The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan is the fourth expansion for the Massively multiplayer online role-playing game The Lord of the Rings Online. It was released on October 15, 2012 as a web-based download and on Steam. New game enhancements include a level cap increase to 85, level 85 legendary weapons (as well as a new legendary item), and six new areas.  The expansion's main feature is mounted combat.

Storyline

Volume III: Allies of the King
Riders of Rohan continues the storyline that began shortly after The Lord of the Rings Online: Siege of Mirkwood expansion and is described in The Lord of the Rings Online: Rise of Isengard.

Book 7 - A Fellowship Endangered

Her wounds healed, the Dunlending girl Nona makes a full recovery and becomes eager to leave Lothlorien. Lady Galadriel's mirror reveals to her and the player that the Fellowship faced a grave danger at Parth Galen, but many things remain unclear. Galadriel bids the player and Nona to travel further down the river of Anduin to discover the Fellowship's fate, sending with them guide - an Elf named Corudan, whose sister Sigileth fought alongside the player in Mirkwood and perished during the battle in Dol Guldur. The Fellowship makes a brief stop at the Rohirrim town of Stangard, where the player discovers that Horn, the man who helped carry wounded Nona into Lothlorien, is no longer welcome by other men for venturing into the woods they consider haunted. His future uncertain, Horn accepts the offer to join the player's quest. Together with an Elf, a man of Rohan and a girl from Dunland, the player travels by boat south down Anduin, eventually reaching the Argonath. On the lawn of Parth Galen, they find signs of the Fellowship's passing and a struggle and are eventually able to piece together the events leading to the Breaking of the Fellowship. This goal accomplished, they decide to pursue the Three Hunters and aid them in rescuing Merry and Pippin from the Uruks who captured them.

Book 8 - Into the Riddermark

Already days behind Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli, the Company has no hope of catching up with them on foot. They set to acquire War-Steeds from the friendly Rohirrim in the town of Langhold. While the Three Hunters led their pursuit on foot without stopping for rest, the player's company now has the benefit of the mounts, but makes several stops at Rohirrim towns along the way, to get a better direction of where the passing Uruks went. After departing the town of Faldham, where Elfhelm's son Elfmar rules in his father's absence at the Fords of Isen, they make their way to Eaworth in the Entwash Vale, near the edge of Fangorn Forest. Horn's father Ingbert is the Reeve - ruler - of this town and the vale itself, but is not pleased to see his son, for Horn had a term to serve in the town of Stangard, which he now broke. Adding more tension is the fact that Horn and Nona, despite all their differences, have begun to show signs of affection for each other during the long journey, but few in Eaworth are even being able to tolerate to presence of a "wild Dunlending" among them. Offended by such welcome, Nona leaves silently and without saying goodbye. Unable to find her trail, the player, Corudan and Horn have no choice but to continue with their original mission.

Book 9 - The Third Marshall

Éomer and his riders make a stop at Eaworth while returning to Edoras. The Third Marshall says to the player the same thing he earlier said to Aragorn: that his riders have killed the Uruks and burned their bodies, with none left alive. The player and his/her two companions set out to investigate the site of the battle nonetheless. Lacking Aragorn's superior tracking skills, they miss the signs of the Hobbits having escaped and nearly succumb to despair. However, a chance encounter with an Ent from Fangorn reveals that not only are the Hobbits alive, but that Gandalf himself has already seen for their safety. Their hopes renewed, the player, Horn and Corudan the Elf decide to travel with Eomer's eored for a time.

Eomer's next stop takes him to the town of Snowbourn on the river of the same name. The Third Marshall deems the entire Eastemnet not defensible, with Isengard forces coming from the west, Mordor orcs pouring from the south and Easterlings crossing the river from the east. By his military power, he orders all people remaining in those lands to abandon their homes and move westward across the Entwash river, where they can be better defended. Fastred, the Thane ("Major") of Snowbourn openly defies this order, however, refusing to abandon his position and leading bold strikes against orc forces instead. Angered at the insubordination, Eomer decides to bring this matter directly to the attention of the King.

The player and his companions accompany Eomer to Edoras, where the sings of Grima Wormtongue's growing influence become apparent to all after The King's Minstel Gléowine is thrown out of the court for crossing him. The audience with King Theoden quickly turns into an interrogation by Wormtongue, who orders Eomer stripped of his rank and imprisoned for breaking the "King's" direct order not to pursue the Uruk-hai band. Only an intervention by Lady Eowyn saves the player, Corudan and Horn from similar fate - instead they are thrown out of Edoras and are ordered to remain in the Eastemnet, not to cross the Entwash river under the penalty of death. Their next move uncertain, the trio decides to spend time helping those people who choose to fight for their homes in this land, despite being abandoned by Edoras.

Book 10 - Snows of Wildermore

The player, Horn and Corudan choose to follow Gléowine, King Théoden's minstrel and Horn's old mentor, who has been thrown out of Edoras along with them. They find him in Snowbourn, where they hear troubling news from Harding, Aldor of the Northmarch - no word has come from Wildermore, in remote corner of the Wold, for weeks. Wildermore is where Gléowine spend his youth and a chance to revisit those lands gives him a new purpose. He joins the player's companions as they travel to the Wold and then to Wildermore. The find the land engulfed in snow, highly unnatural for those lands, and terrorized by a stone giant named Nurzum. A foul product of Saruman experiments, he had his strength augmented with remains of an ancient Huorn, making him nigh invulnerable, and a relic of Morgoth from Thangorodrim fused to his back, causing unnatural cold, snow storms and ice to follow him whenever he goes. Widfara, one of Harding's men from the Wold, is a sole survivor of his attack, and believes everyone else, including Harding's son Leodwig, killed.

While traversing Wildermore in search of ways to oppose Nurzum, the player and his companions unexpectedly come across Nona. Since her departure in Eaworth, she made her way to the city of Byre Tor, which has been razed by Nurzum, and cared for the survivors, her hatred for Men of Rohan lessened by the kind actions. Her reunion with Horn is brief and cold, and not having yet resolved her feelings for him, she chooses to leave again. The others follow her to a cave where she hides survivors from the snow, among them Harding's son Leodwig, injured but alive. Seeing wrath of Nurzum firsthand, Corudan the Elf decides to search for aid among the Ents of the nearby Fangorn Forest. He and the player manage to find and wake the Ent Leaflock (Finglas) and relay him Nuzum's story. The Ent cares little for troubles of Men, but defiling of Huorn's remains rouses him to anger and he commands Huorns of the forest to come after the giant. Nurzum fights off the attack, but is weakened and later defeated by the player and Heroes of Wildermore. Meanwhile, Nona and Horn resolve their feelings and finally commit to each other.

Interludes

A series of session plays running concurrent to Book 10 shows the Rangers of the Grey Company whom the player left in Book 5 and their activities in Dunland, without the player character's involvement.

Meanwhile, the Grey Company of Dunedain remains in Dunland, where following their rescue from imprisonment in Tur Morva, the Rangers drove the traitorous Falcon Clan underground. The Ranges occupy the city itself and fight off several smaller ambushes, but don't have the force to assault the Dunlendings in the tunnels under Methedras, for the Falcon Clan knows them much better, resulting in a stalemate. The Sons of Elrond bid Halbarad to continue the journey south, yet many Rangers refuse to leave without having vengeance for their fallen brothers. The Ranger Saeradan, with Halbarad's permission, leaves the company and takes a wagon with the bodies of the fallen north, to prevent their defilement in the hostile lands. Upon reaching Enedwaith he makes an important discovery - the Oathbreakers of the Forsaken Road, responsible for an earlier attack on the Rangers, have left those lands and are travelling back to the Stone of Erech, hoping to be relieved of their eternal curse. In Tur Morva the Ranger Golodir refuses to wait for vengeance any longer and enters the caverns accompanied only by his friend Corunir. There they discover that the Falcon Clan has tricked them again and used the underground passages to cross the Misty Mountains into the lands of Rohan. In Isengard, the Ranger Lothrandir is still holding out against physical and mental abuse by Saruman's servants, but the Wizard has patience and is determined to break him.

New zones
The Riders of Rohan expansion features six new regions, all part of the Eastemnet: The Wold, The East Wall, The Norcrofts, The Sutcrofts, The Entwash Vale, and The Eaves of Fangorn.  Players begin their adventures in Rohan by traveling south of the Great River area to The Wold.  As they continue their journey, they make their way through all the regions in the Eastemnet, ultimately reaching the level-85 area of The Sutcrofts.

Mounted Combat
A major, new gameplay feature that is being added is Mounted Combat.  Early in their adventures, players will have the opportunity to acquire a War-steed.  This mount is unique in that it allows players to engage in combat while on their horses.  To that end, the war-steeds have been given their own morale and power, and have their own skills.  Players will also acquire new class-specific skills exclusive to mounted combat, as normal "on-foot" skills are not usable.  Riders of Rohan also features mounted enemies, and players are encouraged to take advantage of the benefits of being on a war-steed when fighting these enemies.

War-steed movement
Movement on war-steeds is not like movement on the travel mounts that have previously been featured in The Lord of the Rings Online.  War-steeds accelerate slower, decelerate slower, and have a much wider turning radius than the smaller, northern horse breeds.  In this manner, war-steeds behave more realistically than travel mounts.  As a war-steed accelerates to its top speed (which is significantly faster than the northern horses), it accumulates a new feature called Fury.  Fury amplifies the damage done to enemies as well as the healing done to allies.  Because of this new feature, mounted combat is intended to be primarily similar to jousting, in which players ride a distance, gaining speed and Fury, and unleash a single, massive hit on the enemy.  The player then rides off, gathers more speed and Fury, turns about, and rides at the enemy again until victory (or defeat).

Types of war-steeds
Initially, players will acquire the "War-steed: Medium" mount, known as a Rouncey.  This mount has a good balance of survivability, maneuverability, and damage potential.  Players who have purchased the expansion are free to choose 2 alternatives, the War-steed: Light and the War-steed: Heavy.  Players who have not purchased the expansion can purchase these alternatives with Turbine Points.  The War-steed: Light (the Courser) is more maneuverable than its Medium and Heavy counterparts, but sacrifices survivability in exchange.  The damage potential for Coursers and Rounceys are about the same.  The War-steed: Heavy (the Destrier) sacrifices some damage potential and some maneuverability for survivability.

