metadata

base_model: indobenchmark/indobert-base-p2
datasets:
  - afaji/indonli
language:
  - id
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
  - pearson_cosine
  - spearman_cosine
  - pearson_manhattan
  - spearman_manhattan
  - pearson_euclidean
  - spearman_euclidean
  - pearson_dot
  - spearman_dot
  - pearson_max
  - spearman_max
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
  - sentence-transformers
  - sentence-similarity
  - feature-extraction
  - generated_from_trainer
  - dataset_size:6915
  - loss:SoftmaxLoss
widget:
  - source_sentence: >-
      Pesta Olahraga Asia Tenggara atau Southeast Asian Games, biasa disingkat
      SEA Games, adalah ajang olahraga yang diadakan setiap dua tahun dan
      melibatkan 11 negara Asia Tenggara.
    sentences:
      - Sekarang tahun 2017.
      - >-
        Warna kulit tidak mempengaruhi waktu berjemur yang baik untuk
        mengatifkan pro-vitamin D3.
      - Pesta Olahraga Asia Tenggara diadakan setiap tahun.
  - source_sentence: Menjalani aktivitas Ramadhan di tengah wabah Corona tentunya tidak mudah.
    sentences:
      - Tidak ada observasi yang pernah dilansir oleh Business Insider.
      - Wabah Corona membuat aktivitas Ramadhan tidak mudah dijalani.
      - Piala Sudirman pertama digelar pada tahun 1989.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Dalam bidang politik, partai ini memperjuangkan agar kekuasaan sepenuhnya
      berada di tangan rakyat.
    sentences:
      - Galileo tidak berhasil mengetes hasil dari Hukum Inert.
      - Kudeta 14 Februari 1946 gagal merebut kekuasaan Belanda.
      - Partai ini berusaha agar kekuasaan sepenuhnya berada di tangan rakyat.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Keluarga mendiang Prince menuduh layanan musik streaming Tidal memasukkan
      karya milik sang penyanyi legendaris tanpa izin .
    sentences:
      - Rosier adalah pelayan setia Lord Voldemort.
      - Bangunan ini digunakan untuk penjualan.
      - >-
        Keluarga mendiang Prince sudah memberi izin kepada TImbal untuk
        menggunakan lagu milik Prince.
  - source_sentence: >-
      Tujuan dari acara dengar pendapat CRTC adalah untuk mengumpulkan respons
      dari pada pemangku kepentingan industri ini dan dari masyarakat umum.
    sentences:
      - Pembuat Rooms hanya bisa membuat meeting yang terbuka.
      - >-
        Masyarakat umum dilibatkan untuk memberikan respon dalam acara dengar
        pendapat CRTC.
      - Eminem dirasa tidak akan memulai kembali kariernya tahun ini.
model-index:
  - name: SentenceTransformer based on indobenchmark/indobert-base-p2
    results:
      - task:
          type: semantic-similarity
          name: Semantic Similarity
        dataset:
          name: sts dev
          type: sts-dev
        metrics:
          - type: pearson_cosine
            value: 0.596170613538296
            name: Pearson Cosine
          - type: spearman_cosine
            value: 0.5861883707539226
            name: Spearman Cosine
          - type: pearson_manhattan
            value: 0.5845731839861422
            name: Pearson Manhattan
          - type: spearman_manhattan
            value: 0.5782563614870986
            name: Spearman Manhattan
          - type: pearson_euclidean
            value: 0.5900038609486801
            name: Pearson Euclidean
          - type: spearman_euclidean
            value: 0.5795936352515776
            name: Spearman Euclidean
          - type: pearson_dot
            value: 0.5995818925993402
            name: Pearson Dot
          - type: spearman_dot
            value: 0.5930379614276564
            name: Spearman Dot
          - type: pearson_max
            value: 0.5995818925993402
            name: Pearson Max
          - type: spearman_max
            value: 0.5930379614276564
            name: Spearman Max
      - task:
          type: semantic-similarity
          name: Semantic Similarity
        dataset:
          name: sts test
          type: sts-test
        metrics:
          - type: pearson_cosine
            value: 0.32544389544371366
            name: Pearson Cosine
          - type: spearman_cosine
            value: 0.29994363722612716
            name: Spearman Cosine
          - type: pearson_manhattan
            value: 0.2875495017479062
            name: Pearson Manhattan
          - type: spearman_manhattan
            value: 0.2810442265188576
            name: Spearman Manhattan
          - type: pearson_euclidean
            value: 0.29788552102363436
            name: Pearson Euclidean
          - type: spearman_euclidean
            value: 0.28248957351462056
            name: Spearman Euclidean
          - type: pearson_dot
            value: 0.34645175745533086
            name: Pearson Dot
          - type: spearman_dot
            value: 0.3331449893649715
            name: Spearman Dot
          - type: pearson_max
            value: 0.34645175745533086
            name: Pearson Max
          - type: spearman_max
            value: 0.3331449893649715
            name: Spearman Max

SentenceTransformer based on indobenchmark/indobert-base-p2

This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from indobenchmark/indobert-base-p2 on the afaji/indonli dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.

