static int xorRange ( int l , int r ) {
  int max_bit = msb ( r ) ;
  int mul = 2 ;
  int ans = 0 ;
  for ( int i = 1 ;
  i <= max_bit ;
  i ++ ) {
    if ( ( l / mul ) * mul == ( r / mul ) * mul ) {
      if ( ( ( l & ( 1 << i ) ) != 0 ) && ( r - l + 1 ) % 2 == 1 ) ans += mul ;
      mul *= 2 ;
      continue ;
    }
    int odd_c = 0 ;
    if ( ( ( l & ( 1 << i ) ) != 0 ) && l % 2 == 1 ) odd_c = ( odd_c ^ 1 ) ;
    if ( ( ( r & ( 1 << i ) ) != 0 ) && r % 2 == 0 ) odd_c = ( odd_c ^ 1 ) ;
    if ( odd_c != 0 ) ans += mul ;
    mul *= 2 ;
  }
  int zero_bit_cnt = zero_bit_cnt = ( r - l + 1 ) / 2 ;
  if ( l % 2 == 1 && r % 2 == 1 ) zero_bit_cnt ++ ;
  if ( zero_bit_cnt % 2 == 1 ) ans ++ ;
  return ans ;
}

static int xorRange ( int l , int r ) { int max_bit = msb ( r ) ; int mul = 2 ; int ans = 0 ; for ( int i = 1 ; i <= max_bit ; i ++ ) { if ( ( l / mul ) * mul == ( r / mul ) * mul ) { if ( ( ( l & ( 1 << i ) ) != 0 ) && ( r - l + 1 ) % 2 == 1 ) ans += mul ; mul *= 2 ; continue ; } int odd_c = 0 ; if ( ( ( l & ( 1 << i ) ) != 0 ) && l % 2 == 1 ) odd_c = ( odd_c ^ 1 ) ; if ( ( ( r & ( 1 << i ) ) != 0 ) && r % 2 == 0 ) odd_c = ( odd_c ^ 1 ) ; if ( odd_c != 0 ) ans += mul ; mul *= 2 ; } int zero_bit_cnt = zero_bit_cnt = ( r - l + 1 ) / 2 ; if ( l % 2 == 1 && r % 2 == 1 ) zero_bit_cnt ++ ; if ( zero_bit_cnt % 2 == 1 ) ans ++ ; return ans ; }
(method_declaration (modifiers) type: (integral_type) name: (identifier) parameters: (formal_parameters (formal_parameter type: (integral_type) name: (identifier)) (formal_parameter type: (integral_type) name: (identifier))) body: (block (local_variable_declaration type: (integral_type) declarator: (variable_declarator name: (identifier) value: (method_invocation name: (identifier) arguments: (argument_list (identifier))))) (local_variable_declaration type: (integral_type) declarator: (variable_declarator name: (identifier) value: (decimal_integer_literal))) (local_variable_declaration type: (integral_type) declarator: (variable_declarator name: (identifier) value: (decimal_integer_literal))) (for_statement init: (local_variable_declaration type: (integral_type) declarator: (variable_declarator name: (identifier) value: (decimal_integer_literal))) condition: (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (identifier)) update: (update_expression (identifier)) body: (block (if_statement condition: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (binary_expression left: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (identifier))) right: (identifier)) right: (binary_expression left: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (identifier))) right: (identifier)))) consequence: (block (if_statement condition: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (decimal_integer_literal) right: (identifier))))) right: (decimal_integer_literal))) right: (binary_expression left: (binary_expression left: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (identifier)) right: (decimal_integer_literal))) right: (decimal_integer_literal)) right: (decimal_integer_literal)))) consequence: (expression_statement (assignment_expression left: (identifier) right: (identifier)))) (expression_statement (assignment_expression left: (identifier) right: (decimal_integer_literal))) (continue_statement))) (local_variable_declaration type: (integral_type) declarator: (variable_declarator name: (identifier) value: (decimal_integer_literal))) (if_statement condition: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (decimal_integer_literal) right: (identifier))))) right: (decimal_integer_literal))) right: (binary_expression left: (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (decimal_integer_literal)) right: (decimal_integer_literal)))) consequence: (expression_statement (assignment_expression left: (identifier) right: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (decimal_integer_literal)))))) (if_statement 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type: (integral_type) declarator: (variable_declarator name: (identifier) value: (assignment_expression left: (identifier) right: (binary_expression left: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (identifier)) right: (decimal_integer_literal))) right: (decimal_integer_literal))))) (if_statement condition: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (binary_expression left: (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (decimal_integer_literal)) right: (decimal_integer_literal)) right: (binary_expression left: (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (decimal_integer_literal)) right: (decimal_integer_literal)))) consequence: (expression_statement (update_expression (identifier)))) (if_statement condition: (parenthesized_expression (binary_expression left: (binary_expression left: (identifier) right: (decimal_integer_literal)) right: (decimal_integer_literal))) consequence: (expression_statement (update_expression (identifier)))) (return_statement (identifier))))