March 14
Events
 44 BC – Casca and Cassius decide, on the night before the Assassination of Julius Caesar, that Mark Antony should live.
 313 – Emperor Jin Huaidi is executed by Liu Cong, ruler of the Xiongnu state (Han Zhao).
 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under Charles, Duke of Mayenne, during the French Wars of Religion.
 1647 – Thirty Years' War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.
 1663 – According to his own account, Otto von Guericke completes his book De Vacuo.
 1674 - The Third Anglo-Dutch War: The Battle of Ronas Voe results in the Dutch East India Company ship Wapen van Rotterdam being captured with a death toll of up to 300 Dutch crew and soldiers.
 1757 – Admiral Sir John Byng is executed by firing squad aboard  for breach of the Articles of War.
 1780 – American Revolutionary War: Spanish forces capture Fort Charlotte in Mobile, Alabama, the last British frontier post capable of threatening New Orleans in Spanish Louisiana.
 1782 – Battle of Wuchale: Emperor Tekle Giyorgis I pacifies a group of Oromo near Wuchale.
 1794 – Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin.
 1885 – The Mikado, a light opera by W. S. Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan, receives its first public performance in London.
 1900 – The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing United States currency on the gold standard.
 1903 – The Hay–Herrán Treaty, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is ratified by the United States Senate. The Senate of Colombia would later reject the treaty.
  1903   – Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge is established by US President Theodore Roosevelt.
 1910 – Lakeview Gusher, the largest U.S. oil well gusher near Bakersfield, California, vents to atmosphere.
 1920 – About 80 % of the population in Zone II votes to remain part of Weimar Germany in the 1920 Schleswig plebiscites.
 1926 – El Virilla train accident, Costa Rica: A train falls off a bridge over the Río Virilla between Heredia and Tibás. Two hundred forty-eight are killed and 93 wounded.
 1931 – Alam Ara, India's first talking film, is released.
 1936 – The first all-sound film version of Show Boat opens at Radio City Music Hall.
 1939 – Slovakia declares independence under German pressure.
 1942 – Orvan Hess and John Bumstead became the first in the United States successfully to treat a patient, Anne Miller, using penicillin.
 1943 – World War II: The Kraków Ghetto is "liquidated".
 1945 – World War II: The R.A.F.'s first operational use of the Grand Slam bomb, Bielefeld, Germany.
 1951 – Korean War: For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul.
 1961 – USAF Broken Arrow nuclear weapon mishap in B-52 crash near Yuba City, Ca.
 1964 – A jury in Dallas finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing Lee Harvey Oswald, the assumed assassin of John F. Kennedy.
 1967 – The body of U.S. President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.
 1978 – The Israel Defense Forces invade and occupies southern Lebanon in Operation Litani.
 1979 – In China, a Hawker Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing, killing 44 and injuring at least 200.
 1980 – In Poland, LOT Flight 7 crashes during final approach near Warsaw, killing 87 people, including a 14-man American boxing team.
 1982 – The South African government bombs the headquarters of the African National Congress in London. 
 1988 – Johnson South Reef Skirmish: Chinese forces defeat Vietnamese forces in Johnson South Reef, disputed Spratly Islands.
 1994 – Timeline of Linux development: Linux kernel version 1.0.0 is released.
 1995 – Space exploration: Astronaut Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on board a Russian launch vehicle.
 2006 – Members of the Chadian military fail in an attempted coup d'état.
 2007 – The Left Front government of West Bengal sends at least 3,000 police to Nandigram in an attempt to break Bhumi Uchhed Pratirodh Committee resistance there; the resulting clash leaves 14 dead.
 2008 – A series of riots, protests, and demonstrations erupt in Lhasa and subsequently spread elsewhere in Tibet.
 2019 – Cyclone Idai makes landfall near Beira, Mozambique, causing devastating floods and over 1000 deaths.

