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 * Copyright (c) 2011-2018, NVIDIA CORPORATION.  All rights reserved.
 * 
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of the NVIDIA CORPORATION nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA CORPORATION BE LIABLE FOR ANY
 * DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 * (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
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 * ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
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/**
 * \file
 * cub::BlockRadixRank provides operations for ranking unsigned integer types within a CUDA thread block
 */

#pragma once

#include <stdint.h>

#include "../thread/thread_reduce.cuh"
#include "../thread/thread_scan.cuh"
#include "../block/block_scan.cuh"
#include "../config.cuh"
#include "../util_ptx.cuh"
#include "../util_type.cuh"


/// Optional outer namespace(s)
CUB_NS_PREFIX

/// CUB namespace
namespace cub {

/**
 * \brief BlockRadixRank provides operations for ranking unsigned integer types within a CUDA thread block.
 * \ingroup BlockModule
 *
 * \tparam BLOCK_DIM_X          The thread block length in threads along the X dimension
 * \tparam RADIX_BITS           The number of radix bits per digit place
 * \tparam IS_DESCENDING           Whether or not the sorted-order is high-to-low
 * \tparam MEMOIZE_OUTER_SCAN   <b>[optional]</b> Whether or not to buffer outer raking scan partials to incur fewer shared memory reads at the expense of higher register pressure (default: true for architectures SM35 and newer, false otherwise).  See BlockScanAlgorithm::BLOCK_SCAN_RAKING_MEMOIZE for more details.
 * \tparam INNER_SCAN_ALGORITHM <b>[optional]</b> The cub::BlockScanAlgorithm algorithm to use (default: cub::BLOCK_SCAN_WARP_SCANS)
 * \tparam SMEM_CONFIG          <b>[optional]</b> Shared memory bank mode (default: \p cudaSharedMemBankSizeFourByte)
 * \tparam BLOCK_DIM_Y          <b>[optional]</b> The thread block length in threads along the Y dimension (default: 1)
 * \tparam BLOCK_DIM_Z          <b>[optional]</b> The thread block length in threads along the Z dimension (default: 1)
 * \tparam PTX_ARCH             <b>[optional]</b> \ptxversion
 *
 * \par Overview
 * Blah...
 * - Keys must be in a form suitable for radix ranking (i.e., unsigned bits).
 * - \blocked
 *
 * \par Performance Considerations
 * - \granularity
 *
 * \par Examples
 * \par
 * - <b>Example 1:</b> Simple radix rank of 32-bit integer keys
 *      \code
 *      #include <cub/cub.cuh>
 *
 *      template <int BLOCK_THREADS>
 *      __global__ void ExampleKernel(...)
 *      {
 *
 *      \endcode
 */
template <
    int                     BLOCK_DIM_X,
    int                     RADIX_BITS,
    bool                    IS_DESCENDING,
    bool                    MEMOIZE_OUTER_SCAN      = (CUB_PTX_ARCH >= 350) ? true : false,
    BlockScanAlgorithm      INNER_SCAN_ALGORITHM    = BLOCK_SCAN_WARP_SCANS,
    cudaSharedMemConfig     SMEM_CONFIG             = cudaSharedMemBankSizeFourByte,
    int                     BLOCK_DIM_Y             = 1,
    int                     BLOCK_DIM_Z             = 1,
    int                     PTX_ARCH                = CUB_PTX_ARCH>
class BlockRadixRank
{
private:

    /******************************************************************************
     * Type definitions and constants
     ******************************************************************************/

    // Integer type for digit counters (to be packed into words of type PackedCounters)
    typedef unsigned short DigitCounter;

    // Integer type for packing DigitCounters into columns of shared memory banks
    typedef typename If<(SMEM_CONFIG == cudaSharedMemBankSizeEightByte),
        unsigned long long,
        unsigned int>::Type PackedCounter;

    enum
    {
        // The thread block size in threads
        BLOCK_THREADS               = BLOCK_DIM_X * BLOCK_DIM_Y * BLOCK_DIM_Z,

