Search is not available for this dataset
tgt
string | preds_greedy
string | preds_beam10
string | preds_topk20
string | edit_dist_greedy
int64 | edit_dist_beam10
int64 | edit_dist_topk20
int64 |
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For example, countries with a lot of deserts can transform their desert to increase their habitable land and use irrigation to provide clean water to the desert. | # For example, countries with a lot of deserts can terraform their desert to increase their habitable land and using irrigation to provide clean water to the desert. | # For example, countries with a lot of deserts can terraform their desert to increase their habitable land and using irrigation to provide clean water to the desert. | # For example, countries with a lot of deserts can terraform their desert to increase their habitable land and use irrigation to provide clean water to the desert. | 9 | 9 | 6 |
As the number of people grows, the need for a habitable environment is unquestionably increasing. | #As the number of people grows, the need for habitable environments is unquestionably essential. | #As the number of people grows, the need for a habitable environment is unquestionably essential. | #As the number of people grows, the need for a habitable environment is unquestionably essential. | 12 | 9 | 9 |
Besides some technological determinists that allow the development of biometric identification, this technology is also shaped by three social factors, namely, the desire of society for safety, convenience, and economy. | #Besides some technologically determinists that allow the development of biometric identification, this technology is also shaped by three social factors, namely, the desire of society for safety, convenience, and economy. | #Besides some technologically determinists that allow the development of biometric identification, this technology is also shaped by three social factors, namely, the desire of society for safety, convenience, and economy. | The technologically determinists that allow the development of biometric identification, this technology is also shaped by three social factors, namely, the desire of society for safety, convenience, and economic. | 3 | 3 | 15 |
Safety is one of the crucial problems that many countries and companies are concerned about. | # Safety is one of the crucial problems that many countries and companies are concerned about. | # Safety is one of the crucial problems that many countries and companies are concerned about. | The safety is one of the crucial problems that many countries and companies are concerned about. | 2 | 2 | 5 |
On the one hand, more and more viruses and hackers can access personal computers, so secret data and documents may be stolen. | # On the one hand, more and more viruses and hackers can access personal computers, so the secret data and documents may be stolen. | # On the one hand, more and more viruses and hackers can access personal computers, so the secret data and documents may be stolen. | # On the one hand, more and more viruses and hackers can access personal computers, so the secret data and documents may be stolen. | 6 | 6 | 6 |
We can have a fingerprint verification reader combined with a built-in smart card reader, and it only takes seconds to verify one's identification. | # We can have fingerprint verification reader combined with a built-in smartcard reader, and it only takes seconds to verify one's identification. | # We can have a fingerprint verification reader combined with a built-in smartcard reader, and it only takes seconds to verify one's identification. | #We can have fingerprint verification reader combined with a built-in smartcard reader, and it only takes seconds to verify one's identification. | 5 | 3 | 4 |
Nuclear technology has come a long way since Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917. | #Nuclear technology had come a long way since Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917. | #Nuclear technology has come a long way since Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917. | The nuclear technology had come a long way since Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917. | 2 | 1 | 6 |
The subsequent realization that the additional neutrons produced from a fission reaction could induce a nuclear chain reaction has sparked a widespread interest in nuclear technology. | #The subsequent realization that the additional neutrons produced from the fission reaction can induce a nuclear chain reaction sparked off widespread interest in nuclear technology. | The subsequent realization that the additional neutrons produced from the fission reaction can induce a nuclear chain reaction sparked off widespread interest in nuclear technology. | #The subsequent realization that the additional neutrons produced from the fission reaction can induce a nuclear chain reaction sparked off a widespread interest in nuclear technology. | 15 | 14 | 16 |
The leakage of radioactive gas into the atmosphere prompted the many anti-nuclear demonstrations that sprang up across America in the following months. | # leakage of radioactive gas into the atmosphere prompted many anti-nuclear demonstrations that sprung up across America in the following months. | The leakage of radioactive gas into the atmosphere prompted many anti-nuclear demonstrations that sprung up across America in the following months. | # leakage of radioactive gas into the atmosphere prompted many anti-nuclear demonstrations that sprung up across America in the following months. | 8 | 5 | 8 |
Although the reactor was eventually cleaned up and decontaminated, the damage dealt to nuclear power was irreversible and caused its subsequent decline. | #Although the reactor was eventually cleaned up and decontaminated, the damage dealt to nuclear power was irreversible, and it caused its subsequent decline. | The reactor was eventually cleaned up and decontaminated, and the damage dealt to nuclear power was irreversible and caused its subsequent decline. | #Although the reactor was eventually cleaned up and decontaminated, the damage dealt to nuclear power was irreversible and caused its subsequent decline. | 5 | 14 | 1 |
To partly offset this gigantic demand for energy, China has launched an ambitious program to produce 16% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030. | # partly offset this gigantic demand for energy, China had launched an ambitious program to produce 16% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030. | # partly offset this gigantic demand for energy, China had launched an ambitious program to produce 16% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030. | # partly offset this gigantic demand for energy, China had launched an ambitious program to produce 16% of its electricity from nuclear power by 2030. | 3 | 3 | 3 |
