What is the significance of the word 'w.e.f' in the context?
The word "w.e.f" stands for "with effect from". In the provided context, it signifies that certain changes were made to the existing law at the specific date mentioned next to it. For instance, "Ins. by the Constitution (One Hundred and Third Amendment) Act, 2019, s. 3 (w.e.f. 14-1-2019)" means that this change was introduced in the law with effect from January 14, 2019. Similarly, "Ins. by the Constitution (Ninety-seventh Amendment) Act, 2011, s. 2 (w.e.f. 8-2-2012)" means that this change was introduced in the law with effect from February 8, 2012. The phrase is commonly used to indicate a specific date from which certain legal provisions or rules came into force.