Diamond Langi

Diamond Langi (born 9 January 1992) is a Tongan-New Zealand model, actress, and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe New Zealand 2019. She represented New Zealand at the Miss Universe 2019 competition.

Personal life
Diamond Langi was born on 9 January 1992 in Auckland; both her parents are from Tonga where she hails from the village of Vaini, Tongatapu. Langi was raised in Salt Lake City, Utah in the United States, and later moved to Sydney and now resides in Auckland, New Zealand. Diamond is an international model, actress, and a on camera host/journalist with a background in music. Diamond Langi has graduated with her Masters in Advanced Professional styling at Australian Style Institute.

Pageantry

Miss Pacific Islands 2012
Langi began her pageantry career when she competed as Miss Bou's Fashion at the annual Miss Heilala pageant in 2012 where the winner competes as Miss Tonga at the Miss Pacific Islands pageant. Diamond placed 4th winning the Sarong (Swim Wear) category.

Face of Beauty International 2013
Langi then went on to compete for the title of Miss Face of Beauty International in 2013 representing Tonga where she won in Thailand.

Miss Earth Tonga 2017
Langi was crowned Miss Earth Tonga 2017 and then competed at Miss Earth 2017 pageant in Manila, Philippines.

Miss Earth 2017
Langi represented Tonga at Miss Earth 2017 in the Philippines and placed in the Top 16 finalist.

Miss Universe New Zealand 2019
Langi returned to her pageantry career to compete at Miss Universe New Zealand 2019 on August 17, 2019, where she won the title of Miss Universe New Zealand 2019.

Miss Universe 2019
Langi represented New Zealand at Miss Universe 2019 pageant.


River Forest, Illinois

River Forest is a suburban village adjacent to Chicago in Cook County, Illinois, U.S. Two universities make their home in River Forest, Dominican University and Concordia University Chicago. The village is closely tied to the larger neighboring community of Oak Park. There are significant architectural designs located in River Forest such as the Winslow House by Frank Lloyd Wright. The population of the village was 11,172 at the 2010 census. River Forest has a railroad station with service to Chicago on Metra's Union Pacific/West Line.

Geography
According to the 2010 census, River Forest has a total area of , of which  (or 99.92%) is land and  (or 0.08%) is water.

Education
Dominican University and Concordia University Chicago are both located in River Forest.

There are two public elementary schools, Lincoln Elementary School and Willard Elementary School, and one public middle school, Roosevelt Middle School. The elementary and middle schools are in River Forest Public Schools District 90. River Forest shares a high school with Oak Park, known as Oak Park and River Forest High School, located in Oak Park.

River Forest is home to two Catholic grade schools and one Lutheran grade school. Grace Lutheran School enrolls children from 3 years old through eighth grade. River Forest has one all-girls' secondary school, Trinity High School.

River Forest also has the Keystone Montessori School, established in 1994. It serves children 9 months of age to 8th grade as an alternative learning style for children. It educates children using the philosophy of Maria Montessori.

The River Forest Public Library is located at 735 Lathrop Avenue.

Government and infrastructure
The United States Postal Service operates the River Forest Post Office at 401 William Street.

Demographics

As of the census of 2010, there were 11,172 people, 3,961 households, and 2,776 families residing in the village. There were 4,176 housing units. The racial makeup of the village was 84.8% White (down from 86.35% in 2000), 6.7% African American (down from 7.8%), 0.1% Native American, 4.5% Asian (up from 3.13%), 1.8% from other races (up from .98%), and 2% from two or more races (up from 1.59%) Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6% of the population (up from 4.01%).

The average household size was 2.61; the average family size was 3.19 (families constituted 70.1% of households). 51.5% of family households had related children under age 18 living with them. People living alone constituted 26.3% of households. The median age was 41.3, with 14.2% of residents being over age 65.

The median income for a household in the village was $122,854, and the median income for a family was $171,100. Males working full-time had a median income of $124,695 versus $64,250 for females. The per capita income for the village was $66,028.  About 3.4% of families and 5.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.8% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.

Notable residents
River Forest has been home to many notorious Italian organized crime families since the early-20th century, including Tony Accardo (boss from about 1945 to 1992) and Joseph Andriacchi. Former Mystery Science Theater 3000 actor Kevin Murphy grew up in River Forest. Famed radio commentator Paul Harvey resided in River Forest until his death in 2009, as did Nello Ferrara, founder of Ferrara Pan Candy Company (Lemonheads, Red Hots, Original Boston Baked Beans). Anne Smedinghoff, the first State Department Foreign Service Officer to be killed in Afghanistan, also grew up there. Director of the first and second Harry Potter movies Chris Columbus kept a home in River Forest due to his wife's family ties, and former Chicago Cubs pitcher Carlos Zambrano once lived in River Forest. Kathryn McGee, a resident of River Forest since 1956, has been recognized for founding two of the first organizations for the benefit of those with Down syndrome. Cook County former state's attorney Anita Alvarez lives in River Forest.  Several junk food inventors resided in River Forest, including Edwin Perkins, who invented Kool-Aid, James Dewar, who invented the Twinkie, and Franklin Clarence Mars, who invented the Mars Bar. The winner of MasterChef Junior (U.S. season 4) was Addison Osta-Smith, a 9-year-old from River Forest. Charles F. Baumrucker owned a jewelry business in River Forest; Baumrucker served as president of the village of River Forest and also served in the Illinois Senate.

Notable events

River Forest hosted the 2016 Little League Baseball Illinois State Tournament at Keystone Park.

2019 Little League Illinois Baseball Champions

For 18 years, the neighborhood has hosted a yearly 9/11 Lemon-Aid stand on the 700 block of Bonnie Brae which donates all proceeds are donated to local charities. The first year, the event raised $400 for Hepzibah Children's Association. Last year, $36,000 was raised for Kidz Express. To date, $323,000 has been donated by the event.

Every year, the Rotary Club of Oak Park River Forest hosts the Food Truck Rally in Keystone Park that donates all net proceeds to local charities. The event includes 10 trucks with sweet, savory, and beer trucks; a live music stage; and, a family activities area.


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Tic

A tic is a sudden, repetitive, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization involving discrete muscle groups.  Tics can be invisible to the observer, such as abdominal tensing or toe crunching.  Common motor and phonic tics are, respectively, eye blinking and throat clearing.

Tics must be distinguished from movements of other movement disorders such as chorea, dystonia, myoclonus; movements exhibited in stereotypic movement disorder or some autistic people, and the compulsions of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and seizure activity.

Classification

Tics are classified as either motor or phonic, and simple or complex.

Motor or phonic

Motor tics are movement-based tics affecting discrete muscle groups.

Phonic tics are involuntary sounds produced by moving air through the nose, mouth, or throat. They may be alternately referred to as verbal tics or vocal tics, but most diagnosticians prefer the term phonic tics to reflect the notion that the vocal cords are not involved in all tics that produce sound.

Simple or complex

Simple motor tics are typically sudden, brief, meaningless movements that usually involve only one group of muscles, such as eye blinking, head jerking, or shoulder shrugging.  Motor tics can be of an endless variety and may include such movements as hand clapping, neck stretching, mouth movements, head, arm or leg jerks, and facial grimacing.

A simple phonic tic can be almost any sound or noise, with common vocal tics being throat clearing, sniffing, or grunting.

Complex motor tics are typically more purposeful-appearing and of a longer nature.  They may involve a cluster of movements and appear coordinated. Examples of complex motor tics are pulling at clothes, touching people, touching objects, echopraxia (repeating or imitating another person's actions) and copropraxia (involuntarily performing obscene or forbidden gestures).

Complex phonic tics include echolalia (repeating words just spoken by someone else), palilalia (repeating one's own previously spoken words), lexilalia (repeating words after reading them), and coprolalia (the spontaneous utterance of socially objectionable or taboo words or phrases). Coprolalia is a highly publicized symptom of Tourette syndrome; however, only about 10% of TS patients exhibit coprolalia.

Martino, et al have argued that tics may be considered physiological, or developmentally typical.

Characteristics

Tics are described as semi-voluntary or unvoluntary, because they are not strictly involuntary—they may be experienced as a voluntary response to the unwanted, premonitory urge. A unique aspect of tics, relative to other movement disorders, is that they are suppressible yet irresistible; they are experienced as an irresistible urge that must eventually be expressed.

Tics may increase as a result of stress, fatigue, boredom, or high-energy emotions, which can include negative emotions, such as anxiety, as well as positive emotions, such as excitement or anticipation. Relaxation may result in a tic increase (for instance, watching television or using a computer), while concentration on an absorbing activity often leads to a decrease in tics.  Neurologist and writer Oliver Sacks described a physician with severe Tourette syndrome (Canadian Mort Doran, M.D., a pilot and surgeon in real life, although a pseudonym was used in the book), whose tics remitted almost completely while he was performing surgery.

Immediately preceding tic onset, most individuals are aware of an urge that is similar to the need to yawn, sneeze, blink, or scratch an itch. Individuals describe the need to tic as a buildup of tension that they consciously choose to release, as if they "had to do it".  Examples of this premonitory urge are the feeling of having something in one's throat or a localized discomfort in the shoulders, leading to the need to clear one's throat or shrug the shoulders. The actual tic may be felt as relieving this tension or sensation, similar to scratching an itch. Another example is blinking to relieve an uncomfortable sensation in the eye. Some people with tics may not be aware of the premonitory urge. Children may be less aware of the premonitory urge associated with tics than are adults, but their awareness tends to increase with maturity.

Complex tics are rarely seen in the absence of simple tics. Tics "may be challenging to differentiate from compulsions", as in the case of klazomania (compulsive shouting).

Diagnosis

Tic disorders occur along a spectrum, ranging from mild (transient or chronic tics) to more severe; Tourette syndrome is the more severe expression of a spectrum of tic disorders, which are thought to be due to the same genetic vulnerability.  Nevertheless, most cases of Tourette syndrome are not severe.  Management for the spectrum of tic disorders is similar to the management of Tourette syndrome.

Tic disorders are defined based on symptoms and duration.  The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published in May 2013, reclassified Tourette's and tic disorders as motor disorders listed in the neurodevelopmental disorder category, removed the word "stereotyped" from the definition of tic to better distinguish between stereotypies and tics, replaced transient tic disorder with provisional tic disorder, removed the criterion that tics must occur nearly every day, and removed the criterion that previously had excluded long tic-free periods (months) from counting towards the year needed to diagnose Tourette's or Persistent (Chronic) tic disorders.

