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# Model Card for Model ID
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<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
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## Model Details
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** xlm-roberta
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- **Language(s) (NLP):**
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** xlm-roberta-base
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### Model Sources [optional]
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:**
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- **Paper [optional]:**
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Downstream Use [optional]
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Results
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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## Technical Specifications [optional]
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### Model Architecture and Objective
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[More Information Needed]
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### Compute Infrastructure
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Hardware
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Software
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[More Information Needed]
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## Citation [optional]
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<!-- If there is a paper or blog post introducing the model, the APA and Bibtex information for that should go in this section. -->
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**BibTeX:**
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[More Information Needed]
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**APA:**
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[More Information Needed]
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## Glossary [optional]
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<!-- If relevant, include terms and calculations in this section that can help readers understand the model or model card. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## More Information [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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## Model Card Authors [optional]
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pipeline_tag: fill-mask
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# NaijaXLM-T-base
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This is a XLM-Roberta-base model further pretrained on 2.2 billion Nigerian tweets, described and evaluated in the reference paper (TODO). This model was developed together with [@pvcastro](https://huggingface.co/pvcastro).
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## Model Details
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- **Model type:** xlm-roberta
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** (Nigerian) English, Nigerian Pidgin, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** xlm-roberta-base
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### Model Sources [optional]
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:** https://github.com/manueltonneau/hate_speech_nigeria
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- **Paper [optional]:** TODO
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## Training Details
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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The model was further pre-trained on 2.2 billion tweets posted between March 2007 and July 2023 and forming the timelines of 2.8 million Twitter users with a profile location in Nigeria.
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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We performed an adaptive fine tuning of XLM-R on the Nigerian Twitter dataset.
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We kept the same vocabulary as XLM-R and trained the model for one epoch, using 1\% of the dataset as validation set. The training procedure was conducted in a distributed environment, for approximately 10 days, using 4 nodes with 4 RTX 8000 GPUs each, with a total batch size of 576.
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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## BibTeX entry and citation information
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TODO
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Please cite the [reference paper](https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.27/) if you use this model.
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{barbieri-etal-2022-xlm,
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title = "{XLM}-{T}: Multilingual Language Models in {T}witter for Sentiment Analysis and Beyond",
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author = "Barbieri, Francesco and
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Espinosa Anke, Luis and
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Camacho-Collados, Jose",
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booktitle = "Proceedings of the Thirteenth Language Resources and Evaluation Conference",
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month = jun,
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year = "2022",
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address = "Marseille, France",
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publisher = "European Language Resources Association",
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url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.lrec-1.27",
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pages = "258--266",
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abstract = "Language models are ubiquitous in current NLP, and their multilingual capacity has recently attracted considerable attention. However, current analyses have almost exclusively focused on (multilingual variants of) standard benchmarks, and have relied on clean pre-training and task-specific corpora as multilingual signals. In this paper, we introduce XLM-T, a model to train and evaluate multilingual language models in Twitter. In this paper we provide: (1) a new strong multilingual baseline consisting of an XLM-R (Conneau et al. 2020) model pre-trained on millions of tweets in over thirty languages, alongside starter code to subsequently fine-tune on a target task; and (2) a set of unified sentiment analysis Twitter datasets in eight different languages and a XLM-T model trained on this dataset.",
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}
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