglan Old Settlers, 1940 booklet said, "As nearly as can be ascertained the first settlers in Te Mata were the Hutchisons, Kinnairds and Barretts; about 1857 it is believed they came. Following them came Rollos, J. Mitchell, Bunting, Stebbins, Sherlocks and Wilsons. They had their homes in close proximity in the centre of the district. A narrow track through standing bush formed their outlet to the Raglan township." A store was opened in 1896, Te Mata Co-op. Dairy Co. started in 1902,. Te Mata Hall and a new school were built in 1905.

A 1915 guide said, "Te Mata is a small township in Raglan County, 25 miles from Frankton by coach, and about nine miles south of Raglan, on the Raglan-Kawhia Road. It is chiefly a farming and grazing district."

Transport
Te Mata is  south of SH23, on the road which continues south to a junction with SH31, near Kawhia. It is sealed from SH23 to Phillips Rd,  south of Te Mata, as is Ruapuke Rd. Otherwise, most roads are gravel, the transport system having developed slowly.

Roads

When the land was bought in 1855, the Commissioner wrote, "The land is of good quality, having a Native track leading through it from the harbour, capable of forming a road by deviating slightly inland." Those tracks were later supplemented by settlers' tracks, but it wasn't until the formation of Raglan Town (1868) and Karioi (1870) Highways Boards that road building was paid for by local rates. After the Immigration and Public Works Act of 1870, government also contributed.

Waimaori Rd, now a little used gravel road, was first to be started. An 1864 track ran from Waitomotomo to Waimaori, extended about 1882 by settlers Ward and Jackson as a bullock road from the bridge at Waimaori and later extended up Waimaori Hill to the top of the coastal hills and down Mill Hill to Ruapuke Beach.

The state of transport in 1871 is illustrated by a description of the Saunders family arrival. It says they took a boat from Raglan to Bridle Creek, then a bullock dray to Kauroa, pack horses to Te Mata and then had to widen the track to Te Hutewai to get their packs through. At its 2 January 1872 meeting, the Karioi Board decided to call for tenders to form the Te Mata-Raglan road in the worst places.

On 14 November 1870 the Board decided the bridge (possibly built in the late 1850s) over the Opotoru on the Raglan-Aotea road (Maungatawhiri Rd) was nearly worn out and that a bridge was needed for the new Aotea-Waitetuna road (Kauroa Rd), about  upstream; now the only bridge. The Board was anxious to make one bridge serve both roads, but 2 were built. On 14 August 1872 it was decided to build a new bridge of puriri. The present 1960s bridge is concrete.

By 1880 Te Mata Rd was described as "a more than ordinarily good road", with the bush "felled for some distance on either hand" and "several well cultivated farms".

By 1884  of the road to Kawhia had been completed to Pakoka. Public Works Estimates were then made to extend the road over Pakoka Bridge in 1884, 1897, 1902, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1914, and 1918.

Buses

Te Mata now only has school buses, but once had public services. From March 1922 a two and a half hour, Pakoka Landing to Frankton, via Te Mata, "Silver Trail", bus service started, with a motor launch connection to Kawhia on Fridays. Problems with rough roads and tides caused it to fail. In 1938 a Western Highways bus ran from Kawhia to Auckland via Makomako, Te Mata, Waingaro and Tuakau and back the next day. In 1946 Brosnan Motors started a daily run, leaving Kawhia at 5.45am, arriving at Auckland at 1pm, returning at 2 pm. and back at Kawhia about 9.30pm. In 1950 Brosnan Motors sold the Raglan-Kawhia run to Norman Rankin, who ended it in 1952. Brosnan Motors sold the Raglan-Auckland run to Pavlovich Motors in 1971 but Jim continues to run the local school buses. The first bus used on the Auckland-Kawhia run was a 7-seater Studebaker. Then a 10-seater Dodge used by Norman Collett later gave way to a 14-seater Oldsmobile. As the roads improved 18 and 21-seater Diamond T buses took over. Now 40-seaters run from Raglan to Auckland. Pavlovich ended the Raglan-Auckland service in 1976.

In the early years of motor buses, some Hamilton-Raglan buses ran via Te Mata, but were replaced by a mail van. From 1 October 1950 until after 1983, Robertsons had a 9am bus to Raglan, which left mail at Te Uku en route. Rural mail was sorted in Raglan and this service travelled to Te Mata via Maungatawhiri, and then through Kauroa, on to Aramiro and back to Raglan via Okete, returning to Hamilton at 3pm.

Churches
All Saints Anglican Church was designed by Thomas Cray and cost £800, mainly raised by Te Mata Ladies Guild. It was dedicated by the Bishop of Waikato in 1928. It was sold in 2013, though had been privately owned before that. The Catholic Church of the Holy Redeemer in Te Mata was built of rimu and cost £600 to build. It was opened on 10 March 1935 by Bishop Liston.

Dairies
About 1899 Mr. W. J. Smith built a butter factory, just south of Te Mata. In 1903 he sold the Te Mata Creamery for £600 and a Co-op Butter Factory was created, with 16 suppliers producing about 17 tons of butter a year. In 1911 it amalgamated with Kauroa and the Te Mata Factory closed.

Sawmills
The only mill at Te Mata was Fleming's who built a mill a short way up the Ruapuke road in 1903. They cut the timber for the 1905 Te Mata hall. There was also George Saunders' mill at Te Hutewai built about 1908 and powered by a water wheel, fed from a dam which is still there. Raglan Sawmilling Co was formed about 1919. Their Te Hutewai mill burnt down in 1928.

Saleyards
Kauroa saleyards,  north of Te Mata, were first used on 21 January 1914, replacing sheep and cattle yards further north. Local farmers formed Kauroa Saleyards Society in 1977, when the yards were threatened with closure, and continue to hold sales.

Shops
The nearest shop is now at Te Uku, but in the past there were several others. Mr W. Duffus had a store at Motakotako on Phillips Rd by 1874. By 1880 it was owned by Mr J. W. Ellis. From the 1890s to the early 1920s Mr and Mrs Given ran a store and Post Office at Ruapuke. It closed in 1938, when Rural Delivery started from Te Mata. P. H. Watkins opened a store in 1896 and moved to a larger, more central store in 1902. A hat and frock shop opened in the old store, Scott's saddlery and Cornes' plumbing shops were at the junction of the Te Mata and Ruapuke Roads, Wally Thomson had a blacksmiths and, in the 1920s, there were 2 butchers, each with a slaughterhouse.

Telephone
About 1880 the first telephone line to connect Kawhia with Hamilton came via Waitetuna, Kauroa and Te Mata. In 1914 the Te Mata Telephone Association was joined by 40 settlers linked to the exchange at the local store operated 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., but with a 24-hour service for local calls. It went into liquidation in 1927 when the new post office, lines and exchange were built with 64 subscribers. The old lines had small insulators, galvanised wire, cheap poles and a single wire earth system. The exchange was automated in 1970.

Education
Te Mata School (Raglan), a state full primary (years 1-8) school, had, , a decile rating of 1 and a roll of 81. The school opened in 1877, built from prefabricated immigrants cottages, which had been shipped to Raglan in 1874, and later hauled to Te Mata by John Galvan's bullock team. The present school was built in 1905. New classrooms were built in 1961 and the 1905 building re-modelled. In 1964 the old school house was replaced with one from Te Hutewai school. School baths were built in the 50s, and a filtration plant added in 1969.

Former MP, Katherine O'Regan, was at the school from 1951 to 1958.

Schools formerly existed at Kauroa (1907 until amalgamated with Raglan 1941), Makomako (1926-after 1973), Pakihi (1935-1960-ish), Pakoka (1915–19), Raorao (1844 - 1904, or 1907), Ruapuke and Te Hutewai (1924-1958). Pupils now travel by school bus to Te Mata or Raglan.

External links
1:50,000 map
Google street scene photo
Te Mata news Facebook page
National Library 1910 photos Te Mata main street and Public Hall, public hall, general store, stream, looking south, Te Mata Rd and bridge, Te Mata school, Takapaunui River, river, pond, Nicholson's Bridge, Price's Bridge, Black Bridge, Red Bridge, road junction, dairy factory and World War 2 Home Guard Mounted Rifles.
Auckland Weekly News photos 1901 Post Office, 1928 All Saints church
Auckland Star photo 1927 new Post Office


Tie signs

Tie signs are signs, signals, and symbols, that are revealed through people's actions as well as objects such as engagement rings, wedding bands, and photographs of a personal nature that suggest a relationship exists between two people. For romantic couples, public displays of affection (PDA) including things like holding hands, an arm around a partner's shoulders or waist, extended periods of physical contact, greater-than-normal levels of physical proximity, grooming one's partner, and “sweet talk” are all examples of common tie signs. Tie signs inform the participants, as well as outsiders, about the nature of a relationship, its condition, and even what stage a relationship is in.