War-steed traits
In addition to the 3 different types, each type has 3 different trait-trees: Red Dawn, Riddermark, and Rohirrim. As the war-steed levels up (to a maximum of 50), points are awarded to the player, who can spend points in each trait-tree. As players spends points in one of the 3 trees, they will unlock passive bonuses and sometimes, more mounted combat skills. In addition, more potent traits are unlocked as players spends points in a given tree.  Each tree is different for every class, resulting in innumerable customizations/configurations for players to choose from. For example, the Red Dawn trait-tree for a Rune-keeper (light-armored caster class) is different from the Red Dawn trait tree of a Guardian (heavy-armored tanking class).  Despite the class differences, Red Dawn focuses more on offense; Riddermark focuses on a balance of offense, maneuverability, and survival; and the Rohirrim trait-tree focuses on maneuverability and survival.

Stances and skills
As traits-trees are filled out, Mount Skills become available. These skills directly affect how war-steeds behave (e.g., one skill causes a war-steed to automatically follow an enemy). In this manner, Mount Skills can be thought of as skills that the war-steeds themselves possess (although they are still found in the character Skills Panel). In addition to Mount Skills, each class will be granted separate Mounted Class Skills.  The first 3 skills granted are stances that reflect what role the player is filling:

Discipline: Red Dawn - primarily for offense
Discipline: Riddermark - some offense, with some maneuverability and survivability
Discipline: Rohirrim - mostly defense, with a few maneuverability features
Upon mounting a War-steed for the first time, the default stance is Red Dawn. Choosing a different stance will change the effects of some of the Mounted Class Skills that each class is given to align with the chosen stance. Mount Skills and Mounted Class Skills are only usable under the following conditions:

The player is mounted on a war-steed.
The player is in Rohan.
The player is not in a combat-restricted area, such as inside a town

Innumerable combinations
War-steed types, traits, and skills/stances are independent of each other. It is possible for a Hunter (traditional ranged-damage class) to ride a Courser in Red Dawn stance with all his/her Red Dawn traits slotted. This configuration would make the mounted Hunter very effective at dealing ranged damage to enemies, with good maneuverability and speed. However, it is also possible for the same Hunter to ride a Destrier in Rohirrim stance with all his/her Rohirrim traits slotted. This would make the Hunter very strong, able to survive a relatively high amount of damage.  This would, however, be to the sacrifice of the Hunter's ability to inflict damage as well as of maneuverability. Instead, there are Rohirrim-specific skills at which the Hunter would excel.

It is also possible for a Guardian (traditional tanking class) to ride the heavy Destrier steed, traited for Riddermark, and position him-/herself in Red Dawn stance. The Destrier steed would help the Guardian's survivability, the Red Dawn stance would allow the Guardian to inflict substantial (but not spectacular) damage, and the Riddermark traits would grant the mounted Guardian abilities that may not necessarily amplify either survivability or damage potential, but would bring yet a third component to bear against his/her enemies.  The steed/stance/traits do not have to match (although, in some cases, it is advantageous to do so).

Aside from even that number of combination, each set of combinations will differ by class. So the aforementioned Guardian with a Destrier steed/in Red Dawn stance/traited Riddermark will differ from a hunter with a Destrier steed/in Red Dawn stance/traited Riddermark. As such, there are an incredible number of combinations to be explored.

Warbands
In the Shores of the Great River update to the Rise of Isengard expansion, the concept of nemesis-class enemies roaming the landscape was introduced.  These enemies occupied a specific area in the Great River region, and were expected to be engaged in a group.  Riders of Rohan extends this concept further by grouping these difficult enemies together with several, less-dangerous enemies and allowing these groups to roam all of Rohan. In most circumstances, these warbands are intended to be engaged by groups of players on horseback.  Players can engage these warbands on foot, but suffer a severe disadvantage when doing so. Warbands frequently have mounted enemies as members, and they will frequently employ the same tactics that players will use when mounted. (Despite the name, warbands to do not make use of the Warband Maneuver, which is a means by which Monster Players and NPC enemies can employ Fellowship Maneuvers against players.)

Open-tapping
Traditionally in MMORPG's, the practice of "power-leveling" is discouraged.  Power-leveling is a situation where a low-level character is paired with a high-level character.  The high-level character then quickly mows through the low-level content, allowing the low-level character to reap the benefits with little/no effort.  This practice is usually done to quickly bring a new character to a high-enough level to engage in end-game content.  However, this is discouraged for several reasons:
The player has little opportunity to learn how to effectively play the new character.
Much of the content that is expected to be played is skipped, effectively reducing the return on investment for the production of the low-level content.
Frequently, power-leveled characters are sold to players for real-world money.  This is usually in violation of the Code of Conduct/Terms of Service agreement with the developer of the game.
Lord of the Rings Online employs a mechanism called "tapping," which is a way for the game to detect who attacked an enemy.  The game can then decide, based on who attacked an enemy first, whom to give experience to and how much to give.  If players try to power-level, they will find that the high-level character will absorb most of the experience (frequently going to waste), and the low-level character will receive just a small fraction of the experience for the defeat of the enemy, even if the characters are not in a group.  The main problem with this method is that it discourages players from helping other players if they randomly stumble upon each other.  For example, if one player is fighting an enemy and is losing the fight, and another player stumbles upon the fight and helps the nearly-defeated player, the nearly-defeated player will lose most of the experience from victory over the enemy.  In the past, this has caused tension between players who appreciate the help and players who would rather suffer defeat than the loss of the experience reward.

In addition to the tapping mechanism, players in a group are expected to share the loot reward granted by a defeated enemy.  The first player in a group to loot a corpse generally is awarded its entire contents, and unless specific rules are set up in-game, no one else in the group gets any of the loot reward.  When rules are set up, players can "roll" for a random number between 1 and 100 for each item; highest roll wins the item.  Players can decide the level of value at which items are shared vs. the ones that are automatically given to the first player to loot the corpse.  Even when all loot is designated to be shared via random chance, only one player can win a given loot reward.  If players are not in a group, the first player (or group) to tap an enemy will be awarded the loot reward, and anyone who assists will not receive any reward.

Because Rohan is intended to be a high-level region anyway, and because leveling in Lord of the Rings Online is accomplished primarily by questing rather than defeating enemies, the penalty for "power-leveling" and shared loot has been removed in Rohan.  Instead, every player who taps an enemy (or heals another player who has tapped an enemy) will get full experience and loot rewards when the enemy is defeated, even if other players help in defeating the enemy.  Players are free to engage an enemy without the risk of "stealing" someone else's experience reward or, conversely, having their experience "stolen."  If a player finds him-/herself on the losing end of a fight with a warband, anyone else who witnesses the impending defeat can step in and assist with no penalty to either the assistee or the assistor.  This practice encourages players to help each other, whether they are grouped or not. The new tapping rules were initially only implemented in Rohan, but due to positive player feedback were expanded to the rest of the game world in an update later that year.

Remote looting
Traditionally, after defeating an enemy, players must move to the corpse to retrieve any loot reward from it.  Because combat in Rohan is intended to be on horseback, and because it is incredibly inconvenient to swing the war-steed around just to loot a corpse, Riders of Rohan introduced the concept of Remote Looting.  Instead of having to travel back to a defeated enemy's corpse, loot rewards are automatically placed into the Remote Loot panel.  An alert is then displayed to the player which, when clicked, will open the Remote Loot panel.  This panel will hold a maximum of 50 items for 1 hour (in game time, not real time).  If any subsequent items are added before 1 hour has expired, the oldest items will be purged first.  If the player waits more than an hour, items that have been in Remote Loot for that hour will be purged.  Each item has its own timer.  Once the Remote Loot panel is opened, the player can opt to retrieve the loot or discard it.  Loot rewards discarded from the Remote Loot panel are irretrievable.  Players are not able to place items from their inventory back into Remote Loot.  Stacks of items will be placed into Remote Loot, but subsequent items of the same type will not stack with each other; they count as separate items.  For example, if a player is awarded 3 Athelas Potions, the whole stack of 3 will be placed into Remote Loot as 1 item.  If the player is later awarded 2 more Athelas Potions, the new stack of 2 will not stack onto the existing stack of 3.  The stack of 2 will occupy a separate item slot in Remote Loot, until the player retrieves the items.  The new looting rules were initially only implemented in Rohan, but due to positive player feedback were expanded to the rest of the game world in an update later that year.

OS X client
Prior to Riders of Rohan, there was only a native game client for Microsoft Windows.  Players who wished to play LOTRO on an Apple Macintosh had to use either Windows-emulation software, or use Apple's Bootcamp to install Windows on their computer.  During the Riders of Rohan beta testing phase, Turbine released a native OS X client for testing.  This OS X client was not released as part of the expansion, presumably due to its not quite being ready for production.  The OS X client was released on November 1, 2012.

Soundtrack
Critically acclaimed video-game composer Chance Thomas contributed several tracks to the Riders of Rohan expansion.  Turbine has released the Riders of Rohan soundtrack for purchase separately.  In addition, the soundtracks from previous Lord of the Rings Online releases Shadows of Angmar and Mines of Moria (to which Thomas also contributed tracks) were made available for separate purchase.

Critical reception

Riders of Rohan won the 2012 Best Expansion of E3 Award by Ten Ton Hammer. IGN gave the expansion an 8.3/10.


Thomas Boylston Adams (1772–1832)

Thomas Boylston Adams (September 15, 1772 – March 13, 1832) was the third and youngest son of the 2nd president of the United States, John and Abigail (Smith) Adams.

