How does Article 301 guarantee freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse throughout India?
Article 301 guarantees freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse throughout India by stating that "trade, commerce and intercourse throughout the territory of India shall be free." This means that people are generally allowed to freely engage in trade and commerce activities without any unreasonable restrictions imposed by the government. However, this is subject to other provisions of Part XIII of the Constitution, which allows Parliament to impose certain restrictions if they are required in the public interest (Article 302). Additionally, there are limitations on the legislative powers of both the Union and State governments regarding trade and commerce preferences or discriminations (Article 303), except in situations arising from scarcity of goods.