Background
Origination of the term "tie sign" has been attributed to Desmond Morris, an English zoologist and author, by at least one source. However, Erving Goffman is also credited with employing the term in 1959, almost two decades earlier.

Usage

Nearly anything can be a tie sign, whether it is an action or an object, depending on the context in which it is observed. The majority of the time, the term tie sign is directed toward relational couples, but it can also apply to groups like families and friends. Additionally, "name-dropping" is an example a type of non-romantic tie sign wherein someone attempts to communicate to others that a relationship exists between the speaker and the person he or she has named.

Dependence on context
Morris relates that one of the difficulties associated with understanding tie signs is that almost anything can qualify as one, depending on the circumstances. For example, even though holding hands is a common tie sign, there is an obvious difference between a man and a woman holding hands as they stand on the altar at a wedding when compared to a female physician holding a male patient's hand in a doctor's office. Goffman echoes this sentiment when he says, "a tie-sign is in fact dependent on the context for its meaning."

Use of tie signs in social media
The advent of social media has created a newer conduit for tie signs. In addition to broadcasting images of a couple exhibiting traditional tie signs like kissing, holding hands, hugging, pictures of weddings, and engagement rings, etc., social media provides the opportunity for other signals such as "liking" someone's page or tagging another person in a picture. Additionally, although observers may not witness the act of "liking" as it occurs, evidence of such actions persist on the recipient's page for others to see over time.

There is some evidence that ceasing to use social media for relational maintenance purposes could contribute to "alienation and relational de-escalation", while it would not have been a problem in the past simply because the opportunity to communicate via social media was not an option.

Applications

Afifi and Johnson
Walid A. Afifi and Michelle L. Johnson researched cross-sex friendships (those between a man and a woman) and how the use of tie signs in less-than-romantic relationships differ from the same tie signs when they are used in romantic cross-sex relationships. For example, hugging as a greeting is an accepted tie sign for both cross-sex friendship as well as cross-sex romantic relationships. Afifi and Johnson note some differences between sexes in the meanings behind tie signs in certain circumstances. For example, women, more often than men, stated their use of tie signs was intended to "express inclusion and intimacy." Afifi and Johnson also suggest that less-than-overt tie signs are often ambiguous even with knowledge of the context and the present state of the relationship. It is for this reason that Goffman argues that a tie sign is informative in nature and not a type of communication or language that can stand on its own.

Goffman
Like Morris, Goffman's work on tie signs, copyrighted in 1971, was more descriptive than it was research-based because he was defining a new concept. In so doing, Goffman focuses on relationships between two people (dyadic), and refers to the participants as both "pegs" and "ends" that are joined in "anchored relations," as well as the way intentional and unintentional actions that are exhibited by the pair reflect the current state of their relationship. Goffman argues that tie signs are "ritual idioms" that contain information as opposed to a particular message, in large part because tie signs are often susceptible to incorrect interpretations. In turn, third-party observers tend to look for additional tie signs in order to confirm or deny their suspicions regarding the subjects they are observing. Goffman breaks tie-signs into three distinct categories:

 Rituals:  These are inward-facing tie signs between those in a relationship. For example, in a new relationship, where the parties exhibit increased attentiveness toward one another by holding hands, maintaining prolonged eye contact, etc. Ritual ties signs can be subtle or overt, but, although they may be perceptible to outsiders, they are directed inward between the participants.
 Markers:  As the name suggests, these types of tie signs are more overt and intended by at least one of the participants in a relationship to be interpreted by others that a relationship of some kind does exist.
 Change signals:  Things like weddings and births are examples of change signals. Change signals also generally involve a participant in the relationship taking a good bit for granted, or as Goffman puts it, "the taking of liberty." For example, handing a partner one's coat or purse without asking, and not giving the action a second thought, is an example of one relational "peg" demonstrating that a relationship exists with another.

Guerrero and Anderson
Laura K. Guerrero and Peter A. Andersen researched how touch avoidance informs on the various stages of romantic relationships. Guerrero and Anderson's results quite clearly suggest a marked decrease in touching between couples once their relationship reaches a "stable" stage.  The authors' research does not determine whether the decrease in touch after reaching a "stable" condition it is no longer needed as much as when the relationship is still forming, or if need, or desire, for public touching is replaced by an increase in physical contact while in private, or by less overt communications and gestures such as knowing looks between pairs.

Guerrero and Anderson's work supports Morris' contention that tie-signs decrease in frequency and intimacy as relationships mature. Goffman refers to this trend as “taking liberty.”

Perhaps somewhat counter intuitively on its face, a lack of touching between an “anchored pair” is also a tie sign that can signal a pair's relationship is in a mature and stable stage.

Morris
Like Goffman, Desmond Morris's work with tie signs, was more descriptive in nature as he was describing a new concept, in contrast with others’research that followed. Morris defines a tie sign as "any action which indicates the existence of a personal relationship". Additionally, he broadens and clarifies his definition by including objects such as engagement rings, family pictures, and tattoos, as well as "indirect tie signs" such as a couple sharing a desert after dinner, and "direct ties signs" such as maintaining close proximity to one another, finishing each other's sentences, and prolonged and frequent body contact.

Sosick and Bazarova
Victoria Schwanda Sosik and Natalya Bazarova researched relational maintenance through social networking including an increasing sense of “staying in touch” and frequency of contact. Even while noting a reduction in effort, or "relational maintenance cost" required to maintain a relationship via a social media conduit, the authors argue that activity on an acquaintance's social media page still serves to signal a shared relationship. Sosik and Bazarova also argue there is a hierarchy of signals available including more personal, written comments posted either publicly or privately, “liking” something on the other person's social media page, tagging the other person when active on other pages, etc. Two differences between an in-person tie sign and a tie sign in a social media setting are first - the potentially greater size of the audience, and second - the lingering of tie signs that were generated in the past creating, in turn, a prolonged signal to any who see it that a relationship exists.

Tong and Walther
In Wright and Webb's book Computer-Mediated Communication in Personal Relationships, Stephanie Tom Tong and Joseph Walther explore whether social media activity is additive to relational maintenance between people that are not dispersed geographically and otherwise have social contact with one another. Even thought people may have a relationship outside of social media, they still often choose to demonstrate to others that a relationship exists with tie signs that are delivered via social media platforms.

Critique
In "Relations in Public", Goffman concedes that his review of tie-signs is focused on Western society of the time, specifically to "middle-class American[s]."


Vanessa Pose

Vanessa Pose- Romero (born March 12, 1990)  is a Venezuelan actress best known for her role as Elisa Altamira in the telenovela ¿Dónde Está Elisa? And Vicky Hutton Miller in the telenovela Aurora

Biography
Her father is Uruguayan and her mother is Cuban. She has a twin brother named Andrés and an older brother named Alejandro. She met actor Pedro Levy in 2011 and they got married in 2012. She gave birth to a baby girl in 2012.

Career
Pose had her first role in Con toda el Alma in 2005 as Maria Victoria Serrano and Camila Villafane as the Main Antagonist for the first 2 seasons she then departed from the series and Lorena Alvardo as Leticia La Madrid took her place for the third season, in 2006-2010 she appeared in Voltea pa' que te enamores, as Algeria Guzman until the show ended with a fifth season. In 2010 she got a role in Donde esta elisa as the Titular Protagonist  she announced her departure in mid 2010 but the  series still went on. In 2010-2011 she played Victoria "Vicky" hutton Miller in Aurora. In 2012- 2013 she played Emma Arroyo as the Co-Protagonist in Corazon Valiente later that year she departed from the series but came back in 2013 for the series finale. In 2013 she was supposed to play Patricia Ibarra on Marido en Alquiler but her pregnancy was unexpected and Kimberly Dos Ramos took the role instead but she did special guest star on the series.

Filmography

Films

Telenovelas

Webnovelas


Petroleum industry in Niger

Niger has a long history of petroleum exploration dating back to the 1970s. However, it is only recently in 2011 that the petroleum industry of Niger was born with the opening of the Agadem oilfield and the Soraz refinery near Zinder. The oil and gas extracted from the Agadem field are processed at the Soraz refinery and products (gasoline, diesel and liquified natural gas) are primarily for domestic consumption. Since the beginning of the oil extraction, it appears that the reserves have been underestimated: from an estimate of 324 million barrel reserves in 2008, it is believed that reserves are three times higher, near 1 billion barrels in 2013. With the increase in reserves, Niger anticipates an increase in its production from 20,000 to 80,000 barrels per day by 2016 with 60,000 barrels per day for exports via Chad and Cameroon.

