Cape Davis

Cape Davis () is a rounded ice-covered cape along the north coast of Edward VIII Plateau,  east of Magnet Bay. It was discovered on 12 January 1930 by the British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition (BANZARE) under Mawson, who named it for Captain John King Davis, Director of Navigation under the Commonwealth Government and ship's captain and second in command of BANZARE.


Hafner Rotabuggy

The Hafner Rotabuggy (formally known as the Malcolm Rotaplane) and as the "M.L. 10/42 Flying Jeep" was a British experimental aircraft that was essentially a Willys MB combined with a rotor kite, developed with the intention of producing a way of air-dropping off-road vehicles.

Design and development
It was designed by Raoul Hafner of the Airborne Forces Experimental Establishment (AFEE) after their development of the Rotachute enjoyed some success.

The prototype was built by the R. Malcolm Ltd (also producer of the Malcolm hood) at White Waltham in 1942. Air Ministry specification 10/42 for a "Special Rotating Wing Glider" was used to identify the project.

Initial testing showed that a Willys MB could be dropped from heights up to  without damage to the vehicle. A  diameter rotor was attached, along with a tail fairing and fins, but no rudders. Two men were required to pilot the aircraft: one to drive it as an automobile, and one to pilot it in the air using a control column. Initially it was named the "Blitz Buggy", but that was soon dropped for the "Rotabuggy".

The first trial was conducted on 16 November 1943, with the unit being towed behind a Diamond T lorry, but the lorry could not get enough speed to put the Rotabuggy in the air. A more powerful vehicle, a supercharged 4.5 litre Bentley automobile, was used on 27 November to finally allow the machine to become airborne and in test could obtain glide speeds of 45 mph. Later tests were made towed behind an Armstrong-Whitworth Whitley bomber.

Although initial tests showed that the Rotabuggy was prone to severe vibration at speeds greater than , with improvements the Rotabuggy achieved a flight speed of  on 1 February 1944. The last test flight occurred in September 1944, where the unit flew for 10 minutes at an altitude of  and a speed of , after being released by a Whitley bomber, and was described as "highly satisfactory". However, the introduction of gliders that could carry vehicles (such as the Waco Hadrian and Airspeed Horsa) made the Rotabuggy superfluous and further development was cancelled.

A replica of the Rotabuggy can be found at the Museum of Army Flying in Middle Wallop. Hafner also came up with the idea of a similarly outfitted "Rotatank" using a Valentine tank, but that was never built.

Specifications


Lovedean

Lovedean is a village in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is 1.4 miles (2.2 km) west of Horndean.

The nearest railway station is Rowlands Castle, 2.8 miles (4.6 km) southeast of the village. Although this is the nearest it is not readily accessible by public transport, for public transport the best is Cosham

The village of Lovedean is situated around the main road Lovedean Lane, situated at the bottom of the valley after which it is named. Dean is from the old English word Denu, meaning valley. [The name Lovedean derives from a marriage in 1594 when Isabel Norton married Thomas Loveden , and included in the dowry was part of the Manor of Catherington plus an area known as the Manor of Lovedean]

Lovedean Village Hall is well used, there were two pubs, The Green Dragon which closed December 2011,  and became a Tesco Express March 2012, and The Bird in Hand The Bird in Hand is owned by the same company that runs the Hurdles, a similar pub in Droxford as well as a few shops.  Lovedean is home to Woodcroft Primary School and has a sizeable 400 kV electrical substation.

Lovedean is described as a "manor of Catherington" on the British History Online website here

External links


Cantharellus guyanensis

Cantharellus guyanensis is a tropical South American species of mushroom-forming fungus in the chanterelle genus (Cantharellus), first described by Camille Montagne from French Guiana in 1854.

It has since also been found in Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and Brazil. The fruit bodies have a bright orange cap colour and occur in medium- to large-sized troops. C. guyanensis seems to prefer sand-rich soil and forms ectomycorrhiza with a putatively wide range of host trees and shrubs including Coccoloba, Guapira, and Neea. Its congeners Cantharellus aurantioconspicuus, C. amazonensis, and C. protectus, all described from Brazil, are similar species.

Although edible, C. guyanensis seems to be shunned by the Patamona people of Guyana who however use several other mushroom species occurring in their land. Known as "chanterelle de Guyane" in French, the species is presumably eaten in French Guiana.


Fiona

Fiona is a feminine given name. The name arose in Scotland and Ireland but has also become popular in England. It can be considered either a Latinised form of the Gaelic word fionn, meaning "white", "fair". or an Anglicisation of the Irish name Fíona (derived from an element meaning "vine"). The Scottish Gaelic feminine name Fionnghal (and variants) is sometimes equated with Fiona.

Fiona was the 49th most popular name for baby girls born in 2008 in Germany. Fiona was tied for third place in the ranking of most popular names for baby girls born in Liechtenstein in 2008. The name was the 347th most popular name for girls born in the United States in 2008, where it has ranked among the top 1,000 most popular names for girls since 1990 and among the top 500 since 1999. The name Fiona has been particularly popular for girls of Asian or Pacific Islander descent in New York City, where Fiona ranked as the ninth most popular name for girls from those groups in 2007.

Notable people with this name
Fiona (singer), singer, born Fiona Flanagan
Fiona Alpass, New Zealand academic
Fiona Apple, American singer
Fiona Balfour, Australian business executive in the field of information technology
Fiona Bloom, publicist
Fiona Bruce, BBC presenter
Fiona Fairhurst, inventor of the Speedo Fastskin swimsuit
Melanie Fiona, Canadian singer
Fiona Fullerton, English actress
Fiona Fung Hong Kong singer
Fiona Gubelmann, American actress
Fiona Hammond, Australian water polo player
Fiona Hill, British-American foreign affairs specialist
Fiona McLeod Hill, British political adviser
Fiona Kennedy, Scottish singer
Fiona Krautil (born 1956), Australian specialist in inclusion, diversity and equal opportunity in the workplace
Fiona J. Mackenzie, Scottish Gaelic singer
Fiona Mactaggart, British politician
Fiona May, English-Italian athlete and actress
Fiona McFarlane, Australian author
Fiona Millar, British author and journalist
Fiona O'Donnell, Scottish politician
Fiona O'Driscoll, Irish camogie player
Fiona O'Loughlin (comedian), Australian stand-up comedian
Fiona O'Loughlin (politician), Irish politician
Fiona O'Malley, Irish politician
Fiona O'Shaughnessy, Irish actor
Fiona O'Sullivan, Irish footballer
Fiona Onasanya, British Labour Party politician and Member of Parliament for Peterborough
Fiona Phillips, British journalist and broadcaster
Fiona Pitt-Kethley, British poet, novelist and journalist
Fiona Richmond, English glamour model
Fiona Ritchie, American broadcaster
Fiona Robinson, Australian basketball and handball player
Fiona Shaw, Irish actress
Fiona Sit, Hong Kong Cantonese singer
Fiona Staples, comic book artist
Fiona Watt (author), British children's author
Fiona Xie, Singaporean television actress

Fictional characters
 Princess Fiona, the female lead and a major character of the Shrek franchise
 Fiona, stepmother of Sam Montgomery in the 2004 film A Cinderella Story
 Fiona in Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events
 Fiona, a character in Dead or Alive Xtreme Venus Vacation
 Fiona in the movie Eurotrip
 Fiona, main character in the film Josie and the Pussycats
 Fiona in Kid vs. Kat
 Fiona (see Fiona and Charles), one of the regular characters in Round the Horne
 Fiona, main character in the television series So Weird
 Fiona, a main player-character from the Tales from the Borderlands video game
 Fiona, the closest friend of Jonas in Lois Lowry's novel The Giver
 Fiona, a playable character in the Free-to-play game Vindictus
 Fiona of Fort Weyr, Telgar Weyrwoman in Dragon's Time by Anne and Todd McCaffrey
 Fionna the Human, the gender-swapped version of Finn the Human in the Adventure Time episode "Fionna and Cake"
 Fiona/Black Fairy in Once Upon a Time
Fiona Belli, protagonist in the game Haunting Ground
Fiona Carter in the BBC show Spooks
 Fiona Cat, Huckle Cat's mother from The Busy World of Richard Scarry
Fiona "Fee" Cleary, matriarch of the Cleary family in the novel and mini-series The Thorn Birds
 Fiona Conneely, main character in The Secret of Roan Inish
Fiona Coyne in the Canadian television series Degrassi: The Next Generation
 Fiona Fennec, a character in the comic Kevin and Kell
 Fiona Flagstaff, character/spinosaurus in Dino Squad
Fiona Fox in the Sonic the Hedgehog comic books by Archie Comics
Fiona Gallagher in the television drama Shameless
Fiona Glenanne in the television show Burn Notice
Fiona Goode, character in American Horror Story: Coven
 Fiona Hackworth in the book The Diamond Age
 Fiona Kerr, a "notorious wet" in the novel The Passion Flower Hotel
 Fiona Elisi Linette in the anime series Zoids
 Fiona Maxwell, one of the main characters in Australian author John Marsden's 1993 novel Tomorrow, When the War Began
 Fiona Mayfield, a character in the video game series Arcana Heart
 Fiona McLaren, the main female character in the Broadway musical Brigadoon
 Lady Fiona McTarry, the alias of Agent Mimi in the James Bond spoof Casino Royale
 Fiona Pitch, aunt of Baz Grimm-Pitch in Rainbow Rowell's novel Carry On
 Fiona Volpe, an assassin in the film Thunderball
 Fiona Wallice (Dr. Fiona Wallice) in the television and web series Web Therapy
Princess Fiona, sorceress in the Chronicles of Amber novels

Other
Fiona (hippopotamus), first Nile hippo imaged on ultrasound pre-natally


XHBCC-FM

XEBCC-AM/XHBCC-FM is an AM-FM combo radio station in Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, broadcasting on 1030 kHz (a United States clear-channel frequency) and 100.5 MHz. It carries the La Mejor grupera format from MVS Radio and is owned by Aracely del Carmen Escalante Jasso.

The station became an AM/FM combo in 1994, as part of the first wave of AM/FM combo stations in various regions of Mexico.

XHBCC-FM is authorized for HD Radio.


Monark (disambiguation)

Monark is a Swedish bicycle, moped and motorcycle manufacturer.

