public static void main ( String [ ] args ) throws Exception {
  BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader ( new InputStreamReader ( System . in ) ) ;
  StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer ( br . readLine ( ) ) ;
  int n = Integer . parseInt ( st . nextToken ( ) ) ;
  ArrayList < Integer > list [ ] = new ArrayList [ n + 1 ] ;
  for ( int i = 1 ;
  i <= n ;
  i ++ ) list [ i ] = new ArrayList < > ( ) ;
  for ( int i = 2 ;
  i <= n ;
  i ++ ) {
    int temp = Integer . parseInt ( br . readLine ( ) ) ;
    list [ i ] . add ( temp ) ;
    list [ temp ] . add ( i ) ;
  }
  System . out . println ( dfs ( list , 1 , - 1 ) ) ;
}

public static void main ( String [ ] args ) throws Exception { BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader ( new InputStreamReader ( System . in ) ) ; StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer ( br . readLine ( ) ) ; int n = Integer . parseInt ( st . nextToken ( ) ) ; ArrayList < Integer > list [ ] = new ArrayList [ n + 1 ] ; for ( int i = 1 ; i <= n ; i ++ ) list [ i ] = new ArrayList < > ( ) ; for ( int i = 2 ; i <= n ; i ++ ) { int temp = Integer . parseInt ( br . readLine ( ) ) ; list [ i ] . add ( temp ) ; list [ temp ] . add ( i ) ; } System . out . println ( dfs ( list , 1 , - 1 ) ) ; }
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