Exploration

The history of oil exploration and discovery in Niger goes back to the 1970s. The first tangible discovery occurred in 1975 at the Tintouma field near Madama. However, it was in the Agadem Basin, located in the north-east of the Niger, that exploration began in 1970 with first Texaco then Esso prospecting until 1980. Ten wells will be drilled in Agadem block which covers an area of . In 1980, Elf Aquitaine held the permit on the Agadem block followed in 1985 by Esso and Elf, operating in a joint venture. Between 1990 and 1994, Esso and Elf dug five wells of which four resulted in discoveries. Esso dug three other wells between 1997 and 1998. Elf withdraw from the venture in 1998 and Esso was joined by Petronas in 2002.
After more than four years of exploration, Esso and Petronas abandoned the Agadem permit in 2006, judging it economically unprofitable. The block thus fell back in the public domain of the State with an estimated 324 million barrels of oil reserves and nearly  of gas. Unfortunately for the Esso and Petronas venture, the oil prices skyrocketed starting 2007 going from $30 to $147 in 2008. The reserves considered meager became more attractive and in 2008, China National Petroleum Corporation through its exploration and development company (CNODC) acquired the permit on the Agadem block. As part of the agreement with the government of Niger, CNODC created national branch in Niger (CNPC-NIGER-PETROLEUM SA) and carried out further exploration. Between 2008 and 2012, 76 exploration wells were completed of which 62 have resulted in discoveries. This led to an increase of the previous estimates from 324 million to 744 million barrels of oil and  to  of natural gas reserves. In 2013, a second exploration permit was awarded to CNODC with the reserves now estimated as high as 1 billion barrels. Since 2012, exploration has intensified with production-sharing contracts signed with international firms from Nigeria, Australia, UK and Bermuda.
In addition to the Agadem block, the Tenere block, licensed to CNPC, has potential reserves near 1 to 3 billion barrels of resources.

Petroleum production
Oil is presently extracted from the Agadem field and transported through an underground  long pipeline to the 20,000 barrel per day refinery in Zinder. While the intended extraction aimed for 20,000 barrels per day, by mid-2012, only 10,000 barrels per day was achieved. As of the first trimester of 2013, 3 million barrels have been extracted from the Agadem block in its opening.

Petroleum refinery
The beginning of oil production in Niger was followed with the construction of a refinery in Zinder commonly known as SORAZ. The total petroleum refining capacity is 20,000 barrels per day, which exceeds the 6,050 barrel per day domestic consumption as of 2010. The excess is intended for exports to neighboring countries such as Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali. The refinery can produce up 69,900 tonnes per year of liquified natural gas, 306,200 tonnes per year of gasoline and 505,400 tonnes per year of gas oil. By the first semester of 2013, the refinery was producing 113,524 tonnes of gasoline, 217,222 tonnes of diesel and more than 20,000 tonnes of bottled liquified natural gas for domestic use  per year.

Petroleum exports
At present (2014), the entirety of oil extracted is sent to the refinery in Zinder at present. However, a connection to the Chad-Cameroon pipeline is planned and has received approval from Chadian government and recently the Cameroonian Parliament. The pipeline will consist of  from Agadem to Chad and another  in Chad to connect it to its existing pipeline. Niger intends to increase it oil production to 80,000 barrels per day of which 60,000 barrel per day will be exported via this pipeline by 2016.


Aachen Open Air Pop Festival

The Aachen Open Air Pop Festival was a rock festival held at Hauptstadion in Aachen, Germany, on 10–12 July 1970. The "Soersfestival", as it is commonly called, was the initiative of three local students: Golo Goldschmitt, Walter Reiff, and Karl-August Hohmann in particular. As there were many hippies and freaks to be expected from all over Europe, the organisers had to tackle considerable difficulties and hostilities to crack on with the idea. Some 30.-40,000 visitors attended. The Festival was well-organised, the weather was fine and no real problems occurred in spite of a massive and intimidating cop presence. Coca-Cola was the main investor, along with some local entrepreneurs. Tickets cost DM 15,- , or DM 40,- for three days. Artists who ultimately declined invitations, included  Ginger Baker's Air Force, Canned Heat, Donovan, Fat Mattress, John Lennon & the Plastic Ono Band, John Mayall, Rhinoceros, The Rolling Stones and Soft Machine.

Acts
Friday, July 10:

Traffic (advertised, but didn't appear)
Deep Purple
Free
If
Quintessence
Livin' Blues
Principal Edwards Magic Theatre
Cuby + Blizzards (advertised, but didn't appear)
Golden Earring
Spencer Davis & Alun Davies

Saturday, July 11:

Edgar Broughton Band
Taste
Keef Hartley
Caravan
Can
Kevin Ayers and the Whole World
Mungo Jerry
Kraftwerk

Sunday, July 12:

Pink Floyd
Fairport Convention (advertised, but didn't appear)
Van der Graaf Generator (cancelled for finishing time)
Hardin & York
Amon Düül II
Tyrannosaurus rex
Krokodil
Raw Material
Champion Jack Dupree


Preslava

Preslava Koleva Ivanova ()  (born Petya Koleva Ivanova) () on June 26, 1984), better known by her stage name Preslava, is a Bulgarian singer. She was born in Dobrich, Bulgaria. She is considered one of the key names in the Bulgarian modern music, and won more than 30 awards since her debut in 2004.

Life and career

Early life (1984–2003)
Petya Koleva Ivanova was born on June 26, 1984 in Dobrich, Bulgaria . Her mother, Yanka Toncheva was a seamstress. Her father, Kolyo Tonchev was a worldwide race car driver. Ivanova has an older sister named Ivelina who is a folk singer.  She sang her first song when she was 7 years old. Despite her parents disapproval, she started singing in nightclubs at age of 15.  She completed her musical education with the specialty ‘folk singing’ with Gadulka speciality.

Career beings and Preslava (2003–2004)
During the summer of 2003 a prominent singer from the music company Payner, Milko Kalaidjiev asked her to perform with his group for a few events. Impressed by her excessive talent, he helped her to become a part of the company. In the beginning of 2003 she released her first song, "Nezhen reket" which was a duet with Milko Kalaidjiev. In 2004, she picked a stage name –  Preslava and changed her creative direction. Instead of typical pop folk, her later songs such as "Duma za vyarnost", "Tazi nosht bezumna" and "Mili moy" were more modern sounding. They were part of her debut album, Preslava, released in December. It featured 16 songs in total. The record was received very well. It won the "Album of the Year" award in Nov Folk Magazine'''s Annual Awards of 2004. In the same ceremony, Preslava won the "Founding and Debut of the year" award. In the Annual Music Awards of Planeta TV of 2004, she won awards for "Debut of the year" and "Most prosperous performer of the year". She built the Zetiova cheshma in Mramor in 2003.

Dyavolsko Zhelanie and Intriga (2005–2006)
In the span of April to June 2005, two new singles, "Dyavolsko zhelanie" and "Zavinagi tvoya" were released. Both of them were very positively received, especially  "Dyavolsko zhelanie" which won the "Hit of the Year" award in Planeta TV's Annual Music Awards of 2005. Preslava was among the artists of Planeta TV's Summer Tour for first time in her career. In November she released her second album, Dyavolsko zhelanie. A new single with a music video, "Finalni dumi" was dropped within the same month.  In Nov Folk's Annual Awards of 2005 Preslava won the "Most Prosperous Performer" award. In April 2006 a new single, "I kogato samne" was released. It won song of the year award in the Annual Music Awards of Planeta TV of 2006 and Nov Folk Magazine's Annual Awards of 2006. Preslava was again part of the Planeta TV's Summer Tour. Within the end of year two new singles, "Zaklevam te" and "Lazha e" were released, alongside her third studio album Intriga. "Lazha e" was the first rock song she ever recorded.

 Personal life
Since late 2017, she has been in a relationship with the Bulgarian businessman Pavel Lazarov. On September 14, 2018 she gave birth to a baby girl, Paola.

 Discography Preslava (2004)Dyavolsko Zhelanie (Дяволско желание) (2005)Intriga (Интрига) (2006)Ne Sam Angel (Не съм ангел) (2007)Pazi Se Ot Priyatelki (Пази се от приятелки) (2009)Kak Ti Stoi (Как ти стои) (2011)Da gori v lyubov'' (Да гори в любов) (2019)

Music videos

Tours
 Planeta Prima 2005 (2005)
 Planeta Prima 2006 (2006)
 Planeta Derby 2007 (2007)
 Planeta Derby Plus 2008 (2008)
 Planeta Derby 2009 (2009)
 Planeta Derby 2010 (2010)
 Preslava USA Tour (2012)
 Planeta Summer 2014 (2014)


Elytroleptus peninsularis

Elytroleptus peninsularis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Hovore in 1988.


