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2023 Pakistan Super League final

The 2023 Pakistan Super League final was a Twenty20 cricket match played between defending champion Lahore Qalandars and Multan Sultans to decide the champions of the 2023 Pakistan Super League on 18 March 2023 at the Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore, Pakistan. Lahore Qalandars won the match by 1 run, to win their second Pakistan Super League title. The match was originally scheduled to be played on 19 March 2023 but was rescheduled due to forecasted bad weather. Route to the Final. At the end of the league stage, Lahore Qalandars and Multan Sultans played ten matches each and finished at 1st and 2nd positions respectively in the points table. Lahore Qalandars had a good league stage phase where they lost only three times and won seven matches. Multan won six matches and lost four. In the playoffs, Multan faced Lahore in the Qualifier at the Gaddafi Stadium, where Multan was victorious by 84 runs and qualified for the final. Lahore Qalandars after losing, faced Peshawar Zalmi (the winners of Eliminator 1) in Eliminator 2, where Lahore won the match by 4 wickets and qualified for the final. League stage matches. Both sides played each other twice in the round-robin stage of the tournament. The first league stage match was won by Lahore Qalandars by 1 run, on 13 February at Multan Cricket Stadium. Multan had won the toss and chose to field. Lahore started off well with 50 for no loss in the powerplay but lost their momentum and struggled to score runs. Fakhar Zaman's innings of 66 off 42 deliveries helped Lahore to a score of 175 runs for 6 wickets. In reply, Multan started really well, with their openers putting up a partnership of 100 runs. However, Lahore got the key wicket of Mohammad Rizwan which slowed Multan's run scoring and left 15 runs to get in the last over. In the final over, Zaman Khan bowled the first 4 deliveries brilliantly and only conceded 4 runs while Multan lost 3 wickets. Khushdil Shah almost won the game after he hit the 5th delivery for a four leaving 6 required on the last delivery. However, Khushdil could only hit the final delivery for a four and Lahore won the match by 1 run. The second league stage match between the two sides was held in Lahore on 4 March. Lahore had won the toss and elected to bat first. Lahore got a good start in the powerplay scoring 56 runs. Abdullah Shafique and Sam Billings put up a good partnership after the powerplay and started to gain momentum. However, Shafique would get out cheaply to Kieron Pollard after scoring 48 runs and Billings would also get out soon afterwards for 52 runs. Lahore struggled to score with wickets falling in regular intervals. Lahore managed to score 180 runs for 9 wickets in their innings leaving Multan a target of 181. Multan also started off with a good powerplay, scoring 44 runs for no loss. Following the loss of their openers though, Multan struggled to score runs at the required pace with Rashid Khan starring with the bowl, getting figures of 3 wickets for 15 runs in 4 overs. Lahore went on to win the match comfortably by 21 runs and qualified for the playoffs in the process. Playoffs. Qualifier. The two teams faced each other in the Qualifier after finishing as the top two teams in the table. Multan had elected to bat first and didn’t look like scoring a big total but Kieron Pollard's innings of 57 off 34 deliveries powered Multan to a total of 160. In reply, Lahore had an awful innings, regularly losing wickets with no one able to bat comfortably. Lahore got all out for 76 and Multan won the match by 84 runs, which meant that they qualified for their third consecutive PSL final. Match. Summary. Lahore Qalandars won the toss and elected to bat first. Lahore Qalandars scored 200 runs for a loss of 6 wickets in 20 overs. Chasing 201 runs, Multan Sultans scored 199 for the loss of 8 wickets in 20 overs, falling short by 1 run. Shaheen Afridi was named as the player of the match after scoring 44 runs in 15 balls and taking 4 wickets for 51 runs. Lahore Qalandars innings. Lahore got off to a good start with Mirza Baig leading the way, scoring 30 off 18 deliveries before getting out at 4.6 overs to Ihsanullah. Lahore slowed down slightly and after Fakhar Zaman tried to speed things up, he got out at 11.2 overs to Usama Mir. Mir picked up 2 wickets in the 14th over, getting Sam Billings and Ahsan Hafeez out. Sikandar Raza fell in the next over to Khushdil Shah and Lahore looked in trouble. Following these wickets, Shaheen Afridi walked in and started a barrage of boundaries. Lahore scored 14 runs in the 16th over, 24 runs in the 17th over, 11 runs in the 18th over, 22 runs in the 19th over and 14 runs in the 20th over. Abdullah Shafique got out after a good innings of 65 runs off 40 deliveries at 18.4 overs. Lahore finished their innings scoring 200 runs, thanks to a brilliant innings of 44 runs off only 15 deliveries by Afridi. Multan Sultans innings. In the chase, Multan started off brilliantly, scoring 40 runs off 3 overs. David Wiese picked up the wicket of Usman Khan at 3.3 overs after which Rilee Rossouw finished off the powerplay brilliantly, bringing Multan to a total of 72 with Multan cruising in the chase. Rossouw continued his attacking play after the powerplay with Mohammad Rizwan standing firm as well. Rashid Khan provided the key breakthrough of Rossouw at 10.3 overs after Rossouw scored 52 runs in 32 deliveries. Rashid also got the wicket of Rizwan after a brilliant catch by Wiese at 12.4 overs. Afridi picked up the wickets of Kieron Pollard at 15.3 overs and Tim David at 17.1 overs. Anwar Ali and Usama Mir would also fall at 17.5 overs and 17.6 overs to Afridi with Lahore taking the game away from Multan. Khushdil Shah and Abbas Afridi scored 22 runs in the 19th over, which was bowled by Haris Rauf, leaving 13 runs to get in the last over. Zaman Khan bowled the last over and after conceding 5 runs in the first 4 deliveries, got hit for a four by Khushdil on the fifth delivery leaving four runs required off the final delivery. On the final delivery, Khushdil got runout in an attempt to run a third run and Lahore won the match by a small margin of 1 run. This meant that Lahore became the first team in PSL history to successfully defend their title. Shaheen Afridi was named man of the match while Ihsanullah was named man of the series. Scorecard. Toss: Lahore Qalandars won the toss and elected to bat. Fall of wickets: 1-38 (Mirza Tahir Baig, 4.6 ov), 2-95 (Fakhar Zaman, 11.2 ov), 3-111 (Sam Billings, 13.4 ov), 4-111 (Ahsan Hafeez, 13.5 ov), 5-112 (Sikandar Raza, 14.1 ov), 6-178 (Abdullah Shafique, 18.4 ov) Target: 201 runs from 20 overs at 10.05 RR Fall of wickets: 1-41 (Usman Khan, 3.3 ov), 2-105 (Rilee Rossouw, 10.3 ov), 3-122 (Mohammad Rizwan, 12.4 ov), 4-146 (Kieron Pollard, 15.3 ov), 5-160 (Tim David, 17.1 ov), 6-166 (Anwar Ali, 17.5 ov), 7-166 (Usama Mir, 17.6 ov), 8-199 (Khushdil Shah, 19.6 ov) Result: "Lahore Qalandars won by 1 run"

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Actopan, Hidalgo

Actopan (from Nahuatl: "Ātocpan" 'thick, humid and fertile land') is a Mexican city, head of the municipality of Actopan in the state of Hidalgo. Actopan is widely known for its gastronomy, especially for ximbo and barbacoa, as well as for the Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino. The city is located north of Mexico City, from which it is 120 km away, and only 37 km from the city of Pachuca de Soto, the capital of the state of Hidalgo. It is located within the geographical region known as Mezquital Valley. According to the results of the 2020 Population and Housing Census of INEGI, the town has a population of 32,276 inhabitants, which represents 52.91% of the municipal population. The city was a settlement of the Otomi people. In 1117 it was conquered by Chichimeca groups and became a dependency of Acolhuacan in 1120. It was conquered by the Tepanecs of Azcapotzalco at the end of the 14th century. The Mexica conquest took place in 1427 during the reign of Itzcoatl. After the Conquest of Mexico, an "encomienda" was established in Actopan. According to the "Universal Dictionary of History and Geography", the city was founded on July 16, 1546; although the date on which the anniversary of its founding is celebrated corresponds to July 8. In 1575 Actopan was elevated to the category of village. It was elevated to "Alcaldía Mayor" in 1568; Actopan was the head and the towns around it were then "República de Indios" (Republic of Indigenous People). Later it became Subdelegation in the period of the Bourbon Reforms; and it acquired the character of City Hall and head of party, dependent on the district of Tula, on August 6, 1824. On April 26, 1847, by decree of the Congress of the State of Mexico, Actopan was elevated to the category of town. On October 15, 1861, Actopan was declared a district of the State of Mexico. On June 7, 1862, it became part of the military canton number 3 of the Second Military District of the State of Mexico, created to confront the French intervention in Mexico. At the beginning, Actopan was temporarily the capital of the district, but it was changed to Pachuca. During the Second Mexican Empire, Actopan became part of the department of Tula. In 1869, the decree of establishment of the state of Hidalgo confirmed the character of District head of the new entity. The Constitution of Hidalgo of 1870 recognized Actopan as the 1st district, category that would be confirmed in the 1st article of the electoral laws of 1880 and 1894. In the 3rd article of the Constitution of Hidalgo of 1 October 1920 it appears in the list as municipal seat, and in it is included as municipal seat of the municipality number 3 of Hidalgo. When commemorating the fourth centennial of the foundation of Actopan, on July 8, 1946, the XXXVIII Legislature of the Congress of the state of Hidalgo, gave it the category of city. Toponymy. Some sources indicate that the word Actopan comes from the Otomi language, the INAFED in the "Encyclopedia of the Municipalities and Delegations of Mexico" in its page on Actopan, Hidalgo indicates the etymology of the word comes from Otomi; but in the page of Actopan, Veracruz it indicates that the etymology comes from Nahuatl. Enrique Rivas Paniagua, in the book "Lo que el viento nos dejó: hojas del turruño hidalguense", points out that the name of no municipality in Hidalgo has roots in Otomi. The word "Actopan" is of Nahuatl origin, derived from "atoctli", which means 'thick, humid and/or fertile land', and "pan", which means 'in' or 'on', so the translation would be as follows: "on thick, humid and fertile land". Another meaning is that it comes from ac root of the word ("atl") that means water, to (' "toktok") that means buriedf and "pan" that means locative, on, in; so its meaning would be "on buried water". It has also been pointed out that the name of the locality could be "Atocpan", which due to a certain modification of the language suffered a change in its structure; "Otocpan", cited in the "Archivo Español de Arte y Arqueología del Obispado de México"; and "Atecpan", of Nahuatl origin and meaning "in the pond". The name of the settlement of the Hñähñu people before the Conquest of Mexico in the Otomi language was: "Ma'ñuts'i", "Mañutzi", or "Mañutshí". An etymological meaning given is that it comes from the possessive "ma", which means 'my', "un", which means 'road', and "itzi", which is diminutive, so it would translate as "my little road". According to the linguists, Ethel Emilia Wallis and Yolanda Lastra, another meaning is that it comes from "ñuts'i", which means to light or incense (to perfume with incense) and the possessive "ma", so it would translate as "Place of lighting or incensing". Symbols. Glyph. The glyph, (engraved or, by extension, written or painted sign) that represents the city is made up of a corn cane in corn silk and elotes on a clod drawn as a disk, sown inside with dots or coarse grains. This representation is commonly used as the city's escutcheon. Name. The official name is Actopan, although it also receives the denomination of "Ciudad del Convento" or in a longer way "Ciudad del Convento y la Barbacoa". This is due to the importance of the Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino and the typical dish of the city, the barbacoa. On November 14, 1861, being part of the state of Mexico; it was called Actopan de Hidalgo, in honor of Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. At the end of the 19th century, it fell into disuse so as not to sound cacophonous with the name of the state. Motto. After the puma sightings in 2017, in the north of the municipality, in 2019 the Actopan City Hall registered the brand "Territorio Puma" (Puma Territory), as part of the identity for districts that are habitat of this feline. History. Pre-Hispanic period. At an unknown date, the Otomi people founded the village. Around the year 644 the Toltecs made their appearance, and this caused the town to be divided into two parts that continued to exist at the time of the Spanish conquest: Tetitlan and Actopan. By the year 1113, the Otomi people, under the command of Xide, arrived in the region. In 1117 the town was conquered by Chichimeca groups, and because of this invasion, it became dependent on Acolhuacan in 1120. Actopan and Ixcuinquitlapilco were conquered by the Tepanecs of Azcapotzalco at the end of the 14th century. The Mexica conquest took place in 1427 during the reign of Itzcoatl. Almost always mentioned together in chronicles and relations, Actopan and Ixcuinquitlapilco were Otomi communities with Chichimeca-Pame minorities. During this time Ixcuinquitlapilco was the most important town in this region. Historian Peter Gerhar mentions that Actopan was first visited by the Spaniards before the conquest was consummated, at the end of 1519 or beginning of 1520. By 1521 the indigenous people of the area and other nearby parts, participated in the defense of the territory under the command of the tlatoani Cuauhtémoc against the Spanish conquerors. On August 13, 1521 Tenochtitlan fell to the troops of Hernán Cortés and his allies. Between 1521 and 1524, a certain political-military control was established in almost all the territories subject to the Mexica empire, including Actopan. Viceroyalty of New Spain. The first "encomenderos" of Actopan were Hernando Alonso and Juan González Ponce de León. Ixcuinquitlapilco became a "corregimiento" in 1531, with Actopan depending on it. Subsequently, the "encomienda" was assigned to Rodrigo Gómez de Ávila, who in 1538 ceded his rights to his son-in-law, Juan Martínez Guerrero. The latter was succeeded by his son, Agustín Guerrero de Luna. By 1540 the "encomienda" of Actopan belonged to Juan Guerrero, who had inherited the encomienda from his wife, the daughter of the "conquistador" Francisco Gómez. The water supply was one of the main problems of the town, in 1546 the construction of an aqueduct began. Also in 1546 the Church of Actopan was founded; it is said that the Augustinians, upon seeing the topography of Lxcuinquitlapilco, decided to change the head of the town to Actopan. The first record of baptism in the Church of Actopan that is known is dated July 8, 1546, date that coincides with the foundation of the curate. From 1550 to 1560 the Convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino is built; and the work is attributed to Fray Andrés de Mata. The first attempt to form a congregation of "indios" (native indigenous people), coinciding with the founding of the convent, was not completely successful, due to the fact that the "indios" abandoned the towns and returned to their old lands. In 1560, Actopan became a dependency of Pachuca, but it was separated, and became "Alcaldía mayor" in 1568; Actopan was the head and the towns around it were the "República de Indios". The convent was the dividing line between the indigenous republics of Ixcuintlapilco and Actopan, to the southeast was Tenantitlán, a town subject to Ixcuintlapilco, and to the northwest, Actopan. The description of Fray Juan de Medina, in 1571, contained in the "Description of the Archbishopric of Mexico", mentions that in Ixcuintlapilco there were 4000 tributaries, in Tenantitlán 1300 and in Actopan 7000. It is known that by the 1570s, the convent complex was already completed, with three main buildings: the open chapel, the church and the convent; in addition to the stables, the orchard and a water supply system of great proportions for community use. In 1575 it was granted the category of village. In 1576 the prior of the convent, Fray Melchor de Vargas, printed the first catechism in Otomi. In 1580, Actopan sent 90 "indios" to work in the mines of Pachuca. Beginning in 1593, a second effort was made to form congregations of "indios"; In 1604, Friar Esteban García, in his "Chronicle of the Province of the Most Holy Name of Jesus of Mexico", reported that in Actopan, the lieutenants and bailiffs forced them to leave their former places, burning their houses and plots of land. In 1615 the quota of workers that Actopan sent to work in the mines of Pachuca was established, 22 "indios" every two weeks. Between the 16th century and the first half of the 17th century, there was a demographic drop in the Indigenous population in Actopan, in 1571 there were 7500 tributaries, while by 1599 these had decreased to 2984. In 1643, there were 1092 tributaries, and in 1688, there were 1509. After the revolt of 1677 in Ixmiquilpan, where the "indios" revolted not to work in the mines, a commissioner arrived in Actopan to take away crews, but the "indios" mutinied and resisted. In 1681 the prosecutor advised that the i"ndios" of Actopan should not be forced to work in the mines. Forced labor in the mines was reinstituted in Actopan until 1722. On January 5, 1722, a notification arrives from the mayor of Pachuca to send the workers batches to the mines. On January 7, a delegation arrived from Pachuca to insist on the sending of the batches. On January 9, 1722, the governors began to organize the batches and the "indios" of the jurisdiction of Actopan revolted to prevent the reinstatement of the mining distribution system. On January 11, the militia arrived from Pachuca, there were no confrontations, but groups of "indios" remained in the exits of the capital. On January 16, 1722, a retinue from the viceroy arrived in the jurisdiction, in which it was ordered to proceed with the pacification, apprehension of the culprits, as well as the effective implementation of the "repartimiento". On January 22, only two involved were apprehended and taken to jail. The "indios" of Actopan had to accept the work regime, with the exception of the town of Santiago Tlachichilco (Santiago de Anaya). In a regular way the "repartimiento" was carried out until the year 1724, on January 10, 1724, some "indios" rose up again against the "repartimiento". Not many joined the rebellion and with the militia that the Mayor was able to gather, it was enough to dissuade the mutineers. On September 2, 1724, the viceroy approved the exemption of the "repartimiento" for all the towns in the jurisdiction of Actopan. In the 1740s, José Antonio Villaseñor y Sánchez, in his book "Theatro Americano", mentions that the municipality had a total of 13 subject towns and had a population of "fifty families of Spaniards and twenty of mestizos and mulattos and other people and two thousand seven hundred and fifty families of "indios", all of the Otomí language, distributed in all its subject towns". It also mentions that to the east is Tetitlán, and subject to it the towns of Magdalena, San Jerónimo, Ixcuintlaplico, and San Agustín Tlaxiaca. And the partiality of Actopan to the west with its towns, which are Santiago Tlachichilco, Santa Bárbara Lagunilla, San Salvador, Santa María Amajac, San Miguel, and Yolotepec. On November 16, 1750, the Convent of Actopan became part of the Archdiocese of Mexico, and the first priest was the parish priest Juan Barrera. On April 19, 1757, a new request was made for the distribution of workers in the Pahuca mines, at the request of Pedro Romero de Terreros. The following day, the general lieutenant mayor of Actopan, Andrés de Aguilar, received the order and notified the governors of the Actopan and Tetitilán partiality. Both governments accepted the order, but said that they could only organize crews of 60 workers from Actopan and 50 from Tetitlán. On April 27, with the escape of a squad that was on its way to Real del monte, the mutiny of the "indios" of the jurisdiction began. A part of the rebels, hiding in the Meje hill, tried to take the town. But the defense of the town had already been organized by the Spanish militia, with whom the rebels engaged in fierce combat. On April 30, 1757, the mutineers sent a letter to the vicar priest asking for peace. On May 15, 1803, Alexander von Humboldt arrives in Pachuca, visits the mines in the area and on May 21 leaves for Atotonilco El Grande. On May 22 he spent the night in the town of Baños de Atotonilco near the Villa de Magdalena and the Puente de Dios. During May 23 and 24 he would travel through the Actopan Valley, and then leave on May 25 for Mexico City. During the visit, Humboldt drew and studied the Organs of Actopan, also known as Los Frailes, located 17 km southeast of Actopan in the municipality of El Arenal. Humboldt determined their height trigonometrically. Independence and Independent Mexico. Regarding the participation of the city in the Independence of Mexico, in February 1812, the royalist, Domingo Claverino arrived to the city. Between 1824 and 1825 different deaths by measles occurred; the registry was raised by the parish priest of a neighboring town, before the death of the person in charge of the registries in Actopan. In 1847, it received the title of town, given by the Extraordinary Legislature of the Congress of the State of Mexico. During the French Intervention in Mexico, to organize the Mexican Army, on June 7, 1862, the President of Mexico, Benito Juarez, decreed the division of the State of Mexico into three military districts, the second formed by the territories that integrate the State of Hidalgo, for which he designated Actopan as capital and named Pedro Hinojosa as commander. The lack of infrastructure to house the authorities of that locality, forced to change the headquarters to the city of Pachuca. On October 11, 1863, General D. Tomás Mejía took over the city, defeating General Herrera y Cairo, Governor and Military Commander of the second military district. In May 1864, the authorities of Actopan and San Agustín Metzquititlán, recognized the Second Mexican Empire. After the erection of the state of Hidalgo, different towns were proposed to be the seat of the capital, among them Actopan. On January 8, 1869, the news arose that Actopan would be designated as the capital, supposing that such designation was to distance the government from the influence of the Real del Monte and Pachuca Company; however, the city was rejected for not having the necessary infrastructure. In July 1869, Julio Chávez López, who led a revolution against the government, was defeated when he tried to take the city. He was taken to Chalco, where he was shot in the courtyard of the "Escuela del Rayo y del Socialismo" in September 1869. On December 2, 1871 Sotero Lozano attacked Actopan; but he retreated to return being defeated by colonels Inclán and Villagrán. On September 16, 1875, the Pachuca-Actopan telegraph line was inaugurated. During the Tuxtepec Revolution on April 24, 1876, a combat between the forces of Colonel San Martin and the Porfiristas took place; the latter were forced to retreat. On July 22, the government troops commanded by General José María Flores, forced the Tuxtepecans to leave Actopan, which they had held for several days. Porfiriato and Mexican Revolution. In 1898 the City Hall decreed July 8 as a municipal holiday. On May 17, 1898, lightning struck the Church of Actopan, wreaking havoc on the façade and destroying an altar. In 1900, the sewage canals from the drainage of Mexico City reached the jurisdiction of Actopan. In 1910 the Club Antirreleccionista was founded, integrated by local youths. During the Mexican Revolution on December 1, 1910, the Municipal Assembly of Actopan protested by means of a Decree, its adhesion to President Porfirio Díaz Mori and against the initiated movement. The participation of the locality is minimal during the revolutionary process. On May 22, 1911, Vicente Azpeitia Pardiñas, supporting the Maderista revolution, took the plaza of Actopan, immediately handing it over to Captain Roberto Martínez y Martínez, who was originally from the city. On July 5, 1914, Martínez y Martínez expelled the Huertista Army from the city. On July 16, 1914, the constitutionalist general, Nicolás Flores occupied the Actopan plaza; after the evacuation of the huertista Martin Zayas. On July 23, 1914, a manifesto was written by Nicolás Flores, published in Actopan in which he explains what has been and what is the conduct of the Constitutionalist Army. In November 1914, Higinio Olivo was defeated by the villistas in Actopan. On August 17, 1915, near the town there was a combat between "Carrancistas" and "Villistas", the latter being defeated. On September 2, 1915, Actopan and Ixmiquilpan were in the hands of the Constitutionalist forces commanded by General Odilón Moreno. In February 1919, the city was in the hands of Villistas forces that evacuated days later. On July 2, 1922, the garrison of Actopan, commanded by Salvador Mayorga, accompanied by the Rodriguez brothers, rose up in arms. During the Delahuertista rebellion on January 1, 1924, Nicolás Flores issues a manifesto in Actopan, in which he makes it known that he has been named governor of Hidalgo by Adolfo de la Huerta. On January 4, 1924, a combat takes place in Chicavasco between the federal forces, under the orders of Colonel Julio T. Villegas, and those of General Cavazos. On January 5, a combat takes place between the federal and rebel troops of Generals Marcial Cavazos, Nicolás Flores and Otilio Villegas, and those of Colonel Francisco López Soto. 20th century. In 1928 the Normal Regional of Actopan was established in the convent, a normal school with its annex boarding school; it remained until 1932, year in which it works with the "Normal Rural de El Mexe." On June 27, 1933, the complex was managed by the "Direction of Colonial Monuments of the Republic"; on February 2 of the same year, it had been declared an artistic and historical monument. On February 2, 1933, the Church and Convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino was declared a National Historic and Artistic Monument. On April 10, 1939, the first stone of the "Escuela Primaria Centro Escolar 1940" was laid, inaugurated on October 8, 1940; it is one of the oldest primary education centers in the region. In 1946 it was given the category of city. It is estimated that in the mid 1950's the small clock tower of the Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino was removed. On March 12, 1951, the Actopan social sports club asked INAH for the use of the jagüey, which was abandoned; in a letter signed by the president of the club, Federico Hernández, they asked Manuel Toussaint, directly from INAH, to use it as a court, committing himself to its cleaning and care. Several conditions were set: the most important was to take care of the parapet and rebuild the damaged parts of it, as well as to recondition it. Since May 18, 1954, the conditions for sports practice have been in place. In 1965 the July 8 Market was built. On July 27, 1966, a decree was published in which the Government of Mexico cedes to the Government of the State of Hidalgo, an annex of the property of the convent to build a sports field, and on August 17, 1966, it was published in the "Official Journal of the Federation"; being the denominated "Jagüey" the ceded annex. On January 27, 1987, an earthquake of 4.1 on the Richter scale was reported; with a depth of 15 km. After the 1990 census, according to statistical data, INEGI, recognizes the towns of Cañada Chica Aviación and Pozo Grande as officially conurbed to the city of Actopan. 21st century. On February 28, 2001, during a tour of Mexico, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation held a rally in the city. On July 8, 2001, the remodeling of Plaza Juárez was inaugurated, maintaining this aspect until today. Between 2005 and 2006 the "Terminal de Autotransportes de Actopan" was built, and in 2008 part of the Old Municipal Palace was demolished to construct a new building that would house new City Hall offices and the Plaza Constitución. Also in 2008 the Actopan Obelisk was built, located in the Reforma Park, and the Jamaiquitas Market was built. The Actopan overpass was completed in March 2009. From May 17 to 21, 2010 there were twenty-two earthquakes in the region, with an intensity of between 3.0 and 4.0 on the Richter scale, with their epicenter at an average distance of 13 km north of the city. On June 25, 2012, a makeshift chapel in honor of Jesus Malverde caught fire and it is not known if it was an accident or a possible attack. Between 2013 and 2015 the remodeling of the July 8 Market took place. Between April 23 and 24, 2016 the north wall of what was the old municipal palace was demolished. On December 30, 2016, close to 500 merchants held a caravan in the center of the city in protest of the increase in gasoline prices. On January 4, 2017, after different protests, both directions of the Mexico-Laredo federal highway were closed, in front of the truck station. Different stores such as Aurrerá, Comercial Mexicana and OXXO were looted; while the "tianguis", which is set up on Wednesdays, did not operate completely and different stores remained closed. Of the five gas stations in the city, two were looted by different groups of people who gave away gasoline. The September 7 earthquake in Chiapas and the September 19 earthquake in Puebla were felt in the city, and in general terms there was no serious structural damage. The earthquake of greatest intensity recorded during 2018 in Hidalgo, occurred on March 20 at 04:06 p. m. in the municipality of Actopan, with 3.9 degrees on the Richter scale. On May 30, 2018, about 15 ha, located in the Buenos Aires neighborhood, were consumed by a fire. On May 18, 2018, a construction company located in the Centro neighborhood was robbed; an operation was implemented to search for the vehicle, and a chase was initiated in El Arenal. It was at the junction of the highway with Tolcayuca and Villa de Tezontepec, where it collided with a bus; resulting in two dead and seven detainees. On September 7, 2019, a shooting occurred when elements of the Public Security of Hidalgo stopped a robbery, it happened on the highway at the height of the overpass. On March 30, 2020, two people were gunned down on Churubusco Street, on the corner of 2 de Abril, one block from the Obelisco de Actopan. On March 19, different public spaces were closed due to the health emergency caused by the pandemic of COVID-19 disease in Mexico. On April 20, 2020, it was reported that the Wednesday "tianguis", scheduled for April 22, 2020, was suspended. On April 26, 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was announced in Actopan. As of April 30, access to vehicles was restricted to the center of the city and a sanitary fence was placed. The Actopan City Hall informed the temporary suspension of the Wednesday and Sunday "tianguis", as of May 6; as of May 13, the Wednesday "tianguis" agreed to be temporarily relocated to the side of the Actopan-La Estancia highway. On May 11, 2020, the COVID-19 Actopan Immediate Response Hospital, which was built in 15 days, was inaugurated. On May 14, the first death was reported in Actopan. On June 14, the Sunday "tianguis" was reinstalled, and on June 17, the Wednesday "tianguis" was reinstalled in the center of the city. On June 23 it was announced that the Barbacoa Fair held in the city was suspended. The patronal feast of San Nicolás de Tolentino was also cancelled, but a religious ceremony was held on September 10, with the corresponding sanitary measures, and was broadcast on social networks and on local television. On September 25, 2020, the circulation of vehicles in the downtown area of Actopan was resumed. Faced with an increase in COVID-19 infections, as of February 1, 2021; the Actopan City Hall decided to restrict vehicle access to the city center, placed a sanitary fence, closed the Municipal Presidency, and suspended the city's "tianguis". By March 2021, circulation in the city center was reopened; and by mid-July, Plaza Juarez was reopened; on March 13, 2022, Parque La Reforma was reopened. Geography. Location. Its geographical coordinates are 20° 16' 05" north latitude and 98° 56' 39" west longitude. It is located north of Mexico City, from which it is 125 km away, and only 37 km northwest of Pachuca de Soto. The city is bordered on the north by Cañada Chica Antigua and Dajiedhi; on the northeast by La Estancia and San Diego Canguihuindo; on the east by La Peña and La Loma; on the southeast by El Jiadi and El Arenal; on the south by Bothi Baji, El Palomo and El Huaxtho; on the southwest by El Boxtha and on the west by El Daxthá. It is located in the geographic region of the state of Hidalgo called Mezquital Valley. The town is located in the eastern region of Mexico, in the center of the state of Hidalgo and in the center of the municipal territory of Actopan. Relief and hydrography. The city has an average altitude of 2001 meters above sea level; with a relief mainly of plains; with a terrain slope of 0 to 3 degrees. Physiographically it is located in the province of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, within the subprovince of Plains and Sierras of Querétaro and Hidalgo. To the north and northeast of the city, a little more than 2 km from the town of La Estancia, is the northern border between the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Sierra Madre Oriental; therefore, there are faults in the region, causing seismic activity. In terms of edaphology, it has a phaeozem and alluvial soil type; in terms of geology it has extrusive igneous rocks such as andesite, intermediate volcanic breccia and volcanoclastic. Regarding hydrography, the city is located in the Pánuco region, within the basin of the Moctezuma River, in the sub-basin of the Actopan River. The city is also located on the Actopan-Santiago de Anaya aquifer. Climate. The city has a semi-dry temperate climate; the average monthly temperature ranges from 13 °C in December and January, which are the coldest months of the year, to 20 °C in May, which has the highest temperatures. The city's meteorological station has estimated that the average annual temperature is approximately 16.4 °C. In regard to rainfall, the average level observed is around 400 mm, with June and September being the months of highest rainfall and February and December the months of lowest rainfall. Flora and fauna. Actopan is located in the Sierra Madre Oriental and southern Serranías floristic provinces within the Mesoamerican Mountain region. Most of its vegetation is made up of unarmed and thorny scrublands, grasslands, maguey, nances, "opuntia stricta", mesquites, acacias, bilberry cacti, pitayas, chollas, "alicoches" and "echinocactus". The fauna in this region includes rabbits, squirrels, opossums, scorpions, lizards, spiders, centipedes, crickets, grasshoppers, ants and pinacate beetles. About 14 km from the city is the Actopan Wildlife Corridor, located in Mesa Chica and Los Ejidos El Saucillo, Las Mecas and Santa María Magdalena; with an area of 9267.38 ha. The area was declared a state wildlife corridor on June 27, 2020. On June 28, 2017, the Secretary of the Environment and Natural Resources of Hidalgo (Semanath) confirmed the presence of pumas in this area after residents of the region reported several attacks on livestock and sightings of the animal. Politics. City Hall. The Actopan City Hall was established on August 6, 1824; and is formed by a Municipal President, a "Síndico Procurador", eleven councillors and twenty-four Municipal Delegates. By constitutional mandate, every city council has the power to elaborate bylaws that regulate its internal functioning and community life. The City Council is in charge of the government of the municipality of Actopan, which is integrated by the city and forty other localities. The municipality is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Santiago de Anaya and Metztitlán; to the east by the municipalities of Metztitlán, Atotonilco El Grande, Mineral del Chico and El Arenal; to the south by the municipalities of El Arenal, San Agustín Tlaxiaca and Ajacuba; to the west by the municipalities of Ajacuba, San Salvador and Santiago de Anaya. Districts and regions. The city is the seat of the III Federal Electoral District of Hidalgo for the election of federal deputies to the Chamber of Deputies of Mexico; and of the VIII Local Electoral District of Hidalgo for the election of local deputies to the Congress of Hidalgo. According to the "Instituto Nacional Electoral" (INE) the city is integrated by fourteen electoral sections, from 0034 to 0047. At the state administrative regional level, Hidalgo belongs to Macroregion V and Microregion VII, and is also the headquarters of Operational Region XI Actopan. This administrative region of Hidalgo allows bringing government programs and actions closer to the local population. On the other hand, it belongs to the I Judicial District of Hidalgo, where judicial procedures of the Judicial Power of the State of Hidalgo are settled. Twinning. On April 23, 2022, the Actopan City Hall received members and authorities of the Actopan, Veracruz City Hall; in a meeting, both municipalities signed a twinning agreement. On May 25, 2022, the twinning was ratified with the unveiling of a plaque in a ceremony held in the esplanade of Morelos Park in Actopan, Veracruz. On July 4, 2022, the twinning was signed between the city and Águas de São Pedro, Brazil. Demographics. Population dynamics. According to the results of the 2020 Population and Housing Census conducted by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the town has 32,276 inhabitants; the town's population represents 52.91% of the municipal population. Of the population 15 262 are men, which represents 47.29% of the population and 17 014 are women, which represents 52.71% of the population. It occupies the seventh place in the count of localities in the state of Hidalgo. The most extensive and representative indigenous people in the city are the Otomí people; as of 2020 there are 653 people who speak an indigenous language. Of which the majority speak the Otomí language, especially the Otomí variant of the Mezquital Valley, which is also referred to by its own speakers as "hñähñú", "ñänhú", "ñandú", "ñóhnño" or "ñanhmu". There are 298 people in the city who call themselves Afro-Mexicans or Afro-descendants. The main religion is Catholic; by 2020, about 25,544 people declare themselves Catholic; the city belongs to the Archdiocese of Tulancingo and the patron saint is Nicolás de Tolentino. By 2020, about 3,426 people declare themselves Protestant or Evangelical Christians including The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, "La Luz del Mundo" Church and Jehovah's Witnesses. About 3,188 people declared to be atheists, agnostics, or to have no religion or not to be ascribed to any religion; and only 64 declared other beliefs or different spiritual preferences. Housing and urban planning. According to the Actopan City Hall, the neighborhoods that make up the city are: Aviación, Benito Juárez, Chapultepec, Centro Norte, Centro Sur, Deportivo Olímpico, Dos Cerritos, Efrén Rebolledo (Parque Urbano), El Cerrito, El Porvenir, Eulalio Ángeles, Fundición Alta, Fundición Baja, Guzmán Mayer, Guadalupe, Jesús Luz Meneses, La Estación, La Floresta, La Hacienda, Las Monjas, Los Frailes, Los Olivos, Niños Héroes, Nuevo Actopan, Obrera, Rojo Gómez, Tierra y Libertad, and Unidad Deportiva. According to INEGI, Cañada Chica, Cañada Aviación, and Pozo Grande, are also part of the city, while El Porvenir and Dos Cerritos are considered separate localities; this is due to the differences in the definition between the demographic and political spheres of both entities. According to the results presented by the General Population and Housing Census 2020, the city has a total of 10,946 homes; of which 8687 are inhabited, 1,571 are uninhabited and 688 are for temporary use; with an average of 3.71 people per home. The construction of the houses in Actopan is made of blocks, brick or prefabricated materials, their roofs are cast, there is even decoration with marble, sett and a great variety of other materials; however, in some cases their construction is based on adobe, the walls are made of brick and the roofs are made of resistant sheet metal or "petatillo". Poverty and social exclusion. In 2010, it registered a very low degree of social exclusion, in contrast to the municipality, which has a low degree. In 2010, the city registered a social backwardness index of −1.34455. In 2015 the municipality of Actopan ranked 21st out of 84 municipalities on the state scale of social backwardness. The homes with dirt floors are 255 which represents 3.50%; in terms of public services the homes without drainage are 59 which represents 0.81%; those without electricity are 53 homes (0.73%); without piped water are 152 homes (2.09%); without sanitation are 83 homes (1.14%). Culture. Architecture. Buildings. The so-called "city center" consists of an area containing the oldest and most important buildings in the city and includes the following four plazas and parks: Plaza Juárez, which is located in front of the ex-convent; Plaza de la Constitución, in front of the Palacio Municipal; Parque Reforma, which houses the obelisk; and Parque del Salto, located in an old aqueduct pond. The Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino is, from the architectural and pictorial point of view, one of the greatest examples of the Novo-Hispanic art of the 16th century. This convent shows a combination of architectural styles such as Plateresque, Mudejar, Gothic, Romanesque and Renaissance. It has a unique example of an open chapel 17.5 m wide and 12 m high, entirely covered with fresco murals. The Actopan Obelisk is located in the Reforma Park; around 2008 it was built, but it was not until 2009 when it was inaugurated. It consists of an elongated quadrangular column mounted on a small base slightly with a larger dimension of the obelisk, whose sides are reduced until reaching the top, ending in the pyramidal tip called pyramidion. Its total height is 57 meters, inside there is a staircase that leads to the top and is used as a viewpoint. The Actopan Municipal Palace is a two-story building, with a style reminiscent of neoclassical architecture; it has a "soportal" with horseshoe arches, with the relief of the Actopan glyph in the keystone; the pilasters with Ionic capitals continue to support a smooth entablature that leads to the second level. In the second level there is a series of square windows; with a stained glass window and balcony in the central part. The entire complex is topped by a continuous parapet and a mixtilinear pediment in the central part. This was built in 2008, when the auditorium of the Old Municipal Palace was demolished. The Old Municipal Palace is a rectangular building of a single floor; the access is a large opening with a rebated arch, with pilasters on the sides, which support a triangular frontispiece, the pilasters in the upper section are transformed into corbels in the form of volutes. All crowned by a mixtilinear pediment with a niche. In 2008 the auditorium was demolished and in 2016 the north section; inside the patio is called Plaza de las Artes. Monuments. There are two monuments located in Plaza Juarez, one dedicated to Miguel Hidalgo and the other to Benito Juarez. The Monument to Miguel Hidalgo is a statue of the personage on a hexagonal base, which in turn is on a cylindrical pedestal. The Monument to Benito Juarez placed in 1977, is a bust of the personage on a cylindrical pedestal. Another monument in the city is the monument to Efren Rebolledo, located next to the Efren Rebolledo Elementary School. There is also a monument to Jesús Luz Meneses, located at the intersection of María del Carmen González and Corregidora Streets, built in the 1990s in honor of the works carried out in the area. Among the architectural remains of the city's aqueduct are the "Fuente de Mendoza" and "Fuente El Salto". The Mendoza Fountain has an elongated hexagonal floor plan, three of its sides form a curbstone. The El Salto Fountain is located on an old pond, located in the Nicolás Romero Garden; in 2014 it underwent a remodeling giving it its current appearance. On September 13, 2004, the Monument to the "Niños Héroes" was inaugurated; it consists of a semi-circular wall with six columns each representing the six Mexican cadets, with a commemorative plaque in the center. On June 21, 2019, the Monument to the Teacher was inaugurated, for the design of the monument a call was issued, where the citizenship participated. This monument consists of a semicircular base, where five doric columns rise; in the center on a pedestal is the sculpture of two hands holding books, and a plaque that says "thank you". In Colonia Guzmán Mayer there is a monument to Genaro Guzmán Mayer. Plazas and parks. The city's green areas include Plaza Juárez, Parque Reforma, Jardín Nicolás Romero, and Parque Recreativo "La Eroca"; there are also parks in the Efrén Rebolledo (Parque Urbano), Guadalupe, and Guzmán Mayer colonies, with various playgrounds for children. In Plaza Juárez and Parque Reforma there are shoe-shine stands. The Plaza Juárez is a wooded park with a kiosk or bandstand in the center. Access to the atrium of the Convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino is through a "soportal", formed by a semicircular arcade, with a barrel vault roof. The central arch that gives access to the atrium is almost twice the size of the others, and is also roofed by a barrel vault, perpendicular to the one that covers the "soportal". On March 3, 2014, construction began on a subway parking garage in Plaza Juarez, which was inaugurated on August 31, 2014. The Reforma Park is where the Actopan Obelisk is located, as well as several playgrounds and exercise equipment. The Nicolás Romero Garden, also known as "El Salto" because of the old aqueduct cistern located there; in 2014 the cistern was transformed into a fountain and the park was remodeled. The Recreational Park "La Eroca" with green areas, sports, playgrounds, barbecue grills, and a swimming pool. There is also the Plaza de la Constitución, in front of the Municipal Palace; built in 2008 when part of the Old Municipal Palace was demolished. Painting and murals. On the outskirts of the city in the main arcade of the Actopan Aqueduct, also known as "Los Arcos", there is a set of white cave paintings. Oriented to the southeast, a human figure can be seen that measures 32 cm high and 23 cm wide. To the left side is a sun with three elongated rays, which measures 23 cm high and 22.5 cm wide; to the right a half moon of 9.5 cm long and 6.5 cm high is observed. Also a hand is appreciated that sees toward the northwest, and this almost completely erased. In direction to the northwest in the same rock is an inverted "U" that in its interior seven points are found, indicating possibly a celestial vault. In the Convent of Actopan, the iconographic and iconological program is one of the most complex and ambitious in the state of Hidalgo. It is necessary to consider the Renaissance painting as preponderant aesthetic ideology, and the reminiscences of the mural painting of Mesoamerica, in the mixture of the decoration and the Christian subjects; characteristics of the tequitqui or Indo-Christian art. The murals and frescoes of the profundis room, the stairway cube and the open chapel stand out. Different murals have been painted in the city, inside the Actopan Obelisk there are a series of murals, where different aspects of the culture, history and identity of Actopan can be appreciated. On May 15, 2015, at the Actopan High School, 23 murals were made in the facilities, as part of the fifth International Image Festival (FINI), and the second International Meeting of Muralists; under the theme "Social Justice", with the participation of 46 international muralists and 22 students. In 2015 after the remodeling of the July 8 Market, two murals were made, both reflecting the customs and traditions of Actopan. In 2016 a mural was made on the stairs of the Municipal Palace of Actopan, signed by Eloy Trejo Trejo, in the "Actopan es... Arte, cultura y tradición" mural, the Convent of Actopan and Efren Rebolledo are appreciated. On July 8, 2017, a mural was inaugurated by the Casa de la Cultura Actopan, to commemorate the 471st anniversary of the founding of the city, located in the porch of the Municipal Palace. In November 2019, students from Escuela Superior de Actopan created a mural located in the center of María del Carmen González Street, in which the mural combines the social theme, violence against women, the LGBT community and gender equality. On September 4, 2020, the " Actopan Pueblo con sabor" mural was inaugurated in the Plaza Constitución; it shows the cultural heritage of the municipality and was created by the artists Daniel Rojo Pacheco, Juan Ugalde Olguín, Alexis Gómez, José Lionel López and Gerardo Zamora. Museums and cultural centers. The city has a public library called: Efrén Rebolledo Municipal Public Library, which has 3,000 volumes of books, magazines, pamphlets, etc., in addition to carrying out activities during the holiday period by teaching courses to the children's community. It has a House of Culture founded on January 24, 1991; where different courses in singing, ceramics, literature, dance, sculpture, photography, painting, theater, etc. are offered. There is also the Manuel Ángel Núñez Soto Theater with a seating capacity of 820 people. The Museum of Religious Art was inaugurated on January 1, 2011, it is located inside the Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino. It has four permanent exhibition rooms and contains Viceroyalty and 18th century art, with carved wood furniture, religious oil paintings from the 18th and 19th centuries, as well as several painted and stewed sculptures. On December 20, 2010, the Bicentennial Museum and Cultural Center was inaugurated; its interiors are designed to offer courses in dance, sculpture, painting, music and other arts, as well as exhibitions and the sale of handicrafts. On May 24, 2021, the Actopan City Hall informed the demolition of the building due to differential settlements and structural risks. The damage to the property is estimated at twelve million pesos. The demolition has not been carried out and there are no dates for its action. On August 30, 2011, construction began on the Los Frailes Sports Museum, also known as the "Sports Gallery"; it opened its doors to the public on January 13, 2012. The building consists of two floors: the first floor, with an area of 165 m2, houses a lobby, stairs, gallery and an exhibition pavilion; and the second floor consists of a meeting room, restrooms and terrace with a view of the Los Frailes Sports Field. The Los Frailes Sports Museum is dedicated to different Actopan athletes such as: Velia Flores Guerrero, selected in the Paralympic Games of Sydney 2000 and Athens 2004, cyclists Rubén Lugo Caballero, State Sports Award 2002 and Gabriel Cuéllar Valdez, selected in the Olympic Games of Mexico 1968, and in the Pan American Games of Winnipeg 1967, and who was National Road Champion in 1966 and 1968. Festivities. All Mexican commemorations are celebrated in the city. In the first days of March, a parade is held to commemorate the arrival of spring with preschool students. On September 13 there is a civic ceremony for the "Niños Héroes", with the participation of the different educational institutions. The Anniversary of the Independence of Mexico is celebrated with the representation of the Cry of Dolores by the Mayor, sale of Mexican snacks, fireworks display and a popular dance, all this on September 15. On September 16, a commemorative parade is held by the city's elementary schools with an average attendance of 3,000 people. During the Anniversary of the Mexican Revolution on November 20, a commemorative parade is held in charge of high schools and the general public, with an attendance of approximately 3,000 people, In addition, since 2010 a "Huapango" contest is held in the city, which will bring together between 200 and 250 competitors from different states. Religious and patronal feast days. Among the main religious festivals in the city are the "Día de la Candelaria" on February 2. A tradition in Mexico is to dress up the figures every year for each presentation that takes place, and eat tamales that day. The celebration of the "Cruz de Mayo", held on May 3, this celebration dedicated to the raising of the cross is held almost everywhere in the city and at construction sites. In the "El Salto" garden, a mass is held annually on this date. The main patronal feast is held in honor of San Nicolás de Tolentino, patron saint of the city, and takes place during the first days of September. All the events take place in the atrium of the Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino. Pilgrimages from different localities gather there and various religious ceremonies are held; the main day of the celebration is September 10. Throughout the year, patronal feasts are held in honor of the saint of each of the parishes in the city's colonies. In the Los Olivos colony, in the northern part of the city, on October 28, a small fair is held in honor of St. Jude Thaddeus, with various cultural and sporting events. Also in the Guadalupe colony there is a fair in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe on December 12. In the Cañada Chica Aviación colony, a fair in honor of Teresa of Ávila is held on October 15. In the Pozo Grande colony a fair is held in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe on December 12. Also in Pozo Grande there is a fair on June 21 where the Sacred Heart of Jesus is celebrated, with activities such as the barril encebado, roosters, jaripeo, exhibitions, fireworks, processions through the main streets of the colony, and masses. Easter. On Friday of Sorrows, inside the Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino, an Altar of Sorrows is placed in honor of the Our Lady of Sorrows. This Mexican tradition dates back to the 17th century. In it is placed a sculpture carved in polychrome wood of the 19th century, in the highest and central part. The altar is accompanied by lighted candles or sirios that allude to the seven sorrows of the Virgin and the light of God. Frontals and mats are also made of painted sawdust, flower petals and seeds, to recreate the instruments of the Passion; likewise, fragrant herbs, such as chamomile, are placed on them. Spheres are hung and assembled using the modular origami technique, with purple and gold paper. During Easter there is a procession and mass on Palm Sunday, in the streets of the center of the town that ends with a mass in the open chapel of the Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino. On Holy Thursday there is a mass and representation of the Last Supper and the washing of the feet performed by Jesus. On Good Friday a procession commemorating the Way of the Cross and the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth takes place through the streets of the city beginning and culminating in the open chapel of the Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino. Also in the afternoon there is a Procession of Silence in honor of the Our Lady of Solitude. This procession takes place through the main streets of downtown starting at the Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino. On Holy Saturday a mass of the Easter Vigil, Sign of the Risen Christ, is held in the open chapel of the Church and ex-convent of San Nicolás de Tolentino. Masses and processions are also held in the different churches of the city. As in the Pozo Grande colony, where since 2006 a Passion, Death and Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth is held in the main streets of the neighborhood. Day of the Dead. Another tradition of great importance is the celebration of the Day of the Dead, in which some people place an "Ofrenda" in their homes, which is composed of seasonal fruit, typical foods of the region and cempasúchil flowers. They also take flowers to the cemetery on November 1 and 2. In the city during these dates a "tianguis" is set up dedicated to the sale of "calavera de alfeñique", "pan de muerto", "papel picado", fruit, candles, copal and incense, among other things. Different cultural programs are also held on this date, mainly an exhibition of altars. Among the Otomi of the Mezquital Valley, the offering is composed of an earthen floor, two lateral walls of reeds and a central one made of maguey stalks. It is customary to elaborate structures based on tables and boxes, covered with tablecloths and embroidered napkins. Once these "basamentos" are built, the offerings are placed on them. When the "basamentos" are not assembled, the families usually make "tendidos", either with petates or some other propitious element, and in them they place fruits, flowers, food, as well as candles and copal. Christmas Holidays. During the month of December, the so-called "Fiestas Decembrinas" (Christmas Holidays) are held, when the city's Christmas tree is lit, which is an average of 12 meters high. This Christmas tree has been in place since 2009. During the lighting there are fireworks, music, representations of different stories about Christmas, and "villancicos". On December 12, the traditional celebrations to Our Lady of Guadalupe are held with multiple pilgrimages, fireworks and masses. "Las Posadas" ( December 16 to 24), Christmas, New Year's Eve and New Year are also celebrated. On January 5, a toy "tianguis" is placed in the streets of downtown. In addition, since 2012 in the month of January there is a Cavalcade of Magi, this parade includes fireworks, floats decorated with different children's stories, the main one being the one that transports the Three Magi. Along with the "Fiestas Decembrinas", the "Guadalupe-Reyes Marathon" takes place, a concept of Mexican culture that refers to the period from December 12 to January 6, for a total of twenty-six days of festivities. Actopan Fair. The Actopan Fair, also called "Feria de la Barbacoa", is held annually at the beginning of July. Since 1949, the official holiday is July 8, date taken as the day of the founding of the city in 1546. The fair is held at the Unidad Deportiva Municipal (Municipal Sports Unit) located in the northeastern part of the city, and some activities are held in the so-called city center; it receives approximately 130,000 to 150,000 visitors, considering all the events. Sports activities and cultural events are held, as well as dances, "charreadas" and a commemorative parade; as well as plays, music bands, painting exhibitions, antique car shows, circus performances, "Lucha libre"; mechanical games are also installed and fireworks are burned. The food festival stands out with a great exhibition and sale of food. The "barbacoa" contest has been held since 1971 and the Ximbó Festival has been held since 2017. Handicrafts and traditional costumes. In the city, embroidery is made on fabric with techniques such as cross stitch and frayed. In basketry, baskets, hats and backpacks are created using palm as raw material. Saddlery is also made, as well as ceramic and pottery works. For the folk costume is designated the costume used in the folkloric dance: "Actopan Ciudad de Cara Bonita", with choreography and costume design by Abel Pérez Ángeles, Eleuterio Acosta Zúñiga and Teresa León Lopéz. In this dance the color white predominates, for the women the set is made of satin, the skirt with the image of the ex-convent of Actopan stands out, with a 25 cm long skirt, finished with green lace; the white blouse with the image of the glyph of Actopan. The outfit is finished with a shawl and white shoes. For men it is shirt and pants with "pepenado" embroidery (Otomí embroidery, representing the "Nahui Ollin"). Accompanied with a "sombrero de dos pedradas" and white boots. The folk costume of the Mezquital Valley is of Otomí origin; the men used to wear blanket breeches and blanket shirt with some embroidered fabrics, palm hat and huaraches. The women's costume consists of a blanket blouse, embroidered ribbon, "rebozo" of "ayate" thread, skirt of colored or white blanket fabric, hair ribbon and glass earrings. Gastronomy. In gastronomy, the traditional dish is barbacoa baked in a subway oven and wrapped in Maguey stalks, made with beef, lamb and goat meat. In the beginning, it was made with dogs of the xoloitzcuintle breed, as well as other animals. It was not until some time after the arrival of the Spaniards that lamb began to be used. Also as one of its main dishes is the ximbo, also known as "chicken on a stalk"; this dish was first commercialized in the 1990s. The dish consists of rooster or hen meat wrapped with maguey stalks and baked in a subway oven; it also has nopales, pork skin, "chamorro" or pork ribs and even veal. Also from the Mezquital Valley come "tunas" and xoconostle (sour "tunas" with syrup or jam) for dessert; escamoles and chinicuiles stewed with flowers of different cacti, such as maguey, aloe, mesquite, bilberry cactus, nopal; chamuis (mesquite tree beetles); xagis (tender beans with pork and pasilla chili) and mixiotes. The typical drink is pulque, as well as maguey syrup; the latter is the first thing that is extracted from the maguey; later, when fermented, it results in "pulque", from which the curado beverages are derived. Other typical dishes and foods are: chalupas, pambazos, tacos, mixiotes, mole, tlacoyos, sopes, quesadillas and gorditas. Infrastructure. Transportation. Federal Highway 85 Mexico-Laredo is the main road in the city, allowing for the distribution and exchange of goods and services. It connects to the Actopan-Tula highway, one of the most important highways in the state. In addition, the city has the "Bulevar Oriente" (East Boulevard), which functions as a beltway allowing a faster transfer of tourism and commerce to Mexico City or Nuevo Laredo. The city has a bus terminal; the "Terminal de Autotransportes de Actopan" "Antonio Mejía Gandolffi" (TAAC). Domestic destinations include Mexico City; Monterrey, Nuevo León; Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro; Reynosa, Tamaulipas; Guadalajara, Jalisco; Ciudad Valles, San Luis Potosí; and destinations within the state of Hidalgo such as Pachuca, Ixmiquilpan, Zimapán, Tulancingo and Tula de Allende. Media and communications. As for media, it has Internet, telephone network and mobile telephony. The television signal arrives by cable and open signals such as Televisa and TV Azteca; it also receives the signal of the state channel: Channel 3 Hidalgo. The city has a radio signal, Radio UAEH Actopan (XHPECW-FM), being the fifth station that makes up the University System of Radio and Television of the UAEH; which began activities on February 26, 2019. There was also Radio Actopan (XHACT-FM), which operated under the command of Radio y Televisión de Hidalgo; it began operations on November 29, 2010, and ended on November 28, 2022. The city has a Postal Administration of "Correos de México", a public space connected to the "México Conectado" Program and a Digital Community Center. The postal code of the town is 42500, and its telephone prefix is 772. Education. The illiterate population is 4.07%; and the population with incomplete basic education is 30.16%. For the 2018–2019 school year, kindergarten and/or nursery education has twelve schools, 24 teachers and 505 students; preschool education has twenty-three schools, 87 teachers and 1762 students; primary education has twenty-four schools, 223 teachers and 5280 students; secondary education has eleven schools (eight general, two "telesecundaria" and one technical), 116 teachers and 3083 students; higher secondary education has ten schools (three technological and seven general). In higher secondary education, the Actopan High School stands out, an institution dependent on the Actopan High School belonging to the UAEH; which began activities in 2014, with a general baccalaureate modality. The "Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Industrial y de Servicios No. 83" also stands out. "Pedro María Anaya Álvarez", an institution under the "Dirección General de Educación Tecnológica Industrial" (DGETI), which began operations on September 29, 1975; it has six specialties: Construction, Computer Science, Accounting, Programming, Automotive Maintenance and Computer Equipment Support and Maintenance. In higher education, there is the Centro de Estudios Universitarios Moyocoyani, Plantel Actopan, with degrees in Pedagogy and Administrative Informatics. There is also the Actopan High School of the "Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo" (UAEH), with degrees in law, Psychology, Graphic Design, and Business Creation and Development. On July 17, 2000, it began operations, its facilities are located in the town of El Daxthá, on the outskirts of the city, occupying an area of 49,364.94 m2, where it houses six modules, a library, two computer areas, a language center, administrative offices, an auditorium, a machine room and a parking lot. Healthcare. In the city, 42.06% of the population is not entitled to health services. The city has the Family Medicine Unit (UMF) No. 16 of the Mexican Social Security Institute; the Family Medicine Unit of the Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers; and a clinic of the Mexican Red Cross. There are also two health centers of the "Secretaría de Salud de Hidalgo", one located in the Chapultepec colony and the other in the Cañada Chica Aviación colony. The Actopan General Hospital was inaugurated in 2000. There are seven outpatient and subspecialty areas; two emergency and gynecology areas; in toco-surgery there is an expulsion room, labor and delivery room and recovery beds; for hospitalization there are thirty census beds with central nurses, neonatology and operating room. Public services. Public services are potable water, drainage, and electricity; the availability of these services in the municipality is partially scarce. Drinking water, drainage, and sewerage services are provided by the "Comisión de Agua y Alcantarillado Sistema Actopan" (CAASA). There are eight water wells to provide service to the population, with a supply of fourteen million liters per day; it is estimated that an Actopan resident uses 205 liters of water per day. The "Comisión Federal de Electricidad" (CFE) is in charge of electricity and public lighting. The city has a fire station, In terms of public safety, there is an agency of the Public Prosecutor's Office with ten agents. The city also has a social rehabilitation center (Cereso). The Actopan landfill is a Type C, due to the amount of tons that enter daily around 18 to 23 tons. It is 180 meters long by 30 meters wide and 15 meters deep. It is an open-air landfill, it began operations in 2017 and by 2021 it will be at maximum capacity. It has 10 units for garbage collection, covering 14 routes in 25 colonies. Economy. In 2015 it presented a Human Development Index of 0.776 (High). In terms of finance there are nine bank branches, among which are Banamex, BBVA Bancomer, Banco Azteca, HSBC, Bancoppel, Banco Ahorro Famsa. In industry there are small manufacturing companies such as huaraches, bricks for construction, and clothing "maquiladoras". In terms of agriculture and livestock, grazing areas and crops are located in the colonies on the outskirts of the city, such as Cañada Chica Aviación, Cañada Chica, La Estación, El Cerrito, Dos Cerritos and Pozo Grande; these are activities with little production in the city. In agriculture, small-scale production is corn and alfalfa; and in livestock, production is mainly aviculture with poultry. The city has a slaughterhouse inaugurated in 2015, it has a surface area of 3500 m2; it has administrative areas, loading, unloading, the area of the main warehouse and the corrals, where about eighty herds and twice as many pigs can be slaughtered during eight hours. Trade. Stores and markets. Commerce is located mainly in the city center and in the surrounding streets, especially the sale of clothing, shoes, fruits and vegetables; there are also commercial chains such as "Farmacias Guadalajara", Coppel and OXXO, as well as two convenience stores, "Mi Bodega Aurrerá" and "Mercado Soriana", formerly "Bodega Comercial Mexicana". The city has two Diconsa program stores, as well as two Liconsa dairies in the colonies El Cerrito and La Floresta. The city has two markets: the 8 de Julio Market and the Jamaiquitas Market. The main market in the city is the 8 de Julio Market, it has two levels to house commercial activity and a subway parking lot. It was built in 1965; in 2014 began the remodeling of the market, and the construction of the subway parking, on April 2, 2015, the market was reopened. The Jamaiquitas Market was built in 2008, and has about 30 stores. Tianguis. In the city, "tianguis" are held on Wednesdays and Sundays. The Wednesday "tianguis" is one of the most important in the Mezquital Valley. It is located in the so-called center of the city occupying about 45,414 m2, distributed in about twenty-two streets. In it you can find a great variety of merchants offering seasonal fruits, vegetables, legumes, "hierbas", stones, lime, kitchen utensils, canned products, seeds, beef, pork, chicken, fish, aluminum cases, clay pots, tools, sweets, clothes, food, etc. There is no exact date when this "tianguis" began to be set up, although it is known that sales in the area had been taking place since 1550. Some time later the merchants settled on Efrén Rebolledo Street, since most of the vendors came from Santiago de Anaya. This same street is known for its food stalls, maguey syrup and "pulque"; and you can listen to mariachi, marimba, huasteco or norteño trios, this area is colloquially known as: "Garibaldito". It is estimated that around twenty-nine thousand people gather every Wednesday to buy products in this "tianguis". On Sundays there is another "tianguis" in the downtown area, this one is smaller than the one on Wednesdays; in it you can find fruits, vegetables, clothes, food, etc. It is located mainly around the Reforma Park where the Actopan Obelisk is located. Food Market. The "Central de Abastos" de Actopan has been in operation since 2005 and only operates on Wednesdays and Saturdays. It is the largest point of commerce in the region, and one of the most important in the state of Hidalgo. On Saturdays it operates with a much smaller number of merchants and offers seasonal fruits, vegetables and legumes. On Wednesday it functions as an extension of the "tianguis" that is placed that day in the center of the city. This day hosts approximately five thousand merchants from different municipalities of Hidalgo; in an extension of seventeen hectares. It has areas for the sale of fodder, livestock (cattle, pigs, sheep and goats) and poultry, groceries, fruit and vegetables (wholesale and retail); as well as an area where electrical appliances, tools, toys, handicrafts, clothing, second-hand items, and others are sold. On this day there is a Gastronomic Pavilion with thirty-nine stores where you can buy typical food of the region. There is also the largest used car market in the state, as it can gather more than five hundred vehicles. Tourism. The city offers nine four- and three-star hotels, with a total of 258 available rooms; it has sixteen restaurants, three cafeterias, two nightclubs and nine bars. The city is located within the so-called Corredor Turístico de los Balnearios, promoted by the Federal and State Secretariat of Tourism. This corridor passes through the municipalities of Actopan, Santiago de Anaya, Ixmiquilpan, Tasquillo, Tecozautla and Huichapan. Since November 27, 2011, the city has a tourist transport with capacity for more than thirty people, in its two levels; the second level is open-top. This transportation travels through the main streets and attractions of the city, during the tour the houses where illustrious characters of Actopan lived are shown, such as María del Carmen González, doctor and altruist of the city; Efrén Rebolledo, poet and writer; and Genaro Guzmán Mayer, author of the Hymn to the State of Hidalgo. This transportation does not operate every day, occasionally it only operates on local holidays. Sports. The most popular sport in the city is soccer, followed by football, basketball, baseball, volleyball, cycling, and athletics, among others. In terms of sports infrastructure, there is a football field in the Ozesnos Actopan, as well as a basketball court in the Aviación colony, and a "lucha libre" arena. There is also a bullring that is also used as a "lienzo charro", located near the town of El Daxthá. In the city there is a "lienzo charro" called the "Centro de Convenciones" or "Polideportivo "Mañutzi"", completely roofed and with a capacity for three thousand people, located within the Municipal Sports Complex. The "Jesús Luz Meneses" Municipal Sports Complex has a gymnasium with volleyball and basketball courts, a baseball field and a fronton court. The Los Frailes Sports Complex, better known as "El Jagüey", is used as a soccer stadium; it is 105 m long, 57.5 m wide and 3 m deep. The "Las Canchitas" Sports Complex: also known as the "Jesús Luz Meneses" Complex, it has areas for indoor soccer, volleyball and basketball