Births

 1415 – Wilhelm II, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen (d. 1444)
 1418 – Philip II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1492)
 1473 – Reinhard IV, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1512)
 1576 – Eric of Lorraine, Bishop of Verdun (d. 1623)
 1638 – Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic (d. 1710)
 1665 – Giuseppe Crespi, Italian painter (d. 1747)
 1681 – Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer and theorist (d. 1767)
 1772 – José Núñez de Cáceres, Dominican politician and writer. Leader of the independence of the Dominican Republic (d. 1846)
 1790 – Ludwig Emil Grimm, German painter and engraver (d. 1863)
 1800 – James Bogardus, American inventor and architect (d. 1874)
 1801 – Kristjan Jaak Peterson, Estonian poet (d. 1822)
 1804 – Johann Strauss I, Austrian composer and conductor (d. 1849)
 1813 – Joseph P. Bradley, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1892)
 1820 – Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (d. 1878)
 1822 – Teresa Cristina of the Two Sicilies (d. 1889)
 1823 – Théodore de Banville, French poet and critic (d. 1891)
 1833 – Frederic Shields, English painter and illustrator (d. 1911)
  1833   – Lucy Hobbs Taylor, American dentist and educator (d. 1910)
 1835 – Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer and historian (d. 1910)
 1836 – Isabella Beeton, English author of Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management (d. 1865)
 1837 – Charles Ammi Cutter, American librarian (d. 1903)
 1844 – Umberto I of Italy (d. 1900)
  1844   – Arthur O'Shaughnessy, English poet and herpetologist (d. 1881)
 1847 – Castro Alves, Brazilian poet and playwright (d. 1871)
 1853 – Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter (d. 1918)
 1854 – Paul Ehrlich, German physician and biologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1915)
  1854   – John Lane, English publisher, co-founded The Bodley Head (d. 1925)
  1854   – Alexandru Macedonski, Romanian author and poet (d. 1920)
  1854   – Thomas R. Marshall, American lawyer and politician, 28th Vice President of the United States of America (d. 1925)
 1862 – Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (d. 1951)
 1863 – Casey Jones, American engineer (d. 1900)
 1866 – Alexey Troitsky, Russian composer and author (d. 1942)
 1868 – Emily Murphy, Canadian jurist, author, and activist (d. 1933)
 1869 – Algernon Blackwood, English author and playwright (d. 1951)
 1874 – Anton Philips, Dutch businessman, co-founded Philips Electronics (d. 1951)
 1879 – Albert Einstein, German-American physicist, engineer, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
 1880 – Princess Thyra of Denmark (d. 1945)
 1882 – Wacław Sierpiński, Polish mathematician and academic (d. 1969)
 1885 – Gervais Raoul Lufbery, French-American soldier and pilot (d. 1918)
 1886 – Firmin Lambot, Belgian cyclist (d. 1964)
 1887 – Sylvia Beach, American-French publisher, founded Shakespeare and Company (d. 1962)
 1894 – Osa Johnson, American director and explorer (d. 1953)
 1898 – Arnold Chikobava, Georgian linguist and philologist (d. 1985)
  1898   – Reginald Marsh, French-American painter and illustrator (d. 1954)
 1899 – K. C. Irving, Canadian businessman, founded Irving Oil (d. 1992)
 1901 – Sid Atkinson, South African hurdler and long jumper (d. 1977)
 1903 – Adolph Gottlieb, American painter and sculptor (d. 1974)
 1904 – Doris Eaton Travis, American actress and dancer (d. 2010)
 1905 – Raymond Aron, French journalist, sociologist, and philosopher (d. 1983)
 1906 – Ulvi Cemal Erkin, Turkish composer and educator (d. 1972)
  1906   – Fazıl Küçük, Cypriot journalist and politician (d. 1984)
 1908 – Ed Heinemann, American engineer (d. 1991)