Monark may also refer to:

Monark Equipment Corporation, a Filipino corporation
Monark Springs, Missouri, U.S.
Monark 540, a sailing yacht
Monark 606, a sailing yacht
International 806, also Monark 806, a sailing yacht
Swedish sailing vessel Monark, sunk in May 1940 by HMS Severn (N57)


Wootton, West Oxfordshire

Wootton is a village and civil parish on the River Glyme about  north of Woodstock, Oxfordshire. In recent years the village is sometimes referred to as Wootton-by-Woodstock to distinguish it from Wootton, Vale of White Horse, which was in Berkshire but was transferred to Oxfordshire in the 1974 local authority boundary changes. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 469.

The parish is bounded to the west partly by the River Glyme, to the north partly by a stream that joins the River Dorn, to the south-east by the course of Akeman Street Roman road, to the south-west by the pale of Blenheim Great Park and on other sides by field boundaries. It includes two deserted medieval villages: Dornford on the River Dorn, and Hordley on the River Glyme just downstream of the confluence of the Dorn and Glyme.

Parish church
The earliest parts of the Church of England parish church of Saint Mary are the nave, north aisle and lower part of the tower, all of which date from the first half of the 13th century, and the south porch, which is Early English.

In the 14th century the chancel and chancel arch were rebuilt and most of the windows in the building were replaced, all in a Decorated Gothic style. The upper part of the bell tower was added in the 15th century and the clerestory was added to the nave in the 16th century, each in a Perpendicular Gothic style.

The tower has a ring of six bells. Edward Hemins of Bicester cast the third, fourth and fifth bells in 1732 and the tenor bell in 1739. Abel Rudhall of Gloucester cast the second bell in 1749 and Mears & Stainbank of the Whitechapel Bell Foundry cast the present treble bell in 1923. St. Mary's has also a Sanctus bell that Thomas Rudhall cast in 1778.

The parish is now part of the benefice of Wootton with Glympton and Kiddington.

Economic and social history
The Domesday Book of 1086 records Wootten as the court of the hundred of Wootten. At the time of the Hundred Rolls in 1279 Hordley was recorded as having 19 households and  of land. By the early part of the 16th century this had declined to only five (adult) residents. The Gregory family had converted most of the farmland from arable to pasture which would have done much to reduce the village population. The house at Hordley Farm, about  southeast of Wootton, was built for the Gregory family in about 1500. It is arranged around three and a half sides of a quadrangle, possibly following the plan of an earlier medieval house on the same site. The kitchen fireplace and two of the doorways have four-centred arches that date from about 1500, and the north wing has two square-headed windows from the later 16th century. The ground-floor rooms have some 17th-century panelling. In 1750 the house was remodelled and a gazebo was built in the garden.

In 1787 the Rev. Charles Parrott, sometime vicar of Saham Toney in Norfolk, died leaving a bequest for a school to be founded and run in Wootton. Early in the 19th century further schools were added in Wootton, including one run by the rector. In 1836 a new building was completed to merge all education in the village into one school. The Rector, Rev. L.C. Lee, paid towards the cost of the site and gave capital and the income from several cottages to fund the new school. In 1942 it was reorganised as a junior school. It is now Wootton-by-Woodstock Church of England Primary School.

Wootton had two public houses until 2008, when the King's Head closed.

Amenities
The village has one public house, the Killingworth Castle Inn, which was built in 1637. It is now a gastropub that has won a Michelin Bib Gourmand and two AA rosettes. Wootton has also a village store.


Trillium cuneatum

Trillium cuneatum, the little sweet Betsy, also known as whip-poor-will flower, large toadshade, purple toadshade, and bloody butcher, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to the southeastern United States but is especially common in a region that extends from southern Kentucky through central Tennessee to northern Alabama. In its native habitat, this perennial plant flowers from early March to late April (depending on latitude). It is the largest of the eastern sessile trilliums.

Trillium cuneatum prefers to grow in rich soils in mostly upland woods, especially limestone soils but also at less calcareous sites. It is found at elevations of  and has three broad, mottled leaves surrounding a sessile, banana-scented flower. The petals are erect and either maroon, bronze, green, or yellow in color.

A few scattered populations of Trillium cuneatum can be found in Michigan and other more northern states, presumably due to anthropogenic effects. More recently, there have been dozens of citizen science observations in the eastern United States from Washington, D.C. to New York City.


Senner

The Senner or Senne is a criticallyendangered German breed of riding horse. It is believed to be the oldest saddle-horse breed in Germany, and is documented at least as far back as 1160. It is named for the Senne, a natural region of dunes and moorland in Nordrhein-Westfalen, in western Germany, and lived in feral herds there and in the Teutoburger Forest to the east.

It is a warmblood, and has been influenced at various times by Arab, Anglo-Arab, Thoroughbred and Iberian stock. It may have contributed to development of the Hanoverian.

History

The origins of the Senner are not known; many records of the history of the breed were destroyed by fire in 1945. Herds of feral horses in the Senne moorlands are documented in several Mediaeval sources, one of which dates from 1160. The Senne lay within the Principality of Lippe, and the horses were raised to provide mounts for the ruling Lippe family. The centre of breeding was at Detmold until 1680, when it was moved to the stables of the  near Augustdorf. The horses were kept all year round on the heathland of the Senne and in the neighbouring Teutoburger Forest. Numbers were never very high; the number of breeding mares averaged about forty. Breeding records were kept from the early years of the eighteenth century, and a stud-book started in 1713. There were four dam lines in the breed; only one of these, dating to 1725, survives.

From the late seventeenth century, some Arab blood was introduced; English Anglo-Arab and Thoroughbred blood was introduced towards the end of the eighteenth century. In the early twentieth century, after the First World War, there was some addition of Andalusian blood.

The Lopshorn castle was destroyed by fire in 1945. In 1946 the remaining Senner stock was dispersed to various owners. In 1999, some were introduced to the  nature reserve to assist in conservation grazing.

In 2007 the FAO listed the conservation status of the Senner as "critical". In the Rote Liste of the Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen, it is listed in Category I, "extremely endangered". In 2015 the total breeding population was reported at twenty-five head – nineteen mares and six stallions.

Characteristics

The principal coat colours are bay and grey; black and chestnut also occur. Some horses show primitive markings including a dorsal stripe and zebra-striping on the legs.

Use

The Senner was bred principally as a riding horse, even in times when working horses were in demand; it was also used as a carriage horse. Senner stallions stood at the royal stud of Weil bei Esslingen in Baden-Württemberg and at the state stud of Lipizza in the Austrian Empire.

In modern times it may be used for competition or recreational riding.


Kataujpani

Kataujpani is a village development committee in Baitadi District in the Mahakali Zone of western Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,705 and had 634 houses in the town.


Ivonne Ortega Pacheco

Ivonne Aracely Ortega Pacheco (born November 27, 1972) is a Mexican politician from Yucatán affiliated with the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), former Governor of Yucatán and current federal deputy to the LXIII Legislature of the Mexican Congress. She is Yucatan's first elected female governor, although the second to serve, after Dulce María Sauri who served as interim governor from 1991 to 1994. She is the sixth woman to serve as governor of a Mexican state.

Political career
Ortega has occupied different positions inside the PRI of Yucatán. In 1998 she was elected municipal president (mayor) of Dzemul, Yucatán. In 2001 she served as local deputy in the Congress of Yucatán and in 2003 she was elected as a federal deputy representing Yucatán's Second District. In 2006 she was elected senator, to serve from 2006 to 2012, but she left that position after two months to run for Governor of Yucatán in the 2007 Yucatán gubernatorial election. Ortega won the election to serve as governor from 2007 to 2012 (the term was originally set to end in 2013 but a state reform was made to have the state election coincide with the 2012 presidential election in Mexico). She was inaugurated as governor on August 1, 2007.

Candidate for Governor
In 2006 she expressed her intention to be candidate of her party for Governor of Yucatán in the 2007 elections and asked permission to leave her duties as a senator. Her nomination was a surprise, because she had occupied the post of senator for only two months (with her alternate, Renán Cleominio Zoreda Novelo, sworn in on October 30), and faced candidates with more political career than her.

On December 4, 2006, the PRI's National Executive Committee was presented the results of the Consulta Mitofsky poll conducted between Ortega and 5 other candidates in the PRI party of Yucatán: Carlos Sobrino Sierra, Erick Rubio Barthell, Dulce María Sauri, Orlando Paredes Lara and Rubén Calderón Cecilio. Ortega was the most favored by the Yucatecans, and consequently was declared a candidate of unity with the agreement of the rest of the candidates. Again her victory was considered a surprise because the former interim governor Dulce María Sauri had been seen as the favorite. On January 13, 2007 she was sworn as the PRI candidate for the governorship of Yucatan.

On February 26 her candidacy was endorsed by the Ecologist Green Party of Mexico and the Alliance for Yucatan Party, which formed a three-party coalition with PRI for the 25 local deputations and 106 municipalities.

Federal deputy
The PRI placed Ortega Pacheco on its list for proportional representation federal deputies from the third electoral region in 2015, sending her to the Chamber of Deputies for the LXIII Legislature. She presides over the Communicaciones Commission and also sits on the Constitutional Points and Rules and Parliamentary Practices Commissions.

Electoral history

Alleged corruption

Unfinished hospital in Tekax, Yucatan
In February 2015 the ex governor of Yucatan Ivonne Ortega Pacheco was accused by the ex governor of Yucatan Patricio Patrón Laviada of deviating funds for the construction of a hospital in Tekax in the amount of at least 112 million Mexican pesos. Patrón Laviada started the construction of the hospital in 2006, with had an estimated cost of 52.07 million Mexican pesos. Leaving the hospital with a progress of 67%, Patrón Laviada left office in 2007, year in which Ortega Pacheco became governor of Yucatan. By 2010 governor Ortega Pacheco had spent more than 100 million Mexican pesos in the further construction of the hospital, which she never finished.

In 2016 the governor of Yucatán Rolando Zapata Bello made an investment of 80 million Mexican pesos in order to finish the hospital, which should start operations at the end of 2016.

Controversy

The Palace of Mayan Civilization: unfinished
The Palace of Mayan Civilization, conceived as the first piece of a “Mayan Disneyland” in Yucatan has been abandoned since 2012. About 90 million Mexican pesos were spent in the development of the project.

