What is the basis for recovery of penalties under Article 193?
The basis for recovery of penalties under Article 193 is the violation of the requirement to make an oath or affirmation under Article 188, or when not qualified or disqualified. If a person sits or votes as a member of the Legislative Assembly or the Legislative Council of a State in such circumstances, they are liable to a penalty of five hundred rupees per day, recoverable as a debt due to the State.