Early life
Adams was the fifth of six children born to John and Abigail (née Smith) Adams.  In September 1774, two years after his birth, his father was appointed one of the delegates to the First Continental Congress from Massachusetts Bay.  In 1784, his mother traveled to Europe to accompany her husband on his diplomatic missions including while he was U.S. Minister to the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.  While both of his parents were abroad, Thomas Adams lived with relatives in Haverhill, Massachusetts.

In 1790, he graduated from Harvard University where he had studied law, according to his family's wishes.  His elder brother, John Quincy Adams, however, did not believe he had sufficient skills to practice law successfully.

Career
Adams accompanied his brother John Quincy to the Netherlands and Prussia, serving as his secretary from 1794 to 1798.  After marrying in 1805, he settled in Quincy, Massachusetts and Adams served as his town's representative to the Massachusetts legislature from 1805 to 1806. Four years later, Adams was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1810.

In 1811, he was appointed chief justice of the Circuit Court of Common Pleas for the Southern Circuit of Massachusetts.  Like his brother Charles, Thomas had problems with alcoholism.

Personal life
In 1805, he married Ann Harrod (1774–1845) of Haverhill, and the relationship produced eight children in only eleven years.

Adams died on March 13, 1832 in Quincy, Massachusetts, deeply in debt.


Mercia Accident Rescue Service

Mercia Accident Rescue Service (or MARS) is a BASICS affiliated charity operation based on providing a fast-response, advanced medical team to back up the emergency services of the English counties of Herefordshire and Worcestershire.

MARS is staffed by a team of 14 Doctors and two Advanced Nurse Practitioners.


1958 Gent–Wevelgem

The 1958 Gent–Wevelgem was the 20th edition of the Gent–Wevelgem cycle race and was held on 6 April 1958. The race started in Ghent and finished in Wevelgem. The race was won by Noël Foré.

General classification


Scranton Armory

Scranton Armory is a historic National Guard armory located at Scranton, Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania.  It was built in 1900, and is a four-story, 20 bays by 26 bays, brick and stone building executed in the Romanesque Revival style. The front facade features a central stone arch entrance flanked by crenellated towers.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.


Laurie Shipp

Laurie Shipp (born 27 September 1929) is a former  Australian rules footballer who played with North Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Notes

External links


Electoral results for the district of Ballarat North

This is a list of electoral results for the electoral district of Ballarat North in Victorian state elections.

Members for Ballarat North

Election results

Elections in the 1980s

Elections in the 1970s

Elections in the 1960s

Elections in the 1950s


Marie of Lusignan

Marie/Maria/Mary of Lusignan or Marie of Cyprus may refer to:
 Marie of Lusignan, Countess of Brienne (1215-1251/3), daughter of Hugh I of Cyprus, wife of Walter IV of Brienne
 Marie of Lusignan, Countess d'Eu (1223-1260), daughter of Raoul II of Lusignan, wife of Alphonso of Brienne
 Marie of Lusignan, Queen of Aragon (1273-1319), daughter of Hugh III of Cyprus, wife of James II of Aragon
 Marie of Lusignan, Queen of Naples (1381-1404), daughter of James I of Cyprus, wife of Ladislaus of Naples


Prats-de-Sournia

Prats-de-Sournia is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.

Geography
Prats-de-Sournia is in the canton of La Vallée de l'Agly and in the arrondissement of Prades.

Population


Frelon

Frelon is the French word for Hornet. It may refer to:

 Frelon (material)
 Aérospatiale Super Frelon
 SNCASE SE.3200 Frelon, precursor of the Aérospatiale Super Frelon


Cyclic module

In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, a cyclic module or monogenous module is a module over a ring that is generated by one element.  The concept is analogous to cyclic group, that is, a group that is generated by one element.

Definition

A left R-module M is called cyclic if M can be generated by a single element i.e.  for some x in M. Similarly, a right R-module N is cyclic if  for some .

Examples

 (2) as a Z-module is a cyclic module.
 In general, any Z-module is a cyclic module.
 In fact, every cyclic group is a cyclic Z-module.
 Every simple R-module M is a cyclic module since the submodule generated by any non-zero element x of M is necessarily the whole module M. In general, a module is simple if and only if it is nonzero and is generated by each of its nonzero elements.
 If the ring R is considered as a left module over itself, then its cyclic submodules are exactly its left principal ideals as a ring. The same holds for R as a right R-module, mutatis mutandis.
 If R is F[x], the ring of polynomials over a field F, and V is an R-module which is also a finite-dimensional vector space over F, then the Jordan blocks of x acting on V are cyclic submodules.  (The Jordan blocks are all isomorphic to ; there may also be other cyclic submodules with different annihilators; see below.)

Properties

 Given a cyclic R-module M that is generated by x, there exists a canonical isomorphism between M and , where  denotes the annihilator of x in R.

Every module is a sum of cyclic submodules.


Oktyabrskoye, Oktyabrsky District, Orenburg Oblast

Oktyabrskoye () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative center of Oktyabrsky District, Orenburg Oblast, Russia. Population:


Cairo Jazz Club

Cairo Jazz Club is an Egyptian music hub located in Cairo featuring musical performances and serving food and bar selections. It opens room for new talents, while hosting international artists. The club hosts a different event every day, covering various genres, in addition to the occasional themed nights.

History
The club was founded in 2001 by Akram El Sherif, Alexander Rizk and Ammar Dajani to develop an independent music scene in Egypt. The club started out with only one live night a week every Thursday. To increase exposure, CJC reached out to local media, and Egypt Today was a media sponsor of the first CJC Festival.

CJC’s original bands included the Riff Band, Eftekesat and Yehia Khalil. As the bands grew in number, more live nights were added with a more concentrated music direction for each night.

Cairo Jazz Club Agency
Later in 2010, Cairo Jazz Club Agency was established as an independent entity of Cairo Jazz Club to enhance the live music scene in Egypt. It worked on cultural events, organizing festivals, booking artists, managing performances for venues and initiating music workshops.


Lutz van der Horst

Lutz van der Horst (born 20 August 1975 in Cologne) is a German actor, television presenter and comedian. He is most known for being an outside political satire reporter on the heute-show.

Biography
Van der Horst studied English studies and German studies at University of Cologne. He then initially worked as a speaker and author for radio, such as appearing on the "Bürgerfunk" show on Radio Cologne, where he also worked on the youth magazine "Mehr von mehr". Then he did an internship at 1LIVE radio station.

Then from 2000 working on television, he worked as a gag writer for the Cologne-based production company 'Brainpool' like Die Wochenshow, Rent a Pocher and TV total. He then worked as a freelance writer for other comedy shows such as Switch Reloaded (versions of the Australian TV series Fast Forward), comedy sketch show Sechserpack and Harald Schmidt.

From December 2001, Van der Horst also appeared for the first time in front of the camera. On the ProSieben network Show TV total, he appeared in a pink rabbit costume as a bubble hare blowing a carrot.

Together with Manuel Butt and Thomas Rogel, who later was also a writer for the heute-show (Today show) in 2008, they founded the office N2O Comedy in 2008. Note  is the chemical formula for nitrous oxide.

Van der Horst has also been cast member of the German late-night satirical television program Heute-show since 2009. He is nicknamed the "Political Terror".

Then from 2011 to 2012, he and Senna Guemmour hosted the quiz show Iss oder quizz (based on American show Deal with It) on the ZDF channel.

In 2012, he worked as a reporter in Monika Grubers boulevard satire Leute, Leute! on German public broadcast ZDF. Since 2013 he with (memory trainer) Christiane Stenger have been hosting Wie werd' ich …? (or How will I ...?) on German broadcaster ZDFneo. The show tries to explain scientific phenomena with humor.

On the radio 1LIVE and on stage, he has an unsuccessful stand-up comedian personna named 'Jimmy Breuer' Germany's worst comedian, who has deliberately wrong punch times at the wrong time, is the exact opposite of a skilled joke professional. He has toured with 'Jimmy Breuer' such as 36 shows in 2011.

Since September 2016, he plays the prison supervisor "Frosch" in Johann Strauss's operetta Die Fledermaus at the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden.

In November 2016, the AfD in Bayern used his face for a campaign poster, for the cancellation of TV broadcasting fees, without his permission. He used his position as satire-external reporter on the "Heute Show" to criticize the political party. He tried to sue them for 5000 euros in damages, but eventually got seven euros and ten cents from members outside the party congress.

In 2018, a new SAT.1 show was created, "Hotel Herzklopfen - Late in love!" (based on a Belgian show) presented by Van der Horst, Sarah Mangione and Daniel Boschmann.

Personal life
He lives in Ehrenfeld, Cologne and is a member of the SPD in the context of a satirical heute-show contribution in 2016.
He supports equality of lesbians and gays.
He is a big fan of horror films and has a very extensive collection of zombie and cannibal films from the late 1970s.

Filmography

Film
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
|-
|1998
|Dark
|Tim Fischer
|-
|2019
|Goblin 2
|Arabello
|(in post-production)
|-
|}

TV

 Awards
 2007: Deutscher Comedypreis as writer at Switch Reloaded (category best sketch-show)
 2010: Adolf-Grimme-Preis as member and writer of heute-show (category entertainment)
 2010: Deutscher Fernsehpreis as member and writer of heute-show (category best comedy)
 2010: Deutscher Comedypreis as member and writer of heute-show (category best comedy-Show)
 2011: Deutscher Comedypreis as member and writer of heute-show (category best comedy-Show)
 2012: Deutscher Comedypreis as member and writer of heute-show (category best comedy-Show)
 2014: Deutscher Fernsehpreis as member and writer of heute-show (category best Comedy)
 2016: Goldene Henne as member and writer of heute-show (category politics)
 2017: Goldene Kamera as member and writer by heute-show'' (category best satire-show)

External links
 Official website by Lutz van der Horst
 Kölner Stadtanzeiger: „Der Kölner Lenauplatz ist der friedlichste Platz der Welt“  (german)
 Berliner Kurier: Mama findet mich manchmal peinlich ! (german)
 Stuttgarter Zeitung: Zehn Gründe, warum wir uns auf die „Heute Show“ freuen
 Berliner Zeitung: Lutz van der Horst, Die charmante Nervensäge von der Heute-Show


Pullen Fountain

Stanley Thomas Pullen Fountain is an historic public water fountain and horse trough in Portland, Maine. It is named for Stanley T. Pullen, a former president of the Maine State Society for the Protection of Animals. Pullen died in 1910; the fountain's installation date is not known. The fountain was designed by George Burnham, and is made from granite mined at Jay, Maine.

