language:
- en
license: llama2
tags:
- facebook
- meta
- pytorch
- llama
- llama-2
model_name: Llama 2 7B
base_model: meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf
inference: false
model_creator: Meta
model_type: llama
pipeline_tag: text-generation
prompt_template: |
{prompt}
quantized_by: TheBloke
TheBloke's LLM work is generously supported by a grant from andreessen horowitz (a16z)
Llama 2 7B - GGUF
- Model creator: Meta
- Original model: Llama 2 7B
Description
This repo contains GGUF format model files for Meta's Llama 2 7B.
About GGUF
GGUF is a new format introduced by the llama.cpp team on August 21st 2023. It is a replacement for GGML, which is no longer supported by llama.cpp. GGUF offers numerous advantages over GGML, such as better tokenisation, and support for special tokens. It is also supports metadata, and is designed to be extensible.
Here is an incomplate list of clients and libraries that are known to support GGUF:
- llama.cpp. The source project for GGUF. Offers a CLI and a server option.
- text-generation-webui, the most widely used web UI, with many features and powerful extensions. Supports GPU acceleration.
- KoboldCpp, a fully featured web UI, with GPU accel across all platforms and GPU architectures. Especially good for story telling.
- LM Studio, an easy-to-use and powerful local GUI for Windows and macOS (Silicon), with GPU acceleration.
- LoLLMS Web UI, a great web UI with many interesting and unique features, including a full model library for easy model selection.
- Faraday.dev, an attractive and easy to use character-based chat GUI for Windows and macOS (both Silicon and Intel), with GPU acceleration.
- ctransformers, a Python library with GPU accel, LangChain support, and OpenAI-compatible AI server.
- llama-cpp-python, a Python library with GPU accel, LangChain support, and OpenAI-compatible API server.
- candle, a Rust ML framework with a focus on performance, including GPU support, and ease of use.
Repositories available
- AWQ model(s) for GPU inference.
- GPTQ models for GPU inference, with multiple quantisation parameter options.
- 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8-bit GGUF models for CPU+GPU inference
- Meta's original unquantised fp16 model in pytorch format, for GPU inference and for further conversions
Prompt template: None
{prompt}
Compatibility
These quantised GGUFv2 files are compatible with llama.cpp from August 27th onwards, as of commit d0cee0d36d5be95a0d9088b674dbb27354107221
They are also compatible with many third party UIs and libraries - please see the list at the top of this README.
Explanation of quantisation methods
Click to see details
The new methods available are:
- GGML_TYPE_Q2_K - "type-1" 2-bit quantization in super-blocks containing 16 blocks, each block having 16 weight. Block scales and mins are quantized with 4 bits. This ends up effectively using 2.5625 bits per weight (bpw)
- GGML_TYPE_Q3_K - "type-0" 3-bit quantization in super-blocks containing 16 blocks, each block having 16 weights. Scales are quantized with 6 bits. This end up using 3.4375 bpw.
- GGML_TYPE_Q4_K - "type-1" 4-bit quantization in super-blocks containing 8 blocks, each block having 32 weights. Scales and mins are quantized with 6 bits. This ends up using 4.5 bpw.
- GGML_TYPE_Q5_K - "type-1" 5-bit quantization. Same super-block structure as GGML_TYPE_Q4_K resulting in 5.5 bpw
- GGML_TYPE_Q6_K - "type-0" 6-bit quantization. Super-blocks with 16 blocks, each block having 16 weights. Scales are quantized with 8 bits. This ends up using 6.5625 bpw
Refer to the Provided Files table below to see what files use which methods, and how.
