Oswestry

Oswestry ( )  is a market town and civil parish in Shropshire, England, close to the Welsh border. It is at the junction of the A5, A483 and A495 roads.

The town was the administrative headquarters of the Borough of Oswestry until that was abolished under local government reorganisation with effect from 1 April 2009. Oswestry is the third-largest town in Shropshire, following Telford and Shrewsbury. The 2011 Census recorded the population of the civil parish as 17,105 (up almost 10% from 15,613 in 2001) and the urban area as 16,660. The town is five miles (8 km) from the Welsh border, and has a mixed English and Welsh heritage. It is the home of the Shropshire libraries' Welsh Collection.

Oswestry is the largest settlement within the Oswestry Uplands, a designated natural area and national character area.

History
There is a castle in Oswestry.

Prehistory
Oswestry's story began with the 3000-year-old settlement of Old Oswestry, one of the most spectacular and best preserved Iron Age hill forts in Britain, with evidence of construction and occupation between 800 BC and AD 43.

The site is also named Caer Ogyrfan or The City of Gogyrfan, the father of Guinevere in legend.

Saxon times
The Battle of Maserfield is thought to have been fought there in 642, between the Anglo-Saxon kings Penda of Mercia and Oswald of Northumbria. Oswald was killed in this battle and was dismembered; according to legend, one of his arms was carried to an ash tree by a raven, and miracles were subsequently attributed to the tree (as Oswald was considered a saint). Thus it is believed that the name of the site is derived from a reference to "Oswald's Tree".

The spring, Oswald's Well, is supposed to have originated where the bird dropped the arm from the tree, though one historian suggested that it was likely to have been a pagan spring, in use long before the Saxon battle. The water from the well was believed to have healing properties, particularly for curing eye trouble. Offa's Dyke runs near the well, to the west.

The Conquest
The Domesday Book (1086) records a castle being built by Rainald, a Norman Sheriff of Shropshire:  () – see Oswestry Castle.

Alan fitz Flaad (died c.1120), a Breton knight, was granted the feudal barony of Oswestry by King Henry I who, soon after his accession, invited Alan to England with other Breton friends, and gave him forfeited lands in Norfolk and Shropshire, including some which had previously belonged to Ernulf de Hesdin (killed at Antioch while on crusade) and Robert of Bellême.

Alan's duties to the Crown included supervision of the Welsh border. He also founded Sporle Priory in Norfolk. He married Ada or Adeline, daughter of Ernulf de Hesdin. Their eldest son William FitzAlan was made High Sheriff of Shropshire by King Stephen in 1137. He married a niece of Robert of Gloucester. Alan's younger son, Walter, travelled to Scotland in the train of King David I, Walter becoming the first hereditary Steward of Scotland and ancestor of the Stewart Royal family.

Border town
The town has some Welsh language street and place names and the town's name in Welsh is , meaning "Oswald's Cross". The town changed hands between the English and the Welsh a number of times during the Middle Ages. In 1972, ITV broadcast a television report asking residents if they thought the town should be English or Welsh, with mixed responses.

In 1149 the castle was captured by Madog ap Maredudd during 'The Anarchy', and it remained in Welsh hands until 1157. Occasionally in the 13th century it is referred to in official records as Blancmuster (1233) or Blancmostre (1272), meaning "White Minster". Later, Oswestry was attacked by the forces of Welsh rebel leader Owain Glyndŵr during the early years of his rebellion against the English King Henry IV in 1400; it became known as Pentrepoeth or "hot village" as it was burned and nearly totally destroyed by the Welsh. The castle was reduced to a pile of rocks during the English Civil War.

Market town

In 1190 the town was granted the right to hold a market each Wednesday. With the weekly influx of Welsh farmers the townsfolk were often bilingual. The town built walls for protection, but these were torn down in the English Civil War by the Parliamentarians after they took the town from the Royalists after a brief siege on 22 June 1644, leaving only the Newgate Pillar visible today.

After the foot and mouth outbreak in the late 1960s the animal market was moved out of the town centre. In the 1990s, a statue of a shepherd and sheep was installed in the market square as a memorial to the history of the market site.

Military
Park Hall, a mile east of the town, was one of the most impressive Tudor buildings in the country. It was taken over by the Army during World War I in 1915 and used as a training camp and military hospital. On 26 December 1918 it burnt to the ground following an electrical fault. The ruined hall and camp remained derelict between the wars, the camp hospital, however, was still in use; the Baschurch Convalescent and Surgical Home moved there in February 1921 and it became known as the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital.

One of the main uses of the land from the 1920s was for motorcycle racing and it became quite a well-known circuit.

The camp was reactivated in July 1939 for Royal Artillery training and the Plotting Officers' School. Following World War II, Oswestry was a prominent military centre for Canadian troops, then for the British Royal Artillery, and finally a training centre for 15 to 17-year-old Infantry Junior Leaders. The camp closed in 1975. During the 1970s some local licensed wildfowlers discharged their shotguns at some passing ducks and were shot themselves by a young military guard, who had mistaken them for an attacking IRA force.

The area previously occupied by the Park Hall military camp is now mainly residential and agricultural land, with a small number of light industrial units. Park Hall Farm became a visitor attraction in 1998, it is home to the Museum of the Welsh Guards. The Park Hall Football Stadium (home of The New Saints FC) and The Venue (including bowling, gym and restaurant) are also on the site.

Landmarks

Old Oswestry, situated on the northern edge of the town, dominates the northern and eastern approaches. The 3,000-year-old settlement is one of the most spectacular and best preserved Iron Age hill forts in Britain, with evidence of construction and occupation between 800 BC and AD 43.

The site is also named  (), the father of Guinevere in legend.

Other attractions in and around Oswestry include:  Park, Shelf Bank, Wilfred Owen Green, Saint Oswald's Well at Maserfield, Castle Bank, and the Cambrian Railway Museum located near the former railway station.

The town is famous for its high number of public houses per head of population; there are around 30 in the town today, many of which offer real ale.  A story incorporating the names of all of the pubs once open in Oswestry can be found hanging on a wall inside The Oak Inn on Church Street.   There is a tapestry of 40 Oswestry pub signs on display in the town's Guildhall on the Bailey Head. The Stonehouse Brewery was opened in 2007, on the site of the former Weston Wharf railway station at Weston, in nearby Oswestry Rural; Stonehouse Brewery supplies many of the pubs with real ale.

Brogyntyn Hall which belonged until recently to the Lords Harlech lies just outside the town. Upon leaving the Hall, Lord Harlech sold a few acres of field to Oswestry Town Council, for the purpose of conversion into parkland; this land is, today, called 'Brogyntyn Park' and is frequented daily.

Culture
There is a range of arts related activities in the town.

 The Qube
 Oswestry Visitor & Exhibition Centre
 Willow Gallery
 The Oswestry Town Museum
 Cambrian Railways Museum
 Attfield Theatre
 Fusion Arts organises arts and music activities for young people.
 Kinokulture, a cinema
 Hermon Chapel Arts Centre
 Oswestry Choral Society, the Oswestry Recorded Music Society, and the Oswestry Ladies Choir has developed.
 OsRocks Choir
 Wilfred Owen Green
 Borderlines Film Festival
 The Oswestry Food and Drink Festival
 Oswestry Balloon Festival
 The Whittington International Chamber Music Festival

Religion
In the 2011 Census, 68.7% of the population of Shropshire stated that their religion was 'Christian'. The second largest group (22.8%) stated that they had 'no religion'.

There are a number of places of worship in Oswestry. There are two Church of England churches, which are part of the Diocese of Lichfield: St Oswald's Parish Church and the Holy Trinity Parish Church. St Oswald's Church was first mentioned in the 1085 Domesday book and a tithe document in Shrewsbury the same year. St Oswald's Church is Grade II* listed, having a tower dating from late 12th or early 13th century and later additions particularly in the 17th and 19th centuries. There is a new window in the east nave, designed by stained glass artist Jane Grey in 2004.

The town of Oswestry and surrounding villages fall into the parish of Our Lady Help of Christians and St Oswald, in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury. The single Catholic church is Our Lady and St Oswald's Catholic Church. There is an associated primary school.

There are two Methodist churches: the Horeb Church on Victoria Road and the Oswestry Methodist Church. Cornerstone Baptist Church is on the corner of Lower Brook Street and Roft Street in a modern 1970s building. Other Nonconformist churches include the Albert Road Evangelical Church, Hope Church (formerly  Church, ), founded in 1964, and the Cabin Lane Church, established by members of the Hope Church in 1991 following the eastern expansion of Oswestry.

Christ Church, now a United Reformed Church but formerly Congregationalist, was the home church of British composer Walford Davies. There is a Welsh-speaking church, the  Church, and the Holy Anglican Church, a Western Rite Anglican establishment. Coney Green has a Jehovah's Witness Kingdom Hall. The Religious Society of Friends also holds meetings in Oswestry. The Grade II* star Hermon Chapel, by chapel architect Thomas Thomas, was a Welsh-speaking Congregational church and is now an arts and community centre.

A small Muslim community exists in the town. A plan to transform a 19th-century former Presbyterian church on Oswald Road into a permanent base for meetings and prayer services fell through in March 2013 due to the cost. New plans were submitted to Shropshire Council for approval in 2019, to convert the former Salvation Army citadel in King Street into an Islamic Prayer Centre. These plans were eventually approved by Shropshire Council.

Healthcare
The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust in Oswestry provides elective orthopaedic surgery and musculoskeletal medical services. The hospital is located towards Gobowen.

There is a Minor Injuries Unit on Thomas Savin Road, near the bus station.

Education
Oswestry is home to the second oldest 'free' (which in this context means not linked to any ecclesiastical foundation) school in the country, Oswestry School, which was founded in 1407. (The oldest, Winchester College, was founded in 1382.) Oswestry School's 15th century site, adjacent to St Oswald's Parish Church, is now a heritage centre, housing the Tourist Information Centre, Shropshire Poacher Coffee Shop, and exhibitions.

