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{"metadata":{"id":"005301f6da619f376e38e88fee46b239","source":"gardian_index","url":"https://cgspace.cgiar.org/rest/bitstreams/7d5464c9-8bb2-4e2b-a2f3-6bcd9a0be0e0/retrieve"},"pageCount":4,"title":"","keywords":["United Nations Food Systems Summit (UNFSSS) -AT 5 -HDP Nexus Coalition -Climate","Security","and Food Systems Workstream"],"chapters":[{"head":"","index":1,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":61,"text":"In its Phase 1 (September to December 2022) the Climate, Security and Food Systems theme workstream of the HDP coalition worked together with its members to collate state-of-theart evidence on the connection between climate, food, and peace and security. Over the course of 5 meetings, various coalition members presented state-of-the-art evidence on the connection between climate, food, and peace and security."}]},{"head":"Session 1: Introductions and Outline of Work Plan Session 2: Han van Dijk, University of Wageningen Food Systems Transition Sahel Programme","index":2,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":118,"text":"-What is the appropriate approach to achieve food systems transformation in the Sahel to address some of the key insecurities that characterise the region? Transformation must be recognised as a complex affair as it requires overcoming several interconnected issues. The Sahel region oscillates between stability and instability, security and insecurity. Strategies to cope with this also oscillate between investments (soil and water conservation) and movement (mobility by pastoralists) and migration (rural urban/rural rural). The region as a whole is plagued by underinvestment and human development challenges, including a lack of education, health services, gender equality, etc. Increasing rural population density is also a factor, whilst increasing productivity is challenging due in part to the increased parcelling of land."},{"index":2,"size":57,"text":"• Climate-related resource scarcity is compounded by very complex resource governance systems with different layers of land tenure regulations, malfunctioning bureaucracies in conflict management, lack of investments in public services and human capital, and poorly managed internal and regional population mobility, particularly when IDPs and migrants spread over the countryside, which can set off new resource-related issues."},{"index":3,"size":104,"text":"• Food system transformation challenges therefore include climate challenges in the long and short term; a youth bulge (with long term food security and employment issues to address, such as needing to find around 200 million jobs for the future); the fact that 80% of rural households are too poor to invest themselves out of poverty; rapid and high rates of urbanisation (which is also an opportunity as there is a simultaneously growing demand for food from the countryside) whilst rural populations are also growing; a lack of diversification of diets (again an opportunity as more varied diets require more farming/different types of farming)."},{"index":4,"size":40,"text":"-Key policy principles to bear in mind when seeking to address these issues include, therefore: youth are not the problem, but the solution. The youth requires investment in skills and capacities, and are the key to addressing food system transformations."},{"index":5,"size":72,"text":"The same goes for 80% of rural poor that are unable to lift themselves out of poverty. These population groups are a given and must be the target of investments, rather than being presented as the problem. Furthermore, policies should aim to focus on income distribution and growth, as well as investment in human capital; resource governance regimes that match landscape level realities, constructing resilience through diversity and contributing to diverse diets."},{"index":6,"size":63,"text":"• Key research principles include: the need to examine how livestock and cropping systems interact, and how these fit into landscape management with other components, such as soils, trees, fuels, food, and fodder. Additionally, there is a need to build the capacities of local research institutions, even though research and knowledge infrastructure is in many cases lacking and not frequently subject to investment."}]},{"head":"Session 3: Theresa Liebig, CGIAR FOCUS Climate Security","index":3,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":99,"text":"• The CSO is an online platform designed to support the decision-making processes of key stakeholders in the climate security space. The platform will likely be launched in Q1 of 2023, with CGIAR currently running usability tests and user workshops. The platform focuses on generating evidence and addressing knowledge gaps regarding the bidirectional linkages between climate, land and food systems, political and economic systems, and conflicts. It is based on a mixed methodological approach which combines quantitative and qualitative forms of analysis, and crucially, also relies on insights from the ground and fieldwork to stress test assumptions and models."},{"index":2,"size":57,"text":"• The approach seeks to answer four key questions: where are the most vulnerable groups to climate change impacts? Who are groups that are most vulnerable to climate and security risks? How does climate work to exacerbate root and proximate causes of conflict? And what type of interventions can help break the cycle between climate and conflict?"},{"index":3,"size":74,"text":"• These questions are answered through the use of -firstly -climate security impact pathway analysis, a conceptual model produced on the basis of an extended literature review that assesses how climate might act as a risk multiplier for conflict in a specific context. This is complimented by spatial analysis, which seeks to answer the who and where questions by overlaying different conditions of climate, conflict, and other forms of socio-economic vulnerabilities to identify hotspots."},{"index":4,"size":64,"text":"• The underlying structure of the interactions between climate, political, and socioeconomic systems is assessed through an interactive mapping process. The influence of productivity indicators such as livestock units are then related to inequality-related variables such as education or access to healthcare, and then related to key variables identified in the impact pathway to assess how cross-system dynamics are occurring in a given context."}]},{"head":"Session 4: (IOM Sudan)","index":4,"paragraphs":[{"index":1,"size":94,"text":"• There are several programs that IOM Sudan has worked on throughout 2022. The Climate-Security-Fragility Nexus project in the East of Sudan, which included analysis of the interplay between conflict and climatic factors, including disasters; analysis of local resources, uses, and systems in place and the integration of natural resource management solutions in conflict resolution mechanisms; and the design programming to counter negative practices, is one example of this. There is also a Disaster Risk Reduction program, which includes a preparedness component, conducting vulnerability capacity assessments, and the design and implementation of adaptation plans."},{"index":2,"size":62,"text":"• General findings from 'Mitigating the potential for tension and conflict in areas impacted by the refugee influx in Sudan project (Gedaref State)' include: intense land degradation has occurred due to both climatic and man-made factors, leading to lower yields and food insecurity. In order to produce more, farms are expanded horizontally, rather than vertically (expanded surface area versus increased efficiency respectively)."},{"index":3,"size":76,"text":"• Already narrowing pastoralist corridors and remaining pastures are likely to suffer from erosion in the near future, thereby impacting food security, stability, conflict, the nature if human mobility, soil health, biodiversity, and risk exposure. Finally, although climate change is commonly used as an explanation and catch-all term for environmental issues, the assessment finds a host of local and human activity that also contribute to environmental loss. Climate change interacts with and exacerbates these local conditions."},{"index":4,"size":75,"text":"• General findings from 'Increasing the knowledge-base, community cohesion, and mobility dynamics in the context of climate change and environmental degradation' project include: in South Darfur state, conflicts between pastoralists and farmers over land and water sources are becoming much more frequent. Um Janah community identified several key hazards, such as flooding, desertification and increasingly frequent/severe dust storms, pests -particularly locusts -which were linked to sudden displacement and voluntary migration, particularly where they emerged suddenly."},{"index":5,"size":118,"text":"• In Nyala, the top 3 vulnerabilities mentioned by respondents captured more than 50% of all mentions: physical insecurity and conflict violence; access to food and water; and climate change, natural hazards, or extreme weather events. In this context we see the ways in which climate change, violent conflict, and migation mutually influence one another in the domain of lived experience. Individuals who have been displaced by violent conflict experience thirst and starvation on the way to various villages that serve as temporary homes until they get to the IDP camp. At the camps, they experience aggression by pastoralists against their efforts to cultivate the land, construct mud homes (that collapse under heavy rain), and persistent food insecurity."}]}],"figures":[],"sieverID":"e1fb6582-87a8-4c05-88fd-776390c35794","abstract":""} |
