How do the Eleventh and Twelfth Schedules of the Indian Constitution promote decentralization?
The Eleventh and Twelfth Schedules of the Indian Constitution promote decentralization by empowering local self-government institutions, Panchayats in rural areas, and Municipalities in urban areas. By listing the subjects related to various aspects of rural and urban life, these schedules enable these institutions to exercise powers, responsibilities, and functions in their respective regions. This enhances grassroots democracy, fosters development, and ensures that decision-making is more attuned to the needs and aspirations of local communities.