In 2010, the fountain was renovated, and set into a protective curb to protect it from snow plowing equipment. This work was funded by the Portland Public Art Committee and  the Margaret E. Burnham Charitable Trust; Margaret Burnham was the daughter of the fountain's designer, George Burnham.

The fountain is located on Federal Street, between the Central Fire Station and the Edward T. Gignoux United States Courthouse.


1987 Seoul Open – Singles

This was the first edition of the Seoul Open.

Jim Grabb won the tournament, beating Andre Agassi in the final, 1–6, 6–4, 6–2.

Seeds

  Ramesh Krishnan (First Round)
  Jim Grabb (Champion)
  Jaime Yzaga (Second Round)
  Richard Matuszewski (First Round)
  Jean-Philippe Fleurian (Semifinals)
  Ben Testerman (Semifinals)
  Michiel Schapers (Quarterfinals)
  Andre Agassi (Final)

Draw

Finals

Top Half

Bottom Half


Grzybno, Gryfino County

Grzybno  is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Chojna, within Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland, close to the German border. It lies approximately  north-east of Chojna,  south of Gryfino, and  south of the regional capital Szczecin.

Before 1945 the area was part of Germany. For the history of the region, see History of Pomerania.


R-40 (missile)

The Bisnovat (later Molniya then Vympel) R-40 (NATO reporting name AA-6 'Acrid') is a long-range air-to-air missile developed in the 1960s by the Soviet Union specifically for the MiG-25P interceptor, but can also be carried by the later MiG-31. It is the largest air-to-air missile in the world to ever go into production.

Development
The development of the Mach 3+ North American XB-70 Valkyrie threatened to make the entire interceptor and missile force of the Voyska PVO obsolete at one stroke, thanks to its incredible speed and altitude performance. In order to counter this new threat, the MiG-25 was designed, but new air-to-air missiles were also required to enable the MiG-25 to engage its intended targets at the high speeds and altitudes dictated by the requirements. The Bisnovat design bureau began development of the long-range air-to-air missile in 1962. The resulting R-40 was initially matched with the Smerch-A ("Tornado-A") radar of the MiG-25. It was built in semi-active radar homing (R-40R) and Infrared homing (R-40T) versions.

In order to guarantee a kill at such high speeds and in the thin air, a large warhead was needed in order to have a sufficient blast effect. Large control fins were required to give the missile enough maneuvrability at high altitude. All this necessitated a very large missile and as a result, the R-40 is the largest air-to-air missile to ever enter production. It is slightly larger than the MIM-23 Hawk surface-to-air missile.

Following the defection of Soviet Air Defence Forces pilot Viktor Belenko in 1976 and the compromising of the MiG-25P's systems and the associated R-40s, Vympel developed an improved version of the missile with a better infrared countermeasures (IRCM) resistance and more sensitive seekers. The upgraded missiles were designated with the suffix -D (for 'dorabotannye', "finalized"). Later -D1 versions were also developed.

Production of the R-40 ended in 1991, but it remains in limited service arming surviving MiG-25 and some MiG-31 interceptors.

Combat history
In Soviet service, the R-40 was never fired in anger. Standard PVO procedure was to fire a 2-missile salvo at a target; 1 heat-seeking R-40T missile followed by a SARH R-40R, in order to avoid the possibility of the heat-seeking missile locking-on to the radar-guided missile.

As the MiG-25 has been exported to various states in the Middle East, the R-40 has been used in combat by Iraq and probably by Syria and Libya too. Author Tom Cooper claims that Syrian Air Force achieved an air victory on 29 June 1981 when Syrian MiG-25PD ( unit 1 FIS SAF ) shot down an Israeli F-15. This has not been confirmed.

A declassified document of the CIA reports that in the first night of Desert Storm, on 17 January 1991, Scott Speicher's F/A-18C was shot down by an R-40 fired from an Iraqi MiG-25.

Operators

Current operators

 Retired in 2008, but recent photographs suggest the MiG-31 still operates with these missiles (2010).

Former operators

  Retired. 660 missiles originally delivered.

  Passed on to successor states.

Notes


The historic county of Derbyshire, located in the 21st century region of East Midlands, was represented in Parliament from the 13th century. This article provides a list of constituencies constituting the Parliamentary representation from Derbyshire.

In 1889 Derbyshire became an administrative county and in 1974 much the same area became a shire county. Derby became a unitary authority in 1997, but it remains part of the ceremonial county of Derbyshire.

The first part of this article covers the constituencies wholly or predominantly within the area of the historic county of Derbyshire, both before and after the administrative changes of 1889 and 1974. The second part refers to constituencies mostly in another historic county, which included some territory from the historic county of Derbyshire (if any). The summaries section only refers to the constituencies included in the first section of the constituency list.

List of constituencies
Article names are followed by (UK Parliament constituency). The constituencies which existed in 1707 were those previously represented in the Parliament of England.

Key to abbreviations:
 (Type) BC Borough constituency, CC County constituency.
 (Administrative County in Notes) D historic/administrative/shire/ceremonial county of Derbyshire.

Constituencies wholly or predominantly in the historic county

Constituencies mostly in another historic county

Periods constituencies represented

Summaries

Summary of Constituencies by Type and Period

Summary of Members of Parliament by Type and Period


Waverveen

Waverveen is a small village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is located in the municipality of De Ronde Venen, 3 km west of Vinkeveen.

Waverveen was a separate municipality until 1841, when it was merged with Vinkeveen to form the municipality of Vinkeveen en Waverveen. Until 1 October 1819, Waverveen was part of Holland.


Morgan Hamm

Morgan Carl Hamm (born September 24, 1982 in Washburn, Wisconsin) is an American artistic gymnast. He is an Olympic silver medalist in the team competition at the 2004 Olympics and a two-time Olympian (2000, 2004). He also was a member of the silver-medal winning team at the 2003 World Championships. Hamm was named to the 2008 Olympic team, but withdrew from it due to injury.

Personal life
Hamm is the son of Sandy and Cecily Hamm. His twin brother, Paul Hamm, is also a gymnast and Olympic medalist. His older sister, Elizabeth (Betsy), is a former member of USA Gymnastics Senior National Team. She competed for the University of Florida, where she became the NCAA’s national balance beam champion in 1998 and was a seven-time All-American. His father was an All-American springboard diver.

In 2010, Hamm enrolled at Concordia University Wisconsin to study pharmacology. In 2014, he successfully completed his studies and earned his Doctor of Pharmacy degree. He is currently a practicing Pharm.D.

Career
Hamm competed at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney at age 17, and the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, alongside his twin brother Paul. At the 2004 Olympics, he won the silver medal with the U.S. team in the team competition. Morgan's contribution to this medal-winning performance was vital as he performed on four of the six apparatus and was the highest scorer for the team on vault and high bar. He also competed in floor and high bar finals, and only a tie-breaker kept him from winning the bronze medal on the latter event. Morgan was also a member of the U.S. team at the 2003 World Championships that won a silver medal in the team competition.

In February 2007, Hamm announced that he would return to competitive gymnastics. He competed at the 2007 Visa National Championships, on floor and pommel horse. He competed at the 2008 National Championships and at the 2008 Olympic Trials. He was warned by the United States Anti-Doping Agency in July for testing positive for glucocorticosteroid, which is not performance-enhancing or banned but only allowed if proper paperwork is filed to document that the drug is used for therapeutic reasons. Hamm received the substance through an anti-inflammatory shot to his injured ankle but failed to file the paperwork and his results at the May 24 National Championships were thrown out. Hamm claimed that he had a legitimate medical need for the drug. He was ultimately selected for the 2008 Olympic team.  However, Hamm withdrew from the Olympics on August 7, 2008, due to an ankle injury. Alexander Artemev replaced him on the team.

Sasuke

Morgan Hamm also competed alongside his brother, Paul Hamm, in the two 2005 Sasuke competitions (#14, #15,). In the 14th competition he timed out before he could attempt the "Rope Climb" in the First Stage. In the 15th competition, he made it to the third stage and ultimately failed on the "Curtain Cling" obstacle. Unlike his brother, he did not compete in the 16th competition.

Airflare

Morgan Hamm was the first person to officially introduce the B-Boy maneuver Airflare to gymnastics.

Competitive history

2008 season

2007 season

2004 season

2003 season

2002 season

2001 season

2000 season


2019 IAAF World Rankings

The 2019 IAAF World Rankings document the best performing athletes in the sport of athletics, per the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) individual athlete ranking system. It was the first year that the IAAF used the system. Individual athletes are assigned a points score best on an average of their best recent competition performances. The performance scoring is primarily based on the time or mark of the athlete, plus additional points for their placing within the competition, and some minor modifications based on the conditions. The world rankings are updated each Wednesday.

As of 2 October 2019, the number one ranked male athlete is Noah Lyles with 1477 points, and the number one ranked female athlete is Sifan Hassan with 1459 points.

Overall rankings (top 10)

Event rankings (top 10)

IAAF World Rankings, as of 17 September 2019.

100 metres

Men

Women

20 km racewalking

Men

Women

50 km racewalking

Men

Women


Konstantin Ukhtomsky

Konstantin Andreyevich Ukhtomsky (Russian: Константин Андреевич Ухтомский; (c.1818 - 1879/81, Saint Petersburg?) was a Russian painter and architect, known for his interior portraits. His father was the master copper engraver, .

Biography
He graduated from the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in 1838, with the title of "Artist XIV Class" (architecture). That year and the following year, he was awarded silver medals for his watercolors. After that, he travelled abroad and produced numerous sketches that were made into watercolors upon his return.