Thomas Anson (cricketer)

Thomas Anchitel Anson (14 October 1818 – 3 October 1899) was an English clergyman and cricketer from the Anson family. He played first-class cricket for Cambridge University from 1839 to 1842 and for Marylebone Cricket Club from 1839 to 1845.

Anson was the seventh son of General Sir George Anson and the younger brother of Talavera Vernon Anson. He was educated at Eton and Jesus College, Cambridge where he was a cricketer and rower. He was awarded his cricket 'blue', in 1839 and was described as one of the best amateur wicketkeepers of his day. He also played for teams including Cambridge Town Club, England, Gentlemen, Gentlemen of England, Gentlemen of the South, Oxford and Cambridge Universities and Slow Bowlers. His highest score of 72 not out came when playing for Marylebone Cricket Club in a match against Oxford University in 1841. In the same year Anson rowed for the Cambridge Subscription Rooms crew that won the Grand Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta.

Anson was ordained deacon (London) on 18 December 1842 and priest (Norwich) on 13 August 1843. He was curate of Mistley, Essex, from 1842 to 1843, rector of  Billingford, Norfolk, from 1843 to 1850 and rector of Longford, Derbyshire from 1850 to 1899. He was  rural dean from 1869 to 1899.

Anson died at the Longford rectory aged 80.

Anson married Ann Jane Packe, daughter of Lieutenant Colonel Henry Packe of Twyford Hall, Norfolk, on 5 August 1846.


Rocko

Rocko is the eponymous fictional character of the cartoon Rocko's Modern Life and the comic book series of the same name. Rocko was born in Australia and emigrated to America in High School. He was pitched to Nickelodeon executives as having the personality of a young wallaby Woody Allen. Carlos Alazraqui provided the voice of Rocko in the television series.

Conception and development

Rocko first appeared in a never-released comic, where he has the name "Travis". Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life, believed that the personality of a wallaby suited Rocko after observing a zoo wallaby "minding his own business" while elephants and monkeys "screamed for attention". After the event, Murray said that "[i]t kind of clicked. Rocko would be at the center of the hurricane of everything swirling around him. He'd be like the everyman who's affected by the dramatic personalities around him."

Murray wanted to get his comic into syndication. Afterwards Murray made substantial changes to Rocko. Murray added that the personality of a wallaby mirrored Rocko's humbleness and his tendency to keep his frustrations to himself instead of publicly complaining about them.

In the original pilot for Rocko's Modern Life, the animators colored Rocko yellow. One month before the first episode was submitted to the animation studio in South Korea, Murray changed the color when a toy company wishing to make Rocko plushes refused to license the character after citing that Rocko looked too similar to a yellow character used in one of the company's existing products. Murray fought the changes with the Nickelodeon executives; in the end the executives insisted on changing the color, so Murray changed the color to beige and disliked the choice. On his website Murray said, "He was always yellow to me."  Murray said that the company later backed out of the commitment and did not create the plush series.

Murray auditioned Alazraqui in San Francisco, and chose him as the voice actor for Rocko. Jeff "Swampy" Marsh, a storyboard writer, describes Alazraqui's voice for Rocko as "not really an accurate Australian accent" ; according to Marsh the team used the voice as Alazraqui used the voice for the pilot.

Murray said that as the series progressed, he adjusted Rocko's design from episode to episode to be more "volume friendly" and "animator friendly". According to Murray, when he created independent films and the Rocko's Modern Life pilot, he created all of the character layouts in his mind and other animators used the layouts to create works. Murray said that when Rocko became "high volume", Murray taught Americans and Koreans how to draw the characters. Murray described Rocko as the most difficult character to draw, and he said that therefore he decided to adjust his character design in order to assist the overseas animators. Murray said that as he and the directors continued to "quickdraw" the character changes to the design "naturally" lessened the "victim, paranoid" aspect and gave the character a "happy personality."

According to George Maestri, Rocko has no family name because the writers did not think of a family name that they desired. In a concept sketch Murray named the character "Rocko Rama". The writers considered the family name "Stretchbrain" because the character's brain popped out of his head during "odd moments."  The writers scrapped the idea, leaving the character with one given name. Some websites, including Hot Topic, give him the family name "Wallabee" and the middle name "James". In "Dental Hyjinks," the first story of the Marvel Comics Rocko's Modern Life series Issue #1 , the nurse addresses Rocko as "Mr. Rocko." In "Intestinal Turmoil," the first story of Issue #2, the doctor addresses Rocko as "Mr. Rocko" and Rocko answers the telephone with the words "Rocko residence."

Change in model sheets
Rocko's design changed as his character evolved. The first version of the character was Travis. Murray said "I liked him, but changed him considerably for Rocko." Murray said that the version placed in the Rocko's Modern Life proposal was "much looser, and closer to my independent film style." Murray did not consider how the character would be animated, as Murray did not believe that the character would be animated. When the pilot for Rocko's Modern Life was approved, Murray began streamlining the character so that others could easily draw him. Murray said that one could perceive a difference between the character as he appears in the original model sheet used in the original animation versus the character as he appears in the animation produced abroad. Murray continued to streamline Rocko so that overseas studios could easily draw him. Murray and the directors had become so accustomed to quickdrawing Rocko that the changes in the character, in his words, "naturally occurred, lending more to the happy personality Rocko had developed into ( less the victim, paranoid one from the beginning)."

Character
Rocko lives in O-Town. Raised in Australia, Rocko later emigrated to the United States after he graduated high school. Murray suggests that Rocko's interest in the United States began with a vacation with his family as a youth; during the trip he met his future sidekick Filburt. Murray allowed for directors to create inconsistencies, reflecting how friends possess different and varied, nostalgic memories of the past. For instance, in the episode "Put to Pasture" the writers portray Rocko, Filburt, and Heffer Wolfe as students at O-Town High School. Murray received many pieces of mail regarding the storyline inconsistencies.

Rocko wears a blue shirt with purple triangles and orange shoes. He is known for being a loyal friend, not venturing outside his comfort zone, and is known to say when a situation is not going well: "_____ day is a very dangerous day." (For example, "Garbage day is a very dangerous day.") In "Trash-O-Madness", a family photograph depicts Rocko with a mother, father, and a younger sibling. "Wimp On the Barby" shows Rocko's family again, revealing that his younger sibling is a sister. Murray created a narcoleptic older sister character named Magdalane "Maggie" and an episode, "Wake Up Maggie", about her, but chose to never air the episode and never use the character. Magdalane was created as a mother with two children.

Although personally hygienic, Rocko has an almost pathological tendency to neglect his living space; several episodes, such as "Unbalanced Load", involve Rocko attempting to rectify severe messes or lapses in maintenance.

Rocko enjoys collecting comic books and likes rainbows.

Nickelodeon South East Asia's website describes Rocko as "generally very polite and sometimes shy" and that provocation can lead Rocko to become "determined and forceful." Jean Prescott of The Sun Herald described Rocko as a "pudgy little wallaby star" who tries to "do what's right" and is devoted to his friend Heffer and dog Spunky. Prescott has called the character "lovable."

Common Sense Media reviewer Andrea Graham, whose review is posted on Go.com, describes Rocko as "paranoid and obsessed with cleanliness" and that he initially perceives his neighbors to be "loud and messy." Graham describes Rocko as accepting of his neighbors' faults and seeing the positive qualities within them.

In an early character profile presented to the networks Murray described Rocko as "a young anthropomorphic Woody Allen, who has just moved away from his home into a surrealistic adult world."

Careers
In the television show, in his day-to-day life, Rocko works as a cashier at (and briefly as the boss of) a local comic book shop called Kind of a Lot o' Comics which is owned by Mr. Smitty and sells mostly Really Really Big Man comics. Rocko originally worked at Mega Lot-O Comics, owned by chairman of Conglom-O, Mr. Dupette, Ed Bighead's boss. In the television show, his other jobs include tattoo artist, plumber's assistant, and specialty phone operator (possibly a phone sex operator, as he says "oh baby, oh baby, oh baby", and the sign behind him says "Be Hot, Be NAUGHTY, Be Courteous."), a product tester at Conglom-O, a tow truck man, an underwear model, and a cartoonist for the program Wacky Delly.