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72986025

Catherine Bathurst

Sister Mary Catherine Philip was born Catherine Anne Bathurst (14 July 1825 – 14 December 1907) was a Roman Catholic convert, nun and Prioress. She founded a school in Belgium which became (in time) St Dominic's Sixth Form College in Harrow. Life. Bathurst was born in Wookey in Somersetshire. She was the daughter of Sir James Bathurst, an army officer and Lady Caroline, a daughter of 1st Earl Castle Stewart. Her grandfather was Henry Bathurst, Bishop of Norwich who was a nephew of the 1st Earl Bathurst. Frederick Bathurst and Robert Bathurst (cricketer) were her brothers. Her eldest brother was Stuart Bathurst and he became a Church of England priest and rector of Kibworth Beauchamp in Leicestershire. In 1850 Stuart converted to Catholicism under the influence of John Henry Newman and he became the parish priest at Wednesbury in Staffordshire. Catherine also concerted to be a Catholic within months and she was given a Conditional baptism (to avoid giving two) by Father Brownbill SJ. She met Newman and she began a long time correspondence with him which consisted of over 80 letters. Bathurst decided on a religious life but she found a long time to find a home. She joined Elizabeth Lockhart's Sisters of Charity of the Precious Blood at Greenwich in 1852. She then tried the Sisters of Providence in Loughborough before returning to Greenwich after a year. She spent three years working at poor schools and orphanages in Birmingham. In 1861 she appeared to have found a home at Margaret Hallahan's Dominican Congregation of St. Catherine of Siena. She took the name Sister Mary Catherine Philip in November but by April 1862 she had returned to Birmingham after her last sister became a suicide. In 1868 she was in Ghent where she agreed to found an order of Dominicans. By 1870 there was a convent and a school building in Meirelbeke with Bathurst as the Prioress. The next move was a move by the whole convent. Bathurst and her Dominican Order sisters from Ghent set up a girls' boarding school in Harrow in 1878 at the invitation of Cardinal Manning Death and legacy. Bathurst died in Harrow in 1907. In July 1979 the convent school she founded closed and the remaining nuns transferred to the Dominican convent in Stone, Staffordshire,St Dominic's Sixth Form College opened in the building that had been St Dominic's Independent Grammar School for girls.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72986951

Guy Picken

Guy Picken is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played for St. George and Cronulla-Sutherland in the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL) competition. Playing career. Picken made his first grade debut for Cronulla in round 20 of the 1986 NSWRL season against fierce rivals St. George at the Sydney Cricket Ground. In 1988, Picken played five games for Cronulla as they claimed the Minor Premiership. It was not until 1989 when Picken became a regular in the Cronulla side. He played 15 games that season including their minor preliminary semi-final loss to eventual premiers Canberra. In 1991, Picken signed for St. George where he played 15 games over two seasons.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72989714

2023 European Cricket League

The 2023 European Cricket League was a T10 cricket competition organised by the European Cricket Network. It was the third edition of the European Cricket League and was once again held at the Cartama Oval in Málaga, Spain. Background. It was announced that the tournament would be taking place between February 27 and March 24, with Finals Week starting on March 20. The 30 team format from the previous edition would remain in place, with 30 'National Champions' taking part in 6 groups across 6 weeks, with the winners of the groups joining 2022 winners Pak I Care Badalona in the Finals Week to determine the overall winner. Participants. The following teams were invited to take part as champions of their domestic leagues, or an ECN-related 'Super Series'. The draw was made on January 13, 2023. Previous Champions Pak I Care Badalona will participate in the Finals Week only. The finals were made up of the 6 group winners, plus ECL22 winners Pak I Care Badalona Group stage. The Group Stage is to be played across the first 3 weeks of the tournament, with each group lasting 4 days. Each group kicked off with a single-round robin stage, before entering a knockout, with seedings based on group standings. The Super 3 stage was eliminated, with teams instead advancing into a single knockout stage following the groups

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72990775

Kent County Cricket Club in 2023

In 2023, Kent County Cricket Club competed in the 2023 County Championship, the 2023 One-Day Cup and the 2023 T20 Blast. The season was the seventh in charge for head coach, and former player, Matthew Walker. Sam Billings retained the club captaincy that he was first awarded in 2018. In June 2023, Billings stepped down as captain in the County Championship for the remainder of the season after a run of poor form in the format, with Jack Leaning taking over the captaincy. Ryan ten Doeschate left his position as batting coach after a single season with Kent, to take up a role with the Kolkata Knight Riders. Former Worcestershire head coach Alex Gidman joined Kent as a replacement for ten Doeschate. Squad. Departures. On 29 July 2022, Matt Milnes signed a contract to join Yorkshire at the end of the season. In August it was announced that Darren Stevens would be released at the end of the season after 17 years with Kent. Stevens played over 630 games for Kent, scored more than 28,000 runs and took almost 900 wickets. On 23 September 2022, the club announced that wicketkeeper-batsman Ollie Robinson would be leaving the club at the end of the season to join Durham. In November 2022, Harry Podmore signed for Glamorgan. Arrivals. On 30 July 2022, Kent signed 20 year-old Joey Evison from Nottinghamshire, initially on loan for the One-Day Cup before joining on a three-year contract from the start of the 2023 season. In October 2022, Harry Finch signed a two-year contract to run until the end of the 2024 season. Finch had previously had short spells with Kent in 2021 season when the squad had been severely affected by COVID-19. and again in 2022 season as cover for a number of players absent due to injuries and The Hundred. In November 2022, Kent signed Australian veteran Michael Hogan. Hogan had originally planned to retire at the end of the 2022 season, which was his tenth year with Glamorgan. In December 2022, Kent announced that Australian international fast-bowler Kane Richardson would play for the county as an overseas player for the 2023 T20 Blast. In March 2023, Indian bowler Arshdeep Singh agreed to play up to five County Championship matches in June and July for the county. In April 2023, Connor McKerr rejoined the county on loan from Surrey for two County Championship matches to cover for injuries in the bowling unit, having previously had a spell with Kent at the end of the 2022 season. Two days later, Australian bowler Wes Agar signed for Kent to play four County Championship matches until Arshdeep Singh arrives in June. Agar later signed an extension to keep him with Kent until the end of July. In May 2023, Bangladesh-born seam bowler Arafat Bhuiyan signed a professional contract with Kent for the remainder of the season, after a spell with the 2nd XI and playing in the Kent League for Blackheath. In June 2023, Kent announced that England leg-spinner Matt Parkinson would join from Lancashire at the end of the season. In July, it was announced that Parkinson would also join on loan this summer for the One Day Cup. On 25 July, due to several players being unavailable due to injuries and international duty, Kent signed batters Toby Albert and Ben Geddes on loan from Hampshire and Surrey, respectively, on loan for a County Champiomship match against Nottinghamshire. Brisbane Heat and Queensland all-rounder James Bazley, joined Kent for the One Day Cup. In August, Kent announced that New Zealand bowler Ben Lister would join the club to play the final three County Championship matches, subject to international call-ups. On 6 September, Indian leg spin bowler Yuzvendra Chahal signed to play im Kent's final three County Championship matches. On 10 September, following further injuries, Kent signed spin bowler Aron Nijjar on loan from Essex for the last three games of the season. Squad list. The following players featured in at least game while on loan from other counties: Toby Albert, Ben Geddes, Connor McKerr and Aron Nijjar.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72996967

Isabella Malgioglio

Isabella Malgioglio is an Australian cricketer who currently plays for New South Wales in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL). She plays as a right-arm leg break bowler. Domestic career. Malgioglio plays grade cricket for Parramatta District Cricket Club. In February 2023, Malgioglio was named in a New South Wales squad for the first time. She made her debut for the side on 10 February 2022, against Australian Capital Territory, where she took 2/58 from her 10 overs. She played one further match for the side that season, taking one more wicket.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72996970

Milly Illingworth

Millicent Hall Illingworth (born 15 July 2005) is an Australian cricketer who currently plays for Victoria in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL). She plays as a right-arm medium bowler. Early life. Illingworth was born on 15 July 2005 in Geelong, Victoria. Domestic career. In December 2022, Illingworth played for Victoria in the Cricket Australia Under-19 National Female Championships, taking nine wickets. In February 2023, she was named in a senior Victoria squad for the first time. She made her debut for the side on 10 February 2022, against Western Australia, where she took 4/41 from her 6.4 overs. She went on to play two further matches for the side that season. International career. In December 2022, Illingworth was named in the Australia Under-19 squad for the 2023 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup. She was ever-present for the side at the tournament, taking four wickets at an average of 20.25 in her six matches. She was named Player of the Match in Australia's Super Six victory over India, in which she took 2/12 from her two overs.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=72999263

Laurie Gloag

Laurie Gloag (30 October 1925 – 28 February 1984) was a Scotland international rugby union player. Rugby Union career. Amateur career. Laurie Gloag, along with his brother Ian, went to Oundle School. He played for Middlesbrough. He played rugby union for Cambridge University, when he went to university at Trinity College. He joined Kelso in 1951. He was nominated for the vice-captaincy in early 1952 but declined as he expected to leave Kelso in October that year. Provincial career. He started for the Scotland Possibles side in January 1949, but after a good performance in the first half was promoted to the Scotland Probables side in the second half. When he joined Kelso, he then turned out for South of Scotland District. International career. He was capped for Scotland 4 times, all in 1949. He scored one try, against Wales. Cricket career. He played cricket for Kelso Cricket club. Family. His father was Ernest Richardson Gloag (1885 - 1936) and his mother Olga Gjers Gjers (1895 - 1973). They had sons Laurie and Ian Sadler Gloag. Ian also played rugby union for Middlesbrough, Cambridge University, as well as the Royal Signals and Yorkshire. Laurie Gloag married Anne Clinkard (1930 - 2018) in June 1962. Death. He is buried in St. Botolph Churchyard in Carlton-in-Cleveland, North Yorkshire. Both his parents and brother are also buried there.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73004270

Thomas Lawther

Thomas Lawther (6 October 1909 – 12 December 1994) was a Scotland international rugby union player. Rugby Union career. Amateur career. Lawther went to Mill Hill School in London and captained their school XV side. He then played rugby union for Old Millhillians. On his selection for Scotland, the Dundee Courier of 12 January 1932 reported: Mr W. D. Gibbs, the hon. secretary Old Millhillians R.F.C., yesterday told a "Courier and Advertiser" representative: "The selection of Lawther is not really a surprise. In fact, he played well enough to have been chosen last season. The only surprising thing is that the Scottish Selection Committee should have departed from their usual policy in calling upon a man who, playing in London, does not turn out for London Scottish. Lawther a first-rate full-back, a very good cricketer and hockey player." He played rugby union for the Royal School of Mines in the midweek. Provincial career. He was capped by Middlesex, since 1929. International career. He was capped twice for Scotland in 1932. Lawther's selection at Full Back for the match against South Africa came as a huge shock to those in Scotland. The choice of Lawther, who is almost unknown in Scotland, will come as big surprise to rugby enthusiasts all over the country. He was however a reserve for Scotland in 1931, but he did not play in the 1931–32 season trials. The conditions of the South Africa match were not great and Lawther did not fare well. This was reported by the "Dundee Evening Telegraph" of 20 January 1932: T. H. B. Lawther did not present himself as being very much superior to any of our home backs. was slow in gathering up the ball, and on Saturday his touch finding was none too sure. is to be given another chance against Wales, and it is to be hoped that he will on this occasion justify his selection. His re-selection for the Wales match then caused another stir. The Dundee Courier of 21 January 1932: STRANGE ARE THE WAYS OF RUGBY CHIEFS Well, the Scottish selectors have done it again. Quite unchastened by their recent experiences, they now propose to even bigger risks then they did by their sensational choice of T. B. Lawther as full-back. There is something to be said for their decision to give Lawther another chance. No full-back could fairly be judged in conditions like those Saturday, and Lawther was fortunate enough to avoid making serious slips. isn't altogether surprising that some people still regard him as a 'comer'. Other sports. He was noted as a 'good cricketer'. The Dundee Courier of 12 January 1932 reported: He captained Mill Hills cricket eleven in 1928, in which season, scoring 508 runs, he had batting average of nearly 34, and took 51 wickets a cost of little over 18 runs apiece. He was also the side of the two previous years. He stroked the Cambridge boat race crew in 1932. Business career. Like his father Lawther became a mining engineer. He was employed at the Royal School of Mines. Family. He was born to Thomas Dodd Lawther (1872-1846), a mining engineer, and Charlotte Rosa Maskrey (1871-1922). They had two sons, Ian and Thomas, and both followed in their father's footsteps of career. Thomas Lawther married Mary Joyce Busby (1910-1997) in 1932. They had a daughter in 1938.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73004648

Australian cricket team in India in 2023

The Australian cricket team in India in 2023 may refer to two different tours:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73004828

2023 Pacific Island Cricket Challenge

The 2023 Pacific Island Cricket Challenge consisted of a men's Twenty20 International (T20I) and a women's Twenty20 International (WT20I) cricket tournament, that took place in Suva, Fiji, in March 2023. Both events featured men's and women's national teams from Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa and Vanuatu, as well as team representing the Australia and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), with all games played at Albert Park in Suva. Papua New Guinea entered an academy team in the men's tournament due to their senior side playing a Cricket World Cup League 2 series in Nepal. The event was sponsored by the Australian Defence Force and also saw representatives from other Pacific island nations such as the Cook Islands and New Caledonia take part in training sessions to help boost the standard of cricket across the region. The arrival of the Vanuatu teams was delayed by the impact of Cyclones Judy and Kevin on the country. Papua New Guinea won both the men's and women's tournaments. Men's tournament. Round-robin. Points table. Qualified for the semi-finals Women's tournament. Round-robin. Points table. Qualified for the semi-finals

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73005178

Dunfermline F.C. (1874)