In 1843, he was named an "Academician" for his "Project for a Wealthy Nobleman's House". In 1858, he became a "Free-Artist". From 1850 to 1859, he was the curator of the Academy's museum; succeeding his father in that post. He was also involved in the construction of the New Michael Palace.

Fifty of his watercolors may be seen at the Hermitage Museum.

Sources

External links

More paintings @ Narod


Mizar

Mizar  is a second-magnitude star in the handle of the Big Dipper asterism in the constellation of Ursa Major.  It has the Bayer designation ζ Ursae Majoris (Latinised as Zeta Ursae Majoris).  It forms a well-known naked eye double star with the fainter star Alcor, and is itself a quadruple star system. The whole system lies about 83 light-years away from the Sun, as measured by the Hipparcos astrometry satellite, and is part of the Ursa Major Moving Group.

Nomenclature
ζ Ursae Majoris (Latinised to Zeta Ursae Majoris and abbreviated to ζ UMa or Zeta UMa) is Mizar's Bayer designation.  It also has the Flamsteed designation 79 Ursae Majoris.

The traditional name Mizar derives from the Arabic   meaning 'apron; wrapper, covering, cover'.  In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Mizar for ζ UMa.  According to IAU rules, the name Mizar strictly only applies to component Aa, although it is traditionally and popularly used for all four stars making up the single naked-eye star.

Stellar system

Mizar is a visual double with a separation of 14.4 arcseconds, each of which is a spectroscopic binary.  Its combined apparent magnitude is 2.04.  The two visible stars are referred to as ζ1 and ζ2 Ursae Majoris, or Mizar A and B.  The spectroscopic components are generally referred to as Mizar Aa, Ab, Ba, and Bb.  The stars all share a single Hipparcos designation of HIP 65378, but separate Bright Star Catalogue and Henry Draper Catalogue entries.  Mizar, together with Alcor and many of the other bright stars in Ursa Major, is a member of the Ursa Major Moving Group.

An easily split visual target, Mizar was the first telescopic binary discovered, most probably by Benedetto Castelli who in 1617 asked Galileo Galilei to observe it.  Galileo then produced a detailed record of the double star.  Later, around 1650, Riccioli wrote of Mizar appearing as a double.  The secondary star (Mizar B) comes within 380 AU of the primary (Mizar A) and the two take thousands of years to revolve around each other.

Mizar A was the first spectroscopic binary to be discovered, as part of Antonia Maury's spectral classification work, and an orbit was published in 1890.  Some spectroscopic binaries cannot be visually resolved and are discovered by studying the spectral lines of the suspect system over a long period of time.  The two components of Mizar A are both about 35 times as bright as the Sun, and revolve around each other in about 20 days 12 hours and 55 minutes.  In 1908, Mizar B was also found to be a spectroscopic binary, its components completing an orbital period every six months.  In 1996, 107 years after their discovery, the components of the Mizar A binary system were imaged in extremely high resolution using the Navy Prototype Optical Interferometer.

ζ1 Ursae Majoris

The two components of ζ1 Ursae Majoris (Mizar Aa and Ab) are observed to be identical, with the exception of slightly different radial velocity variations which indicate very slightly different masses.

The spectral lines of the two stars can be observed separately and both are given a spectral type of A2Vp.  They are Ap stars, chemically peculiar due to stratification of some heavy elements in the photosphere of slowly-rotating hot stars.  In this case, they show elevated abundances of strontium and silicon.

With the assumption of identical physical properties for the two stars, they both have temperatures of 9,000 K, radii of , and bolometric luminosities of .  They are thought to be around 370 million years old.

ζ2 Ursae Majoris
ζ2 Ursae Majoris is a single-lined spectroscopic binary, and the visible spectrum is of an Am star, named for their unusually strong lines of some metals.  The spectral type of kA1h(eA)mA7IV-V is in a form used for metallic-lined stars: the type is A1 based on the calcium K lines, early A based on the hydrogen lines, and A7 based on lines of other metals.  The luminosity class is ranked between main sequence and subgiant.  The luminosity class is intermediate between a subgiant and main sequence star.

Other names
Mizar is known as Vashistha one of the Saptarishi, in traditional Indian astronomy.

Chinese Taoism personifies ζ Ursae Majoris as the Lu star.

In Chinese,  (), meaning Northern Dipper, refers to an asterism equivalent to the Big Dipper. Consequently, the Chinese name for ζ Ursae Majoris itself is  Běi Dǒu liù, () and  Kāi Yáng, ().

Mizar is Chickadee and Alcor is his cooking pot in the Mi'kmaq myth of the great bear and the seven hunters.

Military namesakes
 USS Mizar is a cargo and passenger liner converted to a United States Navy ship
 USNS Mizar, a United States Navy ship


Solo Acoustic, Vol. 2

Solo Acoustic, Vol. 2 is a live album by American singer/songwriter Jackson Browne, released in 2008 (see 2008 in music). It reached number 4 on Billboard's Top Independent Albums and Top Internet Albums charts.

History
This album serves as a follow-up to Browne's 2005 release, Solo Acoustic, Vol. 1, which was his first live release since 1977's landmark Running on Empty. These performances were recorded at various locations in the United States and Europe during Browne's solo acoustic tour.

Reception

Music critic Thom Jurek, writing for Allmusic, criticized the between-songs commentary, but wrote that Browne's songs "communicate so directly that, presented in this manner, with only an acoustic guitar or a piano as accompaniment, we can find ourselves wandering around in reverie, or re-glimpsing the traces of emotion and time's passage as signposts to the way we live now... these 12 songs are quietly powerful, full of a particular craft and enigmatic gifts — no matter when they were written or recorded. Browne has never lost it as a songwriter; this is the proof.

Track listing
All songs written by Jackson Browne, except where otherwise noted
"Never Stop" (Jackson Browne, Mark Goldenberg, Mauricio Lewak, Kevin McCormick, Jeff Young) – 5:35
"Intro" - 2:19
"The Night Inside Me" (Browne, Goldenberg, Lewak, McCormick, Young) – 4:50
"Intro" - 1:28
"Enough of the Night" – 5:03
"Intro" - 1:51
"Something Fine" – 5:16
"Sky Blue and Black" – 5:37
"In the Shape of a Heart" – 6:45
"Alive in the World" – 4:24
"Intro" - 1:21
"Casino Nation" (Browne, Goldenberg, Lewak, McCormick, Young) – 3:52
"All Good Things" – 4:33
"Intro" - 0:58
"Somebody's Baby" (Browne, Danny Kortchmar) – 4:38
"Intro" - 1:16
"Redneck Friend" – 4:31
"Intro" - 1:42
"My Stunning Mystery Companion" – 4:08
"Walking Slow" (available as a digital download with the purchase of the album from Best Buy in the United States)

Personnel
Jackson Browne - vocal, acoustic guitar, piano

Charts
Album - Billboard (North America)


Glossary of baseball (B)

B
backdoor breaking ball
A breaking pitch, usually a slider, curveball, or cut fastball that, due to its lateral motion, passes through a small part of the strike zone on the outside edge of the plate after seeming as if it would miss the plate entirely. It may not cross the front of the plate but only the back and thus have come in through the "back door". A slider is the most common version, because a slider has more lateral motion than other breaking pitches.

backstop
The fence behind homeplate, designed to protect spectators from wild pitches or foul balls.
Catcher, sometimes "backstopper".

back-to-back
Consecutive. When two consecutive batters hit home runs, they are said to hit back-to-back homers. Or a pitcher may issue back-to-back walks, and so forth.

bad-ball hitter
A batter who excels at hitting pitches that are outside the strike zone. Notable bad ball hitters include Yogi Berra and Vladimir Guerrero.

bad hop
A ball that bounces in front of an infielder in an unexpected way, often as a result of imperfections in the field or the spin on the ball.

bag
A base. Also, a two-bagger is a double or two-base hit; a three-bagger is a triple or three-base hit; a four-bagger is a home run.

bail
A batter who sees a pitch coming toward his head may "bail out" (hit the deck).
When two fielders are converging on a fly ball, one of them may "bail out" to avoid running into the other.
A relief pitcher may come into the game with men on base and bail the previous pitcher out of a jam.

While the first two examples are analogues to bailing out of a plane via parachute, the last one is akin to bailing out a boat on the verge of being swamped, or perhaps bailing somebody out of jail.

balk

A ruling made by an umpire against a pitching motion that violates rules intended to prevent the pitcher from unfairly deceiving a baserunner. When a balk is called, each runner can freely advance one base. In professional baseball, a balk does not instantly result in a dead ball. If a pitch is thrown and all runners advance one base due to a hit, play continues and the balk is ignored. This rarely occurs because when the balk is called the pitcher normally stops his delivery and the umpire declares the ball dead and awards the bases. In non-professional baseball (high school and college), a balk instantly results in a dead ball and the runners are awarded their bases. The rules specify which pitching movements are illegal. Commonly called balks are failure for the pitcher to come to a set position (or coming set multiple times) or failure to step in the direction of the base he is throwing toward. The spirit of a balk is that certain movements mean the pitcher has begun the pitch, so the runner cannot then be picked off. Some balks result from errant or unsuccessful motions, such as when the ball slips out of the pitcher's hand. Far more rare is a catcher's balk, when the catcher moves from behind the area of the plate before the pitcher starts his delivery (applicable only during an intentional walk).

ball in play
In sabermetrics, "ball in play" and "batting average on balls in play" (BABIP) have specific technical definitions that are used to determine pitchers' ability independently of the fielding defense of a team. In this definition, a home run is not a ball in play. See Defense Independent Pitching Statistics. Also see in play.

Baltimore chop

A ball hit forcefully into the ground near home plate, producing a bounce high above the head of a fielder. This gives the batter time to reach first base safely before the ball can be fielded. An important element of Baltimore Orioles coach John McGraw's "inside baseball" strategy, the technique was popularized during Major League Baseball's dead-ball era, during which baseball teams could not rely on the home run.

To give the maximum bounce to a Baltimore chop, Orioles groundskeeper Tom Murphy packed the dirt tightly around home plate, mixed it with hard clay and left the infield unwatered. Speedy Orioles players like John McGraw, Joe Kelley, Steve Brodie, and Willie Keeler most often practiced and perfected it.