This endeavor to produce more nuclear power has stimulated the development of safer designs for nuclear reactors. | # This endeavor to produce more nuclear power has stimulated the development of safer designs of nuclear reactors. | The endeavor to produce more nuclear power has stimulated the development of safer designs of nuclear reactors. | #This endeavor to produce more nuclear power has stimulated the development of safer designs of nuclear reactors. | 4 | 4 | 3 |
In conclusion, nuclear technology development has always been driven by social factors. | # In conclusion, nuclear technology development has always been driven by social factors. | # In conclusion, nuclear technology development has always been driven by social factors. | # In conclusion, nuclear technology development has always been driven by social factors. | 2 | 2 | 2 |
World War 2 has given it momentum in its initial research, but it will be mankind's need for a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that will drive nuclear technology's future developments. | # World War 2 had given it momentum in its initial research, but it will be mankind's need for a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that will drive nuclear technology's future developments. | # World War 2 had given it momentum in its initial research, but it will be mankind's need for a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that will drive nuclear technology's future developments. | #World War 2 had given it momentum in its initial research, but it will be mankind's need for a renewable and environmentally friendly energy source that will drive nuclear technology's future developments. | 3 | 3 | 2 |
These solutions may be generated by analyzing existing products to find out how the weaknesses can be overcome while retaining the strengths. | #These solutions may be generated by analyzing existing products to find out how the weaknesses can be improved while retaining the strength. | #These solutions may be generated by analyzing existing products to find out how the weaknesses can be improved while retaining the strength. | #These solutions may be generated by analyzing existing products to find out how the weaknesses can be improved while retaining the strength. | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Therefore careful analysis of a product has to be made before selecting a solution for testing and implementation. | #Therefore careful analysis of the product has to be made before selecting a solution for testing and implementation. | The careful analysis of the product has to be made before selecting a solution for testing and implementation. | #Therefore careful analysis of the product has to be made before selecting a solution for testing and implementation. | 4 | 9 | 4 |
An example is water, which is a good renewable resource and is plentiful. | # An example is water, which is a good renewable resource and is plentiful. | The example is water, which is a good renewable resource and is plentiful. | #An example is water, which is a good renewable resource and is plentiful. | 2 | 3 | 1 |
This is because a large body of water is needed to harness the same amount of energy produced by a small amount of fuel. | # This is because a large body of water is needed to harness the same energy produced by a small amount of fuel. | # This is because a large body of water is needed to harness the same energy produced by a small amount of fuel. | # This is because a large body of water is needed to harness the same energy produced by a small amount of fuel. | 12 | 12 | 12 |
All the solutions will be thoroughly analyzed by engineers before coming to a conclusion. | #All the solutions will be thoroughly analyzed by the engineers before coming to a conclusion. | #All the solutions will be thoroughly analyzed by the engineers before coming to a conclusion. | #All the solutions will be thoroughly analyzed by the engineers before coming to a conclusion. | 5 | 5 | 5 |
As a result, students have no chance to develop their creative thinking abilities and gradually become. | #As a result, students have no chance to develop their creative thinking and gradually become stereotype. | The result is that students have no chance to develop their creative thinking and gradually become stereotype. | #As a result, students have no chance to develop their creative thinking and gradually become stereotype. | 22 | 33 | 22 |
However, after one year's study, he found history not suitable for him and became interested in physics, and showed great talent. | #However, after one year of study, he found history not suitable for him, and he became interested in physics and showed great talent. | #However, after one year of study, he found history not suitable for him, and he became interested in physics and showed great talent. | #However, after one year of study, he found history not suitable for him and became interested in physics and showed great talent. | 9 | 9 | 5 |
Whether China can take this chance to catch up with those well-developed countries or even surpass them depends on China's solving the present problems. | #Whether China can take this chance to catch up with those well-developed countries or even surpass them depends on China's trail of solving the present problems. | #Whether China can take this chance to catch up with those well-developed countries or even surpass them depends on China's trail of solving the present problems. | #Whether China can take this chance to catch up with those well-developed countries or even surpass them depends on China's trail of solving the present problems. | 10 | 10 | 10 |
If China can come up with an effective policy to change its education system and stimulate innovation, China's pace to flourish may become even faster. | # If China can come up with effective policies to change its education system and stimulate innovation, China's pace to flourish may become even faster. | # If China can come up with effective policies to change its education system and stimulate innovation, China's pace to flourish may become even faster. | #If China can come up with effective policies to change its education system and stimulate innovation, China's pace to flourish may become even faster. | 8 | 8 | 7 |
