Can the President impose powers and duties on the Union or its officers and authorities directly without involving Parliament?
No, the President cannot impose powers and duties on the Union or its officers and authorities directly without involving Parliament. According to clause (1) of Article 357, it is stated that where a Proclamation has been issued under Article 356 declaring that the powers of the State Legislature shall be exercisable by or under the authority of Parliament, it would then be competent for Parliament to confer upon the President the power of the Legislature of the State to make laws. Further, Parliament or the President can make laws conferring powers and imposing duties, or authorising the conferring of powers and the imposition of duties, upon the Union or officers and authorities thereof under clause (a). This shows that the President does not have the power to impose powers and duties on the Union or its officers and authorities directly without involving Parliament.