Located 11.5 kilometres of Pisté, the project had 520,000 square meters for its development. In the first stage a parking lot and the foundations for 5 building would be built. This stage counted with 70 million Mexican pesos of federal funds. The second and third stages would have had an estimated cost of 140 million Mexican pesos, but in 2012 the project was postponed until 2014, which already had a 50% progress. However, in November 2014, the 13 thousand square meters of construction, which started on December 21 of 2009, were abandoned and have started to be swallowed by the jungle.

Gran Museo del Mundo Maya: financial disaster
With a progress of 90%, the Gran Museo del Mundo Maya (Great Museum of the Maya World) was inaugurated in September 2012 by Ivonne Ortega Pacheco. The museum, one of Ortega Pacheco's main projects, proved to be a financial disaster.

Ortega Pacheco informed that the total cost of the building would be of 411 million Mexican pesos. However, the state government will have to pay for the construction and operation of the museum 4,643 million Mexican pesos during 21 years at a yearly rate of 221.1 million Mexican pesos, according to information based on official documents obtained by Mayaleaks.


Innogy Sporthalle

Innogy Sporthalle (formerly known as RWE Rhein-Ruhr Sporthalle or RWE-Sporthalle), is an indoor sports arena in Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. The arena is commonly used for badminton, boxing, and handball competitions. Its current name is part of partnership with German energy company Innogy, a subsidiary of RWE.

History
The first foundation stone was laid on 3 July 2003 and the construction time took 19 months. During the first month of opening, it hosted city-level indoor football championships, followed by German Open badminton championships. It also hosted some events of 2005 World Games.


Mallersdorf Abbey

Mallersdorf Abbey (Abtei or Kloster Mallersdorf) was formerly a monastery of the Benedictine Order and is now a Franciscan convent in  Mallersdorf-Pfaffenberg in Bavaria.

History
The monastery, dedicated to Saint John the Evangelist, was founded in 1107 by Heinrich of Kirchberg, a ministerialis of Niedermünster in Regensburg, and settled by monks from either the monastery of Michelsberg in Bamberg or St. Emmeram's Abbey in Regensburg.

Under Abbot Eppo (1122-1143) the reforming influences of the monasteries of St. Georgen im Schwarzwald and of Hirsau had a significant impact. At this time the community was subordinated to Otto I, Bishop of Bamberg and placed under the direct protection of Pope Innocent II (1130-1143). In 1136 Abbot Eppo dissolved the double monastery (i.e., including both men and women) which seems to have been there until that time; the women's convent was transferred to nearby Eitting. In the 12th century there was church building in the romanesque style, in the 13th a period of spiritual awakening, and in the 14th the reforms led by Kastl Abbey. In the mid 16th century the abbey narrowly escaped dissolution. The monastic grammar school enjoyed an excellent reputation.

The abbey was finally dissolved in 1803 during the secularisation of Bavaria. The assets and estates were auctioned off. The monastery buildings were used from 1807 as offices for local officials.

Since 1869 Franciscan sisters have lived at the site, and presently run the "Special Academy for Social Pedagogy of the Poor Clares of Mallersdorf" ("Fachakademie für Sozialpädagogik der Armen Franziskanerinnen Mallersdorf"). There is also a Realschule there.

In August 2014, it was reported that Sister Doris Engelhard, a nun at the abbey and a certified master brewer, was the last beer making nun in Europe.  She has been brewing beer at the abbey for over 40 years.  Brewing at the abbey was revived in 1881. On brewing days, she is excused from morning prayers and starts work at the abbey brew house at 3:30 a.m. Depending on the season, Sister Doris will brew a maibock, a doppelbock, a dark zoigl, or a copper-hued vollbier (lager).

Benedictine abbots and administrators of Mallersdorf

 Burkard (1109-1122)
 Eppo of St. Georgen (1122-1143)
 Emicho (1143-1157)
 Otto (-1172)
 Heinrich I (1180, -1194)
 Adelhoch (1194-1206)
 Dietrich (1206-1226)
 Gerung
 Meinwart
 Ulrich I (-1261)
 Heinrich II (1261-1273)
 Benedikt I (-1279)
 Hermann I (1279-1286)
 Heinrich III (1286-1295)
 Berthold I Vilser (1295-1301)
 Rudiger (1301-1320)
 Bernhard (1320-1327)
 Ulrich II Hintzheimer (1327-1352)
 Konrad von Ellenbach (1353-1356)
 Hermann II (1356-1370)
 Berthold II (1370-1380)
 Heinrich IV Neumarkter (1380-1390)
 Heinrich V Braitenacher (1391-1406)
 Friedrich von Haindling (1406-1410)
 Michel (1410-1413)
 Peter I Grumad (1413-1419)
 Johann I Seetaler (1420-1424)
 Michael I Bogenhauser (1424-1442)
 Peter II Marschalk (1443-1446)
 Johann II Wenderer (1447-1464)
 Andreas I Müllich (1464-1476)
 Erasmus I Perfelder (1476-1495)
 Michael II Eckhart (1495-1518)
 Erasmus II Haunsperger (1518-1538)
 Matthias Diernhofer (1538-1545)
 Johann III Chrysostomus Hirschpeck (1545-1548)
 Gregor Labermayr (1548-1556)
 Wolfgang Hueber (1556-1570)
 Paulus Röhrl (1571-1573)
 Erasmus Hösl (1573-1580)
 Markus Besch (1580-1587)
 Paulus Klocker (1587-1602)
 Eustach Sturm (1602-1619)
 Georg Eiszepf (1619-1630)
 Andreas Pichler (1630-1631)
 Benedikt II Wolf (1631-1661)
 Roman Edstadler (1661-1665)
 Anton Schelshorn (1665-1695)
 Maurus I Kübeck (1695-1723)
 Korbinian Stange (1723-1732)
 Heinrich VI Widman (1732-1758)
 Heinrich VII Madlseder (1758-1779)
 Gregor Schwab (1779-1795)
 Augustin Stielner (1795-1801)
 Maurus II Deigl (1801-1803)


Carpentarian dunnart

The Carpentarian dunnart (Sminthopsis butleri) also known as the Butler's dunnart with a puffy brown or mouse grey colour above and the underside of white, similar to its close relative the Kakadu dunnart. Head to anus length is 75-88mm with a tail of 72-90mm long for a total length of 147-178mm. Weight varies from 10-20g depending on a variety of factors including sex, food abundance, habitat etc.

Distribution and habitat
Found in the Northern Kimberley's near Kalumburu in Western Australia and Bathurst and Melville Island in the Northern Territory. Habitat consists of eucalyptus and melaleuca forest with sandy soils up to and including 20 km from the coast. Also present on the island of New Guinea. In New Guinea found in grasslands and savannah in west of the island.

Social organisation and breeding
May breed in the dry season but needs more study.

Diet
No information, but most likely insects and small vertebrates.


LDN (song)

"LDN" (shorthand for, and pronounced as, "London") is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter Lily Allen. It was co-written by Future Cut, and features a Colombian porro from the country's Caribbean coast. The song was originally released on strictly limited edition 7" vinyl (500 copies) in the UK on 24 April 2006, accompanied by album track "Knock 'Em Out", and was re-released in September following the huge success of Allen's first mainstream single "Smile".

The re-release peaked at number six on the UK Singles Chart. The song is used in the soundtrack of the film The Nanny Diaries, and in the trailer for Happy-Go-Lucky. This song was number 30 on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007. In 2008 the song was included in the soundtrack of the Mike Leigh film Happy-Go-Lucky.

Background
Regal Records gave Allen £25,000 in 2005, when she signed to the label, a fact which she considered to be a "small development idea". The money was to produce an album, though they were unable to provide much support for it due to their preoccupation with other releases. Taking advice from Lady Sovereign, Allen created an account on MySpace and began posting demos in November 2005. By March 2006, they attracted thousands of listeners, and 500 limited edition 7" vinyl singles of "LDN", one of the demos, were rush-released and sold for as much as £40. Thus the song became Allen's first single.

Allen also produced two mixtapes to promote her work. As she accumulated tens of thousands of MySpace friends, The Observer Music Monthly took interest.  Few people outside of her label's A&R department had heard of Allen, so the label was slow in responding to publications who wanted to report about her. Her label was displeased with the sound of the demos, so they assigned the singer to top producers and songwriters, who approved some of her songs for the album, Alright, Still. Among the songs that Allen claimed she was happy with was "LDN".

Composition

"LDN" is mobile phone text language for London. The lyrics are of Allen describing a bicycle ride through her hometown of London. Set to a cheerful tune, the lyrics first appear to describe an innocent scene, "A fella looking dapper, and he's sittin' with a slapper", but follow up revealing a less glamorous reality, "Then I see it's a pimp and his crack whore."

Several episodes from "city life" are described, suggesting that things may not be what they seem: "When you look with your eyes everything seems nice, But if you look twice you can see it's all lies."  However, Allen finds these sights "priceless", and asks (possibly sarcastically), "Oh why, oh why, would I wanna be anywhere else?" The lyrics might take part of their inspiration from William Blake's poem "London", which paints the city in a similar light.

"LDN" is composed in the key of F major (with its 5th interval played on Bass Guitar on the First Beat). The song is written in cut time and moves at 100 beats per minute. It features a guitar using a tonic-dominant chord progression. It samples "Reggae Merengue" performed by Tommy McCook and the Supersonics, which is based on Nestor Montes's "Cógeme la caña".

Music videos

There have been two music videos made for "LDN", the first being a low budget affair to promote the original 7" release and the second to promote the re-release.

The first version of the video, recorded in speed-up camera, follows Allen riding her bike through London. It depicts many positive aspects of London, showing her taking a friendly photograph with a police officer, greeting a passer-by, eating at an ice cream café and relaxing in the public park, seeing people playing and having fun. She then travels on the London Underground, getting off at Ladbroke Grove tube station, where she then rides the bike around the palace area (outside the gate) then through the streets.