The process of developing a new product based on innovation is not an easy task for innovators. | #The process of developing a new product based on innovation is not an easy task for innovators. | The process of developing a new product based on innovation is not an easy task for innovators. | # The process of developing a new product based on innovation is not an easy task for innovators. | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Through the distribution and adoption of innovative products by the public or specific users, innovators have to face the consequences. | # By diffusion and adoption of the innovation products by the public or specific users, the innovators have to face the consequences. | # By diffusion and adoption of the innovation products by the public or specific users, the innovators have to face the consequences. | # By diffusion and adoption of the innovation products by the public or specific users, the innovators have to face the consequences. | 26 | 26 | 26 |
These are not the only challenges that innovators are going to deal with. | #These are not the only challenges that innovators are going to deal with. | #These are not the only challenges that innovators are going to deal with. | The challenges that innovators are going to deal with are not the only ones that the innovators are going to deal with. | 1 | 1 | 58 |
In order to proceed from the initial stage of innovation development to the final stage, the most important issue is to have a huge sum of funds for development and commercial purposes. | # In order to process from the initial stage of innovation development to the final stage, the most important issue is to have a huge sum of funds for development and commercial purposes. | # In order to process from the initial stage of innovation development to the final stage, the most important issue is to have a huge sum of funds for development and commercial purposes. | #In order to process from the initial stage of innovation development to the final stage, the most important issue is to have a huge sum of funds for development and commercial purposes. | 4 | 4 | 3 |
So, the manufacturing company, for example, the company that innovators are working for, is one of the major investors that is providing the fund. | #So, the manufacture company, for example, the company that innovators are working for, is one of the major investors that is providing the fund. | #So, the manufacture company, for example, the company that the innovators are working for, is one of the major investors that is providing the fund. | #So, the manufacture company, for example, the company that innovators are working for, is one of the major investors that is providing the fund. | 4 | 8 | 4 |
For example, if the manufacturing company does not earn profit in the market, then in order to reduce the cost and prevent the loss from getting worse, the manufacturing company has to stop funding the innovators for the development of their prototypes. | For example, if the manufacturing company did not earn profit in the market, then in order to reduce the cost and prevent the loss from getting worse, the manufacturing company has to stop funding the innovators for their prototypes development. | For example, if the manufacturing company did not earn profit in the market, then in order to reduce the cost and prevent the loss from getting worse, the manufacturing company has to stop funding the innovators for their prototypes development. | For example, if the manufacturing company did not earn profit in the market, then in order to reduce the cost and prevent the loss from getting worse, the manufacturing company has to stop funding the innovators for their prototypes development. | 30 | 30 | 30 |
Then the innovators have to stop all work for the development. | #Then the innovators have to stop all works for the development. | The innovators have to stop all works for the development. | #Then the innovators have to stop all works for the development. | 2 | 6 | 2 |
This shows that manufacturing companies are trying to reduce the unnecessary burden to maintain the companies' stand. | # This shows that the manufacturing companies are trying to reduce the unnecessary burden to maintain the companies' stand. | # This shows that the manufacturing companies are trying to reduce the unnecessary burden to maintain the companies' stand. | # This shows that the manufacturing companies are trying to reduce the unnecessary burden to maintain their stand. | 6 | 6 | 16 |
Therefore, this is one of the major factors that will definitely affect innovators from developing innovative products. | #Therefore, this is one of the major factors that will definitely affect the innovators from developing innovative products. | #Therefore, this is one of the major factors that will definitely affect the innovators from developing innovation products. | #Therefore, this is one of the major factors that will definitely affect the innovators from developing innovation products. | 5 | 7 | 7 |
For example, the marketing department thinks that the new products are not relevant to what the company is selling. | # For example, the marketing department thinks that the innovative products are not relevant to what the company is selling. | # For example, the marketing department thinks that the innovative products are not relevant to what the company is selling. | # For example, the marketing department thinks that the innovative products are not relevant to what the company is selling. | 11 | 11 | 11 |
They have to obtain funds from investors in order to develop their innovation prototypes and require help from the marketing department to have their innovative products for sale in the marketplace. | # They have to obtain funding from investors in order to develop their innovation prototypes and require help from the marketing department to have their innovation products for sale in the marketplace. | # They have to obtain funding from investors in order to develop their innovation prototypes and require help from the marketing department to have their innovation products for sale in the marketplace. | # They have to obtain funds from the investors in order to develop their innovation prototypes and require help from the marketing department to have their innovation products for sale in the marketplace. | 7 | 7 | 8 |
Engineering design is defined as a process that brings ideas or theories into physical representations which satisfy human needs. | # Engineering design is defined as a process that brings ideas or theories into physical representations, which satisfy human needs. | The engineering design process is defined as a process that brings ideas or theories into physical representations which satisfy human needs. | #Engineering design is defined as a process that brings ideas or theories into physical representations, which satisfies human needs. | 3 | 13 | 5 |