        RADIX_DIGITS                = 1 << RADIX_BITS,

        LOG_WARP_THREADS            = CUB_LOG_WARP_THREADS(PTX_ARCH),
        WARP_THREADS                = 1 << LOG_WARP_THREADS,
        WARPS                       = (BLOCK_THREADS + WARP_THREADS - 1) / WARP_THREADS,

        BYTES_PER_COUNTER           = sizeof(DigitCounter),
        LOG_BYTES_PER_COUNTER       = Log2<BYTES_PER_COUNTER>::VALUE,

        PACKING_RATIO               = sizeof(PackedCounter) / sizeof(DigitCounter),
        LOG_PACKING_RATIO           = Log2<PACKING_RATIO>::VALUE,

        LOG_COUNTER_LANES           = CUB_MAX((RADIX_BITS - LOG_PACKING_RATIO), 0),                // Always at least one lane
        COUNTER_LANES               = 1 << LOG_COUNTER_LANES,

        // The number of packed counters per thread (plus one for padding)
        PADDED_COUNTER_LANES        = COUNTER_LANES + 1,
        RAKING_SEGMENT              = PADDED_COUNTER_LANES,
    };

public:

    enum
    {
        /// Number of bin-starting offsets tracked per thread
        BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD = CUB_MAX(1, (RADIX_DIGITS + BLOCK_THREADS - 1) / BLOCK_THREADS),
    };

private:


    /// BlockScan type
    typedef BlockScan<
            PackedCounter,
            BLOCK_DIM_X,
            INNER_SCAN_ALGORITHM,
            BLOCK_DIM_Y,
            BLOCK_DIM_Z,
            PTX_ARCH>
        BlockScan;


    /// Shared memory storage layout type for BlockRadixRank
    struct __align__(16) _TempStorage
    {
        union Aliasable
        {
            DigitCounter            digit_counters[PADDED_COUNTER_LANES][BLOCK_THREADS][PACKING_RATIO];
            PackedCounter           raking_grid[BLOCK_THREADS][RAKING_SEGMENT];

        } aliasable;

        // Storage for scanning local ranks
        typename BlockScan::TempStorage block_scan;
    };


    /******************************************************************************
     * Thread fields
     ******************************************************************************/

    /// Shared storage reference
    _TempStorage &temp_storage;

    /// Linear thread-id
    unsigned int linear_tid;

    /// Copy of raking segment, promoted to registers
    PackedCounter cached_segment[RAKING_SEGMENT];


    /******************************************************************************
     * Utility methods
     ******************************************************************************/

    /**
     * Internal storage allocator
     */
    __device__ __forceinline__ _TempStorage& PrivateStorage()
    {
        __shared__ _TempStorage private_storage;
        return private_storage;
    }


    /**
     * Performs upsweep raking reduction, returning the aggregate
     */
    __device__ __forceinline__ PackedCounter Upsweep()
    {
        PackedCounter *smem_raking_ptr = temp_storage.aliasable.raking_grid[linear_tid];
        PackedCounter *raking_ptr;

        if (MEMOIZE_OUTER_SCAN)
        {
            // Copy data into registers
            #pragma unroll
            for (int i = 0; i < RAKING_SEGMENT; i++)
            {
                cached_segment[i] = smem_raking_ptr[i];
            }
            raking_ptr = cached_segment;
        }
        else
        {
            raking_ptr = smem_raking_ptr;
        }

        return internal::ThreadReduce<RAKING_SEGMENT>(raking_ptr, Sum());
    }


    /// Performs exclusive downsweep raking scan
    __device__ __forceinline__ void ExclusiveDownsweep(
        PackedCounter raking_partial)
    {
        PackedCounter *smem_raking_ptr = temp_storage.aliasable.raking_grid[linear_tid];

        PackedCounter *raking_ptr = (MEMOIZE_OUTER_SCAN) ?
            cached_segment :
            smem_raking_ptr;