The second version of the video opens with Allen in a record store called "Tough Grade" which is a play on Rough Trade, a record store in London at Talbot & Portobello Road. She asks the store manager for an eclectic piece of music – "punky electronica.. kind of grime....kind of like...new-wave grime...but kind of maybe like more broken beats, but kinda dubby broken beats...but a lil bit kind of soulful....but kind of drum'n'bassy, but kinda more broken drum'n'bass like more broken beats, but break beat kind of broken drum'n'bass. Kind of.... Do you know what I mean?". The song playing in the background is Allen's track, "Friend of Mine", taken from her debut album, "Alright, Still". Allen receives a phone call, from someone assumed to be her boyfriend, and arranges to meet him. She walks out of the store and walks through the downtown of London. While she walks through the street, she leaves a glowing trail of light behind her, in technicolor-like hues, and the town's atmosphere looks pleasant, fun and happy – however, as Allen moves forward the "reality" kicks in, as the scenery behind the hue transforms in sharp contrast in what it had been before, portraying litter, homelessness and violent crime in London, and the technicolour is washed out – for example, a magician's wand becomes a rusted nail, three gold coins turn into dog feces and a red sweet on the ground becomes a still-smoking cigarette butt. The video ends with Allen receiving another phone call; her boyfriend has decided not to come. Angry and unhappy, she storms away, and the vivid colour disappears to reveal the duller, more depressing reality of her surroundings.

Amy Winehouse's ex-husband, Blake Fielder-Civil, features in the music video trying to sell flowers to Allen.

Track listing

 UK CD1
"LDN" – 3:13
"Nan You're a Window Shopper" – 2:59

 UK CD2
"LDN" – 3:13
"Naïve" – 3:46
"LDN" (Warbox Original Cut Dub) – 3:55
"LDN" (Video) – 3:53

 Digital EP
"LDN" (Acoustic Live at Bush Hall) – 4:01
"LDN" (Wookie Remix) – 3:13
"LDN" (Crack Whore Riddim) – 5:14
"LDN" (Switch Remix) – 6:17
"LDN" (Warbox Original Cut Dub) – 3:54

 Digital Download
"LDN" – 3:13
"Nan You're A Window Shopper" – 2:59
"Naive" – 3:46
"LDN" (Acoustic Live At Bush Hall) – 3:17

7" Vinyl
"LDN" – 3:13
"Nan You're a Window Shopper" – 2:59

7" Vinyl – Limited Edition
"LDN" – 3:13
"Knock 'Em Out" – 2:54

Charts and certifications

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications


Stretford process

The Stretford process was developed during the late 1950s to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from town gas. It was the first liquid phase, oxidation process for converting H2S into sulfur to gain widespread commercial acceptance. Developed by Tom Nicklin of the North Western Gas Board (NWGB) and the Clayton Aniline Company, in Manchester, England, the name of the process was derived from the location of the NWGB's laboratories, in Stretford.

The process uses reduction-oxidation (redox) chemistry to oxidise the H2S into elemental sulfur, in an alkaline solution containing vanadium as an oxygen carrier.

The process earned the NWGB a Queen's Award to Industry in 1968. Although it was used in the gas industry for only a relatively short time, the process was licensed by the NWGB and used successfully in a variety of industries worldwide. At the height of its popularity during the 1970s there were more a dozen companies offering the Stretford technology. By 1987 about 170 Stretford plants had been built worldwide, and more than 100 were still operating in 1992, capable of removing 400,000 tons of sulfur per year. The first US plant was commissioned in 1971 at Long Beach, California, to process the gas from offshore oil wells.


University of Hawaii Marching Band

The University of Hawaiʻi Rainbow Warrior Marching Band is a marching band for the University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa.

History
The first band at the  University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa was established in 1923. The only university marching band in the state of Hawaii and the biggest student organization on campus performs pregame and halftime at all the Hawaiʻi Warriors football home games at Aloha Stadium, including bowl games, as well as pep band at home games for basketball and volleyball.

General information
The UH marching band consists of over 220 members. Under the direction of Adam Kehl, it is considered a one-credit graded course at the University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa. Students enrolled receive a tuition waiver, with rehearsals three days a week.
The band played at the 2008 Sugar Bowl.

Instrumentation includes approximately 19 flutes and piccolos, 10 clarinets, 30 alto/tenor saxophones, 20 French horns, 30 trumpets, 22 trombones, 10 baritones, 18 tubas, 30 percussion and 14 color guard


OR5B17

Olfactory receptor 5B17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR5B17 gene.

Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms.


Helle Thorning-Schmidt

Helle Thorning-Schmidt (; born 14 December 1966) is a retired Danish politician who served as the 26th Prime Minister of Denmark from 2011 to 2015, and Leader of the Social Democrats from 2005 to 2015. She is the first woman to hold each post. Following defeat in 2015, she announced that she would step down as both Danish Prime Minister and Social Democratic party leader. Ending her political career in April 2016, she is the chief executive of the NGO Save the Children.

Thorning-Schmidt served as a Member of the European Parliament for Denmark from 1999 to 2004 before being elected to the Danish Parliament in 2005. She was elected to replace Mogens Lykketoft as Leader of the Social Democrats after the 2005 parliamentary election, leading her party through the 2007 parliamentary election, which was won by the centre-right alliance, and the 2011 parliamentary election, after which she was appointed Prime Minister by Queen Margrethe II. Thorning-Schmidt holds degrees in political science from the University of Copenhagen and a graduate degree from the College of Europe.

Early life and education
Helle Thorning-Schmidt was born in Rødovre to Holger Thorning-Schmidt, a lecturer in mathematics and national economics at the University of Copenhagen, and his wife Grete. Her father was politically conservative and she grew up in the Copenhagen suburb of Ishøj. She attended Ishøj Gymnasium from which she graduated in 1985. Her parents divorced when she was 10 years old.

Thorning-Schmidt studied political science at University of Copenhagen, earning a cand.scient.pol. degree in 1994. She also holds a master's degree in European studies specialising in policy and public administration from the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium, where she studied from 1992 to 1993 (she is an alumna of the Charles IV promotion). At the time, Denmark had a quota administered by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of one student at this prestigious institution, and Thorning-Schmidt was selected. In addition to her native Danish, she speaks fluent English and French.

She became a social democrat during her studies in Belgium and joined the Social Democratic Party in 1993.

Early career in the European Parliament
From 1994 to 1997, Thorning-Schmidt led the secretariat of the Danish delegation of Social Democrats in the European Parliament. After her time in Brussels she worked as an international consultant with the Danish Confederation of Trade Unions until being elected MEP in 1999.

Thorning-Schmidt was elected to the European Parliament as a member of the Party of European Socialists. During the five-year term, she was a member of the Employment and Social Committee and served as a substitute on the Constitutional Committee. She co-founded the Campaign for Parliament Reform (CPR).

Member of the Folketing
In the 2005 Danish parliamentary election Thorning-Schmidt was elected to the Folketing.

Leader of the Social Democrats

After the defeat in the 2005 election, in which the Social Democrats lost five seats and failed to regain the majority it had lost in the 2001 election, former Minister of Finance and party leader Mogens Lykketoft resigned his post, taking responsibility for the poor election results. In his speech of resignation on election night, 8 February 2005, he called for a leadership election in order to determine who should lead the party into the next election.

Thorning-Schmidt campaigned for the party leadership as a moderate candidate and was elected by the party members on 12 April 2005, ahead of the other candidate, Frank Jensen. She led the Social Democrats in the 2007 election, in which her party suffered modest losses and was forced into a third term in opposition. The party was also unable to regain its position as the largest party in the Folketing.

She was against holding a referendum on the European Reform Treaty. During her 2007 campaign she promised to relax restrictions on asylum seekers and immigrants. She also opposed tax cuts announced by Anders Fogh Rasmussen, instead stating she would like to see more funding for welfare. The party also campaigned on a platform of combating increased inequalities in society, and fighting global warming by supplying 45% of Denmark's energy from renewable sources by 2025.

Although her party again lost two seats in the 2007 election reducing the total to 45 seats, her leadership was not questioned by her party. In June 2008, according to a Gallup poll, the opposition centre-left was at 49.8% compared to 49.6% for the centre-right. This would leave the centre-left with 88 seats, two short of a majority, discounting the Faroe Island and Greenland seats. Since late 2009 the opposition enjoyed large majorities in the polls, and according to polls carried out in January 2011 the opposition led the governing coalition under Lars Løkke Rasmussen by 5–7 points and the Social Democrats led Venstre by 7–10 points which would make the Social Democrats the largest party by far in the Folketing.

Both Margrethe Vestager (Social Liberal Party) and Villy Søvndal (Socialist People's Party) have pledged their support to Thorning-Schmidt after a potential election victory. After the last election Helle Thorning-Schmidt started working towards forming a centre-left government coalition consisting of the Socialist People's Party and the Social Liberal Party with parliamentary support from the small Red-Green Alliance. As the leader of the largest opposition party in Denmark, she was described by the media as the leader of the Danish opposition.

Appointment as Prime Minister

In the 2011 parliamentary election, she was re-elected to parliament. Although the ruling Liberal Party became the largest party and gained a seat and the Social Democrats lost a seat, the opposition parties combined obtained more seats than the government coalition. Her four-party bloc gained a majority of 89 seats in the 179-seat parliament against 86 for the sitting Prime Minister and his center-right parliamentary supporters. Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen formally tendered his resignation to Queen Margrethe on 16 September 2011. Rasmussen's cabinet remained in office as a caretaker government until 3 October, when Helle Thorning-Schmidt was appointed Prime Minister by the Queen following negotiations with the other opposition parties.

Prime Minister of Denmark

First Cabinet

Helle Thorning-Schmidt officially began her first term as Prime Minister on 3 October 2011, after having presented her cabinet to the Queen and having received her official appointment. Thorning-Schmidt has pursued a centrist compromise agenda, building several reforms with support from both sides of the Folketing. This has caused friction with the supporting Red-Green Alliance, which has been kept outside of influence.

Thorning-Schmidt presided over the successful conclusion of NATO's strike missions in Libya, to which Denmark was a contributor, less than three weeks after taking office.

During the first year in office her government rolled back anti-immigration legislation enacted by the previous government, and passed a tax-reform with support from the liberal-conservative opposition. The tax reform raised the top tax threshold, effectively lowering tax rates for high income earners. The aim of the tax reform has been to increase labour output to fend off a projected shortage within the next decades. The stated goal is to entice Danes to work more in order to compensate for the decreasing workforce, by lowering tax on wages and gradually lowering welfare payments to those outside of the labour market to increase the economic benefit of working relative to receiving welfare. Despite effectively lowering tax rates on high income earners, tax revenue continued to increase from 831,172 million Krone in 2011, to 901,001 million Krone in 2013, and eventually reached 954,473 million Krone in 2015 by the end of her time in office. These effective reductions were in line with the 2009 tax reforms of Anders Fogh Rasmussen, a Venstre prime minister preceding her, which is likely why she received liberal-conservative support.

