What is the significance of the phrase "without prejudice to the powers conferred on the Supreme Court by clauses (1) and (2)" in Article 32?
The phrase "without prejudice to the powers conferred on the Supreme Court by clauses (1) and (2)" in Article 32 signifies that the power granted to Parliament by clause (3) of this article to empower any other court to exercise the powers of the Supreme Court for enforcing the rights mentioned in Part III, does not affect or reduce the inherent and exclusive power of the Supreme Court to issue directions or orders or writs as provided under clauses (1) and (2). In other words, the power of Parliament under clause (3) is supplementary to, and does not diminish, the powers of the Supreme Court as outlined in clauses (1) and (2).