  1908   – Maurice Merleau-Ponty, French philosopher and academic (d. 1961)
  1908   – Philip Conrad Vincent, English engineer and businessman, founded Vincent Motorcycles (d. 1979)
 1911 – Akira Yoshizawa, Japanese origamist (d. 2005)
 1912 – Cliff Bastin, English footballer (d. 1991)
  1912   – Les Brown, American saxophonist, composer, and bandleader (d. 2001)
  1912   – W. Graham Claytor, Jr. American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 15th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 1994)
  1912   – W. Willard Wirtz, American lawyer and politician, 10th United States Secretary of Labor (d. 2010)
 1914 – Lee Hays, American singer-songwriter (d. 1981)
  1914   – Bill Owen, English actor and songwriter (d. 1999)
  1914   – Lee Petty, American race car driver and businessman, founded Petty Enterprises (d. 2000)
 1915 – Alexander Brott, Canadian violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 2005)
 1916 – Horton Foote, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2009)
 1917 – Alan Smith, English lieutenant and pilot (d. 2013)
 1918 – Zoia Horn, American librarian (d. 2014) 
1918 – Dennis Patrick, American actor and director (d. 2002)
 1919 – Max Shulman, American author and screenwriter (d. 1988)
 1920 – Hank Ketcham, American author and cartoonist, created Dennis the Menace (d. 2001)
  1920   – Dorothy Tyler-Odam, English high jumper (d. 2014)
 1921 – S. Truett Cathy, American businessman, founded Chick-fil-A (d. 2014)
  1921   – Ada Louise Huxtable, American author and critic (d. 2013)
 1922 – Les Baxter, American pianist and composer (d. 1996)
  1922   – China Zorrilla, Uruguayan actress, director, and producer (d. 2014)
 1923 – Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971)
 1925 – William Clay Ford, Sr., American businessman (d. 2014)
  1925   – Joseph A. Unanue, American sergeant and businessman (d. 2013)
 1926 – François Morel, Canadian pianist, composer, conductor, and educator (d. 2018)
 1928 – Frank Borman, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut
  1928   – Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish environmentalist (d. 1980)
 1929 – Bob Goalby, American golfer
 1932 – Mark Murphy, American singer-songwriter and actor (d. 2015)
  1932   – Naina Yeltsina, Russian wife of Boris Yeltsin, First Lady of Russia
 1933 – Michael Caine, English actor and author
  1933   – Quincy Jones, American singer-songwriter, trumpet player, and producer
 1934 – Eugene Cernan, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2017)
  1934   – Paul Rader, American 15th General of The Salvation Army
 1936 – Bob Charles, New Zealand golfer
 1937 – Peter van der Merwe, South African cricketer and referee (d. 2013)
 1938 – Eleanor Bron, English actress and screenwriter
  1938   – John Gleeson, Australian cricketer (d. 2016)
 1939 – Pilar Bardem, Spanish actress
  1939   – Raymond J. Barry, American actor
  1939   – Bertrand Blier, French director and screenwriter
  1939   – Yves Boisset, French director and screenwriter
  1939   – Jan Crouch, American televangelist, co-founder of the Trinity Broadcasting Network (d. 2016)
 1941 – Wolfgang Petersen, German-American director, producer, and screenwriter
 1942 – Rita Tushingham, English actress
 1943 – Anita Morris, American actress and singer (d. 1994)
 1944 – Boris Brott, Canadian composer and conductor
  1944   – Václav Nedomanský, Czech ice hockey player and manager
  1944   – Bobby Smith, English footballer and manager
  1944   – Tom Stannage, Australian historian and academic (d. 2012)
 1945 – Jasper Carrott, English comedian, actor, and game show host 
  1945   – Michael Martin Murphey, American singer-songwriter and guitarist  	
  1945   – Walter Parazaider, American saxophonist 
 1946 – William Lerach, American securities, class action attorney