Differential diagnosis
Dystonias, paroxysmal dyskinesias, chorea, other genetic conditions, and secondary causes of tics should be ruled out in the differential diagnosis.  Conditions besides Tourette syndrome that may manifest tics or stereotyped movements include developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and stereotypic movement disorder;  Sydenham's chorea; idiopathic dystonia; and genetic conditions such as Huntington's disease,  neuroacanthocytosis, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Wilson's disease, and tuberous sclerosis. Other possibilities include chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, XYY syndrome, and fragile X syndrome. Acquired causes of tics include drug-induced tics, head trauma, encephalitis, stroke, and carbon monoxide poisoning. Most of these conditions are rarer than tic disorders, and a thorough history and examination may be enough to rule them out, without medical or screening tests.

Although tic disorders are commonly considered to be childhood syndromes, tics occasionally develop during adulthood; adult-onset tics often have a secondary cause. Tics that begin after the age of 18 are not diagnosed as Tourette's syndrome, but may be diagnosed as an "other specified" or "unspecified" tic disorder.

Tests may be ordered as necessary to rule out other conditions: For example, when diagnostic confusion between tics and seizure activity exists, an EEG may be ordered, or symptoms may indicate that an MRI is needed to rule out brain abnormalities. TSH levels can be measured to rule out hypothyroidism, which can be a cause of tics. Brain imaging studies are not usually warranted. In teenagers and adults presenting with a sudden onset of tics and other behavioral symptoms, a urine drug screen for cocaine and stimulants might be necessary. If a family history of liver disease is present, serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels can rule out Wilson's disease.

Individuals with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) may present with features typically associated with a tic disorder, such as compulsions that may resemble motor tics. "Tic-related OCD" is hypothesized to be a subgroup of OCD, distinguished from non-tic-related OCD by the content and type of obsessions and compulsions; individuals with tic-related OCD have more intrusive thoughts, and exhibit more hoarding and counting rituals than individuals with non-tic-related OCD.

Tics must also be distinguished from fasciculations. Small twitches of the upper or lower eyelid, for example, are not tics, because they do not involve a whole muscle. They are twitches of a few muscle fibre bundles, which can be felt but barely seen. Such eyelid twitches also differ from tics in that they are not suppressible, are strictly involuntary, and tend to fade after a day or two.


1940 Venezuelan Primera División season

The 1940 season of the Venezuelan Primera División, the top category of Venezuelan football, was played by 6 teams. The national champions were Unión.

Results

Standings

External links
Venezuela 1940 season at RSSSF

Ven


The 1869–70 New South Wales colonial election was held between 3 December 1869 and 10 January 1870. This election was for all of the 72 seats in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and it was conducted in 52 single-member constituencies, six 2-member constituencies and two 4-member constituencies, all with a first past the post system. Suffrage was limited to adult white males. The previous parliament of New South Wales was dissolved on 15 November 1869 by the Governor, Lord Belmore, on the advice of the Premier, John Robertson.

There was no recognisable party structure at this election; instead the government was determined by a loose, shifting factional system.

Key dates

Results
{{Australian elections/Title row
| table style = float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em;
| title        = New South Wales colonial election, 3 December 1869 – 10 January 1870
| house        = Legislative Assembly
| series       = New South Wales colonial election
| back         = 1864–65
| forward      = 1872
| enrolled     = 124,433
| total_votes  = 87,137
| turnout %    = 53.70
| turnout chg  = +2.30
| informal     = 226
| informal %   = 0.41
| informal chg = +0.05
}}

|}


Kadampuzha Devi Temple

Kadampuzha Devi Temple is a Hindu temple and pilgrimage center at Kadampuzha in  Malappuram district, Kerala, India. The main deity of this temple is Goddess Parvati/Durga in the form of a huntress. There is no idol of Goddess in this temple, and she is worshipped in a pit. The presence of Lord Ganesha is also believed to be with the Goddess, and there are sub-shrines for Lord Sastha and serpent deities. A separate Shiva temple exists near the temple, called 'Madambiyarkavu'. Both these temples are under the control of Malabar Devaswom Board.


Mattarello

Mattarello is a small town in Trentino, Italy. It has been subsumed into a frazione of the comune of Trento, having previously been an independent comune. It has a population of 6,018.

Mattarello is the site of the interdepartmental research centre CIBIO(Centre for Integrative Biology, part of the University of Trento), which applies cross-disciplinary approaches to the study of basic biological processes and their derangement in disease.

Trento airport is near the town, and adjacent the airport is the Museo dell'Aeronautica Gianni Caproni (Gianni Caproni Museum of Aeronautics), an aeronautical museum named in honour of engineer, aircraft designer and businessman Gianni Caproni, whose company made the first aircraft constructed in Italy.

Mattarello is also the Italian word for rolling pin.


Medea (Pacini)

Medea is an opera in three acts composed by Giovanni Pacini to a libretto by Benedetto Castiglia. It premiered on 28 November 1843 at the Teatro Carolino in Palermo, conducted by the composer with Geltrude Bortolotti in the title role. The libretto is based on the plays Medea by Euripides and Médée by Pierre Corneille.

Performance history
Following its premiere on 28 November 1843 at the Teatro Carolino on Palermo, Pacini revised the work for its performance at the Teatro Eretenio in Vicenza in 1845. It was further revised for its first performance at La Fenice in Venice on 9 March 1850. The final and definitive version premiered at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples on 26 February 1853. For two decades Pacini's Medea enjoyed considerable popularity in Italy, Russia and South America. It then fell into obscurity, eclipsed by Bellini's Norma which has a similar story and Cherubini's Médée which in the 20th century became a vehicle for Maria Callas.

However, it has had some modern revivals, most notably the 1993 performance at the Teatro Comunale Chiabrera in Savona conducted by Richard Bonynge with Jolanta Omilian in the title role (a live recording was released on the Agora label), and the 2006 semi-staged production at the Teatro Antico in Taormina conducted by Tyrone Paterson with Simona Baldolini in the title role.

Roles

Synopsis
Setting: Corinth in Ancient Greece
The heroic warrior Giasone plans to abandon his wife Medea to marry Glauce the daughter of Creonte the king of Corinth. In revenge Medea murders their two children and then commits suicide.

Notable arias and duets
"Odi sola in preda" - duet, Giasone and Medea, Act 1
"Ah dolci nel seno - Medea in the finale of Act 3 (added in the 1845 Vicenza revision)


Athletics at the 1983 Pan American Games – Men's triple jump

The men's triple jump event at the 1983 Pan American Games was held in Caracas, Venezuela on 27 August.

Results


Arturo Stable

Arturo Stable is a Cuban master percussionist and composer. His diverse musical experience and unique sound have allowed him to work in many environments, but he is best known as a Latin jazz percussionist. He has performed in many famous jazz festivals around the world, such as the San Francisco Jazz Festival and the Vitoria-Gasteiz jazz festival, and has also played with some of the most notable jazz performers, including Paquito D'Rivera. Esperanza Spalding and David Sánchez,

Early life

Youth
Stable was born in Santiago de Cuba, the cradle of the island nation's most important center of culture and home of such elemental music styles as the Guajira and Son. Nurtured in a family that is deeply involved in the performing and visual arts and encouraged by his father Arturo Sr., a musician and a painter, the youngster began his formal study of music at the age of four, taking piano and theory lessons.

Early education
When his family moved to Havana, Stable continued his music education. He earned his first degree, in percussion, at the Amadeo Roldán Conservatory, an esteemed institution that has over the decades groomed the talents of countless other celebrated Cuban musicians, among them pianists Gonzalo Rubalcaba and Hilario Durán and saxophonist Yosvany Terry.
In 1993, Stable relocated to Puebla, Mexico, a metropolis south of Mexico City, where he polished his skills as a percussionist working as a sideman, performing everything from Latin jazz to rock and traditional Latin styles. He also began his career as an educator, teaching classical and Afro-Cuban percussion at the Puebla State University (Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla). At the same time, he pursued a post-graduate degree in music education from the Puebla State Development University.

Career development

2001–07
In 2001, Stable received a scholarship to study at the Berklee College of Music. By 2003 he had earned a degree in Contemporary Writing and Production and cultivated friendships with many of the musicians who accompany him on his solo artist career. After graduating from Berklee, he released his first album as a leader, called 3rd Step, in 2004. The album's name had its origins in a three-step process that Stable had planned to fulfill his dream of becoming a skillful musician. The first step involved moving to the U.S. in order to have the chance to fulfill his career goals. The second step consisted of furthering his learning and growing musically. Finally, the third step was to create a recording where he could apply all the lessons he had learned (thus far). Stable's debut album was received with warm reviews, including from Latin Beat Magazine, which stated: "Stable, who also composed and arranged, shows that he has staying power with this first project."

In the years following his debut album, Stable expanded his musical horizons and enriched his cultural knowledge. In July 2006 he played as a member of Javier Vercher's Sexteto for the 30th edition of the Vitoria-Gasteiz jazz festival (Spain).
Stable contributed as a co-founder of Musinetwork School of Music (currently the most important music education website for Spanish speakers) in 2007. There, he has reached music students from all over the world who cannot afford the cost of studying abroad with great professors and has helped them master the skills and knowledge they will need to become talented musicians.

Also in 2007, Stable released his second album as leader, Notes on Canvas, to several positive reviews including that of JazzTimes magazine, which stated: "Emotive melodies and masterful arrangements reflect his subjects' origins, while Stable thrusts directly to the center with powerful rhythmic leadership". In this superb Jazz masterpiece that includes the participation of more than a dozen of great musicians, Stable composed each tune inspired by 9 different paintings that Stable chose from his favorite pieces of art. The album's release was celebrated on December at Cachaça Jazz Club,
where Stable led a stellar quintet, featuring saxophonist Miguel Zenon, pianist Robert Rodriguez, bassist Edward Perez and drummer Henry Cole.