Dunfermline Football Club was an association football club from Dunfermline in Scotland. The club entered the Scottish Cup every season from 1876–77 to 1889–90. However the club only won 3 ties, plus one after which it was disqualified; on 7 occasions the club scratched before playing a match. History. The club was formed in 1874 as a way for members of the Dunfermline Cricket Club to keep fit over the winter, after cricket club member David Brown saw a Queen's Park F.C. match in Glasgow and bought a football to take home. As one of the first clubs in the east of Scotland, the club in its early days found it difficult to find opponents, but before the 1876–77 season it was admitted to the Edinburgh Football Association, entitling it to take part in the Edinburgh FA Cup; this was welcome to the local sides as the Heart of Midlothian had just "broken up". The club's first entry to the Scottish Cup saw it placed in the Edinburgh geographical grouping in the first round and gain a walkover, as the temporarily-defunct Hearts had already entered and the clubs were drawn together. Dunfermline lost at Hamilton F.C. in the second round. The club did not win a tie until 1879–80, when it beat Edinburgh Thistle. The club had a little more success in the Edinburgh Cup, a competition it entered until 1883–84. Its best run came in 1879–80, when three wins took Dunfermline into the final, against Hibernian F.C. at Powderhall on 6 March in front of a crowd of over 2,000. Dunfermline had a strong wind behind the side in the first half, but the scores were level at 3–3 at half-time; in the second half the local side scored 3 unanswered goals. Perhaps because of the weather, the match was "declared undecided", and a re-play held at the same venue a fortnight later. This time Hibernian dominated from start to finish and won 5–0. Notably the crowd had almost doubled for the second match. In 1884–85, the club reached the third round for the only time. In the first round, Dunfermline gained its biggest Cup win, 10–2 over Newcastleton F.C., in front of a crowd of 2,000. In the second round, the club was drawn at home to Heart of Midlothian F.C., and took a surprise lead from the kick-off. Hearts replied with 11 unanswered goals. However Dunfermline protested that two of the Hearts players (Chris M'Nee and James Maxwell) were professionals and, "after careful consideration", the protest was upheld; the players were receiving 26 shillings per week. In the third round, the club lost 7–1 at Wishaw Swifts, having been outclassed all match and scoring a consolation via the one chance the club had. The club had more success on a local level. It was a founder member of the Fifeshire Football Association in 1882 and in David Brown provided the first President. It also won the first Fifeshire Cup in 1882–83, beating Cowdenbeath 4–1 in the final after two ties against minor clubs. The club repeated the feat in 1883–84, beating Alloa Athletic in the final, and were runners-up to Cowdenbeath in 1884–85. In April 1885, over a dispute as to whether the club should allow non-cricketers to play for the football side, the best football players, including Bob Sandilands and Jim Toddie, broke away to form Dunfermline Athletic. The split worked in favour of the new club; the only competitive match between the two, in the Fifeshire Cup in 1886, ended 6–0 to the Athletic. Although Dunfermline continued to enter the Scottish Cup until 1889–90, it only played one more tie, scratching on four occasions (twice to the Athletic) and being disqualified after beating Lassodie in 1887–88, on the basis that the secretary had sent in the list of registered players after the deadline. Dunfermline also never won another Fifeshire Cup tie and stopped entering after 1890–91. With Dunfermline Athletic having taken over as the top club, Dunfermline abandoned senior football from the 1891–92 season. The club essentially merged with South-side Athletic, which moved to Ladysmill and changed its name to Dunfermline Juniors, which reached the final of the Scottish Junior Cup in 1896–97, and wound up at the end of the 1900–01 season. Colours. The club played in blue and white hoops, with navy shorts. Ground. The club originally played on the Town Green. By 1882 the club was playing at Ladysmill.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73006001

Vrinda Rathi

Vrinda Ghanshyam Rathi (born 14 February 1989) is an Indian cricket umpire. She is currently a member of Development Panel of ICC Umpires. In January 2023, she was one of the female umpires named by the ICC to stand in matches in the 2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup. On 10 January 2023, she along with Narayanan Janani became the first woman umpires to stand as an on-field umpire in a men's domestic fixture in India, when she was one of the umpires in the match between Goa and Pondicherry in the 2022-23 Ranji Trophy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73010141

List of Perth Scorchers (WBBL) cricketers

The Perth Scorchers are an Australian cricket club who play in the Women's Big Bash League, the national women's domestic Twenty20 competition. The club was established in 2015 as an inaugural member of the eight-club league. This list includes players who have played at least one match for the Scorchers in the Women's Big Bash League.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73011931

Delhi Capitals (WPL)

The Delhi Capitals are an Indian women's cricket team that compete in the Women's Premier League (WPL), based in New Delhi. The team is owned by GMR Group and JSW Group, who also owns the men's team. The team is coached by Jonathan Batty and captained by Meg Lanning. The side reached the final of the inaugural edition of the WPL after finishing top of the group, but lost in the final to Mumbai Indians. History. In October 2022, the BCCI announced its intentions to hold a five-team women's franchise cricket tournament in March 2023. The tournament was named the Women's Premier League in January 2023, with investors buying the rights to franchises through a closed bidding process during the same month. GMR Group and JSW Group, the owners of Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League, bought the rights to one of the franchises. In February 2023, Jonathan Batty was announced as head coach of the side. The inaugural player auction for the WPL was held on 13 February 2023, with Delhi Capitals signing 18 players for their squad. At the inaugural tournament, Delhi Capitals qualified directly for the final after topping the group, winning six of their eight matches. However, they lost in the final to Mumbai Indians by seven wickets. Current squad. As per 2023 season. Players in bold have international caps. Support Staff. Source: Official website

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73011941

Royal Challengers Bangalore (WPL)

The Royal Challengers Bangalore are an Indian women's cricket team that compete in the Women's Premier League (WPL), based in Bengaluru. The team is owned by Diageo, who also own the men's team. The team is coached by Ben Sawyer, and their squad was assembled at the inaugural WPL player auction in February 2023. History. In October 2022, the BCCI announced its intentions to hold a five-team women's franchise cricket tournament in March 2023. The tournament was named the Women's Premier League in January 2023, with investors buying the rights to franchises through a closed bidding process during the same month. Diageo, the owners of Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Indian Premier League, bought the rights to one of the franchises. In February 2023, Ben Sawyer was announced as head coach of the side. The inaugural player auction for the WPL was held on 13 February 2023, with Royal Challengers Bangalore signing 18 players for their squad. On 18 February 2023, Smriti Mandhana was announced as the team's captain. The side finished fourth in the group stage at the inaugural tournament. Current squad. As per 2023 season. Players in bold have international caps. Administration and support staff. Source: Official website Kit manufacturers and sponsors. Kajaria Tiles was the official Title Sponsor for RCB WPL 2023. Mia by Tanishq & Dream11 being principal partners. Apart from these, Puma, Himalaya, & Vega being the associate partners. Zuno General Insurance were their official partners for WPL 2023.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73011946

Mumbai Indians (WPL)

The Mumbai Indians are an Indian women's cricket team that compete in the Women's Premier League (WPL), based in Mumbai. The team is owned by Indiawin Sports, who also owns the men's team, winning the rights to own and operate the Mumbai-based franchise for a sum of . The team is coached by Charlotte Edwards and captained by Harmanpreet Kaur. The side won the inaugural edition of the WPL, beating Delhi Capitals in the final. History. In October 2022, the BCCI announced its intentions to hold a five-team women's franchise cricket tournament in March 2023. The tournament was named the Women's Premier League in January 2023, with investors buying the rights to franchises through a closed bidding process during the same month. Indiawin Sports, the owners of Mumbai Indians in the Indian Premier League, bought the rights to one of the franchises. In February 2023, Charlotte Edwards was announced as head coach of the side, with Jhulan Goswami named as their bowling coach and mentor and Devika Palshikar as the batting coach. The inaugural player auction for the WPL was held on 13 February 2023, with Mumbai Indians signing 18 players for their squad. The side went on to win the inaugural edition of the WPL, finishing second in the initial group stage before beating UP Warriorz in the eliminator and Delhi Capitals in the final. Mumbai Indians all-rounder Hayley Matthews was named Player of the Tournament. Current squad. As per 2023 season. Players in bold have international caps. Support Staff. Source: Official website

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73012211

Sab Sitaray Humaray

"Sab Sitaray Humaray" () is the official anthem of the 2023 Pakistan Super League, the eighth season of Pakistan Super League. It is produced and composed by Abdullah Siddiqui, while sung by Shae Gill and Asim Azhar along with the rap part by Faris Shafi. Background. On 7 February 2023, the PCB announced that Asim Azhar, Shae Gill and Faris Shafi would be singing this anthem and Abdullah Siddiqui would be producing it. This is Azhar's second anthem after "Tayyar Hain" and Siddiqui's second production after "Agay Dekh". It was earlier reported that Ali Sethi was set for the anthem, after "Pasoori", his duet with Gill in Coke Studio, was largely appreciated. However, his contract was revoked due to possible conflict of interest as his father, Najam Sethi, became PCB's Chairman. Release. It was released on 11 February 2023, with music video directed by Awais Gohar. Taniya Hasan of "Dawn" commented that the cinematography seems to be inspired by "" and "Game of Thrones". Opening ceremony. Multan Cricket Stadium hosted the opening ceremony for the first time, with management by Multan Waste Management Company (MCMW). Along with the virtual reality, the ceremony also featured augmented reality and drone art for the first time. Aima Baig opened with "Qaumi Taranah", followed by Muhammad Aurangzeb, CEO HBL Pakistan, and Najam Sethi addressing the audience. Then Sahir Ali Bagga performed along with Baig, followed by a performance by dance group named The Colony. Afterwards, the anthem was played with Gill, Azhar, and Shafi on-stage, and the ceremony was closed with the fireworks.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73012573

ACC Men's Challenger Cup

The ACC Men's Challenger Cup is One Day International and Limited-overs (50 overs) international cricket tournament run by the Asian Cricket Council and contested in a league system.This is a part of the qualification pathway towards the ACC Men's Premier Cup and the Asia Cup. On 9 February 2023, the ACC announced the schedule of the inaugural tournament, with 8 teams took part (the host Thailand, Bahrain, Bhutan, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Maldives, Iran and Myanmar). Results. Maldives 150 vs 130 Iran Match Result: Maldives win Player of the match: Umar Adam

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73016038

Drumpellier F.C.

Drumpellier Football Club was a Scottish football team located in the town of Coatbridge, Lanarkshire, Scotland. History. The club was founded in 1874, as an offshoot of the Drumpellier Cricket Club, with 98 members within two seasons. Its first recorded match was towards the end of the 1874–75 season, against the 1st Lanark club. Drumpellier entered the Scottish Cup for the first time in 1875–76. The club won at Barrhead in the first round after Ferrie "breasted through" after a save from a Walton shot. The club beat Heart of Midlothian 2–0 in the second round but lost 5–1 to Dumbarton in the third, in part due to three of the Drumpellier players being "seriously injured" by Dumbarton players illegally "charging from behind". The club had difficulty arranging matches; its next game did not take place until six weeks later, a defeat at Alexandra Athletic, in a match affected by some players preferring to watch the big Cup tie between Queen's Park and Vale of Leven on the same day. The club's first appearance in the Cup was its most successful, in that it was one of the final 14 clubs, but it reached one round further in 1877–78, albeit the fourth round was made up of 19 clubs, and Drumpellier only won one match to reach that far, 3–2 at Shotts F.C. in the first round. The club received a bye in the second, and drew twice with Glengowan F.C. in the third, although the replay at Caldercruix was only declared a 1–1 draw after a protest, as Drumpellier had been reported as 1–0 winners. Under the rules of the competition at the time, both clubs progressed to the fourth round, but Drumpellier lost 3–1 at Parkgrove after taking a (disputed) lead. Drumpellier continued to enter the Cup every season until 1887–88, but never won another tie; indeed it only drew once, at home Benhar F.C. in the first round in 1883–84, in an "exceedingly rough" match, at which the "conduct of the spectators was beyond all excuse". In the replay the club suffered a club record 12–0 defeat. Its final tie, against Motherwell F.C., ended in a 3–2 defeat, after Motherwell scored two late goals. Drumpellier had more success in local football. The club took part in the first Lanarkshire Cup in 1879–80, losing in the second round against Glengowan in a replay, played at the neutral ground of Clarkston after Drumpellier's protest against Glengowan's rough play was upheld. Drumpellier lost to Dykehead F.C. in the semi-final in 1883–84, having recorded its record win of 11–0 against Airdrie Caledonians in the second round, and reached the final in 1886–87. The club had originally lost to 5–3 Cambuslang Hibernian in the first round. Drumpellier protested on a number of grounds - rough play, one goal being given when it had passed over the bar, the final two Hibernian goals being "clearly off-side", and spectators interfering with play - and the Lanarkshire FA put both teams through to the second round. In the final, at the South Avenue ground of Hamilton Academical, Drumpellier lost 5–0 to holders Airdrieonians, in front of a poor crowd, the reason put down to there being "but one team in the hunt"; the 'Onians scored three in the first half, and only the heroics of goalkeeper Dolan kept the score down to 5. Drumpellier's last competitive match was a 5–0 defeat at fellow Coatbridge side Albion Rovers in the third round of the Lanarkshire Cup the next season. The last reference to a club match is a 1–0 defeat at Hamilton Academical towards the end of the 1887–88 season. Colours. The club wore navy blue jerseys and white knickers, with Cambridge blue and white stockings. Ground. The club originally played at the "beautiful" Drumpellier Cricket Ground, which belonged to the club's president Col. Buchanan. In 1884, the club moved to Blair Lodge Park, opening its tenure with a Scottish Cup tie against Airdrieonians.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73018837

Sciobia

Sciobia is a genus of crickets in the family Gryllidae and monotypic tribe Sciobiini; it was erected by Hermann Burmeister in 1838. Species can be found in NW Africa and the Iberian peninsula. Species. The "Orthoptera Species File" includes:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73022214

Narayanan Janani

Narayanan Janani (born 28 April 1985) is an Indian cricket umpire. She is currently a member of Development Panel of ICC Umpires. In January 2023, she was one of the female umpires named by the ICC to stand in matches in the 2023 ICC Women's T20 World Cup. On 10 January 2023, she along with Vrinda Rathi became the first woman umpires to stand as an on-field umpire in a men's domestic fixture in India, when she was one of the umpires in the match between Tripura and Railways in the 2022-23 Ranji Trophy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73023464

Telegraphists F.C.

Telegraphists Football Club was a 19th-century association football club based at Govan, now in Glasgow. History. The club was founded in 1874 for workers at the Telegraph Department of the Glasgow General Post Office, as a winter activity for cricket club members; the Telegraphists cricket club used the same venue for its home matches, and cricket captain Atkinson was one of the club's forwards. In 1876 and 1877 the club had 43 members. The media occasionally referred to the club as Telegraphers but its title as reported to the Scottish Football Association was Telegraphists. The club entered the Scottish Cup for the first time in 1875–76, losing 3–0 to the St Andrew's (Glasgow) club on Glasgow Green; all three goals came between the 46th and 60th minutes, as St Andrew's had a strong wind behind them after the break, although the Telegraphists' back play received particular praise. In 1876–77 the club was hammered 12–0 at Northern, five of the goals falling to Cunningham. In 1877–78, the club gained its only win (and scored its only goal) in the competition, beating the 4th Renfrewshire Rifle Volunteers 1–0 in the first round, but losing 4–0 against the 1st Lanarkshire equivalents in the second. The club's 10–0 defeat at Whitefield in 1878–79 was the club's last Cup tie. Although it entered the 1879–80 competition, it withdrew rather than play Possil Bluebell. After 1880 the club's activities almost cease, the most notable matches being against telegraphist offices in other towns. The last reference to a match played by the club is a 3–3 draw against Burnbank Swifts F.C. in June 1886. The club may not have continued after this, given the difficulties with its home ground. Colours. The club's colours were given as white and black (or black and white), probably in hoops, which was the dominant design at the time. Ground. The club played at Woodville Park in Govan. Towards the end of the 1885–86 season, the ground owner sued the club's committee for the £5 quarterly rent, which the club defended on the basis that constant flooding kept causing the postponement of matches. The committee was ordered to pay half of the rent claimed (£2 10s).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73028558

2023 ACC Men's Challenger Cup

The 2023 ACC Men's Challenger Cup was the inaugural edition of the ACC Men's Challenger Cup, hosted by Thailand in February and March of 2023. The tournament was part of the qualification pathway for the 2023 Asia Cup. Eight teams took part in the tournament, among whom the top two qualified for the 2023 Men's Premier Cup. The Asian Cricket Council (ACC) announced the schedule of the tournament on 9 February 2023. Bahrain and Saudi Arabia topped their respective groups before qualifying for the Men's Premier Cup by winning the two semi-final matches, with Saudi Arabia beating Bahrain in the final by 10 wickets. Group stage. Group A. Points table. Advanced to the knockout stage Group B. Points table. Advanced to the knockout stage

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73028560

2023 ACC Men's Premier Cup

The 2023 ACC Men's Premier Cup was a cricket tournament which took place in April and May 2023. It was the inaugural edition of the ACC Men's Premier Cup, and it served as the final stage of qualification for the 2023 Asia Cup tournament. It was held in Nepal, with the Tribhuvan University International Cricket Ground and Mulpani Cricket Stadium hosting matches. The winner of the tournament qualified for the 2023 Asia Cup. The top three teams including also qualified for the 2023 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup. The Asian Cricket Council announced the schedule for the tournament on 23 March 2023. Bahrain and Saudi Arabia qualified to participate in this tournament as the top two teams in the 2023 ACC Men's Challenger Cup, where Saudi Arabia had beaten Bahrain by 10 wickets in the final. Nepal defeated United Arab Emirates in the final and qualified for the 2023 Asia Cup. In addition to the two finalists, Oman advanced to the 2023 ACC Emerging Teams Asia Cup tournament after the 3rd place play-off ended with no result. Group stage. Group A. Points table. Advanced to the knockout stage Group B. Points table. Advanced to the knockout stage

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73029736

Ayr Academy F.C.

Ayr Academy Football Club was an association football club from Ayr, Scotland. The club was one of the ancestral clubs to the current Scottish League club Ayr United. History. The club claimed a foundation date of 1869, which would have made it the earliest football club in Ayr, although there are no recorded matches for the club until the 1873–74 season. The club played both association football and rugby football; as an example of the fluidity in codes, in October 1873 the club lost to Kilmarnock in a game played to rugby rules. By 1874 the club had 73 members. Proximity to Ayr Eglinton. The Academy did not enter the Scottish Cup, but there were close links with the Ayr Eglinton club, which was formed in 1875. From the Ayr Academy cricket side, the King brothers played for Eglinton in the 1875–76 Scottish Cup, and of the XI which played against the Ayr Volunteers in the 1875–76 season, two players (Sliman and Reid) played for Eglinton in the 1875–76 Cup, and another five (goalkeeper Gemmell, three members of the Highet family, and Craig) played for Eglinton in the 1876–77 Scottish Cup. Academy even played Eglinton in October 1875, winning 2–0. Merger. The final Academy match was scheduled to take place on 14 October 1876, at Girvan. It is not clear whether this match took place. In a meeting at the Ayr Assembly Rooms that weekend, it was "unanimously agreed" to merge the Academy and Eglinton clubs, to form a new club, Ayr Academicals. Colours. Its colours were red cap, jersey, and stockings, with white knickerbockers, and a blue Maltese cross on the left breast. Ground. The club played at the Low Green, using the Ayr Arms on the High Street for its facilities.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73032150