In modern baseball, the Baltimore chop is much less common, usually resulting when a batter accidentally swings over the ball. The result is sometimes more pronounced on those diamonds with artificial turf. The technique still sees use in softball.

bandbox
A ballpark with small dimensions that encourages offense, especially home runs. A crackerbox. (see: Baker Bowl and Citizens Bank Ballpark)

bang
Cancelling a game because of bad weather: "I thought we were gonna get banged but we got in five innings."
To hit the ball hard, especially to hit a homer. "Utley banged the game-tying home run."
Players who are banged up are injured, though may continue to play. Example: "Banged up Braves ready for playoff rematch with Astros."
A bang-up game is an exciting or close game. Example from a sports headline: "A Real Bang-Up Finish."
A bang bang play is one in which the runner is barely thrown out, a very close call, typically at first base. Perhaps reflecting the "bang" of the ball in the first-baseman's glove followed immediately by the "bang" of the baserunner's foot hitting the bag.
bang it inside is when a pitcher throws on the inside of the plate, and the batter cannot get his arms extended enough to hit the ball, which goes "bang" into the catcher's mitt. "It was an unbelievable feeling and a feeling I'll never forget," Giavotella said. "Scherzer was trying to come in on me all day. He was banging me inside and I couldn't get my hands extended. I guess he missed over the plate that time and I got my hands inside and barreled it up and it flew out of the park."

banjo hitter
A batter who lacks power. A banjo hitter usually hits bloop singles, often just past the infield dirt, and would have a low slugging percentage. The name is said to come from the twanging sound of the bat at contact, like that of a banjo. See also Punch and Judy hitter.

barehand it
Refers to when a fielder catches a ball with the hand not covered by his glove.

barrel
An advanced metric that measures the times a batter hits the ball at certain launch angles with certain exit velocities. Barrels are more likely to produce hits, particularly extra-base hits, than non-barrels.

barrel up
In modern baseball, refers to hitting a pitch hard with the sweet spot of the baseball bat.
See sweet spot.

base hit

See hit.

base knock
A single. Also see knocks.

Baseball Annie
Female "groupie" known to "be easy" for baseball players. Susan Sarandon played such a role as the character Annie Savoy in the 1988 American film "Bull Durham".
Infamous Ruth Ann Steinhagen was the first "Baseball Annie". She became obsessed with Cubs and then Phillies first baseman Eddie Waitkus. She shot him through the chest, nearly killing him in 1949. This story inspired the 1952 novel The Natural.

bases loaded

Runners on first, second, and third bases. Also known as "bases full", "bases packed", "bases jammed", "bases juiced", "bases chucked", "bases polluted", or "bases drunk". This presents a great scoring opportunity for the batting team, but it also presents an easy double play opportunity for the defense. Causing the bases to become loaded is called loading the bases. A batter is often intentionally walked when there are runners on 2nd and 3rd base to make it easier for the defense to record more than one out.

A bases-loaded situation is the only time there is a force at home plate.

Since there is no additional room to place the batter, should he be awarded first base from a base on balls or hit by pitch, one run will score due to the third-base player's being forced home. Chronologically, only big leaguers Abner Dalrymple, Nap Lajoie, Mel Ott, Bill Nicholson, Barry Bonds and Josh Hamilton hold the distinction of being intentionally walked with the bases loaded.

When a home run is hit with the bases loaded, it is called a grand slam. It scores four runs, which is the most runs that can be scored on a single play.

basement
Last place, bottom of the standings. Also cellar.

baserunner

A baserunner (shortened as "runner") is a player on the offensive team (i.e., the team at bat) who has safely reached base.

basket catch
Catching a fly ball with the glove situated about the waistline, as opposed to the hands being situated above the shoulders.

bat

A baseball bat is a smooth contoured round wooden or metal rod used to hit the ball thrown by the pitcher. A bat's diameter is larger at one end (the barrel-end) than at the other (the handle). The bottom end of the handle is the knob. A batter generally tries to strike the ball in the sweet spot near the middle of the barrel-end of the bat, sometimes referred to as the fat part of the bat or the meat end of the bat.
The player who uses it to strike the ball — a batter, hitter, or batsman — can be said to bat the ball.
A player known as a good hitter might be said to have a good bat. Headline: "Shortstop mixes golden glove with solid bat." A player who is adept at both hitting and fielding might be said to have a good bat and good glove. The headline "Wesleyan shortstop Winn has bat and glove" does not mean Winn owns a bat and a glove, it means he is very skilled at both hitting and fielding.
A team with many good hitters might be said to have a lot of "bats" (referring to the players not the instrument). "It's an awesome thing when we all get going like that," Murphy said. "We've got so many bats in our lineup that we're hard to beat if we keep hitting."

bat around
According to The Dickson Baseball Dictionary, a team has "batted around" when each of the nine batters in the team's lineup has made a plate appearance, and the first batter is coming up again during a single inning. Dictionary.com, however, defines "bat around" as "to have every player in the lineup take a turn at bat during a single inning". It is not an official statistic. Opinions differ as to whether nine batters must get an at-bat, or if the opening batter must bat again for "batting around" to have occurred.

bat drop
A physical property of a bat, expressed as a (usually) negative number equal to the bat's weight in ounces minus its length in inches. For example, a bat that is  long and weighs  has a bat drop of –3. In general, bats with a larger bat drop (i.e., lighter) are easier to swing, and bats with a smaller bat drop (i.e., heavier) can produce faster ball velocity, though these results depend on the batter's ability.

bat the ball
To hit the ball with the batwhether into fair territory or foul.

batter

The player who is at bat and tries to hit the ball with the bat. Also referred to as the "hitter" or "batsman".

batter's eye

A solid-colored, usually dark area beyond the center field wall that is the visual backdrop for the batter looking out at the pitcher. It allows the batter to see the pitched ball against a dark and uncluttered background, as much for the batter's safety as anything. The use of a batter's background has been standard in baseball (as well as cricket where they are called "sight screens") since at least the late 1800s.

One example of a batter's background is the black area in center field of the first Yankee Stadium. At one time there were seats in that section, but because of distractions the seats were removed and the area was painted black.

batter's box

A rectangle on either side of home plate in which the batter must be standing for fair play to resume. A foot and a hand out of the box are not sufficient to stop play (although pitchers will usually respect a batter's wish to step out of the box). The umpire must grant the batter a timeout before play is stopped.

battery

The pitcher and catcher considered as a single unit, who may also be called batterymen or batterymates of one another. The use of this word was first coined by Henry Chadwick in the 1860s in reference to the firepower of a team's pitching staff and inspired by the artillery batteries then in use in the American Civil War. Later, the term evolved to indicate the combined effectiveness of pitcher and catcher.doc4dc5ef4264ba2671265405.txt The Oakland Press, May 8, 2011

battery mates
A pitcher and catcher from the same team. See "battery".

batting average

Batting average (BA) is the average number of hits per at-bat (BA=H/AB). A perfect batting average would be 1.000 (read: "one thousand"). A batting average of .300 ("three hundred") is considered to be excellent, which means the best hitters fail to get a hit in 70% of their at-bats. Even the level of .400, which is outstanding and rare (last achieved at the major league level in 1941), suggests "failure" 60% of the time. Bases on balls are not counted in calculating batting average. This is part of the reason OBP is now regarded by "figger filberts" as a truer measure of a hitter's worth at the plate. In 1887, there was an experiment with including bases-on-balls as hits (and as at-bats) in computing the batting average. It was effectively an early attempt at an OBP, but it was regarded as a "marketing gimmick" and was dropped after the one year. It eventually put Cap Anson in limbo regarding his career hits status; dropping the bases on balls from his 1887 stats, as some encyclopedias do, put his career number of hits below the benchmark 3,000 total.

batting practice
The period, often before a game, when players warm up or practice their hitting technique. Sometimes refers to a period within a game when one team's hitters have so totally dominated a given pitcher that the game resembles a batting practice session. Referred to colloquially as well as abbreviated as BP.

battle
When a hitter works the count, by being patient, perhaps by deliberately fouling off pitches that he can't get good wood on, he's said to be "battling".

bazooka
A strong throwing arm. A gun, a cannon, a rifle.

BB
A line drive hit so hard that a fielder has trouble catching up to it. The reference is to being shot from a BB gun.
"BB" is scorer's shorthand for a walk, otherwise known as a "base on balls". Walks are recorded under the "BB" column of a box score.

BBCOR
An initialism for Batted-Ball Coefficient of Restitution, a standard that all non-wooden bats (both metal and composite) must meet in order to be approved for use in most amateur baseball leagues, such as U.S. college baseball.

bean

A pitch intentionally thrown to hit the batter if he does not move out of the way, especially when directed at the head (or the "bean" in old-fashioned slang). The word bean can also be used as a verb, as in the following headline: "Piazza says Clemens Purposely Beaned Him."

beat out
When a runner gets to first base before the throw, he beats the throw or beats it out. Akin to leg out. "Greene's throw to first base pulls Gonzalez off the bag and Norris Hopper is fast enough to beat it out before Gonzalez can get his foot back on the bag."

beat the rap
Occurs when a batter hits the ball on the ground with a runner on first and fewer than two outs. If the play has the potential of being a double play, the batter can beat the rap if he reaches first base before the throw from the fielder who recorded the putout at second base. The result of the play becomes a fielder's choice.

behind in the count
Opposite of ahead in the count. For the batter: when the count contains more strikes than balls. For the pitcher: vice versa.

