Simon Brainin
Simon Brainin (July 15, 1854 in Riga, Russian Empire) was a Russian physician.

He graduated from the gymnasium in Riga (now Latvia); studied medicine at the universities of Dorpat and Berlin; held the position of physician of the Jewish community of Riga; and was one of the directors of the community, the last independent Jewish kahal in Russia, until this institution was abolished by the government. He was a member of the committee of the government to investigate the rights of the Jews of the city of Riga, 1885; delegate from the government of Poltava to the rabbinical conference at St. Petersburg, 1892; and a member of the Society for the Promotion of Culture Among the Jews of Russia. In 1895 he emigrated to New York City, where he became (1902) a practicing physician, and member of the county medical and German medical societies, of the Harlem Medical Association, and of the New York Historical Society.

Literary works 
Brainin is the author of:

 "Oraḥ la-Ḥayyim", a work on popular medicine, in Hebrew, Wilna, 1883
 "Der Aerztliche Führer", Riga, 1885
 "Ueber Kefyr," Vienna, 1886

and many articles in various periodicals.