Provided files
| Name | Quant method | Bits | Size | Max RAM required | Use case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| llama-2-7b.Q2_K.gguf | Q2_K | 2 | 2.83 GB | 5.33 GB | smallest, significant quality loss - not recommended for most purposes |
| llama-2-7b.Q3_K_S.gguf | Q3_K_S | 3 | 2.95 GB | 5.45 GB | very small, high quality loss |
| llama-2-7b.Q3_K_M.gguf | Q3_K_M | 3 | 3.30 GB | 5.80 GB | very small, high quality loss |
| llama-2-7b.Q3_K_L.gguf | Q3_K_L | 3 | 3.60 GB | 6.10 GB | small, substantial quality loss |
| llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf | Q4_0 | 4 | 3.83 GB | 6.33 GB | legacy; small, very high quality loss - prefer using Q3_K_M |
| llama-2-7b.Q4_K_S.gguf | Q4_K_S | 4 | 3.86 GB | 6.36 GB | small, greater quality loss |
| llama-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf | Q4_K_M | 4 | 4.08 GB | 6.58 GB | medium, balanced quality - recommended |
| llama-2-7b.Q5_0.gguf | Q5_0 | 5 | 4.65 GB | 7.15 GB | legacy; medium, balanced quality - prefer using Q4_K_M |
| llama-2-7b.Q5_K_S.gguf | Q5_K_S | 5 | 4.65 GB | 7.15 GB | large, low quality loss - recommended |
| llama-2-7b.Q5_K_M.gguf | Q5_K_M | 5 | 4.78 GB | 7.28 GB | large, very low quality loss - recommended |
| llama-2-7b.Q6_K.gguf | Q6_K | 6 | 5.53 GB | 8.03 GB | very large, extremely low quality loss |
| llama-2-7b.Q8_0.gguf | Q8_0 | 8 | 7.16 GB | 9.66 GB | very large, extremely low quality loss - not recommended |
Note: the above RAM figures assume no GPU offloading. If layers are offloaded to the GPU, this will reduce RAM usage and use VRAM instead.
How to download GGUF files
Note for manual downloaders: You almost never want to clone the entire repo! Multiple different quantisation formats are provided, and most users only want to pick and download a single file.
The following clients/libraries will automatically download models for you, providing a list of available models to choose from:
- LM Studio
- LoLLMS Web UI
- Faraday.dev
In text-generation-webui
Under Download Model, you can enter the model repo: TheBloke/Llama-2-7B-GGUF and below it, a specific filename to download, such as: llama-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf.
Then click Download.
On the command line, including multiple files at once
I recommend using the huggingface-hub Python library:
pip3 install huggingface-hub>=0.17.1
Then you can download any individual model file to the current directory, at high speed, with a command like this:
huggingface-cli download TheBloke/Llama-2-7B-GGUF llama-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf --local-dir . --local-dir-use-symlinks False
More advanced huggingface-cli download usage
You can also download multiple files at once with a pattern:
huggingface-cli download TheBloke/Llama-2-7B-GGUF --local-dir . --local-dir-use-symlinks False --include='*Q4_K*gguf'
For more documentation on downloading with huggingface-cli, please see: HF -> Hub Python Library -> Download files -> Download from the CLI.
To accelerate downloads on fast connections (1Gbit/s or higher), install hf_transfer:
pip3 install hf_transfer
And set environment variable HF_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER to 1:
HUGGINGFACE_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER=1 huggingface-cli download TheBloke/Llama-2-7B-GGUF llama-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf --local-dir . --local-dir-use-symlinks False
Windows CLI users: Use set HUGGINGFACE_HUB_ENABLE_HF_TRANSFER=1 before running the download command.
Example llama.cpp command
Make sure you are using llama.cpp from commit d0cee0d36d5be95a0d9088b674dbb27354107221 or later.
./main -ngl 32 -m llama-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf --color -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --repeat_penalty 1.1 -n -1 -p "{prompt}"
Change -ngl 32 to the number of layers to offload to GPU. Remove it if you don't have GPU acceleration.
Change -c 4096 to the desired sequence length. For extended sequence models - eg 8K, 16K, 32K - the necessary RoPE scaling parameters are read from the GGUF file and set by llama.cpp automatically.
If you want to have a chat-style conversation, replace the -p <PROMPT> argument with -i -ins
For other parameters and how to use them, please refer to the llama.cpp documentation
How to run in text-generation-webui
Further instructions here: text-generation-webui/docs/llama.cpp.md.
How to run from Python code
You can use GGUF models from Python using the llama-cpp-python or ctransformers libraries.
