Binder's syndrome: Report of two cases
A 19-year-old male patient reported to dental clinics with a chief complaint of facial deformity. On extra-oral examination he presented with a mild Class III skeletal pattern. Mid-face hypoplasia was evident with a reduced fronto-nasal angle reflected in a straight profile. The lips were competent at rest with no obvious facial asymmetry [Figures and ]. No deviation was noticed on opening or closing of jaws.\nIntra-oral examination revealed the absence of permanent left central and lateral incisors (21,22) along with both mandibular canines. The maxillary arch exhibited displaced canines and left lateral incisor whereas mild crowding was evident in the mandibular arch. In addition, reverse overjet and over bite of 3-4 mm was seen [Figures –].\nOn radiological examination, the lateral cephalogram confirmed the clinically apparent Class III skeletal pattern, along with an increased mandibular plane angle and increased lower facial height. Pseudo-mandibular prognathism was also seen due to retrognathic maxilla [].