 1946 – Wes Unseld, American basketball player, coach, and manager
 1947 – Roy Budd, English pianist and composer (d. 1993)
  1947   – William J. Jefferson, American lawyer and politician
  1947   – Jona Lewie, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player 
 1948 – Tom Coburn, American physician and politician
  1948   – Billy Crystal, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
  1948   – Theo Jansen, Dutch sculptor
 1950 – Rick Dees, American actor and radio host
 1951 – Jerry Greenfield, American businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Ben & Jerry's
 1953 – Nick Keir, Scottish singer-songwriter (d. 2013)
 1954 – Brian Smith, Australian rugby league player and coach
 1955 – Jonathan Kaufer, American director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
 1956 – Sean Mathias, Welsh actor, director, and screenwriter
  1956   – Alexey Pajitnov, Russian video game designer and computer engineer, creator of Tetris  
  1956   – Butch Wynegar, American baseball player and coach
 1957 – Jean van de Velde, Dutch director and screenwriter
  1957   – Tad Williams, American author
 1958 – Albert II, Prince of Monaco
  1958   – Francine Stock, English journalist and author
 1959 – Steve Byrnes, American sportscaster and producer (d. 2015)
  1959   – Laila Robins, American actress
  1959   – Tamara Tunie, American actress
 1960 – Heidi Hammel, American astronomer and academic
 1961 – Garry Jack, Australian rugby league player and coach
  1961   – Penny Johnson Jerald, American actress
  1961   – Mike Lazaridis, Turkish–Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded BlackBerry Limited
  1961   – Hiro Matsushita, Japanese race car driver
 1963 – Andrew Fleming, American director and screenwriter
  1963   – Bruce Reid, Australian cricketer and coach
 1964 – Dario Bisso Sabàdin, Italian conductor and composer
 1965 – Kevin Brown, American baseball player and coach
  1965   – Aamir Khan, Indian film actor, producer, and director
  1965   – Billy Sherwood, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer 
  1965   – Kevin Williamson, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
 1966 – Jonas Elmer, Danish actor, director, and screenwriter
  1966   – Elise Neal, American actress and producer
  1966   – Gary Anthony Williams, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
 1967 – Jeremy Baumberg FRS Professor of Nanoscience at the University of Cambridge
 1968 – Megan Follows, Canadian-American actress
  1968   – James Frain, English actor
  1968   – Serena Rees, English businesswoman, co-founded Agent Provocateur
 1969 – Michael Bland, American drummer and producer 
  1969   – Larry Johnson, American basketball player and actor
 1970 – Kristian Bush, American singer-songwriter and guitarist 
 1971 – Charlie Elphicke, English lawyer and politician
 1972 – Irom Chanu Sharmila, Indian poet and activist
 1973 – Rohit Shetty, Indian film director and producer
 1974 – Ben Kennedy, Australian rugby player
  1974   – Santino Marella, Canadian-American wrestler and actor
  1974   – Patrick Traverse, Canadian ice hockey player
 1975 – Rushanara Ali, Bangladeshi-English politician
  1975   – Steve Harper, English footballer and referee
  1975   – Dmitri Markov, Belarusian-Australian pole vaulter
 1976 – Daniel Gillies, Canadian-New Zealand actor, director, and screenwriter
  1976   – Phil Vickery, English rugby player and sportscaster
 1977 – Vadims Fjodorovs, Latvian footballer and coach
  1977   – Aki Hoshino, Japanese model and author
  1977   – Naoki Matsuda, Japanese footballer (d. 2011)
  1977   – Jeremy Paul, New Zealand-Australian rugby player
 1978 – Pieter van den Hoogenband, Dutch swimmer
 1979 – Nicolas Anelka, French footballer and manager
   1979   – Chris Klein, American actor
   1979   – Sead Ramović, German-Bosnian footballer