There are several primary schools such as Our Lady and St Oswald's Catholic Primary School and Woodside Primary School, which became an academy on 1 May 2013. Secondary education is covered by two independent schools, Moreton Hall School (for girls) and the aforementioned Oswestry School (co-educational), and a comprehensive secondary school, The Marches School, which is also an academy. Further education is provided by North Shropshire College which is situated in the town at Shrewsbury Road and at the Walford Campus near Baschurch.

Transport

Oswestry is at the junction of the A5 with the A483 and A495. The A5 continues from Shrewsbury to the north, passing the town, before turning west near Chirk and entering Wales.

Bus services are operated by Arriva Midlands and local independents Tanat Valley Coaches, Lakeside Coaches and Owen's Travelmaster. The town has regular bus routes that link nearby villages and towns including Wrexham and Shrewsbury.

Gobowen railway station is 2 miles from the northern edge of Oswestry. It has direct services to Birmingham, Cardiff, Chester and North Wales.
The original station name board 'Gobowen for Oswestry' is permanently displayed on the station platform.

Canals
The Llangollen Branch of the Shropshire Union Canal runs from Ellesmere to Llangollen, running  miles east of the town at Hindford and on through Chirk,  north. A navigable section of the partially restored Montgomery Canal, runs from Frankton Junction (connecting to the Llangollen Branch of the Shropshire Union Canal) to Newtown.

Historic railways
The railway station, once on the main line of the Cambrian Railways, was closed in 1966 as a consequence of the Beeching cuts. Opened in 1840, the section from Whitchurch to Welshpool (Buttington Junction), via Ellesmere, Whittington, Oswestry and Llanymynech, closed on 18 January 1965, leaving only a short branch line  from  to continue to serve Oswestry – but only until 7 November 1966. This former Great Western Railway (GWR) branch had once run into a separate GWR Oswestry terminus, but this has long since disappeared and the land redeveloped as a bus station and supermarket. Trains were re-routed into the main Cambrian station from 7 July 1924.

The main building of the Cambrian station is still a prominent landmark in the town centre: it once housed the headquarters of the Cambrian Railways company. After restoration, this building was reopened as the Cambrian Visitor Centre in June 2006 but closed on 11 January 2008.  It later reopened, and has since evolved into the headquarters of the Cambrian Heritage Railways (CHR) and a small catering establishment known as "Buffers"; other parts of the building have been converted into retail and office units to contribute to the upkeep of the building.

A single railway track still runs through the station, once overgrown and rusting, it has been cleared and repaired and is the subject of an ambitious plan to reopen the line as a steam heritage railway between Oswestry and Llanyblodwel and Pant (to link with the restored Montgomery Canal – see above), and as a sustainable community transport rail link from Oswestry to the National Rail railway station at Gobowen.

By 2013, the main "up" platform at Oswestry station had been reconstructed and some new semaphore signalling installed. The branch-line track-bed from south of Gobowen to Llanyblodwel is now owned by Shropshire Council, who lease the land to CHR, a registered charity. Work is advancing in securing the transfer of the existing Transport & Works Act Order (TWAO) from Network Rail to CHR. The aim was for this transfer to be completed by 2014, and for the railway line between Gobowen and Oswestry to be fully re-instated and operational by 2017; however the legal process of the TWAO Unit administering a form of written debate between the proposer and objectors with a guided number of exchanges, was still ongoing in mid 2016. CHR purchase of the final section of the Oswestry to Gobowen railway branch line was completed in April 2016; nevertheless, other hurdles to becoming operational, such as permissions and finances to reinstate the level crossings on the main A5/A483 Trunk Roads, will also need to be overcome.

Immediately to the south of Oswestry Railway Station is the Cambrian Railways Museum; while a short distance to the north are the "listed" Works Bridge and the former Cambrian Railways works, which are now occupied by a variety of local commerce concerns and Oswestry's Community Health Centre and ambulance facility.

Sport

Since 2013, the town has been represented in football by F.C. Oswestry Town, who are currently members of the North West Counties Football League Division One South. The former local football club, Oswestry Town F.C., was one of the few English teams to compete in the League of Wales. It also won the Welsh Cup in 1884, 1901 and 1907. The club folded due to financial difficulties in 2003 and merged with Total Network Solutions F.C. of Llansantffraid, a village eight miles (13 km) away on the Welsh side of the border. Following the takeover of the club's sponsor in 2006, the club was renamed as The New Saints. They moved to the redeveloped Park Hall Stadium on the outskirts of the town in September 2007. The New Saints or TNS is a full-time-professional football club that play in the Welsh Premier League, which they have won a record twelve times – including the past seven seasons.

Oswestry Lions F.C. of the Shropshire County League also play at the ground.

Recreation and leisure
From the 1700s to 1848, there was a popular racecourse outside the town. Known as  (), the site was chosen on this  high hilltop because of its location between the Kingdom of England and the Principality of Wales, and the aim was to bring together the local landowners and gentry of Wales and England.  Remnants of the old grandstand and figure-of-eight racetrack can still be seen.

Nowadays, Oswestry Race Course is common land, registered under the Commons Act 1899 and the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000, with a number of rights of way on the South Common including Offa's Dyke Path and Bridleway. Also designated as a publicly accessible open space and a Wildlife Site in the 1999 Local Plan, it is an area reserved for:

quiet, informal leisure activities and recreation;
the biological diversity of the matrix of heathland, sparse woodland, ponds and ditches;  and
the sustainable management and conservation of nature and wildlife.

The site provides extensive views across the surrounding landscape of England and Wales.

The  to Chirk Mill section of the Offa's Dyke Path National Trail crosses the common.

For children, The Centre offers many sessions for entertainment.

Twin towns
Oswestry is twinned with:

Notable people

Arts and media
 Shirley Brooks (1816–1874) journalist,  novelist  and editor of Punch, lived there when training as a solicitor 1832–38
 William Archibald Spooner (1844–1930) Oxford don,  originator of the Spoonerism, educated at Oswestry School
 Sir Henry Walford Davies  KCVO OBE (1869 in Oswestry – 1941) composer,  Master of the Queen's Music  1934 / 1941
 Wilfred Owen MC (1893 in Oswestry – 1918) poet  and soldier  in the first World War
 Ivor Roberts-Jones RA (1913 in Oswestry – 1996) sculptor,  sculpting the statue of Winston Churchill, in Parliament Square
 Barbara Pym (1913 in Oswestry – 1980) novelist,  Booker Prize nominee 1977
 Michael Croft OBE (1922 in Hengoed – 1986) actor,  schoolteacher and writer.
 Frank Bough  (born 1933) former television presenter,  went to school in Oswestry
 Ian Hunter  (born 1939 in Oswestry) lead singer  of the English rock band Mott the Hoople 1969 / 1974
 Philip Llewellin  (1940 in Oswestry – 2005) journalist and writer,  went to Oswestry School
 Paul Jerricho (born 1948 in Oswestry) actor,  educated at Oswestry School
 Peter Edwards (born 1955) BP Portrait Award-winning artist,  went to Oswestry school
 Jesse Armstrong (born in Oswestry c. 1972) comedy writer,  best known for the Channel 4 sitcom Peep Show and the BBC political satire The Thick of It.

Public service
 Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine (1634–1705) courtier  and diplomat
 Owen Owen (1850–1920) teacher, headmaster and school inspector  in Wales
 Harold Whitfield (1886–1956) Victoria Cross  recipient
 Francis Humphrys (1879–1971) cricketer,  colonial administrator and diplomat
 John Lloyd Williams MC (1894-unknown), World War I flying ace,  Chief Constable  of Cardiganshire
 Trevor Rees-Jones (1968-) bodyguard  of Diana, Princess of Wales

Religion and Politics
 William FitzAlan, Lord of Oswestry (1105–1160) nobleman  of Breton ancestry, major landowner and a Marcher lord
 John FitzAlan, Lord of Oswestry, Clun and Arundel (1223–1267) Marcher Lord  with lands in the Welsh Marches.
 David Holbache (c.1355 – c.1422) Welsh politician, MP for Shropshire,  founded Oswestry School  in 1407.
 Robert Ussher, (1592–1642) Provost of Trinity College,  Dublin and Bishop of Kildare, buried at Doddleston Chapel, near Oswestry
 Thomas Bray (c.1657–1730) clergyman  and abolitionist, went to Oswestry School
 Stanley Leighton (1837 – 1901) barrister, landowner,  artist, antiquarian and Conservative MP for Oswestry 1885 / 1901
 George Ormsby-Gore, 3rd Baron Harlech KCB TD DL (1855–1938) British soldier  and Conservative MP for Oswestry 1901 / 1904
 William Griffith Thomas (1861 in Oswestry – 1924) Anglican cleric  and scholar
 William Bridgeman, 1st Viscount Bridgeman PC, JP, DL (1864–1935) Home Secretary  1922 / 1924 and Conservative MP for Oswestry 1906 / 1929
 Kate Williams Evans (1866-1961) suffragette died in Oswestry
 Bertie Leighton (1875–1952) Army officer, landowner  and Conservative MP for Oswestry 1929 / 1945
 David Ormsby-Gore, 5th Baron Harlech KCMG PC DL (1918–1985) diplomat  and Conservative MP for Oswestry 1950 / 1961
 John Biffen PC, DL (1930–2007) respectfully regarded  Conservative MP for Oswestry 1961 / 1997
 George Foulkes, Baron Foulkes of Cumnock PC (born 1942 in Oswestry) former  Scottish Labour Co-operative MP, now life peer

