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| # 2139 Rejections Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 [R-10.2019] | |
| Any application filed before March 16, 2013, is governed by | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** and **[103](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302450)** (i.e., the application is a pre-AIA | |
| first to invent application). Note that neither the filing of a request for continued | |
| examination, nor entry into the national stage under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**, constitutes the filing | |
| of a new application. Accordingly, such an application remains subject to **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** | |
| and **[103](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302450)** even if a request for continued examination under | |
| **[37 CFR | |
| 1.114](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e322625)** is filed on or after March 16, 2013, in an application that was | |
| filed before March 16, 2013. Similarly, a PCT application filed under **[35 U.S.C. 363](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e306994313)** | |
| before March 16, 2013, is subject to **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** and | |
| **[103](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302450)**, regardless of whether the application enters the national stage | |
| under **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)** before or after March 16, 2013. | |
| Certain applications filed on or after March 16, 2013 that | |
| claim the benefit of a filing date earlier than March 16, 2013 under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313)**, | |
| **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040912)**, or **[365](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307034)** are also governed by | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)**; see **[MPEP § 2159](s2159.html#ch2100_d20034_1dc34_1dd)***et seq.* for guidance in determining whether such an application is | |
| subject to examination under the first to invent prior art regime. | |
| # 2139.01 Effective Filing Date of a Claimed Invention | |
| Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 [R-10.2019] | |
| In examining applications subject to **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)**, the effective filing date of the claimed invention is the | |
| actual filing date of the U.S. application, unless situation (A), (B), or (C) as set | |
| forth below applies. Note that the actual U.S. filing date of an application that | |
| entered the national stage under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)** is the international | |
| filing date. See **[35 | |
| U.S.C. 363](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e306994313)** and **[MPEP § 1893.03(b)](s1893.html#d0e191308)**. | |
| * (A) If the application is a continuation or divisional of one or | |
| more earlier U.S. applications or international applications and if the | |
| requirements of **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313)** or | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)** have been satisfied, the effective filing date of | |
| the claimed invention is the same as the earliest filing date in the line of | |
| continuation or divisional applications. | |
| * (B) If the application is a continuation-in-part of an earlier | |
| U.S. application or international application, any claims in the new application | |
| not supported by the specification and claims of the parent application have an | |
| effective filing date equal to the actual filing date of the new application. Any | |
| claims which are fully supported under **[35 U.S.C. 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824)** by the earlier | |
| parent application have the effective filing date of that earlier parent | |
| application. | |
| * (C) If the application properly claims benefit under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)** to a provisional application, the effective filing | |
| date of the claimed invention is the filing date of the provisional application | |
| for any claims which are fully supported under the first paragraph of | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824912)** by the provisional application. | |
| The effective filing date for claims subject to | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** is not the filing date of the foreign priority document, | |
| although the filing date of the foreign priority document may be used to overcome | |
| certain references. See **[MPEP § 2136.05](s2136.html#d0e206333)***et seq.* | |
| See **[MPEP | |
| § 1893.03(c)](s1893.html#d0e191506)**, subsection III for benefit claims under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)**, **[120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313)**, or **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)** in an | |
| application that entered the national stage under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**. See | |
| **[MPEP §§ | |
| 211.01(c)](s211.html#ch200_d1ff71_22ea8_22b)** and **[1895](s1895.html#d0e192715)** for additional information on | |
| determining the effective filing dates of claimed inventions in a continuation, | |
| divisional, or continuation-in-part of a PCT application designating the U.S. See also | |
| **[MPEP §§ | |
| 1895.01](s1895.html#d0e192774)** and **[1896](s1896.html#d0e193032)** which discuss differences between | |
| applications filed under **[35 U.S.C. 111(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302673)** and international | |
| applications that enter national stage under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**. | |
| # 2139.02 Determining Whether To Apply Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a), (b), or (e) [R-10.2019] | |
| *[Editor Note: This MPEP section is **not applicable** to applications | |
| subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as | |
| explained in **[35 U.S.C. 100 (note)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d917_1bef1_2b)** and | |
| **[MPEP | |
| § 2159](s2159.html#ch2100_d20034_1dc34_1dd)**. See **[MPEP § | |
| 2152.05](s2152.html#ch2100_d2c184_13c9f_236)** for the examination of applications subject to the | |
| first inventor to file provisions of the AIA.]* | |
| **I.** **PRE-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)**First, the examiner should consider whether the | |
| reference qualifies as prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** because | |
| this section results in a statutory bar to obtaining a patent. If the publication or | |
| issue date of the reference is more than 1 year prior to the effective filing date of | |
| the claimed invention (**[MPEP § 2139.01](s2139.html#ch2100_d2c184_12530_2b6)**), the reference | |
| qualifies as prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)**. | |
| Where the last day of the year dated from the date of | |
| publication falls on a Saturday, Sunday or federal holiday, the publication is not a | |
| statutory bar under **[pre-AIA 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** if the application was filed on the next | |
| succeeding business day. *Ex parte Olah,* 131 USPQ 41 (Bd. App. | |
| 1960) (The Board in *Olah* held that **[35 U.S.C. 21(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e301443)** | |
| is applicable to the filing of an original application for patent and that | |
| applicant’s own activity will not bar a patent if the 1-year grace period expires on | |
| a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday and the application’s U.S. filing date is the | |
| next succeeding business day.). Despite changes to **[37 CFR | |
| 1.6(a)(2)](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e313465)** and **[1.10](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e313951)** which permit the USPTO to | |
| accord a filing date to an application as of the date of deposit as Priority Mail | |
| Express® with the U.S. Postal Service in accordance | |
| with **[37 | |
| CFR 1.10](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#ar_d1b14e_16b60_2be)** (e.g., a Saturday filing date), the rule changes do | |
| not affect applicant’s concurrent right to defer the filing of an application until | |
| the next business day when the last day for "taking any action" falls on a Saturday, | |
| Sunday, or federal holiday (e.g., the last day of the 1-year grace period falls on a | |
| Saturday). | |
| If there is evidence of public use or sale activity | |
| more than one year prior to the effective filing date of the claimed invention, a | |
| rejection should be made under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)**, which | |
| results in a statutory bar to obtaining a patent, rather than under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)**. Note that mere knowledge of the invention by the public | |
| does not warrant rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)**, | |
| although public knowledge may provide grounds for rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)**. See **[MPEP §§ 2132](s2132.html#d0e203390)** and | |
| **[2133.03(a)](s2133.html#d0e203899)**. | |
| **II.** **PRE-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)**If the publication or issue date of the reference is | |
| too recent for **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** to apply, then the examiner should | |
| consider **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. | |
| **[Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** allows | |
| the use of certain international application publications and U.S. patent application | |
| publications, and certain U.S. patents as prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** as of their respective U.S. filing dates, including | |
| certain international filing dates. The prior art date of a reference under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** may be the international filing date if the | |
| international filing date was on or after November 29, 2000, the international | |
| application designated the United States, and the international application was | |
| published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) under the Patent | |
| Cooperation Treaty **[(PCT) Article 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** in the English language. See | |
| **[MPEP § | |
| 2136](s2136.html#d0e205544)** for examination guidelines on the application of | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. References based on international applications | |
| that were filed prior to November 29, 2000 are subject to the "pre-AIPA" version of | |
| 35 U.S.C. 102(e) in force on November 28, 2000. See **[subsection | |
| III](s2139.html#ch700_d222ef_29c79_2c1)**, below and **[MPEP § 2136.03](s2136.html#d0e205924)** for additional | |
| information. | |
| In order to apply a reference under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, the inventive entity of the application must be | |
| different from that of the reference. Note that, where there are joint inventors, | |
| only one joint inventor needs to be different for the inventive entities to be | |
| different and a rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** is | |
| applicable even if there are some joint inventors in common between the application | |
| and the reference. | |
| #### *35 U.S.C. 102 (pre-AIA) | |
| Conditions for patentability; novelty and | |
| loss of right to patent.* | |
| \*\*\*\*\* | |
| * (e) the invention was described in — (1) an | |
| application for patent, published under **[section 122(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303063)**, by | |
| another filed in the United States before the invention by the applicant for | |
| patent or (2) a patent granted on an application for patent by another filed | |
| in the United States before the invention by the applicant for patent, | |
| except that an international application filed under the treaty defined in | |
| **[section | |
| 351(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e306875)** shall have the effects for the purposes of this | |
| subsection of an application filed in the United States only if the | |
| international application designated the United States and was published | |
| under **[Article 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** of such treaty in the English language; | |
| or | |
| \*\*\*\*\* | |
| **[Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** has two separate clauses, namely, **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)(1)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** for publications of patent applications and | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)(2)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** for U.S. patents. **[Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)(1)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, in combination with **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 374](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307311)**, created a new category of prior art by providing prior art | |
| effect for certain publications of patent applications, including certain | |
| international applications, as of their effectively filed dates in the United States | |
| (which include certain international filing dates). Under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, an international filing date which is on or after | |
| November 29, 2000 is the United States filing date if the international application | |
| designated the United States and was published by the World Intellectual Property | |
| Organization (WIPO) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty **[(PCT) Article | |
| 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** in the English language. Therefore, the prior art date of | |
| a reference under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** may be the international filing date | |
| (if all three conditions noted above are met) or an earlier U.S. filing date for | |
| which priority or benefit is properly claimed. | |
| Publication under **[PCT Article 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** may result from | |
| a request for early publication by an applicant of an international application or | |
| after the expiration of 18-months after the earliest claimed priority date in an | |
| international application. International applications, which: (1) were filed prior to | |
| November 29, 2000, or (2) did not designate the U.S., or (3) were not published in | |
| English under **[PCT | |
| Article 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** by WIPO, may not be used to reach back (bridge) | |
| to an earlier filing date through a priority or benefit claim for prior art purposes | |
| under **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. An international filing date which is on or | |
| after November 29, 2000 is a United States filing date for purposes of determining | |
| the earliest effective prior art date of a patent if the international application | |
| designated the United States and was published in the English language under | |
| **[PCT Article | |
| 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** by WIPO. No international filing dates prior to November | |
| 29, 2000 may be relied upon as a prior art date under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. | |
| **III.** **"PRE-AIPA" 35 U.S.C. 102(e) AS IN FORCE ON NOVEMBER 28, 2000** | |
| #### *"Pre-AIPA" 35 U.S.C. 102 | |
| Conditions for patentability; novelty and | |
| loss of right to patent (as in force on November 28, 2000).* | |
| A person shall be entitled to a patent unless - | |
| \*\*\*\*\* | |
| * (e) the invention was described in a patent | |