On 9 August and 12 December 2013, amid tensions between coalition partners, Thorning-Schmidt made cabinet reshuffles.

Second Cabinet

On 30 January 2014, the Socialist People's Party announced their departure from Thorning-Schmidt's government due to a conflict over the proposed sale of DONG Energy shares to Goldman Sachs. Before departure, they also announced they will support Thorning-Schmidt although not being a part of her government.

Thorning-Schmidt led her party into the 2015 general election in which her party increased its share of votes and seats. However, the Social Liberals lost nine seats, leaving the left bloc without enough support to remain in office. Within an hour of the results being declared, she announced her resignation as both Prime Minister and leader of the Social Democrats.

Electoral history
Thorning has been the leader of the Social Democrats through seven electoral campaigns.

Life after politics

Since her retirement from Danish politics, Thorning-Schmidt has been serving as CEO of Save the Children (since 2016). In addition, she has held several paid and unpaid positions, including:

 Vestas, Member of the Board of Directors (since 2019)
 DBU's Women Commission to promote women's football in Denmark, Chairperson of the commission (since 2016)
 International Commission on Financing Global Education Opportunity (led by Gordon Brown), Member (since 2015)
 United Nations High-level Advisory Group for Every Woman Every Child, Member (since 2016)
 International Crisis Group, Member of the Board of Trustees (since 2016)
 Atlantic Council, Member of the International Advisory Board
 Scaling Up Nutrition Movement, Member of the Lead Group (since 2016, appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon)
 Berggruen Institute, Member of the 21st Century Council
 European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Member
 Center for Global Development, Member of the European Advisory Group
 Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Member of the Board
 Progressives Zentrum, Member of the Circle of Friends

Personal life
Thorning-Schmidt married Stephen Kinnock in 1996, becoming the daughter-in-law of Neil Kinnock, former leader of the British Labour Party and European Commissioner, and Glenys Kinnock, former British Minister for Europe. She met her husband while they were both attending the College of Europe. They have two daughters, Johanna and Camilla. Thorning-Schmidt lived in Copenhagen with their children, while her husband partly resided in Davos, Switzerland, where he worked as a director for the World Economic Forum. In 2014, he worked for London-based Xyntéo as managing director for the "Global Leadership and Technology Exchange", but was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Aberavon at the 2015 United Kingdom general election. The family have been living in Kilburn, London since Thorning-Schmidt became CEO of Save the Children, whilst also spending time at Kinnock's constituency in Port Talbot. Thorning-Schmidt is also a member of the British Labour Party, and has campaigned for her husband.

Having lost the Danish general election of 2015, Thorning-Schmidt stepped down as Prime Minister and as leader of the Social Democratic Party. It was announced that she would become her party's member of the Presidium of the Folketing, and she currently serves as the Presidium's 1st Vice-President. On 4 September 2015, Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen announced that the Danish government had nominated Thorning-Schmidt as Denmark's official candidate to the position as new United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

Religious beliefs
Although Thorning-Schmidt has been baptized into the Church of Denmark, she is not confirmed. She occasionally goes to church but does not believe in eternal life, salvation, heaven, or hell.

Tax affairs
The Danish tax authorities (SKAT) investigated reports that Thorning-Schmidt's husband, Stephen Kinnock, was guilty of tax evasion. Kinnock had declared that he was not a resident of Denmark and thus not subject to Danish taxes, while at the same time Thorning-Schmidt had declared, in an application for dispensation for Kinnock to own property in Denmark, that he resided in Denmark "every weekend of the year from Friday through to Monday".  Thorning-Schmidt attributed the discrepancy to a "big and sloppy error". On 16 September 2010, Danish tax authorities acquitted the couple and the charges of tax evasion were dropped.

A week before the 15 September 2011 elections to the Danish Parliament, the 2010 decision from SKAT (the taxation department) surfaced in the Danish tabloid B.T. The case had been leaked to the newspaper several months previously. It turned out that from 2000 to 2008 Thorning-Schmidt had made use of tax deductions applicable to her husband, even though he was not subject to Danish taxes and had no income in Denmark. The mistake was corrected by SKAT for the three years from 2006 to 2008, and Thorning-Schmidt paid the amount she had saved due to the error. She was however not required to pay the amounts saved for the six years from 2000 to 2005, because of the statutory time limit for liability in such cases.

In November 2011, the daily Politiken disclosed that the Tax Ministry deputy chief Peter Loft had attended several meetings attending to the Thorning-Schmidt case and had tried to insert comments into the final resolution text. This would be unlawful under Danish law as the Tax Ministry may not interfere with the decisions taken in individual tax cases. This set off a flurry of speculation in the press, as to whether there had been any political pressure from the then government to pursue a stricter course in the tax case. The Tax Minister in the new government, Thor Möger Pedersen, subsequently asked Peter Loft and the director of the revenue service's Copenhagen branch, Erling Andersen, to give a report on the happenings. On 2 December, Pedersen disclosed that he had found such big discrepancies in the two reports that he would set up a commission of inquiry to determine the actual course of events.

Further controversy erupted when two days later the tabloid daily, Ekstra Bladet, reported that they had also been offered the confidential information that was made public during the election campaign. The source of the leak was determined to be Peter Arnfeldt, spin doctor for then Minister for Taxation Troels Lund Poulsen. This led to intense media speculation that the former government, and specifically Troels Lund Poulsen, were engaged in leaking confidential tax information and trying to pressure the revenue service into changing its decision in the case, in an active attempt to discredit the opposition leader in the then imminent election. This would constitute a hitherto unseen level of abuse of power in Danish political life. The commission of inquiry that had already been announced two days previously, was broadly supported by the Danish Parliament to also look into whether the former government was involved in, or knew of, the leak. On the same day, Troels Lund Poulsen announced he would be taking an indefinite leave of absence from the Danish Parliament. Peter Arnfeldt has been reported to the police by the Ministry for Taxation. In March 2012, Peter Loft was suspended from his post as deputy chief, for the duration of the two-year investigation period.

Selfie controversy

In December 2013, Thorning-Schmidt, British Prime Minister David Cameron and US President Barack Obama faced criticism on social media that they had behaved inappropriately after posing for a "selfie" taken with Thorning-Schmidt's mobile phone during the memorial service for the former South African President Nelson Mandela. Defending her actions, Thorning-Schmidt said, "There were lots of pictures taken that day, and I just thought it was a bit fun. Maybe it also shows that when we meet heads of state and government, we too are just people who have fun." Cameron said he was being polite when Thorning-Schmidt asked him to take part in the picture. On a previous occasion, Thorning-Schmidt had stopped her car to ask for a picture with the actress Sarah Jessica Parker after spotting her signing autographs in Oslo.


West Harbour GO Station

West Harbour GO Station is a railway station in downtown Hamilton, Ontario, Canada on the Canadian National Railway line through the north end of the city. The station is on GO Transit's Lakeshore West line, and service began on July 9, 2015. The station is expected to be a stop on the A-Line, part of a rapid transit system being planned by Metrolinx. Via Rail service may eventually be provided.

Construction
The line is double tracked and was constructed west of James Street North with the platform running under the Bay Street and MacNab Street bridges. Construction is estimated to cost $3 million and phase one was completed on July 9, 2015, in time for the 2015 Pan American Games. Construction of phase two was proposed to begin in August 2015 after the games are over. Details were revealed May 31, 2013 by Ontario's Minister of Transportation.

Metrolinx announced on February 28, 2014 that Kenaidan Contracting of Mississauga had been awarded a $44-million contract to build the station. Work has already begun in clearing the site and the existing railway bed will be lowered so that double-decker trains can pass under bridges and a terraced retaining wall will be built along the steeply sloping south side of the site. Construction of the new station and multi-storey car park structure was expected to start in April 2014.

History

The neighbouring Hamilton Canadian National Railway Station, on the east side of James Street North at Murray Street, was built between 1929 and 1931.

The property is a National Historic Site and has been designated under the Federal Heritage Railway Stations Protection Act and under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act by City of Hamilton By-law 95-115. Portions of the building were protected by the Ontario Heritage Trust in 1999.

In 1967, GO Transit took over CN's commuter service between Toronto and Hamilton, and in 1978 all other CN passenger service was transferred to Via Rail.

In 1992 Via Rail closed its Burlington (formerly the GTR/CNR Freeman/Burlington Junction Station, built around 1910 and located near Brant Street), Hamilton and Dundas stations and consolidated service at the new Aldershot GO Station.

GO Transit closed the James Street station in 1993 and moved remaining service to the Hamilton GO Centre, one and a half kilometres directly south on James Street.

The Laborers' International Union of North America (LIUNA) bought and renovated the station, and in 2000 the station was reopened as LIUNA Station, an events centre with catering facilities for weddings, dances, and other special events.

Service
, West Harbour GO Station is served by four round trips per weekday, all Toronto-bound during the morning and returning during the afternoon. One of the trips operates between Niagara Falls and Toronto, while the others operate only between West Harbour and Toronto. The summer weekend GO train service between Niagara Falls and Toronto passes by West Harbour station without stopping.

The station is also served by Hamilton Street Railway (HSR) bus routes 4 Waterfront and 20 A-Line Express on James Street North.


Hermanus Willem Koekkoek

Hermanus Willem Koekkoek (7 January 1867, Amsterdam – 9 September 1929, Amsterdam)  was a Dutch painter, known for his military scenes. He was part of the famous family of painters, son of Willem Koekkoek and brother of Marinus Adrianus Koekkoek.

He was trained by his father, and lived and worked in Amsterdam, and from 1887 to 1891 and again from 1901 to 1920 in London.
Many of his paintings are on the subject of the Franco-German War of 1870/1 and the Boer War in South Africa. Preferably, he painted cavalry charges, but also the daily life of soldiers.


Inzar

Inzar was a political group created with the union of the Communist Movement of Galicia and the Revolutionary Communist League of Galicia. It was constituted as political party in 1991 linked to Izquierda Alternativa. In 1993 it was integrated in the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG), having always little political weight in the bloc.