Science, Medicine & Business
 Thomas Mainwaring Penson (1818 in Oswestry – 1864) surveyor and architect,  educated at Oswestry School
 Thomas Savin (1826 in Llwynymaen – 1889 in Oswestry) railway engineer,  buried Oswestry Cemetery
 Edward Weston (1850 in Oswestry – 1936) chemist,  developed electroplating and the Weston cell in the USA
 Northcote W. Thomas (1868 in Oswestry - 1936) British anthropologist  and psychical researcher
 Katharine Lloyd-Williams CBE (1896 in Oswestry – 1973) anaesthetist,  general practitioner and medical educator
 Gordon Jackson Rees (1918 in Oswestry – 2001) anesthesiologist  and a pioneer in pediatric anesthesia
 Dame Steve Shirley CH DBE FREng FBCS (born 1933) information technology pioneer,  businesswoman and philanthropist, Kindertransport child refugee, lived at Oswestry for six years and attended Oswestry Girls' High School.
 Per Lindstrand (born 1948) Swedish aeronautical engineer and pilot,  founded Lindstrand Balloons in Oswestry
 Ian Robertson CMG (born 1958 in Oswestry) automotive executive,  MD of Land Rover, now on the Board of BMW Group

Sports
 Alfred Payne (1849 in Oswestry – 1927) cricketer for the Marylebone Cricket Club
 Di Jones (1867 in Trefonen – 1902) Welsh international footballer, 340 pro appearances for Bolton Wanderers F.C. and Manchester City F.C.
 Charlie Morris (1880 in Oswestry – 1952) footballer, 277 pro appearances for Derby County F.C.
 George Wynn (1886 in Treflach – 1966) Welsh professional footballer
 Herbie Roberts (1905 in Oswestry – 1944) footballer,  297 pro appearances for Arsenal F.C.
 Harry Weetman (1920 in Oswestry - 1972) golfer
 Fred Morris (1929 in Oswestry – 1998) footballer,  350 pro appearances, mainly for Walsall F.C.
 Andy Lloyd (1956 in Oswestry) England test cricketer  and captain of Warwickshire CCC
 Ian Woosnam OBE (born 1958 in Oswestry) Welsh professional golfer
 Carl Griffiths (born 1971 in Oswestry) retired footballer,  334 pro appearances beginning at Shrewsbury Town F.C.
 Darren Ryan (born 1972 in Oswestry) former footballer,  over 300 pro appearances; now trains youngsters at Wolves
 Paul Evans (born 1974 in Oswestry) retired footballer,  475 pro appearances beginning at Shrewsbury Town F.C.
 Boaz Myhill (born 1982) football goalkeeper,  over 350 pro appearances, mostly for Hull City F.C.
 Mark Robinson (born 1984) former Shropshire cricketer,  lives in Oswestry.
 Amy Hughes (born 1987) marathon runner,  a sports therapist in Oswestry
 Matt Done (born 1988 in Oswestry) professional footballer,  over 350 pro appearances so far, plays for Rochdale


The City Hall (TV series)

The City Hall (; lit. "City Hall") is a 2009 South Korean television series starring Kim Sun-a and Cha Seung-won. It aired on SBS from April 29 to July 2, 2009 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.

Written by Kim Eun-sook and directed by Shin Woo-chul, the story revolves around a low-ranking government clerk who becomes the youngest mayor of the fictional Inju City, and her romance with an ambitious and cynical deputy mayor.

Synopsis
For the past seven years, Shin Mi-rae has been the lowest ranking public servant working in Inju City Hall. Her main job is to serve coffee to the high-ranking public officials. Mi-rae owes a huge credit card debt, so she enters a beauty pageant to win the first prize of  (approximately ). But when the prize money ends up in the corrupt mayor's pocket, Mi-rae holds a one-person demonstration in front of the city hall. After a series of ups and downs, Mi-rae gets her prize money, but has no choice but to resign from her job. When the situation is leaked to the press, the mayor resigns as well. The job of mayor is up for grabs and Mi-rae becomes nominated as a mayoral candidate. With the support of her followers and the backing of Jo Gook, the powerful deputy mayor, she becomes elected as the youngest mayor of Inju. With no political background but filled with the desire to genuinely work for her constituents, Mi-rae begins to reform the bureaucratic culture of the city hall administration. But in the process she butts heads with the cold-hearted and cool-headed Jo Gook, who had an ulterior motive in installing her and has presidential ambitions of his own.

Cast

Main
Kim Sun-a as Shin Mi-rae
Cha Seung-won as Jo Gook
Chu Sang-mi as Min Joo-hwa
Lee Hyung-chul as Lee Jung-do
Yoon Se-ah as Go Go-hae

Supporting

Lee Joon-hyuk as Ha Soo-in
Jung Soo-young as Jung Boo-mi
Park Joo-ah as Yoo Kwon-ja, Shin Mi-rae's mother
Choi Il-hwa as BB
Cha Hwa-yeon as Jo Yong-hee, Jo Gook's mother
Kim Jin-sang as Jo Rang
Choi Sang-hoon as So Yoo-han
Yeom Dong-hwan as Mayor Go Boo-shil
Park Tae-kyung as Boo Jeong-han
Kwon Da-hyun as Bong Sun-hwa
Kang Joo-hyung as Mang Hae-ra
Yang Jae-sung as Kang Tae-gong
Kim Dong-gun as Park Ah-cheom
Shin Jung-geun as Director Ji
Choi Dae-sung as "Eraser"
Kim Ah-rang as "Run Honey"
Kim Neul-mae as "Rooftop Cat"
Moon Hee-soo as "Jessica Alba"
Chae Geon as young Jo Gook
Yoon Chae-rin as young Shin Mi-rae
Kim Gun as Yang
Min Joon-hyun as reporter Lee Jik-pil
Im Dae-il as Director Moon
Ryu Sung-han as Director Byun
Lee Jae-goo as Ye-san
Hong Ji-min as Madame Jung (ep. 15)
Kim Dong-gyun
Nam Hyun-joo
Kim Sung-oh

Soundtrack
 다 잘 될 거야 	- Noh Young-shim
 그래 나를 믿자 (Okay, I'll Believe in Myself) - 	Jung-in feat. Bizzy
 불안한 사랑 (Uncertain Love) - Horan of Clazziquai
 미래's 왈츠 (Mi-rae's Waltz) - Noh Young-shim
 웃어봐 (Smile) - Chae Dong-ha of SG Wannabe
 Bright Funk - Noh Young-shim
 이사랑 부제; 이사랑 버리자 (This Love) - Position
 저무는 길 - Kim Jung-bae, Han Seol-hee
 희망찬 미래 - Noh Young-shim
 Tension - Noh Young-shim
 정치적 In 멜로디 - Noh Young-shim
 One Dream - Seo Moon-tak
 그럴 순 없어 - Noh Young-shim
 회기 불능 - Noh Young-shim
 다시 돌아갈 수 있을까 - Noh Young-shim
 저무는 길 Piano Ver. - Noh Young-shim
 캐슬 허슬 - Noh Young-shim
 종친다 	- Noh Young-shim
 그래 나를 믿자 Shuffle Ver. - Noh Young-shim
 Memory - Noh Young-shim
 사랑하고 사랑합니다 (Bonus Track) - Park Sang-woo of Bohemian

Ratings
In the table below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.

Awards
2009 SBS Drama Awards
Excellence Award, Actor in a Drama Special: Cha Seung-won
Excellence Award, Actress in a Drama Special: Kim Sun-a
Top 10 Stars: Cha Seung-won, Kim Sun-a

International broadcast
 It aired in Vietnam on HTV3 from January 2, 2010, under the title Nữ Thị Trưởng.


Gabriel Maillé

Gabriel Maillé (born 1995) is a Canadian film and television actor who started as a child actor.

Maillé  appeared in feature films It's Not Me, I Swear! (C'est pas moi, je le jure!) and  1981 before appearing in a lead role in Wetlands (Marécages).

Maillé started early with roles in theater and films including in 2004 Dans une galaxie près de chez vous by Claude Desrosiers and small roles in La Promesse in 2003 and Temps durs and Pure Laine in 2004.

In 2009, he portrayed Jérôme, as Léon's big brother, in It's Not Me, I Swear! (C'est pas moi, je le jure!) by Philippe Falardeau. The same year, he appeared in the latest feature by
Ricardo Trogi, 1981. His lead role in Wetlands (Marécages) is his biggest role on the screen as yet.

He was also in the television series Yamaska broadcast on  the Quebec television station TVA as Frédérick Harrison for three consecutive seasons. He has also appeared on Le Club des doigts croisés in 2009-2010, a youth series produced by "La Presse Télé" and shown on Radio-Canada.

Filmography
2008: It's Not Me, I Swear! (C'est pas moi, je le jure!) as Jérôme Doré
2009: 1981 as Jérôme
2009-2011: Yamaska as Frédérick Harrison (in 19 episodes)
2011: Wetlands (Marécages) as Simon


Ernest August Hellmuth von Kiesenwetter

Ernst August Hellmuth von Kiesenwetter (5 November 1820 Dresden – 18 March 1880 in Dresden) was a German entomologist who specialised in beetles.

Kiesenwetter’s Coleoptera collection is in the Museum of Natural History, Munich and his Hymenoptera and Heteroptera are in Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden.