        // Exclusive raking downsweep scan
        internal::ThreadScanExclusive<RAKING_SEGMENT>(raking_ptr, raking_ptr, Sum(), raking_partial);

        if (MEMOIZE_OUTER_SCAN)
        {
            // Copy data back to smem
            #pragma unroll
            for (int i = 0; i < RAKING_SEGMENT; i++)
            {
                smem_raking_ptr[i] = cached_segment[i];
            }
        }
    }


    /**
     * Reset shared memory digit counters
     */
    __device__ __forceinline__ void ResetCounters()
    {
        // Reset shared memory digit counters
        #pragma unroll
        for (int LANE = 0; LANE < PADDED_COUNTER_LANES; LANE++)
        {
            *((PackedCounter*) temp_storage.aliasable.digit_counters[LANE][linear_tid]) = 0;
        }
    }


    /**
     * Block-scan prefix callback
     */
    struct PrefixCallBack
    {
        __device__ __forceinline__ PackedCounter operator()(PackedCounter block_aggregate)
        {
            PackedCounter block_prefix = 0;

            // Propagate totals in packed fields
            #pragma unroll
            for (int PACKED = 1; PACKED < PACKING_RATIO; PACKED++)
            {
                block_prefix += block_aggregate << (sizeof(DigitCounter) * 8 * PACKED);
            }

            return block_prefix;
        }
    };


    /**
     * Scan shared memory digit counters.
     */
    __device__ __forceinline__ void ScanCounters()
    {
        // Upsweep scan
        PackedCounter raking_partial = Upsweep();

        // Compute exclusive sum
        PackedCounter exclusive_partial;
        PrefixCallBack prefix_call_back;
        BlockScan(temp_storage.block_scan).ExclusiveSum(raking_partial, exclusive_partial, prefix_call_back);

        // Downsweep scan with exclusive partial
        ExclusiveDownsweep(exclusive_partial);
    }

public:

    /// \smemstorage{BlockScan}
    struct TempStorage : Uninitialized<_TempStorage> {};


    /******************************************************************//**
     * \name Collective constructors
     *********************************************************************/
    //@{

    /**
     * \brief Collective constructor using a private static allocation of shared memory as temporary storage.
     */
    __device__ __forceinline__ BlockRadixRank()
    :
        temp_storage(PrivateStorage()),
        linear_tid(RowMajorTid(BLOCK_DIM_X, BLOCK_DIM_Y, BLOCK_DIM_Z))
    {}


    /**
     * \brief Collective constructor using the specified memory allocation as temporary storage.
     */
    __device__ __forceinline__ BlockRadixRank(
        TempStorage &temp_storage)             ///< [in] Reference to memory allocation having layout type TempStorage
    :
        temp_storage(temp_storage.Alias()),
        linear_tid(RowMajorTid(BLOCK_DIM_X, BLOCK_DIM_Y, BLOCK_DIM_Z))
    {}


    //@}  end member group
    /******************************************************************//**
     * \name Raking
     *********************************************************************/
    //@{

    /**
     * \brief Rank keys.
     */
    template <
        typename        UnsignedBits,
        int             KEYS_PER_THREAD>
    __device__ __forceinline__ void RankKeys(
        UnsignedBits    (&keys)[KEYS_PER_THREAD],           ///< [in] Keys for this tile
        int             (&ranks)[KEYS_PER_THREAD],          ///< [out] For each key, the local rank within the tile
        int             current_bit,                        ///< [in] The least-significant bit position of the current digit to extract
        int             num_bits)                           ///< [in] The number of bits in the current digit
    {
        DigitCounter    thread_prefixes[KEYS_PER_THREAD];   // For each key, the count of previous keys in this tile having the same digit
        DigitCounter*   digit_counters[KEYS_PER_THREAD];    // For each key, the byte-offset of its corresponding digit counter in smem

        // Reset shared memory digit counters
        ResetCounters();

        #pragma unroll
        for (int ITEM = 0; ITEM < KEYS_PER_THREAD; ++ITEM)
        {
            // Get digit
            unsigned int digit = BFE(keys[ITEM], current_bit, num_bits);