In the official comic book, Rocko works as a comic book dealer in Issue #7's "Conned Again", working for "Humongo Con."

Neighbors
Rocko's neighbors are Ed, with whom he has a semi-rivalry, and Bev Bighead. Bev considers Rocko a very sweet neighbor. He and his dog Spunky, who often eats the neighbors' salmon bushes, are a source of constant annoyance to Ed. In the episode Skid Marks, Rocko's drivers license reveals that Rocko and the Bigheads live on "Boogie Blvd," with Rocko's address being 1172 Boogie Blvd.

Friends
Rocko's best friends are Heffer Wolfe, a steer who eats a lot and was adopted and raised by a family of wolves, and Filburt, a bespectacled turtle with neurotic Woody Allen-esque mannerisms, who often feels nauseated.

Love life
In early concept sketches Murray indicated that Rocko bears a strong crush on a character named "Melba Toast". Rocko expresses this trait in Season One, bearing a crush on the unseen character until he discovers that Melba has a serious boyfriend named Dave in "Love Spanked". Melba has only been mentioned once since.

In subsequent episodes, Rocko bears crushes for other characters. In "S.W.A.K.", Rocko has been vying for the attention from the pretty kangaroo mail-lady that comes to his door every day; he writes her a love note that he is too scared to send so Heffer does it for him instead. Rocko fails to retrieve the letter and gets the impression that the mail-lady would rather go out with Heffer. This turns out to be a joke on the mail-lady's part and she actually returns Rocko's feelings. In "Wallaby on Wheels", Rocko learns to roller skate to impress Sheila, a girl who hangs out at the roller rink, and becomes jealous when it is implied she is attracted to Heffer. In the end, he wins her over after saving Heffer's life. In "I See London, I See France", Rocko tries to win over Claudette, who turned out to be his female wallaby pen pal from Paris, but she is more interested in Heffer.

Video game appearances
Rocko is the main playable character of Rocko's Modern Life: Spunky's Dangerous Day and also in the console version of Nicktoons: Attack of the Toybots, an actor in Microsoft's Nickelodeon 3D Movie Maker, and can be drawn in Drawn to Life and Drawn to Life: SpongeBob SquarePants Edition. Rocko and Heffer make a cameo appearance on one of the loading screens in Nicktoons MLB. Rocko and Heffer are playable characters in the Nickelodeon game Super Brawl Universe.


Myachkovo, Vladimir Oblast

Myachkovo () is a rural locality (a selo) in Alexandrovsky District, Vladimir Oblast, Russia. The population was 58 as of 2010.


Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery

The Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery is a peer-reviewed open access medical journal published by  Medknow Publications on behalf of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India. It covers research on all aspects of aesthetic plastic surgery.

Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in EBSCO Databases, Expanded Academic ASAP, ProQuest, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Scopus.

External links


Scott McGregor (basketball)

Scott McGregor (born 5 February 1976) is an Australian former professional basketball player.

Born in Newcastle, New South Wales, McGregor attended the Australian Institute of Sport from 1994 to 1995.

He began his NBL career with the Newcastle Falcons, where he won the NBL Rookie of the Year award.  In 1997, McGregor played in the Australian Under 22's team that won a gold medal in the FIBA World Championships in Melbourne.  McGregor was one of many future NBL stars, including Chris Anstey, Sam Mackinnon and Frank Drmic, to suit up in the team.  After the 1997 NBL season, McGregor moved to the Sydney Kings where he would play until 2000, making the switch to Sydney's cross-town rivals. On 5 April 2007, McGregor left the struggling Razorbacks to become the first player signed by the Gold Coast Blaze.

Since leaving the NBL in 2009, he has played in the Waratah League and the Queensland Basketball League.

He enjoys a large fan base with Mitch, Peter, Ollie and Blair his biggest fans from the Gold Coast. Peter actually got Scotty Mac tattooed on his right bicep.


Our Man in Tehran

Our Man in Tehran is a 2013 Canadian documentary film, profiling the role of Kenneth D. Taylor, Canada's ambassador to Iran in the 1970s, in helping six American hostages escape from Iran during the Iran hostage crisis of 1979-1980 by engineering the Canadian Caper.

The film premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, but was distributed to general audiences as a television film on The Movie Network. It was released in the United States in May 15, 2015.

Several other political, journalism and diplomatic personalities involved in the events also appear in the film, including Joe Clark, Flora MacDonald, Robert Anders, William Daugherty, Carole Jerome, Tony Mendez, Joe Schlesinger, Zena Sheardown and Gary Sick.

The film won five Canadian Screen Awards at the 3rd Canadian Screen Awards in 2015, winning Best Documentary Program, Best Direction in a Documentary or Factual Series (Drew Taylor, Larry Weinstein), Best Photography in a Documentary Program or Factual Series (John Minh Tran), Best Picture Editing in a Documentary Program or Factual Series (Steve Weslak) and Best Sound in a Documentary, Factual or Lifestyle Program or Series (Martin Lee, David McCallum, Sanjay Mehta, Brennan Mercer, Jane Tattersall).

The film was adapted in part from cowriter Robert Wright's 2010 book Our Man in Tehran.


Chiral algebra

In mathematics, a chiral algebra is an algebraic structure introduced by  as a rigorous version of the rather vague concept of a chiral algebra in physics.


Irvin Gernon

Frederick Anthony John Gernon (born 30 December 1962), commonly known as Irvin Gernon, is an English former football defender who played in the Football League for Ipswich Town, Gillingham, Reading and Northampton Town. He represented England at schoolboy, youth and under-21 levels.


Gogosan

Gogosan is a mountain in Gangwon-do, South Korea. Its area extends across the counties of Yeongwol and Jeongseon. Gogosan has an elevation of .


Jewett, Illinois

Jewett is a village in Cumberland County, Illinois, United States. The population was 223 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Charleston–Mattoon Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Jewett is located in south-central Cumberland County at  (39.208458, -88.245157), along the route of the former National Road. U.S. Route 40 now runs through the northern part of the village, leading northeast  to Greenup and southwest  to Montrose. Interstate 70 passes to the north of the village, with access at Greenup and Montrose.

According to the 2010 census, Jewett has a total area of , all land.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 232 people, 83 households, and 58 families residing in the village.  The population density was 230.7 people per square mile (88.7/km²).  There were 96 housing units at an average density of 95.5 per square mile (36.7/km²).  The racial makeup of the village was 100.00% White.

There were 83 households out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.0% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.36.

In the village, the population was spread out with 30.2% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.8% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.2 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $30,313, and the median income for a family was $42,083. Males had a median income of $24,375 versus $23,125 for females. The per capita income for the village was $16,628.  About 15.7% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 23.3% of those sixty five or over.


Kanarin Thawornsak

Kanarin Thawornsak (, born May 27, 1997), is a Thai professional footballer who plays as a defensive midfielder for Thai League 1 club Port.

International career
In 2020, He played the 2020 AFC U-23 Championship with Thailand U23.

External links


Fritz Ostermueller

Frederick Raymond "Fritz" Ostermueller (September 15, 1907 – December 17, 1957) was a pitcher in major league baseball from 1934 to 1948 for the Boston Red Sox, St. Louis Browns, Brooklyn Dodgers, and Pittsburgh Pirates. While with Pittsburgh, he coined the famous quote frequently misattributed to teammate Ralph Kiner: "Home run hitters drive Cadillacs; singles hitters drive Fords."

Career

Ostermueller made his major league debut on April 21, 1934 with the Boston Red Sox, pitching seven seasons for them, chiefly as a starter. On December 3, 1940, he was sold to the St. Louis Browns, along with Denny Galehouse.

In popular culture
Ostermueller was portrayed in the film 42 by Linc Hand. In the film, Ostermueller hits Jackie Robinson with a high pitch, but in a subsequent game Robinson hits a game winning home run off him.

In reality Ostermueller's first inning pitch hit Robinson on the left wrist, not his head, and he claimed it was a routine brushback pitch without racist intent. There was no fight on the mound afterwards. The climactic scene in which Robinson hit a home run to clinch the National League pennant for the Dodgers came in the top of the fourth inning of the game, did not clinch the victory (it made the score 2–0, and the Dodgers eventually won 4–2), and did not clinch the pennant; the Dodgers clinched at least a tie for the pennant on that day before clinching the pennant the next day. Also notable is that Ostermueller was portrayed as being right-handed.

Later life and death
Ostermueller built and became the owner-operator of the Diamond Motel in Quincy, Illinois. He died in December 1957, aged 50, of colon cancer.