Works
Kiesenwetter's works include:

1857 Naturgeschichte der Insecten Deutschlands, Coleoptera 4(1):1-176.
1857 Bemerkungen über Lacordaires Buprestiden-System. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift1:169-171.
1858. Beiträge zur Käferfauna Griechenlands. Stück 4 (Parnidae, Heteroceridae, Lamellicornia, Buprestidae). Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 2:231-249.
1859. Anthaxia plicata, p. 58. In: H. Schaum, Beiträge zur europäischen Käfer. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 3:42-59.
1859. Synonymische Bemerkungen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 3:91-92.
1870 en la Península Ibérica (Coleoptera, Hydrochidae). Boln Asoc. esp. Ent. 22(1/2): 145-149. 1998
1874. Die malocodermen Japans nach dem Ergebnisse der Sammlungen des Herrn. G. Lewis während der Jahre 1869-1871. Berliner Entomol. Zeitschrift, 18: 241-288
1874. Synonymische Bemerkungen. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 18:440-441.
1877 with T.Kirsch  Die Käferfauna der Aukland-Inseln, nach Herm. Krone's Sammlungen beschrieben. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 153-174.
1879. Neue Amur-Käfer. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 23(1):145-146.
1879. Coleoptera Japoniae collecta a Domino Lewis et aliis. Deut. Entomol. Z. 23: 305-320.
1880 with T.Kirsch. Neue Anthaxia-Arten. Entomologische Monatsblätter 19:129-133.


KBMW (AM)

KBMW (1450 AM) is a radio station licensed to Breckenridge, Minnesota, serving the Wahpeton-Breckenridge area, owned by Robert Ingstad's I3G Media, LLC. The station airs a mix of Country Music and news, as well local content such as community calendar, funeral notices, and Swap Shop. It carries Minnesota Twins baseball coverage, updates from the American Ag Network, and plays a variety of syndicated programming at night.

Ownership Info
On March 31, 2003, the station was purchased by W-B Broadcasting for $1.2 million.

On November 30, 2012, Triad Broadcasting signed a Definitive Agreement to sell all 32 of their stations to Larry Wilson's L&L Broadcasting for $21 Million. Upon completion of the sale on May 1, 2013, L&L in turn sold the Fargo stations to Jim Ingstad, who had just sold his competing cluster to Midwest Communications. An LMA (Local Marketing Agreement) was placed so Ingstad could take immediate control of the stations, and the sale became final July 2, 2013. The sale was worth $9.5 million.

Jim Ingstad sold KBMW to daughter Brooke Ingstad's Radio Wahpeton Breckenridge, LLC effective June 1, 2016; the purchase price was $300,000. Brooke Ingstad sold KBMW and sister station KBMW-FM to cousin Robert Ingstad's I3G Media, LLC effective December 31, 2017 for $925,000.


Lucílio Batista

Lucílio Cardoso Cortez Batista (born 26 April 1965 in Lisbon) is a retired Portuguese football referee. A bank teller by profession, Batista started refereeing Portuguese first division matches in the mid-1990s in the national territory. Internationally, he refereed two matches at the 2004 UEFA European Football Championship, on home soil. He also refereed two matches at the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup in France.

Batista also had a run in the UEFA Champions League (16 matches) and UEFA Cup (ten) during his career. He retired from the game at the end of the 2009–10 season.

 2006 Ukrainian Cup Final


RAE Scarab

The RAE Scarab was a light single-engined single-seat parasol winged modification of the de Havilland Humming Bird, flying in the United Kingdom in 1932.  Only one was built.

Development

The Aero Club of the Royal Aircraft Establishment built two light aircraft in 1923, the Zephyr and the Hurricane, then no more until 1931.  This, their final effort was the RAE Scarab or PB Scarab as it is sometimes known, after its designers P G N Peters and C R Brewer. Even so, it was not all their own work for the wing and empennage were from a low-winged DH.53, itself a 1923 aircraft.  What they did was to reposition the wing on a new fuselage to make a new, parasol winged monoplane, a change that required the creation of a centre section and the struts to support it.

With its new fuselage, the Scarab was longer than the DH.53, at 21 ft 0 in (6.40 m) compared with 19 ft 8 in (5.99 m).      Most of the extra length was in the nose, for the DH.53 was a very snub-nosed machine compared with the Scarab. Both aircraft had flat sided fuselages built up from four longerons in the usual manner of the time, with rounded decking.  The DH.53 pilot had sat over mid-chord, but the combination of 5o of sweepback and the change of centre of gravity due to the longer nose in the Scarab meant he could sit at the trailing edge of the new, narrow chord centre section.  Given the small gap between the top of the fuselage and the underside of the parasol wing, a mid chord cockpit would have been inaccessible and have restricted the pilot's view severely.  A pair of lift stuts extended in a V from the lower fuselage longerons on each side to the two wing spars at the point where these were thickened for the compression struts of the DH.53. As on the DH.53, the wings had constant chord with slightly rounded tips, carrying long differential ailerons. In contrast to those of the DH.53, the wings of the Scarab folded for transport. The Scarab's undercarriage was also new, a split axle unit with the main legs going to the upper longerons and bracing to the lower ones.  The undercarriage track was 5 ft (1.52 m).  Like some DH.53s, the Scarab was powered by a 32 hp (24 kW) Bristol Cherub III flat twin.

The sole Scarab was registered as G-ABOH . Its first flight was in February 1932 with H.H. Leech at the controls.  Though underpowered and slow, it seems to have flown nicely and had a surprising rate of climb.  It flew from Farnborough until 1938, when it was stored and then scrapped in 1945.

Specifications


Jorge González von Marées

Jorge González von Marées (April 5, 1900 – March 14, 1962) El Jefe (Spanish: The chief, analogous to the Führer) was a Chilean political figure and author.

Born in Santiago of a German mother. He was ideologically influenced by Oswald Spengler.  On April 5, 1932 he founded the Movimiento Nacional Socialista de Chile (MNS, National Socialist Movement of Chile) to oppose Democratism, Americanism, and Communism.

González von Marées organized a failed coup attempt on September 5, 1938, in which 58 young nacista members were shot to death by police, in what became known as the Seguro Obrero massacre.  He was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment, but subsequently pardoned by President Aguirre.

Works
 González von Marées, Jorge (1932). La concepción nacista del Estado. Santiago, Chile.
 González von Marées, Jorge (1937). El problema del hambre. Santiago, Chile: Editorial Ercilla.
 González von Marées, Jorge (1939). Pueblo y Estado. Santiago, Chile.
 González von Marées, Jorge (1940). El mal de Chile: Sus causas y remedios. Santiago, Chile: Ediciones Diego Portales.


The following list shows the recipients for the Country Music Association Award for Vocal Group of the Year.

The award was first presented in 1967 to The Stoneman Family. Dolly Parton was the first female recipient of the award, winning in 1968 for her work with Porter Wagoner. The Judds and the Dixie Chicks are the only all-female groups to win the award, with Parton and June Carter Cash receiving the award as part of a male/female duo and Highway 101, Lady Antebellum and Little Big Town including female members. In 1970, a separate award was established for vocal duo. The Statler Brothers are the group with the most wins in this category, with nine wins.

Recipients

Category facts
Most wins


Thomas Warton

Thomas Warton (9 January 1728 – 21 May 1790) was an English literary historian, critic, and poet. From 1785 to 1790 he was the Poet Laureate of England. He is sometimes called Thomas Warton the younger to distinguish him from his father Thomas Warton the elder.  His most famous poem remains The Pleasures of Melancholy, a representative work of the Graveyard poets.

Life

Warton was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire, the son of poet Thomas Warton, the Elder, and younger brother of Joseph Warton. As a youngster, Warton demonstrated a strong predilection toward writing poetry, a skill he would continue to develop all of his life. In fact, Warton translated one of Martial's epigrams at nine, and wrote The Pleasures of Melancholy at seventeen.

His early education was given to him by his father. At sixteen years of age he enrolled at Winchester College, later moving to Trinity College, Oxford. He graduated from Oxford in 1747, where he subsequently became a Fellow. Warton was selected as Poet Laureate of Oxford in 1747 and again in 1748. His duty in this post was to write a poem about a selected patroness of the University, which would be read to her on a specially appointed day.

Warton was appointed Professor of Poetry at the university in 1757, a post that he held for ten years.

In 1771 he was appointed rector of Kiddington in Oxfordshire, a post he held until his death.

In 1785, he was appointed Camden Professor of History, as well as poet laureate. He was a friend and rival of Samuel Johnson, and his poetry was greatly influenced by earlier English poets such as Chaucer, Drayton, Fairfax, and Spenser.

Among other important contributions, Warton, along with his brother, was among the first to argue that Sir Thopas, by Geoffrey Chaucer, was a parody. Warton contributed to the general project of the ballad revival. He was a general supporter of the poetry of Thomas Gray—a fact that Johnson satirized in his parody "Hermit hoar, in solemn cell."  Among his minor works were an edition of Theocritus, a selection of Latin and Greek inscriptions, the humorous Oxford Companion to the Guide and Guide to the Companion (1762); lives of Sir Thomas Pope and Ralph Bathurst; and an Inquiry into the Authenticity of the Poems attributed to Thomas Rowley (1782).

Poetry, criticism and historical works

In 1749, Warton penned The Triumph of Isis, a poem in praise of Oxford and the many students who had received their education there. Published anonymously, The Triumph of Isis rebutted William Mason's Isis, an Elegy published the previous year, which was anything but flattering to Oxford.

Following the success of The Triumph of Isis, Warton wrote Newmarket, a Satire, which was followed by a collection of verses. His complete poetical works were included in an anthology that has been reissued.

Warton's first major academic work was Observations on the Faerie Queene of Spenser, published in 1754. He is, however, best known for the three-volume The History of English Poetry (1774–81), which covered the poetry of the 11th through the 16th centuries. Although the work was criticized for its many inaccuracies, it is nonetheless considered a highly important and influential historical tome.

In 1782 he wrote The History and Antiquities of Kiddington, an early example of English local history.

As a poet, Warton was more inclined toward light and humorous verse, odes and sonnets. His sonnets helped to revive the form, which had fallen out of fashion.

He is remembered for his interest in primitivism, which was an important stage toward romanticism.

A sonnet by Warton

Various works

 – an anthology of verse and Oxford wit

Notes
a. The River Lodon referred to by Warton is the stream running through the Parsonage House of his childhood, in Basingstoke. The Loddon rises west of Basingstoke and is fed by springs in the town; it joins the Kennet at Reading.