Because engineering designs are always related to real problems, during the five processes, the obstacles they face are more than theories and calculations on paper. | # Because engineering designs are always related to real problems, during the five processes, the obstacles they face are more than theories and calculations on paper. | # Because engineering designs are always related to real problems, during the five processes, the obstacles they face are more than theories and calculations on paper. | The engineering designs are always related to real problems, during the five processes, the obstacles they face are more than theories and calculations on paper. | 2 | 2 | 6 |
Political issues usually become relevant in the beginning and final steps, especially in the last step. | #Political issues usually become realized in the beginning and final steps, especially in the last step. | The political issues usually become realized in the beginning and final steps, especially in the last step. | #Political issues usually become realized in the beginning and final steps, especially in the last step. | 7 | 11 | 7 |
In the last step of design, political issues can also disrupt the process significantly. | #In the last step of design, political issues also disturb the process significantly. | #In the last step of design, political issues also disturb the process significantly. | #In the last step of design, political issues also disturb the process significantly. | 8 | 8 | 8 |
However, after the design had been carried out for a few weeks, it was stopped. | #However, when the design had been carried out for a few weeks, it was stopped. | #However, when the design had been carried out for a few weeks, it was stopped. | #However, when the design had been carried out for a few weeks, it was stopped. | 5 | 5 | 5 |
In this example, there is nothing wrong with the original design work, but the design still cannot be carried out due to political inconsistency between the city government and higher-level authorities. | # In this example, there is nothing wrong with the original design work, but the design still cannot be carried out due to political inconsistency between the city government and higher-level authorities. | # In this example, there is nothing wrong with the original design work, but the design still cannot be carried out due to political inconsistency between the city government and higher-level authorities. | #In this example, there is nothing wrong with the original design work, but the design still cannot be carried out due to political inconsistency between the city government and higher-level authorities. | 2 | 2 | 1 |
It affects the analyzing and the test step most seriously though it can affect almost every step of design work. | # It affects the analyzing and testing step most seriously though it can affect almost every step of design work. | # It affects the analyzing and testing step most seriously though it can affect almost every step of design work. | # It affects the analyzing and test step most seriously, though it can affect almost every step of design work. | 7 | 7 | 7 |
Besides, the lack of financial support or sudden stop in the financial support may even lead to the incompletion of a project. | #Besides, the lack of financial support or sudden stop in financial support may even lead to the incomplete of a project. | #Besides, the lack of financial support or sudden stop in the financial support may even lead to the incomplete of a project. | #Besides, the lack of financial support or sudden stop in financial support may even lead to the incomplete of a project. | 8 | 4 | 8 |
Humankind always has needs and demands because people want to lead a more comfortable and easier life. | #Humankind always has needs and demands because people want to lead a more comfortable and easier life. | #Humankind always has needs and demands because people want to lead a more comfortable and easier life. | #Humankind always has needs and demands because people want to lead a more comfortable and easier life. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
There are various fields in which engineering plays an important role in our daily lives, such as entertainment, healthcare, transportation, real estate, and so on. | # There are various fields which engineering plays an important role in our daily lives, such as entertainment, healthcare, transportation, real estate, and so on. | # There are various fields which engineering plays an important role in our daily lives, such as entertainment, healthcare, transportation, real estate, and so on. | The various fields which engineering plays an important role in our daily lives, such as entertainment, healthcare, transportation, real estate, and so on. | 5 | 5 | 9 |
The cost of raw materials has risen significantly from the year 2003 to the year 2009, and it has affected the electronics supply chain. | #The cost of raw materials has risen significantly from the year 2003 to the year 2009, and it has affected the electronics supply chain. | The cost of raw materials has risen significantly from the year 2003 to the year 2009, and it has affected the electronics supply chain. | #The cost of raw materials has risen significantly from the year 2003 to the year 2009, and it has affected the electronics supply chain. | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Hence designs that need a large amount of gold may not be feasible. | #Hence designs that need a large amount of gold may not be feasible. | #Hence designs that need a large amount of gold may not be feasible. | #Hence designs that need a large amount of gold may not be feasible. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
However, if the engineers are to stick to their original design, the cost of the end product will be high. | #However, if the engineers were to stick to their original design, the cost of the end product will be high. | #However, if the engineers were to stick to their original design, the cost of the end product will be high. | The engineers would have to stick to their original design, and the cost of the end product will be high. | 3 | 3 | 25 |
Hazardous products can tarnish the reputation of the company and sometimes even result in the loss of innocent lives. | #Hazardous product can tarnish the reputation of the company and sometimes even result in the loss of innocent lives. | The hazardous product can tarnish the reputation of the company and sometimes even result in the loss of innocent lives. | #Hazardous product can tarnish the reputation of the company and sometimes even result in the loss of innocent lives. | 2 | 6 | 2 |
Thus it is very important for engineers to do repeated trial tests of the product to ensure that it is free of faults. | #Thus, it is very important for engineers to do repeated trials of the product to ensure that it is free of faults. | # Thus, it is very important for engineers to do repeated trials of the product to ensure that it is free of faults. | # Thus it is very important for engineers to do repeated trials of the product to ensure that it is free of faults. | 7 | 8 | 7 |