Model Details

Model Description

Model Type: Sentence Transformer
Base model: indobenchmark/indobert-base-p2
Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
Output Dimensionality: 768 tokens
Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Training Dataset:
- afaji/indonli
Language: id

Model Sources

Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face

Full Model Architecture

SentenceTransformer(
  (0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel 
  (1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)

Usage

Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)

First install the Sentence Transformers library:

pip install -U sentence-transformers

Then you can load this model and run inference.

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("cassador/4bs8lr2")
# Run inference
sentences = [
    'Tujuan dari acara dengar pendapat CRTC adalah untuk mengumpulkan respons dari pada pemangku kepentingan industri ini dan dari masyarakat umum.',
    'Masyarakat umum dilibatkan untuk memberikan respon dalam acara dengar pendapat CRTC.',
    'Pembuat Rooms hanya bisa membuat meeting yang terbuka.',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]

# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]

Evaluation

Metrics

Semantic Similarity

Dataset: sts-dev
Evaluated with EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator

Metric	Value
pearson_cosine	0.5962
spearman_cosine	0.5862
pearson_manhattan	0.5846
spearman_manhattan	0.5783
pearson_euclidean	0.59
spearman_euclidean	0.5796
pearson_dot	0.5996
spearman_dot	0.593
pearson_max	0.5996
spearman_max	0.593

Semantic Similarity

Dataset: sts-test
Evaluated with EmbeddingSimilarityEvaluator

Metric	Value
pearson_cosine	0.3254
spearman_cosine	0.2999
pearson_manhattan	0.2875
spearman_manhattan	0.281
pearson_euclidean	0.2979
spearman_euclidean	0.2825
pearson_dot	0.3465
spearman_dot	0.3331
pearson_max	0.3465
spearman_max	0.3331

Training Details

Training Dataset

afaji/indonli

Dataset: afaji/indonli
Size: 6,915 training samples
Columns: premise, hypothesis, and label
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
premise hypothesis label
type string string int
details
min: 12 tokens
mean: 29.26 tokens
max: 135 tokens

min: 6 tokens
mean: 12.13 tokens
max: 36 tokens

0: ~51.00%
1: ~49.00%

	premise	hypothesis	label
type	string	string	int
details	min: 12 tokens mean: 29.26 tokens max: 135 tokens	min: 6 tokens mean: 12.13 tokens max: 36 tokens	0: ~51.00% 1: ~49.00%

Samples:

premise	hypothesis	label
`Presiden Joko Widodo (Jokowi) menyampaikan prediksi bahwa wabah virus Corona (COVID-19) di Indonesia akan selesai akhir tahun ini.`	`Prediksi akhir wabah tidak disampaikan Jokowi.`	`0`
`Meski biasanya hanya digunakan di fasilitas kesehatan, saat ini masker dan sarung tangan sekali pakai banyak dipakai di tingkat rumah tangga.`	`Masker sekali pakai banyak dipakai di tingkat rumah tangga.`	`1`
`Seperti namanya, paket internet sahur Telkomsel ini ditujukan bagi pengguna yang menginginkan kuota ekstra, untuk menemani momen sahur sepanjang bulan puasa.`	`Paket internet sahur tidak ditujukan untuk saat sahur.`	`0`

Loss: SoftmaxLoss

Evaluation Dataset

afaji/indonli

Dataset: afaji/indonli
Size: 1,556 evaluation samples
Columns: premise, hypothesis, and label
Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
premise hypothesis label
type string string int
details
min: 9 tokens
mean: 28.07 tokens
max: 179 tokens

min: 6 tokens
mean: 12.15 tokens
max: 25 tokens

0: ~47.90%
1: ~52.10%

	premise	hypothesis	label
type	string	string	int
details	min: 9 tokens mean: 28.07 tokens max: 179 tokens	min: 6 tokens mean: 12.15 tokens max: 25 tokens	0: ~47.90% 1: ~52.10%

Samples:

premise	hypothesis	label
`Manuskrip tersebut berisi tiga catatan yang menceritakan bagaimana peristiwa jatuhnya meteorit serta laporan kematian akibat kejadian tersebut seperti dilansir dari Science Alert, Sabtu (25/4/2020).`	`Manuskrip tersebut tidak mencatat laporan kematian.`	`0`
`Dilansir dari Business Insider, menurut observasi dari Mauna Loa Observatory di Hawaii pada karbon dioksida (CO2) di level mencapai 410 ppm tidak langsung memberikan efek pada pernapasan, karena tubuh manusia juga masih membutuhkan CO2 dalam kadar tertentu.`	`Tidak ada observasi yang pernah dilansir oleh Business Insider.`	`0`
`Seorang wanita asal New York mengaku sangat benci air putih.`	`Tidak ada orang dari New York yang membenci air putih.`	`0`

Loss: SoftmaxLoss

Training Hyperparameters

Non-Default Hyperparameters

eval_strategy: epoch
learning_rate: 2e-05
num_train_epochs: 4
warmup_ratio: 0.1
fp16: True