Signature (legally CACDP and formerly The Council for the Advancement of Communication with Deaf People) is a charity in the whose aim is to improve communication between deaf and hearing people in the United Kingdom. Signature offers a portfolio of qualifications in British Sign Language and other forms of communication with deaf and deafblind people.

Qualification portfolio
All of Signature's qualifications are accredited by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA) and appear on the National Vocational Qualification framework. Signature Qualifications are available at centres across the UK.

The full list of Signature qualifications is as follows:

BSL/ISL

Level 1 Certificate in BSL/ISL
Level 2 Certificate in BSL/ISL
Level 3 Certificate in BSL/ISL
Level 3 NVQ in BSL/ISL
Level 4 NVQ in BSL/ISL
Level 4 NVQ in Interpreting (BSL/English)

Deaf Awareness/Issues

Level 1 Award in Deaf Awareness and Communication
Level 2 Certificate in Communication with Deaf People
Level 2 Certificate in Communication with Deafblind People
Level 2 Certificate in Communication with Deafblind People (manual)
Level 3 Certificate in Facilitating Communication with Deaf People (Lipspeaking Skills)
Level 3 Certificate in Facilitating Communication with Deaf People (Notetaking Skills)
Level 3 Certificate for LSPs working with Deaf and Deafblind People (Lipspeaking)
Level 3 Certificate for LSPs working with Deaf and Deafblind People (Notetaking)

Vision

The collective vision of Signature is one of an inclusive society where deaf people experience no communication barriers. In its 25 years the charity has raised awareness and promoted skills, and standards, in the languages and communication methods that deaf people use.

Signature have overcome many obstacles to become the recognised professional registration body for interpreters, lipspeakers, speech-to-text-reporters and others providing language access services, and one of the top awarding bodies in the UK.

Deaf people are still excluded, overlooked and discriminated against in our society. There are far too few professionals offering language access services. CACDP know too few schools teach BSL or even tactics for communicating with deaf people. We know far too few people are formally qualified to teach BSL. Signature's work remains as important now as it was on the day the charity was established.

Signature exists to provide knowledge and recognise skills in the languages and communication methods used by deaf people. Over twenty-five years Signature has been highly successful, more than 280,000 candidates have entered for assessments and the number of professionals registered to offer language access services has grown to over 600. Signature's work has also had an appreciable effect on public policy and service provision helping to shift the emphasis from a paternalistic welfare model to one based on rights and inclusion.

Signature has been privileged to contribute to several important developments in their sector. Every Sign Language Interpreter, Lipspeaker and Speech-to-text reporter now working in courts and police stations must be Signature registered. Projects to improve inclusion for deaf people in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales backed by the devolved administrations are in various states of development and delivery. The report on access to communication in English for deaf people has raised awareness of the access issues for the greatest number of deaf people.

Until 2009 Signature was known by the name CACDP.

External links
CACDP Website


Discovery science

Discovery science (also known as discovery-based science) is a scientific methodology which emphasizes analysis of large volumes of experimental data with the goal of finding new patterns or correlations, leading to hypothesis formation and other scientific methodologies.

Discovery-based methodologies are often viewed in contrast to traditional scientific practice, where hypotheses are formed before close examination of experimental data. However, from a philosophical perspective where all or most of the observable "low-hanging fruit" has already been plucked, examining the phenomenological world more closely than the senses alone (even augmented senses, e.g. via microscopes, telescopes, bifocals etc.) opens a new source of knowledge for hypothesis formation. This process is also known as inductive reasoning or the use of specific observations to make generalizations.

Data mining is the most common tool used in discovery science, and is applied to data from diverse fields of study such as DNA analysis, climate modeling, nuclear reaction modeling, and others.

The use of data mining in discovery science follows a general trend of increasing use of computers and computational theory in all fields of science, and newer methods of data mining employ specialized machine learning algorithms for automated hypothesis forming and automated theorem proving.


Carrot pudding

Carrot pudding is a dish traditional to a wide range of cultures around the world. It can be served either as a savoury pudding (as an accompaniment to a regular meal) or as a sweet dessert.

Published in 1591, there is an English recipe for "pudding in a Carret(sic) root" that is essentially a stuffed carrot with meat, shortening, cream, eggs, raisins, sweetener (dates and sugar), spices (clove and mace), scraped carrot, and breadcrumbs. In The Oxford Companion to Food, writer Alan Davidson believes that carrots were used in Europe to make sweet cakes. These were a predecessor to the carrot cake. Carrot pudding has been served in Ireland since at least the 18th century. It was also served in the United States as long ago as 1876. Because sweeteners were rationed during the Second World War, carrot pudding was seen as an alternative in the UK. Later on, carrot cake was seen as a 'health food'.

A sweet dessert pudding associated mainly with the state of Punjab, India is called gajar ka halwa, carrot halwa, or Punjab gajrela.


Władysław Krasiński

Count Władysław Krasiński (1844–1873) was a Polish nobleman.

Władysław was the 3rd Ordynat of the Opinogóra estates. He was son of one of Poland's greatest romantic poets Zygmunt Krasiński.

He was married to Róża Potocka and had three children, Adam Krasiński, Elżbieta Maria Krasińska and Zofia Krasińska.

Wladyslaw


Vadim Yakunin

Vadim Yakunin is a Russian billionaire whose fortune comes from the pharmaceutical industry. After beginning in the Hungarian tourism sector, Yakunin founded the Rigla pharmacy chain, and later the PROTEK distribution firm. He resides in Moscow and graduated from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.


Paul Vandy

Paul Vandy (c. 1874 – 19 October 1950) was the stage name of Charles Edward Maynard (born Charles Edward Davis), known as the juggling magician, who was a prolific performer from around 1894 to 1930 and is credited as the originator of magical juggling.

Billed as "The World Famous Magical Juggler", "The Jocular Juggler", "The Juggler King", "The Great Vandy", "the Best Plate Juggler on Earth", "the Greatest Juggling Novelty in the World", "the Peerless Vandy" and "England's Extraordinary Entertainer", he was primarily a juggler and equilibrist but also gained notoriety as a magician as his career progressed.

Over nearly 5 decades Vandy's performances branched from the music hall circuits of the UK to the leading theatres of Europe, America and South Africa.

Vandy was one of the owners of the Accrington Hippodrome (prior to it burning down circa 1908) along with Fred Willmott, Frederick Edward Weisker, John Leopold Weisker, William Johnson, and Albert Lindsay Parkinson. He was the partner of Ernest Valentine D'Iffanger (professionally known as Ernest Valentine) in a Theatrical, Musical and Variety Agency, located at 11 Nassau Street, Shaftesbury Avenue, under the style of Valentine's Agency; a business that Vandy took sole ownership of in late 1902. Vandy was also the proprietor of the Magical Pastimes Co and Vandy's Magic Saloon (West Pier, Brighton).

Performance career

1892 – already a juggling success by the age of 18
When he started out he was represented by Tom Coleno of Nottingham. His act was so successful that at the age of 18 in 1892 a challenge was issued in The Era which read: "PAUL VANDY – the Novel, Fantastic Young Juggler and Equilibrist". At this age, his tricks featured juggling with lamps, blocks, plates.

The first reference to Vandy's performance is found in The Era on 9 September 1892 and is described just two months later by the same publication as juggling with "incredible dexterity." By the end of 1893 he was billing in all Moss & Thornton music halls across the UK. At the age of just 19 the national newspapers were singing his praises. The Guardian described him as someone "who showed no little skills in his manipulations" and the Daily Mail described him as "a thorough master of his business". By the summer of 1893 he was being regularly billed as "The Great Vandy." By the summer of 1895 Vandy had become a top billing specialty act renowned throughout Great Britain and Ireland as "the Phenomenom." In August 1895 he was requested to bring his magical juggling act to South Africa and set sail on the S.S. Spartan immediately. The first tour of South Africa was a great success and lasted until December 1895.

By 1897 Vandy was heading playbills internationally as "The Greatest Juggling Novelty in the World" and in February 1897 he became the highest paid specialist act on record when he agreed to tour South Africa with Fillis' Grand Circus to great acclaim. He returned from South Africa to tour Ireland with repeated encore performances and rave reviews; he was most notable when he did a performance at the Empire Palace Theatre in Dublin in December 1897.

At the end of 1898, Vandy was specially engaged for Keith’s Circuit in the USA. by H.H. Felber, Esq. at yet again record salary for a British speciality act. Around 1898 Vandy is repeatedly referred to as the originator of the evening dress act which was gaining popularity. On 31 December 1898 Mr. L. Livermore described Vandy as absolutely the greatest juggling novelty ever seen.

1900s – Vandy starts to introduce magic into his act.
In 1900 Vandy toured the USA and France extensively; highlights of which were performances at the Union Square Theatre in New York and the Casino de Paris. His performance at the Tivoli Theatre in London on 24 November 1900.

1907 – Begins a business
By 1907, not only had Vandy integrated magic and conjuring into his impressive juggling act, he had also begun to issue catalogues of magical novelties as part of his business the Magical Pastimes Co. at that point operating from Barnes, Surrey.

1908 – Successfully combines magic and juggling
In May 1908, Vandy performed at the King's Theatre in Edinburgh then in October 1908, following a performance at the Chelsea Palace in London, Vandy had raised the standard of the magical element of his act to such a level that he was no longer referred to as merely a trickster. In April 1909, Vandy starred alongside Annie Abbott at the Hippodrome Accrington.

Businesses
He published a house organ of general interest for his business called Conjuring in 1914. Vandy also owned a magical depot at 156 Western Road, Brighton.

The Act
Vandy's novelty act at The Tivoli, Manchester on 7 July 1913 was fully described in Magical World, New Series (July 1913) with particular attention given to the trick christened "Watch it" confirming that Vandy was the tricks originator. Later that year, at the Hippodromes of Brighton and Portsmouth The Stage stated that "Paul Vandy mystifies the audience with his magical juggling feats." By December 1913, the Alhambra Theatre, London proudly billed Vandy as "The World's Greatest Magical Juggler."

