CXRMate-ED: The Impact of Auxiliary Patient Data on Automated Chest X-Ray Report Generation and How to Incorporate It

This is the model and data pipeline for the CXRMate-ED model from: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.13181.

The abstract from the paper:

"This study investigates the integration of diverse patient data sources into multimodal language models for automated chest X-ray (CXR) report generation. Traditionally, CXR report generation relies solely on CXR images and limited radiology data, overlooking valuable information from patient health records, particularly from emergency departments. Utilising the MIMIC-CXR and MIMIC-IV-ED datasets, we incorporate detailed patient information such as aperiodic vital signs, medications, and clinical history to enhance diagnostic accuracy. We introduce a novel approach to transform these heterogeneous data sources into embeddings that prompt a multimodal language model, significantly enhancing the diagnostic accuracy of generated radiology reports. Our comprehensive evaluation demonstrates the benefits of using a broader set of patient data, underscoring the potential for enhanced diagnostic capabilities and better patient outcomes through the integration of multimodal data in CXR report generation."

MIMIC-CXR & MIMIC-IV-ED Dataset:

MIMIC-CXR, MIMIC-CXR-JPG, and MIMIC-IV-ED must be in the same Physio Net directory. E.g.:

user@cluster:~$ ls /home/user/physionet.org/files
mimic-cxr  mimic-cxr-jpg  mimic-iv-ed

Download MIMIC-CXR-JPG:

Download the MIMIC-CXR-JPG dataset from https://physionet.org/content/mimic-cxr-jpg, e.g.,

wget -r -N -c -np --user <username> --ask-password https://physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr-jpg/2.1.0/

Note that you must be a credentialised user to access this dataset.

Download the reports from MIMIC-CXR:

MIMIC-CXR-JPG does not include the radiology reports and are instead included with MIMIC-CXR (the DICOM version of the dataset). To download this dataset and avoid downloading the DICOM files (which are very large), use --reject dcm with the wget command from https://physionet.org/content/mimic-cxr, e.g,

wget -r -N -c -np --reject dcm --user <username> --ask-password https://physionet.org/files/mimic-cxr/2.0.0/

Note that you must be a credentialised user to access this dataset.

Download MIMIC-IV-ED:

Download the MIMIC-IV-ED dataset from https://physionet.org/content/mimic-iv-ed, e.g.,

wget -r -N -c -np --user <username> --ask-password https://physionet.org/files/mimic-iv-ed/2.2/

Note that you must be a credentialised user to access this dataset.

Prepare the dataset:

import transformers

# Paths:
physionet_dir = '/.../physionet.org/files'  # Where MIMIC-CXR, MIMIC-CXR-JPG, and MIMIC-IV-ED are stored.
database_dir = '/.../database/cxrmate_ed'  # The LMDB database for the JPGs and the DuckDB database for the tables will be saved here.

# Prepare the MIMIC-CXR & MIMIC-IV-ED dataset:
model = transformers.AutoModel.from_pretrained('aehrc/cxrmate-ed', trust_remote_code=True)
model.prepare_data(
    physionet_dir=physionet_dir,
    database_dir=database_dir,
)

Note: dataset preperation should take roughly 2-3 hours.

Generate a report

import torch
import transformers
from timm.data.constants import IMAGENET_DEFAULT_MEAN, IMAGENET_DEFAULT_STD
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision.transforms import v2
import os
import pprint
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from torchvision.utils import make_grid

# Device and paths:
device = 'cuda'
physionet_dir = '/.../physionet.org/files'  # Where MIMIC-CXR, MIMIC-CXR-JPG, and MIMIC-IV-ED are stored.
database_dir = '/.../database/cxrmate_ed'  # The LMDB database for the JPGs and the DuckDB database for the tables will be saved here.

# Download model checkpoint:
model = transformers.AutoModel.from_pretrained('aehrc/cxrmate-ed', trust_remote_code=True).to(device=device)
model.eval()

# Download tokenizer:
tokenizer = transformers.PreTrainedTokenizerFast.from_pretrained('aehrc/cxrmate-ed')
os.environ['TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM'] = 'false'

# Image transforms:
image_size = 384
test_transforms = v2.Compose(
    [
        v2.Grayscale(num_output_channels=3),
        v2.Resize(
            size=image_size, 
            antialias=True,
            interpolation=v2.InterpolationMode.BICUBIC,
        ),
        v2.CenterCrop(size=[image_size, image_size]),
        v2.ToDtype(torch.float32, scale=True),
        v2.Normalize(mean=IMAGENET_DEFAULT_MEAN, std=IMAGENET_DEFAULT_STD),
    ]
)

# Prepare the MIMIC-CXR & MIMIC-IV-ED dataset:
model.prepare_data(
    physionet_dir=physionet_dir,
    database_dir=database_dir,
)

# Get the test set dataset & dataloader:
test_set = model.get_dataset(split='test', transforms=test_transforms, database_dir=database_dir)
test_dataloader = DataLoader(
    test_set,
    batch_size=1, 
    num_workers=5,
    shuffle=True,
    collate_fn=model.collate_fn,
    pin_memory=True,
)

# Get an example:
batch = next(iter(test_dataloader))

# Move tensors in the batch to the device:
for key, value in batch.items():
    if isinstance(value, torch.Tensor):
        batch[key] = value.to(device)

# Convert the patient data in the batch into embeddings:
inputs_embeds, attention_mask, token_type_ids, position_ids, bos_token_ids = model.prepare_inputs(tokenizer=tokenizer, **batch)
    
# Generate reports:
output_ids = model.generate(
    input_ids=bos_token_ids,
    decoder_inputs_embeds=inputs_embeds,
    decoder_token_type_ids=token_type_ids,
    prompt_attention_mask=attention_mask,
    prompt_position_ids=position_ids,
    special_token_ids=[tokenizer.sep_token_id],
    token_type_id_sections=model.decoder.config.section_ids,
    max_length=256,
    num_beams=4,
    return_dict_in_generate=True,
)['sequences']

# Findings and impression section:
findings, impression = model.split_and_decode_sections(output_ids, [tokenizer.sep_token_id, tokenizer.eos_token_id], tokenizer)
for i,j in zip(findings, impression):
    print(f'Findings:\t{i}\nImpression:\t{j}\n\n')

Environment requirements

Environment requirements can be found here: https://github.com/aehrc/anon/blob/main/requirements.txt.

Code repository

The code repository, which includes the training pipeline for CXRMate-ED, is available at: https://github.com/aehrc/anon.