2008–present
Stable played a major role in the 10th International Puebla Festival (Mexico) on September 2008. During the closing of the event, Stable played as a featured guest with the Puebla State Symphony Orchestra,
which performed one of Stable's compositions, "Suite Omnira".
Following the success from the previous year, Stable returned to Mexico as the Adjunct Artistic Director of the first Puebla Jazz Festival in 2009.
Here, he collaborated with the Puebla State University and other sponsoring institutions to bring an impressive arrangement of great musicians, including Newman Taylor Baker, James Newton, Dave Samuels and Stable himself among many others.

In 2009, Stable also released his third album as leader, Call, which won "best album of the week" in the Latin Jazz Corner
and received great reviews from many notable sources. Latin Jazz Network described it as "craftsmanship at its finest."
A few months after the album's release in 2010, DRUM Magazine wrote a two-page article about Stable and this newly released album, stating that Call "redefines the outer limits of Latin jazz through complex and compelling original works and an outpouring of virtuosic performances by Stable and his quintet."

While working resolutely in his career as a performer, Stable's never-ending thirst for knowledge made him return to the academy to pursue a higher degree in music. In 2010 Stable acquired a master's degree from the University of the Arts in Philadelphia.

In January 2012, Stable teamed up with Cuban pianist Elio Villafranca for an album entitled Dos y mas, on which the duo's similar backgrounds and musically rich experiences can be heard "as these two meld their minds and marry their musical intentions to create a program of organic, original music."
JazzTimes magazine stated that "their kinship goes far beyond technical facility or theory. It's more spiritual."

Stable currently resides in the U.S. where he also serves as an endorser of and clinician for Ritmo Percussion and is the Chair of the Hand Percussion Department at the University of The Arts in Philadelphia. Later in 2012, Stable is also preparing to release in partnership with Ritmo Studios a new line of instruments many of which are his own design. This master percussionist and talented composer is one of the most prominent upcoming Latin Jazz talents of his time.

Discography

Albums as leader
3rd Step (Origen Records, 2004). Arturo's first album as a band leader.
Notes on Canvas (Origen Records, 2007) – with the participation of more than 15 musicians, featuring among them Grammy Award winners Paquito D'Rivera and David Sánchez.
Call (Origen Records, 2009) – a quintet outing showcasing pianist Aruan Ortiz, bassist Edward Perez, saxophonist Javier Vercher and drummer Francisco Mela, with special guest Ian Izquierdo on violin.

Albums as co-leader
Dos Y Mas (Motéma, 2012) – the debut recording of Elio Villafranca and Arturo Stable's piano and percussion collaboration.


Māori potatoes

Māori potatoes or taewa are varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum subsp. tuberosum and andigena) cultivated by Māori people, especially those grown before New Zealand was colonised by the British.

Māori have grown potatoes for at least 200 years, and "taewa" refers collectively to some traditional varieties, including Karuparerā, Huakaroro, Raupī, Moemoe, and Tūtae-kurī. These are smaller, knobblier, and more colourful than modern potato varieties, which are referred to by the loanword pārete. Other collective names for traditional Māori potatoes are rīwai, parareka and mahetau.

Māori potatoes are commonly used as a base ingredient in rewena bread.

Origins and history
There is disagreement over how long Māori have grown taewa in Aotearoa. Potatoes originate in the Andes and temperate Chile, and were brought to Europe in the 15th century. James Cook is presumed to have introduced potatoes to New Zealand in his first voyage (1769), as is Marion de Fresne. More South American varieties came with sealers and whalers in the early 19th century. But Māori traditions maintain that taewa were cultivated well before then.

Taewa became a staple Māori food crop before organised European settlement, displacing sweet potatoes (kūmara) and bracken fern root (aruhe) as a primary carbohydrate source. Taewa were able to grow in cooler climates, and were easier to store than kūmara.

They were also an important trade good during the first period of European contact with Aotearoa around 1800 onwards. Māori grew taewa commercially until the late 19th century but these were gradually supplanted by larger commercial potato varieties from Europe, which have higher yields. Māori have continued to grow traditional varieties, passing them from generation to generation. This selection over time has made them hardy and mostly disease resistant.

Cultivation
Taewa are generally grown with the same techniques and technology as commercial varieties. Taewa tend to produce more tubers per plant, but they are smaller than modern potatoes. Traditionally, they are planted in spring, with maintenance tasks during the summer, and harvest in late autumn. Crops were planted according to the maramataka using crop rotation methods, and wood ash for fertiliser. All levels of society took part in production and harvesting.

Naming

Some taewa are known by multiple names. Koanga Institute have identified several that are infact the same variety of potato such as karoro and peru ma.

Varieties of Taewa

 Amuri (aka Richard Watson)
 Catriona
 Chatham Hollomby
 Chatham Island
 Huakaroro / Karoro / Peru Ma
 Kereopa / Ngateuteu
 Kowiniwini
 Maori Chief
 Maori / Roke Roke / Waikato
 Matariki
 Moemoe
 Paraketia
 Pawhero
 Stewart Island
 Taranaki
 Urenika
 Wai-iti / Whanaako Ngati Porou
 Waitai
 Whataroa
 Whero Whero

Pests and disease
Prior to widespread European settlement, taewa did not suffer much from pests or disease. The biggest pest were native caterpillars which were controlled through fumigation using kauri gum or dried kawakawa leaves (Piper excelsum).

Common pests
Today, insect pests include potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) and wireworm (Conoderus exsul) which both feed on leaves, stems, and may directly damage tubers.

Aphids in particular are considered vectors for diseases. Taewa can be affected by green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani), and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae).

Green looper caterpillar (Chrysodeixis eriosoma) and hadda beetle (Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata) can also affect taewa, but generally only cause damage to the plant's foliage.

Tomato and potato psyllid (Bactericera cokerelli) arrived in New Zealand in 2006 and poses a threat to many solanaceous crops, including taewa. Psyllids can reduce crop yields by up to 80%.

Rats (Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus) and wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are known to attack tubers, while pukeko (Porphyrio porphryio melanotus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and hares (Lepus europaeus) may attack new foliage.

Common diseases
Taewa are susceptible to potato leafroll virus, potato virus y, potato virus x, and potato virus s. These are spread by aphids, machinery, and the propagation of infected tubers.

As well as viruses, taewa can be infected by a range of fungal diseases. Late blight (Phytophthroa infestans), pink rot (Phytopthora erythroseptica), Verticillium wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum and V. dahliae), and Fusarium dry rot (Fusarium sambucinum) have the biggest potential impacts on crops.

Early blight (Alternaria solani), stem canker (Rhizoctonia solani), powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea), and silver scurf (Helminthosporium solani) will damage plants to a lesser degree.

It has been noted that the varieties huakaroro, karupārera, and tūtaekurī show a small natural resistance to late blight. Powdery scab is more likely to affect huakaroro and urenika, while karupārera and moemoe appear highly resistant. The variety pawhero is particularly susceptible to Fusarium dry rot, which affects its ability to be stored.

Common scab (Streptomyces scabies) may cause cosmetic damage to tubers. Bacterial soft rot (Erwinia carotovora) and Liberibacter and Zebra chip (Candidatus liberibacter solanacearum) may cause significant crop loss.


Members of the Western Australian Legislative Council, 2001–2005

This is a list of members of the Western Australian Legislative Council between 22 May 2001 and 21 May 2005:

Notes

 North Metropolitan Liberal MLC Alan Cadby resigned to sit as an independent on 2 June 2004, after losing Liberal pre-selection to recontest his seat at the 2005 election.
 South West MLC Paddy Embry was elected as a One Nation member, but resigned from the party on 15 May 2003 and sat as an independent. He later co-founded the New Country Party, and represented them in the Council towards the end of his term.
 The two remaining One Nation members, John Fischer and Frank Hough, resigned from the party on 1 June 2004 and began serving as independents. Hough later co-founded the New Country Party with Paddy Embry, while Fischer chose to serve out his term as an independent.
 Mining and Pastoral Labor MLC Tom Stephens resigned his seat on 28 September 2004 to contest the federal Kalgoorlie at the 2004 election, after the existing candidate died suddenly. Kevin Leahy served as a temporary replacement for the remainder of Stephens' term. Though Stephens failed to win the Kalgoorlie contest, he was instead elected to the Legislative Assembly as the member for Central Kimberley-Pilbara on 26 February 2005.
 South Metropolitan Greens MLC Jim Scott resigned on 20 January 2005 to contest the Legislative Assembly seat of Fremantle at the February 2005 election. He was replaced by Lynn MacLaren for the last weeks of his term, and MacLaren contested the South Metropolitan seat in what had been Scott's place.


Ice (2003 film)

Ice is a 2003 Indian Tamil-language romantic film directed by R. Raghuraj. The film starred Ashok and Priyanka Trivedi in the lead roles, while Vivek and Mouli appeared in other pivotal role. The film produced by, had music scored by Devi Sri Prasad. This film is the Tamil remake of the 2002 Telugu film Kalusukovalani. The film released in 2003 to below average collections and reviews.

Cast

Ashok as Ashok
Priyanka Trivedi as Anjali
Haripriya as Madhavi
Vivek
Mouli as Vishwanathan
Devan
Anu Mohan
Madhan Bob
Manobala
Yuvarani
R. Sundarrajan
Anandaraj

Production
Ice is a remake of the director's 2002 Telugu film Kalusukovalani which featured Uday Kiran and Gajala. The film became the maiden production venture of Sherif Ahmed for his Joy Entertainment. Gayathri Raguram was first chosen to play the heroine, but was subsequently replaced by Priyanka Trivedi. Devi Sri Prasad's tunes from the original version were retained, while cranking the camera was Shri, who had apprenticed with P. C. Sriram. The sets are designed by M. Prabhakar, the stunt and dance choreography are by Shiva and Cool Jayant respectively. At the YMCA grounds, Chennai, a song was picturised on the hero. After a schedule in Chennai, the unit shifts to locations abroad to the Alps.

Soundtrack
Devi Sri Prasad reused many songs from the original Telugu film.

Release
The Hindu commended the film's technical aspects but stated "as the game goes on without respite, the viewer feels restless and exasperated." The film fared below average at the box office.


Senate Staff Health and Fitness Facility is the gym of the United States Senate located in Washington, D.C.. Prior to 2001, it was referred to as the Senate Health and Fitness Facility (without mentioning the "staff").