| granted on an application for patent by another filed in the United States | |
| before the invention thereof by the applicant for patent, or on an | |
| international application by another who has fulfilled the requirements of | |
| paragraphs (1), (2), and (4) of section 371(c) of this title before the | |
| invention thereof by the applicant for patent. | |
| \*\*\*\*\* | |
| Patents issued directly, or indirectly, from | |
| international applications filed before November 29, 2000 may only be used as prior | |
| art based on the provisions of pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) as in force on November 28, | |
| 2000. Thus, the pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date of such a prior art patent is the | |
| earliest of the date of compliance with 35 U.S.C. 371(c)(1), (2) and (4), or the | |
| filing date of the later-filed U.S. continuing application that claimed the benefit | |
| of the international application. Publications of international applications filed | |
| before November 29, 2000 (which would include WIPO publications and U.S. publications | |
| of the national stage (35 U.S.C. 371)) do not have a pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date | |
| at all (however, such publications are available as prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) | |
| or (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)** as of their publication date). | |
| **IV.** **PRE-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)**Even if the reference is prior art under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, the examiner should still consider | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)** for two reasons. First, if the | |
| reference is a U.S. patent or patent application publication of, or claims benefit | |
| of, an international application, the publication of the international application | |
| under **[PCT Article | |
| 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** may be the earliest prior art date under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)** for the disclosure. Second, | |
| references that are only prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e), (f), or | |
| (g)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** and applied in a rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 103(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302455)** are subject to being disqualified under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 103(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302521)** if the reference and the application were | |
| commonly owned, or subject to an obligation of common assignment, at the time the | |
| invention was made. For **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)** to | |
| apply, the reference must have a publication date earlier in time than the effective | |
| filing date of the application under examination, and must not be the inventor or at | |
| least one joint inventor's own work. | |
| If the claimed invention is the subject of activity by | |
| an entity other than the inventor(s), such as sale by another, manufacture by another | |
| or disclosure of the invention by at least one joint inventor to another entity then | |
| both **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(a) and (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** may be applicable. If the evidence only | |
| points to knowledge within the year prior to the effective filing date then | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** applies. However, no rejection under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** should be made if there is evidence that | |
| applicant made the invention and only disclosed it to others within the year prior to | |
| the effective filing date. | |
| # 2139.03 Form Paragraphs for Use in Rejections Under | |
| Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 [R-10.2019] | |
| The following form paragraphs should be used in making | |
| the appropriate rejections. Note that the particular part of the reference relied upon | |
| to support the rejection should be identified. | |
| # ¶ 7.06 Notice re prior art available under both pre-AIA and | |
| AIA | |
| In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject | |
| to AIA **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1fbe1_234ed_52)** and **[103](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1fbe1_19797_b0)** (or as subject to **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** | |
| and **[103](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302450)**) | |
| is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis for the rejection will not be considered a | |
| new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the | |
| rejection, would be the same under either status. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph must be used in all Office | |
| Actions when a prior art rejection is made in an application with an actual filing | |
| date on or after March 16, 2013, that claims priority to, or the benefit of, an | |
| application filed before March 16, 2013. | |
| * 2. This form paragraph should only be used ONCE in an | |
| Office action. | |
| # ¶ 7.07.fti Statement of Statutory Basis, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102 | |
| The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in | |
| this Office action: | |
| A person shall be entitled to a patent | |
| unless— | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. The statute is no longer being re-cited in all Office | |
| actions. It is only required in first actions on the merits and final rejections. Where | |
| the statute is not being cited in an action on the merits, use form paragraph | |
| **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 2. Form paragraphs **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)** to | |
| **[7.14.fti](#fp7.14.fti)** | |
| are to be used ONLY ONCE in a given Office action. | |
| * 3. For applications with an actual filing date on or | |
| after March 16, 2013, that claim priority to, or the benefit of, an application filed | |
| before March 16, 2013, this form paragraph must be preceded by form | |
| paragraph**[7.06](#fp7.06)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.08.fti Pre-AIA 102(a), Activity by Another Before Invention by | |
| Applicant | |
| (a) the invention was known or used by others in this | |
| country, or patented or described in a printed publication in this or a foreign country, | |
| before the invention thereof by the applicant for a patent. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| This form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti.](#fp7.07.fti)** | |
| # ¶ 7.09.fti Pre-AIA 102(b), Activity More Than One Year Prior to | |
| Filing | |
| (b) the invention was patented or described in a printed | |
| publication in this or a foreign country or in public use or on sale in this country, more | |
| than one year prior to the date of application for patent in the United | |
| States. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| This form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, | |
| and may be preceded by form paragraph **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.10.fti Pre-AIA 102(c), Invention Abandoned | |
| (c) he has abandoned the invention. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| This form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, | |
| and may be preceded by one or more of form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.11.fti Pre-AIA 102(d), Foreign Patenting | |
| (d) the invention was first patented or caused to be | |
| patented, or was the subject of an inventor’s certificate, by the applicant or his legal | |
| representatives or assigns in a foreign country prior to the date of the application for | |
| patent in this country on an application for patent or inventor’s certificate filed more than | |
| twelve months before the filing of the application in the United States. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| This form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, | |
| and may be preceded by one or more of form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** to **[7.10.fti](#fp7.10.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.12.fti Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C 102(e), Patent Application Publication or | |
| Patent to Another with Earlier Filing Date, in view of the American Inventors Protection Act | |
| of 1999 (AIPA) and the Intellectual Property and High Technology Technical Amendments Act of | |
| 2002 | |
| (e) the invention was described in (1) an application for | |
| patent, published under section **[122(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303063)**, by another filed in the United | |
| States before the invention by the applicant for patent or (2) a patent granted on an | |
| application for patent by another filed in the United States before the invention by the | |
| applicant for patent, except that an international application filed under the treaty defined | |
| in section **[351(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e306875)** shall have the effects for purposes of this subsection of an | |
| application filed in the United States only if the international application designated the | |
| United States and was published under **[Article 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** of such treaty in the | |
| English language. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph should only be used if the | |
| reference is one of the following: | |
| + a U.S. patent or a publication of a U.S. | |
| application for patent filed under **[35 U.S.C. 111(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302678)**; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued directly or indirectly from, | |
| or a U.S. or WIPO publication of, an international application (i.e., a PCT | |
| application) if the international application has an international filing date on or | |
| after November 29, 2000; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued from, or a WIPO | |
| publication of, an international design application that designates the United | |
| States. | |
| * 2. In determining the **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date, | |
| consider benefit claims to earlier-filed U.S. provisional applications under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)**, and to earlier-filed U.S. nonprovisional applications and | |
| international applications under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** if the subject matter used to | |
| make the rejection is appropriately supported in the relied upon earlier-filed | |
| application’s disclosure (and any intermediate application(s)). Do NOT consider foreign | |
| priority claims under **[35 U.S.C. 119(a) - (d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926pre)**, | |
| **[365(a) or | |
| (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307039)**, or **[386(a) or (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a27_324)**. | |
| > | |
| In addition, a reference (i.e., a U.S. patent, published U.S. | |
| patent application, or WIPO publication) is entitled to the benefit of the filing date | |
| of a provisional application only if at least one of the claims in the reference is | |
| supported by the written description of the provisional application in compliance with | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824)**, first paragraph or **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 112(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_2ae60_3d5)**. See *Dynamic Drinkware, LLC, v. National Graphics, | |
| Inc.,* 800 F.3d 1375, 116 USPQ2d 1045 (Fed. Cir. 2015) and *Amgen v. | |
| Sanofi*, 872 F.3d 1367, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2017). | |
| * 3. In order to rely on an international filing date for | |
| prior art purposes under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, the | |
| international application (PCT) must have been filed on or after November 29, 2000, it | |
| must have designated the U.S., and the international publication under **[PCT Article | |
| 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** by WIPO must have been in English. If any one of the | |
| conditions is not met, the international filing date is not a U.S. filing date for prior | |
| art purposes under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. | |
| * 4. If an international application (PCT) was published | |
| by WIPO in a language other than English, or did not designate the U.S., the | |
| international application’s publication by WIPO, the U.S. publication of the national | |
| stage application (**[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**) of the international | |
| application and a U.S. patent issued from the national stage of the international | |
| application may not be applied as a reference under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. The reference may be applied under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** or **[(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** as of its publication date. See | |
| form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**. | |
| * 5. If an international application (PCT) was published by WIPO in a | |
| language other than English, the U.S. publication of, or a U.S. patent issued from, a | |
| continuing application claiming benefit under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** to such an international application, has a | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date as of the earliest U.S. filing date after the | |
| international filing date. | |
| * 6. If the reference is a U.S. patent issued directly, or | |
| indirectly, from an international application (PCT) that has an international filing | |
| date prior to November 29, 2000, use form paragraph **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**. In that situation, | |
| **[pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](s2139.html#ch700_d222ef_29c79_2c1)** is applicable in | |
| the determination of the prior art date of the patent issued from such an international | |
| application. | |
| * 7. If the reference is a publication of an | |
| international application (PCT), including the U.S. publication of a national stage | |
| (**[35 U.S.C. | |
| 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**), that has an international filing date prior to November 29, | |
| 2000, do not use this form paragraph. Such a reference may not be applied as a prior art | |
| reference under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. The reference may be applied under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** or **[(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** as of its publication date. See | |
| form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**. | |
| * 8. This form paragraph must be preceded by form | |
| paragraph **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, and may be preceded by one or more of form | |
| paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** to **[7.11.fti](#fp7.11.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.12.01.fti Pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e), Patent to Another with Earlier | |
| Filing Date, Reference is a U.S. Patent Issued Directly or Indirectly From a National Stage | |
| of, or a Continuing Application Claiming Benefit to, an International Application Having an | |
| International Filing Date Prior to November 29, 2000 | |
| (e) the invention was described in a patent granted on an | |
| application for patent by another filed in the United States before the invention thereof by | |
| the applicant for patent, or on an international application by another who has fulfilled the | |
| requirements of paragraphs (1), (2), and (4) of section **[371(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307183)** of this title | |
| before the invention thereof by the applicant for patent. | |
| The changes made to 35 U.S.C. 102(e) by the American | |
| Inventors Protection Act of 1999 (AIPA) and the Intellectual Property and High Technology | |
| Technical Amendments Act of 2002 do not apply when the reference is a U.S. patent resulting | |
| directly or indirectly from an international application filed before November 29, 2000. | |
| Therefore, the prior art date of the reference is determined under 35 U.S.C. 102(e) prior to | |
| the amendment by the AIPA (**pre-AIPA** 35 U.S.C. 102(e)). | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph should only be used if the | |
| reference is a U.S. patent issued directly or indirectly from either a national stage of | |
| an international application (application under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**) | |
| which has an international filing date prior to November 29, 2000, or a continuing | |
| application claiming benefit to an international application having an international | |
| filing date prior to November 29, 2000. | |
| * 2. If the reference is a U.S. patent issued directly from a | |
| national stage of such an international application, the reference’s**pre-AIPA** 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date is the date that the requirements of | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 371(c)(1), (2) and (4)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307187)** were fulfilled. The language of WIPO | |
| publication (PCT) is not relevant in this situation. Caution: the international | |
| publication of the international application (PCT) by WIPO may have an earlier prior art | |
| date under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)** or **[pre-AIA 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)**. | |
| * 3. If the reference is a U.S. patent issued directly from a | |
| continuing application claiming benefit under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040912)** or | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)** to such an international application (which had not | |
| entered the national stage prior to the continuing application’s filing date, otherwise | |
| see note 4), the prior art reference’s **pre-AIPA** 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date is | |
| the actual U.S. filing date of the continuing application. Caution: the international | |
| publication of the international application (PCT) by WIPO may have an earlier prior art | |
| date under **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** or **[pre-AIA 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)**. | |
| * 4. In determining the **pre-AIPA** 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date, | |
| consider benefit claims to earlier-filed U.S. provisional applications under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)**, and to earlier-filed U.S. nonprovisional applications and | |
| international applications under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040912)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** only if the subject matter | |
| used to make the rejection is appropriately supported in the relied upon earlier-filed | |
| application’s disclosure (and any intermediate application(s)). A benefit claim to a | |
| U.S. patent of an earlier-filed international application may only result in an | |
| effective U.S. filing date as of the date the requirements of **[35 U.S.C. 371(c)(1), (2) and | |
| (4)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307187)** were fulfilled. Do NOT consider any benefit claims to U.S. | |
| applications which are filed before an international application. Do NOT consider | |
| foreign priority claims under **[35 U.S.C. 119(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926)**-**[(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302947)**, | |
| **[365(a) or | |
| (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307039)**, or **[386(a) or (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_27b56_2ab)**. | |
| In addition, a reference (i.e., a U.S. patent, published U.S. | |
| patent application, or WIPO publication) is entitled to the benefit of the filing date | |
| of a provisional application only if at least one of the claims in the reference is | |
| supported by the written description of the provisional application in compliance with | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824)**, first paragraph or **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 112(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_2ae60_3d5)**. See *Dynamic Drinkware, LLC, v. National Graphics, | |
| Inc.,* 800 F.3d 1375, 116 USPQ2d 1045 (Fed. Cir. 2015) and *Amgen v. | |
| Sanofi*, 872 F.3d 1367, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2017). | |
| * 5. This form paragraph must be preceded by form | |
| paragraph **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, and may be preceded by one or more of form | |
| paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08fti)** to **[7.11.fti](#fp7.11fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.13.fti Pre-AIA 102(f), Applicant Not the Inventor | |
| (f) he did not himself invent the subject matter sought to | |
| be patented. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * This form paragraph must be preceded by form | |
| paragraph **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, and may be preceded by one or more of form | |
| paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** to **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.14.fti Pre-AIA 102(g), Priority of Invention | |
| (g)(1) during the course of an interference conducted under | |
| section **[135](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1fbe1_19834_19b)** or section **[291](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1fbe1_198be_137)**, another inventor involved therein | |
| establishes, to the extent permitted in section **[104](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1fbe1_197a5_8)**, that before | |
| such person’s invention thereof the invention was made by such other inventor and not | |
| abandoned, suppressed, or concealed, or (2) before such person’s invention thereof, the | |
| invention was made in this country by another inventor who had not abandoned, suppressed, or | |
| concealed it. In determining priority of invention under this subsection, there shall be | |
| considered not only the respective dates of conception and reduction to practice of the | |
| invention, but also the reasonable diligence of one who was first to conceive and last to | |
| reduce to practice, from a time prior to conception by the other. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * This form paragraph must be preceded by form | |
| paragraph **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, and may be preceded by one or more of form | |
| paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** to **[7.13.fti](#fp7.13.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.15.fti Rejection, Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a), (b) Patent or Publication, | |
| and (g) | |
| Claim(s) **[1]** is/are rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)****[2]** as being **[3]** by **[4]**. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. In bracket 2, insert the appropriate paragraph letter or letters | |
| of **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** in parentheses. If paragraph (e) of **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** is applicable, use form paragraph **[7.15.01.fti](#fp7.15.01.fti)**, | |
| **[7.15.02.fti](#fp7.15.02.fti)** or **[7.15.03.fti](#fp7.15.03.fti)**. | |
| * 2. In bracket 3, insert either --clearly anticipated-- or | |
| --anticipated-- with an explanation at the end of the paragraph. | |
| * 3. In bracket 4, insert the prior art relied upon. | |
| * 4. This rejection must be preceded either by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti )** | |
| and form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)**, **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**, and | |
| **[7.14.fti](#fp7.14.fti)** | |
| as appropriate, or by form paragraph **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 5. If **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** is also | |
| being applied, this form paragraph must be followed by either form paragraph | |
| **[7.15.01.fti](#fp7.15.01.fti)**, **[7.15.02.fti](#fp7.15.02.fti)** or | |
| **[7.15.03.fti](#fp7.15.03.fti)**. | |
| * 6. For applications with an actual filing date on or after March 16, | |
| 2013, that claim priority to, or the benefit of, an application filed before March 16, | |
| 2013, this form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph **[7.06](#fp7.06)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.15.01.fti Provisional Rejection, Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) - Common | |
| Assignee, Common Applicant, or At Least One Common Joint Inventor | |
| Claim(s) **[1]** is/are provisionally rejected under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** as being anticipated by copending Application No. **[2]** which has a common **[3]** with the instant application. | |
| Based upon the earlier effective U.S. filing date of the copending | |
| application, it would constitute prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, if published | |
| under **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 122(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303063)** or patented. This provisional rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** | |
| is based upon a presumption of future publication or patenting of the copending application. | |
| **[4]**. | |
| This provisional rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** might be overcome | |
| either by a showing under **[37 | |
| CFR 1.132](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e323552)** that any invention disclosed but not claimed in the copending | |
| application was derived from the inventor of this application and is thus not the invention | |
| "by another," or by an appropriate showing under **[37 CFR 1.131(a)](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#aia_d0e323512)**. | |
| This rejection may not be overcome by the filing of a terminal | |
| disclaimer. See *In re Bartfeld*, 925 F.2d 1450, 17 USPQ2d 1885 (Fed. Cir. | |
| 1991). | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph is used to provisionally reject over a | |
| copending application with an earlier filing date that discloses the claimed invention | |
| which has not been published under **[35 U.S.C. 122](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303054)**. The copending | |
| application must have either a common assignee, a common applicant (**[35 U.S.C. 118](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302910912)**), | |
| or at least one common joint inventor. | |
| * 2. Use **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** as amended | |
| by the American Inventors Protection Act (AIPA) and the Intellectual Property and High | |
| Technology Technical Amendments Act of 2002 (form paragraph **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**) to determine the copending | |
| application’s prior art date, unless the copending application is based directly, or | |
| indirectly, from an international application which has an international filing date | |
| prior to November 29, 2000. If the copending application is either a national stage of | |
| an international application (application under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**) which has an | |
| international filing date prior to November 29, 2000, or a continuing application | |
| claiming benefit under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** to an international | |
| application having an international filing date prior to November 29, 2000, use | |
| **[pre-AIPA | |
| 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](s2139.html#ch700_d222ef_29c79_2c1)** (form paragraph **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**). See the Examiner | |
| Notes for form paragraphs **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)** and **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.21.01.fti)** to assist in the | |
| determination of the reference’s **[35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date. | |
| * 3. If the claims would have been obvious over the invention | |
| disclosed in the other copending application, use form paragraph | |
| **[7.21.01.fti](#fp7.21.01.fti)**. | |
| * 4. In bracket 3, insert --assignee--, --applicant--, or --joint | |
| inventor--. | |
| * 5. In bracket 4, an appropriate explanation may be provided in | |
| support of the examiner’s position on anticipation, if necessary. | |
| * 6. Under **[35 U.S.C. 101](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302376)**, two patents are not | |
| permitted to issue on identical subject matter. Any claims in the instant application | |
| directed to the same invention claimed in the reference should be provisionally rejected | |
| using form paragraphs **[8.30](#fp8.30)** and **[8.32](#fp8.32)**. Additionally, the applicant should be required to | |
| amend or cancel claims such that the applied reference and the instant application no | |
| longer contain claims directed to the same invention using form paragraph | |
| **[8.27.fti](#fp8.27.fti)**. | |
| * 7. Any claims in the instant application that are directed to | |
| subject matter that is not patentably distinct from an invention claimed in the | |
| reference should be rejected (or provisionally rejected if the reference has not yet | |
| issued as a patent) on the grounds of nonstatutory double patenting using form paragraph | |
| **[8.33](#fp8.33)** and at | |
| least one of form paragraphs **[8.34](#fp8.34)** - **[8.39](#fp8.39)**. | |
| * 8. If evidence is additionally of record to show that either | |
| invention is prior art to the other under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302420)** or | |
| **[(g)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302424)**, a rejection using form paragraphs | |
| **[7.13.fti](#fp7.13.fti)** and/or **[7.14.fti](#fp7.14.fti)** should also be made. | |
| * 9. For applications with an actual filing date on or after March | |
| 16, 2013 that claim priority to, or the benefit of, an application filed before March | |
| 16, 2013, this form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.06](#fp7.06)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.15.02.fti Rejection, Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e), Common Assignee, | |
| Applicant, or Joint Inventor | |
| Claim(s) **[1]** is/are rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** | |
| as being anticipated by **[2]**. | |
| The applied reference has a common **[3]** with the instant | |
| application. Based upon the earlier effective U.S. filing date of the reference, it | |
| constitutes prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. This rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** | |
| might be overcome either by a showing under **[37 CFR 1.132](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e323552)** that any invention disclosed | |
| but not claimed in the reference was derived from the inventor or joint inventors (i.e., the | |
| inventive entity) of this application and is thus not the invention "by another," or if the | |
| same invention is not being claimed, by an appropriate showing under **[37 CFR 1.131(a)](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#aia_d0e323512)**. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph is used to reject over a patent or patent | |
| application publication with an earlier effective filing date. The patent or patent | |
| application publication must have either a common assignee, a common applicant | |
| (**[35 U.S.C. | |
| 118](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302910912)**), or a common joint inventor. | |
| * 2. **[Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** as amended by the American Inventors Protection Act of 1999 | |
| (AIPA) and the Intellectual Property and High Technology Technical Amendments Act of | |
| 2002 (form paragraph **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**) must be applied if the reference is by | |
| another and is one of the following: | |
| + a U.S. patent or a publication of a U.S. application for | |
| patent filed under **[35 U.S.C. 111(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302678)**; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued directly or indirectly from, or a U.S. | |
| or WIPO publication of, **an international application (PCT) if the international | |
| application has an international filing date on or after November 29, | |
| 2000**; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued from, or a WIPO publication of, an | |
| international design application that designates the United States.See the Examiner Notes for form paragraph | |
| **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)** | |
| to assist in the determination of the **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date of the | |
| reference. | |
| * 3. **[Pre-AIPA | |
| 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** (form paragraph **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**) must be applied if | |
| the reference is a U.S. patent issued directly, or indirectly, from an international | |
| application filed prior to November 29, 2000. See the Examiner Notes for form paragraph | |
| **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)** to assist in the determination of the | |
| **[pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date of the | |
| reference. | |
| * 4. In determining the **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date, | |
| consider benefit claims to earlier-filed U.S. provisional applications under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)**, and to earlier-filed U.S. nonprovisional applications and | |
| international applications under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040912)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** if the subject matter used to | |
| make the rejection is appropriately supported in the relied upon earlier-filed | |
| application’s disclosure (and any intermediate application(s)). A benefit claim to a | |
| U.S. patent of an earlier-filed international application, which has an international | |
| filing date prior to November 29, 2000, may only result in an effective U.S. filing date | |
| as of the date the requirements of **[35 U.S.C. 371(c)(1)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307187)**, | |
| **[(2)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307194)** and **[(4)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307205)** were fulfilled. Do NOT consider | |
| any benefit claims to U.S. applications which are filed before an international | |
| application that has an international filing date prior to November 29, 2000. Do NOT | |
| consider foreign priority claims under **[35 U.S.C. 119(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926pre)** - **[(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926pre)**, | |
| **[365(a) or | |
| (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307039)**, or **[386(a) or (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a27_324)**. | |
| In addition, a reference (i.e., a U.S. patent, published U.S. | |
| patent application, or WIPO publication) is entitled to the benefit of the filing date | |
| of a provisional application only if at least one of the claims in the reference is | |
| supported by the written description of the provisional application in compliance with | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824)**, first paragraph or **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 112(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_2ae60_3d5)**. See *Dynamic Drinkware, LLC, v. National Graphics, | |
| Inc.,* 800 F.3d 1375, 116 USPQ2d 1045 (Fed. Cir. 2015) and *Amgen v. | |
| Sanofi*, 872 F.3d 1367, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2017). | |
| * 5. If the reference is a publication of an international application | |
| (PCT), including voluntary U.S. publication under **[35 U.S.C. 122](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303054)** of the national stage | |
| or a WIPO PCT publication, that has an international filing date prior to November 29, | |
| 2000, did not designate the United States or was not published in English by WIPO, do | |
| not use this form paragraph. Such a reference is not a prior art reference under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. The reference may be applied under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** or **[(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** as of its publication date. See | |
| form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**. | |
| * 6. In bracket 3, insert --assignee--, --applicant--, or --joint | |
| inventor--. | |
| * 7. This form paragraph must be preceded by either of form | |
| paragraphs **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)** or **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**. | |
| * 8. Patent application publications may only be used if this form | |
| paragraph was preceded by form paragraph **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**. | |
| * 9. For applications with an actual filing date on or after March | |
| 16, 2013, that claim priority to, or the benefit of, an application filed before March | |
| 16, 2013, this form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.06](#fp7.06)**. | |
| * 10. Under **[35 U.S.C. 101](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302376)**, two patents are not | |
| permitted to issue on identical subject matter. Any claims in the instant application | |
| directed to the same invention claimed in the reference should be rejected (or | |
| provisionally rejected if the reference has not yet issued as a patent) using form | |
| paragraphs **[8.30](#fp8.30)** | |
| - **[8.32](#fp8.32)**. | |
| Additionally, the applicant should be required to resolve any issue of priority under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(g)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302424)** and possibly **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302420)** using form | |
| paragraph **[8.27.fti](#fp8.27.fti)**. See **[MPEP § 804](s804.html#d0e98894)**, subsection II.A. | |
| * 11. Any claims in the instant application that are directed to | |
| subject matter that is not patentably distinct from an invention claimed in the | |
| reference should be rejected (or provisionally rejected if the reference has not yet | |
| issued as a patent) on the grounds of nonstatutory double patenting using form paragraph | |
| **[8.33](#fp8.33)** and at | |
| least one of form paragraphs **[8.34](#fp8.34)** - **[8.39](#fp8.39)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.15.03.fti Rejection, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e), No Common Assignee or | |
| Inventor(s) | |
| Claim(s) **[1]** is/are rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** | |
| as being **[2]** by **[3]**. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph is used to reject over a patent or patent | |
| application publication with an earlier filing date. The patent or patent application | |
| publication is not required to have a common assignee or a common inventor. | |
| * 2. **[Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** as amended by the American Inventors Protection Act of 1999 | |
| (AIPA) and the Intellectual Property and High Technology Technical Amendments Act of | |
| 2002 (form paragraph **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**) must be applied if the reference is one of | |
| the following: | |
| + a U.S. patent or a publication of a U.S. application for | |
| patent filed under **[35 U.S.C. 111(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302678aia)**; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued directly or indirectly from, or a U.S. or | |
| WIPO publication of, an international application (PCT) if the international | |
| application has an international filing date on or after November 29, 2000; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued from, or a WIPO publication of, an | |
| international design application that designates the United States.See the Examiner Notes for form paragraph | |
| **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)** | |
| to assist in the determination of the **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date of the | |
| reference. | |
| * 3. **[Pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** (form paragraph **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**) must be applied if | |
| the reference is a U.S. patent issued directly, or indirectly, from an international | |
| application filed prior to November 29, 2000. See the Examiner Notes for form paragraph | |
| **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)** to assist in the determination of the pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e) date of the reference. | |
| * 4. In determining the **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date, | |
| consider benefit claims to earlier-filed U.S. provisional applications under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)**, and to earlier-filed U.S. nonprovisional applications and | |
| international applications under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** if the subject matter used to | |
| make the rejection is appropriately supported in the relied upon earlier-filed | |
| application’s disclosure (and any intermediate application(s)). A benefit claim to a | |
| U.S. patent of an earlier-filed international application, which has an international | |
| filing date prior to November 29, 2000, may only result in an effective U.S. filing date | |
| as of the date the requirements of **[35 U.S.C. 371(c)(1)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307187)**, | |
| **[(2)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307194)** and **[(4)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307205)** were fulfilled. Do NOT consider | |
| any benefit claims to U.S. applications which are filed before an international | |
| application that has an international filing date prior to November 29, 2000. Do NOT | |
| consider foreign priority claims under **[35 U.S.C. 119(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926pre)** - **[(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926pre)**, | |
| **[365(a) or | |
| (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307039)**, or **[35 U.S.C. 386(a) or (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a27_324)**. | |
| In addition, a reference (i.e., a U.S. patent, published U.S. | |
| patent application, or WIPO publication) is entitled to the benefit of the filing date | |
| of a provisional application only if at least one of the claims in the reference is | |
| supported by the written description of the provisional application in compliance with | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824)**, first paragraph or **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 112(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_2ae60_3d5)**. See *Dynamic Drinkware, LLC, v. National Graphics, | |
| Inc.,* 800 F.3d 1375, 116 USPQ2d 1045 (Fed. Cir. 2015) and *Amgen v. | |
| Sanofi*, 872 F.3d 1367, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2017). | |
| * 5. If the reference is a publication of an international | |
| application (PCT), including voluntary U.S. publication under **[35 U.S.C. 122](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303054)** of | |
| the national stage or a WIPO (PCT) publication, that has an international filing date | |
| prior to November 29, 2000, did not designate the United States or was not published in | |
| English by WIPO, do not use this form paragraph. Such a reference is not a prior art | |
| reference under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. The reference may be applied under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** or **[(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** as of its publication date. See | |
| form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**. | |
| * 6. In bracket 2, insert either --clearly anticipated-- or | |
| --anticipated-- with an explanation at the end of the paragraph. | |
| * 7. In bracket 3, insert the prior art relied upon. | |
| * 8. This form paragraph must be preceded by either of form paragraphs | |
| **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)** or **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**. | |
| * 9. Patent application publications may only be used if this form | |
| paragraph was preceded by form paragraph **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.16.fti Rejection, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b), Public Use or on | |
| Sale | |
| Claim **[1]** rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** based upon a public use or sale of the invention. | |
| **[2]** | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph must be preceded either by form | |
| paragraphs **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)** or by form paragraph | |
| **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 2. A full explanation of the evidence establishing a | |
| public use or sale must be provided in bracket 2. | |
| # ¶ 7.17.fti Rejection, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(c), Abandonment of | |
| Invention | |
| Claim **[1]** rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302399)** | |
| because the invention has been abandoned. **[2]** | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph must be preceded either by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)** | |
| and **[7.10.fti](#fp7.10.fti)** or by form paragraph **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 2. In bracket 2, insert a full explanation of the evidence | |
| establishing abandonment of the invention. See **[MPEP § 2134](s2134.html#d0e205168)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.18.fti Rejection, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d), Foreign | |
| Patenting | |
| Claim **[1]** rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11ecb_1d1)** as being barred by applicants **[2]**. **[3]** | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph must be preceded either by form paragraphs | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)** | |
| and **[7.11.fti](#fp7.11.fti)** | |
| or by form paragraph **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 2. In bracket 3, insert an explanation of this rejection which must | |
| include appropriate dates and how they make the foreign patent available under | |
| **[pre-AIA | |
| 35 U.S.C. 102(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11ecb_1d1)**. | |
| * 3. Refer to **[MPEP § 2135](s2135.html#d0e205278)** for applicable | |
| **[pre-AIA | |
| 35 U.S.C. 102(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11ecb_1d1)** prior art. | |
| # ¶ 7.19.fti Rejection, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f), Applicant Not the | |
| Inventor | |
| Claim **[1]** is/are rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302420)** | |
| because the applicant did not invent the claimed subject matter. **[2]** | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This paragraph must be preceded either by paragraphs | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)** | |
| and **[7.13.fti](#fp7.13.fti)** | |
| or by paragraph **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 2. In bracket 2, insert an explanation of the supporting evidence establishing that | |
| applicant was not the inventor. See **[MPEP § 2137](s2137.html#d0e206570)**. | |
| [[top]](#top) | |
| , | |
| # 2139.01 Effective Filing Date of a Claimed Invention | |
| Under Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 [R-10.2019] | |
| In examining applications subject to **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)**, the effective filing date of the claimed invention is the | |
| actual filing date of the U.S. application, unless situation (A), (B), or (C) as set | |
| forth below applies. Note that the actual U.S. filing date of an application that | |
| entered the national stage under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)** is the international | |
| filing date. See **[35 | |
| U.S.C. 363](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e306994313)** and **[MPEP § 1893.03(b)](s1893.html#d0e191308)**. | |
| * (A) If the application is a continuation or divisional of one or | |
| more earlier U.S. applications or international applications and if the | |
| requirements of **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313)** or | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)** have been satisfied, the effective filing date of | |
| the claimed invention is the same as the earliest filing date in the line of | |
| continuation or divisional applications. | |
| * (B) If the application is a continuation-in-part of an earlier | |
| U.S. application or international application, any claims in the new application | |
| not supported by the specification and claims of the parent application have an | |
| effective filing date equal to the actual filing date of the new application. Any | |
| claims which are fully supported under **[35 U.S.C. 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824)** by the earlier | |
| parent application have the effective filing date of that earlier parent | |
| application. | |
| * (C) If the application properly claims benefit under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)** to a provisional application, the effective filing | |
| date of the claimed invention is the filing date of the provisional application | |
| for any claims which are fully supported under the first paragraph of | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824912)** by the provisional application. | |
| The effective filing date for claims subject to | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** is not the filing date of the foreign priority document, | |
| although the filing date of the foreign priority document may be used to overcome | |
| certain references. See **[MPEP § 2136.05](s2136.html#d0e206333)***et seq.* | |
| See **[MPEP | |
| § 1893.03(c)](s1893.html#d0e191506)**, subsection III for benefit claims under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)**, **[120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313)**, or **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)** in an | |
| application that entered the national stage under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**. See | |
| **[MPEP §§ | |
| 211.01(c)](s211.html#ch200_d1ff71_22ea8_22b)** and **[1895](s1895.html#d0e192715)** for additional information on | |
| determining the effective filing dates of claimed inventions in a continuation, | |
| divisional, or continuation-in-part of a PCT application designating the U.S. See also | |
| **[MPEP §§ | |
| 1895.01](s1895.html#d0e192774)** and **[1896](s1896.html#d0e193032)** which discuss differences between | |
| applications filed under **[35 U.S.C. 111(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302673)** and international | |
| applications that enter national stage under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**. | |
| , | |
| # 2139.02 Determining Whether To Apply Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a), (b), or (e) [R-10.2019] | |
| *[Editor Note: This MPEP section is **not applicable** to applications | |
| subject to examination under the first inventor to file provisions of the AIA as | |
| explained in **[35 U.S.C. 100 (note)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d917_1bef1_2b)** and | |
| **[MPEP | |
| § 2159](s2159.html#ch2100_d20034_1dc34_1dd)**. See **[MPEP § | |
| 2152.05](s2152.html#ch2100_d2c184_13c9f_236)** for the examination of applications subject to the | |
| first inventor to file provisions of the AIA.]* | |
| **I.** **PRE-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)**First, the examiner should consider whether the | |
| reference qualifies as prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** because | |
| this section results in a statutory bar to obtaining a patent. If the publication or | |
| issue date of the reference is more than 1 year prior to the effective filing date of | |
| the claimed invention (**[MPEP § 2139.01](s2139.html#ch2100_d2c184_12530_2b6)**), the reference | |
| qualifies as prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)**. | |
| Where the last day of the year dated from the date of | |
| publication falls on a Saturday, Sunday or federal holiday, the publication is not a | |
| statutory bar under **[pre-AIA 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** if the application was filed on the next | |
| succeeding business day. *Ex parte Olah,* 131 USPQ 41 (Bd. App. | |
| 1960) (The Board in *Olah* held that **[35 U.S.C. 21(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e301443)** | |
| is applicable to the filing of an original application for patent and that | |
| applicant’s own activity will not bar a patent if the 1-year grace period expires on | |
| a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday and the application’s U.S. filing date is the | |
| next succeeding business day.). Despite changes to **[37 CFR | |
| 1.6(a)(2)](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e313465)** and **[1.10](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e313951)** which permit the USPTO to | |
| accord a filing date to an application as of the date of deposit as Priority Mail | |
| Express® with the U.S. Postal Service in accordance | |
| with **[37 | |
| CFR 1.10](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#ar_d1b14e_16b60_2be)** (e.g., a Saturday filing date), the rule changes do | |
| not affect applicant’s concurrent right to defer the filing of an application until | |
| the next business day when the last day for "taking any action" falls on a Saturday, | |
| Sunday, or federal holiday (e.g., the last day of the 1-year grace period falls on a | |
| Saturday). | |
| If there is evidence of public use or sale activity | |
| more than one year prior to the effective filing date of the claimed invention, a | |
| rejection should be made under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)**, which | |
| results in a statutory bar to obtaining a patent, rather than under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)**. Note that mere knowledge of the invention by the public | |
| does not warrant rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)**, | |
| although public knowledge may provide grounds for rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)**. See **[MPEP §§ 2132](s2132.html#d0e203390)** and | |
| **[2133.03(a)](s2133.html#d0e203899)**. | |
| **II.** **PRE-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)**If the publication or issue date of the reference is | |
| too recent for **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** to apply, then the examiner should | |
| consider **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. | |
| **[Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** allows | |
| the use of certain international application publications and U.S. patent application | |
| publications, and certain U.S. patents as prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** as of their respective U.S. filing dates, including | |
| certain international filing dates. The prior art date of a reference under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** may be the international filing date if the | |
| international filing date was on or after November 29, 2000, the international | |
| application designated the United States, and the international application was | |
| published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) under the Patent | |
| Cooperation Treaty **[(PCT) Article 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** in the English language. See | |
| **[MPEP § | |
| 2136](s2136.html#d0e205544)** for examination guidelines on the application of | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. References based on international applications | |
| that were filed prior to November 29, 2000 are subject to the "pre-AIPA" version of | |
| 35 U.S.C. 102(e) in force on November 28, 2000. See **[subsection | |
| III](s2139.html#ch700_d222ef_29c79_2c1)**, below and **[MPEP § 2136.03](s2136.html#d0e205924)** for additional | |
| information. | |
| In order to apply a reference under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, the inventive entity of the application must be | |
| different from that of the reference. Note that, where there are joint inventors, | |
| only one joint inventor needs to be different for the inventive entities to be | |
| different and a rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** is | |
| applicable even if there are some joint inventors in common between the application | |
| and the reference. | |
| #### *35 U.S.C. 102 (pre-AIA) | |
| Conditions for patentability; novelty and | |
| loss of right to patent.* | |
| \*\*\*\*\* | |
| * (e) the invention was described in — (1) an | |
| application for patent, published under **[section 122(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303063)**, by | |
| another filed in the United States before the invention by the applicant for | |
| patent or (2) a patent granted on an application for patent by another filed | |
| in the United States before the invention by the applicant for patent, | |
| except that an international application filed under the treaty defined in | |
| **[section | |
| 351(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e306875)** shall have the effects for the purposes of this | |
| subsection of an application filed in the United States only if the | |
| international application designated the United States and was published | |
| under **[Article 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** of such treaty in the English language; | |
| or | |
| \*\*\*\*\* | |
| **[Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** has two separate clauses, namely, **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)(1)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** for publications of patent applications and | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)(2)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** for U.S. patents. **[Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)(1)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, in combination with **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 374](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307311)**, created a new category of prior art by providing prior art | |
| effect for certain publications of patent applications, including certain | |
| international applications, as of their effectively filed dates in the United States | |
| (which include certain international filing dates). Under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, an international filing date which is on or after | |
| November 29, 2000 is the United States filing date if the international application | |
| designated the United States and was published by the World Intellectual Property | |
| Organization (WIPO) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty **[(PCT) Article | |
| 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** in the English language. Therefore, the prior art date of | |
| a reference under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** may be the international filing date | |
| (if all three conditions noted above are met) or an earlier U.S. filing date for | |
| which priority or benefit is properly claimed. | |
| Publication under **[PCT Article 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** may result from | |
| a request for early publication by an applicant of an international application or | |
| after the expiration of 18-months after the earliest claimed priority date in an | |
| international application. International applications, which: (1) were filed prior to | |
| November 29, 2000, or (2) did not designate the U.S., or (3) were not published in | |
| English under **[PCT | |
| Article 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** by WIPO, may not be used to reach back (bridge) | |
| to an earlier filing date through a priority or benefit claim for prior art purposes | |
| under **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. An international filing date which is on or | |
| after November 29, 2000 is a United States filing date for purposes of determining | |
| the earliest effective prior art date of a patent if the international application | |
| designated the United States and was published in the English language under | |
| **[PCT Article | |
| 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** by WIPO. No international filing dates prior to November | |
| 29, 2000 may be relied upon as a prior art date under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. | |
| **III.** **"PRE-AIPA" 35 U.S.C. 102(e) AS IN FORCE ON NOVEMBER 28, 2000** | |
| #### *"Pre-AIPA" 35 U.S.C. 102 | |
| Conditions for patentability; novelty and | |
| loss of right to patent (as in force on November 28, 2000).* | |
| A person shall be entitled to a patent unless - | |
| \*\*\*\*\* | |
| * (e) the invention was described in a patent | |
| granted on an application for patent by another filed in the United States | |
| before the invention thereof by the applicant for patent, or on an | |
| international application by another who has fulfilled the requirements of | |
| paragraphs (1), (2), and (4) of section 371(c) of this title before the | |
| invention thereof by the applicant for patent. | |
| \*\*\*\*\* | |
| Patents issued directly, or indirectly, from | |
| international applications filed before November 29, 2000 may only be used as prior | |
| art based on the provisions of pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) as in force on November 28, | |
| 2000. Thus, the pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date of such a prior art patent is the | |
| earliest of the date of compliance with 35 U.S.C. 371(c)(1), (2) and (4), or the | |
| filing date of the later-filed U.S. continuing application that claimed the benefit | |
| of the international application. Publications of international applications filed | |
| before November 29, 2000 (which would include WIPO publications and U.S. publications | |
| of the national stage (35 U.S.C. 371)) do not have a pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date | |
| at all (however, such publications are available as prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a) | |
| or (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)** as of their publication date). | |