If the pitcher is behind in the count, he is in increasing danger of walking the batter. If the batter is behind, he is in increasing danger of striking out. "While he allowed only three hits, he walked five and pitched from behind in the count."

belt
To hit a ball hard to the outfield or out of the park, fair or foul. "Jones belts that one deep to left... but just foul."
The actual belt worn by a player as part of the uniform, usually mentioned in reference to the location of a pitch or a ball in play. "Benard takes a fastball, outside corner at the belt, called a strike", or "Grounded sharply into the hole at short--ranging to his right, Aurilia fields the belt-high hop and fires on to first; two away."

bench
"The bench" is where the players sit in the dugout when they are not at bat, in the on-deck circle, or in the field.
"The bench" may also refer to the players who are not in the line-up but are still eligible to enter the game. "LaRussa's bench is depleted because of all the pinch hitting and pinch running duties it's been called on to perform tonight."

bench jockey
A player, coach or manager with the talent of annoying and distracting opposition players and umpires from his team's dugout with verbal repartee. Especially useful against those with rabbit ears. The verbal jousting is frequently called "riding" - hence the "rider" from the dugout becomes a "bench jockey". The art of riding opposition players enough to unnerve them (but not enough to enrage them and provoke a fight) is believed to be fast-fading in the 21st century game. Major League Baseball players on the disabled list, while permitted on the bench, are not permitted to engage in bench jockeying.

bender
A curveball.

big as a grapefruit
When a hitter sees the pitch so well that it appears to be larger than its actual size, he may describe the ball as being "as big as a grapefruit". "After hitting a 565-foot home run, Mickey Mantle once said, 'I just saw the ball as big as a grapefruit'. During a slump, Joe 'Ducky' Medwick of the St. Louis Cardinals said he was 'swinging at aspirins'."

big fly
A home run.

big inning
The opposite mentality of small ball, if a team is thinking "big inning" they are focusing on scoring runs strictly through base hits and home runs, as opposed to bunts or other sacrifices. More generically, a "big inning" is an inning in which the offense scores a large number of runs, usually four or more.

Big Leagues
A nickname for Major League Baseball

big swing
A swing of the bat that produces a home run. "Pinch runner Hernán Pérez came in for Martinez and Perez walked Dirks, setting the stage for Avila's big swing."

bigs
The big leagues, major leagues, "the Show". If you're in the bigs you're a big leaguer, a major leaguer.

bingle
A single. A base hit that ends up with the hitter on first base. "Brown tried to stretch the bingle into a double, and was out, Monte Irvin to Frank Austin." (A rare usage nowadays.)

blast
A home run, normally one that is well hit.

bleachers

Bleacher seats (in short, bleachers) are uncovered seats that are typically tiered benches or other inexpensive seats located in the outfield or in any area past the main grandstand. The term comes from the assumption that the benches are sun-bleached. "Bleachers" is short for the term originally used, "bleaching boards". Fans in the bleacher seats are sometimes called bleacher bums or bleacher creatures.

bleeder
A weakly hit ground ball that goes for a base hit. A scratch hit. "Dunn walked to bring up Morra, who jumped on the first pitch he saw and hit a bleeder that didn't leave the infield, driving in Gradwohl."

blistered
A ball that is hit so hard that it seems to generate its own heat may be said to have been blistered. "Chapman then blistered a ball toward left-center, and Knoblauch raced back, moving smoothly, and made the catch with his arm outstretched."

block the plate
A catcher who puts a foot, leg, or whole body between home plate and a runner attempting to score, is said to "block the plate". Blocking the plate is a dangerous tactic, and may be considered obstruction (Official Rules of Baseball, Rule 2.00 (Obstruction)).

bloop curve
An Eephus pitch (q.v.); a trick pitch thrown like a slow-pitch softball pitch, with a high arcing trajectory and very little velocity (ca. 40-55 mph or less). Specifically, such a pitch thrown ostensibly as a curveball.

blooper
A blooper or bloop is a weakly hit fly ball that drops in for a single between an infielder and an outfielder. Also known as a bloop single, a dying quail, or a duck snort.
A fielding error. Headline: "Red Sox roll White Sox after Contreras blooper".
An odd or funny play, such as when a pitcher throws the ball to the catcher after the batter has stepped out of the batter's box and timeout has been called -- perhaps hitting the catcher in the head with the pitch.

blow
To blow a game is to lose it after having the lead. "We had the game in hand and we blew it."
To blow a pitch ("by" a batter) is to throw one so fast the batter is unable to keep up (with it).
To blow a save is to lose a lead or the game after coming into the game in a "save situation". This has a technical meaning in baseball statistics.
A hit, typically a home run: "Ortiz's Blow Seals Win."

blow open
To gain a commanding lead in a game, perhaps after the game has been very competitive or the score has remained tied or close. "Pirates Score Late To Blow Open Close Game Against Stony Brook."

blown save
A blown save (BS) is charged to a relief pitcher who enters a game in a save situation but allows the tying run to score. If the pitcher further allows the winning run to score, he is charged with both a loss and a blown save. If, after blowing the save, the pitcher's team regains the lead, the pitcher may also be credited with the win. The blown save is not an officially recognized statistic by Major League Baseball, but is recognised by the Rolaids Relief Man Award, which charges two points against a reliever's record for a blown save opportunity. It is often used on broadcasts to characterize the "record" of closers analogous to win-loss records of starters. "Jones has made 31 out of 34 saves" or "Jones has 31 saves and three blown saves."

blowser
Rhymes with "closer". A closer who seems to get more blown saves than saves.

blue
An umpire, referring to the typical dark blue color of the umpire's uniform. Sometimes used derisively in professional baseball, such as when complaining about a call, e.g.: "Oh, come on, Blue!"

bomb
A home run.

boner
A boner is a mental mistake that changes the course of a game dramatically.

bonus baby

A young player who received a signing bonus.

bonus baseball
Extra innings. Most famously used by San Diego Padres (and former Boston Red Sox) announcer Don Orsillo. Also called "bonus cantos" by Yankees announcer Michael Kay.

booted
Made an error, kicked it – typically referring to a misplay on a ground ball. "Miguel Cabrera hit a ground ball to Alex S. Gonzalez, who booted the ball. Had Gonzalez fielded the ball properly, the Cubs could have ended the half-inning with a double play."

bottom of the inning
The second half or "last half" of an inning, during which the home team bats, derived from its position in the line score.

bottom dropped out of it
Sometimes said of a sinker or drop ball, implying that a pitch suddenly moved downward as if through a trap door. Ideally, the pitcher throws with the same familiar arm speed and release point only to have the "bottom drop out" at the last instant, leaving the batter wondering what happened.

box
The vicinity of the pitcher's mound. Baseball announcers will sometimes refer to a batted ball going back through the pitcher's mound area as having gone through the box, or a pitcher being removed from the game will be said to have been knocked out of the box. In the early days of the game, there was no mound; the pitcher was required to release the ball while inside a box drawn on the ground. Even though the mound has replaced the box, this terminology still exists.
Also, the batter's box, the area within which the batter stands when hitting. The batter must be in the box for the pitcher to pitch.

box score

Statistical summary of a game. The line score is an abbreviated version of the box score, duplicated from the field scoreboard. Invention of the box score is credited to Henry Chadwick.

BP
batting practice.
Devotees of baseball research also sometimes refer to Baseball Prospectus as BP.

BR
Bats right; used in describing a player's statistics, for example: John Doe (TR, BR, 6', 172 lbs.)

brand new ball game
When a team scores run(s) that bring the score up to a tie, it is said to be "a brand new ball game". The phrase was popularized by Hall of Fame Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully.

breaking ball

Any pitch that markedly deviates from a "straight" or expected path due to a spin used by the pitcher to achieve the desired effect. Some examples are the curveball, the slider and the screwball.

break one off
To throw a curveball.

break open the game
When a team gains a multiple-run lead, perhaps in a single rally that expands their lead, the game may be said to be "broken open". "The Padres broke the game open with five runs in the fifth, thanks to three errors by the Cubs, who have dropped 12 of 14."

bring
To pitch; often used for a fastball: bring the gas, bring the heat, bring it.

broken-bat
An adjective referring to a play that originates with a batter's breaking his bat upon making contact with the ball.

Bronx Bombers

A nickname given to the New York Yankees due to their ability to playing in a hitter-friendly ballpark.

bronx cheer
A sarcastic cheer from the crowd; "raspberries".

browsing
A batter who strikes out looking, especially if the batter did not move his bat at all. This term is mainly used by sports commentators.

brushback

A pitch intentionally thrown close to a batter to intimidate him, i.e., to "brush him back" from the plate. Also a purpose pitch or chin music. Archaic usage: "a blowdown".

buck and change
A player batting between .100 and .199 is said to be batting "a buck and change" or, more specifically, the equivalent average in dollars (bucks) and cents (change). Example: A batter batting .190 is said to be batting "a buck ninety". Major league position players with a batting average this low will very likely be demoted down to AAA for seasoning or even released outright. See also Mendoza line.

bug on the rug
Phrase coined by Pittsburgh Pirates announcer Bob Prince in the 1970s. A basehit that skittered through the gap, particularly on artificial turf.

Bugs Bunny change-up
A change-up pitch that appears to arrive at homeplate so slowly that a batter can make three swings and misses on a single pitch. Whiff-whiff-whiff, three strikes and the batter is out. The reference is to Bugs Bunny, the animated cartoon character, who is depicted employing such a pitch in the cartoon Baseball Bugs. As Hoffman's changeup evolved into an all-world weapon, his pitching teammates were in awe of it, much like many hitters were. They liked it so much, they gave it a nickname. They called it the Bugs Bunny Pitch. 'You could swing at it three times and it still wouldn't be in the mitt', Ashby said, bringing up the image of the famous cartoon. 'I swear, he could tell them it's coming and they still couldn't hit it.'

bullpen

The area used by pitchers and catchers to warm up before taking the mound when play has already begun. This area is usually off to the side along either the left or right base line, or behind an outfield fence. It is almost never in fair territory, presumably due to the risk of interference with live action. A rare exception was at New York's Polo Grounds where the bullpens were in the deep left and right center field quarter-circles of the outfield wall.
A team's relief pitching corps (so named because the relievers are in the bullpen during games).

