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| STANFORD DEPENDENCIES. Stanford Parser v3.3.1 | |
| ----------------------------------------------------------- | |
| The manual for the English version of the Stanford Dependencies | |
| representation: | |
| StanfordDependenciesManual.pdf | |
| should be consulted for the current set of dependency representations | |
| and the correct commands for generating Stanford Dependencies together | |
| with any of the Stanford Parser, another parser, or a treebank. | |
| A typed dependencies representation is also available for Chinese. For | |
| the moment the documentation consists of the code, and a brief | |
| presentation in this paper: | |
| Pi-Chuan Chang, Huihsin Tseng, Dan Jurafsky, and Christopher | |
| D. Manning. 2009. Discriminative Reordering with Chinese Grammatical | |
| Relations Features. Third Workshop on Syntax and Structure in Statistical | |
| Translation. | |
| -------------------------------------- | |
| ORIGINAL DEPENDENCIES SCHEME | |
| For an overview of the original typed dependencies scheme, please look | |
| at: | |
| Marie-Catherine de Marneffe, Bill MacCartney, and Christopher D. | |
| Manning. 2006. Generating Typed Dependency Parses from Phrase | |
| Structure Parses. 5th International Conference on Language Resources | |
| and Evaluation (LREC 2006). | |
| http://nlp.stanford.edu/~manning/papers/LREC_2.pdf | |
| For more discussion of the design principles, please see: | |
| Marie-Catherine de Marneffe and Christopher D. Manning. 2008. The | |
| Stanford typed dependencies representation. In Proceedings of the | |
| workshop on Cross-Framework and Cross-Domain Parser Evaluation, pp. 1-8. | |
| http://nlp.stanford.edu/~manning/papers/dependencies-coling08.pdf | |
| These papers can be cited as references for the English Stanford | |
| Dependencies. | |
| -------------------------------------- | |
| CHANGES IN ENGLISH TYPED DEPENDENCIES CODE -- v3.3.1 | |
| A couple of fixes/improvements were made in the dependency conversion, | |
| and one change was made to the taxonomy of relations. | |
| - The partmod and infmod relations were deleted, and replaced with | |
| vmod for reduced, non-finite verbal modifiers. The distinction between | |
| these two relations can be recovered from the POS tag of the dependent. | |
| - A couple of improvements were made to the conversion, the largest | |
| one being recognizing pobj inside a PP not headed by something tagged | |
| as IN or TO. | |
| -------------------------------------- | |
| CHANGES IN ENGLISH TYPED DEPENDENCIES CODE -- v3.3 | |
| Some fixes/improvements were made in the dependency conversion, and one | |
| change was made to the taxonomy of relations. | |
| - For currency amount expressions with a currency symbol like "$", it | |
| had previously been the case that "$" was the head, and then each | |
| number word modified it as a number. We realized that this was | |
| unnecessarily inconsistent. For the expression "two thousand dollars", | |
| "dollars" is the head, but "thousand" is a num modifier of it, and | |
| number is used for the parts of a number multi-word expression only. | |
| This analysis is now also used for cases with a currency symbol. E.g., | |
| "for $ 52.7 million": prep(for, $) num($, million) number(million, 52.7). | |
| Similarly, for "the $ 2.29 billion value", we changed the analysis from | |
| num(value, $) number($, billion) to amod(value, $) num($, billion). | |
| This corresponds to hwat you got for "a two dollar value". | |
| This is actually the most common change (at least on WSJ newswire!). | |
| - Remove the attr relation. Some cases disappear by making the question | |
| phrase of WHNP be NP questions the root. Others (predicative NP | |
| complements) become xcomp. | |
| - Less aggressive labeling of participial form VPs as xcomp. More of them | |
| are correctly labeled partmod (but occasionally a true xcomp is also | |
| mislabeled as partmod). | |
| - Small rule changes to recognize a few more ccomp and parataxis. | |
| -------------------------------------- | |
| CHANGES IN ENGLISH TYPED DEPENDENCIES CODE -- v3.2, JUNE 2013 | |
| Various small fixes were made to the dependencies conversion, | |
| and one change to the taxonomy of relations: | |
| - rel was removed. rel was originally used as the relation for an | |
| overt relativizer in a relative clause. But it was never a real | |
| grammatical relation, and we gradually started labeling easy cases | |
| as nsubj or dobj. In this release, rel is removed, pobj cases are | |
| also labeled, and the remaining hard cases are labeled as dep. | |
| -------------------------------------- | |
| CHANGES IN ENGLISH TYPED DEPENDENCIES CODE -- v2.0.5, MARCH 2013 | |