Brochuchus

Brochuchus is an extinct genus of crocodile known from the Miocene Hiwegi Formation of Rusinga Island in Lake Victoria, Kenya. It contains a single species, Brochuchus pigotti. Brochuchus belongs to the subfamily Crocodylinae, which includes all living crocodiles. The closest living relative of Brochuchus is Osteolaemus, the dwarf crocodile. Compared to Osteolaemus, which has a small body and blunt snout, Brochuchus has a more generalized crocodylid anatomy. Brochuchus is characterized by a flat and relatively narrow skull, and although it is larger than Osteolaemus it is smaller than most other crocodylids. It has two prominent bumps on the surface of its snout.

The genus was named in honor of Christopher A. Brochu, for his scientific work on Crocodylia and its relatives. The unusual combination and spelling are intended as an auditory and visual pun such that the ‘ch’ sound in Brochu takes the place of the ‘s’ sound in ‘suchus.’ combined with ‘souchus’ (Greek for crocodile), which is a common suffix for crocodylomorph genera.

Phylogeny
A phylogenetic analysis published in 2013 found that Brochuchus was a close relative of Osteolaemus. Brochuchus and Osteolaemus are part of a clade within Crocodylidae informally called "osteolaemins". They are closely related to the genus Crocodylus, which includes most living crocodiles. Osteolaemins are among the most diverse groups within Crocodylidae, including the small-bodied and short-snouted Osteolaemus, the generalized and longer-snouted Brochuchus, the moderate-sized and horned Voay, and the very large-bodied Rimasuchus. Within osteolaemins, Brochuchus is most closely related to KNM-LT 24081, an unnamed species from Lothagam in Tanzania, and to Rimasuchus. Until recently another crocodylid from the Miocene and Pliocene of Africa called Euthecodon was thought to be closely related to Osteolaemus, Voay, and Rimasuchus, and together they were grouped in a clade called Osteolaeminae. Recent phylogenetic analyses, including the 2013 analysis with Brochuchus, place Euthecodon as a closer relative of the living Mecistops or slender-snouted crocodile. Together these two genera belong to a clade informally called "mecistopins" and are more closely related to the Crocodylus clade than are osteolaemins.

Paleobiology
Brochuchus has a generalized crocodylid body form with a long, narrow snout and a robust skeleton. Like most other species within Crocodylidae, Brochuchus was probably predatory and likely spent much of its time in water. As shown by the many mammal fossils that have been found on Rusinga Island, Brochuchus lived alongside several species of proboscideans (elephant relatives) and primates, the most famous of which is the early ape Proconsul. Although there is no direct evidence for what Brochuchus ate, it may have preyed on Proconsul. If this is the case, Brochuchus may have been one of the earliest anthropoidophagous ("ape-eating") crocodilians.


Glionnetia

Glionnetia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus contains only one species, viz. Glionnetia sericea, which is endemic to Mahé and Silhouette Island in the Seychelles. The species thrives mainly on high ridges in the mountains and it does not seem to grow well at lower altitudes. Glionnetia  sericea is a small flower with paniculate terminal inflorescences and it has capsules that are dispersed by wind.


509th Operations Group

The 509th Operations Group (509 OG) is the flying component of the United States Air Force 509th Bomb Wing (509 BW), assigned to Whiteman Air Force Base, Missouri. It is equipped with all 20 of the USAF's B-2 Spirit stealth bombers. Its 13 BS also uses T-38 Talon trainers.

The 509 OG traces its history to the World War II 509th Composite Group (509 CG), which conducted the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, in August 1945.

Redesignated the 509th Bombardment Group, Very Heavy in 1946, the group was one of the original ten bombardment groups of Strategic Air Command. The unit was also the host organization at Roswell Army Airfield, New Mexico in July 1947 during the alleged Roswell UFO Incident.

The 509th Bombardment Group was inactivated in 1952. In 1993, the unit was reactivated as the 509 OG, as part of the Objective Wing organization implementation of the 509th Bomb Wing.

Units
The 509th OG consists of three component squadrons:
13th Bomb Squadron
Originally activated as the 325th Bomb Squadron on 6 January 1998. Re-designated the 13th BS ("Grim Reapers") on 23 September 2005, when that unit, flying B-1 Lancers as part of the 7th Operations Group, was inactivated.  As the Formal Training Unit, the 13th BS provides Initial Qualification, Requalification, and Flight Instructor Candidate B-2 Training.  Additionally, it manages the T-38 Companion Trainer Program and three Weapons Systems Trainers (flight simulators).
393d Bomb Squadron
The 393rd BS ("Tigers"), a traditional squadron of the 509th, was activated as a B-2 squadron on 27 August 1993.  It is the USAF's only operational bomb squadron.
509th Operations Support Squadron
A non-flying squadron, the 509th OSS ("Hawks") controls all airfield activities at Whiteman.

Unofficial insignia

In addition to its official insignia, during B-2 stealth bomber test flights, some members of the 509th Bomb Wing procured an unofficial insignia involving an alien, the legend To Serve Man (referring to a famous Twilight Zone episode), and the inscription Gustatus Similis Pullus (Dog Latin for "Tastes like chicken").

A second variation carried the term "Classified Test Flight" instead of the Twilight Zone reference, and both harkened to the 509th's connection to the "Roswell UFO incident".

History
The historical roots of the 509th OG begin on 17 December 1944 when the 509th Composite Group was formed at Wendover Field, Utah under Second Air Force. The 509th was formed with one mission in mind: to drop the Atomic Bomb.

The group deployed to the Western Pacific in May 1945 and was assigned to the Twentieth Air Force 313th Bombardment Wing, stationed at North Field, Tinian, in the Mariana Islands. Operations of the group, however, were controlled by Headquarters, USAAF with the 313th Bomb Wing providing logistical support.

The 509th CG made history on 6 August 1945, when the B-29 Superfortress "Enola Gay," piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. The B-29 "Bockscar," piloted by Major Charles Sweeney visited the Japanese mainland on 9 August 1945 and dropped the second atomic bomb on Nagasaki.

Cold War

In November 1945, the group returned to the United States and was assigned to Roswell Army Air Base, New Mexico. For a brief period of time from January to March 1946 the 509th was assigned to the 58th Bomb Wing at Fort Worth AAF, Texas, before returning to Roswell. The Group was assigned to Strategic Air Command on 21 March 1946, being one of the first eleven organizations assigned to SAC. At the time SAC was formed, the 509th Composite Group was the only unit to have experience with nuclear weapons and thus is regarded by many historians as the foundation on which SAC was built. In April 1946 many of the group's aircraft deployed to Kwajalein as part of Operation Crossroads, a series of atomic bomb tests. The remainder became the core of two new squadrons activated as part of the group, the 715th Bomb Squadron and the 830th Bomb Squadron.

On 10 July 1946, the group was renamed the 509th Bombardment Group (Very Heavy) and the 320th TCS was disbanded. With the creation of the United States Air Force as a separate service, the group became the combat component of the 509th Bomb Wing on 17 November 1947, although it was not operational until 14 September 1948, when Col. John D. Ryan was named commander. As a result of postwar reductions only the 509th was equipped for the delivery of atomic bombs.

The group was redesignated as a medium bomb group in 1948 as part of the Strategic Air Command, and acquired an aerial refueling mission with the assignment of KB-29s. Its 27 operational Silverplate B-29s (the 309th had ultimately received 53 of the 65 produced) were transferred in 1949 to the 97th Bomb Wing at Biggs Air Force Base, El Paso, Texas, when the group converted to B-50D Superfortresses. The B-50D was the last derivative of the B-29 family and designed specifically for the atomic bombing mission. It was one of the last piston-engined bombers built, having a top speed just short of 400 mph (644 km/h), faster than many World War II-era piston-engined fighters still in service at the time.

During the Korean War, the 509th remained in the United States as President Harry S. Truman wasn't willing to risk extensive use of the USAF strategic bomber force, which was being used as a deterrent for possible Soviet aggression in Europe.

Its squadrons were removed on 1 February 1951, and assigned directly to the wing, effectively ending its operations. The 509th was inactivated on 16 June 1952 as part of a SAC (and later Air Force-wide) phase-out of groups with the adoption of the Tri-Deputate organization.

