Targeting the unfolded protein response, XBP1, and the NLRP3 inflammasome in fibrosis and cancer
A spayed, 9-y-old, female boxer had been cytologically diagnosed with stage IVb multicentric, high grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and grade II mast cell tumor. She had been diagnosed with lymphoma 5 mo prior to enrollment in the study and had failed various standard canine protocols (CHOP-based treatment, single agent Lomustine, prednisone, and MOPP). At the start of treatment, she had been on 0.5 mg/kg prednisone daily, and her tumor was rapidly progressive. She had generalized peripheral lymphadenopathy and suspected progression of lymphoma to the lung parenchyma based on clinical signs and thoracic radiographs. Her last treatment prior to Naclynamide had been her fourth dose of subcutaneous l-asparaginase, to which she had had a partial response that lasted 1.5 wk.\nAll peripheral lymph nodes measured approximately 2 cm in diameter except for the right prescapular lymph node, which measured 6.5 × 5 × 5 cm. We chose the prescapular lymph node to monitor the efficacy of Naclynamide treatment. During treatment all other peripheral lymph nodes either decreased in size or remained at 2 cm. On the third treatment visit (1.5 wk after the start of the treatment), the prescapular lymph node was reported to be painful, and was evaluated by cytology. Marked neutrophilic inflammation was noted without the obvious presence of bacteria (). A lymph node aspirate was evaluated cytologically by a board-certified clinical pathologist and it was reported to have no evidence of lymphoma and the cytological diagnosis was suppurative inflammation.