Death
Vandy died on 19 October 1950 in his home at Wentworth House, The Green, Richmond, Surrey in his late seventies. He left a wife, Lilly Maynard and two sons Charles Harry Maynard and Edward Vandy Maynard.


Asphondylia auripila

Asphondylia auripila is a species of gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae.


Osmerus

Osmerus is a genus of smelt.

Species
There are currently three recognized species in this genus:
 Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758) (European smelt)
 Osmerus mordax (Mitchill, 1814)
 Osmerus mordax dentex Steindachner & Kner, 1870 (Arctic rainbow smelt)
 Osmerus mordax mordax (Mitchill, 1814) (Rainbow smelt)
 Osmerus spectrum Cope, 1870 (Pygmy smelt)


Thomas Humphreys (athlete)

Thomas Frederick Humphreys (8 September 1890 – 9 April 1967) was a British athlete who competed mainly in the cross country running team. He was born in Wingrave, Buckinghamshire and died in Aston Abbotts. He was affiliated with Herne Hill Harriers.

He competed for Great Britain in the 1912 Summer Olympics held in Stockholm, Sweden in the Cross Country Team where he won the bronze medal with his team mates Frederick Hibbins and Ernest Glover.


John Williams (Tennessee)

John Williams (January 29, 1778 – August 10, 1837) was an American lawyer, soldier, and statesman, operating primarily out of Knoxville, Tennessee, in the first part of the 19th century. He represented Tennessee in the United States Senate from 1815 to 1823, when he lost reelection to Andrew Jackson. Williams also served as colonel of the 39th U.S. Infantry during the Creek Wars, and played a key role in Jackson's victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814.

Williams later distanced himself from Jackson, and aligned himself with John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay. Adams appointed him chargé d'affaires to the Central American Federation in 1825.

Early life
Williams was born in what is now Forsyth County, North Carolina (then part of Surry County), the third of twelve children of Joseph and Rebekah Lanier Williams.  His father was of Welsh descent, and his mother was descended from French Huguenots. Two of Williams' brothers, Lewis Williams and Robert Williams, served as U.S. congressmen in the 19th century.  Another brother, Thomas Lanier Williams, was a prominent Tennessee judge.  Williams was also the cousin of Congressman Marmaduke Williams .

Williams studied law in Salisbury, North Carolina, in the late 1790s, and served as a captain in the 6th U.S. Infantry, from 1799 to 1800.  Shortly afterward, he relocated to Knoxville, Tennessee, where he was admitted to the bar in 1803. Around 1805, he married Melinda White, daughter of Knoxville's founder, James White.

In 1807, Williams was appointed Tennessee's attorney general, and served in this capacity until the following year. In 1811, he led a mass meeting of Knox County citizens that condemned Archibald Roane for resigning from the state legislature to run for circuit court judge.  In a letter published in a local newspaper, Williams blasted Roane as too selfish and too much of a drunkard to be a faithful judge.

Military activities (1812–1815)

In late 1812, at the outbreak of the War of 1812, Williams raised a small company of some 200 to 250 volunteers, primarily from Tennessee and Georgia, with the intention of invading Florida and attacking the Seminole tribe.  Williams and other leaders on the frontier suspected that Spain would eventually join the British side in the war, and would encourage the Seminoles to attack frontier settlements in southern Georgia.  Williams and his volunteers invaded Florida in early February 1813, and destroyed several Seminole villages, burning over 300 houses, and stealing a large number of horses and other livestock.  After reporting that the Seminole country was "completely in waste," Williams returned to East Tennessee, and his volunteers were mustered out shortly afterward.

In June 1813, Williams was commissioned in the U.S. Army as a colonel, and ordered to recruit and organize the 39th U.S. Infantry for the purpose of engaging the hostile Red Stick Creeks.  Within a few weeks, Williams had managed to recruit and partially equip 600 troops.  In early 1814, Williams and the 39th were placed under the command of Andrew Jackson, who was preparing an expedition against the Red Sticks in Alabama.

On March 27, Jackson attacked the Red Stick camp on the Tallapoosa River, initiating the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.  At the height of this battle, Williams and the 39th, which comprised Jackson's main line, charged and captured the log barricade with which the Creeks had fortified the riverbend, forcing the Creeks to flee.  In his report on the battle, Jackson commended the actions of Williams and several other officers of the 39th.  Soldiers who fought under Williams at this battle included future Missouri senator Thomas Hart Benton and future Tennessee and Texas governor, Sam Houston.

Following the Battle of Horseshoe Bend, Williams went to Washington, D.C., to raise money for the 39th, and gradually acquired a sizable cache of weapons.  Throughout 1814, Williams and Jackson bickered over these weapons, with Jackson demanding that Williams give them to a militia company in Tennessee, and Williams arguing that federal arms could not be distributed to militia companies.  Jackson questioned Williams' loyalty, and Williams questioned Jackson's authority.

United States Senate

In 1815, Williams was chosen to fill the Senate seat left vacant by the resignation of Jesse Wharton (who had been appointed to the seat a few months earlier following the resignation of George W. Campbell).  In 1817, Williams was reelected to a full six-year term.  Williams voted in favor of the Second Bank of the United States in 1816, opposed the Bonus Bill of 1817, and voted for the Missouri Compromise of 1820.  He was also chairman of the Committee on Military Affairs, and oversaw a reduction of the armed forces.

In 1819, following Jackson's invasion of Florida (then part of Spain), another dispute erupted between Williams and Jackson.  Jackson accused Williams of spreading a rumor that Jackson had launched the invasion to protect personal land investments in the Pensacola area, and argued that Williams was assailing his character in private conversations in Washington.  In 1821, Williams was one of just four senators to vote against the Adams–Onís Treaty, in which Spain ceded Florida to the United States.

In 1823, Williams made it clear that he was going to support William H. Crawford (another enemy of Jackson) for the presidency, leading Jackson's allies in Tennessee to seek Williams' removal from the Senate.  When they were unable to find a candidate with enough support to defeat Williams, Jackson agreed to become a candidate for Williams' seat.  Though Williams had the support of the influential Knoxville Register and rising politician Davy Crockett, he lost to Jackson by a margin of 35 votes to 25 at a contentious meeting of the state legislature on October 1, 1823.

Later life

After losing his U.S. Senate seat, Williams ran for Knox County's state senate seat in 1825, but lost to James Anderson by a vote of 982 to 931.  President John Quincy Adams pondered appointing Williams Secretary of War, but was dissuaded by Henry Clay, who thought the appointment should go to someone from New York.  Adams eventually appointed Williams chargé d'affaires to the Central American Federation, and Williams thus spent most of 1826 at this post in Guatemala.

In 1827, Williams again ran for Knox County's state senate seat.  In spite of staunch opposition from Jackson's allies (including Williams' brother-in-law, Hugh Lawson White, who referred to Williams as a "mean politician who can get no man to lye upon him"), Williams won the election, 1,585 to 1,216.  During his term, he introduced a bill calling for the construction of a turnpike connecting Anderson County and Kentucky, a bill providing relief for female debtors, and legislation seeking greater oversight of the Bank of Tennessee.  He retired from the state senate in 1829.

Williams spent his later years practicing law and advocating railroad construction.  He rejected several invitations to run for Congress, stating he had no desire to go to Washington and serve at the "bow of the emperor," in reference to then-President Jackson.  Williams died on August 10, 1837, and was interred in the First Presbyterian Church Cemetery in Knoxville.

Family and legacy

In 1816, Williams made plans to develop a subdivision, "Williamsburg," on what was then the outskirts of Knoxville (now part of the Downtown area).  This subdivision was bounded by what is now Henley Street (which at the time was the city's western boundary), Main Street, the riverfront, and Second Creek.  The area is now occupied by Maplehurst Park and the Church Street Methodist Church.

In 1826, while Williams was in Guatemala, his wife oversaw the construction of a new family home in East Knoxville, now known as the Colonel John Williams House.  The house is still standing, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Williams' son, Joseph Lanier Williams, served three terms in the U.S. House of Representatives (1837 to 1843). Another son, John Williams II, was a prominent pro-Union leader during the Civil War, and served as vice president of the East Tennessee Convention, which sought to create a separate, Union-aligned state in East Tennessee.  John Williams was the great-grandfather of Admiral Richmond P. Hobson, and the great-great-grandfather of noted playwright, Tennessee Williams.


Mindanao Post

The Mindanao Post is a newspaper has published and edited every Wednesday with general circulation in the whole Mindanao, with editorial and business address located at Blk. 16, Lot 3, SIR New Matina, Davao City.


Al Mufrihat

Al Mufrihat is a village in Al Madinah Province, in western Saudi Arabia.


Barbara Tate

Barbara Tate (2 June 1927 – 12 November 2009) was a British artist and writer, perhaps best known for her bestselling book West End Girls, which was published shortly after her death.

Career in Art
Born in Uxbridge as Barbara June Peddle, her father Charles Jonathan Peddle (1895-1973) was a carpenter and lorry-driver; a violent man, he once tied a noose around her neck when she was aged 3 and balanced her on her toes until rescued hours later when her mother came home. Abandoned soon after by her mother Elsie Irene (née Williams) (1904-1973), she was brought up by her maternal grandparents. In 1944 aged 17 she won a scholarship to Ealing School of Art.

In 1972 Tate became a member of the Society of Women Artists (SWA). She was the organisation's President from 1985 to 2000 and later became an Honorary President. The SWA bestows the Barbara Tate Award annually in her memory. Her paintings were awarded gold and silver medals from the Paris Salon and the Grand Prix de la Cote d'Azur. She was also a member of the Society of Botanical Artists and the Royal Society of British Artists. In 1993 she was appointed an Honorary Professor of Thames Valley University. She married fellow artist James Tate in 1951 and had a family.

