static int upper_bound ( int [ ] array , int length , int value ) {
  int low = 0 ;
  int high = length ;
  while ( low < high ) {
    final int mid = ( low + high ) / 2 ;
    if ( value >= array [ mid ] ) {
      low = mid + 1 ;
    }
    else {
      high = mid ;
    }
  }
  return low ;
}

static int upper_bound ( int [ ] array , int length , int value ) { int low = 0 ; int high = length ; while ( low < high ) { final int mid = ( low + high ) / 2 ; if ( value >= array [ mid ] ) { low = mid + 1 ; } else { high = mid ; } } return low ; }
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