Theories of reliability
Although the techniques above vary in their approach, they all share the goal of improving reliability on complex tasks. Mainly they do this by:

decomposing unreliable operations into smaller, more reliable operations (e.g., selection-inference prompting)
using multiple steps or multiple relationships to make the system's reliability greater than any individual component (e.g., maieutic prompting)
Probabilistic graphical models
This paradigm of trying to build a reliable system out of less reliable components is reminiscent of probabilistic programming, and many of the analysis techniques of that field can be applied to this one.

In the paper Language Model Cascades, David Dohan et al. interpret the above techniques in the paradigm of probabilistic graphical models: