What are the penalties for sitting and voting before taking the oath or affirmation, or when not qualified or disqualified?
Article 104 of the Indian Constitution outlines the penalties for sitting and voting as a member of either House of Parliament before complying with the requirements of Article 99 (taking the oath or affirmation), or when knowing that they are not qualified or disqualified for membership, or when prohibited from doing so by any law made by Parliament. In such cases, the person is liable to a penalty of five hundred rupees for each day they sit or vote, to be recovered as a debt due to the Union.