Intramural hematoma of the ascending colon leading to intraperitoneal hemorrhage: a possible post-polypectomy complication
A 61-year-old male was admitted to our hospital due to lymphadenopathy of unknown origin. He was an obese, ex-smoker, receiving acenocoumarol due to aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A colonoscopy with ileal intubation was conducted as part of a thorough work-up. Acenocoumarol was discontinued 5 days before the endoscopic procedure and was substituted by low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). Last LMWH injection was administered the day before endoscopy and was reinstituted the day after []. His laboratory tests on the day of colonoscopy were: hemoglobin 9.48 g/dL (11-14), platelet count 150 K/μL (150-400) and INR 1.3 (0.9-1.2). Three polyps (d=0.4-0.8 cm) were detected and removed: a sessile in the proximal ascending colon using hot snare and two in the sigmoid (a sessile and a pedunculated) using cold snare technique. The diathermy used for hot snare polypectomy (ERBE ICC 200, Tübingen, Germany) was set in endo-cut mode at 120 Watt. The patient was discharged 2 days later without any signs of short-term complications, with instructions for continuing LMWH injections. Two days later he presented with rectal bleeding. A new colonoscopy revealed a red clot on every polypectomy site with oozing bleeding at the ascending colon. Adrenaline solution was injected initially, then clots were removed with a snare and metallic clips (Resolution Clip, Boston Scientific Corporation, Natick, MA) were placed in all three polypectomy sites with resolution of hemorrhage. The patient was discharged 2 days later with instructions for initiating LMWH injections the day after. Ten days later, he presented with lower abdominal pain, three vomiting episodes and gas and stool retention over the last 24 h. Physical examination revealed an acutely ill, afebrile patient with a palpable mass on his right lower abdominal quadrant and a suggestion of ileus in the plain radiograph. A nasogastric tube was placed and intravenous antibiotic therapy (cefoxitin, metronidazole) and decongestive enemas were introduced. On the following day, his condition deteriorated with an exacerbation of the abdominal pain and a sharp decrease in hemoglobin (11.3 to 9.1 g/dL). He underwent an abdominal CT scan, which provided a suspicion for intussusception of the cecum into the ascending colon () and a new colonoscopy was conducted. Clips remained intact but in the ascending colon a protruding violet-reddish mass with edematous rims was seen next to the polypectomy site (). The patient was urgently operated, where extensive intra-abdominal hemorrhage was the initial finding. The bleeding source was a wide rupture of both the serosal and muscular layers of the proximal ascending colon. A right hemicolectomy was performed. The patient died, while in the Intensive Care Unit, 4 days later due to recurrent cardiac arrest episodes. Pathology report confirmed the existence of an intramural hematoma in the proximal ascending colon with hemorrhagic infiltration of all layers and no signs of intussusception, vasculitis or other noteworthy coexistent lesions ().