            // Get sub-counter
            unsigned int sub_counter = digit >> LOG_COUNTER_LANES;

            // Get counter lane
            unsigned int counter_lane = digit & (COUNTER_LANES - 1);

            if (IS_DESCENDING)
            {
                sub_counter = PACKING_RATIO - 1 - sub_counter;
                counter_lane = COUNTER_LANES - 1 - counter_lane;
            }

            // Pointer to smem digit counter
            digit_counters[ITEM] = &temp_storage.aliasable.digit_counters[counter_lane][linear_tid][sub_counter];

            // Load thread-exclusive prefix
            thread_prefixes[ITEM] = *digit_counters[ITEM];

            // Store inclusive prefix
            *digit_counters[ITEM] = thread_prefixes[ITEM] + 1;
        }

        CTA_SYNC();

        // Scan shared memory counters
        ScanCounters();

        CTA_SYNC();

        // Extract the local ranks of each key
        for (int ITEM = 0; ITEM < KEYS_PER_THREAD; ++ITEM)
        {
            // Add in thread block exclusive prefix
            ranks[ITEM] = thread_prefixes[ITEM] + *digit_counters[ITEM];
        }
    }


    /**
     * \brief Rank keys.  For the lower \p RADIX_DIGITS threads, digit counts for each digit are provided for the corresponding thread.
     */
    template <
        typename        UnsignedBits,
        int             KEYS_PER_THREAD>
    __device__ __forceinline__ void RankKeys(
        UnsignedBits    (&keys)[KEYS_PER_THREAD],           ///< [in] Keys for this tile
        int             (&ranks)[KEYS_PER_THREAD],          ///< [out] For each key, the local rank within the tile (out parameter)
        int             current_bit,                        ///< [in] The least-significant bit position of the current digit to extract
        int             num_bits,                           ///< [in] The number of bits in the current digit
        int             (&exclusive_digit_prefix)[BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD])            ///< [out] The exclusive prefix sum for the digits [(threadIdx.x * BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD) ... (threadIdx.x * BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD) + BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD - 1]
    {
        // Rank keys
        RankKeys(keys, ranks, current_bit, num_bits);

        // Get the inclusive and exclusive digit totals corresponding to the calling thread.
        #pragma unroll
        for (int track = 0; track < BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD; ++track)
        {
            int bin_idx = (linear_tid * BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD) + track;

            if ((BLOCK_THREADS == RADIX_DIGITS) || (bin_idx < RADIX_DIGITS))
            {
                if (IS_DESCENDING)
                    bin_idx = RADIX_DIGITS - bin_idx - 1;

                // Obtain ex/inclusive digit counts.  (Unfortunately these all reside in the
                // first counter column, resulting in unavoidable bank conflicts.)
                unsigned int counter_lane   = (bin_idx & (COUNTER_LANES - 1));
                unsigned int sub_counter    = bin_idx >> (LOG_COUNTER_LANES);

                exclusive_digit_prefix[track] = temp_storage.aliasable.digit_counters[counter_lane][0][sub_counter];
            }
        }
    }
};





/**
 * Radix-rank using match.any
 */
template <
    int                     BLOCK_DIM_X,
    int                     RADIX_BITS,
    bool                    IS_DESCENDING,
    BlockScanAlgorithm      INNER_SCAN_ALGORITHM    = BLOCK_SCAN_WARP_SCANS,
    int                     BLOCK_DIM_Y             = 1,
    int                     BLOCK_DIM_Z             = 1,
    int                     PTX_ARCH                = CUB_PTX_ARCH>
class BlockRadixRankMatch
{
private:

    /******************************************************************************
     * Type definitions and constants
     ******************************************************************************/

    typedef int32_t    RankT;
    typedef int32_t    DigitCounterT;

    enum
    {
        // The thread block size in threads
        BLOCK_THREADS               = BLOCK_DIM_X * BLOCK_DIM_Y * BLOCK_DIM_Z,