History of Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas

The history of Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas begins in 1891 when the Botafogo Regatta Group was founded in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Three years later, the group became Club de Regatas Botafogo and, in 1904, the Botafogo Football Club was created. After 38 years of the two associations existing in parallel, the merger between the two clubs created Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas, currently one of the most popular sports entities in Brazil. Known for the five-pointed star on its emblem, which gives it the nickname "Estrela Solitária Club" ("Lonely Star Club"), Botafogo's official colors are black and white. Since 2007, it has held its football matches at the Nilton Santos Stadium, formerly known as Engenhão. Its main rivals are Flamengo, Fluminense, and Vasco da Gama. It was nominated by FIFA to the select group of the greatest clubs of the 20th century. Among its main titles are twenty-one Carioca Championships, four Rio-São Paulo Tournaments, two Brazilian Championships, and a CONMEBOL Cup (precursor of the current Copa Sudamericana). In addition, the club holds some of the top records in Brazilian football, such as the record for the most matches unbeaten: 52 matches between the years 1977 and 1978; the record for undefeated matches in Brazilian Championship matches: 42, also between 1977 and 1978; the largest number of player participation in total Brazilian National team matches (considering official and unofficial matches): 1100 participations; and the largest number of players assigned to the Brazilian National Team for World cups. The club is still responsible for the largest victory ever recorded in Brazilian football: 24–0 over Sport Club Mangueira in the 1909 Carioca Championship. Foundation. Predecessors. Botafogo's history goes back to the 19th century, precisely 1891, when members of the Clube Guanabarense (from 1874), created the Grupo de Regatas Botafogo, having as one of its founders the rower Luiz Caldas, known as Almirante. Soon after Caldas' death, the group was regulated as Club de Regatas Botafogo. The club had as its headquarters a mansion, now demolished, in the south of Botafogo Beach, leaning against the Morro do Pasmado, where today the Pasteur Avenue ends. On 12 August 1904, in parallel to the regatta club, a new football team, the Electro Club, was created on the initiative of Flávio Ramos and Emmanuel Sodré, two young men between 14 and 15 years old who studied together at Colégio Alfredo Gomes. A little over a month later, the name of the association was changed to Botafogo Football Club, at the suggestion of Flávio's maternal grandmother, known as Dona Chiquitota. Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas. Born from the union between Club de Regatas Botafogo and Botafogo Football Club, Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas was officially founded on 8 December 1942, the day of the Immaculate Conception, the club's patron saint. The merger between the two associations had been analyzed since 1931, but for many years it was resisted as people linked to the two clubs, such as historian Antônio Mendes de Oliveira Castro, of rowing, and João Saldanha, of football, guaranteed that Regatas was "infiltrated with Fluminense supporters", which is, among Botafogo's biggest rivals, the only one that never had a department linked to this sport. In the 1940s, however, the union of the clubs was motivated by a tragedy: On 11 June 1942, the Regatas and Football clubs faced each other in a basketball match, for the Carioca Championship. Armando Albano, one of the main players of Botafogo Football Club and of the Brazilian National Team, left work late and arrived at the court with the game already in progress, at the end of the first half. During the break, Armando bent down to pick up a ball and collapsed on the court. He was promptly taken to the locker room and the game restarted. However, after a few minutes of trying to resuscitate him, the news of his death interrupted the match when the score was 23–21 for the football club. The decision to stop the game was made by Botafogo de Regatas, which abdicated the dispute so that Albano could have one last victory as tribute. Involved in a deep atmosphere of commotion, the leaders of the two associations opted for the merger of the clubs. From this date on, the procedure for the merger began, made official around six months later. Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas was born, with a few changes: The flag remained with the horizontal stripes in black and white, but the emblem with the intertwined letters BFC was replaced by a black rectangle with the Lone Star in white. The top rowing symbol was changed to the shape of the football badge, now on a black background with a white outline. Football. The 1900s and 1910s: The Glorious One ("O Glorioso") emerges. In 1906, Botafogo won the first trophy in its history, the Caxambu Cup, the first football competition in Rio de Janeiro, disputed by secondary teams. In the same year, it also participated in the first edition of the Carioca Championship, finishing in 4th place. Its first victory in the competition was against Bangu, 1–0, with a goal by Gilbert Hime at the Estádio das Laranjeiras. The following year, the club was involved in the first controversy in its history. At the end of the Carioca Championship, Botafogo was tied in points with Fluminense, but had less scored goals. While the rival declared itself the champion of that year, Botafogo contested the result because of its last game, against Internacional: The team from the north zone of the city did not show up for the match and the black-and-whites won by W.O., without having their goal difference counted. Feeling aggrieved at not having had the opportunity to score goals, the club asked for an extra match against Fluminense. The opponent did not accept the offer, since it declared itself champion based on the Metropolitan Football League's statute, which provided goal average as the tie-breaker. However, the statute had no value as a regulation and the championship decision dragged on for 89 years when finally, in 1996, both Botafogo and Fluminense were declared 1907 champions. In the 1909 Carioca Championship, the team finished as runner-up but went down in history by inflicting the biggest score ever in Brazilian football: 24–0 over Mangueira, a team from Tijuca. In the first half of the match, Botafogo scored 9–0 and, in the second half, 15–0. Since in those days each half of the match was 40 minutes long, Botafogo averaged one goal every 3.3 minutes. Gilbert Hime was the top scorer of the match, with nine goals, followed by Flávio Ramos, with seven. Monk and Lulu Rocha had two goals each and Raul Rodrigues, Dinorah, Henrique Teixeira, and Emmanuel Sodré completed the scoring. The memorable result is highlighted in the "Numbers Room" at the football Museum in the Pacaembu Stadium. In 1910, Botafogo won the Carioca Championship, scoring 66 goals in 10 games. After opening the season with a 4–1 loss to America, Botafogo recovered and scored several goals against their opponents throughout the competition: 9–1 and 15–1 against Riachuelo, 7–0 against Haddock Lobo, and 6–0 against Rio Cricket. In the quarter-finals, against rival Fluminense, Botafogo secured the cup with a score of 6–1 and three goals by Abelardo de Lamare, the top scorer of the competition. In the last game, another rout: 11–0 over Haddock Lobo. This historic campaign gave the club the nickname it has carried ever since: O Glorioso ("The Glorious One"). Also that year, Botafogo became champion of the Interstate Trophy after defeating AA Palmeiras, the then São Paulo state champions, with another rout: 7–2, with three goals by Abelardo de Lamare, three by Décio Viccari, and one by Mimi Sodré. In 1911, the club disassociated itself from the Metropolitan Athleticos Sports League (LMSA), an entity founded by Botafogo, Fluminense, America, Paissandu, Rio Cricket, and Riachuelo in 1908 to organize the Carioca Championship after the dissolution of the Metropolitan Football League a year earlier. In a match against America, Gabriel de Carvalho, a player from America, fouled Flávio Ramos violently, who retaliated and caused a generalized fight. The brothers Adhemaro and Abelardo de Lamare were punished by the LMSA with six and twelve months suspensions, respectively, which angered the Botafogo managers, culminating in their dismissal from the league. Because of this, Botafogo spent some time playing only friendly matches against teams from São Paulo. At the end of the same year, the club also gave up their headquarters in Campo da Rua Voluntários da Pátria, to make money. In 1912, it played the Carioca Championship for the Football Association of Rio de Janeiro (AFRJ), in the field of Rua São Clemente, and became champion. The 1910s and 1920s: the black-and-white hiatus. The period between 1912 and 1930 was Botafogo's first period without titles. However, two Carioca Second Division Championships were won, in 1915 and 1922. The club was runner-up in the Carioca Championship four times, in 1913, 1914, 1916, and 1918, and had several top scorers in the tournament until 1920, such as Mimi Sodré, Luís Menezes, Aluízio Pinto, and Arlindo Pacheco. The club also won the Carioca Championship four times, in 1913, 1914, 1916, and 1918. In the early 1910s, the club inaugurated the General Severiano Stadium and in the inaugural match, it defeated Flamengo 1–0, with a goal by Mimi Sodré. At this time, Botafogo also contributed to the creation of a very common term in Brazilian sports: The use of the expression "cartola" to refer to managers. In 1917, Dublin, one of Uruguay's best teams at the time, came to Rio de Janeiro for a season of friendly matches, including Botafogo. In the city, two Uruguayan directors appeared running ahead of their players to the middle of the field wearing tall, luxurious top hats ("cartola" in Portuguese), which originated the term. Another version states that it was the Botafogo officials who dressed up in tails and top hats to welcome the Uruguayans, to imitate the politicians of the Old Republic. In the 1920s, Botafogo's best result was 3rd place in the 1928 Carioca Championship. In 1923, the team was almost relegated: After finishing the competition in 8th and last place, Botafogo had to play a knockout match against Villa Isabel, B Division champion, to define who would play in the first division the following year. With a 3–1 victory at Estádio das Laranjeiras, Botafogo remained in the A Division. This period was also marked by a series of internal problems. In 1924, manager Oldemar Amaral Murtinho left the club, which led to the departure of striker Nilo, his nephew, and one of Botafogo's greatest idols, to rival Fluminense. The player only returned to Botafogo in 1927, two years after his uncle became the club's president. Nilo was the top scorer in that year's championship. 1930s: The four-time champion. Early in the decade, led by strikers Nilo and Carvalho Leite, Botafogo won the 1930 Carioca Championship. In 1931, they placed 4th in the State Championship and won the Rio-São Paulo State Champions Cup after beating Corinthians with a score of 7–1 in the return match, with four goals by Nilo. In 1932, it became champion with two rounds to spare, after defeating Bonsucesso Futebol Clube 5–4. Starting in 1933, two different leagues organized the Carioca Championship: The Metropolitan Football League Association (AMEA), responsible for the championship until then, and the Liga Carioca de Football (LCF), the result of a split promoted by the clubs that sought to professionalize football. Botafogo refused to change leagues and remained in the tournament organized by AMEA, being champions in 1933 and 1934. In 1935, AMEA disbanded and was incorporated by the newly created Metropolitan Sports Federation (FMD). In the first championship promoted by the new league, Botafogo once again took the title, becoming four-time champions and the first professional state champions recognized by the Brazilian Sports Confederation. In this last conquest, the team's highlight was Leônidas da Silva, an idol of rival Flamengo, who defended Botafogo from 1935 until early 1936, before transferring. In 1936, the club made its first international tour, to play friendly matches in Mexico and the United States. In nine matches, the team won six, drew one, and lost two. The following year, renovations began on the General Severiano Stadium, to expand it and put up new cement bleachers. In the reinauguration match in 1938, they won 3–2 over Fluminense. In this era, Botafogo lent players to the World cup. The edition with the largest number of players from the club called up was nine, in 1934, Italy: Goalkeepers Germano and Pedrosa, defender Octacílio, midfielders Ariel, Canalli, Martim Silveira and Waldyr, and the attacking duo Áttila and Carvalho Leite. 1940s: The fasting of Heleno de Freitas. In the early 1940s, especially after the merger of rowing and football in 1942, Botafogo had great players on its team, but failed to win titles. Names such as Gérson dos Santos, Tovar, and Zezé Procópio passed through the club without lifting a trophy. Besides them, one of the greatest idols in Botafogo's history, controversial striker Heleno de Freitas, also left the club without winning trophies, except for the 1947 Início Cup and smaller competitions. In the team from 1940 to 1948, Heleno scored 209 goals in 235 games with the black-and-white jersey and formed alongside Tesourinha, Zizinho, Jair Rosa Pinto and Ademir Menezes the offensive quintet considered the greatest in the history of the Brazilian National team. Despite that, it was only after Heleno's departure, in 1948, that Botafogo won the Carioca Championship again: After three consecutive runner-up finishes, the Glorioso debuted in that year's edition, defeated 4–0 by São Cristóvão. From then on, under coach Zezé Moreira and led on the field by Octávio Moraes and Sylvio Pirillo, the team never lost again in the competition. In the last match of the tournament, Botafogo defeated Vasco, the team nicknamed Expresso da Vitória ("Victory Express") by 3–1 and became champions. The 1948 Carioca Championship was also responsible for the emergence of one of the club's mascots. During the preliminary match between Botafogo and Madureira, the dog Biriba, which belonged to the reserve defender Macaé, invaded the field, as if celebrating the victory of the team by 10–2. Club president Carlito Rocha fell in love with the animal, especially due to its black and white fur, and decided to adopt it as a mascot. From then on, Biriba was present in every game of the club to "bring luck" and help out on the field: When Botafogo was behind, the dog was released on the field on Carlito Rocha's orders to stop the game. Inexplicably, every time this happened Botafogo managed to reverse the score. 1950s and 1960s: Golden Age. In the 1950s and 1960s, Botafogo lived one of its golden eras, with great stars of the Brazilian National Team in its team, such as Manga, Zagallo, Didi, Quarentinha, Amarildo, Roberto Miranda, Caju, Sebastião Leônidas, Paulo Valentim, Rogério, Gérson, and Carlos Roberto. Besides them, the greatest idols in Botafogo's history also played in this period: Nilton Santos, considered the greatest left-back of all time, and Garrincha, pointed out by some as the best football player in history. In 1951, the Glorioso placed third in the Santiago International Tournament and won the Municipal Tournament, being invited to play in the following year's Small Club World Cup, the first edition of the tournament, played in Venezuela. Playing against Real Madrid, La Salle, and the famous Millonarios, of Argentine star Di Stéfano, Botafogo finished the dispute undefeated, but in second place, tied in points with Real Madrid, and defeated in the goal average criteria. A year later, the club revealed Garrincha to the world: the star made his professional debut on 19 July 1953, scoring three goals in a 6–3 victory over Bonsucesso at the Maracanã. In international tournaments, the team was runner-up in the Montevideo Cup and placed fourth in the Buenos Aires Quadrangular. In 1957, the board innovated by inviting the sports columnist and club director João Saldanha to take command of the main team; even without experience in the position, João Sem Medo ("Fearless João"), as he was known, led the black-and-white squad to win the Carioca Championship. In the final, against Fluminense, Botafogo beat the rival 6–2, with five goals by Paulinho Valentim. To this day, the result is the highest score in the history of the state finals. In the same year, Botafogo competed again in the Small Club World Cup, this time against Barcelona, Sevilla, and three-time Uruguayan champion Nacional. However, Botafogo once again finished runner-up, behind Barcelona. The following year, the club lent its main players to the Brazilian National Team: Garrincha, Nilton Santos, Didi and Zagallo, which helped Brazil win the first world title. Even without the quartet, Botafogo won the João Teixeira de Carvalho Tournament against America. It was in this competition that the black-and-whites beat Vasco da Gama with a score of 5–0, the biggest win over the rival. Also in 1958, the club participated for the first time in the Mexico Pentagonal Tournament, finishing as runner-up. In 1959, it was defeated by Santos in the final of the Teresa Herrera Trophy. In 1960, Glorioso once again won a championship abroad, by winning the Torneio Internacional de Colombia. In the same year, the club lost striker Paulinho Valentim, traded to Boca Juniors. In 1961, Botafogo won the Início Cup and the Carioca Championship, after beating Flamengo 3–0 in the final round, with two goals by Amarildo. Abroad, it competed for the Orange Trophy and won the Triangular Tournament in Costa Rica. The following year, they won three titles: They were twice champions of the Carioca Championship, again defeating Flamengo 3–0 in the final round; they won the Rio-São Paulo Tournament for the first time; and they also won the Pentagonal Tournament in Mexico. Still in 1962, Garrincha led the Brazilian National Team in the campaign for the World Cup title, in a team that included five other Botafogo players. The year 1963 began with the final round of the Campeonato Brasileiro. Botafogo reached the final against Santos, its biggest rival at the time, but ended up defeated. In the Libertadores Cup, there was another loss to the Santos team, this time in the semi-finals. The most notable achievement of the season was the Paris International Tournament when Botafogo beat Racing Paris with a goal by Quarentinha in the 40th minute. The revenge against the Santos team came in the Rio-São Paulo Tournament of 1964. After finishing the initial phase tied at the top, Botafogo and Santos would face each other in two extra games to decide the championship. In the first match, at the Maracanã Stadium, the team from Rio de Janeiro defeated their rivals 3–2. The return match, however, never took place, as both clubs went on tour abroad. Thus, both Botafogo and Santos were declared champions. In international territories, Glorioso won two titles: The Panamaribo Cup, in Suriname, and the Golden Jubilee Tournament, in La Paz. In the Ibero-American Tournament, in Buenos Aires, the club faced Barcelona, River Plate, and Boca Juniors. The Brazilian team and the Argentine duo finished tied on points and, without enough dates for extra games, there was no champion. The end of 1964 marked theitsfarewell of Nilton Santos, who was retiring from football. With 721 games for Glorioso, and having never played for a team other than the Brazilian National team, the left-back played his last match for Botafogo in a 1–0 victory against Flamengo. In 1965, another departure: Haunted by a lot of pain in his right knee, Garrincha could no longer play his best football. The year before, the number 7 had decided to have surgery on his meniscus to try to solve the problem. However, the player chose to have the operation done by America's doctor, which caused dissatisfaction among the black-and-white team's managers. The relationship between club and idol was no longer the same, and in September 1965, Garrincha played his last match for Botafogo, in a 2–1 victory against Portuguesa-RJ. Even with the departure of its greatest idols, Botafogo continued its winning trajectory: With two victories over Santos, it won the Círculo de Periódicos Esportivos Cup in 1966. In the same year, it also won the Carranza Cup in Buenos Aires. At the end of the decade, the team won the Caracas Triangular Trophy three times, in 1967, 1968, and 1970, as well as the Mexico Hexagonal Tournament in 1968. In 1967 and 1968, coached by Zagallo, the black-and-whites were twice champions of the Guanabara Cup and the Carioca Championship, with historic victories over America, Bangu, Vasco da Gama, and Flamengo. In 1969, Botafogo was the champion of the 1968 Brazil Cup. More than 30 years later, the Brazilian Football Confederation recognized the tournament as an edition of the Brazilian Championship, and the achievement became considered the club's first Brazilian title. 1970s and 1980s: 21 years of drama. For 21 years, Botafogo did not win any official title. From the Brazil Cup of 1968 until the Carioca Championship of 1989, the club collected runner-up finishes, third and fourth positions. The final stretch of the 1971 Carioca Championship was negatively marked. Botafogo had four players who had won the World Cup the previous year (Carlos Alberto Torres, Brito, Paulo César Caju, and Jairzinho), and dominated the competition, with a clear lead over second-placed Fluminense. However, the black-and-whites stumbled in the last rounds and were unable to secure the title beforehand. In the last match, against Fluminense, Botafogo needed at least a draw. At 43 minutes of the second half, Fluminense scored the winning goal in a controversial move involving Fluminense's fullback Marco Antônio and Botafogo's goalkeeper Ubirajara, who claimed to have been pushed. On the rebound, Lula scored the title goal, ending Botafogo's chances. In the Brazilian Championship, the team reached the semi-finals with São Paulo and Atlético Mineiro, but lost both matches and placed third. The following year, once again, the title escaped Botafogo. They reached the final of the Brazilian Championship after eliminating Corinthians in the semi-final. In the final against Palmeiras, a 0–0 draw gave the title to the São Paulo team, which had scored more points during the competition. The 1972 Brazilian Championship was also a highlight for the black-and-whites as they beat their biggest rival Flamengo with a score of 6–0, on the day of the latter's birthday. In 1973, Botafogo returned to play in the Libertadores Cup after ten years. In the first round, the black-and-whites led their group, made up of Uruguayan and Brazilian teams. However, as they had tied with Palmeiras in the number of points, the regulations required an extra match to define the qualifier. At Maracanã, Botafogo won 2–1 and advanced in the competition. In the semi-final round, they were eliminated in a triangular match alongside Cerro Porteño and Colo Colo, the eventual runner-up. Two years later, Glorioso won the Augusto Pereira da Mota Cup, equivalent to the second round of the Carioca Championship. In the state championship final, however, they were once again runners-up against Fluminense. The following season, they won the second round of the Carioca Championship, this time called the José Wânder Rodrigues Mendes Cup. In 1976, involved in a serious financial crisis, Botafogo sold its headquarters in General Severiano to Vale do Rio Doce; this fact highlighted the chaotic situation of the club and generated anger among many supporters and managers, such as former president Carlito Rocha. Former defender Nilton Santos stated that "they were killing Botafogo's glories" and that "his Botafogo no longer existed." Before transferring the football department to the Marechal Hermes neighborhood, Glorioso was left with no field to train, since the new stadium was to be inaugurated in 1978. At this time, Botafogo ended up being nicknamed "Time do Camburão" ("Paddy Wagon Team") because it stopped having great stars in its team and began having more seasoned and problematic players who, even with some talent, could not stay long in the team. However, it was during this period that the club set two Brazilian football records: The largest number of unbeaten games in national football (52 games) and the longest unbeaten streak in Brazilian Championship matches (42 games). Despite these achievements, the club finished the Championship in 5th position in 1977 and 9th place in the 1978 edition. In 1979, Botafogo played only seven games and finished in 53rd position, its worst rank in the history of the competition. In 1981, the club once again had a good campaign. With players such as Paulo Sérgio, Mendonça, and Marcelo Oliveira in the team, Botafogo reached the semi-final of the Brazilian Championship, against São Paulo. In the first match, at the Maracanã stadium, the team won 1–0. In the return match, at the Morumbi, there was much confusion: Botafogo's managers and players accused the São Paulo team of coercing the referee at half-time, when the black-and-whites were leading 2–1. The game took 35 minutes to restart and, in the return, São Paulo managed to turn the score, eliminating the Rio de Janeiro club. In addition, the match was marked by several controversial moves and a penalty poorly scored by referee Bráulio Zannoto in favor of the hosts. In the 1986 Brazilian Championship, more confusion: The regulations provided for a reduction in the number of clubs from 48 to 28 teams the following year. Since Botafogo finished the competition in 31st place, they should not have qualified for the 1987 Brazilian Championship. However, a legal imbroglio involving Vasco da Gama, Joinville, and Portuguesa caused the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) to change the regulations of the 1986 Championship during the competition, allowing more teams to advance to the second round. The case caused a crisis in Brazilian football and opened the way for the creation of the Clube dos 13 ("Club of the 13"). Since CBF had already declared it could not afford to organize the 1987 Brazilian Championship, the newly created Clube dos 13 promoted the União Cup, with the participation of the founding clubs (among them Botafogo) and three other invited teams: Coritiba, Santa Cruz, and Goiás. Later, with the commercial success of the new competition, CBF went back and created its own Brazilian Championship, with the clubs "excluded" by the União Cup. In the year of 1988, Botafogo remained in the Brazilian Championship, along with all the teams in the União Cup. The black-and-whites finished that year's edition in 17th place, eliminated in the first round. The most striking moment of that campaign was the 3–0 defeat to Vasco da Gama: At the end of the match, Botafogo's ball girl Sonja Martinelli, 11 years old, fell into tears and declared her love for the club. Botafogo had been 20 years without winning an official title. From winning the Brazil Cup in 1968 until 1989, Botafogo's best results had been summer tournaments won abroad, such as the Triangular Trophy in Caracas and the City Trophy in Palma de Mallorca. The title drought was coming to an end: on 21 June 1989, Botafogo, led by Mauro Galvão, Paulinho Criciúma, and Josimar, won the Carioca Championship, undefeated, after beating Flamengo of Zico, Bebeto, and Leonardo. The first match of the decision ended in a 0–0 draw. In the second game, Botafogo won with a controversial goal by striker Maurício, number 7, after a cross from Mazolinha. 1990s: More titles and the "Tuliomania". The year after one of the most important titles in its history, the black-and-whites repeated their triumph in the State Championship. This time, in a controversial final against Vasco, with names such as Valdeir, Carlos Alberto Dias, Carlos Alberto Santos, and Djair in the team. In 1992, the club returned to play a Brazilian Championship final match after twenty years, against rival Flamengo. On the eve of the first duel, a controversy erupted: The team's star player at the time, Renato Gaúcho, made a bet with the Flamengo center forward Gaúcho that, if Botafogo lost, he would make a barbecue for the opponents. With the 3–0 loss, Renato paid the bet and displeased president Emil Pinheiro and the black-and-whites fans, causing his dismissal from the second match. In the return match, without Renato, Botafogo went behind, but managed to draw 2–2. The match was also marked by the biggest tragedy in the history of the Maracanã: About 30 minutes before the ball was to start rolling, the guardrail on the upper tier, where the Flamengo fans were located, gave way and several people fell, also hitting those in the lower tier. In all, 3 people died and 90 were injured. After the event, the stadium was closed for seven months. With second place in the Brazilian Championship, Botafogo qualified for the 1993 CONMEBOL Cup. With no first-choice players from the good, campaign of the previous season and not enough money to buy balls for training, the Glorioso team still won the first official international title in its history. Coached by Carlos Alberto Torres, with a weak team, striker Sinval and goalkeeper Willian Bacana as the standouts, Botafogo beat Bragantino, Caracas, from Venezuela, and favorites Atlético Mineiro, before reaching the final match against Peñarol, from Uruguay. In the first meeting in Montevideo, the match was a 1–1 draw. The result encouraged the Botafogo fans, who crowded outside the Maracanã Stadium on the day of the second leg in search of tickets. Without tickets for everyone, the solution was to open the gates of the stadium. It is estimated that the public exceeded 40 thousand people, although only 26,276 paid for the tickets. On the field, the 2–2 draw took the decision to a penalty shootout. With two saves by Willian Bacana, Botafogo won 3–1 and secured the trophy. Parallel to the victorious campaign in the South American tournament, the team had a poor Brazilian Championship, finishing in 31st place. The following year, the club was invited by CONMEBOL to compete in the South American Recopa against São Paulo, champions of the Libertadores Cup and Libertadores Supercup. In a single match, played in Kōbe, Japan, the black-and-whites were defeated 3–1, finishing as runners-up. The year 1994 was also marked by the club's return to the General Severiano headquarters, after regaining possession of the property two years earlier. In the Brazilian Championship, the team placed 5th, eliminated in the quarterfinals by Atlético Mineiro. With nineteen goals, Túlio Maravilha was the top scorer of the competition, alongside Amoroso of Guarani. In 1995, Túlio continued to rise. In the Carioca Championship, he was again the top scorer with 27 goals, and called himself the "King of Rio" ("Rei do Rio"), competing with strikers Renato Gaúcho, from Fluminense; Romário, from Flamengo; and Valdir Bigode, from Vasco da Gama. Despite the goals, the black-and-whites finished third in the tournament. The great glory of the year would come with the Brazilian Championship title, the club's first since the competition was organized by CBF. Besides Tulio, the black-and-whites squad included names such as Gonçalves, Donizete, Sérgio Manoel, Wilson Gottardo, and Wágner, led by then-new coach Paulo Autuori. Despite late salaries and disunity among the players, the team had a good campaign and reached the final against Santos, after eliminating Cruzeiro in the semi-final. In the first match of the final, Glorioso won 2–1, at Maracanã. The goal difference could have been greater if referee Sidrack Marinho dos Santos had not disallowed a legal goal by Túlio. Even with the victory, the team and fans were apprehensive, as Santos had reversed a much larger advantage in the semi-final against Fluminense when they lost 4–1 in Rio de Janeiro and won 5–2 at home. In the return match, in Pacaembu, there were many controversies: Referee Márcio Rezende de Freitas made three decisive errors during the match, two in favor of Botafogo and one in favor of Santos. At the end of the duel, a 1–1 draw secured the trophy for the Rio de Janeiro team and the presence of Túlio Maravilha in the gallery of the club's greatest idols. This time, the striker was the lone top scorer of the championship, with 23 goals. In the following season, the club disposed of most of its players, but still won titles: The main ones were the Cidade Maravilhosa Cup and the Teresa Herrera Trophy, against Juventus, champions of the Champions League. Botafogo also won the Nippon Ham Cup, in Osaka, Japan, and the Russian President's Tournament, in the city of Vladikavkaz. In the Libertadores Cup, it was eliminated in the round of 16 by Grêmio. In the Brazilian Championship, it finished in 17th place. In 1997, Botafogo won another Carioca Championship, once again against Vasco da Gama, thanks to a goal by backup Dimba. In 1998, with the base of the previous year's Carioca championship team, the club won the Rio-São Paulo Tournament for the fourth time, beating São Paulo. In the first match at the Morumbi, with two turnovers, Botafogo won 3–2. In the return match, at the Maracanã, a draw secured the black-and-whites title. In 1999, coached by Bebeto and Rodrigo, Botafogo were runners-up in the Brazil Cup after losing the final to Juventude. The return match was marked by an attendance of 101,581 fans at Maracanã, the last time the stadium hosted over 100,000 people. The duel also records the largest attendance in the history of the Brazil Cup. At the turn of the century, Botafogo was elected by FIFA as one of the greatest clubs of the 20th century, in a list with only two other Brazilian clubs, rivals Santos and Flamengo. The 2000s: Era of crisis. Since the early 2000s, Botafogo had been on the merge of relegation in the Brazilian Championship. Poor campaigns were held in 1999 – when the club escaped thanks to points won in Superior Court of Sport Justice due to the Sandro Hiroshi case – in 2000 and 2001. Relegation eventually happened in 2002. Weak teams, late salaries, poor administrative management, low attendance at stadiums, and the beginning of repressive movements of organized fans were hallmarks of this dramatic period in the Glorioso's history. Before the 2002 Brazilian Championship, Botafogo suffered with the departure of several players before the beginning of the competition. The team that in other years was led by Rodrigo and Dodô, among others, had as highlights defender Sandro and midfielder Galeano. Coached for most of the championship by Ivo Wortmann, the team failed to consolidate itself and, already under the command of Carlos Alberto Torres, who took over in the last matches of the competition, it was relegated after losing to São Paulo 1–0, with a goal by Dill. At the end of that year, the presidential term of Mauro Ney Palmeiro ended, and he was replaced by Bebeto de Freitas, a former athlete and volleyball coach. With debts with players and businessmen, no place to train, no sponsors, and no stadium that could support its fans, in addition to players asking not to play for the club anymore, Botafogo was going through its biggest crisis ever. The 2003 Carioca Championship was used as a test, but the team did not qualify for the semi-finals. In the B Series, Botafogo started its trajectory by losing to Vila Nova, in Goiânia, by 2–1. The first victory would only come in the third round, away from home, against CRB, by 3–0. During the competition, the club came to lead the championship but finished second place in the first phase. In the second phase, it was again in second place in its group, behind Marília. In the final quadrangular against Palmeiras, Marília, and Sport, Glorioso gained access to the A Series with a round in advance, after defeating Marília by 3–1, at Caio Martins. At the end of the competition, the team led by players like Sandro, Túlio Guerreiro, Valdo, and Leandrão finished as runners-up. In 2004, the club's centennial year, the team again had poor campaigns, being eliminated early in the Carioca Championship and the Brazil Cup. In the main Series of the Brazilian Championship, they escaped a second relegation in the last round, by drawing 1–1 with Athletico Paranaense, in Curitiba. Starting in 2005, Botafogo began a process of administrative stabilization that was gradually reflected in the field. In 2006, led by former player Carlos Roberto and with players such as Dodô, Lúcio Flávio, Zé Roberto, and Scheidt, the team ended a period of eight years without titles, winning its first titles in the 21st century: It won the Guanabara Cup against America and, later, the Carioca Championship, against Madureira. Still, in 2006, Cuca would take over as coach. His work would bear good fruit the following year, when, playing modern football, the team guided by Dodô, Zé Roberto, Lúcio Flávio, Jorge Henrique, and Túlio Guerreiro, would draw attention, being nicknamed "Carrossel Alvinegro" ("Black and white Carousel"). Despite playing good football, 2007 was marked by a lack of titles and traumatic defeats. In the Carioca Championship, the black-and-whites won the Rio Cup against Cabofriense, but were state runners-up after two 2–2 draws against Flamengo and a defeat on penalties. In the second leg of the championship, the assistant referee Hilton Moutinho Rodrigues marked offside in a legal move of striker Dodô, in the 44th minute of the 2nd half, which angered players and management, since the striker was also expelled by referee Djalma Beltrami. In the Brazil Cup, another destabilizing defeat: The team was eliminated in the semifinals by Figueirense, in a match that had two goals disallowed by assistant referee Ana Paula Oliveira, who was removed from the sport. In the Brazilian Championship, Botafogo began the campaign well and led the tournament for 11 rounds, finishing the first half in second place. However, internal problems generated a major drop in performance that caused the team to fall down the table, ending the year in 9th place. Also in 2007, in the Sudamericana Cup, the team fell in the round of 16 to River Plate after conceding a goal in the 47th, despite having a difference of two players. Without titles on the pitch, the milestone of the year for Botafogo was the winning of the Nilton Santos Olympic Stadium, at the time called João Havelange Olympic Stadium. The concessionaire Companhia Botafogo leased the arena, built for the 2007 Pan American Games, until the year 2027. In 2008, Botafogo won the Peregrino Cup, which was played by teams from Rio de Janeiro and Norway, in the middle of the pre-season. However, in official tournaments, the black-and-whites achieved similar results to the previous year. It won the Rio Cup against Fluminense, but was runner-up again against Flamengo. In the Brazil Cup, Botafogo was eliminated for the second time in a row in the semi-finals, this time being defeated by Corinthians on penalties. In the 2008 Sudamericana Cup, the Glorioso fell to another Argentine team, Estudiantes de La Plata, this time in the quarterfinals. In the Brazilian Championship, it finished in 7th place. In 2009, Mauricio Assumpção was elected president of the club and immediately found serious budgetary restrictions to reformulate the team. But even though the team was discredited, it won the Guanabara Cup. In the Rio Cup, the team reached the final, but missed the chance to win the Carioca Championship by losing to Flamengo due to an own goal by defender Emerson. During the first game of the state final, Botafogo struggled when it saw midfielder Maicosuel, the team's best player, and striker Reinaldo injured in the same move and replaced while winning the match. The team eventually succumbed for the third time in the final to Flamengo, after two 2–2 draws, again on penalties. In the Brazil Cup, the team did poorly and was eliminated in the second round to Americano, on penalties. In the Brazlian Championship, the poor start cost the job of coach Ney Franco, who was replaced by Estevam Soares. The campaign continued to be poor and the team frequented the relegation zone for several rounds but managed to secure itself in the 2010 A Series thanks to a victory over title contenders Palmeiras in the last round. The 2010s: A Decade of Ups and Downs. In 2010, the club brought in the Uruguayan Loco Abreu, who received the number 13 jersey from Zagallo, which excited the fans. In the Carioca Championship, however, the team suffered a 6–0 defeat against Vasco da Gama in the third round of the Guanabara Cup, which cost Estevam Soares his job, who got replaced by Joel Santana. Joel had already coached the team in 1997 and 2000, winning the state championship in his first stint. When he arrived at Botafogo, he worked on the players' self-esteem, and the team gradually improved its results. A goal by young Caio, who would become known as the "talisman", against Flamengo, put the team in the final of the Guanabara Cup. The title was secured after a victory against Vasco, 2–0. In the Rio Cup, Botafogo faced Fluminense in the semi-finals and beat the latter 3–2. In the final against Flamengo, with panenka penalty goals by Herrera and Abreu, and Jefferson saving a penalty shot by Adriano, the black-and-whites won 2–1 and secured the state title in advance. In the Brazil Cup, the team did not go far: They were eliminated by Santa Cruz in the second round. In the Brazilian Championship, Botafogo was in the relegation zone, but improved its performance and climbed up the table, even fighting for a spot in the Libertadores Cup. The classification, however, did not come after a defeat to Grêmio in the last round. Even so, the club had some achievements: Jefferson was called to play for the Brazilian National team, being the first player from the club to reach the national team in 12 years, after Gonçalves and Bebeto. Before that, Loco Abreu played in the 2010 World Cup for Uruguay, becoming the first black-and-whites player in World Cups after 12 years. In 2011, Botafogo had a bad start to the season, which led to Joel's dismissal and the hiring of Caio Júnior. Still, the change was not enough to save the first semester, which ended with the team being eliminated early in both the Carioca Championship and the Brazil Cup. However, in the Brazilian Championship, Botafogo had an outstanding campaign and again fought for a spot in the Libertadores Cup. Prioritizing the national title, they used backup players in the Sudamericana Cup and were eliminated in the round of 16 by Santa Fe of Colombia. In the final stretch of the Brazilian Championship, the team suffered seven losses in nine games and finished the competition in 9th place. Coach Caio Júnior was fired after the setback against América Mineiro, and was replaced by Flávio Tênius in the last three matches. Because of the disappointing campaign, the club's management dismissed several players. In 2012, Botafogo hired Oswaldo de Oliveira as the coach. The only major team in Rio outside the Libertadores, the team dedicated itself to the Carioca Championship and was the only team to finish both the Guanabara and Rio cups undefeated. In the finals against Fluminense, however, the Glorioso was defeated 4–1, ending their title chances. In the same week, Botafogo not only lost its unbeaten streak but also the chance of competing for the first semester titles: A 2–1 loss to Vitória, in the Engenhão, in the round of 16 of the Brazil Cup and another loss to Fluminense in the second leg of the Carioca final, confirming the runner-up spot. In the Brazilian championship, the club made its biggest signing in recent years and the biggest in Brazilian football this season, bringing in Dutch star Seedorf. The player was officially presented on 7 July, before the team's 8th round match against Bahia, at Engenhão which ended a 3–0 win. However, in the Dutchman's debut, the team suffered a 1–0 loss to Grêmio. Seedorf's first goal would come two weeks later, in Goiânia, against Atlético Goianiense, from a free-kick. In the Copa Sudamericana, the team disappointed again and was eliminated in the first round to Palmeiras. In the Brazilian championship, the black-and-whites finished in 7th position. In 2013, however, Seedorf led the team in the Carioca Championship, which Botafogo won along with the Guanabara and Rio cups, against Vasco and Fluminense, respectively. The Brazilian championship also started well for the black-and-whites, who led the competition for six rounds. However, with the sales of Fellype Gabriel and the revelation Vitinho, in addition to the problems with salary delays, the team faced some instability; it was eliminated by Flamengo in the quarterfinals of the Brazil Cup, defeated 4–0. Even with the irregularity in the final half of the season, the team managed to finish the Brazilian championship in 4th place, securing a spot in the 2014 Libertadores Cup after an 18-year absence in the continental competition. In the first half of 2014, using backup players for almost the entire competition, Botafogo had its worst campaign in the history of the Carioca Championship, with four wins, five draws, and six losses, a 37.8% record and negative goal difference, finishing 9th among 16 participants. In the Libertadores Cup, despite the unrestricted support of the fans, who filled the Maracanã stadium for the team's four matches, Botafogo was eliminated in the group stage. In the Brazil Cup, the team entered the round of 16 and eliminated Ceará in a historic game: A 4–3 come-from-behind win at the Castelão, with goals in the 49th and 50th minutes of the second half. But in the next round, the black-and-whites were once again a disappointment and were eliminated by Santos, 5–0 in Pacaembu. In the Brazilian Championship, with a weak team and delayed salaries, the club had one of the worst campaigns in its history and was relegated for the second time to the B Series, after another defeat to Santos, 2–0, in the 37th round. In 2015, Botafogo won the Guanabara Cup, but finished runner-up in the state championship after losing the final to Vasco. In the Brazil Cup, they were eliminated by Figueirense at home. The result, coupled with an inconsistent performance in the B Series, culminated in the dismissal of coach René Simões. Ricardo Gomes was hired in his place and, even though challenged and with a weak team, won the title of the competition and secured a return to the main series ahead of schedule. In 2016, the black-and-whites were again runners-up in the Carioca Championship after losing to Vasco in the final. In the Brazil Cup, Botafogo was eliminated in the round of 16 by Cruzeiro, beaten 5–2 in the first leg, and defeated 1–0 in the return one. In the Brazilian Championship, the club started very poorly, finishing the first half of the season in the relegation zone. In the second half of the competition, after Ricardo Gomes left for São Paulo and Jair Ventura took over as coach, Glorioso recovered and finished the championship in 5th place, securing a spot in the Libertadores Cup. In early 2017, Botafogo's focus turned to the preliminary round of the Libertadores Cup. The black-and-whites entered the competition in the second round, facing Colo-Colo right from the start and eliminating the Chilean rival after a win and a draw. In the third and final preliminary round, the opponent was Olimpia. Again, the team from Rio de Janeiro managed to advance, this time on penalties after goalkeeper Gatito Fernández, who entered during the return leg, saved three penalties from the Paraguayans. Because of the first matches in the continental competition, the club used backup players in the Guanabara Cup and failed to advance from the group stage. In the Rio Cup, meanwhile, the team finished runner-up after losing the final to Vasco. In the overall semi-final of the state championship, the team's main rival was Flamengo. Also in the first half of the year, Glorioso secured qualification for the final round of the Libertadores by finishing first in their group, ahead of Barcelona de Guayaquil, Estudiantes, and defending champion Atlético Nacional. In the second semester, Botafogo debuted directly in the round of 16 of the Brazil Cup and eliminated Sport and Atlético Mineiro, but ended up defeated in the semi-final by Flamengo. In the round of 16 of the Libertadores, the club defeated Nacional with two wins, but was no match for Grêmio, which would become the champion of this edition, and left the competition in the quarterfinals. Despite the elimination, Botafogo went down in Libertadores history as the club that eliminated the most champions of the tournament in a single edition – five in total, surpassing the record of Once Caldas which dispatched four champions in the 2004 Libertadores. In the Brazilian Championship, however, the balance was negative: After an uneven start, the team established itself and spent 14 rounds in the qualifying zone for next year's Libertadores, but lost the spot in the last round after finishing in 10th place. Just like the end of the previous season, the year 2018 began in crisis: As it had done with Jair Ventura, who moved to Santos, the board hired the inexperienced Felipe Conceição, until then an assistant, as a coach. But this time the bet did not work out and Botafogo suffered two eliminations early in the season, which culminated in the coach's dismissal: They lost in the semifinal of the Guanabara Cup to Flamengo and were eliminated in the first round of the Brazil Cup to Aparecidense, a team from the D Series of the Brazilian Championship. Directed by Alberto Valentim, the team rose in performance and reached the high point in the final round of the Carioca Championship: They overcame Flamengo, main rivals of the Guanabara Cup, 1–0 in the overall semi-final and advanced to face Vasco in the grand final. In the first match of the final, the 3–2 defeat, coming from behind and conceding a goal in the last minute at the Nilton Santos Stadium, gave Vasco the advantage of a draw in the next match. In the return match, however, Botafogo, in front of almost 65,000 people at the Maracanã, had Argentinean defender Joel Carli score the goal of the victory by 1–0 in the 50th minute of the 2nd half. In the penalty shootout, once again the highlight was Gatito Fernández, who defended two penalties and secured Glorioso its 21st state title In the middle of the year, Valentim accepted an offer in Egypt and left the club, being replaced by the experienced but little-known Marcos Paquetá. The new commander lasted only five games, accumulating four losses and one victory, being soon replaced by Zé Ricardo. Already under his fourth coach in the season, Botafogo reached the round of 16 of the Sudamericana Cup but was eliminated on penalties to Bahia. In the Brazilian Championship, the team was irregular and fought against the last positions throughout the competition, but took off in the final stretch and finished in 9th place. The year 2018 also marked the last season of the idol Jefferson: At 35 years old and with 459 matches for Botafogo, behind only Nilton Santos and Garrincha in the list of athletes whom most times wore the club's jersey, the goalkeeper retired after a 2–1 victory against Paraná, in a game of the semi-finals of the Brazilian Championship. In 2019, Botafogo had a bad season: In the Carioca Championship, it did not qualify in any of the rounds and finished only in 8th place. In the Brazil Cup, it was eliminated in the third round to Juventude, while in the Sudamericana Cup, the main rival was Atlético Mineiro. In the Brazilian Championship, the club spent almost the entire competition in the middle of the rankings and fought against relegation in the final rounds, finishing in the 15th position, without qualifying for the Sudamericana the following year. Behind the scenes, the year was marked by protests by players, controversial statements by managers, and a significant financial crisis, controlled with the help of loans coming from "influential Botafogo supporters." 2020's. After the previous troubled years, the 2020 season began under great expectations for the creation of the so-called "Botafogo S/A": A project with investors for the professionalization of the football department. However, the idea never got off the paper and the season turned out to be chaotic for Botafogo, exposing the size of the financial, political, and sporting crisis in the club. In an atypical year due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in which the Brazilian football calendar was paralyzed for about three months and matches were played without attendance, black-and-whites fans celebrated from afar the signings of two internationally renowned stars: The Japanese Keisuke Honda and the Ivorian Salomon Kalou. However, the athletes never performed as well as the rest of the team, and in all, there were eight coaches throughout the season (including Argentine Ramón Díaz, who never made his debut, and three interims). The scenario was reflected in the poor results: In the Carioca Championship, only a 5th-place finish; in the Brazil Cup, an elimination in the round of 16 against Cuiabá; and in the Brazilian Championship, the team made its worst campaign regarding points – the fourth worst among all teams in the format's history – and was relegated for the third time. In the 2021 season, Botafogo hired Marcelo Chamusca as the coach, placed 6th in the Carioca Championship, and was eliminated by ABC in the second round of the Brazil Cup. Even with the poor results, Chamusca stayed for the B Series, but the team's performance remained erratic and the coach was fired after ten rounds, being replaced by Enderson Moreira. Only under the new coach, the work of restructuring and reorganization of the club (marked by the hiring of director of football Eduardo Freeland and CEO Jorge Braga) began to bear fruit on the field. With the highlight of players like Chay and Rafael Navarro, coupled with a strong performance at home in the Nilton Santos Stadium, Botafogo imposed itself during the competition, conquered the access, and became second-time champion of the B Series of the Brazilian Championship with one round in advance, in an edition considered "the most difficult in history", which counted with major rivals such as Cruzeiro and Vasco da Gama. Basketball. 1930s and 1940s: First titles and merger. In the 1930s, Botafogo Football Club competed in basketball competitions through the Metropolitan Basketball Association (AMB), which promoted editions of the Carioca Championship from 1933 to 1937, all won by the club. At the end of the decade, they joined the Rio de Janeiro State Basketball Federation (FBERJ), then called the Carioca Basketball League, and won the 1939 Carioca Championship. On the other hand, Club de Regatas Botafogo had already disputed the FBERJ tournament, winning the runner-up spot in 1934 and 1937. The FBERJ does not consider and does not count the AMB championships as official in its documents. In the early 1940s, the sport was responsible for the merger of the clubs and the creation of the current Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas. During a game between the two teams, in the Carioca Championship, Armando Albano, one of the main scorers of Botafogo Football Club and the Brazilian National Team, suffered a sudden heart failure on the court. After the player was taken to the locker room, the match restarted, but soon the news of his death interrupted the confrontation, which was 23–21 to the football club. Enveloped in a deep atmosphere of commotion after the tragedy, the presidents Eduardo Góis Trindade, of football, and Augusto Frederico Schmidt, of rowing, promoted the merger of the clubs, made official on 8 December of that year. Still, in 1942, Botafogo Football Club once again became state champion, a feat that Botafogo de Futebol e Regatas would repeat in the next three years, in 1943, 1944, and 1945. The Glorioso also won the 1947 tournament, establishing a hegemony in Rio de Janeiro. 1950s and 1960s: National pioneer. The first edition of the Carioca Women's Basketball Championship was played in 1952 and three years later Botafogo won its first state title. The club was also runner-up in the 1956 and 1959 seasons. In the 1950s the club only obtained conquests thanks to the women, but the 1960s had titles from both sexes. The women's team, led by Martha, won the state championship four times in 1960, 1961, 1962, and 1963; the men's team won the Carioca Championship three times from 1966 to 1968. In 1967, Botafogo went down in history as the first Rio de Janeiro club to win the national basketball championship by winning the Brazil Cup, the country's main competition at the time. The final match was played at the Club Municipal gymnasium, against Corinthians, which had been champion the previous two years. The match began with an advantage for the São Paulo club, but Botafogo recovered and dominated the action from the second half on. With a shot by Raimundo and a missed free throw by Amaury at the end of the game, apart from the 23 points of the top scorer César, the Glorioso won by 85–84 and took the trophy. With the Brazilian title, Botafogo secured a spot in the 1967 Sudamericano Championship, in Chile. The team from General Severiano finished the tournament in third place. Soon after, the Glorioso showed interest in hosting another edition of the Sudamericano Championship, considered the official one, which was scheduled to take place the same year; however, due to a lack of competitors, the 1967 tournament did not take place. Thus, Botafogo was declared South America's representative for the 1968 FIBA Intercontinental Cup in the United States. The Rio de Janeiro club placed fourth in the World Championship, after being outplayed in both of its matches. In the semi-final, it was defeated by the North American Akron Wingfoots, and in the third-place match, it succumbed to Olimpia Milano of Italy. 1990s and 2000s: Resurgence and crisis. After two decades of financial crisis and no victories in the sport – the best placing was runner-up in the 1973 Carioca Championship. Botafogo returned to glory in the courts in the 1990s. In 1991, they defeated Flamengo in both games of the final and became the state champion. In women's, the club took the cup in 1995, also defeating Flamengo, this time in the semi-final. In 1999 and 2000, with a team filled with stars such as Marcelinho, Alexey, Keith Nelson, Mãozão, and Arnaldinho, the Glorioso reached the state final twice in a row, but ended up defeated by Flamengo and Vasco, respectively. In the 2001 National Championship, Botafogo eliminated Fluminense in the quarterfinals but lost to COC/Ribeirão Preto in the three-out-of-five series. Despite the good campaigns, the club ended up closing the professional department in 2002. In women's, Botafogo was the state champion in 2006. Years 2010: Debut in the NBB and continental title. In 2012, the black-and-whites returned to compete in an edition of the Carioca Championship, but with a practically amateur team. The return to professional basketball only happened in 2015, when the club competed in the state championship with Flamengo and Macaé. With a much lower investment compared to their rivals, Botafogo finished the competition in third place, with only one victory. In the same year that it returned to the sport in men's, the club announced the end of the professional women's team. In the 2016 Carioca Championship, Glorioso faced Flamengo, Macaé and Vasco. Despite the signings of Americans Phillip Flowers and Wesley Russel, the team lost every game in the qualifying round. In the semi-final, it was eliminated by Flamengo after two losses. In the Super Cup Brazil, a tournament equivalent to the third division of national basketball at the time, Botafogo was eliminated by Santos-AP. In 2017, Botafogo played for the first time in the Golden League, a competition equivalent to the second division of Brazilian basketball, which gives access to the Novo Basquete Brasil (NBB). In the qualifying round, the team finished in first place with 11 wins in 16 games. After eliminating Blumenau in the semi-final, Botafogo became champion by beating Joinville/AABJ in the final. American point guard Jamaal Smith, signed less than three weeks before the tournament debut, was named MVP of both the regular season and the playoffs. With the title, Botafogo secured its participation in the tenth edition of the NBB. The debut in Novo Basquete Brasil took place on 16 November, at the Oscar Zelaya Gymnasium, against Pinheiros. The first victory in the history of the competition came in the next game: In a balanced game, the black-and-whites defeated Liga Sorocabana 70–64. At the end of the first phase, Botafogo advanced to the playoffs as the last-ranked team, in 12th place. After a thrilling first game, when it was defeated only in the overtime, the team was no match for its Rio Grande do Sul rival in the following confrontations and ended up eliminated from the competition, losing the series 3–0. For the 2018–19 season, Botafogo hired coach Léo Figueiró, a former player of the club, and reinforced itself with names such as guard Coelho, small forward Arthur, and centers Ansaloni and Murilo Becker, in addition to Cauê Borges, elected the best small forward/marker in the previous edition of the NBB, when he played for Caxias do Sul. In the Carioca Championship, the black-and-whites reached the final for the first time in 18 years, after eliminating Vasco in the semi-final. However, the team lost to Flamengo in the final and finished runner-up. In NBB 11, at the end of the first round, the team qualified for the newly created Super 8 Cup and, after defeating Pinheiros, was eliminated in the semi-finals by Flamengo in a single game. Botafogo finished the qualifying round in 6th place and faced São José in the first round of the playoffs, winning the best-out-of-three series 2–0. In the quarterfinals they faced Pinheiros in a tough duel that was decided in the fifth and final game: At the Henrique Villaboim Gymnasium, in São Paulo, Botafogo beat the rival 82–78, ending the series 3–2 and qualifying once again for a Brazilian Championship semifinal, something that had not happened since 2001. Against Flamengo, the Glorioso had good performances but left the competition defeated 3–1 in the series. Thanks to the 4th place in the NBB, Botafogo won the unprecedented spot in the Sudamericana League. In their first international competition since returning to basketball, Glorioso began the competition with a loss against Salta Basket, from Argentina, but then recovered with two wins against Nacional, from Uruguay, and San Andrés, from Colombia. In the semi-final round, after beating Nacional again, the black-and-whites defeated Salta with difficulties. With 1.4 seconds left in the game, the team suffered a comeback, but secured the victory in the final minutes, three milliseconds from the end, with a shot by Arthur Bernardi. In the last game of the group, in a confrontation against the Ciclista Olímpico, from Argentina, Botafogo was losing by 17 points at the end of the third quarter, but managed a historic comeback in the last period and qualified for the finals of the tournament. In the first duel of the final against Corinthians, the team coached by Léo Figueiró played poorly and was defeated at home by 88–74, in a game played at the Carioca Arena 1. However, the trajectory in the Sudamericana League was marked by comebacks by Botafogo: The team tied the series in the next game, winning by 74–64, and defeated Corinthians again in the decisive game, this time by 74–70, thus winning the first international title in the history of Botafogo's basketball, with highlights to the performances of Jamaal Smith and Cauê Borges, elected the MVP of the finals. 2020s. Even after winning the main title in the club's history, Botafogo basketball started 2020 in crisis. In February, it was reported that the players and members of the coaching staff had not been paid for three months but a sponsorship contract signed with Ambev would alleviate the accounts. In April, four months of salaries were overdue and there was no prospect of payment, a situation aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, which culminated at the end of the NBB 12 season without the playoffs and without defining a champion. For the selection for continental competitions, the first-round classification served as a final placement for the teams, and Glorioso closed the season in 8th position. Because of the Sudamericana League title, Botafogo would qualify for the Champions League Americas. Even with the funds from AMBEV (thanks to the Sports Incentive Law), the club found itself in a difficult position after TIM, the main sponsor of Botafogo basketball, redirected the funds to cultural projects due to changes in the contract. The day before the announcement, forward Cauê Borges had left the club for Paulistano. In the same week, managers Gláucio Cruz (director of Olympic sports) and Alexandre Brito (vice-president of Olympic sports) left their respective positions. This finally resulted in the announcement on 30 July 2020,of the end of the basketball project, through a post by coach Léo Figueiró on social media. With this, the club gave up its participation in the NBB and Champions League Americas. However, in November 2020, part-owner Carlos Salomão was appointed Botafogo's basketball director and recreated the team to compete in the Brazilian Club Championship, a competition equivalent to the second division of national basketball, which gives access to the NBB. But the black-and-whites failed to return to the country's top tournament after being eliminated in the semi-finals by União Corinthians, which would become the champion. Swimming. 1890s to 1900s: The federation emerges. Botafogo is one of the most traditional swimming clubs in Brazil. In Rio de Janeiro, the sport emerged around the 1850s, when organized competitions began to attract public interest and the regular practice of this type of exercise became synonymous with "civility". On 31 July 1897, alongside Icarahy, Gragoatá, and Flamengo, Botafogo was one of the founding clubs of the Metropolitan Swimming Federation, today called the Aquatic Federation of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FARJ). 1960s and 1970s: Golden Age. In 1967, Botafogo was champion for the first time in the Brazil Swimming Trophy. In the same year, the club's swimmer José Sylvio Fiolo won the gold medal in the 100- and 200-meter breaststroke events and the bronze medal in the 4 x 100-meter medley relay at the Pan American Games in Winnipeg. In 1968, Fiolo broke the world record for the 100-meter breaststroke. In the 1970s, the black-and-whites competed with rival Fluminense, the highlight of Rio de Janeiro and national swimming. Between 1971 and 1974, Botafogo became a four-time champion of the Brazilian Swimming Trophy, and from 1972 to 1975, it was also the four-time champion of the José Finkel Trophy. Years 2000 and 2010: Statewide prominence. At the beginning of the 21st century, Botafogo won titles at the state level in several categories and was a two-time Rioadult champion in 2005 and 2006. In 2010, it ranked 5th in the Brazilian Club Ranking and won the State Efficiency Trophy for the sixth time. The following year, Botafogo athlete Larissa Simões won the gold medal in the 200-meter breaststroke at the South American Youth Championships. The 1910s and 1920s: The Beginning. The first team sport to take part in the Olympic Games of the Modern Era, water polo started being practiced in Rio de Janeiro in the beginning of the 20th century, on the now extinct Santa Luzia Beach. Initially, the sport was practiced in the sea, in lakes or rivers, and soon Botafogo Cove became one of the sport's practice spots, which gained its space in several clubs in the city, among them Botafogo. 1940s to 1960s: First titles. In 1942, Botafogo won the Carioca Championship for the first time. However, the first official title in the modality was also the last achievement of Club de Regatas Botafogo before the merger with Botafogo Football Club. Still in the 1940s, the club would be champion three more times: in 1944, 1947, and 1949. After a title-less period in the 1950s, the black-and-whites would lift the trophy again in 1963, 1965, and 1966. 1980s and 1990s: National success. In the early 1980s, Botafogo was state champion in 1980, 1982 and 1983, a feat it would repeat in 1995 and 1996. Furthermore, this period marked the beginning of glories at the national level: The black-and-whites were twice champions of the Brazilian Championship in 1995 and 1996, at the time called the João Havelange Trophy. The 2000s and 2010s: The Beginning of Sovereignty. In the 21st century, the club won the Carioca Championship in 2005, 2006, 2009, and 2010. In the National League, a competition that replaced the João Havelange Trophy as the Brazilian Championship of the sport, Botafogo took the title in 2015, in addition to winning the Brazil Trophy in 2016. In 2009, with the emergence of the Olga Pinciroli Trophy, the team began to compete in women's tournaments as well. In all, the club collects three bronze medals and a runner-up finish in the competition. In 2014, it drew attention to the sport by signing the American Brenda Villa, a four-time Olympic medalist, and three-time world champion, and voted the best player in the world in the 2000s. In 2016, the men's team won the first edition of the South American Club League, which also yielded the National Super League title. At the Olympic Games, the Brazilian National Team included six athletes from the club, finishing the competition in 8th place. The following year, Botafogo won the South American Club Championship. Rowing. Based at one of the postcards of Rio de Janeiro, the Botafogo rowing club was founded in 1891 under the name Grupo de Regatas Botafogo. However, soon after, the club had to shut down its activities, returning three years later as Club de Regatas Botafogo. It is one of the main sports in the club's history, next to football. It came from there the greatest revelation of national rowing: Antônio Mendes de Oliveira, the Brazilian champion in 1902. In 1924, Antônio became president of Botafogo. Today, they count with prominent athletes such as Aílson Eráclito da Silva, Célio Dias Amorim, Armando Marx, Anderson Nocetti, Diego Nazário, Bianca Miarka, and Marciel Morais. The club's rowing is also a highlight in the Paralympics with Isaac Ribeiro, who became a three-time Brazilian champion and participated in the World Cup in Slovenia as well as the London Paralympics. Volleyball. 1930s to 1950s: Successful Start. A national and international reference in the sport, Botafogo was a pioneer at the state level and won the first five editions of the Men's Carioca Championship, from 1938 to 1942. The team would repeat the feat in 1945, 1946, and 1950. In the Women's Carioca Championship, the black-and-whites won the title in 1939, 1940, and from 1946 to 1950. 1960s and 1970s: South American trio and four-time Brazilian champion. After a period of twelve years without victories on the courts, the Glorioso team conquered a trophy in 1962, when it again won the Men's Carioca Championship. By the end of the 1970s, Botafogo would become the tournament's greatest champion by winning first place thirteen more times (eleven in a row), the last one in 1979. Around the same time, the club would become one of the sport's greatest powers by winning titles at the national and international levels. Led by names such as Ary Graça, Bebeto de Freitas, Carlos Arthur Nuzman, and Mario Dunlop (present in all the victories), Botafogo won the South American Championship three times, in 1971, 1972, and 1977, and was the Brazilian champion four times, winning the Brazilian Cup in 1971, 1972, and 1975; and the Brazilian Super League in 1976. In all, the club won over 30 titles between 1965 and 1978. While Botafogo was doing well in the men's field, the women's team won only one professional title at this time. In 1964, with players such as Eunice Rondino and Marly, the club won the Women's Carioca Championship after defeating Fluminense in the final. 1980s and 1990s: Decline. After facing their golden age in the previous decades, the black-and-whites gradually abandoned the sport. In men's, the last time the club played a national competition was in 1984, when it finished fifth in the Brazil Cup. Since then, Botafogo has participated only in state tournaments such as the Carioca Championship and the Rio Cup, without achieving any victories. In women's, the team became the state champion in 1995, led by the lifter Ana Richa. Thanks to the title, the club participated in the Brazilian Super League that season, finishing the competition in 9th place. Years 2000 and 2010: Return to the top canceled. Only in 2007, 28 years after the previous conquest, Botafogo would again be champion of the Men's Carioca Championship by defeating Unipli in the final. In 2013, the club returned to the national competition after a 29-year absence by participating in the Supercopa. On that occasion, the black-and-whites won the Mata Atlântica stage and finished the final phase of the competition in third place. In women's, the club reached the state runner-up title in 2008, when it lost the decision to Rexona/Ades. In 2015, the team became the champion of the Rio Cup. In 2015, Botafogo won the Men's Rio Cup and guaranteed their participation in the 2016 Superliga B, the second division of national volleyball. However, they were eliminated in the semi-final, defeated by Castro. In 2017, they once again failed to win promotion to Superliga B, again eliminated in the semi-final, this time to SESC. In the Gold Cup, although having Olympic runner-up Marcelinho, the club wasted for the third time the chance to qualify for the main Superliga division after losing to Corinthians/Guarulhos in the last match. Already in the 2018 Superliga B, the black-and-whites started irregularly, but managed to reach the final rounds and finished the qualifying round in 3rd place. In the quarterfinals, they defeated UPIS/Brasília, but were eliminated for the third consecutive edition in the semi-final, this time to Itapetininga, postponing for the fourth time access to the main league of volleyball. In 2019, access came: After winning all seven games in the qualifying round, Botafogo reached the playoffs as favorites. In the quarterfinals, they eliminated Vôlei Canoas with two 3–0 wins. In the semi-finals, they started losing the series to Lavras, but defeated the opponent in the next two matches and qualified for the final of Superliga B, ensuring access to the main league of volleyball after 35 years of absence. In the single game final, against Blumenau, the black-and-white team led by experienced opposite spiker Lorena became champion of Superliga B. Despite this, the club ended up closing the professional volleyball team before the start of the new season, at the end of October of the same year, claiming financial difficulties. The team's main highlight, Lorena (Fabrício Dias) did not spare criticism to the management, claiming:

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Bazball

Bazball is an informal term first coined by sport journalists and bloggers during the 2022 English cricket season referring to the style of play of the England cricket team in Test matches. It was developed after the appointments of Brendon McCullum (whose nickname is "Baz") as Test head coach and Ben Stokes as Test captain by English cricket managing director Rob Key in May 2022. The Bazball style and mindset is said to have an emphasis on taking positive decisions in attack and defence, whether batting or in the field. Many of these skills and strategies were first developed in playing One Day International and Twenty20 matches. Since the inception of the style until June 2023, England averaged a run rate of 4.65 per over, significantly higher than the next highest in Test match history. A faster scoring rate has allowed the team to declare their innings earlier and seek a result where ordinarily a draw would occur. Origins. Origins of the name. The name "Bazball" was coined by "ESPN Cricinfo" UK editor Andrew Miller on an episode of the "Switch Hit" podcast. This came after McCullum's appointment as England Test cricket coach, in May 2022. McCullum himself has voiced concern that the term can't express the nuances of the England team's approach or his management style. The name, however, has picked up increasing use across the wider cricketing media. McCullum for whom the term is named after also dislikes the name 'Bazball'. He said "I don't really like that silly term ... I don't have any idea what ‘Bazball’ is. It's not just all crash and burn." "Baz" is derived from Brendon McCullum's longstanding nickname. As a player he was known for his aggressive stroke play, and as New Zealand captain had a highly successful period when he used an attacking approach. This approach, Steve McMorran wrote in Associated Press, meant McCullum managed "to upend the Black Caps' traditional conservative approach and underdog mindset." McCullum's tenure as England's coach coincided with a turnaround in the fortunes of the England Test cricket team. The side had won only one Test match in the seventeen played before the hiring of Stokes and McCullum, with previous captain Joe Root "emotionally shattered after leading a struggling side through two difficult years which included multiple tours with testing Covid-enforced restrictions". With no dramatic change to the players selected, England "against all odds" experienced success: "their bowlers rose to the challenge, taking 20 wickets in six of the seven Test matches, while their batsmen scored at unprecedented pace. England won six of their seven Tests this summer, their second-most in a single season anywhere in the world." Only once (in 2004) had they won more, and in the time since "they had not even matched six wins, let alone bettered it." Origins of the style. One aspect of Bazball is batsmen taking the skills learned and honed playing one-day cricket and transposing them into the longer form, and traditionally slower, Test match game. Tim Wigmore in "The Daily Telegraph" wrote that the "path to Bazball runs directly from" the England captaincy of Eoin Morgan in the white-ball (one-day) form of the game who had overseen a period of success for England, including victory in the 2019 Cricket World Cup. During Morgan's first summer of captaincy of the England One Day International team he had urged his team to adopt more of the no-fear approach of the touring New Zealand side captained by Baz McCullum. For his part, Morgan told cricket journalist Firdose Moonda of "ESPN Cricinfo" that cricket from the Ben Stokes-Brendon McCullum partnership was "some of the best Test match series I've ever watched in my life" and that it was in the process of altering the notions and ideas that had been in place since the inaugural Test in 1877, saying "What England have proved this year [2022] is that you can play Test cricket in that [T20] fashion...It's made for unbelievable entertainment. It's created a new level of interest and proved that you don't have to play Test cricket one way, particularly as a batsman, which for, I suppose the 150 years, has always been one way." Ben Stokes said the style was discussed from his very first meeting as captain with McCullum, with Stokes telling the media that "I have been thinking stuff like that but the first chat with Baz was 'yeah we can do it this way – why not?'... It has taken away all the external pressures of playing international sport. There's enough on individuals and as a team as it is but taking all the other stuff away is why everything is so relaxed, calm and enjoyable at the moment." He used the example of bowling at Rishabh Pant when he scored a century at greater than a run a ball, saying "The more we see players like that succeed, the more the negativity around that type of Test cricket will eventually die out because it is so exciting to watch, because cricket is an entertainment business. Yes, you want results but you want people to enjoy watching a spectacle. Yes, cricket has always been a spectacle but it's about doing it differently now. So yeah, cheers Rishabh." Cricket writer Huw Tuberville writing in "The Cricketer" in September 2022 said "I worry that Stokes' batting aggression – CricViz says he attacked 41 per cent of balls this summer compared to 24 per cent in 2019 – is underselling his talents." Former Australian fast bowler Glenn McGrath drew parallels with the style of the McCullum-Stokes England team with his own Australian cricket team of the 1990s, but boosted by the changes brought about by one-day cricket, saying "The team I was lucky enough to play in, we just backed ourselves and played without fear. I think T20, if it's brought anything to cricket is players, especially batsmen, have to go out there and play without fear and that's moved up through ODIs to Test cricket and they're starting to play that way. To me, that's the way everyone should play cricket. When you've got a team that goes out there and backs themselves, they play without fear and it's amazing what you can achieve. With Brendon McCullum coming in, I think he's definitely bought that attitude." Kerry O'Keefe, a former Australian cricketer, directly links the 2014 death of Phillip Hughes to the development of Bazball. Mindset. Ali Martin in "The Guardian" described the Bazball philosophy as "play positive red-ball [Test] cricket; to soak up pressure when required but also be brave enough to put it back on opponents at the earliest opportunity; to make taking wickets the sole aim in the field; and to strive chiefly for victory across the five days without considering the draw". Cricket writer Chris Stocks identified seven principles of Bazball that could be promoted by a cricket coach in a team environment at the highest level of the game. They are: Stocks quoted veteran pace bowler Stuart Broad discussing the mental side of McCullum's approach when he said: "There's no doubt Baz has had an impact already. It's a very positive language in the changing room. It's very forward thinking. All about how to move this game forward". Impact on Test matches. 2022: Run chases. The change in style of play produced immediate results in the summer of 2022. The England Test match side were playing a three-match series against New Zealand and a one-off Test against India to conclude a previous series postponed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The previous summer, India and New Zealand had competed in the 2021 ICC World Test Championship Final. However, England in the summer of 2022 won all four matches chasing a total in the fourth innings, three against New Zealand and one against India, with those fourth innings chases being 277, 299, 296 and 378 runs. They became the first side in Test history to chase three scores of 250-plus in back-to-back games against New Zealand, and the first England side to ever win four consecutive Test matches batting last. Stokes as captain upon winning the toss began routinely in the summer of 2022 choosing to chase, something which goes against the orthodoxy in Test cricket but is the orthodoxy in limited-overs cricket. Fast scoring rates. Since the inception of the style until June 2023, England averaged a run rate of 4.65 per over. This is significantly higher than the next highest in Test match history - Australia under Steve Waugh at 3.66. This has meant the team has bucked the trend of victorious sides of Test matches usually requiring 140 or more overs to win. On 1 December 2022, England reached a total of 506-4 at the end of first day's play in a Test match against Pakistan. These runs came in 75 overs at a run rate of 6.75, an unprecedented rate record in Test cricket. Had England faced the full 90 overs of a day's play at that run rate they would have passed 600. The previous record for the most runs on day one of a match was 494 set by Australia against South Africa 112 years previously in 1910. This innings also included England's highest ever total in the first session of a Test (174), Zak Crawley scoring the most runs in the first over of an innings ever by an England player (14), Crawley and Ben Duckett scoring the fastest ever England century opening stand (83 balls), Crawley and Duckett scoring the fastest opening double-century partnership in Test cricket history (181 balls), Harry Brook scoring England's third fastest century of all time (80 balls), and Crawley (86 balls) scoring the fastest ever by an England opener and the fifth fastest overall. The desire to score quickly has been noted to have had an impact on the batting of Stokes himself who on occasion was "one batsman who has, perhaps, taken things too far on occasion... and fallen cheaply." England batsmen have also demonstrated innovation when facing Test match bowlers, such as Joe Root playing reverse-ramp shots against pace bowling, and batting left-handed. Declarations. On 16 February 2023, fast scoring rates by the top order allowed England to declare their innings on the first day of a day/night Test match at the Bay Oval in Mount Maunganui on a tour of New Zealand, when the evening conditions were perceived to be a better time to be bowling rather than batting as a side. It was the second-earliest declaration in the first innings of a match in the history of Test cricket, and the speed of the scoring rate by the England batsmen allowed the declaration to be made to suit the conditions with Michael Atherton describing the "boldness" of the declaration as evidence of Stokes' "reputation as a captain unwilling to let the game stagnate or drift". Stokes declared in the opening innings of the 2023 Ashes series after just 78 overs of England's first innings, despite Joe Root being unbeaten on 118, in order to bowl at the Australian batsman for four overs on the first day. It was the earliest first-innings declaration in Ashes history. It was the fifth time Stokes had declared a first innings in his previous fourteen tests as captain. It moved him equal with former New Zealand captain Stephen Fleming for the most declarations in test history before the 110th over of an innings, but Fleming had taken 80 matches to reach that mark, and Stokes fifteen. Australia went on to win the test by two wickets in the dying overs of the fifth day. Seeking results. A component of Bazball is said to be "confusionless cricket", and whilst "attacking all the time is the key, but not attacking blindly is the mantra" with it being "a meticulous approach of never letting the game die and always seeking results." Speaking after England chased a record run-chase in a Test in Nottingham in June 2022 against New Zealand at Trent Bridge, including a period of 102 runs in nine overs hit by Stokes and Jonny Bairstow, Stokes was quoted as saying "The message just was run into the fear of what the game was rather than stand still or back away from it...I'll say it quite simply: we were either winning this game or losing it. That was the mentality that we wanted all the batsmen coming in to have...It's obviously paid off. When you have the backing of the coach and captain, it rubs off on the players in a very positive way. So you're not fearing failure. You're just going out and doing what you want to do." Stokes was quoted as using 'positivity' and 'aggression' which would involve risking defeat if it provides a better chance of winning. An aggressive, high-risk high-reward style was noted with England's leading all-time wicket taker James Anderson quoted as saying "We've got a captain and coach that don't want draws. We're not playing for draws." The desire to seek results to Test matches led to a Stokes declaration in Rawalpindi against Pakistan that was seen as a risk and "about 50 runs shy of what experts felt would be the ideal score to have enough cushion", only to win by 74 runs after giving Pakistan the chance to win. They played less defensively, leading to former Australian cricketer and now commentator Mark Waugh saying "Courageous, fearless positive mindset gets them a win in Rawalpindi on the most docile surface. I don't think any other team in world cricket would have rolled the dice like that." Aggressive fields and bowling changes. Former Australian captain Ricky Ponting discussed the change brought about to the English Test team commenting on how McCullum had managed to "change the attitude of some of the English players to not be scared about getting out and to be fully committed to thinking about scoring runs and when you get the ball in your hand to be as aggressive as you can and set nice and aggressive fields." The England bowling unit under Stokes' captaincy has seen him encourage fast bowlers to bowl fuller, not to protect their bowling figures over moving the game forward, and to prioritise wickets over run protection at all times. This has not always been the convention in test match cricket. England off-spin bowler Jack Leach was quoted as saying "In teams I've played in, the way I've thought – a lot of the decisions are made around negativity...Stokes is going out the opposite way." On the tour of Pakistan in late 2022 Stokes' use of "wacky" fielding positions and bowling changes was said to have helped his side achieve a series victory. The "aggressive field settings and constant tinkering" led McCullum to say that Stokes "is determined not just to drive this team but cricket forward. He seems to have taken captaincy to a new level...What we see on the field pulling the strings...he's constantly active, making plays and always thinking about wickets and he's so consistent with his message that he doesn't care about runs. That's one thing...his general positivity is quite staggering." Tactics in the field included moving fielders constantly, changing bowlers to improve match-ups, and utilising unconventional fielding positions including the use of leg slips, three men in front of square, and a back-stop. Nighthawk. The Bazball era of English test cricket has seen the team at times eschew the traditional use of a nightwatchman, in favour of a "nighthawk". Instead of promoting a lower-order batsmen late in a day to protect the top order by blocking, the lower-order batter is asked to 'swing for the fences' to score and disorient the opponents. During the English summer test matches of 2022 on occasion Stuart Broad would be padded up for the last few overs of the day in order that, if called upon, he could attempt a few late evening blows to accelerate the scoring and cheer the crowd. Broad told Sky Sports that it was in England's first innings against New Zealand on his home ground of Trent Bridge in 2022 that McCullum suggested it to him, somewhat unexpectedly, "I went to make a coffee, in my flip flops, and Baz came up and said, 'you are in next, get your pads on. I think the crowd has gone a bit quiet, you are a local boy so try and hit your first ball for four and get them revved up again'." Broad, however, was never required in the role, and it was later on in the year that 18-year-old spin bowler Rehan Ahmed first got to be nighthawk, promoted to bat at number three in the Test match in Karachi against Pakistan on 19 December, 2022. Broad would make his debut in the nighthawk role on 17 February 2023 in England's second innings in the first test in a series of two against New Zealand. He told BBC Sport that he was lying on the physio's bed when Brendon McCullum walked through the door and said "Hawk, it's time...You're going in next." Impact on wider game. Domestic English game. Changes in English domestic cricket came about in order to encourage an increased prevalence in the style of play closer to that sought by the England Test match team. Ahead of the 2023 English cricket season it was announced that attacking play would be encouraged in the County Championship, with fewer points awarded for drawn matches and maximum batting points only available to teams able to score at more than four runs an over. In January 2023, England captain Ben Stokes, managing director Rob Key, and Brendon McCullum over Zoom, addressed a meeting of directors of cricket from the first-class counties to discuss the way they intend the England team to play and the subsequent qualities needed in future international players. It was said they were looking to develop a culture in which no constraints of past processes exist, with a focus on optimising each player's unique strengths. This didn't mean each player had to play in the same buccaneering style as had been England's hallmark under McCullum and Stokes, but the style which best showcases them with a recognition that batsmen play the best when they can be mentally free. Jarrod Kimber when writing about McCullum's spell as New Zealand captain suggests that this has been a consistent theme for him, with Kimber writing "BazBall was a lifestyle choice...McCullum was just as happy to boost up [wicket-keeper] BJ Watling blocking as he was looking for players to smack it. It was about intent, invention and commitment. He was happy to let them fly and be the best versions of themselves". Test cricket as a whole. With the popularity of Test cricket waning in some areas of the world and with some cricket administrators prioritising one-day and Twenty20 versions of the game, Paul Sutton writing for "The Roar" said "BazBall [could] not only revitalise England's cricket team but also give the game's traditional format the shot in the arm it so desperately needs." Revitalise was also a word used by former Australia captain Ricky Ponting when he told the ICC Review "So far it has been unbelievable, and it has actually almost reinvigorated Test match cricket again." Former Pakistan captain Urooj Mumtaz was quoted as saying after England played in Pakistan in December 2022: "England can be really proud. They're revolutionising Test cricket. They wanted to give Test cricket the life that it deserved. They want to be entertaining. And they've surely done that here in Pakistan." Speaking after his first English summer as England coach McCullum discussed the responsibility to make the game appealing saying "you look at where Test cricket is around the world and how important it is to all of those who have played the game beforehand, and the relevance of it in international cricket. For us, it was a matter of trying to bring a bit of enjoyment back, try and bring the fans in to make sure they're enjoying Test cricket, and hopefully provide a bit more relevance to a game which has probably been under a little bit of pressure of late. That was the big goal and it will continue to be so moving forward." Indian spinner Ravichandran Ashwin also cautioned against not adapting play to suit conditions, saying that playing on "certain types of wickets, when you try and attack every ball, you will falter. There are both advantages and disadvantages to this approach. Sometimes, on the wicket, conditions need to be respected." Whether the style would bear scrutiny against all opposition has been questioned. Former England opener Geoff Boycott was forthright and scathing in his assessment on the "Daily Telegraph"s Tuffers and Vaughany podcast, saying "If you think you are going to plunder the best bowlers in the world with a new conker when they are fresh then you are an idiot."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73044569

Nadine Hwang

Nadine Hwang, or Nadine Huong (Chinese 黃訥亭); (March 3, 1902 – 1972) was one of the first Chinese female pilots and served in the Chinese Air Force as an honorary colonel. The lawyer used diplomatic skills and her versatile abilities to live in different countries. She was mistress of Natalie Clifford Barney and survived deportation to Ravensbrück concentration camp. Early life. Nadine Hwang was born in Madrid, to a Belgian mother, Juliette Brouta-Gilliard, and a Chinese father, Lühe Hwang. Both her parents were Catholics. Nadine was baptized in June 1902 in Madrid, in the parish church of Nuestra Señora del Pilar. Her father, who came from an influential Chinese family, was a diplomat and high official. Fluent in Spanish, he was transferred to Madrid at the beginning of his career as secretary of the 1st legation, where he met his future wife Juliette Brouta-Gilliard. In 1904 he was briefly transferred to Havana, where in 1905 Hwang's sister Marcela was born, later the writer and translator Marcela de Juan (died 1981). A few months later, the whole family returned to Madrid, where Lühe had been appointed head of the Chinese legation. At school in Madrid, Nadine Hwang spoke Castilian fluently as well as her native French. She practiced Mandarin Chinese with the other families in the legation and took English lessons. Emancipation. After the collapse of Manchu rule in 1911 and the establishment of the Republic, which had been proclaimed on January 1, 1912, Hwang's father was transferred to Beijing in 1913 to the European Affairs Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The family moved to China, where they moved among the political, intellectual and social elite. Nadine Hwang continued her education in an international school run by French nuns. She then studied law at the American Hamilton College via distance learning. As a young girl from a family of high social status, Hwang had the privilege of meeting personalities of her time such as Mao Zedong, Lin Yutang, and Hu Shi, who were invited to the family home as guests. Even as a girl, Nadine Hwang tried to escape the bonds of convention and gender roles. She learned to drive a car and fly small planes at a very early age. "Everything fascinates me about these Western mechanics," she confided to an "Excelsior" journalist in 1928. "I would love to sit on a locomotive and drive a train at full steam". She liked to wear men's clothes, whether for sports or for a party, where, for example, she would appear in traditional Aragonese costume to dance the Aragonese Jota with a female rider. Japanese-American artist and designer Isamu Noguchi recalled meeting a "beautiful lieutenant in the army of the young Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang" in 1930. He described her as "piratical." She learned sports such as polo, cricket, and riding. Unthinkable to the average Chinese women of her time. Not long ago, Chinese women had been freed from the thousand-year-old tradition of foot binding. Career in China. Zhang Zongchang was the first warlord to accept women into his army. When he met Nadine Hwang, he decided to make her a colonel in the Air Force and insisted that she wear short hair and a uniform. Although her rank as colonel was apparently only an honorary rank, Nadine was nevertheless given a position of trust as a staff liaison officer. It was during this time that she earned her nickname, "the Amazon of the North." Nadine Hwang was stationed as a lieutenant in the Chinese army under Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang from 1929. She later obtained an important economic position in the Chinese Beiyang government and worked as a confidential secretary to Prime Minister Pan Fu. She had previously worked for him as a press officer since 1927. Her amazing career brings her to the position of advisor to Prime Minister Pan-Fu at the age of twenty-five. Her appointment to this post struck the old regime like a thunderbolt in July. Known as the 'Amazon of the North', Miss Hwang holds the rank of colonel in both the Chinese infantry and the Chinese Air Corps, whose smart uniform she wears with a thoroughly non-feminine, elegant brashness. Miss Hwang is by far the most versatile and unusual young woman in northern China. She changes her personality with her costume and appears in the twelve hours of the day as a tomboy par excellence, a dashing officer, a politician, a young society girl and an accomplished world lady. In the morning she is seen riding, fencing or playing tennis in a correct man's suit, until she goes to her office punctually at 8 o'clock, at the flounce of her own car, with a chauffeur-soldier behind her.The modernization of Republican China under Nationalist rule in the early 1930s was threatened by domestic unrest and an increasingly aggressive Imperial Japan, so Hwang could never live the life she wanted in China. In 1933, she moved to Paris, where she indulged in the bohemian life. Traveling to the US and through Europe, she lectured about her country and diplomatically advocated for greater economic exchange. Paris. At the beginning of the 1930s, Nadine Hwang moved to Paris, occasionally took on the role of chauffeur for Natalie Clifford Barney and became her lover. Barney regularly hosted literary salons ("Le salon de l'Amazone"), where cosmopolitan, avant-garde Paris mostly met in her "Temple of Friendship" (French: "Le Temple de l'Amitié"). Hwang enjoyed the bohemian lifestyle that the Parisian capital offered her. In one account of this particular period of Parisian history, she is described as a "piratical" Asian beauty, while in another account she is described as a transvestite. Barney's salon gathered a large group of intellectuals and artists from all over the world, including many leading figures of French literature as well as American and British modernists, the so-called Lost Generation of the early 20th century. There is evidence to suggest that Nadine Hwang also spied against the Nazis as an agent on behalf of the French Resistance. According to a description in the writings of Helene Nera, Hwang suffered from suffocating racism due to her Chinese identity and jealousies among Barney's many lovers and admirers. In 1940, all of Europe was overshadowed by the Nazi influence, Natalie Barney fled the German invasion to Florence. Nadine Hwang was deported to the Ravensbrück women's concentration camp in 1944 for reasons as yet unknown, shortly before the liberation of large parts of France by the Allies. Deportation. On May 13, 1944, the transport left the Gare de l'Est in Paris. Four days later, the 567 women arrived at Fürstenberg train station. In the Ravensbrück concentration camp, Nadine Hwang was given prisoner number 39239 and had to wear the red triangle, which marked her as a political prisoner. She had to do forced labor at Siemens and became friends with Rachel Krausz and her nine-year-old daughter Irene Krausz, both British citizens who had lived in the Netherlands. "My mother and Nadine shared a love of poetry", reported Irene Fainman-Krausz, who lives in South Africa as of 2018. To remember Nadine Hwang – after all, she helped her and her mother survive – Irene gave her daughter, who was born in 1971 – just one year before Hwang's death – the first name Nadine. Nelly Mousset-Vos. On Christmas Eve 1944, Nelly Mousset-Vos was asked to sing Christmas carols in the barracks with French prisoners. After a few songs, a voice called out, "Sing something from Madame Butterfly!" Mousset-Vos sang Un bel dì vedremo, about waiting for a loved one. Nadine Hwang, who had asked for the song, stayed connected to Mousset-Vos from that moment on. They became a couple and spent as much time together as possible. Nelly Mousset-Vos's diary entries reveal that it was thanks to her meeting with Nadine Hwang and through this love affair that she was able to survive the horrors of concentration camps. Nelly Mousset-Vos had worked as a courier in the Belgian Resistance against the Nazis. They were separated in March 1945, when Nelly Mousset-Vos was deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp, where she almost died. In April 1945, shortly before the liberation of the camp, Nadine Hwang, Irene and Rachel, along with thousands of other prisoners, were evacuated to Sweden on Red Cross White Buses. Their arrival in Malmö on April 28 was documented by Swedish news photographers. After the war. In 1945, Nadine Hwang moved to Brussels via Sweden and began living together with Nelly Mousset-Vos in a lesbian relationship. They left Europe soon after to start a new life in Venezuela. They posed as cousins and lived together in Caracas for two decades. Nelly Mousset-Vos had previously worked at the Venezuelan embassy in Brussels and Hwang worked in the secretariat of a bank in Caracas. Their apartment was a popular meeting place for friends and acquaintances. Due to an illness, Hwang was forced to take strong medication and she suffered a stroke before the treatment was completed. Due to Nadine Hwang's deteriorating health, the couple returned to Europe in the late 1960s. Nadine Hwang died in 1972, Nelly Mousset-Vos in 1985, and they are buried in different graves in Brussels. Films. Magnus Gertten realized a trilogy of documentaries between 2011 and 2022, which also deals with the life of Nadine Hwang:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73047485

Dhara Gujjar

Dhara Gujjar aka Dhara Vijay Gujjar (born 18 August 2002) is an Indian cricketer who currently plays for Bengal. She plays as a right-arm medium fast bowler and left-handed batter. In the inaugural WPL auction in February 2023, Gujjar was purchased by Mumbai Indians franchise at 10 lakhs.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73047487

Saika Ishaque

Saika Ishaque (born 8 October 1995) is an Indian cricketer who currently plays for Bengal and Mumbai Indians. She plays as a slow left-arm orthodox bowler and left-handed batter. Ishaque made her debut for Bengal Women in 2013 and has been a regular member of the team since then. In October 2022, she represented Bengal in the Women's Senior T20 Trophy. The following month, she played in the Women's T20 Challenger Trophy, where she was part of the India A team. In the inaugural Women's Premier League auction in February 2023, Ishaque was purchased by Mumbai Indians for 10 lakhs. In her debut season for Mumbai Indians, Ishaque emerged as one of the top performers in the tournament, taking 9 wickets in 8 matches at an economy rate of 5.80. She played a key role in Mumbai Indians' journey to the final, where they lost to the Trailblazers. She was the second-highest wicket-taker in the tournament. Personal life. Ishaque grew up in a slum in Kolkata and started playing cricket at a young age. Her father, who passed away when she was just 12 years old, was a big inspiration for her and she dedicated her performance in the Women's T20 Challenge to him.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73047489

Priyanka Bala

Priyanka Bala (born 30 September 1995) is an Indian cricketer who currently plays for Bengal. She plays as a right-arm medium fast bowler and right-handed batter. In the inaugural WPL auction in February 2023, Gujjar was purchased by Mumbai Indians franchise at 20 lakhs.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73047493

Neelam Bisht

Neelam Bisht (born 5 June 1996) is an Indian cricketer who currently plays for Mumbai Indians (WPL). She plays as a right-arm legbreak bowler and right-handed batter. In the inaugural WPL auction in February 2023, Bisht was purchased by Mumbai Indians franchise at 10 lakhs.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73047494

Jintimani Kalita

Jintimani Nakul Kalita (born 25 December 2003) is an Indian cricketer who currently plays for Assam and Mumbai Indians. She plays as right-arm medium bowler and left-handed batter. In the inaugural Women's Premier League auction in February 2023, Kalita was purchased by the Mumbai Indians for 10 lakhs. Early life. Kalita was born in Guwahati, Assam. As a child, she never used to like any new clothes or jewellery. She was fascinated with cricket bats.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73048041

Australian cricket team in India in 2023–24

The Australia men's cricket team are touring India in September, November and December 2023 to play three One Day International (ODI) and five Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. The ODI series formed part of both teams' preparation for the 2023 Cricket World Cup tournament. Squads. Rohit Sharma and Hardik Pandya were named as India's captain and vice-captain, respectively, for the third ODI of the series.Mukesh Kumar was added to the squad for the second ODI as a replacement for Jasprit Bumrah.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73048049

Indian cricket team in South Africa in 2023–24

The Indian cricket team is scheduled to tour South Africa from December 2023 to January 2024 to play three Twenty20 Internationals (T20Is), three One Day Internationals (ODIs) and two Test matches. The Test series will form part of the 2023–2025 ICC World Test Championship. On 14 July 2023, Cricket South Africa (CSA) and Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced the schedule of the tour.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73054763

Muhammad Jawadullah

Muhammad Jawadullah (born 12 March 1999) is a Pakistani-born cricketer who plays for the United Arab Emirates national cricket team. He is a left-arm fast bowler. Career. In February 2023, he was selected in the UAE Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for their series against Afghanistan. He made his T20I debut for the United Arab Emirates against Afghanistan on 16 February 2023. Prior to making his debut for UAE, Jawadullah represented the Sharjah Warriors in the inaugural 2022–23 International League T20. In May 2023, he was named in UAE's One Day International (ODI) squad for their series against West Indies. He made his ODI debut in the third ODI of the series, on 9 June 2023. Personal life. Jawadullah grew up near Mardan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. He moved to the UAE in 2019 to work as an electrician at a shooting club in Al Ain.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73058310

Peter Martin (rugby league)

Peter Martin is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played for North Sydney and Parramatta in the NSWRL competition. He also played for York in England. Playing career. Martin made his first-grade debut for North Sydney in round 2 of the 1985 NSWRL season against Illawarra at the Wollongong Showground. During the NSWRL off-season, Martin signed for English side York and played in their 1985-1986 season which ended with the club finishing in 14th place and being relegated to the second division. In 1986, Martin played six games for Norths as they qualified for the playoff game for fifth place against Balmain which they lost 14–7 at the Sydney Cricket Ground. Martin played at second-row in this game. After two further seasons at Norths, Martin signed for Parramatta in 1989 and played six games.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73058804

UP Warriorz

The UP Warriorz are an Indian women's cricket team that compete in the Women's Premier League (WPL), based in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The team is owned by Capri Global. The team is coached by Jon Lewis and captained by Alyssa Healy. The side reached the eliminator at the inaugural edition of the WPL, but lost to Mumbai Indians. History. In October 2022, the BCCI announced its intentions to hold a five-team women's franchise cricket tournament in March 2023. The tournament was named the Women's Premier League in January 2023, with investors buying the rights to franchises through a closed bidding process during the same month. Capri Global bought the rights to one of the franchises, to be based in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. In February 2023, Jon Lewis was announced as head coach of the side. The inaugural player auction for the WPL was held on 13 February 2023, with UP Warriorz signing 16 players for their squad. The side went on to finish third in the group stage of the inaugural edition of the WPL, qualifying for the eliminator. However, they lost to Mumbai Indians by 72 runs in the eliminator. Current squad. As per 2023 season. Players in bold have international caps. denotes a player who is unavailable for the rest of the season. Support Staff. Source: ESPNCricinfo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73062160

2023 SWAC men's basketball tournament

The 2023 SWAC Men's Basketball Tournament was the postseason men's basketball tournament for the 2022–23 season in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The tournament was held from March 8–11, 2023. The tournament winner, Texas Southern, received an automatic invitation to the 2023 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. The tournament was sponsored by Cricket Wireless. Seeds. Teams will be seeded by record within the conference, with a tie–breaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. Only the top eight teams in the conference will qualify for the tournament.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73065858

Jack Jarvis (cricketer)

Jack Jarvis (born 29 May 2003) is a Scottish cricketer who plays as a medium fast bowler. He made his ODI debut on 17 February 2023 against Nepal at Tribhuvan University International Cricket Ground. He was named in Scotland's 15-member squad for 2023 Cricket World Cup Qualifier.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73066649

Minnu Mani

Minnu Mani (born 24 March 1999) is an Indian international cricketer who represents the Indian women's national team. She plays for Delhi Capitals in Women's Premier League. In domestic cricket, she represents Kerala cricket team. She became the first Kerala woman cricketer to play for India. Early life. Minnu hails from Choyimoola in Wayanad district of Kerala. Her father, Mani CK, is a daily wage labourer and her mother, Vasantha, is a homemaker. She has a younger sister, Mimitha. She studied at Mananthavady Government Vocational Higher Secondary School, Edappady till Grade 8 and St Sebastian Highschool, Thodupuzha till Grade 10. She completed her higher secondary education at Sarvajana Higher Secondary School, Sulthan Bathery and graduated from Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram. As of 2023, she is pursuing her BA in Sociology through distance learning. She started playing cricket at 10 with boys at paddy fields. Initially, her family didn't support the idea of her playing cricket. Her physical education teacher, Elsamma noticed her skill and took her to selection trials of the Wayanad District Under-13 team. The next year, she played in the Kerala U-16 team and represented Kerala at the senior level aged 16. Minnu had to travel one and a half hours daily, switching four buses to reach the nearest stadium from her home for cricket practice. Domestic career. Minnu made her debut for Kerala at the age of 16. She was the key performer when the Kerala U-23 women's team won the national T20 championship in 2018 with of 188 runs and 11 wickets. In 2019, she represented India Blue in the Under-23 One Day Challenger Trophy. She got her maiden call for the India A team touring Bangladesh and was called for ACC Emerging Women's Asia Cup in the same year. Indian Premier league. In February 2023, she was bought by the Delhi Capitals in the WPL auction ahead of the 2023 Women's Premier League. International career. In July 2023, she was called up to the Indian team touring Bangladesh, making her the first female cricketer from Kerala to earn an India call-up. She made her Women's Twenty20 International cricket (WT20I) debut for India Women against Bangladesh Women on 9 July 2023. She finished the series as India's highest wicket-taker, with 5 wickets from three matches. On 15 July 2023, she was named in India's squad for 19th Asian Games.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73066652

Titas Sadhu

Titas Ranadeep Sadhu (born 29 September 2004) is an Indian cricketer who plays for the Indian women’s national cricket team and Bengal in domestic cricket. She was a part of the 2023 U19 Women’s T20 World Cup winning Indian team and was adjudged the player of the match in the final. Sadhu made her WT20I debut on 24 September 2023 against Bangladesh at the 2022 Asian Games. In the same tournament, she played a key role as a bowler in the gold medal match against Sri Lanka which was won by India. Early life. Sadhu was born on 29 September 2004 in Chinsura, West Bengal. At the age of 16, Sadhu was selected to play for the senior Bengal team. Career. Sadhu was awarded the player of the match in the final of inaugural U19 Women’s World Cup. In 2023 Women's Premier League, Sadhu was a part of the Delhi Capitals but did not play a match. On 24 September 2023, she made her international debut for India against Bangladesh.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73069350

1969 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships – Singles

The 1969 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships – Singles was an event of the 1969 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships men's tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the Longwood Cricket Club in Boston, United States from July 9 through July 15, 1969. First-seeded Rod Laver was the defending champion and regained his singles title, defeating second-seeded John Newcombe in the final, 7–5, 6–2, 4–6, 6–1.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73072122

Dolichopoda lycia

Dolichopoda lycia is a species of cave cricket within the family Rhaphidophoridae. The species is found around caves around Antalya, Turkey.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73075469

Republicopteron

Republicopteron is an extinct orthopteran genus in the katydid-like family Palaeorehniidae with a single described species Republicopteron douseae. The species is solely known from the Early Eocene sediments exposed in northeast Washington state, United States. The family is currently not placed into any orthoptera superfamily, being treated as "incertae sedis", and thus the relationship between "Republicopteron" and the other palaeorehniids with the larger cricket/katydid superfamilies is uncertain. Additionally the possibility that several palaeorehniids may be sister species was left open, an further specimens are needed for resolution of the relationships or synonymies between the genera. Distribution. "Republicopteron douseae" is known from two locations in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands, both outcrops of the Ypresian Klondike Mountain Formation in Republic. Two of the fossils, the holotype and paratype 2 were recovered from the UWBM site B4131, which is designated the type locality, while the paratype 1 was from locality A0307, the corner lot site. Modern work on the fossil-bearing strata of the Formation via radiometrically dating has given an estimated age in the Late Ypresian stage of the early Eocene, between at the youngest, with an oldest age estimate of , given based on detrital zircon isotopic data published in 2021. History and classification. "Republicopteron douseae" was identified from three type specimens, the holotype, number SR 00-04-06 and paratypes, SRUI 09-95-73 and SR 21-005-001, all of which are compression fossils preserved in the Stonerose Interpretive Center paleoentomological collection. The holotype and paratype 2 were found at the Klondike Mountain Formations The fossils were described by paleontologists S. Bruce Archibald, Jun-Jie Gu, and Rolf Mathewes (2022) who picked the genus name "Republicopteron" as a toponym honoring Republic, Washington, and coined the specific epithet "douseae " as a patronym honoring Cassie Douse who found the holotype. "R. douseae" is one of three orthopterans described from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands and the first from Republic. An additional member of the family Palaeorehniidae, "Ypopteron nicola" was described from the Quilchena site and one promastacid grasshopper, "Promastax archaicus" was described from the Horsefly shales. Within Palaeorehniidae, all the known genera are monotypic, with two Paleocene members "Albertoilus cervirufi" from Alberta and "Zeuneroptera scotica" from Scotland, the two Ypresian genera of the Okanagan Highlands, and the Priabonian "Palaeorehnia maculata" from Colorado. Due to the sparse volume of specimens known, Archibald, Gu, and Mathewes noted their suspicion that some of the palaeorehniid genera might be synonyms, but they could not make any specific combinations until more fossils were found for study. Description. Overall "Republicopteron douseae" wings have a dark toned wing color with some scattered light or clear spotting between the veins and cross veins, similar to the pattering type seen in "Palaeorehnia maculata" but with less intensity. In none of the specimens was the presence of a stridulatory file seen, a situation that is also seen in "Ypopteron nicola". As all three known specimens are incomplete, being each about long, a full wing length estimate was not given, but if comparable to "Y. nicola" then a length over would be expected. "R. douseae" was distinguished from the other members of Palaeorehniidae based on a set of seven different wing vein characters. Unlike "P. maculata", the Anal vein 3A does not have a basal area curving towards the 2A and away from the margin. The posterior space between the 2A and 3A veins is half the width of the space between the 2A and 1A, unlike all other palaeorehniids. The 3A terminates at the wing margin more apically then where the Cubitus-anterior veins CuA and CuPaα merge, a feature not visible in "Y. nicola" but likely also present there. The first Anal vein 1A runs parallel to the wing margins from its base to the position where the CuA and CuPaα Cubitus veins merge, at which point it curves in towards the center and then runs towards the wing apex, as seen in the preserved material. As with "Palaeorehnia", the Radial, R, and Media, M, veins both branch near the same point in the wing, contrary to other "Zeuneroptera", the only other genus with that area preserved and identifiable. The basal space in the wing behind the joined CuA+CuPaα is about the same width as the space behind the Cubital-posterior vein CuPaβ, differing from "Y. nicola" where the posterior CuA+CuPaα space is double in width. Also the length of the CuA+CuPaα from its basal fusion point to where the first branching happens is longer then seen in any other palaeorehniid. Paleobiology. Katydids and their relatives in Ensifera use modified areas of the fore-wings, called stridulatory files, to produce broadband and pure sound which is used for mate location. The two wings are vibrated against each other, and the files produce specific tones, which are amplified as they pass across certain wing cells. The known wings of "Republicopteron" are all lacking stridulatory files, possibly indicating that they did not "sing", or sing using the same means as other Ensiferans. Paleoenvironment. The formation preserves an upland lake system surrounded by a mixed conifer–broadleaf forest with nearby volcanism. The pollen flora has notable elements of birch and golden larch, and distinct trace amounts of fir, spruce, cypress, and palm. Wolfe and Tanai (1987) interpreted the forest climate to have been microthermal, having distinct seasonal temperature swings which dipped below freezing in the winters. However further study has shown the lake system was surrounded by a warm temperate ecosystem that likely had a mesic upper microthermal to lower mesothermal climate, in which winter temperatures rarely dropped low enough for snow, and which were seasonably equitable. The Okanagan highlands paleoforest surrounding the lakes have been described as precursors to the modern temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of Eastern North America and Eastern Asia. Based on the fossil biotas the lakes were higher and cooler than the coeval coastal forests preserved in the Puget Group and Chuckanut Formation of Western Washington, which are described as lowland tropical forest ecosystems. Estimates of the paleoelevation range between higher than the coastal forests. This is consistent with the paleoelevation estimates for the lake systems, which range between , which is similar to the modern elevation , but higher. Estimates of the mean annual temperature for the Klondike Mountain Formation have been derived from climate leaf analysis multivariate program (CLAMP) analysis and leaf margin analysis (LMA) of the Republic paleoflora. The CLAMP results after multiple linear regressions for Republic gave a mean annual temperature of approximately , while the LMA gave . This is lower than the mean annual temperature estimates given for the coastal Puget Group, which is estimated to have been between . The bioclimatic analysis for Republic suggests mean annual precipitation amounts of .