As we understand the relevance and importance of engineering design, we will come to realize that, in reality, there are several factors that prevent the progress of engineering design. | #As we understand the relevance and importance of engineering design, we will come to realize that in reality, there are several factors that prevent the progress of engineering design. | #As we understand the relevance and importance of engineering design, we will come to realize that in reality, there are several factors that prevent the progress of engineering design. | #As we understand the relevance and importance of engineering design, we will come to realize that in reality, there are several factors that prevent the progress of engineering design. | 2 | 2 | 2 |
In Singapore, there is a certain fixed amount in the country's national budget allocated to the research and development sector. | # In Singapore, there is only a certain fixed amount in the country's national budget allocated for the research and development sector. | # In Singapore, there is only a certain fixed amount in the country's national budget allocated to the research and development sector. | # In Singapore, there is only a certain fixed amount in the country's national budget allocated for the research and development sector. | 9 | 7 | 9 |
Some feel that in these tough economic times, it is wiser to spend the money on restructuring the economy or providing more incentives to encourage entrepreneurship rather than investing in research in engineering design. | #Some feel that in these tough economic times, it is wiser to splurge on the money on restructuring the economy or providing more incentives to instill entrepreneurship rather than investing in research in engineering design. | #Some feel that in these tough economic times, it is wiser to splurge the money on restructuring the economy or providing more incentives to instill entrepreneurship rather than investing in research in engineering design. | #Some feel that in these tough economic times, it is wiser to splurge on the money for restructuring the economy or providing more incentives to instill entrepreneurship rather than investing in research in engineering design. | 16 | 14 | 18 |
Secondly, the number of creative people in Singapore is small, which may be a major reason for the hampering of innovative engineering design. | #Secondly, the amount of creative people in Singapore is small, which may be a major reason for the hampering of innovative engineering design. | #Secondly, the amount of creative people in Singapore is small, which may be a major reason for the hampering of innovative engineering design. | The amount of creative people in Singapore is small, which may be a major reason for the hampering of innovative engineering design. | 7 | 7 | 17 |
The population of Singapore is small compared to other countries in the region. | # The population of Singapore is scarce compared to other countries in the region. | The population of Singapore is scarce compared to other countries in the region. | #The population of Singapore is scarce compared to other countries in the region. | 6 | 4 | 5 |
The impact of having a limited number of creative people has resulted in Singapore having to resort to buying foreign-based engineering design equipment from overseas. | #The impact on having a limited number of creative people has resulted in Singapore having to resort to buying foreign-based engineering design equipment from overseas. | The impact on having a limited number of creative people has resulted in Singapore having to resort to buying foreign-based engineering design equipment from overseas. | #The impact on having a limited number of creative people has resulted in Singapore having to resort to buying foreign-based engineering design equipment from overseas. | 2 | 1 | 2 |
However, the 3 M researchers found that this failed bonding agent was suitable for attaching notes which satisfied many people's needs. | #However, the 3 M researchers found out this failed bonding agent was suitable for attaching notes which satisfy many people's needs. | #However, the 3 M researchers found out this failed bonding agent was suitable for attaching notes which satisfy many people's needs. | #However, the 3 M researchers found out this failed bonding agent was suitable for attaching notes which satisfy many people's needs. | 7 | 7 | 7 |
Thus the post-it note was invented from this idea. | #Thus, post-it notes were invented from this idea. | The post-it note was invented from this idea. | #Thus, post-it notes were invented from this idea. | 9 | 5 | 9 |
In this manner, many other serendipitous technologies have been discovered and have solved many problems. | # In this manner, many other serendipitous technologies have been discovered and solved many irrelevant problems. | # In this manner, many other serendipitous technologies have been discovered and solved many irrelevant problems. | # In this manner, many other serendipitous technologies have been discovered and solved many irrelevant problems. | 18 | 18 | 18 |
Thus, it is fair to say that both conventional technology and serendipitous technology are stimulated by the realization of problems and needs. | #Thus, it is fair to say that either conventional technology or serendipitous technology is stimulated by the realization of problems and needs. | #Thus, it is fair to say that either conventional technology or serendipitous technology is stimulated by the realization of problems and needs. | #Thus, it is fair to say that either conventional technology or serendipitous technology is stimulated by the realization of problems and needs. | 11 | 11 | 11 |
If the refrigerator had remained as it was invented in the 1910s and no further development had been made to improve its quality, the refrigerator would just be an unsuccessful invention due to its low efficiency and high cost. | If the refrigerator was remained as it was invented in 1910s and no further development has been made to improve its quality, the refrigerator would just be an unsuccessful invention due to its low efficiency and high cost. | If the refrigerator was remained as it was invented in 1910s and no further development has been made to improve its quality, the refrigerator would just be an unsuccessful invention due to its low efficiency and high cost. | If the refrigerator was remained as it was invented in 1910s and no further development has been made to improve its quality, the refrigerator would just be an unsuccessful invention due to its low efficiency and high cost. | 7 | 7 | 7 |
