---
base_model: intfloat/multilingual-e5-small
datasets: []
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy
- cosine_accuracy_threshold
- cosine_f1
- cosine_f1_threshold
- cosine_precision
- cosine_recall
- cosine_ap
- dot_accuracy
- dot_accuracy_threshold
- dot_f1
- dot_f1_threshold
- dot_precision
- dot_recall
- dot_ap
- manhattan_accuracy
- manhattan_accuracy_threshold
- manhattan_f1
- manhattan_f1_threshold
- manhattan_precision
- manhattan_recall
- manhattan_ap
- euclidean_accuracy
- euclidean_accuracy_threshold
- euclidean_f1
- euclidean_f1_threshold
- euclidean_precision
- euclidean_recall
- euclidean_ap
- max_accuracy
- max_accuracy_threshold
- max_f1
- max_f1_threshold
- max_precision
- max_recall
- max_ap
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:1273
- loss:OnlineContrastiveLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: Where can I buy organic vegetables?
  sentences:
  - Primary export product of Saudi Arabia
  - Share info about Amazon
  - Where can I buy organic fruits?
- source_sentence: How to open a bank account in the UK?
  sentences:
  - Steps to open a bank account in the United Kingdom
  - How many weeks in a month?
  - What is the process for turning in an expense report?
- source_sentence: What is the population of Tokyo?
  sentences:
  - What is the smallest planet in the solar system?
  - Author of the play 'Hamlet'
  - What is the population of Osaka?
- source_sentence: How to visit the Great Wall of China?
  sentences:
  - Where can I buy a new laptop?
  - How do I close a bank account?
  - Guide to visiting the Great Wall of China
- source_sentence: Who is the President of the United States?
  sentences:
  - What is the velocity of sound?
  - Who is the current US President?
  - History of the Byzantine Empire
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on intfloat/multilingual-e5-small
  results:
  - task:
      type: binary-classification
      name: Binary Classification
    dataset:
      name: pair class dev
      type: pair-class-dev
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy
      value: 0.6206896551724138
      name: Cosine Accuracy
    - type: cosine_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.9036016464233398
      name: Cosine Accuracy Threshold
    - type: cosine_f1
      value: 0.7192575406032483
      name: Cosine F1
    - type: cosine_f1_threshold
      value: 0.9036016464233398
      name: Cosine F1 Threshold
    - type: cosine_precision
      value: 0.5827067669172933
      name: Cosine Precision
    - type: cosine_recall
      value: 0.9393939393939394
      name: Cosine Recall
    - type: cosine_ap
      value: 0.6366493234478966
      name: Cosine Ap
    - type: dot_accuracy
      value: 0.6206896551724138
      name: Dot Accuracy
    - type: dot_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.9036016464233398
      name: Dot Accuracy Threshold
    - type: dot_f1
      value: 0.7192575406032483
      name: Dot F1
    - type: dot_f1_threshold
      value: 0.9036016464233398
      name: Dot F1 Threshold
    - type: dot_precision
      value: 0.5827067669172933
      name: Dot Precision
    - type: dot_recall
      value: 0.9393939393939394
      name: Dot Recall
    - type: dot_ap
      value: 0.6366493234478966
      name: Dot Ap
    - type: manhattan_accuracy
      value: 0.6175548589341693
      name: Manhattan Accuracy
    - type: manhattan_accuracy_threshold
      value: 6.501791000366211
      name: Manhattan Accuracy Threshold
    - type: manhattan_f1
      value: 0.7232142857142857
      name: Manhattan F1
    - type: manhattan_f1_threshold
      value: 7.142887115478516
      name: Manhattan F1 Threshold
    - type: manhattan_precision
      value: 0.5724381625441696
      name: Manhattan Precision
    - type: manhattan_recall
      value: 0.9818181818181818
      name: Manhattan Recall
    - type: manhattan_ap
      value: 0.64137074777591
      name: Manhattan Ap
    - type: euclidean_accuracy
      value: 0.6206896551724138
      name: Euclidean Accuracy
    - type: euclidean_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.43908166885375977
      name: Euclidean Accuracy Threshold
    - type: euclidean_f1
      value: 0.7192575406032483
      name: Euclidean F1
    - type: euclidean_f1_threshold
      value: 0.43908166885375977
      name: Euclidean F1 Threshold
    - type: euclidean_precision
      value: 0.5827067669172933
      name: Euclidean Precision
    - type: euclidean_recall
      value: 0.9393939393939394
      name: Euclidean Recall
    - type: euclidean_ap
      value: 0.6366493234478966
      name: Euclidean Ap
    - type: max_accuracy
      value: 0.6206896551724138
      name: Max Accuracy
    - type: max_accuracy_threshold
      value: 6.501791000366211
      name: Max Accuracy Threshold
    - type: max_f1
      value: 0.7232142857142857
      name: Max F1
    - type: max_f1_threshold
      value: 7.142887115478516
      name: Max F1 Threshold
    - type: max_precision
      value: 0.5827067669172933
      name: Max Precision
    - type: max_recall
      value: 0.9818181818181818
      name: Max Recall
    - type: max_ap
      value: 0.64137074777591
      name: Max Ap
  - task:
      type: binary-classification
      name: Binary Classification
    dataset:
      name: pair class test
      type: pair-class-test
    metrics:
    - type: cosine_accuracy
      value: 0.8934169278996865
      name: Cosine Accuracy
    - type: cosine_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.7770164012908936
      name: Cosine Accuracy Threshold
    - type: cosine_f1
      value: 0.9034090909090907
      name: Cosine F1
    - type: cosine_f1_threshold
      value: 0.7750071287155151
      name: Cosine F1 Threshold
    - type: cosine_precision
      value: 0.8502673796791443
      name: Cosine Precision
    - type: cosine_recall
      value: 0.9636363636363636
      name: Cosine Recall
    - type: cosine_ap
      value: 0.9467412947017336
      name: Cosine Ap
    - type: dot_accuracy
      value: 0.8934169278996865
      name: Dot Accuracy
    - type: dot_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.7770164012908936
      name: Dot Accuracy Threshold
    - type: dot_f1
      value: 0.9034090909090907
      name: Dot F1
    - type: dot_f1_threshold
      value: 0.7750071287155151
      name: Dot F1 Threshold
    - type: dot_precision
      value: 0.8502673796791443
      name: Dot Precision
    - type: dot_recall
      value: 0.9636363636363636
      name: Dot Recall
    - type: dot_ap
      value: 0.9467412947017336
      name: Dot Ap
    - type: manhattan_accuracy
      value: 0.890282131661442
      name: Manhattan Accuracy
    - type: manhattan_accuracy_threshold
      value: 9.908584594726562
      name: Manhattan Accuracy Threshold
    - type: manhattan_f1
      value: 0.9002849002849003
      name: Manhattan F1
    - type: manhattan_f1_threshold
      value: 10.437429428100586
      name: Manhattan F1 Threshold
    - type: manhattan_precision
      value: 0.8494623655913979
      name: Manhattan Precision
    - type: manhattan_recall
      value: 0.9575757575757575
      name: Manhattan Recall
    - type: manhattan_ap
      value: 0.9451852140210413
      name: Manhattan Ap
    - type: euclidean_accuracy
      value: 0.8934169278996865
      name: Euclidean Accuracy
    - type: euclidean_accuracy_threshold
      value: 0.6678076386451721
      name: Euclidean Accuracy Threshold
    - type: euclidean_f1
      value: 0.9034090909090907
      name: Euclidean F1
    - type: euclidean_f1_threshold
      value: 0.6708062887191772
      name: Euclidean F1 Threshold
    - type: euclidean_precision
      value: 0.8502673796791443
      name: Euclidean Precision
    - type: euclidean_recall
      value: 0.9636363636363636
      name: Euclidean Recall
    - type: euclidean_ap
      value: 0.9467412947017336
      name: Euclidean Ap
    - type: max_accuracy
      value: 0.8934169278996865
      name: Max Accuracy
    - type: max_accuracy_threshold
      value: 9.908584594726562
      name: Max Accuracy Threshold
    - type: max_f1
      value: 0.9034090909090907
      name: Max F1
    - type: max_f1_threshold
      value: 10.437429428100586
      name: Max F1 Threshold
    - type: max_precision
      value: 0.8502673796791443
      name: Max Precision
    - type: max_recall
      value: 0.9636363636363636
      name: Max Recall
    - type: max_ap
      value: 0.9467412947017336
      name: Max Ap
---

# SentenceTransformer based on intfloat/multilingual-e5-small

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [intfloat/multilingual-e5-small](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-small). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

## Model Details

### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [intfloat/multilingual-e5-small](https://huggingface.co/intfloat/multilingual-e5-small) <!-- at revision fd1525a9fd15316a2d503bf26ab031a61d056e98 -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 384 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->

### Model Sources

- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)

### Full Model Architecture

```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 384, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
  (2): Normalize()
)
```

## Usage

### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("srikarvar/fine_tuned_model_4")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Who is the President of the United States?',
    'Who is the current US President?',
    'What is the velocity of sound?',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 384]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```

<!--
### Direct Usage (Transformers)

<details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary>

</details>
-->

<!--
### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers)

You can finetune this model on your own dataset.

<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

</details>
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<!--
### Out-of-Scope Use

*List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.*
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## Evaluation

### Metrics

#### Binary Classification
* Dataset: `pair-class-dev`
* Evaluated with [<code>BinaryClassificationEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.BinaryClassificationEvaluator)

| Metric                       | Value      |
|:-----------------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy              | 0.6207     |
| cosine_accuracy_threshold    | 0.9036     |
| cosine_f1                    | 0.7193     |
| cosine_f1_threshold          | 0.9036     |
| cosine_precision             | 0.5827     |
| cosine_recall                | 0.9394     |
| cosine_ap                    | 0.6366     |
| dot_accuracy                 | 0.6207     |
| dot_accuracy_threshold       | 0.9036     |
| dot_f1                       | 0.7193     |
| dot_f1_threshold             | 0.9036     |
| dot_precision                | 0.5827     |
| dot_recall                   | 0.9394     |
| dot_ap                       | 0.6366     |
| manhattan_accuracy           | 0.6176     |
| manhattan_accuracy_threshold | 6.5018     |
| manhattan_f1                 | 0.7232     |
| manhattan_f1_threshold       | 7.1429     |
| manhattan_precision          | 0.5724     |
| manhattan_recall             | 0.9818     |
| manhattan_ap                 | 0.6414     |
| euclidean_accuracy           | 0.6207     |
| euclidean_accuracy_threshold | 0.4391     |
| euclidean_f1                 | 0.7193     |
| euclidean_f1_threshold       | 0.4391     |
| euclidean_precision          | 0.5827     |
| euclidean_recall             | 0.9394     |
| euclidean_ap                 | 0.6366     |
| max_accuracy                 | 0.6207     |
| max_accuracy_threshold       | 6.5018     |
| max_f1                       | 0.7232     |
| max_f1_threshold             | 7.1429     |
| max_precision                | 0.5827     |
| max_recall                   | 0.9818     |
| **max_ap**                   | **0.6414** |

#### Binary Classification
* Dataset: `pair-class-test`
* Evaluated with [<code>BinaryClassificationEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.BinaryClassificationEvaluator)

| Metric                       | Value      |
|:-----------------------------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy              | 0.8934     |
| cosine_accuracy_threshold    | 0.777      |
| cosine_f1                    | 0.9034     |
| cosine_f1_threshold          | 0.775      |
| cosine_precision             | 0.8503     |
| cosine_recall                | 0.9636     |
| cosine_ap                    | 0.9467     |
| dot_accuracy                 | 0.8934     |
| dot_accuracy_threshold       | 0.777      |
| dot_f1                       | 0.9034     |
| dot_f1_threshold             | 0.775      |
| dot_precision                | 0.8503     |
| dot_recall                   | 0.9636     |
| dot_ap                       | 0.9467     |
| manhattan_accuracy           | 0.8903     |
| manhattan_accuracy_threshold | 9.9086     |
| manhattan_f1                 | 0.9003     |
| manhattan_f1_threshold       | 10.4374    |
| manhattan_precision          | 0.8495     |
| manhattan_recall             | 0.9576     |
| manhattan_ap                 | 0.9452     |
| euclidean_accuracy           | 0.8934     |
| euclidean_accuracy_threshold | 0.6678     |
| euclidean_f1                 | 0.9034     |
| euclidean_f1_threshold       | 0.6708     |
| euclidean_precision          | 0.8503     |
| euclidean_recall             | 0.9636     |
| euclidean_ap                 | 0.9467     |
| max_accuracy                 | 0.8934     |
| max_accuracy_threshold       | 9.9086     |
| max_f1                       | 0.9034     |
| max_f1_threshold             | 10.4374    |
| max_precision                | 0.8503     |
| max_recall                   | 0.9636     |
| **max_ap**                   | **0.9467** |