A revolving fund administered by the Department of the Treasury for the Architect of the Capitol to run the facility was established in Chapter 4, Section 121f of the Title 2 of the United States Code. The revolving fund receives funds from membership dues and monies obtained through the operation of the Senate waste recycling program.

The Committee on Rules and Administration of the Senate maintains regulations pertaining to the operation and use of the Senate Staff Health and Fitness Facility.

Health and Fitness Facility


Witten-Stockum

Witten-Stockum is a borough of the City of Witten. It has about 6.300 inhabitants (2003).

History

Stockum was first mentioned in 882 as villa stochem. Villa stochem was a little castle that was owned by a knight who called himself "op der Heyde". During the so-called Dortmunder Fehde in 1388/89, Stochem was burned down by soldiers from Archebishop of Cologne, who fought a war against Dortmund, that was just a few kilometres north of the village. In 1423/24 it was burned down for the second time - this time by troops of the Margrave of the County Mark who fought a war against his own brother. In 1701 Stockum became a part of Prussia, 1752 the first coal mine was built - and the era of mining began. This era ended in 1904. In 1929 Stockum became a borough of Witten.

It has a bus connection to central Witten and to the station of Dortmund-Oespel by bus line 371. On weekdays Stockum is also served by bus line 373 to Witten-Annen. At the weekend, the night bus line NE17 to Bochum-Langendreer via central Witten stops here.


Serhiy Petrov

Serhiy Petrov (; born 21 May 1997 in Lutsk, Volyn Oblast, Ukraine) is a professional Ukrainian football striker who plays for Ahrobiznes Volochysk.

Career
Petrov attended the different Sportive youth schools in Volyn Oblast. He made his debut for FC Volyn Lutsk played in a main-squad in the game against FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk on 1 March 2015 in the Ukrainian Premier League.


Storvatnet (Nærøy)

or  is a lake in the municipality of Nærøysund in Trøndelag county, Norway. The  lake about  northeast of the village of Salsbruket.


Bangladesh–United Arab Emirates relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and United Arab Emirates.

History
Muhammad Imran is the resident ambassador of Bangladesh to UAE. In 2014 Bangladesh announced visa on arrival for UAE nationals. UAE stopped issuing visas for Bangladeshis after Bangladesh voted for Moscow for the host city of World Expo 2020 and not Dubai. Dubai ultimately was elected the host city. Dubai has denied the existence of a visa ban. UAE has an embassy in Bangladesh.

Economic
As of December 2016 there are an estimated 700,000 thousand Bangladeshi migrants in UAE. Trade between the Bangladesh and UAE stood at 967 million dollar in the 2012-2013 period. UAE has investments of 2.9 billion dollar in Bangladesh.


Surahammars IF

Surahammars IF is a sports club in Surahammar, Sweden. The club was officially founded on 4 June 1914, although the activity started in 1911. The focus now of the club is ice hockey, although they have had the highest success with association football and bandy (reaching the second highest divisions in Sweden). The ice hockey section (Sura Blue Hammers) now plays in the third highest division in Sweden, but has previously played in the first division.

Famous players
Ronald Pettersson
Tommy Salo
Stig-Göran Johansson

External links
 Official website (in Swedish)
 Club profile on Eliteprospects.com


Saint-Michel-de-Rieufret

Saint-Michel-de-Rieufret  is a commune in the Gironde department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in southwestern France.

Population


West Marine

For the British boat manufacturer company see: West Marine Ltd. (Peel Engineering)
 Not to be confused with West Marin.

West Marine is an American company based in Watsonville, California, which operates a chain of boating supply and fishing retail stores. The company has 247 retail stores in North America. West Marine also runs Blue Future a grant for those who are passionate about preserving and sustaining marine wildlife for future generations. A non profit organization that also works in helping young boaters learn about safety and regulations. West Marine's largest retail store is based out of Fort Lauderdale, FL. The store is over 50,000 square feet, opened on February 28, 2018

History
The company was founded in 1968 by Randy Repass in Sunnyvale, California, with the name West Coast Ropes, selling nylon rope from Repass' garage. The first retail West Coast Ropes store opened in 1975 in Palo Alto, California. With the acquisition of assets from West Products in 1977, the company changed its name to West Marine Products, Inc. In 1978  West Marine established a wholesale division called Port Supply. In 1991, the first West Marine stores opened on the East Coast of the United States, in Miami and Annapolis, Maryland. In 1993 the company went public on the NASDAQ exchange (symbol WMAR).

In 1996, West Marine merged with E&B Marine, to target a larger customer base of power boat enthusiasts. In 2003 the company acquired the BoatU.S. Product Division.

In December 2007, Geoff Eisenberg replaced Peter Harris as the company's president and chief executive officer.

By 2009, the company was more than three times as large as its nearest competitor, Boater's World, which closed that year, shutting all its stores nationwide.

In April 2012 the company announced that Eisenberg planned to resign. In June 2012, Matt Hyde, a 26-year veteran of REI, became the new president and CEO.

In 2017, West Marine was acquired by private equity firm Monomoy Capital Partners for $338 million in cash.

In October 2017 the company announced that Hyde had left the company.

In January 2018 it was reported that Doug Robinson had been appointed CEO.

In February 2018 the company opens their largest retail store, 50,000 square feet, in Forth Lauderdale Florida.

In November 2018 it was reported that Doug Robinson left the company.

In December 2018, the company announced that Ken Seipel had been appointed CEO.

Operations

West Marine currently offers more than 110,000 products online and in stores.

In July 2008, West Marine opened its first franchise store in Istanbul, Turkey. The newly formed company, East Marine Denizcilik ve Turizm A.Ş trades as West Marine Turkey and was majority owned by Rahmi Koç and İbrahim Yazıcı. In March 2009, the second store was opened in Kalamış and June 2009 saw the opening of the third franchise store in Bodrum. The fourth store, in Marmaris, opened in October 2010 with more stores planned around the coast of Turkey. On January 1, 2015, all seven West Marine Franchise stores in Turkey separated from West Marine and became Eastmarine.

In October 2014, West Marine announced that it would close all of its Canadian stores by 2019 as their leases expired; seven of the ten stores in Canada were to close in 2015.

In September 2017 the company announced it was acquired by Monomoy Capital Partners in a transaction valued at $328m.


Ruhl Maulsby

Ruhl Maulsby (October 18, 1923 – February 24, 1996) was an American politician who served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1979 to 1993.


Grace Church School

Grace Church School is a private school whose original building is located at 86 Fourth Avenue between East 10th and East 12th Streets in the East Village neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. The school was founded in 1894 by the Grace Church as the first choir boarding school in New York City. The private day school, which much resembles the school today, began in 1934. Grace Church School's High School Division opened in 2012 and is located at 46 Cooper Square. In the 2015–2016 school year, the school opened for the first time as a Junior Kindergarten through 12th grade program.

In 1947 Grace became a co-educational school and was admitted to the Guild of Independent Schools of New York City. In the following decade the school began to expand its facilities to accommodate a growing student body.  From the original 16 choristers, Grace has grown to its current enrollment of more than 725 students drawn from a wide variety of ethnic, economic, and religious backgrounds.

While the school has continued its close relationship with Grace Church, since 1972 it has been governed by an independent Board of Trustees, and it is a fully accredited member of the New York State Association of Independent Schools and the National Association of Independent Schools. Grace Church School is also a member of the National Association of Episcopal Schools. In 2006, the School became a legal entity separate from the Church, and now owns the buildings at 84-96 Fourth Avenue, including the historic and landmarked church houses Clergy House, Memorial House and Neighborhood House.

The Grace Church School's high school building is located in Cooper Square. It opened in 2011.

Notable alumni
David Brooks – columnist for the New York Times; contributor to The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer on PBS; and author of Bobos in Paradise and On Paradise Drive
Nicholas Confessore – New York Times reporter
David Duchovny – actor, "The X-Files" and "Californication" TV series
Kim Walker – actress
Judith Warner – New York Times columnist and author
Matthew Yglesias – professional blogger


Sepia latimanus

Sepia latimanus, also known as the broadclub cuttlefish, is widely distributed from the Andaman Sea, east to Fiji, and south to northern Australia. It is the most common cuttlefish species on coral reefs, living at a depth of up to 30 m.

Description
The broadclub cuttlefish is the second largest cuttlefish species after Sepia apama, growing to  in mantle length and  in weight. Like many cephalopods, the broadclub can be seen displaying a range of colors and textures. Commonly they are light brown or yellowish with white mottled markings. Males are sometimes dark brown, particularly during courtship and mating. The arms have longitudinal white bands that appear as broad white blotches when extended. Some arms have longitudinal brown bands that extend to the head. The dorsal mantle can sometimes be seen with a saddle mark with small white and brown spots. The dorsal mantle also has narrow brown transverse bands, and bold, white, transverse stripes and spots. The eyes are yellow around the ventral margins and the fins are pale with white, transverse stripes extending onto mantle and narrow, white bands along outer margins.

Distribution
Sepia latimus has a wide distribution in the Indo-Pacific region from the coasts of eastern Africa in the west following the continental coastline through southern Asia to southern Japan and as far south as northern Australia and the Coral Sea. Records from southern Australia and Madagascar are thought to be most likely misidentifications.

Habitat and biology
Sepia latimanus is a coastal species occurring in coral reefs and which is found in shallow water to depths of 30 m. In the western Pacific, off Guam and off Okinawa in the shallows from January to May, and the resultant eggs hatch in 38 to 40 days. It is diurnal species which appears to mesmerise its prey by using a display consisting of a series of rhythmic colour bands running along its body. It preys on fishes and crustaceans and it is known to prey on shrimp and prawns of the genus Palaemon.Breeding males are territorial by defidning a coral head, typically Porites, the  females lay eggs following mating in the territory of the male. Their courtship is highly ritualized and stereotyped, and like their hunting behaviour it includes striking visual displays. The males frequently guard the females, defending them from other males. The male and female mate head-to-head, the male placing the spermatophores in the buccal membrane of the female below to the mouth. After laying the eggs harden and are very hard to remove from the coral on which the female laid them. After hatching the young cuttlefish start to  hide among the coral and the associated coral rubble where they often mimic mangrove leaves, their coloration and posture impersonating the leaf structure with a stem, ribs and a scattering of black spots.