| We have begun a more major effort to improve the suitability and coverage of | |
| Stanford Dependencies on less formal text types, and to clean up a couple of | |
| the more quirky dependencies in the original set. These changes are still | |
| ongoing, but in this first installment, we have removed 3 dependencies and | |
| added 2: | |
| - abbrev was removed, and is now viewed as just a case of appos. | |
| - complm was removed, and is now viewed as just a case of mark. | |
| (This is consistent with an HPSG-like usage of mark.) | |
| - purpcl was removed, and is now viewed as just a case of advcl. | |
| - discourse was added. The lack of a dependency type for | |
| interjections was an omission even in the early versions, but it | |
| became essential as we expanded our consideration of informal | |
| text types. It is used for interjections, fillers, discourse markers | |
| and emoticons. | |
| - goeswith was added. In badly edited text, it is used to join the | |
| two parts of a word. | |
| A few other changes and improvements were also made, including improvements | |
| in the recognition of advcl. There has been a reduction of "dep" dependencies | |
| of about 14% on newswire (and higher on more informal text genres). | |
| -------------------------------------- | |
| CHANGES IN ENGLISH TYPED DEPENDENCIES CODE -- v2.0.4, NOVEMBER 2012 | |
| A few minor changes and fixes were made: HYPH is now recognized, and treated | |
| as punctuation and clausal complements of adjectives (including comparatives) | |
| are recognized as ccomp. | |
| -------------------------------------- | |
| CHANGES IN ENGLISH TYPED DEPENDENCIES CODE -- v1.6.9 | |
| This version adds an explicit root dependency in the set of dependencies | |
| returned. In the past, there had been no explicit representation of the | |
| root of the sentence in the set of dependencies returned, except in the | |
| CoNLL format output, which always showed the root. Now, there is always | |
| an explicit extra dependency that marks the sentence root, using a fake | |
| ROOT pseudoword with index 0. That is, the root is marked in this way: | |
| root(ROOT-0, depends-3) | |
| Otherwise there were only a couple of minute changes in the dependencies | |
| produced (appositions are now recognized in WHNPs!). | |
| -------------------------------------- | |
| CHANGES IN ENGLISH TYPED DEPENDENCIES CODE -- v1.6.8 | |
| This version includes only small fixes, principally addressing some gaps | |
| in the correct treatment of dependencies in inverted sentence (SQ and SINV) | |
| constructions, and some errors in the treatment of copulas in the presence of | |
| temporal NPs. | |
| -------------------------------------- | |
| CHANGES IN ENGLISH TYPED DEPENDENCIES CODE -- NOVEMBER 2010 - JANUARY 2011 | |
| Two changes were made to the taxonomy of dependencies. | |
| - measure (phrase modifier) was generalized and replaced by | |
| npadvmod (noun phrase adverbial modifier) which includes measure | |
| phrases and other adverbial uses of noun phrases. Temporal NPs | |
| (tmod) are now a subtype of npadvmod in the dependency hierarchy. | |
| - mwe (multi-word expression) is introduced for certain common | |
| function word dependencies for which another good analysis isn't | |
| easy to come by (and which were frequently dep before) such as | |
| "instead of" or "rather than". | |
| A new option has ben added to allow the copula to be treated as | |
| the head when it has an adjective or noun complement. | |
| The conversion software will now work fairly well with the | |
| David Vadas version of the treebank with extra noun phrase | |
| structure. (A few rare cases that are handled with the standard | |
| treebank aren't yet handled, but you will get better dependencies | |
| for compound nouns and multiword adjectival modifiers, etc.) | |
| Considerable improvements were made in the coverage of named | |
| dependencies. You should expect to see only about half as many generic | |
| "dep" dependencies as in version 1.6.4. | |
| -------------------------------------- | |
| CHANGES IN ENGLISH TYPED DEPENDENCIES CODE -- JUNE-AUGUST 2010 | |
| No new dependency relations have been introduced. | |
| There have been some significant improvements in the generated | |
| dependencies, principally covering: | |
| - Better resolution of nsubj and dobj long distance dependencies | |
| (but v1.6.4 fixes the overpercolation of dobj in v1.6.3) | |
| - Better handling of conjunction distribution in CCprocessed option | |
| - Correction of bug in v1.6.2 that made certain verb dependents noun | |
| dependents. | |
| - Better dependencies are generated for question structures (v1.6.4) | |
| - Other minor improvements in recognizing passives, adverbial | |
| modifiers, etc. | |