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We describe the formation of a bis-cyclopropane product, a tricyclic[4.1.0.02,4]heptane, that is formed during a Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction on a cyclopentenone. Two (of four possible) bicyclic products are selectively formed by addition of a COOEt-stabilized sulfur ylide onto the Michael acceptor. The tricyclic product is formed subsequently via a retro Michael elimination of a hindered ether followed by addition of a further cyclopropyl moiety, affecting only one of the two bicyclic products initially formed. The experimental reaction outcome was rationalized using density functional theory (DFT), investigating the different Michael-addition approaches of the sulfur ylide, the transition state (TS) energies for the formation of possible zwitterionic intermediates and subsequent reactions that give rise to cyclopropanation. Selective formation of only two of the four possible products occurs due to the epimerization of unreactive intermediates from the other two pathways, as revealed by energy barrier calculations. The formation of the tricyclic product was rationalized by evaluation of energy barriers for proton abstraction required to form the intermediate undergoing the second cyclopropanation. The selectivity-guiding factors discussed for the single and double cyclopropanation of this functionalized Michael-acceptor will be useful guidelines for the synthesis of future singly and doubly cyclopropanated compounds.

2022-12-30T01:08:54.707Z

目的 探讨SARS康复患者骨缺血坏死的患病率,及其与激素使用的关系.方法对76例SARS康复患者进行双髋和双膝关节MR扫描.其中男17例,女59例.在治疗SARS时8例未使用激素,其余68例均使用了激素治疗,其中30例有确切激素用量、疗程.对患者全身骨关节症状进行问卷调查.由高年资医生阅读MR图像,诊断有无骨缺血坏死改变.对骨缺血坏死患病率、激素用量和症状等参数进行统计学分析.结果 (1)SARS康复患者股骨头和股骨髁部位出现的骨缺血坏死及骨髓内骨梗死的MRI表现符合临床诊断骨缺血坏死者的MRI典型表现.(2)8例未用过激素的SARS康复患者无一例出现骨缺血坏死改变,而68例使用激素患者中25例出现骨缺血坏死改变,两组比较差异有显著性意义(P 0.05).76例中,64例出现各种骨关节症状,主要症状是全身多关节疼痛.50例累及1个以上的关节,14例只累及1个部位.累及的关节分别为髋关节40例、膝关节36例、腰椎10例、肩关节7例及腕关节4例.8例未使用激素的患者中7例主诉有多个关节疼痛症状,在68例使用激素者中55例主诉有关节疼痛症状.两组之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).其中25例MRI发现有骨坏死征象的患者中,22例有症状,而43例MRI未见异常的患者中,34例有症状.两组之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论 MRI筛查能够早期发现骨缺血坏死改变;在使用激素治疗的SARS康复患者中MRI筛查发现髋和膝关节骨缺血坏死改变发生率较高;康复SARS患者多数出现全身关节疼痛症状,其原因尚待研究。

2022-01-27T19:19:44.550Z

The addition of an acid to a clay suspension usually causes rapid sedimentation, while the addition of a base reverses the process. This is generally explained by saying that clay is a negative colloid and hence flocculated or precipitated by the hydrogen ions of the acid and for the same reason deflocculated by the base. These experiments showed that the effect of hydrogen-ion concentration upon the rate of sedimentation2 was relatively great and explains why changes in the ph values produce such noticeable changes in plasticity and viscogity They show also that elutriation is an uncertain process without ph control.

2022-02-10T12:36:42.101Z

Abstract Sources of information on rural land ownership and occupancy in Scotland are reviewed. No single source can be guaranteed to yield a detailed picture of land ownership, but various sources can often be used in combination to indicate overall patterns. The existence of the Register of Sasines means that research on issues related to rural land ownership is easier or more feasible in Scotland than in other parts of Britain.

