---
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- feature-extraction
- sentence-similarity
- transformers

---

# keyphrase-mpnet-v1

This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model specialized for phrases: It maps phrases to a 768 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search. In the original paper, this model is used for calculating semantic-based evaluation metrics of keyphrase models.

This model is based on [sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2](https://huggingface.co/sentence-transformers/all-mpnet-base-v2) and further fine-tuned on 1 million keyphrase data with SimCSE.

## Citing & Authors
Paper: [KPEval: Towards Fine-grained Semantic-based Evaluation of Keyphrase Extraction and Generation Systems](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.15422)
```
@article{wu2023kpeval,
      title={KPEval: Towards Fine-grained Semantic-based Evaluation of Keyphrase Extraction and Generation Systems}, 
      author={Di Wu and Da Yin and Kai-Wei Chang},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2303.15422},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}
```

## Usage (Sentence-Transformers)

Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed:

```
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```

Then you can use the model like this:

```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
phrases = ["information retrieval", "text mining", "natural language processing"]

model = SentenceTransformer('uclanlp/keyphrase-mpnet-v1')
embeddings = model.encode(phrases)
print(embeddings)
```

## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers)
Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings.

```python
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
import torch


#Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging
def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask):
    token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings
    input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float()
    return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9)


# Sentences we want sentence embeddings for
phrases = ["information retrieval", "text mining", "natural language processing"]

# Load model from HuggingFace Hub
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('uclanlp/keyphrase-mpnet-v1')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('uclanlp/keyphrase-mpnet-v1')

# Tokenize sentences
encoded_input = tokenizer(phrases, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')

# Compute token embeddings
with torch.no_grad():
    model_output = model(**encoded_input)

# Perform pooling. In this case, mean pooling.
sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask'])

print("Phrase embeddings:")
print(sentence_embeddings)
```

## Training
The model is trained on phrases from four keyphrase datasets covering a wide range of domains.

| Dataset Name                                                | Domain        | Number of Phrases |
|-------------------------------------------------------------|---------------|-------------------|
| [KP20k](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P17-1054/)         | Science       | 715369            |
| [KPTimes](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W19-8617/)       | News          | 113456            |
| [StackEx](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.acl-main.710/) | Online Forum | 8149              |
| [OpenKP](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D19-1521/)        | Web           | 200335            |
| **Total**                                                   |               | **1030309**       |


The model was trained with the parameters:

**DataLoader**:

`torch.utils.data.dataloader.DataLoader` of length 2025 with parameters:
```
{'batch_size': 512, 'sampler': 'torch.utils.data.sampler.RandomSampler', 'batch_sampler': 'torch.utils.data.sampler.BatchSampler'}
```

**Loss**:

`sentence_transformers.losses.MultipleNegativesRankingLoss.MultipleNegativesRankingLoss` with parameters:
  ```
  {'scale': 20.0, 'similarity_fct': 'cos_sim'}
  ```

Parameters of the fit()-Method:
```
{
    "epochs": 1,
    "evaluation_steps": 0,
    "evaluator": "NoneType",
    "max_grad_norm": 1,
    "optimizer_class": "<class 'torch.optim.adamw.AdamW'>",
    "optimizer_params": {
        "lr": 1e-06
    },
    "scheduler": "WarmupLinear",
    "steps_per_epoch": null,
    "warmup_steps": 203,
    "weight_decay": 0.01
}
```

## Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 12, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: MPNetModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False})
)
```