Naming and taxonomy
The type specimen of Sepia latimus was collected in New Guinea and is deposited at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris. This species has a wide geographic range and it is probable that it represents a species complex rather than a single species but more taxonomic work needs to be carried out to assess its species limits.


Some Product: Carri on Sex Pistols

Some Product: Carri on Sex Pistols is an interview album featuring members of the Sex Pistols. The interviews are mostly presented in a collage style.

Content

All tracks are spoken word collages put together by John Varnom from various interviews and radio ads. Additional material includes a snippet from Tubular Bells.

The artwork was done by artist Jamie Reid.

The title melds the British comedy series of Carry On films with a pun on the word carrion.

Release

The album peaked at number 6 in the UK Albums Chart.

Track listing

"The Very Name 'Sex Pistols'" (various artists)  – 5:27
"From Beyond the Grave" (Sid Vicious)  – 8:27
"Big Tits Across America" (Paul Cook and Steve Jones from US radio broadcast)  – 11:19
"The Complex World of John Rotten" (Johnny Rotten, features interview snippets with John Lydon's Mother)  – 8:18
"Sex Pistols Will Play" (Paul Cook and Steve Jones)  – 3:21
"Is the Queen a Moron?" (Sex Pistols interview regarding 'God Save the Queen' lyrics)  – 3:55
"The Fucking Rotter"  (Sex Pistols)  – 0:41 (This is an edited version of the infamous Bill Grundy interview.)


Schlee

Schlee is a surname and may be:

 Aldyr Garcia Schlee (1934–2018), designed the famous football strip of Brazil, in 1953.
 Ann Schlee (born 1934), an American-born English novelist
 Charles Schlee (1873–1947), an American racing cyclist
 Clive Schlee, British businessman
 John Schlee (1939–2000), an American professional golfer
 Nick Schlee (born 1931), an English painter
 Thomas Daniel Schlee (born 1957), an Austrian composer, arts administrator, and organist
 Valentina Schlee (c.1899–1989), a Russian émigrée American-based fashion designer and theatrical costume designer


Khvajeh Jamali

Khvajeh Jamali () may refer to:
 Khvajeh Jamali, Kazerun
 Khvajeh Jamali, Neyriz


Hall Tavern

Hall Tavern is an historic tavern at 20 Gray Gardens West Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts.  Now converted to residential use, this two story Federal style wood frame building was built in sometime in the late 1790s in Duxbury, Massachusetts, and was moved to this location in 1930.  The building is one of a number that were moved in order to preserve them in the early decades of the 20th century, and it is now one of the centerpieces of the Gray Gardens subdivision.

The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.


Fred Rouhling

Fred Rouhling (born 24 January 1970) is a French rock climber, famed for his 1995 proposal of the grade 9b/5.15b for his unrepeated climb Akira.  (See Realization, or rather Biographie.)
Other notable climbs of his include:
Hugh (9a) in Eaux-Claires, France, first ascent (FA) in 1993.
L'autre côté du ciel, or The Other Side of the Sky, (9a) in Eaux-Claires, France, FA in 1997.
In 2002, repeated Bain de Sang (9a, FA by Fred Nicole) in Saint Loup, Switzerland.
Mandallaz Drive (9a/5.14d) at d’Allonzier la Caille, near Haute-Savoie, south of Geneva, FA in 2004.
In 2007, FA of Salamandre 9a/b at Saint-Pierre en Faucigny.

Problems
Although the controversy about his route Akira seems to have settled down with Climbing magazine and the popular website 8a.nu supporting his claim in the recent past, many of his boulder first ascents, like Soumission (V14), were destroyed for unknown reasons. Even boulder problems of some of his friends, like the test piece of Romain Desgranges Kaiser Sauzé with the breaking grade of 8C+, were destroyed, which put the bouldering community in stress and discussions about the existence and persistence of the boulder problems.

External links
 2004 article about Rouhling and Akira (by Pete Ward photos by Tim Kemple)
 Pictures of Akira, Hugh, and L'autre côté du ciel
 Salamandre FA article in planetmountain
 Article in 8a.nu about the destroyed Boulder of Romain


Market-based valuation

A Market-based valuation is a form of stock valuation that refers to market indicators, also called extrinsic criteria (i.e. not related to economic fundamentals and account data, which are intrinsic criteria).

Examples of market valuation methods

Technical analysis
Technical analysis is the most characteristic market-based method, although it focuses more on timing than pricing.

Also, rough market comparison tools such as the PE ratio and the PEG ratio are used. More sophisticated forms of analysis (fundamental analysis, quantitative analysis, and behavioral analysis) use also some market criteria, such as the risk premium or beta coefficient.

Those criteria might be "tilted" in some valuation models in anticipation of their possible variation in the next future, or to adapt them to their historical statistical range or mean.


Maarten Neyens

Maarten Neyens (born 1 March 1985) is a professional Belgian road cyclist, who last rode for .

Palmarès

2008
 2nd I.W.T. Jong Maar Moedig
2009
 2nd Beverbeek Classic
 2nd Profronde van Fryslan
 10th Dutch Food Valley Classic
 4th Druivenkoers Overijse
2010
 5th De Vlaamse Pijl
2013
 10th Heistse Pijl


Trewalder

Trewalder is a hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is about one mile south of Delabole.


Hercules Powder Plant Disaster

The Hercules Powder Plant Disaster was an explosion at an armaments factory in the Kenvil section of Roxbury Township, New Jersey in 1940. Around 52 people were killed and 100 injured. This was one of three explosions at the plant owned by the Hercules Powder Company – the others killed six people in 1934 and shattered windows across the town in 1989.

Oscar Pfaus laid the groundwork on behalf of the Abwehr for Nazi connections with the Irish Republican Army (IRA) in America and an agent, Karl Franz Rekowski, was then sent to the U.S. where he arranged for the IRA to carry out sabotage attacks including the attack on the plant.


Photographic paper

Photographic paper is a paper coated with a light-sensitive chemical formula, used for making photographic prints. When photographic paper is exposed to light, it captures a latent image that is then developed to form a visible image; with most papers the image density from exposure can be sufficient to not require further development, aside from fixing and clearing, though latent exposure is also usually present. The light-sensitive layer of the paper is called the emulsion. The most common chemistry was based on silver salts (the focus of this page) but other alternatives have also been used.

The print image is traditionally produced by interposing a photographic negative between the light source and the paper, either by direct contact with a large negative (forming a contact print) or by projecting the shadow of the negative onto the paper (producing an enlargement). The initial light exposure is carefully controlled to produce a gray scale image on the paper with appropriate contrast and gradation. Photographic paper may also be exposed to light using digital printers such as the LightJet, with a camera (to produce a photographic negative), by scanning a modulated light source over the paper, or by placing objects upon it (to produce a photogram).

Despite the introduction of digital photography, photographic papers are still sold commercially. Photographic papers are manufactured in numerous standard sizes, paper weights and surface finishes. A range of emulsions are also available that differ in their light sensitivity, colour response and the warmth of the final image. Color papers are also available for making colour images.

History
The effect of light in darkening a prepared paper was discovered by Thomas Wedgwood in 1802. Photographic papers have been used since the beginning of all negative–positive photographic processes as developed and popularized by William Fox Talbot (Great Britain/1841-calotype).

After the early days of photography, papers have been manufactured on a large scale with improved consistency and greater light sensitivity.

Types of photographic papers

Photographic papers fall into one of three sub-categories:
 Papers used for negative-positive processes. This includes all current black-and-white papers and chromogenic colour papers.
 Papers used for positive-positive processes in which the "film" is the same as the final image (e.g., the Polaroid process, Imago direct positive paper).
 Papers used for positive-positive film-to-paper processes where a positive image is enlarged and copied onto a photographic paper, for example the Ilfochrome process.

Structure
All photographic papers consist of a light-sensitive emulsion, consisting of silver halide salts suspended in a colloidal material – usually gelatin-coated onto a paper, resin coated paper or polyester support. In black-and-white papers, the emulsion is normally sensitised to blue and green light, but is insensitive to wavelengths longer than 600 nm in order to facilitate handling under red or orange safelighting. In Chromogenic colour papers, the emulsion layers are sensitive to red, green and blue light, respectively producing cyan, magenta and yellow dye during processing.

Base materials

Black-and-white papers
Modern black-and-white papers are coated on a small range of bases; baryta-coated paper, resin-coated paper or polyester. In the past, linen has been used as a base material.

Fiber-based papers (FB)
Fiber-based (FB or Baryta) photographic papers consist of a paper base coated with baryta. Tints are sometimes added to the baryta to add subtle colour to the final print; however most modern papers use optical brighteners to extend the paper's tonal range. Most fiber-based papers include a clear hardened gelatin layer above the emulsion which protects it from physical damage, especially during processing. This is called a supercoating. Papers without a supercoating are suitable for use with the bromoil process. Fiber-based papers are generally chosen as a medium for high-quality prints for exhibition, display and archiving purposes. These papers require careful processing and handling, especially when wet. However, they are easier to tone, hand-colour and retouch than resin-coated equivalents.

Resin-coated papers (RC)
The paper base of resin-coated papers is sealed by two polyethylene layers, making it impenetrable to liquids. Since no chemicals or water are absorbed into the paper base, the time needed for processing, washing and drying durations are significantly reduced in comparison to fiber-based papers. Resin paper prints can be finished and dried within twenty to thirty minutes. Resin-coated papers have improved dimensional stability, and do not curl upon drying.

The baryta layer
The term baryta derives from the name of a common barium sulfate-containing mineral, barite. However, the substance used to coat photographic papers is usually not pure barium sulfate, but a mixture of barium and strontium sulfates. The ratio of strontium to barium differs among commercial photographic papers, so chemical analysis can be used to identify the maker of the paper used to make a print and sometimes when the paper was made. The baryta layer has two functions 1) to brighten the image and 2) to prevent chemicals adsorbed on the fibers from infiltrating the gelatin layer. The brightening occurs because barium sulfate is in the form of a fine precipitate that scatters light back through the silver image layer. In the early days of photography, before baryta layers were used, impurities from the paper fibers could gradually diffuse into the silver layer and cause an uneven loss of sensitivity (before development) or mottle (unevenly discoluor) the silver image (after development).

