How is the independence and impartiality of the judiciary ensured under this constitution?
The independence and impartiality of the judiciary is ensured under this constitution through the following provisions:

1. The judges of the Federal Court are appointed to become judges of the Supreme Court upon the commencement of the Constitution, entitling them to salaries, allowances, leave of absence, and pensions as provided for in Article 125 for the Judges of the Supreme Court.

2. All pending suits, appeals, and proceedings are transferred from the Federal Court to the Supreme Court, ensuring a smooth transition and continuity in the administration of justice.

3. The Supreme Court is granted jurisdiction to hear and determine these transferred cases, maintaining consistency and fairness in legal decisions.

4. The judgments and orders delivered or made by the Federal Court prior to the commencement of the Constitution are given the same force and effect as if they had been delivered or made by the Supreme Court, ensuring that existing legal decisions remain valid and effective.

5. His Majesty in Council is authorized by law to exercise jurisdiction over appeals and petitions from courts within India, with any order made on such cases having effect as if it were an order or decree made by the Supreme Court, further reinforcing the authority of the judiciary under this constitution.