How to load this model from Python using ctransformers
First install the package
# Base ctransformers with no GPU acceleration
pip install ctransformers>=0.2.24
# Or with CUDA GPU acceleration
pip install ctransformers[cuda]>=0.2.24
# Or with ROCm GPU acceleration
CT_HIPBLAS=1 pip install ctransformers>=0.2.24 --no-binary ctransformers
# Or with Metal GPU acceleration for macOS systems
CT_METAL=1 pip install ctransformers>=0.2.24 --no-binary ctransformers
Simple example code to load one of these GGUF models
from ctransformers import AutoModelForCausalLM
# Set gpu_layers to the number of layers to offload to GPU. Set to 0 if no GPU acceleration is available on your system.
llm = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("TheBloke/Llama-2-7B-GGUF", model_file="llama-2-7b.Q4_K_M.gguf", model_type="llama", gpu_layers=50)
print(llm("AI is going to"))
How to use with LangChain
Here's guides on using llama-cpp-python or ctransformers with LangChain:
Discord
For further support, and discussions on these models and AI in general, join us at:
Thanks, and how to contribute
Thanks to the chirper.ai team!
Thanks to Clay from gpus.llm-utils.org!
I've had a lot of people ask if they can contribute. I enjoy providing models and helping people, and would love to be able to spend even more time doing it, as well as expanding into new projects like fine tuning/training.
If you're able and willing to contribute it will be most gratefully received and will help me to keep providing more models, and to start work on new AI projects.
Donaters will get priority support on any and all AI/LLM/model questions and requests, access to a private Discord room, plus other benefits.
- Patreon: https://patreon.com/TheBlokeAI
- Ko-Fi: https://ko-fi.com/TheBlokeAI
Special thanks to: Aemon Algiz.
Patreon special mentions: Alicia Loh, Stephen Murray, K, Ajan Kanaga, RoA, Magnesian, Deo Leter, Olakabola, Eugene Pentland, zynix, Deep Realms, Raymond Fosdick, Elijah Stavena, Iucharbius, Erik Bjäreholt, Luis Javier Navarrete Lozano, Nicholas, theTransient, John Detwiler, alfie_i, knownsqashed, Mano Prime, Willem Michiel, Enrico Ros, LangChain4j, OG, Michael Dempsey, Pierre Kircher, Pedro Madruga, James Bentley, Thomas Belote, Luke @flexchar, Leonard Tan, Johann-Peter Hartmann, Illia Dulskyi, Fen Risland, Chadd, S_X, Jeff Scroggin, Ken Nordquist, Sean Connelly, Artur Olbinski, Swaroop Kallakuri, Jack West, Ai Maven, David Ziegler, Russ Johnson, transmissions 11, John Villwock, Alps Aficionado, Clay Pascal, Viktor Bowallius, Subspace Studios, Rainer Wilmers, Trenton Dambrowitz, vamX, Michael Levine, 준교 김, Brandon Frisco, Kalila, Trailburnt, Randy H, Talal Aujan, Nathan Dryer, Vadim, 阿明, ReadyPlayerEmma, Tiffany J. Kim, George Stoitzev, Spencer Kim, Jerry Meng, Gabriel Tamborski, Cory Kujawski, Jeffrey Morgan, Spiking Neurons AB, Edmond Seymore, Alexandros Triantafyllidis, Lone Striker, Cap'n Zoog, Nikolai Manek, danny, ya boyyy, Derek Yates, usrbinkat, Mandus, TL, Nathan LeClaire, subjectnull, Imad Khwaja, webtim, Raven Klaugh, Asp the Wyvern, Gabriel Puliatti, Caitlyn Gatomon, Joseph William Delisle, Jonathan Leane, Luke Pendergrass, SuperWojo, Sebastain Graf, Will Dee, Fred von Graf, Andrey, Dan Guido, Daniel P. Andersen, Nitin Borwankar, Elle, Vitor Caleffi, biorpg, jjj, NimbleBox.ai, Pieter, Matthew Berman, terasurfer, Michael Davis, Alex, Stanislav Ovsiannikov
Thank you to all my generous patrons and donaters!
And thank you again to a16z for their generous grant.
