metadata

license: other
language:
  - en
pipeline_tag: text-classification
inference: false
tags:
  - roberta
  - generated_text_detection
  - llm_content_detection
  - AI_detection
datasets:
  - Hello-SimpleAI/HC3
  - tum-nlp/IDMGSP
library_name: transformers

SuperAnnotate Logo

SuperAnnotate

LLM Content Detector
Fine-Tuned RoBERTa Large

Description

The model designed to detect generated/synthetic text.
At the moment, such functionality is critical for determining the author of the text. It's critical for your training data, detecting fraud and cheating in scientific and educational areas.
Couple of articles about this problem: Problems with Synthetic Data | Risk of LLMs in Education

Model Details

Model Description

Model type: The custom architecture for binary sequence classification based on pre-trained RoBERTa, with a single output label.
Language(s): Primarily English.
License: SAIPL
Finetuned from model: RoBERTa Large

Model Sources

Repository: GitHub for HTTP service

Training Data

The training data was sourced from two open datasets with different proportions and underwent filtering:

HC3 | 63%
IDMGSP | 37%

As a result, the training dataset contained approximately 20k pairs of text-label with an approximate balance of classes.
It's worth noting that the dataset's texts follow a logical structure:
Human-written and model-generated texts refer to a single prompt/instruction, though the prompts themselves were not used during training.

Furthermore, key n-grams (n ranging from 2 to 5) that exhibited the highest correlation with target labels were identified and subsequently removed from the training data utilizing the chi-squared test.

Peculiarity

During training, one of the priorities was not only maximizing the quality of predictions but also avoiding overfitting and obtaining an adequately confident predictor.
We are pleased to achieve the following state of model calibration:

Usage

Pre-requirements:
Install generated_text_detector
Run following command: pip install git+https://github.com/superannotateai/[email protected]

from generated_text_detector.utils.model.roberta_classifier import RobertaClassifier
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
import torch.nn.functional as F


model = RobertaClassifier.from_pretrained("SuperAnnotate/roberta-large-llm-content-detector")
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("SuperAnnotate/roberta-large-llm-content-detector")

text_example = "It's not uncommon for people to develop allergies or intolerances to certain foods as they get older. It's possible that you have always had a sensitivity to lactose (the sugar found in milk and other dairy products), but it only recently became a problem for you. This can happen because our bodies can change over time and become more or less able to tolerate certain things. It's also possible that you have developed an allergy or intolerance to something else that is causing your symptoms, such as a food additive or preservative. In any case, it's important to talk to a doctor if you are experiencing new allergy or intolerance symptoms, so they can help determine the cause and recommend treatment."

tokens = tokenizer.encode_plus(
    text_example,
    add_special_tokens=True,
    max_length=512,
    padding='longest',
    truncation=True,
    return_token_type_ids=True,
    return_tensors="pt"
)

_, logits = model(**tokens)

proba = F.sigmoid(logits).squeeze(1).item()

print(proba)

Training Detailes

A custom architecture was chosen for its ability to perform binary classification while providing a single model output, as well as for its customizable settings for smoothing integrated into the loss function.

Training Arguments:

Base Model: FacebookAI/roberta-large
Epochs: 10
Learning Rate: 5e-04
Weight Decay: 0.05
Label Smoothing: 0.1
Warmup Epochs: 4
Optimizer: SGD
Scheduler: Linear schedule with warmup

Performance

The model was evaluated on a benchmark consisting of a holdout subset of training data, alongside a closed subset of SuperAnnotate data.
The benchmark comprises 1k samples, with 200 samples per category.
The model's performance is compared with open-source solutions and popular API detectors in the table below:

Model/API	Wikipedia	Reddit QA	SA instruction	Papers	Average
Hello-SimpleAI	0.97	0.95	0.82	0.69	0.86
RADAR	0.47	0.84	0.59	0.82	0.68
GPTZero	0.72	0.79	0.90	0.67	0.77
Originality.ai	0.91	0.97	0.77	0.93	0.89
LLM content detector	0.88	0.95	0.84	0.81	0.87