What does the phrase "Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 13" mean?
The phrase "Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 13" means that the provisions of Article 13 should not be taken into consideration when determining the validity or applicability of a law giving effect to certain directive principles, as specified in Article 31C. In other words, the rules and restrictions outlined in Article 13 will not apply to laws made to implement policies related to the directive principles mentioned in Part IV of the Indian Constitution.