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README.md
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It's not certain how many lessons you'll learn by your thirties. Does the
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premise entail the hypothesis?
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example_title: Premise and hypothesis
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tags:
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- text2text-generation
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datasets:
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license: apache-2.0
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# TL;DR FLan-UL2
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The original UL2 model also had mode switch tokens that was rather mandatory to get good performance.
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However, they were a little cumbersome as this requires often some changes during inference or finetuning. In this update/change, we continue training UL2 20B for an additional 100k steps (with small batch) to forget “mode tokens” before applying Flan instruction tuning. This Flan-UL2 checkpoint does not require mode tokens anymore.
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The reported results are the following :
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| | MMLU | BBH | MMLU-CoT | BBH-CoT | Avg |
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| FLAN-T5-XXL 11B | 55.1 | 45.3 | 48.6 | 41.4 | 47.6 |
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| FLAN-UL2 20B | 55.7(+1.1%) | 45.9(+1.3%) | 52.2(+7.4%) | 42.7(+3.1%) | 49.1(+3.2%) |
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UL2 is a unified framework for pretraining models that are universally effective across datasets and setups. UL2 uses Mixture-of-Denoisers (MoD), apre-training objective that combines diverse pre-training paradigms together. UL2 introduces a notion of mode switching, wherein downstream fine-tuning is associated with specific pre-training schemes.
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# Training
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## Flan UL2
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The Flan-UL2 model was initialized using the `UL2` checkpoints, and was then trained additionally using Flan Prompting. This means that the original training corpus is `C4`,
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## UL2 PreTraining
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The training objective during pretraining is a mixture of different denoising strategies that are explained in the following:
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To quote the paper:
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> We conjecture that a strong universal model has to be exposed to solving diverse set of problems
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## Contribution
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This model was contributed by [Younes Belkada](https://huggingface.co/
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## Examples
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It's not certain how many lessons you'll learn by your thirties. Does the
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premise entail the hypothesis?
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example_title: Premise and hypothesis
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- text: >-
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Answer the following question by reasoning step by step.
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The cafeteria had 23 apples. If they used 20 for lunch, and bought 6 more, how many apple do they have?
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example_title: Chain of thought
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tags:
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- text2text-generation
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datasets:
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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# TL;DR FLan-UL2
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Flan-UL2 is an encoder decoder model based on the `T5` architecture. It uses the same configuration as the [`UL2 model`](https://huggingface.co/google/ul2) released earlier last year. It was fine tuned using the "Flan" prompt tuning
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and dataset collection.
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According ot the original [blog]() here are the notable improvements:
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- The original UL2 model was only trained with receptive field of 512, which made it non-ideal for N-shot prompting where N is large.
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- The Flan-UL2 checkpoint uses a receptive field of 2048 which makes it more usable for few-shot in-context learning.
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- The original UL2 model also had mode switch tokens that was rather mandatory to get good performance. However, they were a little cumbersome as this requires often some changes during inference or finetuning. In this update/change, we continue training UL2 20B for an additional 100k steps (with small batch) to forget “mode tokens” before applying Flan instruction tuning. This Flan-UL2 checkpoint does not require mode tokens anymore.
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## Converting from T5x to huggingface
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You can use the [`convert_t5x_checkpoint_to_pytorch.py`](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/t5/convert_t5x_checkpoint_to_pytorch.py) script and pass the argument `strict = False`. The final layer norm is missing from the original dictionnary, that is why we are passing the `stric=False` argument.
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```bash
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python convert_t5x_checkpoint_to_pytorch.py --t5x_checkpoint_path ~/code/ul2/flan-ul220b-v3/ --config_file config.json --pytorch_dump_path ~/code/ul2/flan-ul2
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```
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## Performance improvment
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The reported results are the following :
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| | MMLU | BBH | MMLU-CoT | BBH-CoT | Avg |
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| FLAN-T5-XXL 11B | 55.1 | 45.3 | 48.6 | 41.4 | 47.6 |
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| FLAN-UL2 20B | 55.7(+1.1%) | 45.9(+1.3%) | 52.2(+7.4%) | 42.7(+3.1%) | 49.1(+3.2%) |
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# Using the model
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModelForConditionalGeneration, AutoTokenizer
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import torch
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model = AutoModelForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained("google/flan-ul2", device_map="auto", load_in_8bits = True)
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("google/flan-ul2")
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input_string = "Answer the following question by reasoning step by step. The cafeteria had 23 apples. If they used 20 for lunch, and bought 6 more, how many apple do they have?"
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inputs = tokenizer(input_string, return_tensors="pt").input_ids.to("cuda")
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outputs = model.generate(inputs, max_length=200)
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print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0]))
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# <pad> They have 23 - 20 = 3 apples left. They have 3 + 6 = 9 apples. Therefore, the answer is 9.</s>
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```
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# Introduction to UL2
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UL2 is a unified framework for pretraining models that are universally effective across datasets and setups. UL2 uses Mixture-of-Denoisers (MoD), apre-training objective that combines diverse pre-training paradigms together. UL2 introduces a notion of mode switching, wherein downstream fine-tuning is associated with specific pre-training schemes.
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# Training
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## Flan UL2
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The Flan-UL2 model was initialized using the `UL2` checkpoints, and was then trained additionally using Flan Prompting. This means that the original training corpus is `C4`,
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In “Scaling Instruction-Finetuned language models (Chung et al.)�� (also referred to sometimes as the Flan2 paper), the key idea is to train a large language model on a collection of datasets. These datasets are phrased as instructions which enable generalization across diverse tasks. Flan has been primarily trained on academic tasks. In Flan2, we released a series of T5 models ranging from 200M to 11B parameters that have been instruction tuned with Flan.
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The Flan datasets have also been open sourced in “The Flan Collection: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning” (Longpre et al.). See Google AI Blogpost: “The Flan Collection: Advancing Open Source Methods for Instruction Tuning”.
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## UL2 PreTraining
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The training objective during pretraining is a mixture of different denoising strategies that are explained in the following:
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### Mixture of Denoisers
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To quote the paper:
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> We conjecture that a strong universal model has to be exposed to solving diverse set of problems
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## Contribution
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This model was contributed by [Younes Belkada](https://huggingface.co/ybelkada) & [Arthur Zucker](https://huggingface.co/ArthurZ).
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## Examples
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