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73076163

Haosi Namoinu

Haosi Namoinu is a character in Meitei mythology and folklore of Ancient Kangleipak. She is the only daughter of lady Pokmabi Laoshigam Chanu and lord Senbi Loikenba. She is the apple of their eyes. Her father was a minister of the then Ancient Moirang kingdom, in charge of collecting tributes from the land of "Kabo" (present day Western Myanmar). Tragedy. After Haosi Namoinu's mother's untimely death, her father remarried with Nganurol Laoshigam Chanu (Loisingam Chanu), the sister of her mother. Spending a few days happily, Senbi Loikenba left for Kabo on the King's errand and during his absence, Haosi Namoinu was harshly treated by her stepmother. She was not allowed to go outside and play with her friends. She had to work as hard as she could to satisfy her stepmother. Her bliss of household life was much worsened. Her stepmother ordered her work after work and she completed it with no rest. She was forced to husk the rice, tired as she was, again she had to cook food for them and serve but she uttered no lamentation. Her stepmother's ruthlessness came to the highest degree and she ordered Haosi Namoinu, that if she wanted to join the feast (spring festival), she had to go to the maternal grandparents' house and bring a load of paddy rice (un-husked rice). She did so, but her stepmother was still not satisfied, and struck her head with a cookery utensil. Having been deprived of all youthful delights, the girl transformed herself into a Hari Nongnang (cicada) (or cricket in some version), with her clothes as wings and feathers, and flew away with ravishing tears. In ancient texts. Khongjomnubi Nonggarol. The story of lady Haosi Namoinu is mentioned in the Khongjomnubi Nongarol as one of its two content stories. The following is a passage from the text describing the pitiable plight of lady Haosi Namoinu suffering the atrocities of her cruel stepmother: Hāosi Nāmoinu. Other than the Khongjomnubi Nongarol, another ancient treatise named "Hāosi Nāmoinu", tells the tragic story of the unfortunate lady Haosi Namoinu. The following is a quote from the text, describing the ethos of the then people, their pleasure loving character and socialisation enthusiasm, in association with the nature.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73079086

2027 Cricket World Cup

The 2027 ICC Cricket World Cup will be the 14th edition of the Cricket World Cup, a quadrennial One Day International (ODI) cricket tournament contested by men's national teams and organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). It is scheduled to be played in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia in October and November 2027. This will be the second time that South Africa and Zimbabwe will have co-hosted the tournament, after the 2003 edition, while Namibia will host it for the first time. The tournament will expand to 14 teams, and will have the same format that was used during the 2003 edition. Qualification. South Africa and Zimbabwe (co-hosts) along with the top eight teams in the ICC ODI rankings will qualify directly for the competition, while the remaining four spots will be decided by the 2026 Cricket World Cup Qualifier. Although Namibia will co-host the competition for the first time in their history, they will not be guaranteed a spot because they are not a full ICC member, and as a result they will have to go through the standard qualification pathway. Format. The competition will use two groups of seven, with the top three teams in each group progressing to a Super Six stage, followed by semi-finals and a final. Each team in a group will play all the other sides in the same group once. The format was previously used in the 2003 edition. Group stage. Group A. The three top-ranked teams will qualify for the Super Sixes. <br> Advance to Super Sixes Group B. The three top-ranked teams will qualify for the Super Sixes. <br> Advance to Super Sixes Super Six. Teams who will qualify for the Super Six stage will only play against the teams from the other group; results against the other teams from the same group will be carried forward to this stage. The four top-ranked teams will qualify for the Semi-finals. <br> Advance to Knockout Stage

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73079508

Pakistani cricket team in Australia in 2023–24

The Pakistan national cricket team will tour Australia in December 2023 to play three Test matches. The teams will contest the Benaud–Qadir Trophy and the series will be a part of the 2023–2025 ICC World Test Championship.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73079511

West Indian cricket team in Australia in 2023–24

The West Indies men's cricket team will tour Australia in December 2023 to play two Tests, three One Day International (ODI) and three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. The Test series will be a part of the 2023–2025 ICC World Test Championship as the teams contest the Frank Worrell Trophy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73081161

Josef Redtenbacher (entomologist)

Josef Redtenbacher (March 27, 1856, Kirchdorf an der Krems – July 18, 1926, Linz) was an Austrian entomologist and teacher. He specialized in the orders of Orthoptera (grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets), Phasmatodea (stick and leaf insects), Mantodea (mantis) and Blattodea (cockroaches), which are classically summarized as „Orthoptera“, as well as in the earwigs (Dermaptera), which are not assigned to the „Orthoptera“, especially from Austria-Hungary and Germany. Life. Redtenbacher was born the son of the scythe dealer Franz Xaver Redtenbacher (1804-1871) and Theresia Redtenbacher née Lampl (1823-1883) in the wealthy market town of Kirchdorf an der Krems in what was then the Austrian Empire. He was the brother of the scythe dealer Simon Redtenbacher, the nephew of the chemist Josef Redtenbacher and the entomologist Ludwig Redtenbacher. Redtenbacher studied natural sciences at the University of Vienna from 1874 to 1878. He passed his teaching examination in 1879 in the subjects of natural history, mathematics and natural sciences and from 1880 worked in the teaching profession in Vienna. From 1892 to 1896 he taught at the German Realschule in Budweis (today České Budějovice). From 1896 to 1915 Redtenbacher was a professor at the grammar school (Gymnasiium) in Vienna-Wieden. He spent the last decade of his life in Linz. Scientific activity. As early as 1886 he worked as a trainee at the Natural History Museum in Vienna. This activity resulted in a collaboration with the entomologists Ludwig Ganglbauer, Friedrich Moritz Brauer and especially with Carl Brunner von Wattenwyl. From 1889 he was a corresponding member of the Francisco Carolinum Museum, to which he gave most of his entomological collection in 1887. The Kremsmünster Monastery received the Upper Austrian grasshoppers. His achievements as an entomologist include, in particular, the creation of a "Monograph of the Conocephalinae" (German original: „Monographie der Conocephaliden“), the research of the „Orthoptera“ and earwigs of Austria-Hungary and Germany, whose identification tables form the basis of all later work on the orders processed here Central and Southeastern Europe formed. He also wrote (Vol. 1 & 3) together with Brunner von Wattenwyl (Vol. 2) an edit and complete overview of the stick insects. Of the stick insect taxa described by Redtenbacher, 570 species, 78 genera and some higher taxa are valid to date (as of November 2022). In addition, he published some smaller studies on the larvae of Myrmeleontidae (antlions) and other works on grasshoppers, of which he described 223 species and 53 genera that are still valid today. In addition, together with Brauer and Ganglbauer, he established the fossil grasshopper genus "Parapleurites" and described their type species, as well as the fossil "Humbertiella grandis" (today "Pseudohumbertiella grandis"). Dedication names. The following grasshoppers were named after Josef Redtenbacher: "Colossopus redtenbacheri" , "Conocephalus redtenbacheri" , "Isophya redtenbacheri" , "Neoconocephalus redtenbacheri" , "Phlugiola redtenbacheri" , "Salomona redtenbacheri" and "Xiphidiopsis redtenbacheri" . The genus "Redtenbacheriella" named after him has been synonymized in 1964 with the older genus "Pseudosaga" . In addition, "Phoberodema redtenbacheri" (today "Phricta spinosa") and "Tabaria redtenbacheri" (today "Rhammatopoda opilionoides") are synonyms named after Redtenbacher. Their valid names are species described by Redtenbacher. Among the stick insects, the following species have been named after Redtenbacher: "Ceroys redtenbacheri" , "Chlorobistus redtenbacheri" , Phanocloidea redtenbacheri and "Phobaeticus redtenbacheri" . In addition, the name of the subspecies "Bacillus rossius redtenbacheri" is dedicated to him.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73088142

Savernake Forest LTC Tournament

The Savernake Forest LTC Tournament was a late Victorian era grass court tennis tournament staged in mid October 1880 at the Savernake Forest, LTC, Savernake, Wiltshire, England, which ran for just one known edition. History. The Savernake Forest LTC Tournament was a tennis event staged in mid October 1880. It was organised by Savernake Forest Lawn Tennis Club with the event being held on the Savernake Forest cricket club grounds, Savernake, Wiltshire, England. The first and final winner of the men's singles was Ireland's George R. M. Hewson. Location and venue. Savernake is a civil parish immediately south and southeast of Marlborough, Wiltshire, England. The Savernake Forest LTC, founded in 1878, held its first known tournament in 1880 on the Savernake Forest Cricket Club grounds (S.F.C.C.). Finals. Men's Singles. "(Incomplete roll)"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73089773

2023 Nigeria Invitational Women's T20I Tournament

The 2023 Nigeria Invitational Women's T20I Tournament was a women's Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket tournament that took place in Nigeria from 27 March to 2 April 2023. The venue for all of the matches was the Tafawa Balewa Square Cricket Oval in Lagos. This was the second edition of the tournament with WT20I status, with Rwanda returning to defend the title. In the 2022 tournament, Rwanda defeated the hosts Nigeria in the final. In addition to the 2022 finalists, Ghana and Sierra Leone also returned this year, while Cameroon made their debut in the tournament. Gambia, who competed in 2022, withdrew for personal reasons. Rwanda finished on top of the round-robin table after defeating Nigeria in the last match. However, Nigeria then defeated Rwanda by 9 runs in the final to win the tournament. Sierra Leone beat Cameroon in the third-place play-off. Round-robin. Points table. Advanced to the final Advanced to the 3rd place play-off

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73101622

Arjun Nimmala

Arjun Nimmala (born October 16, 2005) is an American professional baseball shortstop in the Toronto Blue Jays organization. He is ranked third on Major League Baseball's 2023 Top 30 Blue Jays prospects list. Amateur career. Nimmala lives in Valrico, Florida and attends Strawberry Crest High School. His parents immigrated to the United States from India. As a youth, Nimmala primarily played cricket and spent his summers visiting his relatives in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh. He committed to play college baseball at Florida State while he was a freshman in high school. Nimmala was named the Florida Gatorade player of the Year and the Wade Boggs Athletic Award, given to the best player in Hillsborough County, Florida, as a senior after batting .479 with six home runs and 29 RBIs. Professional career. Nimmala was selected by the Toronto Blue Jays with the 20th overall selection in the 2023 Major League Baseball draft. He signed with the Blue Jays on July 17, 2023, for a below slot value of $3,000,000.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73113499

Harry Godfrey

Harry Godfrey (born 3 January 2003) is a New Zealand rugby union player, who currently plays as a first five-eighth or fullback for in New Zealand's domestic National Provincial Championship competition and the in Super Rugby. Early career. Godfrey was born and raised in Hunterville in the Manawatū-Whanganui region in the lower half of New Zealand's North Island. He attended Whanganui Collegiate School and played both rugby and cricket for the school. In 2019, he played for the school's 1st XV team that finished second in the Central North Island competition. The following year, he captained the team to a third place in that competition. He also played rugby sevens for his school, including at the 2020 Secondary School Sevens, of which he made the Tournament Team. Godfrey represented Whanganui at age grade level. After graduating high school, Godfrey headed to Hawke's Bay where he plays for the Central Hawke's Bay Rugby & Sports Club in the province's club rugby competition. After good performances for the Hawke's Bay Academy team in 2021, Godfrey was named in the Hurricanes U20 squad for that year's Super Rugby Aotearoa Under-20 tournament. Senior career. At only 18 years old, Godfrey was named in the squad for the 2021 Bunnings NPC season. He made his debut for the province on 6 November 2021 in a non-competition game against . He scored his first try for the Magpies the following season, in their Ranfurly Shield defence against on 30 July 2022. His first NPC game followed on 17 August 2022 against in Dunedin. Godfrey was one of a select group of young players, who earned a National Development Contract and trained with the ahead of, and during, the 2022 Super Rugby Pacific season. On 25 March 2022, he was named in the Hurricanes U20 team for the 2022 Bunnings Warehouse Super Rugby U20 competition in Taupō. In 2023, Godfrey was again among the National Development Contracted players, who trained with the Hurricanes. He played in both the Hurricanes' preseason games ahead of the 2023 Super Rugby Pacific season. Although he wasn't named in the initial Hurricanes squad for their 2023 campaign, he was on the team sheet for their round 1 game against the and made his Super Rugby debut for the franchisevia the benchon 25 February 2023. He made his starting debut for the Hurricanes on 2 April 2023 against the . Meanwhile, for the third consecutive year, Godfrey played for the Hurricanes U20 team in the Super Rugby U20 competition in Taupō. Godfrey was one of the standout players of the tournament and received the Sir John Graham Player of the Tournament award. On 3 April 2023, the Hurricanes announced that the franchise had signed Godfrey until the end of 2025. International career. In 2020, after an outstanding 1st XV season, Godfrey was invited to attend a Barbarians Under 18 Development Camp, at the end of which he was named in the New Zealand Secondary Schools team. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this was only a paper team and it didn't play any games. A year later, Godfrey was for the first time named in the New Zealand Under 20 team. However, due to the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, both the 2021 Oceania Rugby Under 20 Championship and World Rugby U20 Championship were cancelled. Instead, the team played a series of four matches on home soil, including one international match against the Cook Islands national team. The NZ Under 20s won that game 73 – 0 and Godfrey scored one of the tries. In 2022, Godfrey was again named in the New Zealand Under 20 team and played in two of the three matches of the 2022 Oceania Rugby Under 20 Championship. New Zealand won the tournament after winning all three games.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73113675

Rochester Open

The Rochester Open was a men's and women's grass court tennis tournament founded in 1881 as the Paddock LTC Open. It was organised by the Paddock Lawn Tennis Club, and played at The Paddock, King's School, Rochester, Kent, England. The tournament ran till 1924. History. The Rochester Open tournament was founded in 1881. The tournament was organised by the Paddock Lawn Tennis Club, and was played at The Paddock, King's School, Rochester, Kent, England until 1924. The Paddock is the cricket square for King's School Rochester. Location. Rochester is a town in Medway, in Kent, England. It is located about 30 miles (50 km) from London. The town forms a conurbation with neighbouring towns Chatham, Rainham, Strood and Gillingham.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73114346

Dundalk Tournament

The Dundalk Tournament was a late Victorian era Irish grass court tennis tournament organised by the Dundalk Tennis Club, and played at the cricket field of the Dundalk Grammar School, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland. from 1881 to 1884. History. The Dundalk Tournament was an late 19th century tennis event first staged in late July 1881, at the cricket field of the Dundalk Grammar School, Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland. The first recorded winner of the men's singles was Ireland's Robert Shaw Templer. The final known edition was in 1884.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73115372

2022–23 Hong Kong Quadrangular Series

The 2022–23 Hong Kong Quadrangular Series was a Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket tournament, that took place in Hong Kong in March 2023. The participating teams were the hosts Hong Kong along with Bahrain, Kuwait and Malaysia. Shortly before the tournament, Cricket Hong Kong announced that former Kent County Cricket Club player Simon Willis became the new head coach of their senior men's team. Malaysia and Hong Kong won their matches on the opening day of the series. Both sides won again on the following day to confirm that they would meet again in the final. Hong Kong defeated Malaysia in the final by 39 runs to win the tournament. The T20I tournament was followed by a 50-over One Day tri-series between Hong Kong, Kuwait and Malaysia. All competing teams used the 50-over event as preparation for the 2023 Men's Premier Cup. Round-robin. Points table. Qualified for the final Advanced to the third place play-off

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73115519

Tynedale Open Tournament

The Tynedale Open Tournament was a grass court tennis tournament founded in 1881 as the Hexham Tournament and first staged at Priors Flat Grounds, Hexham, Northumberland, England. History. The Hexham Tournament was an late 19th century tennis event first staged around August 1881 at Priors Flat Cricket Grounds, Hexham, Northumberland, England. The first winner of the men's singles was England's Jasper Gibson. The first tournament was staged until 1885. In 1888 the Tynedale Lawn Tennis Club, and Tynedale Cricket Club were founded and staged events on the land leased by the Tyndale Athletic Association. In 1890 a second Hexham tournament was revived as the Tynedale Open Tournament (allowing women's competitions) that was organised by the Tynedale Lawn Tennis Club. that event ran until 1931 before it was discontinued. Location and Venue. Hexham is a market town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, on the south bank of the River Tyne, formed by the confluence of the North Tyne and the South Tyne at Warden nearby, and close to Hadrian's Wall. Hexham was the administrative centre for the Tynedale district. Tennis first appeared in Hexham in the early 1880s as a cement court built in the Hexham Abbey grounds. Its success led to acquiring the leasehold of Prior's Flat with a contract to lay turf on the tennis courts. Tynedale Lawn Tennis Club’ itself was founded in 1888 and moved to its present-day location on Prior's Flat in 1889. Beginning in the 1940s through to the 1940s 3 hard (shale) tennis courts which were replaced by three tarmacadam courts in the late 1960s. In 1977 a new Tynedale Sports Club was created; merging the hockey, cricket and tennis sections as one sports club. In 2021 The Tyndale lawn Tennis Club changed its name to the Hexham Lawn Tennis Club.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73117823

St. George's Cricket Club Tournament

The St. George's Cricket Club Tournament was a late 19th century men's international grass court tennis tournament first held on courts at the St. George's Cricket Club, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States, from 1881 to 1883. History. The St. George's Cricket Club Tournament was an late 19th century tennis event first staged in 1881 at the St. George's Cricket Club, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA. The first winner of the mens singles was Ireland's John J. Cairnes. The final known mens edition in 1886 was won by American player Robert Livingston Beeckman. It was a regular annual event for three years on the men's U.S.N.L.T.A lawn tennis seasons.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73123126

White Rose Lawn Tennis Tournament

The White Rose Lawn Tennis Tournament was a late Victorian era grass court tennis tournament first staged in 1881 at the Yorkshire Gentlemen's Cricket Club ground, York, Yorkshire, England. In 1887 the tournament was moved to Harrogate until 1888 when it was discontinued. History. The White Rose Lawn Tennis Tournament was a grass court tennis tournament founded in September 1881 and staged at the Yorkshire Gentlemen's Cricket Club ground, York, Yorkshire, England. In August 1887 the event was moved to Harrogate, North Yorkshire for the remainder of its run until 1888 when it was featured as part of the annual Harrogate Flower Show. Venues. The Yorkshire Gentlemen's Cricket Club was founded in 1863, and their grounds were based at Wigginton Road, York. In 1932 they moved to Escrick, six miles south of York, which has remained the home of the club ever since. In 1887 this tournament was moved to St George's Road Cricket Ground, Harrogate. Finals. Mens Singles. "(Incomplete roll)" Mix doubles. "(Incomplete roll)"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73124258

West Wales Championships

The West Wales Championships originally founded as the Tenby Lawn Tennis Club Tournament was a men's and women's grass court tennis tournament first held the Tenby Lawn Tennis Club, Tenby, Pembrokeshire, South Wales in 1876. In 1881 it was renamed as the South Wales Championships In 1900 it was renamed again to the West Wales Championships. The tournament was staged until the outbreak of World War Two in 1939. History. In 1876 the Tenby Lawn Club Tennis Tournament was first staged at the Tenby Lawn Tennis Club, Tenby, Pembrokeshire, South Wales. In 1881 the tournament changed its name to the South Wales Championships, and play was open to all residents who had resided for three months in all six southern counties of Wales. The first winner of the 1881 mens singles was Britain's L.G. Campbell. In 1885 the latter tournament was renamed as the South Wales and Monmouthshire Championships until 1900 when the Welsh Lawn Tennis Association moved the championships to Newport, Monmouthshire, South Wales. This tournament at Tenby, Pembrokshire was then renamed as the West Wales Championships which ran until 1939. The men competed for the West Wales Challenge Cup. Venue. The original Tenby Cricket and Lawn Tennis Club was a former sports club situated on Heywood Lane, Tenby. It opened in the late-nineteenth century. The cricket club occupied land to the south side of Heywood Lane whilst the Tennis Club was located on the north side of Heywood Lane. The Tennis club no longer exists and the land has been subsequently used for housing - this is the present Heywood Court. The cricket pitch still survives though. In 2009 a new Tenby Tennis Club was reformed. Finals. Mens Singles. (incomplete roll) included:.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73125517

Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan

Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan (Urdu: الخدمت فاؤنڈیشن پاکستان) is a non-political, non-governmental, and non-profit organization that provides humanitarian and social welfare services to communities across Pakistan. The Foundation has been known for its active involvement in disaster management, healthcare, education, and orphan care for over three decades. Other services include child protection, clean water, mawakhat (interest-free loans), and community development. History. Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan was officially registered as a non-governmental organization in 1990. However, its humanitarian and relief record dates back to Pakistan's independence, initially providing the community with safe houses and focusing on their treatment and care, which became the trademark of Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan. Alkhidmat Foundation Women Wing Trust, with the same mission but with a separate structure and organisation, is a registered NGO established in 1990. The Women Wing Trust is dedicated to philanthropy, education, and empowerment for women. Alkhidmat is headquartered in Lahore and has 150 offices with full-time paid staff, but its leadership of one thousand people works voluntarily without receiving any honorarium. It has around 60,000 volunteers who work year-round, especially during times of disasters, to provide services across Pakistan. In 2010, Alkhidmat received financial support of US$407,318 (Rs.33.95 million approx.) from the Government of Japan to support the flood-affected people in Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In 2019, Alkhidmat visited Qatar to enlist the support and goodwill of the Pakistani community. In 2020, Alkhidmat arranged a prestigious ceremony at Alkhidmat Complex, Lahore, to honor the volunteers who exhibited extraordinary spirit in undertaking humanitarian relief activities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan. In 2022, Alkhidmat launched "Bano Qabil" to stabilize deserving youth financially. Alkhidmat set to launch rehabilitation and reconstruction activities to help the natural disaster victims return to normal life. The same year, Alkhidmat distributed Christmas gifts and rations among 1,500 underprivileged individuals belonging to the Christian community. In 2023, Alkhidmat and the National University of Computer and Emerging Science (NUCES) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to promote academia-industry linkages and other areas of mutual interest. Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan was awarded the 'Supreme Sacrifice of the Republic of Turkiye' by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan for its pivotal role in search, rescue, and aid operations following a significant earthquake in Turkey on February 6th. The award was received by Ikram ul Haq Subhani, President of Alkhidmat South Punjab, in recognition of the organization's outstanding contributions. Partnerships and collaborations. Alkhidmat joined hands with My Impact Meter, a platform that digitalizes social impact, to collaborate on an innovative initiative to raise funds for the Foundation's humanitarian and social welfare projects. Alkhidmat partnered with Carrefour, a retail company owned by UAE-based holding firm Majid Al Futtaim, to provide humanitarian aid. The partnership is set to provide meals to the less privileged during Ramadan in Pakistan and support the earthquake victims in Turkey and Syria. Alkhidmat and Aghosh, a UK-based relief organization, has collaborated and raised £370,000 ($454,000) in charity during dinners held in Manchester, Bradford, London, Milton Keynes, and Birmingham for the earthquake victims of Turkey and Syria. A cricket bat with signatures from Pakistani players was auctioned during the fundraising events at the dinners. Programs. Alkhidmat Foundation Health Projects. Alkhidmat Foundation Health Projects has implemented various programs to provide basic healthcare and nutritious food for underprivileged communities in Pakistan. Alkhidmat's Health and Nutrition programs include mobile medical camps, health and nutrition centers, vaccination drives, mother and child health, and food assistance. According to a report of Arab News, Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan took lead in coronavirus activities in Pakistan by effectively responding to the pandemic. Alkhidmat set up the hospital in response to the deaths of hundreds of children in the Thar desert region in 2014, resulting from severe drought and malnutrition. With 60 beds, the hospital provides free medical services to the underprivileged population, who would otherwise be unable to afford medical treatment. In July 2023, Al-Khidmat Foundation hosted a luncheon and provided sacrificial meat to transgender individuals and artists, aiming to integrate them into Eid-ul-Adha celebrations and promote inclusivity. The event, held in Peshawar highlighting the foundation's commitment to addressing societal challenges. The initiative's positive reception underscores the importance of mainstreaming marginalized communities and fostering an inclusive environment. Alkhidmat Foundation: Disaster Management Projects. Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan actively responds to emergencies and disasters, providing relief and rehabilitation services to the affected communities, while exemplifying inclusivity by extending its support to all members of society, including minorities and the intersex community. The organization runs disaster preparedness programs, provides emergency supplies and shelter, and works with local communities to rebuild their homes and livelihoods. United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, during his official tour to Pakistan in the wake of terrible floods highly appreciated Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan for its awesome relief and rescue efforts. Amidst the devastating floods of 2023 in Pakistan, Alkhidmat's compassionate efforts were acknowledged by intersex individuals, highlighting the organization's dedication to caring for vulnerable populations during times of crisis. The intersex community is vigorously engaged in raising funds for the unfortunate ones along with Alkhidmat Foundation. In response to the World Health Organization's assessment of the precarious situation faced by 650,000 pregnant women in flood-affected areas, Alkhidmat took swift action by launching the "Safe Mother, Safe Family" program. Following a devastating earthquake on February 6, 2023 in Turkey and Syria, Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan quickly mobilized relief efforts by collaborating with its partners in the country. Alkhidmat urged Pakistani students to join the relief teams and help save lives in the earthquake-affected areas. Alkhidmat Foundation Educational Projects. Alkhidmat Foundation Educational Projects improve access to education for underprivileged children in Pakistan. Its programs include schools and educational institutions, school adoption programs, scholarship programs, vocational training, and education support. Alkhidmat also runs scholarship program with the name of Alfalah Scholarship scheme to enable talented and deserving students to continue their education. Alkhidmat Foundation Orphan Care Homes. Alkhidmat Foundation Orphan Care Homes aim to support and care for orphaned children through various programs, including the Orphan Family Support Program and Aghosh Homes. Alkhidmat Foundation Clean Water Project. Alkhidmat Foundation Clean Water Project provides clean drinking water to people in Pakistan. Alkhidmat has implemented several Clean Water Projects, including water filtration plants, hand pumps, solar-powered water pumps, water storage tanks, and water tankers. Microfinance Program (Mawakhat). Microfinance Program (Mawakhat) provides small and interest-free loans to underprivileged individuals in Pakistan to help them start or expand their businesses. Alkhidmat's Mawakhat program includes dedicated efforts to empower and support the transgender community, fostering economic independence and livelihood opportunities.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73126556

Otto Schwarz

Otto Schwarz (10 August 1876 – 1961) was a German travelling musician. He was the leader, or "Kapellmeister", of a small band of mixed instruments and sometimes vocalists called the Bavarian String Band, which performed in England in the summer months between 1897 and 1914. The band performed mainly outdoors, and primarily in Harrogate, North Riding of Yorkshire, besides other towns. It played Victorian and Edwardian parlour music, as well as extracts from symphonies and operas. At certain charity events, Schwarz would donate the band's collection of the day to local causes, such as hospitals. At the onset of the First World War, Schwarz and his players were interned and transported to the Isle of Man. Schwarz died in Hinzweiler in 1961. Background. Otto Schwarz was born on 10 August 1876 in Hinzweiler, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Before borders changed, Hinzweiler was in Bavaria, Germany. He was the son of bandleader Daniel Schwarz and Katharina Zink. On 20 November 1900 Schwarz married Amalia Merker, whom he had known from childhood in Hinzweiler. They had three children: Wilhelm, Berthold and Marianne. On 2 April 1911, Schwarz was renting a house for his band at 13 Valley Road, Harrogate, with his wife Amalia, their son Berthold (born in Bavaria), his younger brother Gustav Adolf and four nephews. Gustav and the nephews were musicians in the band, and all were born in Bavaria. Career. Schwarz was a "wandermusikant", bandleader, composer, church organist, and music teacher. Training and Jacob Hoffmann's band. Schwarz was eight years old when his father died, but he was assisted in following in his father's footsteps by his home town's "close-knit community" and musical culture. In Hinzweiler, the music club "played a strong and central role in public life ... The village music teacher took Otto as a pupil teaching him clarinet, flute and piccolo, for which he had an obvious aptitude". He was apprenticed from the age of 13 years, and travelled with a band during the winters. In England he received encouragement as a travelling musician from Hinzweiler, because in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the itinerant bandsmen or "Wandermusikanten" from the Upper Palatinate area of Bavaria were "famous in Europe ... Shortly before the First World War there were about 2,500 bands from the former Pfalz locality travelling outside Germany". Around 1890 he became a member of his uncle Jacob Hoffmann's itinerant band, and later travelled to Liverpool and Manchester as leader of one section of that band. Bavarian String Band. At twenty years old in 1897, Schwarz came back to England, performing in Whitby, Saltburn and Morecambe with his own seven-man band, the Bavarian String Band, which included his brother Gustav, four of his other relatives, and Ludwig Bollenbacher on double bass. He appeared in Harrogate, North Riding of Yorkshire, in 1902 as a "fresh musical phenomenon", and brought Amalia with him. Visitor numbers had increased at that time, and there were at least four council-owned bandstands available to those with official permission. He must have got permission, because the "Harrogate Herald" said, "I must say that the little German String Band which has so long been in residence in Harrogate plays exceedingly well a tasteful repertoire". He was also performing in hotels for rich guests, and outdoors at Bog's Field (now Valley Gardens), next to the Grand Opera house, and at Pierhead, Harrogate. In the 19th and early 20th century, money was collected from audiences at outside venues by "bottling" – walking around the audience during performances with a collecting-bottle or other receptacle. Schwarz performed from 1897 to 1914 in Harrogate, returning there from Germany during most summers. He rented many different terrace houses in the town for the band, for example in Bedford Row, Belmont Avenue, Valley Road, Strawberry Dale, Duchy Avenue and Valley Mount. It was normal practice for bands such as Schwarz's to be resident all summer in one town, but to take extra bookings in nearby locations. On 16 August 1904. Schwarz and his band provided the music for the annual dinner of the United Billposters' Association, at the Crown Hotel, Harrogate. On 23 June 1906 at the Wells House Hotel and Winter Gardens, Ilkley, Schwarz and his band were one of several playing at the hotel's 50th anniversary celebrations. In 1907 the band – described as the "Blue Bavarian Band" – performed "A brief, though artistically-rendered programme" at the Queen's Hall, Otley. They were on their way to Blackpool, where Schwarz's father used to perform. On 30 March 1908, the Bavarian String Band performed at the Queen's Hall, Otley: the march from "Tannhäuser", a Suppé overture, a Strauss waltz, "The Gondoliers", "Troop March" by Lutz, and a fantasia from "Lohengrin". Monday 28 March 1910 was a day of "glorious weather", in which bands and other entertainments played across Harrogate, to attract visitors at the spa. Those on Prospect Hill in daytime, and at the Kursaal in the evening, were "regaled by Otto Schwarz's Bavarian Band". On 28 July 1904 and 3 August 1912, Schwarz and his band provided the music at the annual sports day of Clifton College, Harrogate, on Harrogate Cricket Ground, in front of a "large and fashionable assemblage of spectators". Charity performances. Schwarz was a philanthropist on a modest scale, in that he gave charity concerts for the benefit of poorer performers such as the Harrogate Glee Singers, and hospitals such as Harrogate Infirmary. At Hoad Hill, Ulverston, on 2 April 1905, Schwarz and his band gave a performance for "a large crowd". The programme included items from his father Daniel's repertoire: the march from "Tannhäuser", and "Messiah". The other items were selections from "Lohengrin", the ""William Tell" overture", "Queen of Angels" cornet solo, the overture from "Zampa", and selections from "Cavalleria Rusticana", Half of the band's collection was donated to Ulverston Cottage Hospital. This effort was repeated on 7 May 1905, when the Bavarian Band played another set on Hoad Hill for the same cause. "A substantial sum was realised". In 1907, Schwarz donated 8s 5d, () half his band's takings at Blackpool on 3 March, to Driffield Cottage Hospital. His band was playing as (or perhaps with) the Blackpool Band on that occasion. After a musician and friend of Schwarz – Wallace Henry Hartley – was drowned on the "Titanic" in 1912 while performing as its bandleader, Schwarz gave a benefit concert with carefully-chosen pieces, including the overture or march (reports vary) from "Tannhäuser" (about a travelling poet or musician), on 1 May, in memory of those lost in the disaster. It also featured baritone and tenor duets from "'Watchman, what of the Night" and "Excelsior", "Old Kentucky Home", a cornet solo, and the overture from "Poet and Peasant". The weather was bad, but they still had "a good audience". The concert brought £4 (), which Schwarz "handed over to the Lord Mayor of London". In July 1912, Schwarz and his band supported efforts to raise money for the Missions to Seamen at the school in the Waldernheath villa in Cornwall Road, Harrogate, by entertaining the paying visitors. Winter work. For Schwarz, at home, there was work to be done on the farmland, but the musicians had extra work. On return to Germany for the winter, Schwarz would divide the summer's profits with the band, who had been paid basic wages during the tour. He would then prepare the band for the next season, purchasing new music sheets, practising with the band, and teaching apprentices. First World War. Schwarz continued to perform in Harrogate up to 4 August 1914 when the First World War was announced. On 5 August, Schwarz and his band walked to Harrogate Police station with luggage and instruments, and queued, as per government requirement, to be interned as enemy aliens. They were imprisoned, then transported to the Isle of Man, where there were two camps for internees, and the camp at Douglas had a prisoner of war orchestra. Historian Malcolm Neesam says, "Until the international calamity of 1914, Otto Schwarz and his band provided the town with musical entertainment at a very professional level, although their status as street entertainers meant that they seldom received the formal acknowledgement that their talents deserved". The "Yorkshire Evening Post" of 15 August 1914 elaborates further, with a slightly different story: The war has robbed Harrogate of one of the features of its daily life – its German band! For sixteen years now Mr Otto Schwarz and his brother Gustav have led a little company of musicians whose presence in the town has become as familiar to the residents and the visitors as The Stray itself. Now they are silent for the first time in that long period, and they have not blown a note since the day Germany declared the war in Russia. There is a pathetic ring about their story, and it seems to have touched the hearts of many Harrogate people, who greatly respect the Schwarz brothers, for it should be borne in mind that the little company is not quite the type of ordinary peripatetic German bands one comes across. They pride themselves upon being really good musicians, and they secure quite a number of private engagements from shows, school parties, dances and so on. This summer there were six in the band, and of the four besides the Schwarz brothers, one is a young married man, and the other three youths in their teens. Not one of them has served as a soldier in the German army, but as soon as the announcement came that Germany was at war the four younger musicians deemed it their duty to go to London and report themselves to the German consul. That put a sudden end to the band's performances. The services of the four patriotic young Germans were not required however. It was no good returning to Harrogate as there were obvious objections to a German band appearing in the streets. One did return a day or two later, and the other three have been staying in London in the hope of coming across some other means of earning their livelihood. But apparently no English employer cares to take on Germans just now., and so the trio have decided to return to Harrogate, where they are expected today. Mr Gustav Schwarz has no two opinions about this war. "The Kaiser is mad", he declared to one of our representatives today. "Whatever possessed him to do as he has done goodness only knows. The rank and file in Germany no more wanted to go to war with England than the people here wanted to go to war with Germany". Death and legacy. Schwarz died aged 85 in Hinzweiler in 1961. In 2011, Schwarz's grandson Daniel K. Schwarz published a biography of Otto Schwarz in English, the title of which incorporated the name of his composition, "The Waves Roar". The archives of Otto Schwarz are kept in the Westpfälzer Musikantenmuseum Mackenbach, and in the Musikantenland Museum, in Lichtenberg Castle near Kusel, Germany.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73127352

