How has the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court evolved over time, as indicated by the various constitutional amendments mentioned?
The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court has evolved over time as indicated by the various constitutional amendments mentioned. Some key changes are:

1. Introduction of Article 134A: The Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972, introduced Article 134A, which allows the High Court to certify certain cases as fit for appeal to the Supreme Court, expanding its appellate jurisdiction in civil matters.

2. Expansion of grounds for appeal: The Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, allowed parties appealing to the Supreme Court under Article 133(1) to argue that a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution has been wrongly decided.

3. Certification by High Courts: The same amendment also made changes to the language in Article 134A, specifying that it is the High Court which can certify cases for appeal to the Supreme Court.

These constitutional amendments reflect the evolving role of the Supreme Court and its expanding appellate jurisdiction over time.