Inzar had 234 members (2002) when it finally became a "collective" inside the BNG. Xesús Veiga Buxán, who was a MP in the Parliament of Galicia, was it most-recognized leader.

Inzar announced its self-dissolution in 2012.


Chana X70A

The Chana X70A or Oushang X70A is a midsize CUV produced by Changan Automobile under the Chana sub-brand.

Overview

The Chana X70A debuted on the 2017 Guangzhou Auto Show, and was launched on the Chinese auto market on January 27, 2018. Pricing for the X70A ranges from 59,900 yuan to 76,900 yuan slotting above the compact Chana CX70 and Chana CX70T. The exterior design was controversial as the styling heavily resembles the Land Rover Discovery Series IV.


Franco-Ontarian

Franco-Ontarians () are French-Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. They are sometimes also known in French as Ontarois. Approximately 1.3 million Ontarians reporting partial or full French ethnic origins. In the 2016 Canadian Census, only 568,335 people reported French as one of their mother tongues, and 348,280 Ontarians reported French as one of the primary languages they speak most often at home.

Franco-Ontarians constitute the largest French-speaking community in Canada outside Quebec, and the largest minority language group within Ontario. French is the fourth most common ethnic background in the province after English, Scottish and Irish. In the same census, more than 1.52 million Ontarians, or 11.49 per cent of the province's population reported having proficiency in the French language; with 11.2 percent of the population also reporting to be bilingual in French and English. However, these figure includes non-Franco-Ontarians, such as French second language speakers.

The francophone population is concentrated primarily in rural communities and cities in Eastern Ontario, and in Northeastern Ontario, although they can also be found in smaller numbers throughout the province. Ottawa, with 128,620 francophones, has the province's largest Franco-Ontarian community by size. Among the province's major cities, Greater Sudbury has the largest proportion of Franco-Ontarians to the general population at 29 per cent, and Timmins has the largest proportion among the smaller sized cities at 41 per cent. Prescott and Russell United Counties has the highest proportion of Franco-Ontarians to the general population among the province's census divisions, with about two-thirds of the population being francophone. A number of smaller communities in Ontario have a francophone majority. These include Hearst, Kapuskasing, Smooth Rock Falls, Embrun, St. Charles, Sturgeon Falls, Rockland, Casselman, Dubreuilville, Vankleek Hill and Hawkesbury. Other communities with notable francophone populations are Hamilton, Lakeshore, London, St. Catharines, Toronto, Windsor, Penetanguishene, and Welland.

Early settlement

The French presence in Ontario dates from the mid-17th century. Early settlements in the region include the Mission of Sainte-Marie among the Hurons at Midland in 1649, Sault Sainte Marie in 1668, and Fort Pontchartrain du Détroit in 1701. Southern Ontario was part of the Pays d'en-haut (Upper Country) of New France and was later part of the province of Quebec until Quebec was split into The Canadas in 1791. However, prior to the Articles of Capitulation of Quebec, which handed control of New France from France to Great Britain, modern-day Ontario had only very limited European settlement, apart from a few military forts. Modern Franco-Ontarians are instead descended primarily from people who moved to Ontario from Quebec or New Brunswick in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Franco-Ontarian identity
The concept of Franco-Ontarian as a distinct cultural identity emerged primarily in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Prior to this time, virtually all French Canadians were understood as a single unified cultural group regardless of which province they lived in; however, the Estates General of French Canada of 1966 to 1969 radically reshaped the landscape of French Canadian identity, pushing those in Quebec toward the new concept of a uniquely québécois identity. This caused what is sometimes labelled as a "rupture" with French Canadian minority communities elsewhere in Canada, who perceived Quebec's shift as an abandonment of the shared French Canadian identity, and were then forced to reconceptualize their own cultural identities in new ways.

Given that Quebec continues to exert a strong cultural influence on francophone minority communities in the rest of Canada, the actual depth of this "rupture" has been questioned by academics; however, it remains a prominent theme in contemporary cultural analysis of French Canadian identities, and in any case it was clearly in the early 1970s that a uniquely Franco-Ontarian cultural space began to emerge with the creation of new institutions and symbols.

The term Franco-Ontarian has two related usages, which overlap closely but are not identical: it may refer to francophone residents of Ontario, regardless of their place of birth, or to people of French Canadian ancestry born in Ontario, regardless of their primary language or current place of residence.

In popular usage, the first meaning predominates and the second is poorly understood. Although most Franco-Ontarians meet both definitions, there are notable exceptions. For example, although Louise Charron was the first native-born Franco-Ontarian appointed to the bench of the Supreme Court of Canada, she was preceded as a francophone judge from Ontario by Louise Arbour, a Quebecer who worked in Ontario for much of her professional career as a lawyer and judge. As a result, both women have been referred to as "the first Franco-Ontarian Supreme Court justice", although the technically correct practice is to credit Charron, Franco-Ontarian in both senses, with that distinction.

Conversely, two of the most famous rock musicians from Ontario, Avril Lavigne and Alanis Morissette, are Franco-Ontarian by the second definition but not by the first, since they were born to Franco-Ontarian parents but currently live outside Ontario and work primarily in English. Former Prime Minister Paul Martin was born in Windsor to a Franco-Ontarian father from Pembroke and an anglophone mother, although many Canadians consider him a Quebecer as he represented a Montreal riding in Parliament.

Both meanings can be politically charged. Using the second to the exclusion of the first may be considered offensive to some in that it excludes francophones born in or with ethnic origins from other countries, such as Haiti, the Congo or Tunisia, from the Franco-Ontarian community. Using the first to the exclusion of the second obscures the very real ethno-cultural distinctions that exist between Franco-Ontarians, Québécois, Acadians, Métis and other Canadian francophone communities, and the pressures toward assimilation into the English Canadian majority that the community faces. As a result, the complex political and sociological context of Franco-Ontarian can only be fully understood by recognizing both meanings and understanding the distinctions between the two.

The Franco-Ontarian identity is further split into three groups according to historical waves of settlement and immigration.  The first wave of settlement in the Detroit/Windsor area came in the 18th century, under French rule.  Most settlers then came from what is now Quebec, including both full French and Métis.  A second wave came in the 19th and early 20th centuries to the areas of Eastern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario.  This was an immigration wave, in the sense that Ontario was primarily British and mainly English-speaking, but the migrants can also be considered settlers, because they founded many villages or settled within already existing francophone communities.  In the Ottawa Valley, in particular, some families have moved back and forth across the Ottawa river for generations (the river is the border between Ontario and Quebec), which results in a complex borderland identity. In the city of Ottawa some areas such as Vanier and Orleans have a rich francophone heritage, with families often having members on both sides of the Ottawa River.

The third and most recent wave consists of Quebecers and other francophones (Haitians, Maghrebans, Europeans, etc.) who move to the larger cities and often preserve their original identity (Québécois, Haitian, etc.) as their primary cultural affiliation. Franco-Ontarians may also have historical ties to more than one of these three groups, which blurs the lines between these distinctions. Intermarriage between Franco-Ontarians and people of other ethnic or cultural backgrounds is also quite common.

The term "Ontarois", following the convention that a francophone minority is referred to with ending of -ois, is sometimes used to distinguish French-speaking Ontarians, while the general term for Ontarian in French is Ontarien.

Government

Although Ontario as a whole is not officially bilingual, the Ontario government's French Language Services Act designates 25 areas of the province where provincial ministries and agencies are required to provide local French-language services to the public. An area is designated as a French service area if the francophone population is greater than 5,000 people or 10% of the community's total population. Due to the 5,000 population threshold, large cities that are actually overwhelmingly anglophone (and may also have several widely spoken immigrant languages) with virtually no obvious francophone element due to very low percentages, such as Toronto (population 2,731,571) or Brampton (population 593,638) are nevertheless still subject to the Act.

The French Language Services Act applies to provincial government services only. It does not require municipal governments to provide bilingual services. Municipal governments may, however, provide French language services at their own discretion.

The following census divisions (denoted in dark blue on the map) are designated areas in their entirety:

 Algoma District
 Cochrane District
 Greater Sudbury
 City of Hamilton
 Nipissing District
 City of Ottawa
 Prescott and Russell United Counties
 Sudbury District
 Timiskaming District
 City of Toronto

The following census divisions (denoted in light blue on the map) are not fully designated areas, but have communities within their borders which are designated for bilingual services:

Chatham-Kent: Tilbury, Dover Township, Tilbury East Township
Essex County: Lakeshore, Tecumseh, Windsor
Frontenac County: Kingston
Kenora District: Ignace
Middlesex County: London
Niagara Regional Municipality: Port Colborne, Welland
Peel Region: Mississauga, Brampton
Renfrew County: Laurentian Valley, Pembroke, Whitewater Region
Simcoe County: Essa, Penetanguishene, Tiny
Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry United Counties: Cornwall, North Glengarry, North Stormont, South Glengarry, South Stormont, Winchester
Thunder Bay District: Greenstone, Manitouwadge, Marathon, Terrace Bay

The most recent addition to the list of designated areas is the city of Kingston. It was named in May 2006, and after the three-year implementation period provided for by the French Language Services Act, officially became a bilingual service centre in 2009.

The Ministry of Francophone Affairs is the government department responsible for ensuring that French language services are provided. Francophones who live in non-designated areas can also receive French language services by directly contacting the Office of Francophone Affairs in Toronto, or in the nearest designated community. The cabinet minister currently responsible for the Office of Francophone Affairs is Caroline Mulroney.

The judicial system in Ontario is officially bilingual in all areas, but in practice it functions primarily in English. Francophones in some parts of the province have noted some difficulty in actually accessing French language services, especially in civil litigation matters; for example, francophones in the justice system have sometimes faced unnecessary and expensive delays in their justicial procedings, or been forced to proceed in English even if they were merely functional but not fluent in the language, due to gaps in the system's ability to actually provide full French services.

There are 44 municipalities in Ontario which are officially or functionally bilingual at the municipal level. Most of these are members of the Francophone Association of Municipalities of Ontario, or AFMO.

On April 26, 2010, the Ontario government designated September 25 as Franco-Ontarian Day. This date was chosen as it represented the anniversary of the official raising of the Franco-Ontarian flag in 1975.