There are varying theories of the origin of the term, discussed in more detail in the main article.

bullpen by committee
A strategy by which a club does not assign relief pitchers to specific roles such as "closer", "set-up", or "long relief", and instead may use any reliever at any given time. At the major league level, this strategy is commonly used when the club's closer is unavailable.

bullpen session
A regular activity for starting pitchers during a season.

bullpenning
An infrequently used strategy that involves using a string of relief pitchers (some of whom, in this strategy, may be pitchers more often used as starters) in stints of no more than two innings instead of relying on one pitcher to work most of the innings.

bump
The pitchers mound. "Who's on the bump today?"

bunt

To deliberately bat the ball weakly to a particular spot on the infield by holding the bat nearly still, with one hand behind the sweet spot (q.v. under bat) and letting the ball hit it. Typically, a bunt is used to advance other runners and is then referred to as a sacrifice or a sacrifice hit or a sacrifice bunt. When done correctly, fielders have no play except, at best, to throw the batter-runner out at first base.
Speedy runners also bunt for base hits when infielders are playing back. In such a situation, left-handed hitters may use a drag bunt, in which they start stepping towards first base while completing the bunt swing. Even the great slugger Mickey Mantle would drag bunt once in a while, taking advantage of his 3.1 second speed from home to first base. Currently, Ryan Zimmerman of the Nationals is notable in that he is a right-handed hitter who uses drag bunts successfully.

bush league
A slang term for play that is of minor league or unprofessional quality. The "bushes" or the "sticks" are small towns where minor league teams may operate. A "busher" refers to someone from the "bush leagues": see subtitle of Ring Lardner's first book, "You Know Me Al: A Busher's Letters".

businessman's special
A day game on a weekday.

bust him in
To throw a fastball in on the hitter's hands. Also: tie him up, in the kitchen.

butcher
A very poor fielder.

butcher boy
A strategy where the hitter first shows he intends to bunt, pulls back the bat when the pitcher begins the delivery, and takes a quick swing at the pitch. Generally used by weaker hitters such as pitchers. Greg Maddux was known for employing this tactic effectively in the early part of his career with the Chicago Cubs and Atlanta Braves.

buzz the tower
To throw a high fastball up-and-in to a hitter, typically with intent to back the hitter off the plate or make a statement. Also see brushback and purpose pitch.


Kunwar Danish Ali

Kunwar Danish Ali (born 10 April 1975) is an Indian politician and a Member of Lok Sabha for Amroha since 2019. Ali has joined Bahujan Samaj Party in March 2019 after leaving Janata Dal (Secular).

Early life
Ali was born on 10 April 1975. He hails from Hapur and is born to Jafar Ali. He graduated from Jamia Millia Islamia University in New Delhi.

Political career
Ali started his political career with Janata Dal (Secular) and went on to become the general secretary of the party. On 16 March 2019, he joined Bahujan Samaj Party with the consent of Janata Dal (Secular) leader and Karnataka chief minister H.D. Kumaraswamy. Six days later, Bahujan Samaj Party announced that Ali would contest the upcoming 2019 Indian general election from Amroha constituency. On 23 May, he was elected to the Lok Sabha after defeating Kanwar Singh Tanwar of the Bharatiya Janata Party, his nearest rival by a margin of nearly 63,000 votes. Ali was polled 601,082 votes.


Qarahjah Veran-e Olya

Qarahjah Veran-e Olya (, also Romanized as Qarahjah Verān-e ‘Olyā; also known as Qarahchah Verān-e Bālā, Qarahchah Verān-e ‘Olyā, and Qarehchah Verān-e Bālā) is a village in Chaldoran-e Jonubi Rural District, in the Central District of Chaldoran County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 166, in 22 families.


Palatas

Palatas is the surname of the following people
Cameron Palatas (born 1994), American actor
Nick Palatas (born 1988), American actor, brother of Philip and Cameron


8th Street station (Philadelphia)

8th Street is a subway station in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania at the corner of 8th Street and Market Street. It is served by SEPTA's Market-Frankford Line and the Broad–Ridge Spur of the Broad Street Line, and the PATCO Speedline (which is also known as the "Lindenwold Line"). The station is owned by SEPTA; PATCO leases its section. It is the only station in Philadelphia where all three subways interchange.

The station is called 8th Street on the Market-Frankford Line, and 8th & Market on the Broad-Ridge Spur and the PATCO Speedline. It has two levels, with SEPTA running east–west on the upper and PATCO running north–south on the lower.

For decades the corner of 8th and Market was Philadelphia's retail hub, with major department stores Strawbridge's, Gimbels and Lit Brothers located at the intersection, all with direct entrances to the subway. A concourse still feeds traffic from the station to the Fashion District Philadelphia shopping mall.

Market-Frankford Line
SEPTA's Market-Frankford Line is on the upper level. There are two single platforms on the north and south sides of the stations. Passengers may transfer between platforms within the paid area via stairs.

Broad-Ridge Spur
8th & Market is the southern terminus of the Broad-Ridge Spur. Formerly a branch of the Broad Street Line, it originally used a now-abandoned track to connect to the Locust Street Subway (now used by PATCO). There is no free transfer to and from the Broad-Ridge Spur.

PATCO
PATCO trains are on the lower level. There is one island platform perpendicular to the Market-Frankford Line. The PATCO platform has two fare areas, one at the north end (below MFL's 69th Street-bound platform), the other at the south (below the Frankford-bound platform). Each fare area contains a staircase, an elevator, and an "up" escalator. Every PATCO platform has a distinct accent color: the 8th Street accent color is teal.

Station layout
The Broad–Ridge Spur and  Market–Frankford Line platforms, while on the same level, are perpendicular to each other.

Station exterior

External links

SEPTA - 8th Street MFL and BRS stations
8th & Market (PATCO)
 8th Street entrance from Google Maps Street View


Stenoptilodes agricultura

Stenoptilodes agricultura is a moth of the family Pterophoridae that is known from Venezuela.

The wingspan is about . Adults are on wing in October.

Etymology
The name "Rancho Grande" means, large cattle farm. This locality has provided many interesting plume moth species.

External links

agricultura


Minimum-gauge railway

Minimum-gauge railways have a gauge of most commonly , , , ,  or . The notion of minimum-gauge railways was originally developed by estate railways and the French company of Decauville for industrial railways, mining, and farming applications.

History
The term was originally conceived by Sir Arthur Percival Heywood  who used it in 1874 to describe the principle behind his Duffield Bank Railway, specifically its  gauge, distinguishing it from a "Narrow Gauge" railway. Having previously built a small railway of  gauge, he settled on  as the minimum that he felt was practical..  The original text of Heywood's article defining minimum gauge railways is available online Heywood - Minimum Gauge Railways

In general, minimum-gauge railways maximize their loading gauge, where the dimension of the equipment is made as large as possible with respect to the track gauge while still providing enough stability to keep it from tipping over.  Standard gauge railways have vehicles that are approximately twice the track gauge in width - but with minimum gauge railways this can be as much as four times the width of the track as in some of the Sugar Cane Railways of Australia. Minimum-gauge railways allowed for ease of mobility on battlefields, mines, and other restricted environments.

A number of  gauge railways were built in Britain to serve ammunition depots and other military facilities, particularly during the First World War.

In France, Decauville produced a range of portable track railways running on  and  tracks, most commonly in restricted environments such as underground mine railways, parks and farms.

During World War II, it was proposed to expedite the Yunnan–Burma Railway using  gauge, since such a small gauge can have the tightest of curves in difficult terrain.

Distinction between a ridable miniature railway and a minimum-gauge railway
The major distinction between a miniature railway (USA: 'riding railroad' or 'grand scale railroad') and a minimum-gauge railway is that miniature lines use models of full-sized prototypes. There are miniature railways that run on gauges as wide as , for example the Wicksteed Park Railway. There are also rideable miniature railways running on extremely narrow tracks as small as  gauge, for example the Rudyard Lake Steam Railway. Around the world there are also several rideable miniature railways open to the public using even narrower gauges, such as  and .

Generally minimum-gauge railways have a working function as estate railways, or industrial railways, or providers of public transport links; although most have a distinct function in relation to tourism, and depend upon tourism for the revenue to support their working function.

Installations


2012 CONCACAF Men's Pre-Olympic Tournament qualification

There will be a qualification held to determine the two qualifiers from the Caribbean and three from Central America who will join Canada, Mexico and the United States at the final tournament.

Tiebreakers
Per FIFA regulations the group tiebreakers for all qualifying tournaments will be:

goal difference in all group matches
greatest number of goals scored in all group matches
If two or more teams are equal on the basis of the above criteria, their rankings shall be determined as follows:
greater number of points obtained in all group matches between the teams concerned
goal difference resulting from the group matches between the teams concerned
greater number of goals scored in all group matches between the teams concerned
play-off match on neutral ground (with extra time and penalty kicks, if necessary)

Caribbean
On 17 May 2011 CONCACAF announced the groups for the Caribbean qualifying. The group winners will advance to the second round, where two of them will qualify for the final qualifying tournament.

First Round

Group A
Suriname was host for Group A.

The Jamaica-Suriname match was abandoned in injury time with the score at 2–2 due to a pitch invasion and a brawl in which the Jamaican coach and players attacked officials and police; the result stands.

Group B
Dominica was host for Group B.

Group C
Cuba was host for Group C.

Group D
Saint Kitts and Nevis was host for Group D.

Second Round
St Kitts and Nevis was host for the Second Round.

Central America
On 3 May 2011, the UNCAF announced the two groups that will fight for three spots for the 2012 CONCACAF Men's Pre-Olympic Tournament.

Group 1
Played from 13–17 September 2011 in El Salvador.

Group 2
Played from 21–25 September 2011 in Honduras.

Playoff

 Panama won 3–2 on aggregate.


2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 6 – Women's mass start

The women's mass start race of the 2013–14 ISU Speed Skating World Cup 6, arranged in the Thialf arena, in Heerenveen, Netherlands, was held on 14 March 2014.

Francesca Lollobrigida of Italy won the race, while Irene Schouten of the Netherlands came second, and Ivanie Blondin of Canada came third.

Results
The race took place on Friday, 14 March, scheduled at 18:05.