Ashlee King

Ashlee King (born 1 September 2000) is an Australian cricketer who last played for Western Australia in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL). She plays as a right-arm medium bowler. She has previously played for Scorchers. Domestic career. King made her debut for Western Australia in the 2019–20 Women's National Cricket League, taking 1/29 from her 7 overs against Victoria. She went on to play two further matches for the side that season, taking two wickets overall. In 2021, King played for Irish team Scorchers in the Arachas Super 50 Cup and Arachas Super 20 Trophy. In a Twenty20 match against Typhoons, King took 5/10 to help her side to a 86-run victory. During the 2022–23 Women's National Cricket League, King returned to the Western Australia squad, and played two matches for the side that season, both against Tasmania, taking 3/62 from her 10 overs in the second of the two matches.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73131605

Indian cricket team in Ireland in 2023

The India men's cricket team toured Ireland in August 2023 to play three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. In March 2023, Cricket Ireland (CI) released the tour itinerary, with all the matches to be played in Malahide. On 27 June 2023, Cricket Ireland announced the schedule of the tour. India won the series 2–0, with one match of the series being washed-out.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73133317

Hampstead Cricket Club Lawn Tennis Section Tournament

The Hampstead Cricket Club Lawn Tennis Section Tournament was a men's and women's hard court) tennis tournament founded in 1881 at the Hampstead Cricket Club, Middlesex, England. The tournament ran annually until 1939 when it was discontinued due to World War II. History. Hampstead Cricket Club Lawn Tennis Section Tournament was established in 1881 when the tennis section of the Hampstead Cricket Club staged its first tournament. The tournament was held on hard courts, and was held annually through till 1939, when it was abolished due to World War II. Former winners of the men's singles title include Harry Sibthorpe Barlow and Herbert Chipp.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73133783

Rochford Hundred Club Lawn Tennis Tournament

The Rochford Hundred Club Lawn Tennis Tournament was a late Victorian era men's and women's grass court tennis tournament founded in 1881. It was organised by the Rochford Hundred Club, and played at the Rochford Hundred Cricket Club grounds, Rochford, Essex, England. Later editions were played at Southend Park, Southend-on-Sea, Essex. The tournament ran till 1886. History. The Rochford Hundred Club Lawn Tennis Tournament was an late 19th century grass court tennis tournament founded in August 1881 at the Rochford Hundred Cricket Club grounds, South-on-Sea, Essex, England. Later editions were played at Southend Park, South-on-Sea, Essex, England. The tournament ran till 1886. The Rochford Hundred Club that consisted of the Rochford Hundred Cricket Club and Rochford Hundred Lawn Tennis Club, and played at the Rochford Hundred Cricket Club grounds.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73135653

Irvine F.C. (1875)

Irvine Football Club was a football club from the town of Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland. History. The club was formed in 1875, as an offshoot of a cricket club formed the previous year, and played its first match on the Burgh Moor in November that year against Portland of Kilmarnock, losing 2–0 after conceding two late goals to the more experienced club. The club was one of the entrants to the first Ayrshire Cup in 1877–78, being thrown out of the competition on a technicality. Irvine entered the Scottish Cup on three occasions. Its first entry in 1879–80 saw the club disqualified without playing. Irvine was drawn at home to Cumnock, and set the kick-off for 3.30; Cumnock arrived two hours late because of a railway accident, Irvine refused to play, and both sides claimed the tie. The Scottish Football Association ordered a replay on the following Saturday, tossing a coin to see who would host the tie. The coin fell in favour of Cumnock, but Irvine refused to turn up, perhaps peeved at having lost home advantage through no fault of its own, and the SFA disqualified Irvine for not complying with the SFA's direction. In 1880–81 the club played its only Cup match, at Beith, losing 4–1 after failing to take advantage of the strong wind behind its players in the first half. The club was due to host Hurlford in the first round in 1881–82, but, on the basis that the players had not had any practice, the club agreed to cede the tie. The club's final competitive match was a 4–0 Ayrshire Cup defeat at Stewarton Cunninghame in October 1881, and the final actual recorded match a 3–1 defeat at home to the obscure Ayr Western. A concert was given to raise funds for the club on 30 December 1881, although an advert for it appeared on the following day. There are no recorded matches afterwards. Colours. The club's colours were originally red, white, and blue, probably in hoops as the dominant design at the time. The colours it registered with the Scottish FA were navy blue shirts and white shorts. Grounds. The club originally played on the Burgh Moor, moving to a pitch on the Irvine Mains farm by 1878. By 1879 the club was playing at the Newfield ground on the Kilwinning Road, later the home of the Irvine Academicals.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73136208

Roshan Biyanwila

Air Vice-Marshal Roshan Biyanwila VSV, USP, ndc, psc (also known as RS Biyanwila) is a senior Air officer of the Sri Lanka Air Force who is serving as Director General of the Sri Lanka Civil Security Force. Earlier, he was deputy Chief of Staff of the Sri Lanka Air Force. Before that, he was Director Administration at Air Force Headquarters from 2020 to 2022. Early life and education. Biyanwila was educated at St. Peter's College Colombo. Thereafter he joined the Sri Lanka Air Force as an Officer Cadet in the Administration Branch as an Officer Cadet in 19th inake course. He holds a Master of Business Administration from the University of Bedfordshire, United Kingdom. Air Force career. Roshan Biyanwila served as Secretary of Sri Lanka Cricket Board while he was Air Commodore. He took over the responsibility of Secretary, Sri Lanka Cricket board on January, 2018. He was Media Spokesperson representing Air force at Media Centre for National Security (MCNS) while he was Group Captain. After promoted to Air Vice Marshal he became Director of Admin. He officially took over the deputy chief of staff, SLAF appointment on 1 January 2023. Personal life. Biyanwila is married to mrs.Dilini and together they have a daughter and son.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73137758

Mary Benton

Mary Sophia Benton (23 December 1855 – 28 May 1944) was an English headteacher. She was the second headmistress of South Hampstead High School known for her male attire and her drive for scientific study. Life. Benton was born in 1855 near Hornchurch at Wennington that was the twin village to Rainham. Her parents were Sophia Elizabeth (born Julian) and Aaron Benton. Her mother died when she was young. She had a short experience (and dislike) of a lady-like education at Ramsgate academy for girls. She was taught by a governess at the large family farm and later Landthorpe (or Lenthorpe) House. Her governess Emily Pollett also ran a local school. before she went on to study and work in France and Germany. She gained two languages and returned to England. She went to join Newnham College which was exceptional because it offered a university level education to women even though they may have no formal academic qualifications. It has led by Jemina Clough and its academic rigour came from male tutors who were willing to donate their time to teaching women. Benton troubled Newnham's head Anne Jemima Clough as Benton adopted male dress and she refused to change her ways. Benton tried to arrange a cricket match and Clough was only able to prevent it by claiming that she was concerned for the grass. She left after a year and did not take a qualification. Benton taught briefly at South Hampstead High School which was then known as Saint John's Wood High School. Its founding head in 1876 had been Miss Allen-Olney. Benton went on to teach at other schools. In 1876 Miss Allen-Olney had decided to leave South Hampstead High School to set up a similar school nearby. South Hampstead High School required a new head and new leadership as morale was low. Benton was chosen. Benton was known as the "Brigadier-General" and she dressed in a suit, a collar and tie, a short haircut and homburg. She supported the cause for women's suffrage and she supported one of her teachers who was more militant. The teacher was given leave of absence while they were held at Holloway Prison. She had a chair reserved for herself in every classroom to make her visits welcome. She taught geography but she was certain that there were no subjects reserved or denied to women. Students were required to take three languages although the demand for German was relaxed after anti-German views from some of the parents during the first world war. She retired at sometime after the end of the second world war but it seemed to take some time to organise a pension. While this was organised she took temporary work as a teacher. Death and legacy. In 1926 it was reported that half the students from the school then at university were taking scientific subjects. Benton died in 1944.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73139019

St Kilda vs Geelong (2009 AFL season)

In round 14, 2009, an Australian Football League home-and-away match was played between and at Etihad Stadium in Melbourne on 5 July 2009. Both clubs entered the match undefeated with 13–0 records for the year. St Kilda won the classic, close encounter by six points, with ruckman Michael Gardiner kicking the winning goal inside the final two minutes. The attendance of 54,444 stands as the highest ever at Etihad Stadium for an Australian rules football match, and the match is considered one of the best home-and-away matches in the league's history. Background. In the 2009 AFL season, (the Saints) and (the Cats) were the two dominant clubs by a considerable margin. The only home-and-away match between the two was scheduled for round 14, by which time both clubs were undefeated with 13–0 records and four wins ahead of third place. Undefeated teams had never previously played each other so late in a VFL/AFL season, the previous latest being in round 8, 1991 between two 6–0 teams. The match was one of the most heavily promoted home-and-away games in the league's history. The game held greater contextual significance than just the teams' undefeated records: Geelong and St Kilda were two of the era's best teams at the peaks of their abilities, and were separately dominating with their own revolutionary styles of play: Geelong was a warm favourite in betting markets, attracting odds of $1.50–$1.57 through the week to St Kilda's $2.40–2.50. Betting volumes on the match were lower than typical, and a draw – which was backed in from $51 to $20 and came very close to eventuating – would have been by far the worst result for bookmakers. Match arrangements. The match was a St Kilda home game, and was played at its primary home ground, Etihad Stadium. As early as May, the AFL opened negotiations with stadium managers, seeking to relocate the match from Etihad Stadium (capacity 55,000) to the Melbourne Cricket Ground (capacity 100,000), under a seldom-used 'best-fit' policy in place for the relocation of high-crowd matches. The relationships between the AFL and both stadium managements were strained for unrelated reasons at that time; and ultimately no deal to relocate was reached, since the expense of compensating Etihad Stadium, reticketing the match, and changing signage at the Melbourne Cricket Ground to satisfy Etihad Stadium advertisers, would have resulted in a $250k loss. Tickets to the match sold out by 22 June; it was not a declared event under Victorian anti-scalping laws, and some resold tickets fetched hundreds of dollars. The match was originally scheduled to commence at 2:10pm, with a delayed telecast on the Seven Network to commence at 3pm, which was the standard scheduling for Sunday afternoon matches at the time. There was public demand for a live telecast of the match. For much of broadcast history, it had been the policy to protect gate takings by restricting live VFL/AFL telecasts into the home state unless the match was sold-out; this policy no longer existed in 2009, with the networks having the right to broadcast any match live, but it remained Seven's preference to broadcast its Sunday matches delayed, as a ratings lead-in to its 6:00 pm news. To balance both expectations, the AFL changed the match's start time to 3:10pm, allowing both a live broadcast and a news lead-in. This was a once-off change until the 2012 broadcast deal; since then, the free-to-air broadcaster's Sunday afternoon match has always been a live broadcast at or around 3:10–3:20pm EST. Match summary. The match was played under the closed roof at Etihad Stadium. The sell-out crowd of 54,444 set a new record for an Australian rules football match at the stadium, with a majority supporting the home team St Kilda. Both teams lost important players to injury shortly before the match: veteran St Kilda defender Max Hudghton, who spent the week under an injury cloud after an incident the previous week, was omitted from the team for Raphael Clarke at the selection table; and Geelong goalsneak Steve Johnson withdrew on the morning of the game with a hip injury, and was replaced by emergency Simon Hogan. First quarter. St Kilda dominated the opening phases of the game, and kicked its first goal after two minutes, when tagger Clinton Jones capitalised on a fumble by Geelong's Gary Ablett Jr., whom he tagged throughout the game. Two minutes later, Nick Riewoldt kicked the second goal after taking a courageous mark with the flight of the ball in the goal square. St Kilda cleared the ensuing centre bounce, and a long set shot by Justin Koschitzke was touched back into play by the Geelong defenders on the goal line, where it was gathered and kicked through for a close range goal by Michael Gardiner. St Kilda missed a strong chance for a fourth goal two minutes later from a turnover at half-forward; then kicked a fourth goal by a long set shot from Koschitzke, to lead 4.1 (25) to no score after only ten minutes of play. Geelong gained some repeat forward-50 entries over the next five minutes, but St Kilda's defense was strong, and Geelong managed only a behind rushed from a marking contest in the 12th minute. St Kilda rebounded, and after forcing a turnover by Cameron Ling trying to clear the ball, Sam Fisher kicked a goal on the run in the 18th minute to extend the margin to 30 points. Adam Schneider narrowly missed a chance to kick St Kilda's sixth goal two minutes later, extending the margin to a game high 31 points: St Kilda 5.2 (32), Geelong 0.1 (1). Geelong kicked its first two goals late in the quarter, in both cases benefitting from free kicks. In the 26th minute, after the kick-in from another St Kilda behind, the play ended with a mark to Ablett 65m from goal; he received a 50-metre penalty after Jones cribbed over the mark, and kicked Geelong's first goal from 15m. Then in the 30th minute, Travis Varcoe received possession from a ball-up at half forward and initially snapped a behind on the run from 35m; but, he received a free kick after being illegally bumped by Zac Dawson after the kick and kicked a goal from the second chance. St Kilda played tempo football to finish the quarter, and led 5.3 (33) to 2.2 (14) by 19 points at quarter time. Second quarter. Geelong won early ruck contests, but it was St Kilda who scored first, Riewoldt kicking a goal from 50m in the second minute. Geelong missed two relatively easy shots over the following minute: Simon Hogan missing a snap shot under minimal pressure, and Cam Mooney foregoing a 15m set shot from a 60° angle in favour of passing to Jimmy Bartel who missed from a worse position (45m, 30° angle); Mooney, a 181-game veteran, came under heavy criticism from analysts and his coach for his decision to pass. St Kilda went coast-to-coast from the kick-in after Bartel's behind, Andrew McQualter kicking the goal from 35m to extend the margin to 29 points. Despite the margin, gameplay statistics had evened up since St Kilda's fast start, and at this point the teams each had 19 inside-50s and Geelong led the clearances 14–10. Early in the second quarter, Geelong defender Darren Milburn injured his ankle, and he shifted into the forward line. Geelong kicked the next two goals: a rapid chain of handpasses through the centre of the ground was finished by Milburn with a 45m goal in the 13th minute; and, after Varcoe caught Jason Blake holding the ball at St Kilda's half-forward, a quick rebound ended with a goal to Ablett from 15m in the 17th minute. Adam Schneider kicked a goal for St Kilda from the ensuing centre bounce. There followed several minutes of end-to-end play, before Joel Corey kicked the last goal of the quarter in the 24th minute. St Kilda held territory in the final minutes of the quarter missed two late chances – Leigh Montagna unable to convert a snap shot after Geelong's James Kelly turned over the ball deep in St Kilda's forward line; and Luke Ball taking a snap shot straight out of the ruck with six seconds remaining for no score. Geelong won the even quarter by two points, and St Kilda 8.4 (52) led Geelong 5.5 (35) by 17 points at half time. Third quarter. Geelong opened the strongest in the third quarter, with six inside-50s to one in the first seven minutes, but managed only two behinds – both of them long bombs by Paul Chapman which were touched on the goal line. Then, in the 8th minute against the run of play, St Kilda launched an attack from a free kick, which ended with a mark and goal by Gardiner from 30m, extending the margin to 21 points. Geelong kicked the next three goals in less than four minutes to narrow the margin to only three points: in the 13th minute, a handpass chain through traffic ended with 50m set shot goal to Andrew Mackie; the ensuing centre clearance, won after a few repeat bounces, ended with a 50m set shot goal by Mooney; and the following centre bounce was won straight forward by Geelong, ending with a bouncing 40m snap shot by Joel Selwood which took an erratic bounce through for goal. St Kilda had the better of the last ten minutes of the quarter, the only goal kicked by Riewoldt from a 60m shot in the 27th minute, to extend the margin to ten points. Geelong won the quarter by seven points, although was the much stronger team for the quarter with a 15–8 advantage in inside-50s, and St Kilda led 10.5 (65) to Geelong 8.7 (55). Final quarter. Geelong had the first chance, with Selwood taking a 50m shot at the end of a chain of handpasses but failing to score. St Kilda rebounded, and Koschitzke converted a 50m set shot in the third minute. St Kilda held territory over the following minutes, with Gardiner effective across the centre of the ground at marking and turning over Geelong's rebound attempts. An accurate snap shot by St Kilda's Stephen Milne was rushed through for a behind by Geelong's Harry Taylor in the 5th minute. In the 9th minute, Geelong conceded an unlucky free kick, when Corey handpassed the ball onto team-mate Taylor's legs and it ricocheted out of bounds on the full near St Kilda's behind post; Montagna passed the free kick short to Gardiner, who kicked his third goal from 15m. Geelong narrowly averted another goal in the tenth minute, tackling Ball in the goal square and clearing for no score. By this time, St Kilda had extended the margin to 23 points. End-to-end play continued, but over the next ten minutes only Geelong made the most of its opportunities. In the 13th minute, a phase of broken play ended with 40m goal to Geelong's Max Rooke. St Kilda won the next centre clearance, but Schneider failed to score from a 35m snap shot. A sustained period of St Kilda attack ended when Geelong marked at centre half-back and won a 50-metre penalty; this was handpassed to Chapman, whose 70m long bomb bounced on the kick-off line and eluded three defenders through for a goal in the 17th minute. The next centre bounce ended with Mooney, who kicked a 50m set shot goal to narrow the margin to five points. St Kilda steadied next, Milne converting a 40m set shot in the 21st minute, and Nick Dal Santo missing a 25m snap shot after the ensuing centre clearance to extend the margin to 12 points. Geelong rebounded coast-to-coast from the kick-in, finishing with a 20m set shot goal by Darren Milburn in the 22nd minute. Two minutes later, Geelong's Shannon Byrnes kicked a goal from 35m minutes to level the scores with 4:51 of game time remaining. The final five minutes saw end-to-end play, with fatigue setting in and looser marking of opponents. Milne just dropped a mark right in front of goal with 3:10 remaining, and Geelong cleared. In a controversial moment with 2:35 remaining, Corey was illegally tackled by St Kilda's Raphael Clarke on the half-forward flank; but, the free kick which was paid was effectively nullified by a dubious advantage call by umpire Ray Chamberlain, as the ball had spilled forward to what turned out to be a neutral ground contest from which St Kilda cleared the ball. With 1:05 remaining, Ball kicked long to St Kilda's full forward, and Gardiner took flew in from the side to take a strong pack mark; Gardiner's elbow struck Taylor's head in the contest and knocked him unconscious, and there was a three-minute delay while he was stretchered from the ground. Gardiner converted the goal from 10m to give St Kilda the lead. St Kilda flooded its defence for the final minute, and held on for a six-point victory, St Kilda 14.7 (91) d. Geelong 13.7 (85). Overall. There was no consensus for the best player on the ground, but it was St Kilda ruckman Michael Gardiner who received three Brownlow votes and whose performance was best remembered. In a game in which both teams were missing their first choice ruckmen – Steven King suspended for St Kilda and Brad Ottens injured for Geelong – Gardiner stepped up as the most effective ruckman on the ground: his 20 hit-outs were serviceable, albeit fewer than his two opponents Mark Blake (25) and Shane Mumford (22), but his mobility gave him an advantage around the ground and his opponents were unable to counter his influence. He took seven marks and drifted forward to kick four goals, including the game winner in the final minute, while neither Geelong ruckman took a mark. Gardiner's mark for the final goal drew comparisons with Leo Barry's famous last-minute pack mark in the 2005 AFL Grand Final. Gardiner had been a No. 1 draft pick and 2003 All-Australian at as a star mobile ruckman, but through a combination of injury and poor off-field behaviour he had been traded to St Kilda in 2007 and played only 25 games between 2004 and 2008; having regained a regular place in St Kilda's team in 2009 and been among the best of the biggest games of the year, it was seen as a game of redemption and became the defining moment of Gardiner's career. The game fell on Gardiner's 30th birthday. The remaining Brownlow Medal votes went to Geelong midfielder Jimmy Bartel (37 disposals, 6 clearances) and St Kilda key forward Nick Riewoldt (11 marks, 3 goals), while the best on ground for sportswriters in both "the Age" and "Herald Sun" newspapers was St Kilda midfielder Lenny Hayes (33 disposals – including 13 in the final quarter – and 12 clearances). St Kilda half-backs Sam Fisher (20 disposals, 6 rebounds) and Sam Gilbert (27 disposals, 5 rebounds), who were significant in launching St Kilda's attacks, were both among the best; Fisher in particular was influential in St Kilda's fast start, with eight disposals in the first twelve minutes and a first quarter goal; and Geelong's Max Rooke, who took up a defensive forward role and limited Fisher's influence thereafter, was among Geelong's best and critical to its recovery. Other players among the best for Geelong were Joel Selwood (30 disposals, 6 clearances), Gary Ablett, Jr. (27 disposals, 2 goals), Paul Chapman (39 dispoals, 1 goal) and Andrew Mackie (23 disposals, 1 goal); and for St Kilda were Clinton Jones (22 disposals, limited Ablett to four disposals in the final quarter) and Brendon Goddard (24 disposals, 5 rebounds). The output of Geelong's forwards was criticised, with key forwards Tom Hawkins and Cam Mooney combining for only eight marks and two goals, compared with Justin Koschitzke and Nick Riewoldt who combined for 22 marks and five goals for St Kilda. Geelong was not helped by goalsneak Steve Johnson's late withdrawal, his absence reducing Geelong's forward line potency. St Kilda's opening five-goal assault specifically targeted and stopped Geelong's run-and-handball game with extreme pressure at the ball-carrier, causing several turnovers. Reflecting in 2019, Geelong's Cameron Ling said "that first quarter, I had never experienced speed of the game like that. You had basically zero time to get rid of the ball." However, Geelong ultimately managed to get its typical high-possession gameplan going, and finished with 40 more handpasses than kicks (187–227). Geelong had the better of the contests with a 42–37 advantage in clearances, and a 6–3 advantage in goals from stoppages. St Kilda's defensive and rebound game gave it a 10–5 advantage in goals from rebounds; and its full team defense saw it lay 84 tackles – the second-most in the club's history at that time – to Geelong's 68. Inside-50s were about equal across the game, St Kilda leading 53–51. Aftermath and legacy. St Kilda consolidated its position at the top of the ladder with the win, and went on to extend its winning streak to a club record 19 games, before finishing the home-and-away season with a 20–2 record and the minor premiership. Geelong entered something which, by its standards at the time, was a form slump: in its last nine games of the home-and-away season (including the St Kilda game) it went 5–4, with only two of those victories coming by a margin above one goal, and the club finished second with 18–4. The two clubs then both won through to the 2009 AFL Grand Final, setting up a rematch. In a close and high-tackling wet-weather encounter, considered just as classic as the round 14 match, the clubs were tied with as little as four minutes remaining – before an individual piece of brilliance between Geelong defender Matthew Scarlett and midfielder Gary Ablett, Jr. known as "the Toepoke" set up Paul Chapman's go-ahead goal. Geelong 12.8 (80) defeated St Kilda 9.14 (68) by twelve points, winning its eighth premiership. Sometimes now known as "the Battle of the Unbeaten", the round 14 game retains a legacy as one of the AFL's greatest home-and-away matches. Commentator Brian Taylor, reflecting in 2019, said "football reached its peak as a spectacle" in the match. Michael Gardiner's individual performance and game-winning mark and goal remained the most famous moment of his fifteen-year AFL career. As of 2022, the attendance of 54,444 remains the highest for a match at Etihad Stadium, and several players who played there frequently remarked that it was the loudest atmosphere they had encountered at the ground.

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ICC Women's T20 Champions Trophy

The ICC Women's T20 Champions Trophy is an international cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) contested by national women's teams. The first tournament will take place in 2027 in Sri Lanka, with matches being played in the Twenty20 cricket format. History. The ICC Women's T20 Champions Trophy was announced on the 8 March 2021, on International Women's Day. It was announced by the ICC in its events list for the 2024/31 cycle. The competition will include six teams. On the 26 July 2022, Sri Lanka was announced as the first hosts of this tournament, as long as they qualify. Format. Six teams will play each other in a Round Robin format, with the top 2 playing in the Final. It will comprise of 16 games in total.

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Acanthogryllus fortipes

Acanthogryllus fortipes, or the brown cricket, is a species of cricket from southern Africa. It is mostly dark brown in colour and has a large head. It is a common species in short grass, including artificial habitats such as lawns and fields. Description. This stocky cricket has a body length of about . It has a large, broad head and pronotum. It is dark brown in colour but has tan areas behind the head, on the sides of the prothorax and on the elytral (hardened forewing) margins. The fore tibia have a long, apical spur and the hind tibia have eight long spurs on both the inside and outside. Both sexes have wings. In females, the ovipositor is long, slightly shorter than the hind femur. Head. The head is mostly blackish, although it has a tan band across the vertex. The face is also blackish, with orange brown mouth part and orange cheeks. Prothorax. The upper part of the pronotum is patterned with dark brown and pale orange. The lateral lobes are black in the upper half and pale in the lower half. Wings. The forewings are brown but are pale along the medial vein. They never extend to the end of the abdomen. In females they extend at least two thirds of the way down the abdomen. The hindwings usually extend slightly beyond the forewings and rarely beyond the end of the abdomen. They may also be completely hidden by the forewings. Legs. The legs are pale brown or reddish brown and are often spotted or streaked with darker brown markings. The fore tibia have a large outer tympanum and a much smaller inner tympanum. The basal tarsomere is less than a third of its length. The hind tibia are dark brown with long, conspicuous spurs. The hind femurs are orange-brown with brown stripes on the outside. Distribution and habitat. This species is found in South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, where they are present in short cropped grass. They are particularly common in human altered landscapes, such as lawns. They have also been found near rivers in game reserves, which likely exhibits their natural habitat. While it is common in parts of South Africa, most notably KwaZulu-Natal, it is considered to be invasive in others, such as the Kruger National Park in the north of the country. Ecology. Life cycle. Adults are present between November and January. By late summer, adults are scarce and nymphs are common, suggesting that mating and egg-laying take place shortly after the rains begin. Song. The song is made up of between four and seven (most commonly four or five) successive pulse chirps. Males tend to aggregate and chirp on such a way that they are silent when their neighbours are calling. Males that sing in an alternating fashion like this call at a rate that is 30-60% slower than the rate that lone males call at. Lone males too start calling in an alternating fashion when exposed to the calls of other males. Alternate calling is only observed during sunset. Calls may overlap if they are made during the day. Burrows. Both nymphs and adults dig deep burrows to hide in during the day. At night, they emerge to feed on grass, and possibly other plants. The crickets crop grasses and store the clippings near the entrances of their burrows. They also pile them on top of the entrances. These burrows typically have two entrances, allowing the insects to escape should a predator approach. Predation. Sun spiders have been seen entering burrows in search of crickets. Other spiders presumably exhibit similar behaviour as a wasp has been found in a chamber with several spiders off a brown cricket burrow. At least two kinds of pompilid wasp are known to enter these burrows. Relationship with humans. The brown cricket is considered to be a pest, especially on fields and sports grounds and around young seedlings. At high densities, they can form large expanses of dead lawn. They are particularly considered to be a problematic species around cricket pitches, where they destroy the carefully maintained lawn. A study in Zimbabwe found that malathion sprays and baits could be used to control the population in such areas through causing mass mortality.

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2023 FairBreak Invitational T20 Hong Kong

The 2023 FairBreak Invitational T20 was the second edition of the FairBreak Invitational T20, a women's Twenty20 cricket competition, which was held from 3 to 16 April 2023 at the Kowloon Cricket Club in Hong Kong. The tournament, sanctioned by the ICC, was being privately run by FairBreak Global, a company that aims to promote gender equality. A total of 90 players from 28 countries were spread across six teams. The tournament was won by Warriors, who beat Falcons in the final by 94 runs. An additional tournament for 2023, staged in collaboration with USA Cricket, will be played in Houston, Texas, USA, between 15 and 30 September 2023. Competition format. Teams played each other team once, with two matches taking place on most days. The top four teams in the group advanced to the semi-finals. All matches took place at Kowloon Cricket Club. The group worked on a points system with positions being based on total points. Points were awarded as follows: Win: 3 points. Tie: 2 points. Loss: 0 points. Abandoned/No Result: 2 points. Bonus Point: 1 point awarded to the team with the highest score after 10 overs of the batting innings. Points table. Advanced to knockout stage

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73156289

Arabs in Aspic

Arabs in Aspic, at times also Arabs in Aspic II, is a progressive rock band formed in 1997. They are considered an institution of Norwegian retro-prog. History. Formed in 1997 as a Black Sabbath cover band, Arabs in Aspic did not have a consistent name in their initial days of producing music. Lead guitarist and vocalist Jostein Smeby played with Tommy Ingebrigtsen, who contributed as a rhythm guitarist and theremin player in various cover bands with a focus on the metal genre. The formation of the band included Hammond organ player Magnar Krutvik and two brothers, Eskil and Terje Nyhus, acting as drummer and bassist respectively. Ingebrigten's recognition as a ski jumping world champion, coupled with the other members' passion for the sport, earned them the title of being a "ski jumping band";a attribution the partners later worked to dismiss. Initially performing under different monikers, Arabs of Aspic took their name from the King Crimson album "Larks' Tongues in Aspic," out of reverence for the record. A book on the topic of cricket entitled "Arabs in Aspic" was then found by chance on eBay, and the name was assumed for the band. After the debut release, the group was joined by Stig Arve Jørgensen. He contributed background vocals and took over the Hammond organ after Krutvik switched to acoustic guitar and synthesiser. Following the release of the album "Far Out in Aradabia", the band went on a hiatus. In 2006, Smeby, Eskil Nyhus and Jørgensen joined forces with new bassist Erik Paulsen to form Arabs in Aspic II. Several demos were recorded in the subsequent years, before the band recorded the album "Strange Frame of Mind" in the studio of TNT guitarist Ronni LeTekro, in 2009. The album was mastered by Tommy Hansen at Jailhouse Studios in Denmark and received critical acclaim upon its release, with the LP version appearing in 2012. Following the release, the band dropped the 'II' and continued under the name Arabs in Aspic. In 2019, long-time live and session percussionist Alessandro Elide became a permanent member of the band. Style. From its inception, Smeby was the primary songwriter for the group. In addition to Black Sabbath, he cited stoner rock and classical modernism as influences, while other band members drew inspiration from progressive rock staples such as Genesis, King Crimson and Yes, as well as other genres such as music of the Balkans, fusion, jazz and more. These eclectic and varying sources of music influence provided the foundation for the group's sound. As a result of their influences, the group's sound has been described as a combination of "typical Scandinavian, slightly elegiac Retroprog with a good portion of hard rock." This style has shifted slightly over the years, with an early focus on hard and psychedelic rock evolving into a stronger adherence to progressive rock following the band's reunion. Drawing largely from psychedelic rock, the debut album of the band incorporates influences from Hawkwind, older Black Sabbath and Pink Floyd, featuring "dark crushing guitars and a lot of Hammond organ". This influence is more pronounced than in their later releases. The follow-up album of the band, "Far Out In Aradabia," was released a year and maintained a similar musical style. However, this album incorporated more hard rock elements than the debut, with pounding guitar riffs emphasising the band's heavier sound. In addition, the creative production was more ambitious and each song demonstrated a greater degree of independence. Although the band's music was still heavily rooted in the 1970s, there were strong similarities between the two albums, and this led to speculation that "both albums were recorded in one session." With the reunion album "Strange Frame of Mind", released in 2010, the group took a musical turn towards "likeable, perfectly old-fashioned" progressive rock, with "fat sound and impressive harmonies." Accordingly, "Strange Frame of Mind" was judged to be "the beginning of their modern era" in terms of the group's stylistic development. Without entirely discarding psychedelic rock, blues rock and hard rock influences to do so, the band increasingly embraced elements of progressive rock. Keyboard playing proved to be a prominent part of this change. The development is sometimes associated with the addition of Stig Arve Jørgensen. Other developments included an expansion of the distinct "developments include the increased prominence of backing vocals in more sophisticated arrangements and more frequent use of odd meters in the music." "Ironically," says Jon Davis, the loss of the second guitarist led to more variety in guitar playing, as Smeby used more different tones and techniques. Reception. Despite the change in style, international reviews of Arabs in Aspic's releases continued to be positive. Especially the re-releases and those after the reunion via Black Widow Records and Karisma Records received increased attention. The band is considered an "institution in its field". The debut album "Progeria", first released in 2003 via Børse Music, received international reviews, especially after its re-release via Karisma Records. The reviews of the remastered version of the album by Jacob Holm-Lupo were mostly positive. mastering version of the album were mostly positive. The release is "a short but nice combination of psychedelic retroprog and hard rock interludes", which however "still lacks the sophistication of the group's later albums", wrote Jochen Rinfrey for Babyblaue Seiten. On Metal Factory the album was praised as "[s]ehr interesting" for "70s and prog rock fans". A similar opinion was expressed for the webzine Vinyl-Keks. The album is for "prog rockers and fans of the 70s [...] a clear recommendation!" However, the debut was "not yet as musically mature" as subsequent releases. Mario Wolski from Saitenkult, on the other hand, criticised that the album "[was] much too short to pass as a full album." "Far Out In Aradabia" follows the quality of its predecessor, but convinces with its humour. The humour and the improvised piece "Butterpriest Jam" led to a gradually better rating by Wolski from Saitenkult. The humour is also emphasised by Rinfrey for Babyblaue Seien. Norbert von Fransecky from Musikansich.de referred to the "messages recorded in German, which are completely weird numbers, both in terms of language and content." For Jon Davis of Exposé, the band also show more independence and creativity on the release. Meanwhile, the improvisation "Butterpriest Jam" divided the reviewers. While the track, which was only added for the re-release, was praised by some as "19 minutes of first-rate improv rock" and "real added value" the centrepiece and highlight of the release, others such as Eric Porter of Sea of Tranquility and Jon Davis of Exposé found it boring and tedious. As the change in style ushered in by the reunion varied, so did the recommendations. Thus, "Strange Frame of Mind" was advised to those listeners who prefer progressive rock and appreciate Arabs in Aspic's more recent releases. In this new context, the music proves to be "obsolete, as the whole thing [...] sounds quite authentically like the 70s and also picks up the first retro-prog wave of the 90s [...]", but seems to be "very well" done, "technically perfectly implemented, [...] very colourful and imaginatively orchestrated and therefore all in all very varied." The assessment of "Picture in a Dream" remained that the group had congruently dedicated themselves to the sound of the 1970s. At the same time, the album had, "of course, nothing new to offer at all", but was "full of charm and joy of playing". Steven Reid of Sea of Tranquility, meanwhile, saw the album as evidence of the band's ongoing qualitative improvement. All the tracks proved to be extremely skilfully recorded and provided with powerful harmonic vocals. Peter Hackett of Musicwaves, however, criticised these. He said that the many voices were not balanced and thus stifled the music, which had some excellent compositions. "Victim of Your Father's Agony" also features the familiarity of the great and classic interpreters of progressive rock, but Arabs in Aspic take up the style and interpret it "new and fresh" in "their very own way." Jürgen Meurer of Betreutes Proggen also praised the album's reliably "good-humoured 70s-inspired prog" and only criticised the playing time of 38 minutes. Contrary to speculations that the album was in constant play throughout, Henry Schneider of Exposé wrote that the album was "not a huge step ahead," yet it was "obvious that the band is evolving and maturing." The seventh album of the band "Syndenes Magi" was praised by Thoralf Koß for Musikreviews.de as a "retro-progressive masterpiece from Norway, atmospherically moving between KING CRIMSON and PINK FLOYD". As a "musical nostalgia trip to the 70s that always evokes memories of big names from back then", and as a release "one of the most fascinating [LPs] of 2017" as well as a "consistently [... ] musical highlight" the reviewers of the webzines Babyblaue Seiten described the album. In addition to the toughness of the playing, which stood out from the models, the Norwegian vocals were highlighted, which gave the album its own touch. On "Magic and Madness", Andreas Schiffmann succeeded in condensing "everything that has always distinguished them into a comparatively 'thick' core". Thus, Arabs in Aspic "transfers the early phase of Genesis into the present time", which is why he declared the album "an abrasion-proof long-runner with addictive potential and a contender for the title 'Prog Record of the Year'". Other reviews were also full of praise, saying that the album was a "firework of ingenious ideas, of great songs performed with unbeatable nonchalance". Some criticisms were made, such as by Frank Jäger of Powermetal.de, about the production being too uniform. He speculated that an external producer could have brought out "a great album" even better. The album was repeatedly criticised for its lack of originality, as the band failed to "stand out from the self-made blueprint." On the other hand, the album was praised as such, as a successful example of retro-prog, "certainly leaving nothing to be desired by progressive music lovers". Especially "sympathisers of versatile retro-rock" would enjoy the album, because with "Madness and Magic" "Arabs in Aspic have once again succeeded in producing a beautiful retro-album," which is only nuances behind its predecessor, judged the reviewers of Babyblaue Seiten. Discography. Full Length Live Compilations Singles & EPs Einzelnachweise. <references responsive > </references >

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73157224

2023 Legends League Cricket Masters

The 2023 Legends League Cricket Masters or LLC Masters (also known as Skyexch.net Legends League Cricket Masters for sponsorship reasons) was a T20 cricket tournament featuring recently retired players, many of them former internationals. It was an international edition and third edition of Legends League Cricket, featuring three teams - India Maharajas, Asia Lions, and World Giants. Qatar Cricket Association hosted the tournament in West End Park International Cricket Stadium, Doha, Qatar from 10 March 2023 to 20 March 2023. The league was organized by Absolute Legends Sports Pvt. Ltd. For the third edition of the league, legendary cricketers Gautam Gambhir (India Maharajas), Shahid Afridi (Asia Lions), and Aaron Finch (World Giants) were chosen to be the captains of their respective teams. The league featured many cricketing legends like Harbhajan Singh, Brett Lee, Shoaib Akhtar, Aaron Finch, Gautam Gambhir, Irfan Pathan, Tillakaratne Dilshan, Chris Gayle, Shahid Afridi, S. Sreesanth amongst others, playing against each other to reignite famous cricketing rivalries of the recent past. Venue. The season was hosted by the Qatar Cricket Association at West End Park International Cricket Stadium. Points table. (C) Champions Advanced to the final Advanced to the eliminator League stage. The schedule was published on the official website on 27 February 2023. All times are according to Arabian Standard Time (). Broadcasters. Star Sports, Disney+ Hotstar and FanCode were the official broadcasters of this league in India.