West End Girls
Her book West End Girls (2010) outlined her life as maid from 1948 to 1950 to Fayn Nicholson (1918-1977) ('Mae Roberts' in the book), a prostitute in London's then notorious Soho district. Nicholson/Roberts was murdered by being burned to death in her London flat in 1977. The manuscript was actually completed in 1977 but Tate withheld publication for 32 years believing her former occupation might embarrass her family. The book became The Times Bestseller. In 2012 it was also adapted into the play West End Girls by Circa Theatre in New Zealand.


Rund um Düren

The Rund um Düren is a cycling road race held in mid-April in Germany. The event, ranked at 1.2 on the UCI European calendar, is contested around the city of Düren. Prior to 1996 it was an amateur event.

Winners

External links
 Official site


Shadow Hearts (video game)

Shadow Hearts is a role-playing video game developed by Sacnoth for the PlayStation 2. Published in Japan by Aruze in 2001, it was published internationally by Midway Games in the same year (North America) and 2002 (Europe). The titular first game in the Shadow Hearts series, it acts as a sequel to the 1999 video game Koudelka, being set in the same world and featuring recurring characters.

The story of Shadow Hearts is set in 1913 and follows Yuri Hyuga, a human with the ability to capture and transform into monsters, as he protects Alice Elliot from the machinations of an evil magician. During gameplay, the player controls Yuri as he explores various locations. During battle, a party of up to three characters can be controlled, with actions in battle relying on a timing-based system dubbed the Judgement Ring. The game's worldview combines alternate history with elements of Lovecraftian horror.

Development began following the completion of Koudelka in 1999. Koudelka art director Matsuzo Machida acted as director and wrote the game's scenario, inspired by the works of H. P. Lovecraft and the manga Devilman by Go Nagai. The Judgement Ring drew inspiration from fighting game mechanics and Aruze's pachinko machines. Composer Yoshitaka Hirota combined multiple genres and described the score as "beautiful yet destructive". Upon release, the game met with low sales and a mixed reception. Journalists praised the story and Judgement Ring mechanic, but many found faults with the gameplay balance and criticised the graphics. A sequel, Shadow Hearts: Covenant, was released in 2004.

Gameplay

Shadow Hearts is a role-playing video game (RPG) where players take control of main protagonist Yuri Hyuga and a party of companions as they progress through a linear storyline. The players travel through a variety of pre-rendered environments, collecting and buying items and equipment, talking to non-playable characters who act as quests givers and merchants, and completing both story-centered quests and side quests.

The game's turn-based battles are triggered through random encounters and transport the party to a themed battle arena. The party can use standard attacks, magical abilities unique to each character, use items that have different effects (healing, curing status ailments), defend against attacks, or escape from battle. Each character has hit points (health), skill points (magic), and sanity points (SP). SP ordinarily decrease once per turn, and when a character runs out of SP they go berserk and cannot be controlled by the player. Successfully completing each battle rewards experience points which raise character attributes, money to purchase equipment and items, and Soul Energy used in Fusion.

Fusion is a skill unique to Yuri. When enough Soul Energy has been collected, Yuri can fight a monster type in the Graveyard, a metaphysical realm within his soul. By defeating a monster in the Graveyard, Yuri gains control over it, and is able to transform into it during battle. While in Fusion form, Yuri has access to the assigned monster's statistics and abilities. Performing a Fusion drains Yuri of some SP. As he gathers Soul Energy, Yuri also accumulates an energy called Malice, which will eventually summon a powerful enemy if it is not dispelled by battling an avatar of Malice in the Graveyard.

An integral part of gameplay is the Judgement Ring, which is used both in battle and during environmental quick-time events and shopping. Represented as a disc with colored areas on its surface, the player's aim is to hit those areas as a pointer passes over them. In battle, every attack and ability is tied to the Judgement Ring. If the player fails to hit an area, the attack can either be cut short or cancelled altogether. The final portion of each target area is red, and if the player hits it the attack or skill is boosted in power. Items, spells and equipment can modify the Judgement Ring, ranging from slowing the pointer's speed and adjusting the size of hit areas, to shrinking the ring or hiding hit areas.

Synopsis

Setting and characters
Shadow Hearts is set in an alternate reality, taking place during 1913 and 1914 and mingling historical events and people with supernatural elements including divine beings and cosmic horror. The story takes place across China and Europe, with particular locations including Shanghai and London. A separate supernatural location is the Graveyard, a realm in protagonist Yuri Hyuga's soul tied to his abilities. The narrative of Shadow Hearts connects to the events of Koudelka, taking place after the latter's "Bad" ending.

The leads of Shadow Hearts are Yuri Hyuga, a Harmonixer capable of absorbing the souls of monsters and shapeshifting into them; and Alice Elliot, a young exorcist who helped her father banish harmful spirits. On their journey, they are joined by the sage Zhuzhen Liu, an expert in the magic of Yin and yang; Margarete Gertrude Zelle, an infamous spy and bomb expert; Keith Valentine, a centuries-old vampire who isolates himself from the outside world; and Halley Brancket, a street urchin and gang leader from London who possesses powerful magical abilities.

The main antagonist is initially introduced as "Roger Bacon"; his true identity is Albert Simon, a former Cardinal who achieved immortality and wields dark powers. The secondary antagonist is Dehuai, a powerful sorcerer obsessed with obtaining power over a dark god. Yuri's party are pursued by Japanese Army Lieutenant Yoshiko Kawashima and her subordinate Kato. Returning characters from Koudelka include its titular protagonist Koudelka Iasant, a gypsy medium and mother of Halley; and the true Roger Bacon, a 12th century philosopher who achieved imperfect immortality.

Plot
Following her father's murder, Alice is forced to accompany a Japanese escort to Shanghai. While on the train, Alice's escort is slaughtered by Simons, who uses the name "Roger Bacon". Alice is saved by Yuri, who accompanies her due to the voice in his head and the two are joined by Zhuzhen and Margarete. During their journey to Shanghai, they are hunted by the Japanese army and Dehuai, who each want to control both China and the powerful Alice. Simons works in the background, furthering his own agenda. Yuri is secretly aided by Kawashima and Kato, who initially serve Japan but later secretly side with the group. Shortly after their arrival in Shanghai, Alice is kidnapped by Dehuai, who intends to use her powers in a forbidden summoning ritual which will destroy Japan and give him dominance over Eurasia.

The group storms Dehuai's base with help from Kawashima and Kato, resulting in Kawashima's death. The group defeats Dehuai, but Simons prevents them from halting the summoning, which brings an apocalyptic being called the Seraphic Radiance. Yuri attempts to Fuse with the Seraphic Radiance, but is consumed by its energy and runs berserk, starting a massive fire in the city. Six months later, the group is still searching for Yuri, who is eventually revealed to be in Keith Valentine's castle. As Yuri had been driven insane by the Seraphic Radiance, Alice goes into his soul to save him; this links her to Yuri's Malice and means the Graveyard will eventually claim her life. Alice then helps Yuri reconcile his fears of his heritage, and the two form a romantic attachment. Keith opts to join the group, and Margarete finds a lead to Simons' location in London. They run into Halley, whose mother Koudelka—the voice in Yuri's mind—was taken to an asylum and is being tortured by Simons in an attempt to use her powers to fulfil his plans after Alice escaped.

The group attempt a rescue, but Simons incapacitates them. To save her son, Koudelka allows Simons to take her, revealing his true identity to the group before they leave. Pursuing them to Nemeton Monastery in Wales, the group meet the real Roger Bacon. Bacon reveals Simon's past as an idealistic disciple who was condemned and imprisoned by the Church for his progressive views; taking the name "Bacon" to spite his former master, Simons seeks to remake the world by summoning an extraterrestrial deity. To summon the deity, Simons needed the powers of either Alice or Koudelka to activate the Float, a stronghold built by a pre-human civilization which acts as a beacon for the deity. Cornering Simons, the group fail to prevent him raising the Float. They are teleported aboard the Float by Bacon, first defeating Simons, then being transported by the dying Simons to defeat the deity before it can reach Earth.

Following the deity's defeat, the group go their separate ways; Zhuzhen returns to China, Keith to his castle, Margarete to an unknown location on a new assignment, and Halley with Koudelka to find his father in America. Alice's fate varies depending on the player's actions following Yuri's return. In the "Good" ending, unlocked by completing a specific side quest before the final battle, Yuri helps Alice defeat the Graveyard's ruling spirit Atman and saves her soul, allowing them to return together to her family in France. In the "Bad" ending, Alice's life is claimed by Atman and she dies as she travels with Yuri to France. Both endings conclude with a narration of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heralding the opening of World War I.

Development
Shadow Hearts began development at Sacnoth for the PlayStation 2 (PS2) following the completion of Koudelka for the PlayStation in 1999. The game was directed and written by Matsuzo Machida (credited as Matsuzo Itakura), who had acted as art director for Koudelka. The producer was Sacnoth CEO Jun Mihara. The characters were designed by Miyako Kato. The concept behind Shadow Hearts was to create a grand RPG outside the typical fantasy worlds of the genre. According to Kazuo Okada, president and CEO of publisher Aruze, the game was intended to revive the RPG genre. Sacnoth had set out to create a good game more than make a profit. The Judgement Ring was inspired by the button combinations of beat 'em ups, although that genre's complex combinations were replaced by timed presses of a single button. Another source of inspiration was Aruze's pachinko machines. The Fusion system was created after the game's monsters had been designed. Itakura wanted to make more use of them, and designed the Fusion system to make use of the models and distinguish the game further from other RPGs.