Original model card: Meta's Llama 2 7B
Llama 2
Llama 2 is a collection of pretrained and fine-tuned generative text models ranging in scale from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters. This is the repository for the 7B pretrained model, converted for the Hugging Face Transformers format. Links to other models can be found in the index at the bottom.
Model Details
Note: Use of this model is governed by the Meta license. In order to download the model weights and tokenizer, please visit the website and accept our License before requesting access here.
Meta developed and publicly released the Llama 2 family of large language models (LLMs), a collection of pretrained and fine-tuned generative text models ranging in scale from 7 billion to 70 billion parameters. Our fine-tuned LLMs, called Llama-2-Chat, are optimized for dialogue use cases. Llama-2-Chat models outperform open-source chat models on most benchmarks we tested, and in our human evaluations for helpfulness and safety, are on par with some popular closed-source models like ChatGPT and PaLM.
Model Developers Meta
Variations Llama 2 comes in a range of parameter sizes — 7B, 13B, and 70B — as well as pretrained and fine-tuned variations.
Input Models input text only.
Output Models generate text only.
Model Architecture Llama 2 is an auto-regressive language model that uses an optimized transformer architecture. The tuned versions use supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) to align to human preferences for helpfulness and safety.
| Training Data | Params | Content Length | GQA | Tokens | LR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Llama 2 | A new mix of publicly available online data | 7B | 4k | ✗ | 2.0T | 3.0 x 10-4 |
| Llama 2 | A new mix of publicly available online data | 13B | 4k | ✗ | 2.0T | 3.0 x 10-4 |
| Llama 2 | A new mix of publicly available online data | 70B | 4k | ✔ | 2.0T | 1.5 x 10-4 |
Llama 2 family of models. Token counts refer to pretraining data only. All models are trained with a global batch-size of 4M tokens. Bigger models - 70B -- use Grouped-Query Attention (GQA) for improved inference scalability.
Model Dates Llama 2 was trained between January 2023 and July 2023.
Status This is a static model trained on an offline dataset. Future versions of the tuned models will be released as we improve model safety with community feedback.
License A custom commercial license is available at: https://ai.meta.com/resources/models-and-libraries/llama-downloads/
Research Paper "Llama-2: Open Foundation and Fine-tuned Chat Models"
Intended Use
Intended Use Cases Llama 2 is intended for commercial and research use in English. Tuned models are intended for assistant-like chat, whereas pretrained models can be adapted for a variety of natural language generation tasks.
To get the expected features and performance for the chat versions, a specific formatting needs to be followed, including the INST and <<SYS>> tags, BOS and EOS tokens, and the whitespaces and breaklines in between (we recommend calling strip() on inputs to avoid double-spaces). See our reference code in github for details: chat_completion.
Out-of-scope Uses Use in any manner that violates applicable laws or regulations (including trade compliance laws).Use in languages other than English. Use in any other way that is prohibited by the Acceptable Use Policy and Licensing Agreement for Llama 2.
Hardware and Software
Training Factors We used custom training libraries, Meta's Research Super Cluster, and production clusters for pretraining. Fine-tuning, annotation, and evaluation were also performed on third-party cloud compute.
Carbon Footprint Pretraining utilized a cumulative 3.3M GPU hours of computation on hardware of type A100-80GB (TDP of 350-400W). Estimated total emissions were 539 tCO2eq, 100% of which were offset by Meta’s sustainability program.
| Time (GPU hours) | Power Consumption (W) | Carbon Emitted(tCO2eq) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Llama 2 7B | 184320 | 400 | 31.22 |
| Llama 2 13B | 368640 | 400 | 62.44 |
| Llama 2 70B | 1720320 | 400 | 291.42 |
| Total | 3311616 | 539.00 |
CO2 emissions during pretraining. Time: total GPU time required for training each model. Power Consumption: peak power capacity per GPU device for the GPUs used adjusted for power usage efficiency. 100% of the emissions are directly offset by Meta's sustainability program, and because we are openly releasing these models, the pretraining costs do not need to be incurred by others.
Training Data
Overview Llama 2 was pretrained on 2 trillion tokens of data from publicly available sources. The fine-tuning data includes publicly available instruction datasets, as well as over one million new human-annotated examples. Neither the pretraining nor the fine-tuning datasets include Meta user data.