        RADIX_DIGITS                = 1 << RADIX_BITS,

        LOG_WARP_THREADS            = CUB_LOG_WARP_THREADS(PTX_ARCH),
        WARP_THREADS                = 1 << LOG_WARP_THREADS,
        WARPS                       = (BLOCK_THREADS + WARP_THREADS - 1) / WARP_THREADS,

        PADDED_WARPS            = ((WARPS & 0x1) == 0) ?
                                    WARPS + 1 :
                                    WARPS,

        COUNTERS                = PADDED_WARPS * RADIX_DIGITS,
        RAKING_SEGMENT          = (COUNTERS + BLOCK_THREADS - 1) / BLOCK_THREADS,
        PADDED_RAKING_SEGMENT   = ((RAKING_SEGMENT & 0x1) == 0) ?
                                    RAKING_SEGMENT + 1 :
                                    RAKING_SEGMENT,
    };

public:

    enum
    {
        /// Number of bin-starting offsets tracked per thread
        BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD = CUB_MAX(1, (RADIX_DIGITS + BLOCK_THREADS - 1) / BLOCK_THREADS),
    };

private:

    /// BlockScan type
    typedef BlockScan<
            DigitCounterT,
            BLOCK_THREADS,
            INNER_SCAN_ALGORITHM,
            BLOCK_DIM_Y,
            BLOCK_DIM_Z,
            PTX_ARCH>
        BlockScanT;


    /// Shared memory storage layout type for BlockRadixRank
    struct __align__(16) _TempStorage
    {
        typename BlockScanT::TempStorage            block_scan;

        union __align__(16) Aliasable
        {
            volatile DigitCounterT                  warp_digit_counters[RADIX_DIGITS][PADDED_WARPS];
            DigitCounterT                           raking_grid[BLOCK_THREADS][PADDED_RAKING_SEGMENT];

        } aliasable;
    };


    /******************************************************************************
     * Thread fields
     ******************************************************************************/

    /// Shared storage reference
    _TempStorage &temp_storage;

    /// Linear thread-id
    unsigned int linear_tid;



public:

    /// \smemstorage{BlockScan}
    struct TempStorage : Uninitialized<_TempStorage> {};


    /******************************************************************//**
     * \name Collective constructors
     *********************************************************************/
    //@{


    /**
     * \brief Collective constructor using the specified memory allocation as temporary storage.
     */
    __device__ __forceinline__ BlockRadixRankMatch(
        TempStorage &temp_storage)             ///< [in] Reference to memory allocation having layout type TempStorage
    :
        temp_storage(temp_storage.Alias()),
        linear_tid(RowMajorTid(BLOCK_DIM_X, BLOCK_DIM_Y, BLOCK_DIM_Z))
    {}


    //@}  end member group
    /******************************************************************//**
     * \name Raking
     *********************************************************************/
    //@{

    /**
     * \brief Rank keys.
     */
    template <
        typename        UnsignedBits,
        int             KEYS_PER_THREAD>
    __device__ __forceinline__ void RankKeys(
        UnsignedBits    (&keys)[KEYS_PER_THREAD],           ///< [in] Keys for this tile
        int             (&ranks)[KEYS_PER_THREAD],          ///< [out] For each key, the local rank within the tile
        int             current_bit,                        ///< [in] The least-significant bit position of the current digit to extract
        int             num_bits)                           ///< [in] The number of bits in the current digit
    {
        // Initialize shared digit counters

        #pragma unroll
        for (int ITEM = 0; ITEM < PADDED_RAKING_SEGMENT; ++ITEM)
            temp_storage.aliasable.raking_grid[linear_tid][ITEM] = 0;

        CTA_SYNC();

        // Each warp will strip-mine its section of input, one strip at a time

        volatile DigitCounterT  *digit_counters[KEYS_PER_THREAD];
        uint32_t                warp_id         = linear_tid >> LOG_WARP_THREADS;
        uint32_t                lane_mask_lt    = LaneMaskLt();

