In what scenarios can a question be referred to the Supreme Court by the President?
A question can be referred to the Supreme Court by the President in two scenarios: 

1. When a question of law or fact has arisen, or is likely to arise, which is of such a nature and of such public importance that it is expedient to obtain the opinion of the Supreme Court upon it. In this case, the President can refer the question to the Supreme Court for consideration, and the Court may report its opinion to the President after hearing as it deems fit.

2. When there is a dispute of the kind mentioned in the proviso to Article 131 (concerning disputes between states or between the Centre and a state), the President can refer the dispute to the Supreme Court for an opinion. The Supreme Court shall then report its opinion to the President after hearing as it deems fit.