| **IV.** **PRE-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)**Even if the reference is prior art under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, the examiner should still consider | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)** for two reasons. First, if the | |
| reference is a U.S. patent or patent application publication of, or claims benefit | |
| of, an international application, the publication of the international application | |
| under **[PCT Article | |
| 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** may be the earliest prior art date under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)** for the disclosure. Second, | |
| references that are only prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e), (f), or | |
| (g)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** and applied in a rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 103(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302455)** are subject to being disqualified under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 103(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302521)** if the reference and the application were | |
| commonly owned, or subject to an obligation of common assignment, at the time the | |
| invention was made. For **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)** to | |
| apply, the reference must have a publication date earlier in time than the effective | |
| filing date of the application under examination, and must not be the inventor or at | |
| least one joint inventor's own work. | |
| If the claimed invention is the subject of activity by | |
| an entity other than the inventor(s), such as sale by another, manufacture by another | |
| or disclosure of the invention by at least one joint inventor to another entity then | |
| both **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(a) and (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** may be applicable. If the evidence only | |
| points to knowledge within the year prior to the effective filing date then | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** applies. However, no rejection under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** should be made if there is evidence that | |
| applicant made the invention and only disclosed it to others within the year prior to | |
| the effective filing date. | |
| , | |
| # 2139.03 Form Paragraphs for Use in Rejections Under | |
| Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102 [R-10.2019] | |
| The following form paragraphs should be used in making | |
| the appropriate rejections. Note that the particular part of the reference relied upon | |
| to support the rejection should be identified. | |
| # ¶ 7.06 Notice re prior art available under both pre-AIA and | |
| AIA | |
| In the event the determination of the status of the application as subject | |
| to AIA **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1fbe1_234ed_52)** and **[103](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1fbe1_19797_b0)** (or as subject to **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** | |
| and **[103](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302450)**) | |
| is incorrect, any correction of the statutory basis for the rejection will not be considered a | |
| new ground of rejection if the prior art relied upon, and the rationale supporting the | |
| rejection, would be the same under either status. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph must be used in all Office | |
| Actions when a prior art rejection is made in an application with an actual filing | |
| date on or after March 16, 2013, that claims priority to, or the benefit of, an | |
| application filed before March 16, 2013. | |
| * 2. This form paragraph should only be used ONCE in an | |
| Office action. | |
| # ¶ 7.07.fti Statement of Statutory Basis, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102 | |
| The following is a quotation of the appropriate paragraphs of | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** that form the basis for the rejections under this section made in | |
| this Office action: | |
| A person shall be entitled to a patent | |
| unless— | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. The statute is no longer being re-cited in all Office | |
| actions. It is only required in first actions on the merits and final rejections. Where | |
| the statute is not being cited in an action on the merits, use form paragraph | |
| **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 2. Form paragraphs **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)** to | |
| **[7.14.fti](#fp7.14.fti)** | |
| are to be used ONLY ONCE in a given Office action. | |
| * 3. For applications with an actual filing date on or | |
| after March 16, 2013, that claim priority to, or the benefit of, an application filed | |
| before March 16, 2013, this form paragraph must be preceded by form | |
| paragraph**[7.06](#fp7.06)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.08.fti Pre-AIA 102(a), Activity by Another Before Invention by | |
| Applicant | |
| (a) the invention was known or used by others in this | |
| country, or patented or described in a printed publication in this or a foreign country, | |
| before the invention thereof by the applicant for a patent. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| This form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti.](#fp7.07.fti)** | |
| # ¶ 7.09.fti Pre-AIA 102(b), Activity More Than One Year Prior to | |
| Filing | |
| (b) the invention was patented or described in a printed | |
| publication in this or a foreign country or in public use or on sale in this country, more | |
| than one year prior to the date of application for patent in the United | |
| States. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| This form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, | |
| and may be preceded by form paragraph **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.10.fti Pre-AIA 102(c), Invention Abandoned | |
| (c) he has abandoned the invention. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| This form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, | |
| and may be preceded by one or more of form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.11.fti Pre-AIA 102(d), Foreign Patenting | |
| (d) the invention was first patented or caused to be | |
| patented, or was the subject of an inventor’s certificate, by the applicant or his legal | |
| representatives or assigns in a foreign country prior to the date of the application for | |
| patent in this country on an application for patent or inventor’s certificate filed more than | |
| twelve months before the filing of the application in the United States. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| This form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, | |
| and may be preceded by one or more of form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** to **[7.10.fti](#fp7.10.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.12.fti Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C 102(e), Patent Application Publication or | |
| Patent to Another with Earlier Filing Date, in view of the American Inventors Protection Act | |
| of 1999 (AIPA) and the Intellectual Property and High Technology Technical Amendments Act of | |
| 2002 | |
| (e) the invention was described in (1) an application for | |
| patent, published under section **[122(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303063)**, by another filed in the United | |
| States before the invention by the applicant for patent or (2) a patent granted on an | |
| application for patent by another filed in the United States before the invention by the | |
| applicant for patent, except that an international application filed under the treaty defined | |
| in section **[351(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e306875)** shall have the effects for purposes of this subsection of an | |
| application filed in the United States only if the international application designated the | |
| United States and was published under **[Article 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** of such treaty in the | |
| English language. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph should only be used if the | |
| reference is one of the following: | |
| + a U.S. patent or a publication of a U.S. | |
| application for patent filed under **[35 U.S.C. 111(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302678)**; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued directly or indirectly from, | |
| or a U.S. or WIPO publication of, an international application (i.e., a PCT | |
| application) if the international application has an international filing date on or | |
| after November 29, 2000; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued from, or a WIPO | |
| publication of, an international design application that designates the United | |
| States. | |
| * 2. In determining the **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date, | |
| consider benefit claims to earlier-filed U.S. provisional applications under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)**, and to earlier-filed U.S. nonprovisional applications and | |
| international applications under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** if the subject matter used to | |
| make the rejection is appropriately supported in the relied upon earlier-filed | |
| application’s disclosure (and any intermediate application(s)). Do NOT consider foreign | |
| priority claims under **[35 U.S.C. 119(a) - (d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926pre)**, | |
| **[365(a) or | |
| (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307039)**, or **[386(a) or (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a27_324)**. | |
| > | |
| In addition, a reference (i.e., a U.S. patent, published U.S. | |
| patent application, or WIPO publication) is entitled to the benefit of the filing date | |
| of a provisional application only if at least one of the claims in the reference is | |
| supported by the written description of the provisional application in compliance with | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824)**, first paragraph or **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 112(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_2ae60_3d5)**. See *Dynamic Drinkware, LLC, v. National Graphics, | |
| Inc.,* 800 F.3d 1375, 116 USPQ2d 1045 (Fed. Cir. 2015) and *Amgen v. | |
| Sanofi*, 872 F.3d 1367, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2017). | |
| * 3. In order to rely on an international filing date for | |
| prior art purposes under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, the | |
| international application (PCT) must have been filed on or after November 29, 2000, it | |
| must have designated the U.S., and the international publication under **[PCT Article | |
| 21(2)](mpep-9025-appx-t.html#d0e363634)** by WIPO must have been in English. If any one of the | |
| conditions is not met, the international filing date is not a U.S. filing date for prior | |
| art purposes under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. | |
| * 4. If an international application (PCT) was published | |
| by WIPO in a language other than English, or did not designate the U.S., the | |
| international application’s publication by WIPO, the U.S. publication of the national | |
| stage application (**[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**) of the international | |
| application and a U.S. patent issued from the national stage of the international | |
| application may not be applied as a reference under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. The reference may be applied under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** or **[(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** as of its publication date. See | |
| form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**. | |
| * 5. If an international application (PCT) was published by WIPO in a | |
| language other than English, the U.S. publication of, or a U.S. patent issued from, a | |
| continuing application claiming benefit under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** to such an international application, has a | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date as of the earliest U.S. filing date after the | |
| international filing date. | |
| * 6. If the reference is a U.S. patent issued directly, or | |
| indirectly, from an international application (PCT) that has an international filing | |
| date prior to November 29, 2000, use form paragraph **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**. In that situation, | |
| **[pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](s2139.html#ch700_d222ef_29c79_2c1)** is applicable in | |
| the determination of the prior art date of the patent issued from such an international | |
| application. | |
| * 7. If the reference is a publication of an | |
| international application (PCT), including the U.S. publication of a national stage | |
| (**[35 U.S.C. | |
| 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**), that has an international filing date prior to November 29, | |
| 2000, do not use this form paragraph. Such a reference may not be applied as a prior art | |
| reference under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. The reference may be applied under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** or **[(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** as of its publication date. See | |
| form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**. | |
| * 8. This form paragraph must be preceded by form | |
| paragraph **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, and may be preceded by one or more of form | |
| paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** to **[7.11.fti](#fp7.11.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.12.01.fti Pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e), Patent to Another with Earlier | |
| Filing Date, Reference is a U.S. Patent Issued Directly or Indirectly From a National Stage | |
| of, or a Continuing Application Claiming Benefit to, an International Application Having an | |
| International Filing Date Prior to November 29, 2000 | |
| (e) the invention was described in a patent granted on an | |
| application for patent by another filed in the United States before the invention thereof by | |
| the applicant for patent, or on an international application by another who has fulfilled the | |
| requirements of paragraphs (1), (2), and (4) of section **[371(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307183)** of this title | |
| before the invention thereof by the applicant for patent. | |
| The changes made to 35 U.S.C. 102(e) by the American | |
| Inventors Protection Act of 1999 (AIPA) and the Intellectual Property and High Technology | |
| Technical Amendments Act of 2002 do not apply when the reference is a U.S. patent resulting | |
| directly or indirectly from an international application filed before November 29, 2000. | |
| Therefore, the prior art date of the reference is determined under 35 U.S.C. 102(e) prior to | |
| the amendment by the AIPA (**pre-AIPA** 35 U.S.C. 102(e)). | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph should only be used if the | |
| reference is a U.S. patent issued directly or indirectly from either a national stage of | |
| an international application (application under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**) | |
| which has an international filing date prior to November 29, 2000, or a continuing | |
| application claiming benefit to an international application having an international | |
| filing date prior to November 29, 2000. | |
| * 2. If the reference is a U.S. patent issued directly from a | |