Colour papers
All colour photographic materials available today are coated on either RC (resin coated) paper or on solid polyester. The photographic emulsion used for colour photographic materials consists of three colour emulsion layers (cyan, yellow, and magenta) along with other supporting layers. The colour layers are sensitised to their corresponding colours. Although it is commonly believed that the layers in negative papers are shielded against the intrusion of light of a different wavelength than the actual layer by colour filters which dissolve during processing, this is not so. The colour layers in negative papers are actually produced to have speeds which increase from cyan (red sensitive) to magenta (green sensitive) to yellow (blue sensitive), and thus when filtered during printing, the blue light is "normalized" so that there is no crosstalk. Therefore, the yellow (blue sensitive) layer is nearly ISO 100 while the cyan (red) layer is about ISO 25. After adding enough yellow filtration to make a neutral, the blue sensitivity of the slow cyan layer is "lost".

In negative-positive print systems, the blue sensitive layer is on the bottom, and the cyan layer is on the top. This is the reverse of the usual layer order in colour films.

The emulsion layers can include the colour dyes, as in Ilfochrome; or they can include colour couplers, which react with colour developers to produce colour dyes, as in type C prints or chromogenic negative–positive prints. Type R prints, which are no longer made, were positive–positive chromogenic prints.

Black and white emulsion types
The emulsion contains light sensitive silver halide crystals suspended in gelatin. Black-and-white papers typically use relatively insensitive emulsions composed of silver bromide, silver chloride or a combination of both. The silver halide used affects the paper's sensitivity and the image tone of the resulting print.

Chloride papers
Popular in the past, chloride papers are nowadays unusual; a single manufacturer produces this material. These insensitive papers are suitable for contact printing, and yield warm toned images by development. Chloride emulsions are also used for printing-out papers, or POP, which require no further development after exposure.

Chlorobromide papers
Containing a blend of silver chloride and silver bromide salts, these emulsions produce papers sensitive enough to be used for enlarging. They produce warm-black to neutral image tones by development, which can be varied by using different developers.

Bromide papers
Papers with pure silver bromide emulsions are sensitive and produce neutral black or 'cold' blue-black image tones.

Contrast control
Fixed-grade – or graded – black-and-white papers were historically available in a range of 12 grades, numbered 0 to 5, with 0 being the softest, or least contrasty paper grade and 5 being the hardest, or most contrasty paper grade. Low contrast negatives can be corrected by printing on a contrasty paper; conversely a very contrasty negative can be printed on a low contrast paper. Because of decreased demand, most extreme paper grades are now discontinued, and the few graded ranges still available include only middle contrast grades.

Variable-contrast – or "VC" – papers account for the great majority of consumption of these papers in the 21st century. VC papers permit the selection of a wide range of contrast grades, in the case of the brand leader between 00 and 5. These papers are coated with a mixture of two or three emulsions, all of equal contrast and sensitivity to blue light. However, each emulsion is sensitised in different proportions to green light. Upon exposure to blue light, all emulsions act in an additive manner to produce a high contrast image. When exposed to green light alone, the emulsions produce a low contrast image because each is differently sensitised to green. By varying the ratio of blue to green light, the contrast of the print can be approximately continuously varied between these extremes, creating all contrast grades from 00 to 5.
Filters in the enlarger's light path are a common method of achieving this control. Magenta filters absorb green and transmit blue and red, while yellow filters absorb blue and transmit green and red.

The contrast of photographic papers can also be controlled during processing or by the use of bleaches or toners.

Panchromatic papers
Panchromatic black-and-white photographic printing papers are sensitive to all wavelengths of visible light. They were designed for the printing of full-tone black-and-white images from colour negatives; this is not possible with conventional orthochromatic papers. Panchromatic papers can also be used to produce paper negatives in large-format cameras. These materials must be handled and developed in near-complete darkness. Kodak Panalure Select RC is an example of a panchromatic black-and-white paper; it was discontinued in 2005.

Non Silver papers

Numerous photo sensitive papers that do not use silver chemistry exist.  Most are hand made by enthusiasts but Cyanotype prints are made on what was commonly sold as blueprint paper. Certain precious metal including platinum and other chemistries have also been in common use at certain periods.

Archival stability

The longevity of any photographic print media will depend upon the processing, display and storage conditions of the print.

Black-and-white prints
Fixing must convert all non-image silver into soluble silver compounds that can be removed by washing with water. Washing must remove these compounds and all residual fixing chemicals from the emulsion and paper base. A hypo-clearing solution, also referred to as Hypo Clearing Agent, HCA, or a washing aid, and which can consist of a 2% solution of sodium sulfite, can be used to shorten the effective washing time by displacing the thiosulfate fixer, and the byproducts of the process of fixation, that are bound to paper fibers.

Toners are sometimes used to convert the metallic silver into more stable compounds. Commonly used archival toners are: selenium, gold and sulfide.

Prints on fiber-based papers that have been properly fixed and washed should last at least fifty years without fading. Some alternative non-silver processes – such as platinum prints – employ metals that are, if processed correctly, inherently more stable than gelatin-silver prints.

Colour prints
For colour images, Ilfochrome is often used because of its clarity and the stability of the colour dyes.


Beth Raymer

Beth Raymer (born in 1976, in Steubenville, Ohio) is an American writer and journalist. Raymer received an MFA from Columbia University. As a Fulbright fellow, she studied offshore gambling operations in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama.
Beth is the author of Lay the Favorite, a  memoir of her experiences in the sex industry, amateur boxing and sports-betting. Her journalism has been published in The Atlantic and The New York Times Magazine. She has held writing residencies at the MacDowell Colony.

Her more recent work includes the screenplay and narration for [The Lingerie Party], a 2015 short animated film about hard drug abuse ending in death.

Author
Raymer's Lay the Favorite, published in 2010, has been described as a "Dickensian picaresque that paints an entertaining view of sports gambling and her own unconventional character," and   "a tragicomic biography."

In 2007, Focus Features and Random House Films acquired the rights to produce a movie adaptation of the book. Stephen Frears directed the movie, also called Lay the Favorite, which premiered at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival. Rebecca Hall plays Beth, starring alongside Bruce Willis, Catherine Zeta-Jones and Vince Vaughn.

Life experiences
Having grown up in West Palm Beach, Florida; Beth received an associate degree from Palm Beach Community College, and worked her way through Florida State University as an "in home stripper" and later managed, and modeled for, adult websites. After being fired from a social work job Raymer moved to Las Vegas at the age of 24 and eventually found work in the world of high-stakes gambling and bookmaking.


Kosh, Armenia

Kosh (, also Romanized as Koghes; formerly, Kvash) is a village in the Ashtarak district, Aragatsotn province, Armenia, about 18 km south-west of the district centre Ashtarak.  The town is attested as Kvash in early Christian times.  In the town are ruins of a 13th-century church - Saint Grigor - and a castle which has yielded Hellenistic pottery remains.  There are numerous remains from early Iron Age residential ruins and buildings of large basalt stone blocks.

Gallery


Andrew Meldrum (police officer)

Andrew Meldrum, CBE, KPM (22 April 1909 - 10 January 1995) was HM Chief Inspector of Constabulary for Scotland from 1966 to 1969.

Meldrum was educated at Burntisland Higher Grade School and joined the Stirlingshire Constabulary in 1927. He was appointed Deputy Chief Constable of Inverness Burgh Police  in 1943 and Chief Constable in  1946. He was Chief Constable of the Angus Constabulary from 1949 to 1955; and then of Fife from 1955 to 1966.

Notes


Halfway House (Ansted, West Virginia)

Halfway House, also known as the Tyree Tavern, is a historic inn and tavern located at Ansted, Fayette County, West Virginia. It is a two-story, log and frame building with a gable roof measuring 50 feet long and 20 feet deep.  The original log section was built prior to 1810.  It was expanded to its present configuration about 1827.  It served as a stage coach stop on the James River and Kanawha Turnpike.  Notable guests included Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and John Breckenridge.  It also was headquarters of the Chicago Gray Dragoons during the American Civil War. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.


Butts Up

Butts Up (A.K.A. "Spread Eagle", "A-Ball", "Asses Up", "Assies' Rehab & Tea", "Suey", "Balliver Shagnasty's Revenge", "Balls Deep", "Ballsies", "Beartrap", "Burn"  , "Blackjack", "Blue Gooch", "Booties Up", "Brandings", "Buju Gay", "Buns Up", "Burn Ball", "Burn", "Butt Ball", "Buttock Blocker", "Chance", "Chinese Suicides", "Electric Booty", "Error", "Fire in the Bum", "Fumble", "Glempner", "Jetters", "Kirby", "Murderball", "No Fear", "Off the Wall", "Peanut Butter", "Pee Pee'd", "Peg", "Red Ace", "Red Ass", "Red Bum", "Red Butt", "Red Out", "Rosies", "Rump Rounders", "Sky Blue", "Slaughterhouse", "Spread", "Sting", "Stitch", "Suicide", or "Wall Ball") is a North American elementary school children's playground game originating in the 1950s or earlier. It is slightly similar to the game Screen Ball. Butts Up or Booties Up began in the 1940s or 1950s as a penalty phase of various city street games. Butts Up is played with a ball (such as a tennis ball, handball, or racquetball) on a paved surface against a wall, with a variable number of participants—usually more than three and often likely to exceed ten. Butts Up tends to be played during recess, before or after school. . Popular in New England is another frequent variation of wallball that usually differs a lot from the more widely known 'Butts Up'.

Players determine the variations of the game prior to start of play. Some of the rules of the game very loosely resemble the rules of baseball and racquetball.

Object of the game
The object of the game is to be the last player remaining in the game after all other players are out.

In some variations of the game, there is no specific object of the game. Play continues until time runs out. In this variation, when players are "out" three times, they must lean against the wall and wait to be hit by the ball ("Butts Up"). See below for more on this.

Rules of the game
The first player, usually the tennis ball owner, starts the game or "breaks the ice" (see terminology below) by throwing the ball against the wall with the objective of having the ball hit the wall without hitting the ground first or if someone catches the ball in the air before it hits the ground and yells,”Poison” and throws the ball at the wall before the thrower touches the wall he’s out.