   1979   – Dan Sexbang, lead singer of NSP, American Internet Celebrity (2013–present)
 1980 – Aaron Brown, English footballer and coach
   1980   – Ben Herring, New Zealand rugby player
 1981 – Bobby Jenks, American baseball player
   1981   – George Wilson, American football player
 1982 – Carlos Marinelli, Argentinian footballer
   1982   – François Sterchele, Belgian footballer (d. 2008)
 1983 – Bakhtiyar Artayev, Kazakh boxer
   1983   – Taylor Hanson, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player 
   1983   – Anas Sarwar, Scottish dentist and politician
   1983   – Jin Sha, Chinese singer and actress
 1984 – Aric Almirola, American race car driver
 1986 – Elton Chigumbura, Zimbabwean cricketer
   1986   – Jessica Gallagher, Australian skier and cyclist
   1986   – Andy Taylor, English footballer
 1988 – Stephen Curry, American basketball player
  1988   – Rico Freimuth, German decathlete
 1989 – Kevin Lacroix, Canadian race car driver
 1990 – Joe Allen, Welsh footballer
  1990   – Tamás Kádár, Hungarian footballer
  1990   – Haru Kuroki, Japanese actress
  1990   – Kolbeinn Sigþórsson, Icelandic footballer
 1991 – Emir Bekrić, Serbian hurdler
  1991   – László Szűcs, Hungarian footballer
  1991   – Steven Zellner, German footballer
 1993 – Philipp Ziereis, German footballer
 1994 – Ansel Elgort, American actor and DJ
 1996 – Batuhan Altıntaş, Turkish footballer
 1997 – Simone Biles, American gymnast

Deaths
 313  – Emperor Huai of Jin (b. 284)
 557  – Leobinus, bishop of Chartres 
 757 – Li Lin, prince of the Tang dynasty
 840 – Einhard, Frankish scholar
 968  – Matilda of Ringelheim, Frankish queen and saint (b. 895)
 1397 – Henry VIII the Sparrow, Duke of Żagań–Głogów (b.c. 1357)
 1457 – The Jingtai Emperor, ruler of Ming China (b. 1428)
 1471 – Thomas Malory, English author and politician (b. 1405)
 1555 – John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford (b. 1485)
 1571 – John Sigismund Zápolya, Hungarian king (b. 1540)
 1632 – Tokugawa Hidetada, Japanese shōgun (b. 1579)
 1647 – Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (b. 1584)
 1648 – Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English general and politician (b. 1584)
 1696 – Jean Domat, French lawyer and jurist (b. 1625)
 1748 – George Wade, Irish field marshal and politician (b. 1673)
 1757 – John Byng, British admiral and politician, 11th Commodore Governor of Newfoundland (b. 1704)
 1765 – Ayagawa Gorōji, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 2nd Yokozuna (b. 1703)
 1791 – Johann Salomo Semler, German historian and critic (b. 1725)
 1803 – Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German poet (b. 1724)
 1805 – Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki, Polish-Lithuanian general (b. 1753)
 1811 – Augustus FitzRoy, 3rd Duke of Grafton, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1735)
 1823 – Charles François Dumouriez, French general and politician, French Minister of War (b. 1739)
 1860 – Carl Ritter von Ghega, Italian engineer, designed the Semmering railway (b. 1802)
 1877 – Juan Manuel de Rosas, Argentinian general and politician, 17th Governor of Buenos Aires Province (b. 1793)
 1883 – Karl Marx, German philosopher and theorist (b. 1818)
 1884 – Quintino Sella, Italian economist and politician, Italian Minister of Finances (b. 1827)
 1921 – Larry McLean, Canadian-American baseball player (b. 1881)
 1932 – George Eastman, American inventor and businessman, founded Eastman Kodak (b. 1854)
 1942 – René Bull, Irish lieutenant and illustrator (b. 1872)
 1946 – Werner von Blomberg, German field marshal (b. 1878)
 1949 – John Callan O'Laughlin, American journalist and politician, 17th United States Assistant Secretary of State (b. 1873)
 1953 – Klement Gottwald, Czechoslovak Communist politician (b. 1896)