| national stage of such an international application, the reference’s**pre-AIPA** 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date is the date that the requirements of | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 371(c)(1), (2) and (4)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307187)** were fulfilled. The language of WIPO | |
| publication (PCT) is not relevant in this situation. Caution: the international | |
| publication of the international application (PCT) by WIPO may have an earlier prior art | |
| date under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11e72_2ee)** or **[pre-AIA 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)**. | |
| * 3. If the reference is a U.S. patent issued directly from a | |
| continuing application claiming benefit under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040912)** or | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)** to such an international application (which had not | |
| entered the national stage prior to the continuing application’s filing date, otherwise | |
| see note 4), the prior art reference’s **pre-AIPA** 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date is | |
| the actual U.S. filing date of the continuing application. Caution: the international | |
| publication of the international application (PCT) by WIPO may have an earlier prior art | |
| date under **[pre-AIA 35 | |
| U.S.C. 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** or **[pre-AIA 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)**. | |
| * 4. In determining the **pre-AIPA** 35 U.S.C. 102(e) date, | |
| consider benefit claims to earlier-filed U.S. provisional applications under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)**, and to earlier-filed U.S. nonprovisional applications and | |
| international applications under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040912)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** only if the subject matter | |
| used to make the rejection is appropriately supported in the relied upon earlier-filed | |
| application’s disclosure (and any intermediate application(s)). A benefit claim to a | |
| U.S. patent of an earlier-filed international application may only result in an | |
| effective U.S. filing date as of the date the requirements of **[35 U.S.C. 371(c)(1), (2) and | |
| (4)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307187)** were fulfilled. Do NOT consider any benefit claims to U.S. | |
| applications which are filed before an international application. Do NOT consider | |
| foreign priority claims under **[35 U.S.C. 119(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926)**-**[(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302947)**, | |
| **[365(a) or | |
| (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307039)**, or **[386(a) or (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_27b56_2ab)**. | |
| In addition, a reference (i.e., a U.S. patent, published U.S. | |
| patent application, or WIPO publication) is entitled to the benefit of the filing date | |
| of a provisional application only if at least one of the claims in the reference is | |
| supported by the written description of the provisional application in compliance with | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824)**, first paragraph or **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 112(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_2ae60_3d5)**. See *Dynamic Drinkware, LLC, v. National Graphics, | |
| Inc.,* 800 F.3d 1375, 116 USPQ2d 1045 (Fed. Cir. 2015) and *Amgen v. | |
| Sanofi*, 872 F.3d 1367, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2017). | |
| * 5. This form paragraph must be preceded by form | |
| paragraph **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, and may be preceded by one or more of form | |
| paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08fti)** to **[7.11.fti](#fp7.11fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.13.fti Pre-AIA 102(f), Applicant Not the Inventor | |
| (f) he did not himself invent the subject matter sought to | |
| be patented. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * This form paragraph must be preceded by form | |
| paragraph **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, and may be preceded by one or more of form | |
| paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** to **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.14.fti Pre-AIA 102(g), Priority of Invention | |
| (g)(1) during the course of an interference conducted under | |
| section **[135](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1fbe1_19834_19b)** or section **[291](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1fbe1_198be_137)**, another inventor involved therein | |
| establishes, to the extent permitted in section **[104](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1fbe1_197a5_8)**, that before | |
| such person’s invention thereof the invention was made by such other inventor and not | |
| abandoned, suppressed, or concealed, or (2) before such person’s invention thereof, the | |
| invention was made in this country by another inventor who had not abandoned, suppressed, or | |
| concealed it. In determining priority of invention under this subsection, there shall be | |
| considered not only the respective dates of conception and reduction to practice of the | |
| invention, but also the reasonable diligence of one who was first to conceive and last to | |
| reduce to practice, from a time prior to conception by the other. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * This form paragraph must be preceded by form | |
| paragraph **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)**, and may be preceded by one or more of form | |
| paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** to **[7.13.fti](#fp7.13.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.15.fti Rejection, Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(a), (b) Patent or Publication, | |
| and (g) | |
| Claim(s) **[1]** is/are rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)****[2]** as being **[3]** by **[4]**. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. In bracket 2, insert the appropriate paragraph letter or letters | |
| of **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** in parentheses. If paragraph (e) of **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302383)** is applicable, use form paragraph **[7.15.01.fti](#fp7.15.01.fti)**, | |
| **[7.15.02.fti](#fp7.15.02.fti)** or **[7.15.03.fti](#fp7.15.03.fti)**. | |
| * 2. In bracket 3, insert either --clearly anticipated-- or | |
| --anticipated-- with an explanation at the end of the paragraph. | |
| * 3. In bracket 4, insert the prior art relied upon. | |
| * 4. This rejection must be preceded either by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti )** | |
| and form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)**, **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**, and | |
| **[7.14.fti](#fp7.14.fti)** | |
| as appropriate, or by form paragraph **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 5. If **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** is also | |
| being applied, this form paragraph must be followed by either form paragraph | |
| **[7.15.01.fti](#fp7.15.01.fti)**, **[7.15.02.fti](#fp7.15.02.fti)** or | |
| **[7.15.03.fti](#fp7.15.03.fti)**. | |
| * 6. For applications with an actual filing date on or after March 16, | |
| 2013, that claim priority to, or the benefit of, an application filed before March 16, | |
| 2013, this form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph **[7.06](#fp7.06)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.15.01.fti Provisional Rejection, Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e) - Common | |
| Assignee, Common Applicant, or At Least One Common Joint Inventor | |
| Claim(s) **[1]** is/are provisionally rejected under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** as being anticipated by copending Application No. **[2]** which has a common **[3]** with the instant application. | |
| Based upon the earlier effective U.S. filing date of the copending | |
| application, it would constitute prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**, if published | |
| under **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 122(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303063)** or patented. This provisional rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** | |
| is based upon a presumption of future publication or patenting of the copending application. | |
| **[4]**. | |
| This provisional rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** might be overcome | |
| either by a showing under **[37 | |
| CFR 1.132](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e323552)** that any invention disclosed but not claimed in the copending | |
| application was derived from the inventor of this application and is thus not the invention | |
| "by another," or by an appropriate showing under **[37 CFR 1.131(a)](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#aia_d0e323512)**. | |
| This rejection may not be overcome by the filing of a terminal | |
| disclaimer. See *In re Bartfeld*, 925 F.2d 1450, 17 USPQ2d 1885 (Fed. Cir. | |
| 1991). | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph is used to provisionally reject over a | |
| copending application with an earlier filing date that discloses the claimed invention | |
| which has not been published under **[35 U.S.C. 122](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303054)**. The copending | |
| application must have either a common assignee, a common applicant (**[35 U.S.C. 118](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302910912)**), | |
| or at least one common joint inventor. | |
| * 2. Use **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** as amended | |
| by the American Inventors Protection Act (AIPA) and the Intellectual Property and High | |
| Technology Technical Amendments Act of 2002 (form paragraph **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**) to determine the copending | |
| application’s prior art date, unless the copending application is based directly, or | |
| indirectly, from an international application which has an international filing date | |
| prior to November 29, 2000. If the copending application is either a national stage of | |
| an international application (application under **[35 U.S.C. 371](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307164)**) which has an | |
| international filing date prior to November 29, 2000, or a continuing application | |
| claiming benefit under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** to an international | |
| application having an international filing date prior to November 29, 2000, use | |
| **[pre-AIPA | |
| 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](s2139.html#ch700_d222ef_29c79_2c1)** (form paragraph **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**). See the Examiner | |
| Notes for form paragraphs **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)** and **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.21.01.fti)** to assist in the | |
| determination of the reference’s **[35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date. | |
| * 3. If the claims would have been obvious over the invention | |
| disclosed in the other copending application, use form paragraph | |
| **[7.21.01.fti](#fp7.21.01.fti)**. | |
| * 4. In bracket 3, insert --assignee--, --applicant--, or --joint | |
| inventor--. | |
| * 5. In bracket 4, an appropriate explanation may be provided in | |
| support of the examiner’s position on anticipation, if necessary. | |
| * 6. Under **[35 U.S.C. 101](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302376)**, two patents are not | |
| permitted to issue on identical subject matter. Any claims in the instant application | |
| directed to the same invention claimed in the reference should be provisionally rejected | |
| using form paragraphs **[8.30](#fp8.30)** and **[8.32](#fp8.32)**. Additionally, the applicant should be required to | |
| amend or cancel claims such that the applied reference and the instant application no | |
| longer contain claims directed to the same invention using form paragraph | |
| **[8.27.fti](#fp8.27.fti)**. | |
| * 7. Any claims in the instant application that are directed to | |
| subject matter that is not patentably distinct from an invention claimed in the | |
| reference should be rejected (or provisionally rejected if the reference has not yet | |
| issued as a patent) on the grounds of nonstatutory double patenting using form paragraph | |
| **[8.33](#fp8.33)** and at | |
| least one of form paragraphs **[8.34](#fp8.34)** - **[8.39](#fp8.39)**. | |
| * 8. If evidence is additionally of record to show that either | |
| invention is prior art to the other under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302420)** or | |
| **[(g)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302424)**, a rejection using form paragraphs | |
| **[7.13.fti](#fp7.13.fti)** and/or **[7.14.fti](#fp7.14.fti)** should also be made. | |
| * 9. For applications with an actual filing date on or after March | |
| 16, 2013 that claim priority to, or the benefit of, an application filed before March | |
| 16, 2013, this form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.06](#fp7.06)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.15.02.fti Rejection, Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e), Common Assignee, | |
| Applicant, or Joint Inventor | |
| Claim(s) **[1]** is/are rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** | |
| as being anticipated by **[2]**. | |
| The applied reference has a common **[3]** with the instant | |
| application. Based upon the earlier effective U.S. filing date of the reference, it | |
| constitutes prior art under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. This rejection under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** | |
| might be overcome either by a showing under **[37 CFR 1.132](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#d0e323552)** that any invention disclosed | |
| but not claimed in the reference was derived from the inventor or joint inventors (i.e., the | |
| inventive entity) of this application and is thus not the invention "by another," or if the | |
| same invention is not being claimed, by an appropriate showing under **[37 CFR 1.131(a)](mpep-9020-appx-r.html#aia_d0e323512)**. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph is used to reject over a patent or patent | |
| application publication with an earlier effective filing date. The patent or patent | |
| application publication must have either a common assignee, a common applicant | |
| (**[35 U.S.C. | |
| 118](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302910912)**), or a common joint inventor. | |
| * 2. **[Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** as amended by the American Inventors Protection Act of 1999 | |
| (AIPA) and the Intellectual Property and High Technology Technical Amendments Act of | |
| 2002 (form paragraph **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**) must be applied if the reference is by | |
| another and is one of the following: | |
| + a U.S. patent or a publication of a U.S. application for | |
| patent filed under **[35 U.S.C. 111(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302678)**; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued directly or indirectly from, or a U.S. | |
| or WIPO publication of, **an international application (PCT) if the international | |
| application has an international filing date on or after November 29, | |