Education
In the past, the Ontario government was often much less supportive of and often openly hostile toward the Franco-Ontarian community. Regulation 17, passed in 1912, forbade French-language instruction in Ontario schools. Although the regulation itself was rescinded in 1927, the government continued to refuse funding for French language high schools until the latter half of the 1960s. As a result, francophones had to pursue high school education in English, pay tuition to private high schools (which few Franco-Ontarian families could afford), or simply stop attending school after Grade 9.

As a result, several generations of Franco-Ontarians grew up without formal education since the dropout rate for francophones was quite high during this period. Franco-Ontarians thus opted for jobs which did not require reading and mathematical skills, such as mining and forestry, and were virtually absent from white collar jobs. Sociologically, it meant that education was not a value transmitted to younger Franco-Ontarians. Although this has changed dramatically since the advent of funding for francophone high schools in the 1960s, according to the 2001 census, francophones in Ontario still tend to have a lower level of education than the general population.

Further, those who do have higher levels of education often pursue job opportunities in larger cities, particularly Ottawa or even Montreal, which can create a barrier to economic development in their home communities. As well, even today many students of Franco-Ontarian background are still educated in anglophone schools. This has the effect of reducing the use of French as a first language in the province, and thereby limiting the growth of the Franco-Ontarian community; in the Canada 2006 Census, for example, 40 per cent of residents of Sudbury reported themselves as able to speak or understand French, but only 16 per cent of the city's population reported actually using the French language in their daily lives and barely one per cent of the city's population reported themselves as being exclusively francophone.

Ontario now has eight French-language Roman Catholic school boards and four French-language public school boards. Each of these school boards serves a significantly larger catchment area than an English-language school board in the province, due to the smaller francophone population.

Currently, Ontario has two French first language post-secondary colleges, La Cité collégiale in Ottawa, with a second campus in Hawkesbury; and Collège Boréal in Sudbury, with additional campuses in several Northern Ontario communities, and one in Toronto. A third college, Collège des Grands-Lacs in Toronto, ceased operations in 2002, and its programs and services are now the Toronto campus of Collège Boréal. The Ontario Agricultural College has a francophone campus in Alfred.

Ontario has four universities which offer instruction in both English and French including the Royal Military College of Canada in Kingston; Laurentian University in Sudbury; the Dominican University College in Ottawa; and the University of Ottawa. York University in Toronto operates a bilingual federated college, Glendon College, although the university is otherwise an anglophone institution. Laurentian University has a federated college, Université de Hearst, which, although not a fully independent university, is the only exclusively francophone university-level institution in the province.

In 2015, MPP France Gélinas introduced a private member's bill to mandate the creation of a fully independent French-language university. Although her bill did not pass, the government of Kathleen Wynne announced the creation of a French-language university in 2017. Following the 2018 election the project was initially cancelled by the new government of Doug Ford, although in 2019 the provincial and federal governments announced a new funding plan to proceed with the creation of the French first language university. The new university was incorporated in Toronto as the Université de l'Ontario français in April 2018, and expects to accept its first cohort of full-time students in 2021.

Culture and media
The primary cultural organization of the Franco-Ontarian community is the Assemblée de la francophonie de l'Ontario, or AFO, which coordinates many of the community's cultural and political activities.

Franco-Ontarian flag

The Franco-Ontarian flag consists of two bands of green and white. The left portion has a solid light green background with a white fleur-de-lys in the middle, while the right portion has a solid white background with a stylized green trillium in the middle. The green represents the summer months, while the white represents the winter months. The trillium is the floral symbol of Ontario, while the fleur-de-lys represents the French-Canadian heritage of the Franco-Ontarian community. The green color on the flag is Pantone 349.

The flag was created in 1975 by Gaétan Gervais, history professor and Michel Dupuis, first year political science student, both from Laurentian University. It was officially recognized by the Ontario PC government as the emblem of the Franco-Ontarian community in the Franco-Ontarian Emblem Act of 2001.

Les Monuments de la francophonie d'Ottawa
The historical park, also known as Les Monuments de la francophonie d'Ottawa, was built by the francophone community to commemorate francophone contribution in the development and well being of the City of Ottawa.  The first of six Monuments de la francophonie d'Ottawa designed by Edward J. Cuhaci represents the first homes and the founding of Bytown. The next five monuments, each progressing uphill,  highlight business achievements that were crucial to the prosperity of Ottawa economy. The seventh monument, an unfinished granite block, symbolizes future developments. The flag is 5 x 10 m and was raised on a 27 m pole.

Language
The dialects of French spoken in Ontario are similar to, but distinct from, Quebec French and constitute part of the greater Canadian French dialect. Due to the large English majority in the province, English loanwords are sometimes used in the informal or slang registers of Franco-Ontarian French. While English loanwords occur to a large extent in many varieties of French in Canada and Europe, there has been more of a conscious effort in Quebec to eliminate anglicisms.

In addition, the majority of Franco-Ontarians are, out of necessity, functionally or fluently bilingual in English, a fact that encourages borrowing, as does the fact that the English language has a greater prestige in the province from its being a majority language. Franco-Ontarian communities with a small francophone population tend to have more English-influenced French, and some younger speakers there may feel more comfortable using English than French. On the other hand, the French spoken in French-dominant Ontarian communities (such as Hearst and Hawkesbury), or in those communities near the Quebec border (such as Ottawa), is virtually indistinguishable from Quebec French.

Furthermore, improved access to publicly funded French-language schools and the establishment of bilingual universities and French language community colleges has improved French-language proficiency in younger populations.

Folklore
Franco-Ontarians retain many cultural traditions from their French Canadian ancestry. For example, unmarried elder siblings dansent sur leurs bas (dance on their socks) when their younger siblings get married. Catholic Franco-Ontarians attend messe de minuit (midnight mass) on Christmas Eve. Many Franco-Ontarians also enjoy late night feasts/parties on Christmas Eve, called réveillon, at which tourtière is a common dish.

Media

Ontario has one francophone daily newspaper, Le Droit in Ottawa. However, several other communities in Ontario are served by francophone community weekly papers, including L'Express and Le Métropolitain in Toronto, Le Voyageur in Sudbury, L'Action in London/Sarnia, Le Rempart in Windsor, Le Régional in Hamilton-Niagara and Le Journal de Cornwall in Cornwall. Important historical publications include Ottawa's Le Progrès, which was launched in 1858 as the province's first francophone newspaper, and Sudbury's L'Ami du peuple, which was published from 1942 to 1968.

The province has two Ici Radio-Canada Télé stations, CBOFT-DT in Ottawa and CBLFT-DT in Toronto, which previously had rebroadcast transmitters throughout the province but remain available provincewide on basic cable. Both stations carry identical programming directed from Radio-Canada's master control in Montreal, except for local news and advertisements. CBOFT produces a newscast for broadcast only in the Ottawa area, while CBLFT produces another serving the rest of the province. The network formerly also operated CBEFT in Windsor, which was shut down in 2012.

The provincial government operates TFO, a sister channel to TVOntario, which is available provincewide via mandatory carriage on basic cable or satellite packages and via online streaming; it formerly also transmitted over the air in selected communities with significant francophone populations, but this was discontinued in 2012. In 2003, TFO produced and aired Francoeur, the first Franco-Ontarian téléroman. In 2008, TFO also began airing the first Franco-Ontarian sitcom, Météo+ — itself, in part, a satire of the Franco-Ontarian community's relative lack of access to local French-language media. In 2012, the production team behind Météo+ launched Les Bleus de Ramville.

The Quebec-based francophone network TVA as well as specialty channels TV5 Québec Canada and Ici RDI are available on all Ontario cable systems, as these channels are mandated by the CRTC for carriage by all Canadian cable operators. Where there is sufficient local demand for French-language television, Ontario cable systems may also offer French-language channels such as V, Ici ARTV, Elle Fictions and RDS, although these channels only have discretionary status outside Quebec and are typically offered only on a digital cable tier rather than in basic cable packages.

On radio, the Franco-Ontarian community is served primarily by Radio-Canada's Ici Radio-Canada Première network, which has originating stations in Ottawa (CBOF), Toronto (CJBC), Sudbury (CBON) and Windsor (CBEF), with rebroadcasters throughout Ontario. Ici Musique, Radio-Canada's arts and culture network, currently broadcasts only in Ottawa (CBOX), Toronto (CJBC-FM), Sudbury (CBBX), Kitchener-Waterloo (CJBC-FM-1) and Windsor (CJBC-FM-2), with an additional transmitter licensed but not yet launched in Timmins.

Non-profit francophone community stations exist in several communities, including Penetanguishene (CFRH), Hearst (CINN), Kapuskasing (CKGN), Cornwall (CHOD), Ottawa (CJFO) and Toronto (CHOQ). Many campus radio stations air one or two hours per week of French-language programming as well, although only CHUO at the University of Ottawa and CKLU at Laurentian University are officially bilingual stations.

Francophone commercial radio stations exist in Sudbury (CHYC), Timmins (CHYK) and Sturgeon Falls/North Bay (CHYQ); all three stations are owned and operated by Le5 Communications, and air distinct locally-targeted morning shows while operating for the remainder of the day as a shared region-wide simulcast with each station originating some of the common programming. Ottawa francophones are served by the commercial radio stations licensed to Gatineau, and many other Eastern Ontario communities are within the broadcast range of the Gatineau and Montreal media markets. One station in Hawkesbury (CHPR) airs a few hours per week of locally oriented programming, but otherwise simulcasts a commercial station from Montreal.

Film
Through their proximity to Gatineau or Montreal, Ottawa and the communities east of it toward Montreal are the only regions in Ontario which have consistent access throughout the year to French-language theatrical films. However, Cinéfest in Sudbury and the Toronto International Film Festival include francophone films in their annual festival programs, the Toronto-based Cinéfranco festival programs a lineup consisting entirely of francophone films, and community groups in many smaller communities offer French film screenings from time to time. Francophone films also air on TFO and Radio-Canada.

Theatre and music
Nine professional theatre companies offer French language theatrical productions, including five companies in Ottawa (Théâtre du Trillium, Théâtre de la Vieille 17, Vox Théâtre, Théâtre la Catapulte and Créations In Vivo), one in Sudbury (Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario) and three in Toronto (Théâtre Corpus, Théâtre La Tangente and Théâtre Franglais de Toronto). There are also numerous community theatre groups and school theatre groups.