Data Freshness The pretraining data has a cutoff of September 2022, but some tuning data is more recent, up to July 2023.
Evaluation Results
In this section, we report the results for the Llama 1 and Llama 2 models on standard academic benchmarks.For all the evaluations, we use our internal evaluations library.
| Model | Size | Code | Commonsense Reasoning | World Knowledge | Reading Comprehension | Math | MMLU | BBH | AGI Eval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Llama 1 | 7B | 14.1 | 60.8 | 46.2 | 58.5 | 6.95 | 35.1 | 30.3 | 23.9 |
| Llama 1 | 13B | 18.9 | 66.1 | 52.6 | 62.3 | 10.9 | 46.9 | 37.0 | 33.9 |
| Llama 1 | 33B | 26.0 | 70.0 | 58.4 | 67.6 | 21.4 | 57.8 | 39.8 | 41.7 |
| Llama 1 | 65B | 30.7 | 70.7 | 60.5 | 68.6 | 30.8 | 63.4 | 43.5 | 47.6 |
| Llama 2 | 7B | 16.8 | 63.9 | 48.9 | 61.3 | 14.6 | 45.3 | 32.6 | 29.3 |
| Llama 2 | 13B | 24.5 | 66.9 | 55.4 | 65.8 | 28.7 | 54.8 | 39.4 | 39.1 |
| Llama 2 | 70B | 37.5 | 71.9 | 63.6 | 69.4 | 35.2 | 68.9 | 51.2 | 54.2 |
Overall performance on grouped academic benchmarks. Code: We report the average pass@1 scores of our models on HumanEval and MBPP. Commonsense Reasoning: We report the average of PIQA, SIQA, HellaSwag, WinoGrande, ARC easy and challenge, OpenBookQA, and CommonsenseQA. We report 7-shot results for CommonSenseQA and 0-shot results for all other benchmarks. World Knowledge: We evaluate the 5-shot performance on NaturalQuestions and TriviaQA and report the average. Reading Comprehension: For reading comprehension, we report the 0-shot average on SQuAD, QuAC, and BoolQ. MATH: We report the average of the GSM8K (8 shot) and MATH (4 shot) benchmarks at top 1.
| TruthfulQA | Toxigen | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Llama 1 | 7B | 27.42 | 23.00 |
| Llama 1 | 13B | 41.74 | 23.08 |
| Llama 1 | 33B | 44.19 | 22.57 |
| Llama 1 | 65B | 48.71 | 21.77 |
| Llama 2 | 7B | 33.29 | 21.25 |
| Llama 2 | 13B | 41.86 | 26.10 |
| Llama 2 | 70B | 50.18 | 24.60 |
Evaluation of pretrained LLMs on automatic safety benchmarks. For TruthfulQA, we present the percentage of generations that are both truthful and informative (the higher the better). For ToxiGen, we present the percentage of toxic generations (the smaller the better).
| TruthfulQA | Toxigen | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Llama-2-Chat | 7B | 57.04 | 0.00 |
| Llama-2-Chat | 13B | 62.18 | 0.00 |
| Llama-2-Chat | 70B | 64.14 | 0.01 |
Evaluation of fine-tuned LLMs on different safety datasets. Same metric definitions as above.
Ethical Considerations and Limitations
Llama 2 is a new technology that carries risks with use. Testing conducted to date has been in English, and has not covered, nor could it cover all scenarios. For these reasons, as with all LLMs, Llama 2’s potential outputs cannot be predicted in advance, and the model may in some instances produce inaccurate, biased or other objectionable responses to user prompts. Therefore, before deploying any applications of Llama 2, developers should perform safety testing and tuning tailored to their specific applications of the model.
Please see the Responsible Use Guide available at https://ai.meta.com/llama/responsible-use-guide/
Reporting Issues
Please report any software “bug,” or other problems with the models through one of the following means:
- Reporting issues with the model: github.com/facebookresearch/llama
- Reporting problematic content generated by the model: developers.facebook.com/llama_output_feedback
- Reporting bugs and security concerns: facebook.com/whitehat/info