The 509th Bomb Wing moved its people and equipment to Pease AFB in August 1958. There, the wing continued to function as an integral part of SAC. By 1965, its B-47s for were scheduled for retirement. Unfortunately, this retirement also included the 509th. Fate intervened, however, as SAC decided to keep the 509th alive and equipped it with B-52s and KC-135s. Thus, the wing received its first B-52 and KC-135 in March 1966.  The wing's association with the B-52 included two major deployments to Andersen AFB, Guam, as part of the now famous Vietnam War Arc Light missions. In April 1968 and again in April 1969, the wing began six-month ventures in the Western Pacific. During the last deployment, SAC informed the 509th that the wing would swap its B-52s for FB-111As. Accordingly, the wing began receiving the formidable fighter-bomber in December 1970.  Over the next two decades, little changed for the 509th BW as it became SAC's fighter-bomber experts. However, a decision by the Department of Defense in 1988 to close Pease created major changes for the famous 509th.  Headquarters SAC decreed that the 509th would not inactivate but transfer to Whiteman AFB to become the first B-2 Stealth bomber unit. As such, the wing moved to Whiteman on 30 September 1990, without people and equipment.

Modern era
The 509th Bomb Group was redesignated as the 509th Operations Group and activated on 12 March 1993 as part of the 509th Bomb Wing's reorganization under the USAF Objective Wing plan. All flying squadrons, as well as an Operational Support Squadron (OSS) were assigned to the 509th OG. The first B-2 Spirit stealth bomber arrived and was assigned to the 509th on 17 December 1993 (the date was the 49th anniversary of the activation of the 509th Composite Group and the 90th of the Wright brothers' flight).

On 17 September 1996, three 509th B-2s dropped three inert GBU-36 weapons, the highly accurate Global Positioning System-Aided Munitions (GAM) which used the GPS-Aided Targeting System (GATS). The B-2s made the drops at the Nellis AFB, Nevada, bombing range. Range officials, inspecting the area after the releases, were astonished to find that the GBU-36s had fallen seven, four, and four feet, respectively, from the target. A month later, the 509th repeated this impressive feat—only this time, they used live weapons. On 8 October 1996, three B-2s revisited the Nellis range and released 16 2,000 lb. class GBU-36 bombs from an altitude of 40,000 feet. Again, amazed range personnel discovered all sixteen projectiles hit close enough to their targets to be confirmed as 16 kills. The results so impressed USAF Chief of Staff General Ronald Fogleman that he announced at a mid-December press conference the 509th and the B-2 would reach limited (conventional) operational capability on 1 January 1997.

Operation Allied Force
The B-2 first saw combat 23 March 1999, during NATO operations in Serbia and Kosovo, the first sustained offensive combat air offensive conducted solely from U.S. soil. Over a period of two months, the 509th generated 49 B-2 sorties flown roundtrip from Missouri to targets in Southeastern Europe.

Although the B-2s accounted for only 1 percent of all NATO sorties, the aircraft's all-weather, precision capability allowed it to deliver 11 percent of the munitions used in the air campaign. The missions lasted an average of 29 hours, demonstrating the global reach of the B-2.

On the night of 7–8 May 1999, during the Kosovo War B-2s flying out of Whiteman attacked the Belgrade embassy of the People's Republic of China, killing three and causing heavy damage. Although a strike was authorized against a target called 'Belgrade Warehouse 1', the CIA-provided coordinates pinpointed the embassy's location. Neither the aircrew nor the US Air Force were found to have any responsibility for the affair.

Operation Enduring Freedom
Following the terrorist attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. on 11 September 2001, the 509th quickly transitioned to a wartime mode by joining forces with the 314th Airlift Wing, Little Rock AFB, Arkansas, and the Missouri Air National Guard's 139th Airlift Wing, St. Joseph, Missouri, to send Missouri Task Force-1 to assist rescue efforts at the World Trade Center.

In October 2001, the B-2 led America's strike force in Afghanistan, hitting the first targets in the country to "kick down the door" for the air campaign which followed. The bombers again flew from Missouri to their targets before landing at Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean to exchange crews while the engines continued to run. The combat missions lasted more than 40 hours, with the aircraft operating continuously for more than 70 hours without incident before returning to Whiteman.

After twice proving its ability to fly combat missions from Missouri, the wing stepped up efforts to deploy the B-2 from forward locations. By late 2002, the Air Force had completed special shelters for the aircraft at Diego Garcia. The shelters provided a controlled climate similar to the facilities at Whiteman for specialized work on the aircraft skin in order to maintain its stealth characteristics. This ability to sustain operations from a forward location added a new dimension of flexibility to potential air campaigns.

Operation Iraqi Freedom
The new shelters were put to use when the B-2 bombers again led a coalition air strike against the Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein, on 21 March 2003. The famous "shock and awe" campaign saw unprecedented use of precision-guided munitions by the B-2 in an effort to minimize collateral damage and destroy key targets. The campaign also marked another milestone for the 509th, as B-2s flew combat missions from both Whiteman and a forward deployed location simultaneously.

Only a decade after delivery, the B-2 was now a proven weapons system, a veteran of three campaigns and first-ever forward deployment. In recognition of the maturity of the system and the unit, the Air Force declared the B-2 fully operational capable.

Since 2003, the B-2's forward presence has become a reality and proved the aircraft can deliver combat airpower, any time and any place. The deployment to Guam, which began in February 2005, provided a continuous bomber presence in the Asia Pacific region and augmented Pacific Command's establishment of a deterrent force. The 80-day tour, the longest in the bomber's 13-year history, also marked the first B-2 deployment since the aircraft was declared fully operational.

Lineage

 Established as 509 Composite Group on 9 December 1944
 Activated on 17 December 1944
 Redesignated: 509 Bombardment Group, Very Heavy, on 10 July 1946
 Redesignated: 509 Bombardment Group, Medium, on 2 July 1948
 Inactivated on 16 June 1952
 Redesignated 509 Operations Group on 12 March 1993
 Activated on 15 July 1993

Assignments
 Second Air Force, 17 December 1944
 315th Bombardment Wing, 18 December 1944
 313th Bombardment Wing, c. June 1945
 Second Air Force, 10 October 1945
 58th Bombardment Wing, 17 January 1946
 Fifteenth Air Force, 31 March 1946
 Eighth Air Force, 1 November 1946
 509th Bombardment Wing, 17 November 1947 – 16 June 1952
 509th Bomb Wing, 15 July 1993–present

Components
 13th Bomb Squadron: 9 September 2005–present
 320th Troop Carrier Squadron: 17 December 1944 – 19 August 1946
 325th Bomb (later, 325th Weapons) Squadron: 6 January 1998 – 9 September 2005
 393d Bombardment (later 393 Bomb) Squadron: 17 December 1944 – 16 June 1952 (detached 17 November 1947 – 14 September 1948 and 1 February 1951 – 16 June 1952); 27 August 1993–present
 394th Bombardment (later, 394 Combat Training) Squadron: 6 November 1996 – c. 13 April 2018
 509th Air Refueling Squadron: 19 July 1948 – 16 June 1952 (detached 19 July – 14 September 1948 and 1 February 1951 – 16 June 1952)
 715th Bombardment Squadron: 6 May 1946 – 16 June 1952 (detached 17 November 1947 – 14 September 1948 and 1 February 1951 – 16 June 1952)
 830th Bombardment Squadron: 6 May 1946 – 16 June 1952 (detached 17 November 1947 – 14 September 1948 and 1 February 1951 – 16 June 1952)

Stations
 Wendover Field, Utah, 17 December 1944 – 26 April 1945
 North Field, Tinian, Mariana Islands, 29 May – 17 October 1945
 Roswell AAFld (later, Walker AFB), New Mexico, 6 November 1945 – 16 June 1952
 Whiteman AFB, Missouri, 15 July 1993–present

Aircraft

 B-29 Superfortress, 1944–1950
 C-47 Skytrain, 1944–1945
 C-54 Skymaster, 1945–1946
 KB-29 Superfortress (Tanker), 1948–1952

 B-50 Superfortress, 1949–1952
 B-2 Spirit, 1993–present
 T-38 Talon, 1993–present


The Lies Within

The Lies Within () is a 2019 South Korean television series starring Lee Yoo-young and Lee Min-ki. Developed and produced by Studio Dragon for OCN based on a novel by Joo Won-gyu, it aired from October 12 to December 1, 2019.

Synopsis
The story of a woman who joins the National Assembly and teams up with a detective to save her husband after he abruptly disappears following the sudden death of her father.

Cast

Main
 Lee Min-ki as Jo Tae-sik
 A once enthusiastic detective who now lives a completely different life and has requested appointment at a rural police station.
 Lee Yoo-young as Kim Seo-hui
 The youngest daughter of an assemblyman who appears sophisticated, but is a disappointment at home due to her family's high standards set by her older sister.