Annual music festivals include La Nuit sur l'étang in Sudbury and the Festival Franco-Ontarien in Ottawa. Notable figures in Franco-Ontarian music include Robert Paquette, Marcel Aymar, En Bref, Chuck Labelle, Les Chaizes Muzikales, Brasse-Camarade, Swing, Konflit Dramatik, Stéphane Paquette, Damien Robitaille and CANO.

The song "Notre Place" by Paul Demers and François Dubé, long considered an unofficial anthem of the Franco-Ontarian community after it was written for a gala to celebrate the passage of the French Language Services Act in 1986, was legally designated as the community's official anthem by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 2017.

Publishing and literature
Ontario has seven francophone publishing companies, including Sudbury's Prise de parole, Ottawa's Editions Le Nordir and Les Éditions David.

Notable Franco-Ontarian writers include Lola Lemire Tostevin, Daniel Poliquin, Robert Dickson, Jean-Marc Dalpé, François Paré, Gaston Tremblay, Michel Bock, Doric Germain, Fernand Dorais and Hédi Bouraoui. The French-language scholar Joseph Médard Carrière was Franco-Ontarian.

See also List of French Canadian writers from outside Quebec.

Political aspects
In the late 1980s, several Ontario towns and cities, most famously Sault Ste. Marie, were persuaded by the Alliance for the Preservation of English in Canada to declare themselves English-only in the wake of the French Language Services Act and the Meech Lake Accord debate. This was considered by many observers to be a direct contributor to the resurgence of the Quebec sovereignty movement in the 1990s, and consequently to the 1995 Quebec referendum. (See also Sault Ste. Marie language resolution.)

Quebec writer Yves Beauchemin  once controversially referred to the Franco-Ontarian community as "warm corpses" (« cadavres encore chauds ») who had no chance of surviving as a community. In a similar vein, former Quebec Premier René Lévesque referred to them as "dead ducks".

On October 19, 2004, a Toronto lawyer successfully challenged a "no left turn" traffic ticket on the basis that the sign was not bilingual in accordance with the 1986 French Language Services Act. The judge in R. v. Myers ruled that the traffic sign was not a municipal service, but instead was regulated under the provincial Highway Traffic Act and therefore subject to the bilingual requirements of the French Language Services Act. As this was a lower court ruling, it did not affect any other court. However the implication of the decision was that many traffic signs in bilingually designated areas of Ontario would be invalid. It was feared that the ruling would have a similar effect as the Manitoba Language Rights ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada, in this case forcing municipalities to erect new bilingual road signs at great expense and invalidating millions of dollars in existing tickets before the courts. The City of Toronto appealed the ruling. At the appeal hearing both parties asked the court to enter a plea of guilty. A guilty verdict was entered even though no arguments were made by either side on the merits of the case. The situation created a legal vacuum for several years, during which numerous defendants used the bilingual signage argument to fight traffic tickets. The precedent was overturned by the Ontario Court of Appeal in a 2011 case, R. v. Petruzzo, on the grounds that the French Language Services Act specifically states that municipalities are not required to offer services in French, even in provincially regulated areas such as traffic signage, if the municipality has not specifically passed its own bylaw governing its own provision of bilingual services.

Ontario's Minister of Francophone Affairs, Madeleine Meilleur, became the province's first cabinet minister to attend a Francophonie summit in 2004, travelling to Ouagadougou with counterparts from Quebec, New Brunswick and the federal government. Meilleur also expressed the hope that Ontario would someday become a permanent member of the organization. On November 26, 2016, Ontario was granted observer status by La Francophonie.

On January 10, 2005, Clarence-Rockland became the first Ontario city to pass a bylaw requiring all new businesses to post signs in both official languages. Clarence-Rockland is 60 per cent francophone, and the city council noted that the bylaw was intended to address the existence of both English-only and French-only commercial signage in the municipality.

In 2008, the provincial government officially introduced a French licence plate, with the French slogan "Tant à découvrir" in place of "Yours to Discover", as an optional feature for drivers who wished to use it.

In 2009, the government faced controversy during the H1N1 flu pandemic, when it sent out a health information flyer in English only, with no French version published or distributed for the province's francophone residents. In response, MPP France Gélinas introduced a private member's bill in May 2011 to have the provincial Commissioner of French Language Services report to the full Legislative Assembly of Ontario rather than exclusively to the Minister of Francophone Affairs.

In 2018, the provincial government of Doug Ford announced several government cutbacks that impacted the Franco-Ontarian community, including ending the position of the French Language Services Commissioner and transferring its responsibilities to the office of the Ontario Ombudsman, reducing the status of the Ministry of Francophone Affairs from a full ministry to a government office, and cancelling funding announced by the prior government of Kathleen Wynne for the creation of the French-language university. After extensive backlash to the announcement, Ford reversed course, announcing that the commissioner position would be retained and that the office of francophone affairs would be restored to a full government ministry. The actions led to one franco-Ontarian MPP, Amanda Simard, leaving his caucus to sit as an independent.

During this period, governments in Quebec began to fly the Franco-Ontarian flag as a gesture of solidarity. The flag was hoisted at Montreal City Hall on November 23, and at the National Assembly of Quebec on December 1.

The initial announcement of the government's reversal on the issues did not restore funding for the French-language university, although a shared federal-provincial funding agreement to proceed with its creation of a Franco-Ontarian university in 2019. The new university was incorporated as the Université de l'Ontario français, and is expected to open in Toronto in 2021.

Notable Franco-Ontarians


Akatea

Akatea is the Māori name for at least two different species of white-flowering climbing vine from New Zealand:

Metrosideros albiflora
Metrosideros perforata

Plants named Akatea


Philip Ryken

Philip Graham Ryken (born 1966) is an American theologian, Presbyterian minister, and academic administrator. He is the eighth and current president of Wheaton College in Wheaton, Illinois.

Early life and education
Ryken was born on September 29, 1966. He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature and philosophy from Wheaton College in 1988. He also completed a Master of Divinity degree from Westminster Theological Seminary in 1992 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in historical theology from University of Oxford in 1995.

Professional life
Ryken is an ordained teaching elder in the Presbyterian Church in America.  He joined the pastoral staff of historic Tenth Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia in 1995 and was elevated to the position of senior minister upon the death of James Boice in 2000. In February 2010, the Board of Trustees at Wheaton College announced his selection as the college's eighth president, succeeding the retiring Duane Litfin. Ryken took office on July 1, 2010, and was formally inaugurated on September 17, 2010, at Edman Chapel.

He is a member of the Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals, serving as a member of the alliance council, which features his expository preaching on its weekly national radio and internet broadcast, Every Last Word.

Scholarship
He has written over thirty books on a wide variety of Christian subjects, including:
Art for God's Sake: A Call to Recover the Arts
Written in Stone: The Ten Commandments and Today's Moral Crisis
The Doctrines of Grace: Rediscovering the Evangelical Gospel with James Montgomery Boice and R. C. Sproul
Discovering God in Stories from the Bible

Ryken has also coauthored a series of commentaries on individual books of the Bible with R. Kent Hughes. Ryken and his father, literary scholar Leland Ryken, have collaborated to produce a study Bible, and the father-son team worked with James Wilhoit to write Ryken's Bible Handbook, which focuses on the literary genres and styles in each book of the Bible.

Personal life
Ryken is the son of the Christian literary scholar and Wheaton professor Leland Ryken.  Ryken met his wife, Lisa, while the two were students at Wheaton. They were married after their junior year. The couple have five children, and reside in Wheaton. He is known to enjoy waterskiing, basketball, soccer, and poetry.

Works

Books


Northern Norway Line

The Northern Norway Line () is a proposed railway which would be built through Northern Norway. Several proposals have been launched; one is to connect from the Nordland Line at Fauske and continue onwards to Narvik, Tromsø and Harstad. The Troms Line () is a more limited proposal, which calls for a line between Narvik and Tromsø, but which would not connect to the rest of the railway network in Norway and instead the Swedish railway network via the Ofoten Line. During the Second World War, the German occupation forces started building the Polar Line between Fauske and Narvik, but that was abandoned after the war.

2019 study
In 2019 the Norwegian Railway Directorate signed an agreement with Asplan Viak to study the development of a line from Fauske via Narvik to Tromsø. The Fauske – Tromsø Line would be around 375km long, while the Bjerkvik – Harstad line would be just over 80km long. The analyses found the full scheme development would cost NKr 113bn, while the line to Harstad would cost around NKr 20bn.The analysis showed that it would cost more than NKr 100bn ($US 11.6bn). Howeever, the Norwegian Railway Directorate says the line will not be economically viable, as calculations show a net loss for the state of between NKr 46bn and NKr 109bn.


Annunciation of Fano

Annunciation of Fano is a painting by the Italian Renaissance artist Pietro Perugino, executed around 1488–1490, and housed in the church of  Santa Maria Nuova, Fano, central Italy.

The work was successful, and a few years later he was commissioned to paint an altarpiece for the same church, the Fano Altarpiece.

Description
The painting is set within a four bay portico, a common element in Perugino's paintings from the 1480s (as, for example, in the Albani-Torlonia Polyptych and the Pietà). Behind it, is a background with hills featuring light trees.

In the foreground is the Annunciation, lit from the left. The angel, holding a white lily (symbol of purity), announces that she will bear Jesus; Mary, who was previously reading a book on a classical altar in front of her, has a surprised face. Behind them, in the upper center, is God in an oval with cherubim and seraphim, sending the Holy Spirit (portrayed as a dove) to her.

Sources

Fano


Gypsy, Louisiana

Gypsy is an unincorporated community in St. John the Baptist and St. Charles parishes, in the U.S. state of Louisiana.

History
Gypsy took its name from Gypsy Plantation, a private estate, which in turn was likely named for the gypsy entertainers who would come to river towns looking for work.


Edward Brueton

Edward Brueton (1871 – after 1893) was an English footballer born in Penn, Staffordshire, who played in the Football League as a goalkeeper for Small Heath. He joined Small Heath from Stafford Rangers on trial in September 1894. Without even playing reserve team football, he stood in for regular goalkeeper Charles Partridge in the home game against Preston North End on 29 September, conceded four goals – the game finished as a 4–4 draw – and was back in non-league football with Willenhall Swifts by November.