        #pragma unroll
        for (int ITEM = 0; ITEM < KEYS_PER_THREAD; ++ITEM)
        {
            // My digit
            uint32_t digit = BFE(keys[ITEM], current_bit, num_bits);

            if (IS_DESCENDING)
                digit = RADIX_DIGITS - digit - 1;

            // Mask of peers who have same digit as me
            uint32_t peer_mask = MatchAny<RADIX_BITS>(digit);

            // Pointer to smem digit counter for this key
            digit_counters[ITEM] = &temp_storage.aliasable.warp_digit_counters[digit][warp_id];

            // Number of occurrences in previous strips
            DigitCounterT warp_digit_prefix = *digit_counters[ITEM];

            // Warp-sync
            WARP_SYNC(0xFFFFFFFF);

            // Number of peers having same digit as me
            int32_t digit_count = __popc(peer_mask);

            // Number of lower-ranked peers having same digit seen so far
            int32_t peer_digit_prefix = __popc(peer_mask & lane_mask_lt);

            if (peer_digit_prefix == 0)
            {
                // First thread for each digit updates the shared warp counter
                *digit_counters[ITEM] = DigitCounterT(warp_digit_prefix + digit_count);
            }

            // Warp-sync
            WARP_SYNC(0xFFFFFFFF);

            // Number of prior keys having same digit
            ranks[ITEM] = warp_digit_prefix + DigitCounterT(peer_digit_prefix);
        }

        CTA_SYNC();

        // Scan warp counters

        DigitCounterT scan_counters[PADDED_RAKING_SEGMENT];

        #pragma unroll
        for (int ITEM = 0; ITEM < PADDED_RAKING_SEGMENT; ++ITEM)
            scan_counters[ITEM] = temp_storage.aliasable.raking_grid[linear_tid][ITEM];

        BlockScanT(temp_storage.block_scan).ExclusiveSum(scan_counters, scan_counters);

        #pragma unroll
        for (int ITEM = 0; ITEM < PADDED_RAKING_SEGMENT; ++ITEM)
            temp_storage.aliasable.raking_grid[linear_tid][ITEM] = scan_counters[ITEM];

        CTA_SYNC();

        // Seed ranks with counter values from previous warps
        #pragma unroll
        for (int ITEM = 0; ITEM < KEYS_PER_THREAD; ++ITEM)
            ranks[ITEM] += *digit_counters[ITEM];
    }


    /**
     * \brief Rank keys.  For the lower \p RADIX_DIGITS threads, digit counts for each digit are provided for the corresponding thread.
     */
    template <
        typename        UnsignedBits,
        int             KEYS_PER_THREAD>
    __device__ __forceinline__ void RankKeys(
        UnsignedBits    (&keys)[KEYS_PER_THREAD],           ///< [in] Keys for this tile
        int             (&ranks)[KEYS_PER_THREAD],          ///< [out] For each key, the local rank within the tile (out parameter)
        int             current_bit,                        ///< [in] The least-significant bit position of the current digit to extract
        int             num_bits,                           ///< [in] The number of bits in the current digit
        int             (&exclusive_digit_prefix)[BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD])            ///< [out] The exclusive prefix sum for the digits [(threadIdx.x * BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD) ... (threadIdx.x * BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD) + BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD - 1]
    {
        RankKeys(keys, ranks, current_bit, num_bits);

        // Get exclusive count for each digit
        #pragma unroll
        for (int track = 0; track < BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD; ++track)
        {
            int bin_idx = (linear_tid * BINS_TRACKED_PER_THREAD) + track;

            if ((BLOCK_THREADS == RADIX_DIGITS) || (bin_idx < RADIX_DIGITS))
            {
                if (IS_DESCENDING)
                    bin_idx = RADIX_DIGITS - bin_idx - 1;

                exclusive_digit_prefix[track] = temp_storage.aliasable.warp_digit_counters[bin_idx][0];
            }
        }
    }
};


}               // CUB namespace
CUB_NS_POSTFIX  // Optional outer namespace(s)