How other people get to know about your products and are convinced to use them. | #How other people get to know your products and are convinced to use them. | #How other people get to know your products and are convinced to use them. | # How other people get to know your products and are convinced to use them. | 7 | 7 | 8 |
From these two examples, it is clear that another similarity between conventional technology and serendipitous technology is the process of development and commercialization which involve a lot of hard work. | # From these two examples above, it is clear that another similarity between conventional technology and serendipitous technology is the process of development and commercialization, which involves a lot of hard work. | # From these two examples above, it is clear that another similarity between conventional technology and serendipitous technology is the process of development and commercialization, which involves a lot of hard work. | #From these two examples above, it is clear that another similarity between conventional technology and serendipitous technology is the process of development and commercialization which involves a lot of hard work. | 10 | 10 | 8 |
Research is usually based in certain organizations, and it requires some time, funds, and resources before the researchers can finally obtain the expected results. | # Research is usually based on certain organizations and it requires some time, funds, and resources before the researchers can finally obtain the expected results. | The research is usually based on certain organizations and it requires some time, funds, and resources before the researchers can finally obtain the expected results. | # Research is usually based on certain organizations and it requires some time, funds, and resources before the researchers can finally obtain the expected results. | 4 | 7 | 4 |
This is, in fact, not encouraged by the traditional philosophy of Chinese people. | # This is, in fact, not encouraged by the traditional idea of Chinese people. | # This is, in fact, not encouraged by the traditional idea of Chinese people. | # This is, in fact, not encouraged by the traditional Chinese idea of Chinese people. | 11 | 11 | 11 |
Thus, I believe these problems obstructing engineering innovation will be solved in the near future. | #I believe these problems obstructing engineering innovation will be solved in the near future. | #I believe these problems obstructing engineering innovation will be solved in the near future. | #I believe these problems obstructing engineering innovation will be solved in the near future. | 6 | 6 | 6 |
Understanding the differences and similarities between such a path that inventors take and conventionally generated technologies will help us to better appreciate their efforts & the hardships they have to go through in their endeavors. | Understanding the differences and similarities between such a path that inventors take and conventionally generated technologies will help us to better appreciate their efforts & the hardships they had to go through in their endeavours. | Understanding the differences and similarities between such a path that inventors take and conventionally generated technologies will help us to better appreciate their efforts & the hardships they had to go through in their endeavours. | Understanding the differences and similarities between such a path that inventors take and conventionally generated technologies will help us to better appreciate their efforts & the hardships they had to go through in their endeavours. | 3 | 3 | 3 |
These planes are a mark of development not only in speed but also in agility. | #These planes are not only a mark of development in speed but also in agility. | #These planes are not only a mark of development in speed but also in agility. | #These planes are not only a mark of development in speed but also in agility. | 19 | 19 | 19 |
Most importantly, we see that the needs of the military were a driving force behind the development and enhancement of the aircraft. | # Most importantly, we see that these needs of the military were a driving force behind the development and enhancement of the aircraft. | # Most importantly, we see that these needs of the military were a driving force behind the development and enhancement of the aircraft. | # Most importantly, we see that these needs of the military have been a driving force behind the development and enhancement of the aircraft. | 4 | 4 | 11 |
Secondly, social factors have guided the growth of planes. | #Secondly, social factors guided the growth of planes. | The second factor that guided the growth of planes was social factors. | #Secondly, social factors guided the growth of planes. | 6 | 36 | 6 |
It is noticeable that the size of commercial planes has increased over the years in response to the rise in global travelers. | # It is noticeable that the size of commercial planes has increased over the years in response to the rise in global travelers. | # It is noticeable that the size of commercial planes has increased over the years in response to the rise in global travelers. | #It is noticeable that the size of commercial planes has increased over the years in the response to meet the rise in global travelers. | 2 | 2 | 10 |
These modifications would indeed not have been possible if not for the varying social as well as military requirements during different eras. | #These modifications were indeed not possible if not for the varying social and military requirements during different eras. | #These modifications were indeed not possible if not for the varying social as well as military requirements during different eras. | #These modifications were indeed not possible if not for the varying social as well as military requirements during different eras. | 24 | 15 | 15 |
When there is a need for something, technology is created to solve the problem. | #When there is a need for something, technology is created to solve the problem. | # When there is a need for something, a technology is created to solve the problem. | # When there is a need for something, technology is created to solve the problem. | 1 | 4 | 2 |
This implied that automobile companies had to pull in large sums of money for research and development work to create and promote the sales of such cars. | #This implies that automobile companies had to pull in large sums of money for research and development work to create and promote the sales of such cars. | #This implies that automobile companies had to pull in large sums of money for research and development work to create and promote the sales of such cars. | #This implies that automobile companies had to pull in large sums of money for research and development work to create and promote the sales of such cars. | 2 | 2 | 2 |