After the ball makes contact with the wall and bounces off the ground at least once, any of the players, including the thrower, may then try to catch the ball. If catcher mishandles the ball and the ball touches the ground, the catcher must try to touch the wall before another player fields and throws the ball against the wall. If the ball touches the wall before the catcher, the catcher is out and must face various consequences. In some places, instead of hitting the wall you have to throw it at the catcher, or there is an option to throw it at the wall or at the catcher to get the catcher out.

If the ball is caught before hitting the pavement, the thrower is penalized with one "out", much like baseball. Some refer to this as a "cobra", or "ace". After three outs a player leaves the game. Sometimes alternate words, such as "wall," are used instead. In some cases, such as in New York City, the catcher has to "peg" the thrower, while the thrower tries to touch the wall, if the thrower misses, the throwers doesn't get an out.

If the thrower's ball bounces before hitting the wall, the thrower must run to the wall and touch the wall before an opponent can pick up the ball and throw it to the wall. If the original thrower doesn't make contact with the wall before the ball reaches the wall, the original thrower is out. If the thrower reaches for the ball, but has it bounce off his fingers and onto the pavement, this counts as missing the throw, and he must run to the wall.

In one variation of the game, a runner who does not reach the wall before the thrown ball hits must, in addition to receiving an out, stand facing the wall and allow the thrower to "peg" him or her with the ball (usually with all possible force).

In another variation, when a player is "out" three times, he or she must lean against the wall, bent over with his butt in the air—hence the name of the game—and wait for the ball to be thrown at him. Other players take turns throwing the ball until he is hit. If he doesn't look back, the thrower must lob the ball in the air, but if he does, the thrower may peg him with as hard a throw as he likes. Also, in this version, the thrower must hit the player as he is running to the wall, rather than hitting the wall, to get the runner out.

The game continues until all but one player have received three outs and left the game. This form of the game is referred to as "three–out elimination".

In New York City, the game is usually called "Asses Up", and the game is played exactly the same, the only major difference is that when ever a kid is "out", or doesn't touch the wall before the ball or is hit with the ball by another player, instead of eliminated after three "outs", they get eliminated when they complete the word "Asses Up" with each "out" is a letter in the game (I.e. A-S-S-E-S-U-P). This is similar with spelling out "Horse" in Basketball. Also, the term "Reach" is used when a catcher is far away, and the ball is usually thrown at the thrower as an alternative to "pegging" (usually when smaller kids are playing).

In a variation practiced widely in Santa Clara County, California elementary schools as late as the mid-1980s, each time a player earned an out, his "butt was up," and he would stand with hands against the wall, waiting to be pegged by the player who threw him out. If the player is hit in the "target area," he is convicted of the out, and gets a letter (B-U-T-T, for example), and leaves the game. In this variation, at the ice breaker's discretion, play may pass by number, i.e., Player 1 breaks the ice, then Player 2 must retrieve and throw the ball, followed by Player 3, etc. In more physical games, the ball is not required to bounce after touching the wall, and aggressive players will stand near the wall, within arms' reach, pegging other players and quickly touching the wall, then retrieving the ball and throwing the other player out. Other rules included "handsies", which prohibits players from touching the ball with both hands at once (the ball could be tossed in the air and caught with the other hand, but typically a great show was made of this feat in order to avoid even the appearance of a foul). Also, a player with ball in hand must keep one foot planted at all times, or, in the interest of justice, if a player was stranded well beyond throwing or relay distance (see "Savies"), he could take one large step toward the wall. If a player realizes he has mishandled the ball and thus must "hit the wall," and deliberately "spikes" the ball to frustrate others' attempts to throw him out, his butt is automatically up; at the other players' discretion, they may each take a turn at throwing that player out. The attack does not cease simply because a pegger has successfully scored in the target area; each player throws nonetheless, usually with intent to cause injury or disfigurement.

In more recent variations of the game, a player only receives an out if he or she is actually hit by the peg, rather than receiving it for having to be on the wall. Also, if a player wins without having gotten an out, the win is called a 'lockdown'.

In New England, specifically the Tri-State Area, another version of Wall Ball was invented. In this variation two or more people line up to take turns hitting the ball. The ball must bounce first, then hit the wall, then bounce; the next person in line must hit the ball before its second bounce on the ground, then the ball must hit the wall, then bounce. This repeats for however many people there are. It is usually played with three outs, but the number could vary depending on the number of people. There are also many variations in each school, but the overall premise is usually the same. Wall Ball in New England is usually considered a separate game from Butts Up. In some areas in Westchester county, this variant is called "Watermelon", which is named for the legal action of going completely under the ball as a hit.

In a Maryland version of wallball, the icebreaker starts the game, with all other players nearby. Players are allowed to catch the ball if it has not bounced, as well as catching other players' throws. Failing to catch the ball, taking too long to get a handle on the ball or any other type of "bobbling" is the "bobblers" cue to touch the wall. If a player is relatively far from the wall while holding the ball, other players may call "wallball" (hence the name), meaning the player with the ball has ten seconds to hit the wall, without moving or bouncing the ball off the ground. If a player is out, he must stand on the wall and get pegged by the player who got him out. If the peg is successful (player hit), play continues with the icebreaker throwing the ball first. If the peg is unsuccessful (player not hit), other players have the opportunity to get the thrower out. No penalty besides pegging occurs from an out. Fouls include kicking the ball, preventing a player from getting you out (kicking or throwing the ball after bobbling as opposed to dropping it), tampering with a throw or interfering with a peg (interference can also occur if a player running to touch the wall is obstructed by another player.) Interference is determined by the other players in the game.

Yet another playground version of the game (popular in southern Arizona) simply had all the participants apart from the first player line up against the wall, with the immediate goal of the first player to hit a participant with the ball (typically as hard as possible) and thus make that participant "it".  This version resembles dodge ball but with the wall limiting the possible dodging moves to two dimensions rather than three.  Any participant who strayed too far away from the wall during play was "punished" by a penalty shot, where the thrower would aim solely at him or her and throw the ball as hard as possible, although a hit in this case did not make the person "it".  When a player became "it" by legal means, he or she assumed the role of "thrower".  The object of this game—like many other playground games—was simply to inflict pain on classmates, and was thus often played in relatively obscure or off-limits areas of the playground.

Another version of wallball is that the ball is catchable off the wall and the catching player can move about freely as long as they throw the ball within the next few seconds. If the ball bounces very far away from the wall the other players may call "challenge" to the player with the ball. A call of challenge means the player may not move and must throw the ball and try to hit the wall. If the player chooses to drop the ball at his/her feet then the player is automatically out. The thrower, however, may choose to simply throw it at an object that would cause the ball to be hard to get before the thrower can be thrown out, possibly causing a successive number of challenges until a suitable throw has been made. If a player catches the ball they may run to the wall and place both their off hand and foot on the wall and call "bulldog." If the player does this they can freely throw the ball at whomever they wish. If they hit another player then the hit player must touch the wall before they are thrown out. "Bulldogs" are usually frowned upon by other players and considered a cheap way of getting other players out. If a player has committed a double touch another player may call the foul and is allowed a throw at the person. The offending player must be "spread eagle" as it is called, against the wall and may not move. The thrower is not allow a full force throw unless the person moves or flinches as it is usually taken from a short distance. This can either result in a peg or a double throw depending on the rules. If the thrower makes a full force throw without the offender moving then the thrower must be pegged by the original offender. In some games the thrower on "spread eagle" must touch the wall or they too will be out, unless they missed and hit the wall.

Terminology
Black Mail or Reach: Once the ball is caught (usually from a long distance) any player may yell "Black Mail!" The player with the ball must now throw the ball to the wall without moving feet.
Break the Ice: To start the game by making the first throw regardless of ball ownership.
 Savies or Taxis: If a player feels he is too far from the wall to throw the ball and make wall contact, the thrower can throw the ball to another player and hope the receiver will wait until the thrower has run to the wall and touched it. However, savies can backfire if the catcher betrays the thrower by throwing the ball to the wall before the thrower has run and touched the wall. In some places, there is no betrayal as, if you save them they don't have to run.
Chicken Drops: An alternative to Savies. If a player is too far from the wall to make a complete pass to hit the wall, he can drop the ball at his feet and head to the wall as quickly as he can to make contact. If another player picks up the ball that player can throw the runner out by getting the ball to the wall before the runner. This technique is frowned upon by Butts Up enthusiasts.
Double Touch: The act of a player touching the ball twice, resulting in an automatic out. Typically this occurs when the ball is bobbled or tripped over.
Handsies: (Some variations) The act of a player touching the ball with both hands at once, resulting in an obligation to "hit the wall".
Hit the Wall: Alternative terminology for a player's obligation, upon committing "handsies," "chicken drops," "traveling," or other offense, failure to accomplish which before any other player has thrown the player out by causing it to hit the wall results in an out or the runner's butt being "up".
Peg: A player throws the ball at another player, usually resulting in an out for both players.
Self-Out: A player throws the ball to the wall and then catches it before the ball hits the pavement. This rule is optional and can be determined by the players prior to the start of the game.
Self-Peg: A thrower's ball bounces off the wall and hits the thrower. In this case the thrower must run to the wall and touch the wall before an opponent picks up the ball and throws it to the wall.
Stripping: In more physical iterations of the game, a player may attempt to strip the ball from the hand of another player. If successful, both players must run to the wall to avoid earning an out.
Tie Goes to the Runner: If there is a dispute among the players about whether a runner is safe or out, and the decision for and against is a 50/50 tie among players, the runner stays in the game.
Traveling: The act of a player moving both feet with ball in hand.
Lockdown: Occurs when a player wins the game without having gotten out.
Poison: When someone catches the ball without the ball hitting the ground. If they say "poison" the "poisoned" person must run to the wall before the person who caught the ball throws it to the wall.


Conall Murtagh

Conall Francis Murtagh (born 29 June 1985) is a Northern Irish footballer who plays for Bala Town. He has made over seventy appearances in the Scottish League, the Football League and the Football Conference.  He has made 226 appearances in the Welsh Premier League scoring 17 goals.  He has played in Europe competitions on five seasons representing Bala Town in Europe in three seasons 2012–13, 2014–15 and 2015–16, Rhyl in 2010 and the Champions League with TNS.

He also represented Northern Ireland at all age groups to under-21 level and has captained the side. Murtagh is also the first team fitness coach at Liverpool.