All Hyperparameters

Click to expand

overwrite_output_dir: False
do_predict: False
eval_strategy: epoch
prediction_loss_only: True
per_device_train_batch_size: 8
per_device_eval_batch_size: 8
per_gpu_train_batch_size: None
per_gpu_eval_batch_size: None
gradient_accumulation_steps: 1
eval_accumulation_steps: None
learning_rate: 2e-05
weight_decay: 0.0
adam_beta1: 0.9
adam_beta2: 0.999
adam_epsilon: 1e-08
max_grad_norm: 1.0
num_train_epochs: 4
max_steps: -1
lr_scheduler_type: linear
lr_scheduler_kwargs: {}
warmup_ratio: 0.1
warmup_steps: 0
log_level: passive
log_level_replica: warning
log_on_each_node: True
logging_nan_inf_filter: True
save_safetensors: True
save_on_each_node: False
save_only_model: False
restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: False
no_cuda: False
use_cpu: False
use_mps_device: False
seed: 42
data_seed: None
jit_mode_eval: False
use_ipex: False
bf16: False
fp16: True
fp16_opt_level: O1
half_precision_backend: auto
bf16_full_eval: False
fp16_full_eval: False
tf32: None
local_rank: 0
ddp_backend: None
tpu_num_cores: None
tpu_metrics_debug: False
debug: []
dataloader_drop_last: False
dataloader_num_workers: 0
dataloader_prefetch_factor: None
past_index: -1
disable_tqdm: False
remove_unused_columns: True
label_names: None
load_best_model_at_end: False
ignore_data_skip: False
fsdp: []
fsdp_min_num_params: 0
fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: None
accelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
deepspeed: None
label_smoothing_factor: 0.0
optim: adamw_torch
optim_args: None
adafactor: False
group_by_length: False
length_column_name: length
ddp_find_unused_parameters: None
ddp_bucket_cap_mb: None
ddp_broadcast_buffers: False
dataloader_pin_memory: True
dataloader_persistent_workers: False
skip_memory_metrics: True
use_legacy_prediction_loop: False
push_to_hub: False
resume_from_checkpoint: None
hub_model_id: None
hub_strategy: every_save
hub_private_repo: False
hub_always_push: False
gradient_checkpointing: False
gradient_checkpointing_kwargs: None
include_inputs_for_metrics: False
eval_do_concat_batches: True
fp16_backend: auto
push_to_hub_model_id: None
push_to_hub_organization: None
mp_parameters:
auto_find_batch_size: False
full_determinism: False
torchdynamo: None
ray_scope: last
ddp_timeout: 1800
torch_compile: False
torch_compile_backend: None
torch_compile_mode: None
dispatch_batches: None
split_batches: None
include_tokens_per_second: False
include_num_input_tokens_seen: False
neftune_noise_alpha: None
optim_target_modules: None
batch_eval_metrics: False
batch_sampler: batch_sampler
multi_dataset_batch_sampler: proportional

Training Logs

Epoch	Step	Training Loss	loss	sts-dev_spearman_cosine	sts-test_spearman_cosine
0	0	-	-	0.1277	-
0.1156	100	0.6805	-	-	-
0.2312	200	0.5137	-	-	-
0.3468	300	0.5108	-	-	-
0.4624	400	0.5113	-	-	-
0.5780	500	0.5102	-	-	-
0.6936	600	0.5212	-	-	-
0.8092	700	0.5035	-	-	-
0.9249	800	0.472	-	-	-
1.0	865	-	0.4468	0.5249	-
1.0405	900	0.4193	-	-	-
1.1561	1000	0.3509	-	-	-
1.2717	1100	0.3709	-	-	-
1.3873	1200	0.3538	-	-	-
1.5029	1300	0.3619	-	-	-
1.6185	1400	0.388	-	-	-
1.7341	1500	0.3657	-	-	-
1.8497	1600	0.3577	-	-	-
1.9653	1700	0.4149	-	-	-
2.0	1730	-	0.4535	0.5503	-
2.0809	1800	0.3037	-	-	-
2.1965	1900	0.2213	-	-	-
2.3121	2000	0.2531	-	-	-
2.4277	2100	0.2281	-	-	-
2.5434	2200	0.2684	-	-	-
2.6590	2300	0.2154	-	-	-
2.7746	2400	0.2556	-	-	-
2.8902	2500	0.2515	-	-	-
3.0	2595	-	0.6295	0.5799	-
3.0058	2600	0.2158	-	-	-
3.1214	2700	0.1445	-	-	-
3.2370	2800	0.1191	-	-	-
3.3526	2900	0.1514	-	-	-
3.4682	3000	0.1223	-	-	-
3.5838	3100	0.1581	-	-	-
3.6994	3200	0.112	-	-	-
3.8150	3300	0.1396	-	-	-
3.9306	3400	0.1568	-	-	-
4.0	3460	-	0.8635	0.5862	0.2999

Framework Versions

Python: 3.10.12
Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
Transformers: 4.41.2
PyTorch: 2.3.0+cu121
Accelerate: 0.31.0
Datasets: 2.20.0
Tokenizers: 0.19.1

Citation

BibTeX

Sentence Transformers and SoftmaxLoss

@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
    title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
    author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = "11",
    year = "2019",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}