However, the cost to finance this project will be high as much research and development have to be done. | #However, the cost to finance this project will be high as much research and development have to be done. | #However, the cost to finance this project will be high as much research and development have to be done. | The cost to finance this project will be high as much research and development have to be done. | 1 | 1 | 10 |
As mentioned, the Inconvenient Truth has shown that there is a direct link between carbon emissions and the rising temperatures of the earth. | #As mentioned, the Inconvenient Truth has shown that there is a direct link between carbon emissions and the rising temperatures of the Earth. | The Inconvenient Truth has shown that there is a direct link between carbon emissions and the rising temperatures of the Earth. | #As mentioned, the Inconvenient Truth has shown that there is a direct link between carbon emissions and the rising temperatures of the Earth. | 2 | 16 | 2 |
There are many alternative sources of energy that can be used and applied in our life, such as solar energy, light energy, wind energy, water power, and so on. | The many alternative sources of energy can be used and applied in our lives, such as solar energy, light energy, wind energy, water power, and so on. | The many alternative sources of energy can be used and applied in our lives, such as solar energy, light energy, wind energy, water power, and so on. | #There are many alternative sources of energy that can be used and applied in our lives, such as solar energy, light energy, wind energy, water power, and so on. | 13 | 13 | 3 |
The world in the 21st century is faced with the severe problem of global energy shortage. | #21st century is faced with a severe problem of global energy shortage. | #21st century is faced with a severe problem of global energy shortage. | #21st century is faced with a severe problem of global energy shortage. | 20 | 20 | 20 |
However, the rate of energy consumption by humans is much higher than what nature is able to produce. | # The rate of energy consumption by humans is much higher than what nature can produce. | The rate of energy consumption by humans is much higher than what nature can produce. | #The rate of energy consumption by humans is much higher than what nature can produce. | 18 | 19 | 19 |
Therefore, the last decade has witnessed increasing energy prices due to an insufficient supply of energy. | #Therefore, the last decade has witnessed the increasing energy price due to insufficient supply of energy. | #Therefore, the last decade has witnessed the increasing energy price due to insufficient supply of energy. | #Therefore, the last decade has witnessed the increasing energy price due to insufficient supply of energy. | 9 | 9 | 9 |
In response to energy shortage, engineers are designing more efficient products and systems. | # In response to the energy shortage, engineers design more efficient products and systems. | # In response to the energy shortage, engineers design more efficient products and systems. | The engineers design more efficient products and systems. | 13 | 13 | 36 |
Natural movements such as the tide, the wind, and the waves can all be used for generating power. | # Natural movements such as the tide, wind, and wave can all be used for generating power. | The natural movements such as the tide, wind, and wave can all be used for generating power. | # Natural movements such as the tide, wind, and wave can all be used for generating power. | 11 | 14 | 11 |
This shows that nuclear power may gradually replace traditional oil and petroleum. | # It shows that nuclear power may gradually replace traditional oil and petroleum. | # It shows that nuclear power may gradually replace traditional oil and petroleum. | # It shows that nuclear power may gradually replace traditional oil and petroleum. | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Although it seems very optimistic that many potential alternative energy resources can be found, there are, in fact, other economic and social constraints faced by engineers. | #Although it seems very optimistic that many potential alternative energy resources can be found, there are, in fact, other economic and social constraints faced by engineers. | #Although it seems very optimistic that many potential alternative energy resources can be found, there are, in fact, other economic and social constraints faced by engineers. | #Although it seems very optimistic that many potential alternative energy resources can be found, there are, in fact, other economic and social constraints faced by engineers. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
To conclude, engineering design processes can be applied to help solve the current problem of global energy shortage. | #To conclude, the engineering design process can be applied to help solve the current problem of global energy shortage. | #To conclude, the engineering design process can be applied to help solve the current problem of global energy shortage. | # To conclude, the engineering design process can be applied to help solve the current problem of global energy shortage. | 7 | 7 | 8 |
Technologies are usually developed to cater to certain needs of people, whether to provide better methods of doing things or to develop tools that facilitate working and living. | #Technologies are always developed to cater to certain needs of people, whether to provide better methods of doing things or to develop tools that facilitate working and living. | #Technologies are always developed to cater to certain needs of people, whether to provide better methods of doing things or to develop tools that facilitate working and living. | #Technologies are always developed to cater certain needs of people, whether to provide better methods of doing things or to develop tools that facilitate working and living. | 7 | 7 | 10 |
Virtual technology was designed with a series of unique properties to address the observed social needs by engaging a large user population. | # Virtual technology has been designed with a series of unique properties to address the observed social needs by engaging a large user population. | # Virtual technology has been designed with a series of unique properties to address the observed social needs by engaging a large user population. | #Virtual technology has been designed with a series of unique properties to address the observed social needs by engaging a large user population. | 8 | 8 | 7 |