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English cricket team in India in 2023–24

The England cricket team is scheduled to tour India from January to March 2024 to play five Test matches. The Test series will be a part of the 2023–2025 ICC World Test Championship.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73160699

Edinburgh Thistle F.C.

Edinburgh Thistle Football Club was a football club from the city of Edinburgh. History. The club was formed in 1871, which would make Thistle the first association club in the city. The foundation date may be that of a cricket club from the Meadows from which the association football club may have been formed. By 1874 it was recognised that there were two association clubs in Edinburgh - the Thistle and the 3rd Edinburgh Rifle Volunteers F.C.; Thistle was playing matches between its members in 1873, before the 3rd E.R.V. was set up. The club was one of the four founding members of the Edinburgh Football Association, formed in September 1875, with the 3rd E.R.V., Heart of Midlothian F.C., and Hanover. All except Hanover entered the Scottish Cup for the first time in 1875–76. At the time, the earliest rounds were played on a regional basis, and Hearts and the Volunteers were drawn to play each other, the winners to face Thistle in the second round of fixtures. The 3rd E.R.V. won through and beat Thistle 1–0 in a second round match replayed after the original game was abandoned through rain. The same season saw the first Edinburgh Football Association cup, the first regional knockout tournament in Scotland. All four members of the Edinburgh FA entered. Thistle beat Hearts 1–0 in its semi-final tie, but lost 6–0 in the final to the 3rd E.R.V. In 1876–77, Thistle beat Hibernian F.C. in the first round of the Edinburgh Cup 2–1, thanks to a late goal from Cochrane, and survived a protest from Hibs that an encroaching crowd (which sometimes was a yard inside the lines) had prevented an equalizer. Thistle beat Hanover in the semi-final. The final was due to take place on 24 February 1877, at the Meadows, but opponents 3rd E.R.V. did not show up, "much to the disappointment of a large concourse of spectators", so Thistle became Cup holders by default. The swift growth of the game soon left Thistle behind and before the 1877–78 season the club lost a number of members, "and is not so strong as it has been". The club continued to enter the Scottish Cup until 1879–80 but only won twice; both times against Hanover, by 5–0 in 1876 and 2–1 in 1878. Its last entry to the Edinburgh Cup was in 1882, by which time the club had only won one more tie in the competition. By 1883 the club had become a Junior club, and the final recorded games for the club were in the 1900–01 season. Colours. The club played in dark blue shirts with a single white stripe, and white knickers. Ground. The club played at the East Meadows.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73165491

Jimmy Kenyon

James Kenyon (18 January 1888 – 1949) was an English footballer who played as a centre forward for Stockport County, Glossop and Bradford Park Avenue, as well as non-league football for various other clubs. He also played Cricket for Old Glossop.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73170870

2023 SWAC women's basketball tournament

The 2023 SWAC Women's Basketball Tournament will be the postseason women's basketball tournament for the 2022–23 season in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The tournament will be held from March 8–11, 2023. The tournament winner will receive an automatic invitation to the 2023 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. The tournament will be sponsored by Cricket Wireless. Seeds. Teams will be seeded by record within the conference, with a tie–breaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. Only the top eight teams in the conference will qualify for the tournament.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73175004

Havelock F.C.

Havelock Football Club was a 19th-century Scottish association football club based in Govan, now in Glasgow. History. The club was founded in 1873 and had 30 members in its first season, winning 5 of its 12 matches. Havelock was formed from a cricket club which seems to have been founded in the same year and which played at the same ground. Havelock's first recorded matches were a pair of fixtures with the short-lived Ibrox club, which also used Middleton Park. The Havelock was not a successful club. It entered the Scottish Cup every season from 1875–76 to 1879–80 and only won one tie. It was unlucky in its first entry to draw the 3rd Lanarkshire Rifle Volunteers in the first round, who went on to reach the final, and Havelock only went down 2–0, despite being under near constant pressure, the second goal coming at the end of the match. Havelock did gain an unexpected 1–0 win against the Thirds in a friendly in March 1877, which brought out a large crowd to Kinning Park the following week for a friendly with Rangers F.C.; normal service was resumed as the home side won 8–0, the Havelock being "rather deficient in passing". The club's sole win in the Scottish Cup came a few months later, 6–0 against Craig Park F.C., although the match went unreported, suggesting the club secretary had not sent a report in to the newspapers. In the second round, South Western F.C. beat Havelock 2–0 in a "very fast" replay. Havelock's final entry in 1879–80 saw the club gain a walkover in the first round, as the 4th Renfrewshire Rifle Volunteers F.C. scratched. In the second round, the club was drawn to play at Partick F.C., and turned up to the tie with only ten men; although the eleventh player turned up during the first half, Havelock was 3–1 down at half-time, and there was no further scoring in the match. There is also no further record of the club. Colours. The club's colours were black and white 2-inch "stripes", which in the context of the time referred to hoops. Ground. The club played at West Middleton Park in Glasgow, half-a-mile from to Paisley Road Toll.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73176508

Ella Wilson

Ella Josephine Wilson (born 17 November 2003) is an Australian cricketer who currently plays for South Australia in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL) and Adelaide Strikers in the Women's Big Bash League (WBBL). She plays as a right-arm medium bowler and right-handed batter. Domestic career. Wilson plays grade cricket for Glenelg Cricket Club. In May 2022, Wilson received her first contract, signing with South Australia for the upcoming WNCL season. In September 2022, she was signed by Adelaide Strikers for the 2022–23 Women's Big Bash League, although she did not play a match for the side that season. In February 2023, Wilson made her debut for South Australia, against Queensland in the WNCL, taking 1/27 from her four overs. She went on to play three matches overall for South Australia that season, taking three wickets. International career. In December 2022, Wilson was named in the Australia Under-19 squad for the 2023 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup. She played five matches in the tournament.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73176511

Sianna Ginger

Sianna Ushandi Ginger (born 26 July 2005) is an Australian cricketer who currently plays for Queensland in the Women's National Cricket League (WNCL). She plays as a right-handed batter and right-arm fast-medium bowler. Domestic career. Ginger plays grade cricket for Valley District Cricket Club. In December 2022, Ginger captained Queensland at the Cricket Australia Under-19 National Female Championships, and was the third-highest run-scorer in the tournament, with 237 runs. Ginger was first named in a senior Queensland squad in February 2023. She made her debut for the side on 17 February 2023, against South Australia in the WNCL, scoring 33 runs. She followed this up two days later by scoring 35 from 30 deliveries against the same opposition. International career. In December 2022, Ginger was named in the Australia Under-19 squad for the 2023 ICC Under-19 Women's T20 World Cup. She played five matches in the tournament, scoring 55 runs and taking seven wickets at an average of 5.57. She took figures of 3/13 against both India and England.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73180443

David Stenshoel

David Rockne Stenshoel (died September 16, 2021, in Minnetonka, Minnesota) was an American musician and visual artist, most well known as a longtime member of Celtic-rock and world-music group Boiled in Lead. Early life. Stenshoel grew up in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and the Minneapolis suburbs. He had two brothers and a sister. His father, Myles Stenshoel, founded the political science department at Augsburg College (now Augsburg University) and taught at many other institutions. Career. Stenshoel began playing the violin at age 10 and became a professional musician in his 20s. In the 1970s, he played with his brother Peter in the Infinity Art Unit, an improvisational free jazz group which incorporated blues and medieval tunes. He and Peter also performed together in the mid-1980s jazz-rock group Intuitive Bikers. He also played on Peter's solo albums "Strangely Colored Maps" (1988) and "Codex From The Trickster" (1993). Stenshoel maintained a lifelong, world-spanning interest in musical traditions and instruments from many cultures. While his main instruments were the violin, tenor saxophone, electric mandolin and gaida (southern European bagpipes), he was also proficient on a number of other ethnic instruments, including the zurna (a Turkish woodwind), kaen (a Thai mouth organ), and saz (a Persian lute also called a bağlama). His broad musical proficiency was matched by speed; the day after he acquired a kaen, he had learned it well enough to perform on stage with it. Near the end of his life, when an operation for oral cancer had prevented him from playing his usual instruments, he taught himself to play the oud. He was critically praised for his virtuosity. Steve Pick of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch wrote that Stenshoel "was adept at many different fiddle styles, capable of playing, with the right feel, melodies from Ireland or Armenia equally well. On mandolin, he was particularly capable of summoning screaming noise and feedback." He was frequently an active member or sideman in seven or more bands at once, in genres including Celtic, Persian, Brazilian, Balkan, Middle Eastern, African, and country-swing. Boiled in Lead. Stenshoel was a longtime member of Boiled in Lead, chiefly playing the fiddle, electric mandolin, and saxophone. Boiled in Lead has been hailed as a pioneering bridge between American rock and international music, and a precursor to Gogol Bordello and other gypsy-punk bands, blending musical influences including Celtic, African and Middle Eastern, folk, bluegrass and punk. Tim Walters of "MusicHound Folk" called the group "the most important folk-rock band to appear since the 1970s." Stenshoel joined Boiled in Lead for its first official performance on St. Patrick's Day in 1983. He performed with the band for more than 30 years (1983-1990 and 1997–2021). He had the second-longest tenure of any member of Boiled in Lead after founding bassist Drew Miller. He appears on almost all of its studio records, including the group's most critically acclaimed albums. Stenshoel took a break from the band for several years after the birth of his son, departing before the band recorded 1990's "Orb", though he is a guest musician on several tracks. He returned to the band in 1997 and played on the 2009 album "Silver" and 2012 EP "The Well Below". Other work. Stenshoel performed with many other groups in and around the Twin Cities, including Voices of Sepharad, Felonious Bosch, Sky King, Jan Reimer Band, You, Me and Betsy, Electric Arab Orchestra, Ethnic Dance Theater, Yiddishe Folksmenschn, the American Swedish Institute Spelmanslag, Automatix, Shalita, Robayat, Honeysuckle Rose, Vernon Dixon, Katy and the T-Bergs, Dusty Drapes and the Dusters, Parisota Hot Club, StellaRoma, Other Country Quartet, Redondo, Crossing Borders, Radio Rangers, and the children's choir Songs of Hope. He also performed with radio comedy programs Another Flask of Weird and Little City in Space. Stenshoel was also a musical archivist; in the early 1980s, with Cliff Sloane, Stenshoel helped to record performances by Cambodian immigrant musicians in Minneapolis and St. Paul. The resulting album, "Cambodian Traditional Music in Minnesota", was named to the Library of Congress' list of notable American Folk Music and Folklore Recordings for 1984. Stenshoel also performed music for plays and films, including Peter Glazer's 1992 biographical play "Woody Guthrie's American Song" at Cricket Theatre in Minneapolis and, in 1994, a live soundtrack to Paul Leni's 1929 horror film "The Last Warning". Awards and honors. He was nominated frequently for the Minnesota Music Awards in the 1980s and 1990s; he won in 1988 as a solo performer for Best Acoustic/Ethnic Instrumentalist, and at least nine times as a member of Boiled in Lead. Boiled in Lead has been honored with a star on the outside mural of the Minneapolis nightclub First Avenue, recognizing performers that have played sold-out shows or have otherwise demonstrated a major contribution to the culture at the iconic venue. Receiving a star "might be the most prestigious public honor an artist can receive in Minneapolis," according to journalist Steve Marsh. Personal life. Stenshoel was married and had a son. Death. Stenshoel died on September 16, 2021, in Minnetonka, Minnesota from squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva. He was 71.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73184487

Sindh Premier League

Sindh Premier League (; Urdu: سندھ پریمیئر لیگ; abbreviated as ) is a professional Twenty20 league contested by six teams representing six cities of Sindh province. It was launched in 2023. History. Establishment. In June 2022, Syed Nasir Hussain Shah, the provincial minister of local government in an effort to promote and develop cricket sport in Sindh, announced that there would be a domestic cricket team for Sindh soon inspired by the Kashmiri counterpart. and soon in March of the next year, a launching ceremony was held in auditorium of Sindh Assembly and the guests included Shahid Afridi and Abdul Razzaq. The first season of the league will be played in Karachi. In the same month of march the league was officially launched and finalized, The launch ceremony was inaugurated by the Chief Minister of Sindh in Karachi and attended by dignitaries from professions, including the provincial ministers Sharjeel Inam Memon and Saeed Ghani, Advisor Law Barrister Murtaza Wahab, and former captain of Pakistan cricket team Sarfraz Ahmed and various others. Former Pakistani cricketer Shahid Afridi announced to be its first brand ambassador. The league is said to commence from September 19 of 2023. Teams. There are current six teams consisting the league namely: Karachi Ghazis, Hyderabad Bahadurs, Benazirabad Lals, Sukkur Patriots, Mirpurkhas Tigers and Larkana Challengers. Broadcasting. The league is set to be broadcast in 52 countries the least said the president of the league, Arif Malik.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73186557

New Zealand cricket team in the United Arab Emirates in 2023

The New Zealand men's cricket team toured the United Arab Emirates in August 2023 to play three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches. Emirates Cricket Board (ECB) announced the fixtures for the tour in March 2023. The only previous time that New Zealand played against UAE was in a One Day International (ODI) match at the 1996 World Cup. New Zealand won the first T20I by 19 runs, after which United Arab Emirates beat New Zealand in the second T20I. It was United Arab Emirates' first international win over New Zealand and also New Zealand's first defeat against an associate team. New Zealand won the last match of the series to take the series 2–1. Squads. Blair Tickner and Ben Lister were added to New Zealand's squad after the withdrawal of Henry Shipley and Lockie Ferguson due to injury and other commitments, respectively. On 14 August 2023, Blair Tickner opted to skip the series due to family reasons and was replaced by Jacob Duffy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73192933

Iratta

Iratta () is a 2023 Malayalam-language police procedural film written and directed by Rohit M. G. Krishnan featuring Joju George in dual roles, Anjali, Arya Salim and Srikant Murali. The film revolves around the death of a policeman during his duty hours in Vagamon police station and the investigation that follows by his estranged twin brother. Plot. The film begins with the murder of ASI Vinod Kumar, the twin brother of DySP Pramod Kumar. There are three suspects in the murder: ASI John, CPO Bineesh, and SCPO Sandeep. All three police officers worked with Vinod in the Vagamon police station and have animosity towards Vinod, due to different incidents. It is revealed through the incidents, narrated by the trio individually, that Vinod was a drunkard and womaniser. Bineesh narrates his incident where he caught Vinod coming out of a lodge room after raping a 17-year-old girl in an inebriated state. Pramod, is a recovered alcoholic, now sober but long separated from his wife, Sreeja, and daughter. Unable to withstand his drunkard behaviour, Sreeja moved away from him to Mumbai with their newborn daughter. Pramod recalls his and Vinod's childhood. The two brothers grew up in the same household with an abusive and absent father, who also was incidentally a cop. One day, their parents have a violent fight, owing to their father's infidelity. This causes their parents' separation. Pramod stays with their mother, while Vinod is forcibly taken away by their father. This fuels Vinod's resentment towards Pramod and their mother, as he feels betrayed and left alone to face their father's abuse. One day, few people hack their father to death, after he tried to sleep with an underaged girl. Years later, both the twins become policemen, but take different paths. Pramod becomes a respected and honest Deputy Superintendent of Police (DySP), while Vinod becomes a violent and street-smart Assistant Sub-Inspector (ASI). At present, DySP Satheesh, who has close ties with Vinod, leads the investigation. He also doubts Pramod, as he is aware of the duo's past and hatred towards each other. This is further fuelled by the statement of Vinod's lover, Malini, who recently came into his life and changed him for the better. Hence, Pramod is kept away from the investigation initially, but he requests to take over the case. He quickly proceeds with the investigation, and it turns out that all the three suspects have legitimate alibis. He then finds camera footage from a media personnel recording, in which he sees two children playing cricket with their dog in the nearby field. Upon contacting them, it is revealed that Vinod actually committed suicide by shooting 3 times on his chest and one of them witnessed it while picking up their cricket ball. Puzzled and shocked by the new discovery, Pramod starts to look into the motive for Vinod's suicide, especially since it seemed as though he was very happy after Malini had come into his life. At this point, a few constables receive the footage of the music reality show that Vinod was watching just before he committed suicide. Pramod sees Sreeja in the audience and realises that his now grown-up daughter Shwetha is one of the participants. Pramod suspects the worst and confirms the identify of the minor girl in the lodge raped by Vinod with the reality show footage. Pramod infers that Vinod realised that he raped his own niece and, unable to bear the guilt, committed suicide. The film ends with Sreeja trying to reconnect with Pramod, after hearing of Vinod's death. However, he strictly instructs her not to tell Shwetha about him or ever show her his face, as she has unknowingly "seen" her father's face on that unfortunate night at the lodge. Pramod, unknowingly, has to now atone for the mistakes and sins of both Vinod and their father. Release and reception. The film released in theatres in Kerala on 3 February 2023. It had its theatrical release outside Kerala on 17 February 2023, and had its digital premiere on Netflix on 3 March 2023. The film received positive reviews. S. R. Praveen of "The Hindu" opined that "Joju George's double act and a gut-wrenching climax" redeems the otherwise "average police procedural." A reviewer from "Malayala Manorama" noted that the film is an "emotional, suspense-filled thriller," and "yet another excellent cinema in Malayalam." Rating the film 4/5, a reviewer from "The Times of India" wrote, ""Iratta" is a movie that draws you in, steals your breath and leaves you with pain." "Telangana Today" praised Joju George's ability to bring out the different exposure and exhibition of the two characters. Saketh Reddy Eleti of ABP Desam rates this Movie 3.5 out of 5 stars and wrote, "Iratta is an Excellent thriller with a Disturbing Twist." And Praised Joju Georges performance as Pramod and Vinod.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73197018

Asaba 2022 Sports Festival

Asaba 2022 Sports Festival also known as the National Sports Festival of Nigeria is a biennial multi-sport event organized by the Federal Government of Nigeria through the National Sports Commission for athletes from the 36 States and the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria. History. The National Sport Festival can be traced back to its debut in 1973 in Lagos State. The major aim of the festival is fooster unity and ensure talent development in sports in the country. The festival is also known to be called Nigerias version of Olympics games. The festival for 2022 was the 21st edition of the competition and it was hosted at the Stephen Keshi Stadium in Asaba, the capital of Delta state. Festival activities. The National Sport Festival tagged Asaba 2022 was scheduled to hold from November 8, 2022, to December 10, 2022. The flag off of the Torch of Unity for the festival was done by President Muhammadu Buhari at the Presidential villa in Abuja. The Governor of Delta State, Dr. Ifeanyi Okowa received the torch of Unity from the Minister of Youth and Sports Development, Sunday Dare after the troch of Unity had toured the entire 36 states of the federation including the Federal Capital Territory. Some of the activities in the festival includes running, scrabble games, basketball, handball, volleyball, swimming, cycling, wrestling, judo, Karate, kickboxing, cricket and many other sports included in the olympics games. It was reported that over 15,00 athletics participated in the festival in Asaba. Host selection. Delta state won the bid to host this years version of the festival at the end of the last edition which was held in Benin city, Edo State. Tournament medal table. At the end of the 21st edition, team Delta topped the medal table winning 320 gold medal, 200 silver medals and 128 bronze medals. Team Bayelsa came second in the medal table followed by Team Edo which came third in the medal table.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73200891

Walter Bayly

Walter Bayly (18 November 1869 – 20 August 1950) was a New Zealand rugby union player. Bayly was educated at New Plymouth Boys' High School. He played at Wing forward and represented the Taranaki Rugby Union at provincial level from 1889 to 1894 and the North Island in 1894.: He played club rugby for Clifton and from 1894 for Stratford. At the age of 24, Walter played one match for New Zealand, against New South Wales at Lancaster Park in Christchurch on 15 September 1894. New South Wales had lost seven out of its eight games prior to this match including 6–21 against Taranaki, in which Walter and his older brother Alfred Bayly both played. However, New Zealand lost the game by 6 points to 8. Alfred Bayly who was the captain in this match, scored a try before leaving the field injured with concussion which seriously affected the home side. Walter was one of six brothers who represented the Taranaki cricket team and/or the Taranaki Rugby Football Union, including

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73211700

Pratis GC

Pratish Gharti Chhetri (born 22 May 2004) is a Nepalese cricketer. He bowls left-arm medium and bats Right-handed. He has represented Bagmati Province and Tribhuvan Army Club in the domestic matches. He has represented Nepal in Under-16 format as well. In August 2022, he was named as one of the reserves in Nepal's bilateral T20I series in Kenya. He represented Pokhara Avengers in the inaugural Nepal T20 League. In February 2023, Pratis was selected for a tri-series in UAE, which was a part of 2019–2023 ICC Cricket World Cup League 2. In the same series, he made his One Day International (ODI) debut for Nepal against the Papua New Guinea on 27 February 2023.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73212761

Akshat Raghuwanshi

Akshat Raghuwanshi (born 15 September 2003) is an Indian cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Madhya Pradesh in the 2021–22 Ranji Trophy on 24 February 2022. He made his Twenty20 debut for Madhya Pradesh in the 2022–23 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy on 11 October 2022. He made his List A debut for Madhya Pradesh in the 2022–23 Vijay Hazare Trophy on 12 November 2022.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73219515

2023 Indian Premier League final

The 2023 Indian Premier League final was played on 29 May 2023 at the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad. It was a Day/Night T20 match that would decide the winner of the 2023 season of the Indian Premier League (IPL), an annual Twenty20 tournament in India. The match was originally scheduled to be played on 28 May, but was postponed to 29 May due to rain—marking the first time the IPL final had been postponed due to weather. After winning the toss, Chennai Super Kings elected to field, with Gujarat Titans scoring 214 runs for 4 wickets, setting the record for the highest team total in an IPL final. Due to inclement weather, the Super Kings' innings was delayed by over an hour, and the target was adjusted by the Duckworth–Lewis–Stern (DLS) method to 171 runs in 15 overs; the team would ultimately win by five wickets, securing their fifth IPL title. CSK player Devon Conway was named player of the match. The broadcasts of the match on JioCinema peaked at over 32 million concurrent viewers, overtaking the 2019 Cricket World Cup semi-final between India and New Zealand on Hotstar as India's most-watched livestreaming broadcast of all-time. Background. On 17 February 2023, the BCCI announced the schedule for the 2023 season of the Indian Premier League. 12 venues were scheduled to host the group stage. The schedule for the playoffs was announced on 21 April. M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai was chosen to host qualifier 1 and the eliminator whereas the Narendra Modi Stadium was chosen to host qualifier 2 and the final. Chennai Super Kings and Gujarat Titans played the final on 29 May 2023. The Super Kings won the match by five wickets (DLS method). Road to the final. Group stage. Gujarat Titans started their season with a 5 wicket win over Chennai Super Kings at the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad. After a victory over Delhi Capitals they were defeated by Kolkata Knight Riders. Then Titans defeated the Punjab Kings before they were defeated by the Rajasthan Royals. They went on a three match winning streak after that loss but lost three of their last five matches. They ended the group stage with 10 wins and 4 losses, finishing first on the points table for the second consecutive season. Chennai Super Kings started their season with a loss of 5 wickets against Gujarat Titans at the Narendra Modi Stadium in Ahmedabad. After a winning streak of 2 matches they were defeated by Rajasthan Royals in their fourth fixture. Then after a three match winning streak they were again defeated by Rajasthan Royals. They won three of their last five matches. They ended the group stage with 8 wins and 5 losses excluding a washed out match against the Lucknow Super Giants thus, securing second position on the points table. League stage matches between finalists. Gujarat won the only fixture between the two teams by 5 wickets on 31 March in Ahmedabad. Rashid Khan took 2 wickets for 26 runs and was the player of the match. Playoffs. The playoff stage of IPL was played according to the Page playoff system and provided Gujarat and Chennai, being the top and second-ranked teams, with two chances for qualifying for the Final. These teams first faced each other in Qualifier 1, with Chennai, as the winners, qualifying directly for the final; Gujarat, as the loser of Qualifier 1, played against the winner of the Eliminator in Qualifier 2, with the winner of that match qualifying for the final. In Qualifier 1, Gujarat won the toss and chose to field. Chennai Super Kings scored 172/7 in their 20 overs with Ruturaj Gaikwad top scored for Chennai with 60 runs in 44 balls. Mohammed Shami was Gujarat's best bowler and took 2 wickets for 28 runs. In reply, Gujarat was only able to score 157 in 19.5 overs and was all out. Shubman Gill scored 42 runs in 38 balls while Ravindra Jadeja, Deepak Chahar, Maheesh Theekshana and Matheesha Pathirana took 2 wickets each for Chennai. As a result, Chennai qualified for the 10th time in the IPL Final. Mumbai Indians won against Lucknow Super Giants in the Eliminator to set up a match against Gujarat to decide the second finalist. In Qualifier 2, Mumbai won the toss and chose to field. Gujarat scored a record 233/3 runs in their 20 overs. Shubman Gill scored 129 runs in 60 balls. Though expensive, Piyush Chawla was best bowler for Mumbai as he took 1 wicket for 45 runs in 3 overs. In response, Mumbai was only able to score 171 runs in 18.2 overs and got all out. Suryakumar Yadav scored 61 runs from 38 balls while Mohit Sharma took 5 wickets for just 10 runs in 2.2 overs. Thus, Gujarat qualified for their second IPL final. Match. Summary. In a rain delayed match, Chennai Super Kings won the toss and elected to field. The game was rained out on day 1 and moved over to the reserve day. Batting first, Gujarat Titans scored 214 runs for the loss of 4 wickets in their 20 overs. Left-handed batsman Sai Sudharsan top scored with 96 runs while Indian wicketkeeper Wriddhiman Saha scored 54 runs. Sri Lankan fast bowler Matheesha Pathirana took 2 wickets while conceding 44 runs for the Super Kings. In response, Chennai Super Kings chased the revised target of 171 runs from 15 overs. Devon Conway scored 47 runs from 25 balls while Mohit Sharma took 3 wickets from 36 runs in 3 overs. Thus, Super Kings won their 5th title and Conway was named as the player of the match Gujarat Titans innings. Having been asked to bat, the Titans got off to a healthy start with openers Wriddhiman Saha and Shubman Gill helping the team get to 50 runs in 5.2 overs and went on to score 62 runs for the loss of no wickets at the end of the first power play at 6 overs. Gill was the first to fall, dismissed off a stumping by MS Dhoni off the bowling of Ravindra Jadeja. He scored 39 runs off 20 balls. Indian batsman Sai Sudharsan joined Saha, and the duo put on 64 runs before Saha was out caught by Dhoni off the bowling of Deepak Chahar. The score was 131 runs for the loss of 2 wickets at the end of 14 overs. Sudharsan was joined by captain Hardik Pandya, and the duo put on a quickfire 81 runs off 5 overs before Sudharsan was out leg before wicket off the bowling of Pathirana for 96 runs, his highest score, in the twentieth over. The Titans wrapped their innings scoring 214 runs having lost 4 wickets in their 20 overs. Sri Lankan fast bowler Matheesha Pathirana took 2 wickets while conceding 11 runs for the Super Kings. Chennai Super Kings innings. The Super Kings innings was delayed by rain with the game being reduced to 15 overs and a revised target of 171 runs to win the finals and the championship. Indian batter Ruturaj Gaikwad and New Zealand batter Devon Conway opened the innings for Super Kings and got the team to a healthy start scoring 52 runs off 4 overs from the first power play. Gaikwad was the first to be dismissed when he was out for 26 runs caught at backward point by Afghan allrounder Rashid Khan off the bowling of fellow Afghan spinner Noor Ahmad. Conway was out the very same over dismissed caught by Mohit Sharma off Ahmad. Impact substitute Shivam Dube was joined by Indian batter Ajinkya Rahane and the duo took the score to 117 runs off 10.5 overs before Rahane was out caught by Vijay Shankar off the bowling of Sharma. Captain MS Dhoni came-in to bat when the team was down four wickets with Ambati Rayudu dismissed caught and bowled off Sharma. Dhoni was out for a duck the very first ball caught by David Miller at extra cover off the bowling of Sharma. The game came down to the last two deliveries with the Super Kings needing 10 runs to win. Indian batter Ravindra Jadeja was on strike facing Mohit Sharma. Jadeja hoisted the penultimate delivery for a six over long off before finishing the innings by scoring a boundary behind the leg stump. The Super Kings won the game and the championship off the last ball of the rain reduced innings of 15 overs. This was the Super Kings' fifth IPL title. <section begin="match74" /> Scorecard. Fall of wickets: 67/1 (S. Gill, 6.6 ov), 131/2 (W. Saha, 13.6 ov), 212/3 (S. Sudharsan, 19.3 ov), 214/4 (R. Khan, 19.6 ov) Fall of wickets: 74/1 (R. Gaikwad, 6.3 ov), 78/2 (D. Conway, 6.6 ov), 117/3 (A. Rahane, 10.5 ov), 149/4 (A. Rayudu, 12.4 ov), 149/5 (M. Dhoni, 12.5 ov)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73226518

Joan Williamson-Orr

Joan Eileen Williamson-Orr (née Russell; 17 October 1930 – 2 March 2023), also known as Joan Williamson, was the mayor of Taupō, New Zealand, from 1986 to 2001. Her career saw her elected as the last mayor of the Taupō Borough Council, and then the first mayor of Taupō District from 1988. Political career. Williamson-Orr, campaigning as Joan Williamson, was first elected to the Taupō Borough Council in 1977. From 1983 to 1986, she was deputy mayor. In 1986, Clem Currie retired and Williamson was elected mayor. In 1988, the new Taupō District held its first elections, returning Williamson as mayor. She held that position until retiring in 2001. Honours and awards. In 1990, Williamson received the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. She was awarded the New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal in 1993. In the 1993 New Year Honours, she was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services. Taupō's Joan Williamson Rose Garden was named for her in 2007. Family. Williamson was twice married, firstly to Stuart Williamson and later to Tom Orr, and had six children. , her son, John Williamson, is a Taupō district councillor. Two grandsons, Kane Williamson and Dane Cleaver, have played cricket for New Zealand. A granddaughter, Louisa Williamson, is known as a saxophonist and composer. Death. Williamson died on 2 March 2023, aged 92.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73238468

Pakistani cricket team against Afghanistan in the UAE in 2022–23

The Pakistan cricket team toured the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in March 2023 to play three Twenty20 International (T20I) matches against the Afghanistan cricket team. This was the first bilateral series in any format of international cricket between the two teams. In November 2022, the Afghanistan Cricket Board (ACB) signed a five-year agreement with the Emirates Cricket Board (ECB) to play their home matches in the UAE. On 7 March 2023, ACB confirmed the dates for the tour, with the matches scheduled to be played on 25, 27 and 29 March 2023. However, two days later, changes were made to the schedule due to the availability of the Hawk-Eye technology. Afghanistan won the first T20I by 6 wickets. It was Afghanistan's first win in international cricket against Pakistan. They also went on to win the second T20I by 7 wickets and took an unassailable lead in the series. It was Afghanistan's first bilateral series win over Pakistan, and their first bilateral T20I series victory against any of the top six teams. Pakistan won the third T20I by 66 runs, with Afghanistan winning the series 2–1. Background. Originally, Afghanistan were scheduled to play three ODI matches each against Australia and Pakistan with the series being part of 2020–2023 ICC Cricket World Cup Super League. On 12 January 2023, Cricket Australia (CA) withdrew from ODI series against Afghanistan on the grounds of restrictions on women and girls' education and employment in Afghanistan. Australia forfeited the series and the 30 competition points were awarded to Afghanistan. This series was originally scheduled to take place in 2021 but was postponed following the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. On 23 January 2023, Both ACB and Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) agreed to play three T20Is instead of ODIs as both were already qualified for the 2023 Cricket World Cup. Squads. For the series, Pakistan decided to rest their regular captain Babar Azam, Shaheen Afridi, Haris Rauf, Mohammad Rizwan, and Fakhar Zaman, with Shadab Khan being named as captain. Following an erroneous announcement appointing Pakistan's batting coach Mohammad Yousuf as their new interim head coach, Yousuf opted out of the tour citing personal reasons.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73240406

Valeriy Gridnev

Valeriy Borissovich Gridnev (; born 1956) is a Russian painter based in Saint Petersburg and London, known for portraits of aristocracy. Biography. Gridnev was born in 1956 in the Urals, Soviet Union, the son of Boris Gridnev. He was educated at Sverdlovsk and St Petersburg Academy of Arts. Gridnev worked from 1990 until 1994 at St. Petersburg Academy of Art's postgraduate studio. Gridnev became noted after his oil painting "The Early Years" won the Gold Medal of the USSR Academy of Art. He was elected a member of the Russian Artist's Federation, 1991. In 1999, Gridnev and his family moved to Hampshire, England where he began working as a portrait artist at Highclere Castle. He was hosted and commissioned by Henry Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon, along with his son Lord Porchester at Highclere. His painting of a scene at Del Mar Thoroughbred Club was used as cover artwork for the 2021 Breeders Cup official program. He was initially based in and had showings in Russia, at Saint Petersburg and Moscow most notably, but Gridnev also began exhibiting abroad in America, Germany and Spain. His showings in Britain included Alberti Gallery, Mall Galleries, Cricket Fine Art, Arndean Gallery and Drake Gallery. In 2003, Gridnev became a member of the Pastel society, and in 2006, a member of the Royal Institute of Oil Painters, and finally in 2011, he became a member of Royal Society of Portrait Painters. He is married to Katya Gridneva, also an artist.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73246396

1983 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia

The 1983 New Zealand rugby union tour of Australia was the All Blacks' seventeenth tour of Australia and their first one-off test tour since 1979 (). The tour was a one-off match between Australia and New Zealand at the Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney. Considered the better side, and with the odds in their favour (6–4), New Zealand had only won five of their last ten fixtures against the Wallabies (50%). Australia were 9–10 outsiders, however, Wallabies coach Bob Dwyer commented: “The All Black aura of domination of five or six years ago is over... They were once supermen who couldn't be beaten but that All Black bogey doesn't exist any more.” New Zealand won the test 8–18. New Zealand coach Bryce Rope said that Australia and New Zealand were the two best rugby union teams in the world before the match. Wallaby coach, Bob Dwyer, insisted that Australia was the only team in the world (at the time) that could beat New Zealand, saying several days before the match, "I honestly reckon we're about the only side in the world who can beat them." The match was also David Campese's fourth match against the All Blacks.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73246614

Lenzie F.C.

Lenzie Football Club was an association football club based in the town of Lenzie, in Dunbartonshire. History. The club was founded in 1874. Its earliest reported match was from the 1875–76 season; a 4–0 win over the "Alert" club (possibly a misprint for Albert) in January, with a hat-trick for Kirkland. Lenzie entered the Scottish Cup every season from 1876–77 until 1883–84, but with a pronounced lack of success. The club only ever won two Cup ties; the first against Ailsa in 1877–78, and the second by 3–0 at home to Thistle Athletic of Milngavie in 1878–79, with the visitors disputing one of the goals. Nevertheless, in 1879, the club took part in a demonstration game at the Ulster Cricket Ground against a scratch team of local players in one of the earliest competitive football matches held in Northern Ireland. The club also played a friendly against Cliftonville the same year, and returned to play the same team in 1881. In 1880–81, the club reached the third round, thanks to the luck of the draw; twice the club was awarded byes. In the third round, Central beat the club 6–1. The club existed "in name only" from 1883 to 1885, albeit retaining membership of the Scottish Football Association, and there still being "some funds to the credit of the club", which sparked an attempt was made to revive the side in 1885. The revived club entered the 1885–86 Scottish Cup, drawing 1–1 with Bonhill in the first round, but losing 6–0 in the replay. The club also entered the Dumbartonshire Cup for the only time but withdrew when drawn to face Dumbarton Athletic. In the 1886–87 Scottish Cup, the withdrawal of first round opponents Dunbritton put the club into the second round, but a 13–0 defeat at home to Vale of Leven persuaded the club to step back from front-level football, and it closed out its career with a match against Chryston Athletic in the 1889–90 season. The name was later taken up by Lenzie Juniors, a Junior side which took the simpler name in 1890. Colours. The club's colours were white jerseys (with a badge added in 1880) and knickerbockers, and navy blue hose. Ground. The club originally played at a ground at Muntin Park, simply known as the Lenzie Football Field, a five-minute walk south from the station, opposite the Convalescent Home, and later part of a golf course. After protesting a defeat by Milton of Campsie in the second round of the 1881–82 Scottish Cup, the club had the right to host a re-play, but was unable to use its home ground, so got permission from Thomas Allan, owner of Kincaid House in Milton of Campsie, to host the match on a field near the house, which had formerly been a bowling green.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=73247636

Masonic Boys School, Dublin

The Masonic Boys School (sometimes Masonic Orphan Boys School) was a school in Dublin, Ireland which was originally established for the sons of deceased, or financially distressed, freemasons. It was directly supported by the Brethren of the Masonic Order and was in existence from 1867 until 1981. The school was located at Richview in Clonskeagh for most of its existence from 1885 to 1980 in what is as of 2023 the University College Dublin's School of Architecture. History. Following the earlier establishment of the Masonic Female Orphan School of Ireland, the establishment of a boys school was decided upon at a meeting in Freemason's Hall on Molesworth Street on the 16th of April 1867. Sport at the school. The school won the Leinster Cricket Union Senior schools cup on a number of occasions in its history. The school were runners-up in the Leinster Schools Junior Cup in Rugby on one occasion in 1927. School campus. Adelaide Hall, Sandymount. The school was established in 1867 and originally operated from Adelaide Hall in Sandymount which it leased from 1873 but moved because of overcrowding to a new site at Richview Lodge in Clonskeagh in 1885. Richview, Clonskeagh. After some alterations and extensions of Richview Lodge in the 1880s by the architect Sir Thomas Drew, the school finally commenced for the first time from the new campus at Richview, Clonskeagh on the 16th of January 1888. In 1980, UCD bought Richview Lodge and its estate of 17.4 acres for £2.1million and the school closed soon after.