 1957 – Evagoras Pallikarides, Cypriot activist (b. 1938)
 1965 – Marion Jones Farquhar, American tennis player (b. 1879)
 1968 – Erwin Panofsky, German historian and academic (b. 1892)
 1969 – Ben Shahn, Lithuanian-American painter, illustrator, and educator (b. 1898)
 1973 – Howard H. Aiken, American computer scientist and engineer (b. 1900)
  1973   – Chic Young, American cartoonist (b. 1901)
 1975 – Susan Hayward, American actress (b. 1917)
 1976 – Busby Berkeley, American director and choreographer (b. 1895)
1977 – Fannie Lou Hamer, American activist and philanthropist (b. 1917)
 1980 – Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Indonesia (b. 1902)
  1980   – Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente, Spanish environmentalist (b. 1928)
 1983 – Maurice Ronet, French actor and director (b. 1927)
 1984 – Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet (b. 1915)
 1989 – Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary (b. 1892)
 1991 – Howard Ashman, American playwright and composer (b. 1950)
  1991   – Margery Sharp, English author (b. 1905)
 1992 – Jean Poiret, French actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1926)
 1995 – William Alfred Fowler, American physicist and astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
 1997 – Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-American director and producer (b. 1907)
 1999 – Kirk Alyn, American actor (b. 1910)
  1999   – John Broome, American author (b. 1913)
 2002 – Cherry Wilder, New Zealand author and poet (b. 1930)
 2003 – Jack Goldstein, Canadian-American painter (b. 1945)
  2003   – Jean-Luc Lagardère, French engineer and businessman (b. 1928)
 2006 – Lennart Meri, Estonian director and politician, 2nd President of Estonia (b. 1929)
 2007 – Lucie Aubrac, French educator and activist (b. 1912)
 2008 – Chiara Lubich, Italian activist, co-founded the Focolare Movement (b. 1920)
 2010 – Peter Graves, American actor (b. 1926)
 2012 – Pierre Schoendoerffer, French director and screenwriter (b. 1928)
  2012   – Ċensu Tabone, Maltese general and politician, 4th President of Malta (b. 1913)
 2013 – Jack Greene, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1930)
  2013   – Aramais Sahakyan, Armenian poet and author (b. 1936)
  2013   – Ieng Sary, Vietnamese-Cambodian politician, Cambodian Minister for Foreign Affairs (b. 1925)
 2014 – Tony Benn, English pilot and politician, Postmaster General of the United Kingdom (b. 1925)
  2014   – Meir Har-Zion, Israeli commander (b. 1934)
 2016 – John W. Cahn, German-American metallurgist and academic (b. 1928)
  2016   – Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer and conductor (b. 1934)
  2016   – Suranimala Rajapaksha, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (b. 1949)
 2018 – Jim Bowen, English stand-up comedian and TV personality (b. 1937)
   2018   – Marielle Franco, Brazilian politician and human rights activist (b. 1979)
   2018   – Stephen Hawking, English physicist and author (b. 1942)
   2018   – Emily Nasrallah, Lebanese writer and women's rights activist. (b. 1931)
   2018   – Liam O'Flynn, Irish uileann piper (b. 1945)

Holidays and observances
 Christian feast day:
 Curetán (or Boniface)
 Leobinus
 Matilda of Ringelheim
 March 14 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
 Constitution Day (Andorra)
 Earliest day on which Lazarus Saturday can fall, while April 17 is the latest; observed on the day before Palm Sunday. (Eastern Orthodox Church)
 Heroes' Day (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines)
 Mother Tongue Day (Estonia)
 Nanakshahi New Year, first day of the month of Chet (Sikhism)
 Pi Day
 Summer Day (Albania)
 White Day, complementary day of Valentine's Day when men give gifts to women (Japan and Korea)