Supporting
 Lee Joon-hyuk as Jung Sang-hoon
 Seo-hee's husband, disappeared mysteriously after her father's death.
 On Joo-wan as Jin Young-min
 The general manager of JQ Industries.
 Lee Jun-hyeok as Yoo Dae-yong
 Head of the metropolitan investigation team.
 Kim Si-eun as Kang Jin-kyung
 A former member of the national track team.
   as Jeon Ho-gyu
 An intelligent policeman who used to work at a major company.
 Kim Jong-soo
 Yoon Bok-in
 Seo Hyun-woo
 Song Young-chang
 Jo Ryun
 Kim Hak-sun
 Hong In

Production
The first script reading was held in June 2019 in Sangam-dong, Seoul.

Ratings
 In this table,  represent the lowest ratings and  represent the highest ratings.
 N/A denotes that the rating is not known.

Notes


Banff Mountain Book Festival

The Banff Mountain Book Festival is an annual book festival held at the Banff Centre in Banff, Canada.

The following prizes are awarded:

Grand Prize
 1994 Chris Bonington and Audrey Saukeld (editors), Heroic Climbs
 1995 Thomas Wharton, Icefields
 1996 Stephen Venables, Himalaya Alpine-Style: The Most Challenging Routes on the Highest Peaks
 1997 Stefano Ardito, Mont Blanc: Discovery and Conquest of the Giant of the Alps
 1998 Audrey Salkeld, World Mountaineering: The World's Great Mountains
 1999 Paul Pritchard, The Totem Pole
 2000 Bradford Washburn, Bradford Washburn: Mountain Photography
 2001 Roger Hubank, Hazard's Way
 2002 W. H. Murray, The Evidence of Things Not Seen: A Mountaineer's Tale
 2003 David Roberts, Escape from Lucania: An Epic Story of Survival
 2004 Chris Duff, Southern Exposure: A Solo Sea Kayaking Journey Around New Zealand's South Island
 2005 Karsten Heuer, Being Caribou: Five Months on Foot with a Caribou Herd
 2006 Jeff Long, The Wall
 2007 James M. Tabor, Forever on the Mountain: The Truth Behind One of Mountaineering's Most Controversial and Mysterious Disasters
 2008 Sid Marty, The Black Grizzly of Whiskey Creek
 2009 Jerry Moffatt, Jerry Moffatt: Revelations
 2010 John Long, The Stonemasters : California Rock Climbers in the Seventies
 2011 Bernadette McDonald, Freedom Climbers
 2012 Philip Connors, Fire Season: Field Notes From a Wilderness Lookout
 2013 Tim Cope, On the Trail of Genghis Khan: An Epic Journey Through the Land of the Nomads
 2014 John Porter, One Day as a Tiger: Alex Macintyre and the Birth of Light and Fast Alpinism
 2015 Richard Wagamese, Medicine Walk
 2016 Jean McNeil, Ice Diaries: An Antarctic Memoir
 2017 Jim Herrington, The Climbers

Other categories

Best Book — Mountain Literature
Best Book — Mountain Image
Best Book — Adventure Travel
Best Book — Mountaineering History
Special Jury Mention
Canadian Rockies Award


2006 Men's Hockey World Cup squads

This article lists the confirmed squads lists for 2006 Men's Hockey World Cup between September 6 to September 17, 2006.

Pool A

Argentina
Head coach: Sergio Vigil

Australia
Head coach: Barry Dancer

Japan
Head coach: Akira Takahashi

New Zealand
Head coach: Kevin Towns

Pakistan
Head coach: Nasir Ali

Spain
Head coach: Maurits Hendriks

Pool B

England
Head coach: Jason Lee

Germany
Head coach: Bernhard Peters

India
Head coach: Vasudevan Baskaran

Korea
Head coach: Cho Sang-Jun

Netherlands
Head coach: Roelant Oltmans

South Africa

External links
Official squad lists

squads


Antaeotricha praerupta

Antaeotricha praerupta is a moth in the family Depressariidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1915. It is found in Guyana.

The wingspan is about 20 mm. The forewings are white with a basal patch of fuscous suffusion, its edge straight, running from one-fourth of the costa to one-fourth of the dorsum, marked on the costa with three suffused dark fuscous marks, and on the posterior edge with discal and dorsal dark fuscous dots, the latter followed by a ferruginous tuft. The dorsal two-thirds between this and the postmedian fascia is mostly suffused with pale brownish and there is a small blackish dot in the disc beneath the middle. A strong oblique blackish mark is found on the upper angle of the cell and a rather oblique somewhat curved fascia composed of two irregular lines of dark fuscous irroration suffused together with brownish crosses the wing behind this. There is also a brownish terminal fascia irrorated with dark fuscous, widest at the apex, narrowed to the tornus. The hindwings are pale greyish-ochreous, the posterior half suffused with grey and the costal margin expanded to beyond the middle, with long rough projecting hairscales suffused with grey beneath, and a long ochreous-whitish subcostal hairpencil lying beneath the forewings.


Paul Ayotte

D. Paul Ayotte is a municipal politician in the Canadian province of Ontario. Formerly a city councillor, he was the mayor of Peterborough from 2006 to 2010.

Early life and private career

Ayotte was born and raised in Peterborough, where members of his family have lived since 1835. He has a certificate in public administration and was a technical writer for General Electric before retiring in 2002. He is a member of the American Institute of Parliamentarians and is known for being very knowledgeable on parliamentary procedure.

Ayotte was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in the 1981. In a 2003 interview, he said that the disease had been in remission for years.

Councillor

Ayotte first ran for the Peterborough city council in 1978, saying he did not want the only two other candidates in Ashburnham Ward to win without opposition. He finished at the head of the polls and was returned in every subsequent election until 1985. After a two-year break, he returned to council in 1987 and served until his first mayoral run in 2003. He was chair of the city's finance committee for sixteen years, chair of the planning committee for nine years, and deputy mayor for fifteen years. An editorial in the Peterborough Examiner describes him as having focused his attention on city-wide issues, rather than acting as a "parochial ward councillor."

In 2003, he voted against a motion that advised the government of Canada to remain out of the American invasion of Iraq. He was quoted as saying, "I don't think I'm elected to advise the federal government on foreign policy."

Mayor

Ayotte first ran for mayor of Peterborough in the 2003 municipal election. He supported a controversial parkway extension from Clonsilla Avenue to Cumberland Avenue, an area that covered municipal green space. He also called for increased public transportation and greater private sector involvement in affordable housing. Fifty-nine years old at the time, he finished third against incumbent mayor Sylvia Sutherland. After the election, he wrote a series of columns on municipal politics for Peterborough This Week. When flood waters damaged more than three thousand homes in mid-2004, he was appointed to chair the Peterborough Area Flood Relief Committee.

Ayotte was elected mayor on his second attempt in 2006, after Sutherland announced her retirement. As mayor, he has established an Action Committee on Poverty that identified six priority areas for investment, including a day warming room, shelter services for adult women, and reduced transportation fare for people receiving Ontario Works benefits. He also recommended several procedural changes for council meetings in 2008.

Peterborough This Week rated him as the best member of city council in its 2007 annual report card, notwithstanding what it described as his "low-key, cut-and-dry  manner." His 2008 rating was somewhat lower, as the journal noted that some of his key proposals on poverty and procedural reform had not yet been fulfilled. In 2009, Ayotte appeared with federal and provincial representatives to announce more than three million dollars for affordable housing.

Ayotte sought re-election in the 2010 municipal election and lost to local businessman Daryl Bennett. He indicated after the election that some of his financial backers from 2006 had shifted to Bennett's campaign.

Electoral record (partial)


Pat Burke (Gaelic footballer)

Pat Burke is a Gaelic footballer for Kilmacud Crokes and ex footballer for Dublin and Clare.


Viktoriya Sazonova

Viktoriya Sazonova (born 30 August 1983) is a Kazakhstani ice hockey player. She competed in the women's tournament at the 2002 Winter Olympics.


Zabrodje meteorite

Zabrodje is an ordinary chondrite that fell through a roof of a house in the village of , Stowbtsy District (then part of the Russian Empire, now Belarus) approximately two hours before dawn on 22 September 1893.

Only one fragment was recovered. Initial studies of the meteorite were conducted by professor Romul Alexandrovitch von Prendel of the Odessa University. He took  for analysis; after his studies he deposited the remaining  at the Odessa University. The main mass of  ended up at the Museum of Antiquities in Vilnius.

The main mass of  is held at the Museum of Geology of Vilnius University. Other fragments are held:  at the Odessa University,  at the Russian Academy of Sciences,  at the Geological Survey of Canada,  at the Natural History Museum in Vienna,  at the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, and Natural History Museum in Berlin,  at the Natural History Museum in London, and others.