| 2000**; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued from, or a WIPO publication of, an | |
| international design application that designates the United States.See the Examiner Notes for form paragraph | |
| **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)** | |
| to assist in the determination of the **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date of the | |
| reference. | |
| * 3. **[Pre-AIPA | |
| 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** (form paragraph **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**) must be applied if | |
| the reference is a U.S. patent issued directly, or indirectly, from an international | |
| application filed prior to November 29, 2000. See the Examiner Notes for form paragraph | |
| **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)** to assist in the determination of the | |
| **[pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date of the | |
| reference. | |
| * 4. In determining the **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date, | |
| consider benefit claims to earlier-filed U.S. provisional applications under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)**, and to earlier-filed U.S. nonprovisional applications and | |
| international applications under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040912)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** if the subject matter used to | |
| make the rejection is appropriately supported in the relied upon earlier-filed | |
| application’s disclosure (and any intermediate application(s)). A benefit claim to a | |
| U.S. patent of an earlier-filed international application, which has an international | |
| filing date prior to November 29, 2000, may only result in an effective U.S. filing date | |
| as of the date the requirements of **[35 U.S.C. 371(c)(1)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307187)**, | |
| **[(2)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307194)** and **[(4)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307205)** were fulfilled. Do NOT consider | |
| any benefit claims to U.S. applications which are filed before an international | |
| application that has an international filing date prior to November 29, 2000. Do NOT | |
| consider foreign priority claims under **[35 U.S.C. 119(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926pre)** - **[(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926pre)**, | |
| **[365(a) or | |
| (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307039)**, or **[386(a) or (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a27_324)**. | |
| In addition, a reference (i.e., a U.S. patent, published U.S. | |
| patent application, or WIPO publication) is entitled to the benefit of the filing date | |
| of a provisional application only if at least one of the claims in the reference is | |
| supported by the written description of the provisional application in compliance with | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824)**, first paragraph or **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 112(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_2ae60_3d5)**. See *Dynamic Drinkware, LLC, v. National Graphics, | |
| Inc.,* 800 F.3d 1375, 116 USPQ2d 1045 (Fed. Cir. 2015) and *Amgen v. | |
| Sanofi*, 872 F.3d 1367, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2017). | |
| * 5. If the reference is a publication of an international application | |
| (PCT), including voluntary U.S. publication under **[35 U.S.C. 122](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303054)** of the national stage | |
| or a WIPO PCT publication, that has an international filing date prior to November 29, | |
| 2000, did not designate the United States or was not published in English by WIPO, do | |
| not use this form paragraph. Such a reference is not a prior art reference under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. The reference may be applied under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** or **[(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** as of its publication date. See | |
| form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**. | |
| * 6. In bracket 3, insert --assignee--, --applicant--, or --joint | |
| inventor--. | |
| * 7. This form paragraph must be preceded by either of form | |
| paragraphs **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)** or **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**. | |
| * 8. Patent application publications may only be used if this form | |
| paragraph was preceded by form paragraph **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**. | |
| * 9. For applications with an actual filing date on or after March | |
| 16, 2013, that claim priority to, or the benefit of, an application filed before March | |
| 16, 2013, this form paragraph must be preceded by form paragraph | |
| **[7.06](#fp7.06)**. | |
| * 10. Under **[35 U.S.C. 101](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302376)**, two patents are not | |
| permitted to issue on identical subject matter. Any claims in the instant application | |
| directed to the same invention claimed in the reference should be rejected (or | |
| provisionally rejected if the reference has not yet issued as a patent) using form | |
| paragraphs **[8.30](#fp8.30)** | |
| - **[8.32](#fp8.32)**. | |
| Additionally, the applicant should be required to resolve any issue of priority under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(g)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302424)** and possibly **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302420)** using form | |
| paragraph **[8.27.fti](#fp8.27.fti)**. See **[MPEP § 804](s804.html#d0e98894)**, subsection II.A. | |
| * 11. Any claims in the instant application that are directed to | |
| subject matter that is not patentably distinct from an invention claimed in the | |
| reference should be rejected (or provisionally rejected if the reference has not yet | |
| issued as a patent) on the grounds of nonstatutory double patenting using form paragraph | |
| **[8.33](#fp8.33)** and at | |
| least one of form paragraphs **[8.34](#fp8.34)** - **[8.39](#fp8.39)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.15.03.fti Rejection, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e), No Common Assignee or | |
| Inventor(s) | |
| Claim(s) **[1]** is/are rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** | |
| as being **[2]** by **[3]**. | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph is used to reject over a patent or patent | |
| application publication with an earlier filing date. The patent or patent application | |
| publication is not required to have a common assignee or a common inventor. | |
| * 2. **[Pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** as amended by the American Inventors Protection Act of 1999 | |
| (AIPA) and the Intellectual Property and High Technology Technical Amendments Act of | |
| 2002 (form paragraph **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**) must be applied if the reference is one of | |
| the following: | |
| + a U.S. patent or a publication of a U.S. application for | |
| patent filed under **[35 U.S.C. 111(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302678aia)**; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued directly or indirectly from, or a U.S. or | |
| WIPO publication of, an international application (PCT) if the international | |
| application has an international filing date on or after November 29, 2000; | |
| + a U.S. patent issued from, or a WIPO publication of, an | |
| international design application that designates the United States.See the Examiner Notes for form paragraph | |
| **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)** | |
| to assist in the determination of the **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date of the | |
| reference. | |
| * 3. **[Pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** (form paragraph **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**) must be applied if | |
| the reference is a U.S. patent issued directly, or indirectly, from an international | |
| application filed prior to November 29, 2000. See the Examiner Notes for form paragraph | |
| **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)** to assist in the determination of the pre-AIPA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(e) date of the reference. | |
| * 4. In determining the **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)** date, | |
| consider benefit claims to earlier-filed U.S. provisional applications under | |
| **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 119(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302951)**, and to earlier-filed U.S. nonprovisional applications and | |
| international applications under **[35 U.S.C. 120](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303023313p)**, **[121](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303040)**, | |
| **[365(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307053)**, or **[386(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a9c_1b3)** if the subject matter used to | |
| make the rejection is appropriately supported in the relied upon earlier-filed | |
| application’s disclosure (and any intermediate application(s)). A benefit claim to a | |
| U.S. patent of an earlier-filed international application, which has an international | |
| filing date prior to November 29, 2000, may only result in an effective U.S. filing date | |
| as of the date the requirements of **[35 U.S.C. 371(c)(1)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307187)**, | |
| **[(2)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307194)** and **[(4)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307205)** were fulfilled. Do NOT consider | |
| any benefit claims to U.S. applications which are filed before an international | |
| application that has an international filing date prior to November 29, 2000. Do NOT | |
| consider foreign priority claims under **[35 U.S.C. 119(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926pre)** - **[(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302926pre)**, | |
| **[365(a) or | |
| (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e307039)**, or **[35 U.S.C. 386(a) or (b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d225a2_29a27_324)**. | |
| In addition, a reference (i.e., a U.S. patent, published U.S. | |
| patent application, or WIPO publication) is entitled to the benefit of the filing date | |
| of a provisional application only if at least one of the claims in the reference is | |
| supported by the written description of the provisional application in compliance with | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 112](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302824)**, first paragraph or **[35 U.S.C. | |
| 112(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_2ae60_3d5)**. See *Dynamic Drinkware, LLC, v. National Graphics, | |
| Inc.,* 800 F.3d 1375, 116 USPQ2d 1045 (Fed. Cir. 2015) and *Amgen v. | |
| Sanofi*, 872 F.3d 1367, 1380 (Fed. Cir. 2017). | |
| * 5. If the reference is a publication of an international | |
| application (PCT), including voluntary U.S. publication under **[35 U.S.C. 122](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e303054)** of | |
| the national stage or a WIPO (PCT) publication, that has an international filing date | |
| prior to November 29, 2000, did not designate the United States or was not published in | |
| English by WIPO, do not use this form paragraph. Such a reference is not a prior art | |
| reference under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(e)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302407)**. The reference may be applied under | |
| **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(a)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302391)** or **[(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** as of its publication date. See | |
| form paragraphs **[7.08.fti](#fp7.08.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)**. | |
| * 6. In bracket 2, insert either --clearly anticipated-- or | |
| --anticipated-- with an explanation at the end of the paragraph. | |
| * 7. In bracket 3, insert the prior art relied upon. | |
| * 8. This form paragraph must be preceded by either of form paragraphs | |
| **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)** or **[7.12.01.fti](#fp7.12.01.fti)**. | |
| * 9. Patent application publications may only be used if this form | |
| paragraph was preceded by form paragraph **[7.12.fti](#fp7.12.fti)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.16.fti Rejection, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(b), Public Use or on | |
| Sale | |
| Claim **[1]** rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(b)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302395)** based upon a public use or sale of the invention. | |
| **[2]** | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph must be preceded either by form | |
| paragraphs **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)** and **[7.09.fti](#fp7.09.fti)** or by form paragraph | |
| **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 2. A full explanation of the evidence establishing a | |
| public use or sale must be provided in bracket 2. | |
| # ¶ 7.17.fti Rejection, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(c), Abandonment of | |
| Invention | |
| Claim **[1]** rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(c)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302399)** | |
| because the invention has been abandoned. **[2]** | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph must be preceded either by form paragraph | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)** | |
| and **[7.10.fti](#fp7.10.fti)** or by form paragraph **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 2. In bracket 2, insert a full explanation of the evidence | |
| establishing abandonment of the invention. See **[MPEP § 2134](s2134.html#d0e205168)**. | |
| # ¶ 7.18.fti Rejection, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(d), Foreign | |
| Patenting | |
| Claim **[1]** rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. | |
| 102(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11ecb_1d1)** as being barred by applicants **[2]**. **[3]** | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This form paragraph must be preceded either by form paragraphs | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)** | |
| and **[7.11.fti](#fp7.11.fti)** | |
| or by form paragraph **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 2. In bracket 3, insert an explanation of this rejection which must | |
| include appropriate dates and how they make the foreign patent available under | |
| **[pre-AIA | |
| 35 U.S.C. 102(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11ecb_1d1)**. | |
| * 3. Refer to **[MPEP § 2135](s2135.html#d0e205278)** for applicable | |
| **[pre-AIA | |
| 35 U.S.C. 102(d)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#al_d1d85b_11ecb_1d1)** prior art. | |
| # ¶ 7.19.fti Rejection, pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f), Applicant Not the | |
| Inventor | |
| Claim **[1]** is/are rejected under **[pre-AIA 35 U.S.C. 102(f)](mpep-9015-appx-l.html#d0e302420)** | |
| because the applicant did not invent the claimed subject matter. **[2]** | |
| ### Examiner Note: | |
| * 1. This paragraph must be preceded either by paragraphs | |
| **[7.07.fti](#fp7.07.fti)** | |
| and **[7.13.fti](#fp7.13.fti)** | |
| or by paragraph **[7.103](#fp7.103)**. | |
| * 2. In bracket 2, insert an explanation of the supporting evidence establishing that | |
| applicant was not the inventor. See **[MPEP § 2137](s2137.html#d0e206570)**. | |
| ] |