For character models, the team created two types; a high detail version for CGI cutscenes and a low detail version for gameplay and real-time cutscenes. Yuji Nagano, head of the movie team, decided to give cutscenes an unreal feeling to them. Nagano was a novice at creating models for anything other than stiff or inorganic structures, making elements such as Alice's skirt in the CGI model a real challenge. To achieve the desired realistic effect without clipping, he used 130 bones for the skirt. There was little to no facial animation for real-time models, with emotions instead being expressed through body language. All the character models were animated by hand, with the team observing how people moved in their neighbourhood and doing their best to recreate particular movement patterns for each character. Fighting styles were copied from movies the team watched. Due to bone count restrictions, the movement range of enemies was limited, prompting the team to deliberately make them stiff and awkward as a way of characterizing them. The background environment designers made up the largest group within the Shadow Hearts development team, numbering eleven at its height. Research materials were bought at an early stage to ensure the backgrounds for urban areas matched their historical counterparts. Something the team needed to watch was the polygon and color counts, which had low restrictions for field graphics but a strict limit in battle arenas.

For his writing, Machida was influenced by mangaka Go Nagai and screenwriter Keisuke Fujikawa, in addition to unspecified bedtime stories told to him by his mother. The game's scenario was inspired directly by Nagai's manga Devilman, which impressed Machida in his youth due to its dark tone. Similar to the ambiguous tone of Devilman, Machida did not want the scenario's characters to be clearly divided between good and evil, with the villains having understandable or even laudable motives behind their actions. The historic setting was influenced by Machida's love of history and his wish to create a game set apart from the traditional Western fantasy dominating the genre. He spent a long time researching the historic political situations during the game's time period so he could be as authentic as possible, using NPCs to convey the social conditions of the time. Due to time constraints, several planned inclusions ranging from political figures to famous writers had to be dropped. The title "Shadow Hearts" represented the darker aspects of humans often ignored in fiction but useful in accomplishing real-life tasks.

Yuri was directly inspired by Devilman protagonist Akira Fudo, and was meant to contrast with the standard JRPG protagonist of the time; he struck a balance between the androgynous norm of Japan and the more muscular builds found in Western games, and his silly and sometimes stupid attitude both represented his purity and set his personality apart from other genre protagonists. A key scene used by Machida to demonstrate his abnormal elements was the opening movie, where Yuri has his arm severed then reattaches it. Simons was modelled on the character of Hannibal Lecter as portrayed in the movie The Silence of the Lambs. Kato's character designs were guided by Machida's scenario draft. Her design direction for Simons was "an elegant English gentleman". The monsters drew inspiration from creatures of H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos, putting them in contrast with the enemies of anime and movies of the time which were described by Machida as generic animal or prehistoric designs.

Music

The music of Shadow Hearts was composed by Yoshitaka Hirota, with additional contributions by Masaharu Iwata, Yasunori Mitsuda and Ryo Fukuda. Hirota wanted emulate Hiroki Kikuta's music for Koudelka, creating a score that was "beautiful yet destructive". The music combined elements of punk, new wave, industrial rock, techno, electronic rock and orchestra. The opening theme "Icaro", sung by the game's main vocalist Kyoko Kishikawa, was completed quickly for an internal demo. The theme became symbolic of Yuri and Alice's romance. The ending theme "Shadow Hearts" was composed by Hirota and sung by Hiroko Kasahara, with lyrics in English and Japanese by James H. Woan. Machida and Mihara respectively contributed to and were influenced by Hirota's work during production. A 2CD soundtrack album for the game, Shadow Hearts Original Soundtrack Plus1, was published by music label Scitron Digital Contents on June 18, 2001.

Release
Shadow Hearts was first announced in January 2001. The game was the first RPG published by Aruze. The game was among several notable PS2 games exhibited at the March 2001 Tokyo Game Show, alongside Final Fantasy X and Devil May Cry. The game was released on June 28, 2001. An official guidebook was published in July of that year by Enterbrain.

For its Western release, Shadow Hearts was published by Midway Games. The game was localized for Western release by Wordbox, with dubbing by TAJ Productions. Unlike Koudelka, which used English voice work across all regions, the original game was dubbed into English from Japanese with subtitles for different regions. The translation was done by Jeremy Blaustein, who had previously worked on the Pokémon anime series, Valkyrie Profile and Metal Gear Solid. During localization, Yuri's first name was changed from "Urmnaf". Blaustein chose "Yuri" as he wanted a name that sounded Russian to reflect the character's origins. Shadow Hearts launched in North America on December 12, 2001. In Europe, the game released in March 29, 2002.

Reception

By the end of 2001, Shadow Hearts had sold nearly 104,000 units, being among the top 100 best-selling games of that year in the region. By the end of their 2001-2002 fiscal year, Aruze announced that the game had sold approximately 110,000 units in Japan; its low sales, together with underperformance of other titles, contributed to a loss within its console game division. According to review aggregate site Metacritic, the game was given a score of 73 out of 100 based on 24 reviews, indicating "mixed or average" reviews.

The gameplay saw a mixed response from many critics. Japanese gaming magazine Famitsu called the game an RPG that felt more "complete" than most others in the genre and positively commented on the battle system. Paul Davies of Computer and Video Games enjoyed the gameplay challenge and additional mechanics such as the Fusion system. Gaming magazine GamePro enjoyed the combat system but found the experience overly linear. GameSpots Gerald Villoria was impressed by both the battle system's mechanics and the integration of character statistic systems such as Malice. Dean Mortlock of Official UK PlayStation 2 Magazine enjoyed the gameplay and its simplicity despite a lack of innovation. RPGFans Mike Bracken noted that—aside from the Judgement Ring mechanic—Shadow Hearts followed too many traditions of the RPG genre. David Smith of IGN was less pleased, with one of his main complaints being its slow pace. The Judgement Ring was generally praised by critics, although both Villoria and Smith noted both real and potential frustrations with its use.

The story and characters were generally praised. Famitsu praised the "rich" personalities of the cast. Davies lauded the game's tone and style compared to most other RPGs at the time. By contrast, GamePro found the plot "predictable" and saw it as one of the game's only notable faults. Villoria called the plot "at once comical, scary, and most of all, exciting", praising the world design and characters. Smith felt that the story—while generally well-written and enjoyable—was negatively impacted by the game's sluggish pace. Mortlock called the narrative both "brain-crippling" and "interesting". Bracken gave praise to the characters and writing. The English voice acting was faulted by several critics.

Reviewers often found the graphics lacking. While Famitsu praised their quality, the reviewers felt that the character animations lacked polish. GamePro was similarly positive the graphics while feeling they fell short compared to other RPGs of the time. Bracken said the graphic quality was comparable to that of Koudelka when the latter game released, noting that it still fell short compared to other recent games. Davies negatively compared its graphics to the upcoming Final Fantasy X. Both Villoria and Smith praised the art direction and real-time character models; recurring criticisms were the less refined CGI models and low-detailed environment backgrounds. The game's music was praised, by contrast, was met with general praise.

Sequels

Following the release of Shadow Hearts, Sacnoth was rebranded as "Nautilus", continuing to work on both the Shadow Hearts series and Aruze's pachinko business. Their next game, Shadow Hearts: Covenant, was released in 2004 and acted as a direct sequel to the normal ending of Shadow Hearts, continuing Yuri's adventures. Much of the team later worked on the 2005 spin-off title, Shadow Hearts: From the New World. From the New World was the last game produced by the Sacnoth team before their eventual absorption into Aruze and ending of their game development duties.

Notes


Medvednica Fault Zone

The Medvednica Fault Zone is a fault zone in northern Croatia. It is named after the mountain Medvednica. The fault zone strikes ENE-WSW and is seismically active. The movements along the fault are sinistral and connected to the counterclockwise movements of the Adriatic plate. The fault also shows signs of thrusting.


Do Abi-ye Olya

Do Abi-ye Olya (, also Romanized as Do Ābī-ye ‘Olyā; also known as Do Ābī-ye Bālā) is a village in Miankuh Rural District, Chapeshlu District, Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 197, in 43 families.


Persian mysticism

Persian mysticism, or the Persian love tradition, is a traditional interpretation of existence, life and love, reliant upon revelatory and heart-felt principles in reasoning. Though partially sourced from the mystical Zoroastrian traditions of the Persian Empire, in its contemporary practical aspects it is now synonymous with sufism in contemporary Iran.

Thought
Persian mystical thought has been analysed critically by Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub, Abdolkarim Soroush, and Dariush Shayegan. In Ghazzali, one can witness the fear-based mysticism in its most detailed and eloquent form; in Rumi, one can find love-based mysticism; in Hafiz the pleasure-based mysticism. Under Rumi's influences, Abdolkarim Soroush is currently working on power-based or epic mysticism.

Music
Shahram Nazeri
Davood Azad

Medieval Persian mystical figures
Rumi
Hafiz
Farid al-Din Attar
Saadi
Baba Taher
Najmeddin Kubra
Shams Tabrizi
Bayazid Bastami
Abul-Hassan Kharaqani
Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi
Mansur Al-Hallaj
Omar Khayyám(philosophic Mysticism)
Jami

Modern art and the Persian mystical tradition
Persian mysticism has a significant impact on Iranian modern art.

World experts in Persian mysticism
Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub
Abdolkarim Soroush
Darius Shayegan


State of Flow

State Of Flow is the Swedish punk group No Fun at All's fourth album, released on 25 April, 2000.

Music by Mikael Danielsson, Krister Johansson, Kjell Ramstedt and Stefan Neuman.
Lyrics by Ingemar Jansson.

Track listing
 "Celestial Q&A"
 "Waste Of Time"
 "Second Best"
 "Stumble And Fall"
 "Not In The Mood"
 "My Extraordinary Mind"
 "FM Vanity"
 "Joe Delord"
 "Perfect Sense"
 "Lessons Never Learned"
 "The Slanderous Clientele"
 "ESDS"
 "Time Machine" (Bonus track on Japanese version, Sadistic Mika Band cover)