What is the condition for dismissal or removal of a person employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State?
The condition for dismissal or removal of a person employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State is that they cannot be dismissed or removed by an authority subordinate to that which appointed them. They must also be informed of the charges against them and given a reasonable opportunity of being heard in respect of those charges, except where certain exceptions apply (e.g., conviction on a criminal charge). The decision on whether it is reasonably practicable to hold such an inquiry lies with the authority empowered to dismiss or remove the person or reduce them in rank, and their decision is final.