<!--
## Bias, Risks and Limitations

*What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.*
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<!--
### Recommendations

*What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.*
-->

## Training Details

### Training Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 1,273 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>label</code>, and <code>sentence2</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence1                                                                         | label                                           | sentence2                                                                         |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | int                                             | string                                                                            |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.93 tokens</li><li>max: 28 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>0: ~48.90%</li><li>1: ~51.10%</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 5 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.29 tokens</li><li>max: 22 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence1                                                                     | label          | sentence2                                                             |
  |:------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>What are the main ingredients in a traditional pizza Margherita?</code> | <code>1</code> | <code>What ingredients are used in a classic pizza Margherita?</code> |
  | <code>Release date of the iPhone 14</code>                                    | <code>0</code> | <code>Release date of the iPhone 13</code>                            |
  | <code>Who won the first Nobel Prize in Literature?</code>                     | <code>0</code> | <code>Who won the first Nobel Prize in Peace?</code>                  |
* Loss: [<code>OnlineContrastiveLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#onlinecontrastiveloss)

### Evaluation Dataset

#### Unnamed Dataset


* Size: 319 evaluation samples
* Columns: <code>sentence1</code>, <code>label</code>, and <code>sentence2</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
  |         | sentence1                                                                         | label                                           | sentence2                                                                         |
  |:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
  | type    | string                                                                            | int                                             | string                                                                            |
  | details | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 11.12 tokens</li><li>max: 22 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>0: ~48.28%</li><li>1: ~51.72%</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.52 tokens</li><li>max: 21 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
  | sentence1                                                      | label          | sentence2                                                    |
  |:---------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------|
  | <code>How many bones are in the human body?</code>             | <code>1</code> | <code>Total bones in an adult human</code>                   |
  | <code>What is the price of an iPhone 12?</code>                | <code>0</code> | <code>What is the price of an iPhone 11?</code>              |
  | <code>What are the different types of renewable energy?</code> | <code>1</code> | <code>What are the various forms of renewable energy?</code> |
* Loss: [<code>OnlineContrastiveLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#onlinecontrastiveloss)

### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters

- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 32
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 2
- `num_train_epochs`: 4
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates

#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>

- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: epoch
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 32
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 32
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 2
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 4
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: True
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch_fused
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`: 
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional

</details>

### Training Logs
| Epoch     | Step   | Training Loss | loss       | pair-class-dev_max_ap | pair-class-test_max_ap |
|:---------:|:------:|:-------------:|:----------:|:---------------------:|:----------------------:|
| 0         | 0      | -             | -          | 0.6414                | -                      |
| 0.5       | 10     | 1.9407        | -          | -                     | -                      |
| 1.0       | 20     | 0.9729        | 0.6810     | -                     | -                      |
| 1.475     | 30     | 0.4822        | -          | -                     | -                      |
| 1.975     | 40     | 0.4062        | -          | -                     | -                      |
| 2.025     | 41     | -             | 0.5953     | -                     | -                      |
| 2.45      | 50     | 0.2894        | -          | -                     | -                      |
| 2.95      | 60     | 0.1977        | -          | -                     | -                      |
| 3.0       | 61     | -             | 0.5318     | -                     | -                      |
| 3.425     | 70     | 0.1999        | -          | -                     | -                      |
| **3.925** | **80** | **0.1491**    | **0.5159** | **-**                 | **0.9467**             |

* The bold row denotes the saved checkpoint.

### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.41.2
- PyTorch: 2.1.2+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.32.1
- Datasets: 2.19.1
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1

## Citation

### BibTeX

#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```

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