Use of a combined retroperitoneoscopic and transperitoneal laparoscopic technique for the management of renal cell carcinoma with level I tumor thrombi
A 46-year-old man presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain. His CT and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a 13 × 10 × 10 cm renal mass and a renal vein thrombus extending 1.5 cm into the vena cava. The metastatic work-up using a thorax CT and bone scan was negative. After obtaining the consent of the patient, surgery using the “combination technique” was planned.