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README.md
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---
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pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
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tags:
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- finetuner
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- mteb
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- sentence-transformers
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- feature-extraction
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- sentence-similarity
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- alibi
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datasets:
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- allenai/c4
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language: en
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license: apache-2.0
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model-index:
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- name: jina-embedding-b-en-v2
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results: []
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---
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<!-- TODO: add evaluation results here -->
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<br><br>
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<p align="center">
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<img src="https://github.com/jina-ai/finetuner/blob/main/docs/_static/finetuner-logo-ani.svg?raw=true" alt="Finetuner logo: Finetuner helps you to create experiments in order to improve embeddings on search tasks. It accompanies you to deliver the last mile of performance-tuning for neural search applications." width="150px">
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<b>The text embedding set trained by <a href="https://jina.ai/"><b>Jina AI</b></a>, <a href="https://github.com/jina-ai/finetuner"><b>Finetuner</b></a> team.</b>
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</p>
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## Intended Usage & Model Info
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`jina-embedding-b-en-v2` is an English, monolingual embedding model supporting 8k sequence length.
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It is based on a Bert architecture that supports the symmetric bidirectional variant of ALiBi to support longer sequence length.
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The backbone Jina Bert Small model is pretrained on the C4 dataset.
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The model is further trained on Jina AI's collection of more than 40 datasets of sentence pairs and hard negatives.
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These pairs were obtained from various domains and were carefully selected through a thorough cleaning process.
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The embedding model was trained using 512 sequence length, but extrapolates to 8k sequence length thanks to ALiBi.
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This makes our model useful for a range of use cases, especially when processing long documents is needed, including long document retrieval, semantic textual similarity, text reranking, recommendation, RAG and LLM-based generative search,...
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This model has 33 million parameters, which enables lightning-fast and memory efficient inference on long documents, while still delivering impressive performance.
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Additionally, we provide the following embedding models, supporting 8k sequence length as well:
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- [`jina-embedding-s-en-v2`](https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embedding-s-en-v2): 33 million parameters.
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- [`jina-embedding-b-en-v2`](https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embedding-b-en-v2): 137 million parameters **(you are here)**.
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- [`jina-embedding-l-en-v2`](https://huggingface.co/jinaai/jina-embedding-l-en-v2): 435 million parameters.
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## Data & Parameters
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<!-- TODO: update the paper ID once it is published on arxiv -->
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Please checkout our [technical blog](https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.11224).
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## Metrics
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We compared the model against `all-minilm-l6-v2`/`all-mpnet-base-v2` from sbert and `text-embeddings-ada-002` from OpenAI:
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<!-- TODO: add evaluation table here -->
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## Usage
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You can use Jina Embedding models directly from transformers package:
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```python
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!pip install transformers
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from transformers import AutoModel
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from numpy.linalg import norm
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cos_sim = lambda a,b: (a @ b.T) / (norm(a)*norm(b))
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model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('jinaai/jina-embedding-b-en-v2', trust_remote_code=True) # trust_remote_code is needed to use the encode method
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embeddings = model.encode(['How is the weather today?', 'What is the current weather like today?'])
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print(cos_sim(embeddings[0], embeddings[1]))
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```
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For long sequences, it's recommended to perform inference using Flash Attention. Using Flash Attention allows you to increase the batch size and throughput for long sequence length.
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We include an experimental implementation for Flash Attention, shipped with the model.
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Install the following triton version:
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`pip install triton==2.0.0.dev20221202`.
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Now run the same code above, but make sure to set the parameter `with_flash` to `True` when you load the model. You also have to use either `fp16` or `bf16`:
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```python
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from transformers import AutoModel
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from numpy.linalg import norm
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import torch
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cos_sim = lambda a,b: (a @ b.T) / (norm(a)*norm(b))
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model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('jinaai/jina-embedding-b-en-v2', trust_remote_code=True, with_flash=True, torch_dtype=torch.float16).cuda() # trust_remote_code is needed to use the encode method
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embeddings = model.encode(['How is the weather today?', 'What is the current weather like today?'])
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print(cos_sim(embeddings[0], embeddings[1]))
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```
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## Fine-tuning
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Please consider [Finetuner](https://github.com/jina-ai/finetuner).
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## Plans
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The development of new multilingual models is currently underway. We will be targeting mainly the German and Spanish languages. The upcoming models will be called `jina-embedding-s/b/l-de/es-v2`.
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## Contact
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Join our [Discord community](https://discord.jina.ai) and chat with other community members about ideas.
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## Citation
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If you find Jina Embeddings useful in your research, please cite the following paper:
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<!-- TODO: update the paper ID once it is published on arxiv -->
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``` latex
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@misc{günther2023jina,
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title={Beyond the 512-Token Barrier: Training General-Purpose Text
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Embeddings for Large Documents},
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author={Michael Günther and Jackmin Ong and Isabelle Mohr and Alaeddine Abdessalem and Tanguy Abel and Mohammad Kalim Akram and Susana Guzman and Georgios Mastrapas and Saba Sturua and Bo Wang},
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year={2023},
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eprint={2307.11224},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CL}
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}
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```
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