Football career

Murtagh started his senior career with Ballymena United and Crusaders before joining Scottish League club Hearts on a two-year contract in 2003. He made no appearances for Hearts and joined Raith Rovers on loan in January 2005, where he made eleven first-team appearances in the remainder of the 2004–05 season in the Scottish First Division.

Murtagh was released by Hearts at the end of the 2004–05 (injury hit) season, commenced a degree at University of Manchester and joined League of Wales club Connah's Quay Nomads, where he made 27 league appearances, scoring three goals, in the 2005–06 season. He joined Rhyl in 2006, making 25 Welsh Premier league appearances, scoring once, in the 2006–07 season and collected a Welsh League Cup runners-up medal after a penalty defeat to Caersws in March 2007.

Murtagh joined Conference North club Southport in May 2007 but quickly left to join League Two side Wrexham in June 2007. He made six league and cup appearances for Wrexham in the 2007–08 season while completing his final year at University of Manchester, and a further six appearances for Football Conference side Droylsden, who he joined on a two-month loan in January 2008.

In January 2009, Murtagh signed for Welsh Premier League side The New Saints and in January 2010, he joined Aberystwyth Town on loan for the remainder of the 2009–10 season, scoring three times in thirteen appearances before being recalled in April. At the end of the season, Murtagh's contract ended at The New Saints and he joined Aberystwyth Town on a permanent basis.

In July 2011, he moved to  Bala Town and helped the side achieve 5th place in the 2011–12 season playing a record number of games and making a clean sweep of end of season awards. In 2012–13, Bala were play-off champions and qualified for the first time in the Club's history for a European position in the 2013–14 campaign.  Bala qualified again for the Europa Cup in the ensuing seasons, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2016–17. Murtagh has been club captain of Bala Town  since 2014.

He has represented his country, Northern Ireland, 38 times at international level at all underage groups under-15, under-16, under-17, under-19 and is also an under-21 International.  He captained the side a number of times.

Sports scientist and fitness coach
Dr. Murtagh holds a degree in Physiology from the University of Manchester and has a master of science in sports science with physiology from the University of Chester. He completed his PhD in sports science at Liverpool John Moores University in March 2017.

He is now first team sports science fitness coach for the Liverpool and was previously Fitness Coach at the Liverpool FC Academy Under 18 Squad which progressed to the quarter final of youth Champions League (2014/15).

Honours
 Welsh Premier League Team of the Year: 2006–07

Academic Publications and Conferences

Conall F. Murtagh, Andrew O'Boyle, Ryland Morgans, Barry Drust, Robert M.Erskine – Unilateral jumps in different directions: a novel assessment of soccer-associated power? Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Volume 20, Issue 11, November 2017, Pages 1018–1023

Murtagh Conall F, Vanrenterghem Jos, O'Boyle Andrew, Morgans Ryland, Drust Barry, Erskine Robert M.  Unilateral jumps in different directions: a novel assessment of soccer-associated power?. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.016

Murtagh, C.F., O'Boyle, A., Morgans, R., Drust, B., Erskine, R.M. (2015, October). The Physiological Determinants and Genetic Contribution to Maximal Muscular Power in Elite Youth Soccer.  Oral presentation at Las Palmeiras Congress of Sports Science, São Paulo, Brazil.

Malone, J. J., Murtagh, C. F., Morgans, R., Burgess, D. J., Morton, J. P., & Drust, B. (2015). Countermovement Jump Performance Is Not Affected During an In-Season Training Microcycle in Elite Youth Soccer Players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(3), 752–757.

Murtagh, C.F., Nulty, C, Stubbs, M, Vanrenterghem, J., O'Boyle, A., Morgans, R., Drust, B., Erskine, R.M. (2015, June). The Contribution Of Skeletal Muscle Size, Architecture, Activation and Tendon Properties To Soccer-Specific Power. Oral presentation at 20th Annual Congress of the European College of Sport Science (ECSS) Malmo, Sweden.


2020 Christian Democratic Union of Germany leadership election

The 2020 Christian Democratic Union leadership election is set to take place during the party's 33rd Congress in Berlin on 25 April 2020 following Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer's decision in February 2020 to resign as Leader of the Christian Democratic Union in part due to the Thüringia political crisis.

After her announcement, Norbert Röttgen surprisingly announced on the 18 February his intention to stand for the leadership. This was followed by a joint announcement on the 25 February by Armin Laschet and Jens Spahn in which Spahn endorsed Laschet for the leadership and Laschet announced his intention to stand. A couple of hours later, Friedrich Merz in turn announced his intention to stand for the leadership of the party.

Candidates

Declared

Armin Laschet
The prime minister of the populous North-Rhine Westphalia region since 2017. Lasche chose Jens Spahn, Minister of Health and candidate in the previous CDU leadership election, as his deputy. Characterizing his campaign as a bridge between the centrist and right wing faction, Lasche views his and Spahn's leadership will solve the crisis in the CDU, which has been rocked by the fallout from regional CDU lawmakers voting with the far right to elect the premier of the eastern state of Thuringia, and which suffered one of its worst-ever electoral results in Hamburg.

CDU member since 1979. Has held a variety of positions in local, state, federal and European politics, including stints as an MEP and regional minister overseeing the “integration” of foreigners. Seen as a moderate who is close to Merkel's vision of the CDU. A devout Catholic, Laschet opposed gay marriage and has advocated banning headscarves for girls up to age 14. Despite those views, Laschet tapped  Spahn, a married gay man, to be his deputy, and is seen as a champion of migrant rights. Widely considered to be good-natured and adept at building consensus. Critics say he is too much like Merkel and not conservative enough to win back voters the CDU lost to the far right.

Friedrich Merz
Merz is a returning rival of Merkel hoping to bring voters lost by Merkel's centrism back to the CDU. Losing leadership of the party in the early 2000s, Merz lost his position as leader of the CDU/CSU Group in the Bundestag and left the  Bundestag in 2009 for a career in the private sector. Since his first political retirement, Merz has worked for insurer AXA to chemical giant BASF to investment group BlackRock. When Merkel announced her resignation from the CDU leadership, Merz announced he would challenge Merkel's preferred successor, Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, for the position as leader in 2017.  He was unsuccessful in winning leadership in 2017, placing second behind Karrenbauer.

A law-and-order, free-market conservative. Merz promises to win back disgruntled CDU voters who have defected to the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD). Both allies and rivals attest to Merz’s sharp mind and detailed knowledge of complicated policy issues. Critics point out he is to right wing for the party, having opposed a 1997 reform to criminalize rape within a marriage and avocates the so-called Leitkultur, which is the promotion of German culture, mores and traditions among migrants.

Norbert Röttgen
The chair of the Bundestag's foreign affairs committee and served as federal environment minister between 2009 and 2012. Joined the CDU in high school and built a career in the party, becoming a member of parliament in 1994.  Röttgen fell out of favour with the Merkel in 2012, after choosing to run for the premiership in North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany’s most populous state, and achieving one of the worst results in his party’s history. He was sacked from cabinet days after the result.

A centrist, Röttgen is well liked by older, establishment CDU insiders. He advocates the core values of the old German republic—transatlanticism, the Franco-German partnership and a strong anchoring of Germany in the EU. Seen as solidly grounded in all the major political issues of the day. Critics have pointed to his loss in North Rhine-Westphalia and he "lacks the common touch" to steer the party in the current state of German politics.

Opinion polling

Results


KSRT

KSRT (107.1 FM) is a radio station broadcasting a Regional Mexican format. Licensed to Cloverdale, California, United States, it serves the Santa Rosa area.  The station is currently owned by Lazer Licenses, LLC.

External links

SRT
SRT


Straight Street (album)

Straight Street is an album by pianist Harold Mabern. It was recorded in 1989 and released by DIW Records.

Recording and music
The album was recorded in New York in 1989. The personnel are Harold Mabern (piano), Ron Carter (bass), and Jack DeJohnette (drums). The final track is a solo piano piece entitled "Apab and Others", referencing fellow pianists Art Tatum, Phineas Newborn, Ahmad Jamal, and Bud Powell.

Release and reception

Straight Street was released by DIW Records. It was distributed in the United States by Columbia Records.

The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow reported that, "The interplay between the musicians is impressive and Mabern is heard throughout in excellent form."

Track listing
"Mr. Stitt"
"It's All in the Game"
"To Wane"
"Afterthoughts"
"Straight Street"
"Don't You Worry 'Bout a Thing"
"Crescent"
"It's You or No One"
"Seminole"
"Apab and Others"

Personnel
Harold Mabern – piano
Ron Carter – bass (tracks 1–9)
Jack DeJohnette – drums (tracks 1–9)


Trinomen

In zoological nomenclature, a trinomen (plural: trinomina),  name, or ternary name, refers to the name of a subspecies. For example: "Gorilla gorilla gorilla" (Savage, 1847) for the western lowland gorilla (genus Gorilla, species western gorilla). Also, "Bison bison bison" (Linnaeus, 1758) for the plains bison (genus Bison, species American bison).

A trinomen is a name with three parts: generic name, specific name and subspecific name. The first two parts alone form the binomen or species name. All three names are typeset in italics, and only the first letter of the generic name is capitalised. No indicator of rank is included: in zoology, subspecies is the only rank below that of species. For example: "Buteo jamaicensis borealis is one of the subspecies of the red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis)."

In a taxonomic publication, a name is incomplete without an author citation and publication details. This indicates who published the name, in what publication, and the date of the publication.
For example: "Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826)" denotes a subspecies of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) introduced by James Francis Stephens in 1826 under the subspecies name novaehollandiae ("of New Holland").

If the generic and specific name have already been mentioned in the same paragraph, they are often abbreviated to initial letters. For example, one might write: "The great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo has a distinct subspecies in Australasia, the black shag P. c. novaehollandiae".

While binomial nomenclature came into being and immediately gained widespread acceptance in the mid-18th century, it was not until the early 20th century that the current unified standard of  nomenclature was agreed upon. This became the standard mainly because of tireless promotion by Elliott Coues – even though trinomina in the modern usage were pioneered in 1828 by Carl Friedrich Bruch and around 1850 was widely used especially by Hermann Schlegel and John Cassin. As late as the 1930s, the use of trinomina was not fully established in all fields of zoology. Thus, when referring especially European works of the preceding era, the nomenclature used is usually not in accord with contemporary standards.