New technologies have made people realize the underlying economic opportunities beyond geographic barriers and national boundaries. | #New technologies have made people realize the underlying economic opportunities beyond geographic barriers and national boundaries. | The new technologies have made people realize the underlying economic opportunities beyond geographic barriers and national boundaries. | The new technologies have made people realize the underlying economic opportunities beyond geographical barriers and national boundaries. | 1 | 5 | 7 |
Catering to this need, a series of solutions have been developed based on virtual technology. | #Catering to this need, a series of solutions have been developed based on virtual technology. | #Catering to this need, a series of solutions have been developed based on virtual technology. | #Catering to this need, a series of solutions have been developed based on virtual technology. | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Apart from the demands from business and education, other factors have also shaped the development of virtual technology, and solutions have been designed to meet these needs. | #Apart from the demands from business and education, other factors have also shaped the development of virtual technology and solutions have been designed to meet the needs. | #Apart from the demands from business and education, other factors have also shaped the development of virtual technology and solutions have been designed to meet the needs. | #Apart from the demands from business and education, other factors have also shaped the development of virtual technology and solutions have been designed to meet the needs. | 4 | 4 | 4 |
Thus, the development of virtual technology has been shaped by social factors such as the business environment, educational needs, and military demands. | #The development of virtual technology is shaped by social factors such as the business environment, educational needs, and military demands. | The development of virtual technology is shaped by social factors such as the business environment, educational needs, and military demands. | # The development of virtual technology is shaped by social factors such as the business environment, educational needs, and military demands. | 14 | 13 | 13 |
However, problems inevitably arise and affect the process of innovation due to improper strategies or methods. | #However, problems inevitably generate and affect the process of innovation due to improper strategies or methods. | #However, problems inevitably generate and affect the process of innovation due to improper strategies or methods. | The problems inevitably generate and affect the process of innovation due to the improper strategies or methods. | 7 | 7 | 17 |
In other words, these designs are produced without adequate market survey, so they turn out to be unwelcomed by the public. | # In other words, these designs are produced without adequate market surveys, so they turn out to be unwelcomed among the public. | # In other words, these designs are produced without an adequate market survey, so they turn out to be unwelcomed among the public. | # In other words, these designs are produced without adequate market surveys, so they turn out to be unwelcomed among the public. | 8 | 10 | 8 |
Though the designs are products of fantastic conception, they become useless like rubbish once booted out of the market. | #Though the designs are products of fantastic conception, they become useless as rubbish once out of the market. | #Though the designs are products of fantastic conception, they become useless as rubbish once out of the market. | #Though the designs are products of fantastic conception, they become useless as rubbish once out of the market. | 12 | 12 | 12 |
After China adopted the policy of reform and opening up, the Chinese government has long been encouraging people to make varieties of innovations. | # After the policy of reform and opening-up, the Chinese government has long been encouraging people to make varieties of innovations. | # After the policy of reform and opening-up, the Chinese government has long been encouraging people to make varieties of innovations. | # After the policy of reform and opening-up, the Chinese government has long been encouraging people to make varieties of innovations. | 17 | 17 | 17 |
As long as the application documents meet the required format, the patent will be approved. | # As long as the application documents meet the format, the patent will be approved. | # As long as the application documents meet the format, the patent will be approved. | The application documents will meet the format, and the patent will be approved. | 11 | 11 | 29 |
Normally patent infringement lawsuits can be settled out of court due to the high cost and complicated procedures. | # Normally, the lawsuits of patent infringement can be settled out of court due to the high cost and complicated procedures. | # Normally, the lawsuits of patent infringement can be settled out of court due to the high cost and complicated procedures. | #Normally, the lawsuits of patent infringement can be settled out of court due to the high cost and complicated procedures. | 28 | 28 | 27 |
As a developing country, China is now facing problems in many fields. | # As a developing country, now China is facing problems in many fields. | # As a developing country, now China is facing problems in many fields. | #As a developing country, now China is facing problems in many fields. | 10 | 10 | 9 |
China's education is a typical exam-oriented education. | # China's education is typical exam-oriented education. | # China's education is typical exam-oriented education. | # China's education is typical exam-oriented education. | 4 | 4 | 4 |
However, the policy of engineering and industry cannot meet these needs. | #However, the policy of engineering and industry cannot meet the needs. | #However, the policy of engineering and industry cannot meet the needs. | #However, the policy of engineering and industry cannot meet the needs. | 3 | 3 | 3 |
In the technological age, since independent innovation is very important to a nation's development, society needs people with innovative talent. | #In the technological age, since independent innovation is very important to a nation's development, society needs people with innovative talent. | #In the technological age, since independent innovation is very important to a nation's development, society needs the people with innovative talent. | #In the technological age, since independent innovation is very important to a nation's development, society needs the people with innovative talent. | 1 | 5 | 5 |
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