How does the federal system function under the Indian Constitution's List I?
The federal system under the Indian Constitution's List I functions through a clear division of powers and responsibilities between the central government and the state governments. In this system, certain subjects are placed in List I (Union List), which are within the exclusive jurisdiction of the central government. These subjects include defense, foreign affairs, currency, income tax, customs and excise duties, and other major areas that require a coordinated approach by all states. The central government has the authority to legislate and administer these subjects, ensuring a standardized and uniform policy across the country for matters in List I.