2022-02-09T15:04:58.396Z

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2007 in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA, August 5 – August 9, 2007

2022-02-09T10:10:28.960Z

This article investigates stabilization for a group of uncertain switched systems with frequent asynchronism. Without the limitation of minimum residence time, the average dwell-time strategy makes it possible for switched systems with uncertain parameters to switch frequently over successive event intervals. Since it is highbrow and expensive to obtain the whole state information in practice, the dynamic output-feedback controller is applied. With the aid of a controller-pattern-related Lyapunov functional and an event-triggered dynamic output-feedback controller, sufficient conditions are established to ensure the stability of the resulting uncertain closed-loop system. To appropriately deal with the uncertain parameters, some inequalities of the linear matrix are tactfully utilized together with the Lyapunov functional and controller gains are constructed by the strategy of the block matrix. Furthermore, the presence of the lower boundary on adjacent event intervals is earnestly discussed to eliminate the Zeno behavior. Eventually, the feasibility and availability of the theoretical results are illuminated by a numerical simulation.

2022-05-01T13:35:59.309Z

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of -866G>A polymorphism of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) on platelet reactivity and prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes and ischemic stroke (IS). A total of 405 Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and stroke were assessed in a 4-year follow-up case-control study. Patient response to antiplatelet therapy was measured with the Platelet Function Analyzer-100 by means of collagen/adenosine diphosphate (CADP) and collagen/epinephrine (CEPI) cartridges. The primary end point was a composite of stroke and TIA (transient ischemic attack), the secondary end point was death. The -866G>A polymorphism in UCP-2 was genotyped by TaqMan MGB probe method. The -866G>A SNP in UCP-2 was not significantly associated with recurrence of diabetic ischemical stroke (p = 0.57). A significant trend toward nonfull response to antiplatelet therapy was seen in patients carrying A allel in comparison with those carrying GG genotype, as shown by the CADP and CEPI tests (p < 0.0001). Our 4-year follow-up study shows no association between -866G>A variant of UCP-2 in type 2 diabetes and the risk of developing stroke. But in conclusion, the A allel is associated with clopidogrel resistance.

2022-07-30T23:55:32.096Z

The theory of real numbers, as a basis of mathematical analysis, had been already completed in the nineteenth century in several ways (cf. [1], [2], [3]), and now we seem to have nothing to do newly with it. These mathematical theories have been established as the completion of the system of rational numbers, while the intimate relation between the quantity and the number has been rather neglected. Here we shall start from the characterization of the system of positive quantities and derive the system of positive real numbers as the set of automorphisms of the system of positive quantities. Then, the extension of the system of positive real numbers to the whole system of real numbers can be easily carried out. The contents of this note had been already published by the author in Japanese in a mimeographed copy "Zenkoku Shijo Sugaku Danwakai" (1944). The author is much obliged to the editors of Osaka Journal of Mathematics who have allowed this note to be published newly in English.

2022-08-24T03:46:22.122Z

We investigated the effects of a heptapeptide, GPPGPAG, on memory improvement and neuritic regeneration in Alzheimer’s disease models to evaluate its potency as a new anti-Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapy. The anti-AD effects of GPPGPAG were evaluated in Aβ-treated cortical neurons and 5XFAD, a mouse model of AD. Exposure of cortical neurons to Aβ25-35 for 3 days resulted in atrophy of axons and dendrites. Treatment with GPPGPAG improved the dendritic atrophy of Aβ-treated cortical neurons, but not axonal atrophy. Postsynaptic and presynaptic densities under Aβ1-42 exposure were increased by GPPGPAG post treatment. Oral administration of GPPGPAG to 5XFAD mice for 15 days improved significantly object recognition memory and dendritic density. Direct infusion of GPPGPAG into the lateral ventricle of 5XFAD mice for 28 days improved object recognition memory. Following oral administration of GPPGPAG in mice, the undigested heptapeptide was detected in the plasma and cerebral cortex. Analysis of target protein of GPPGPAG in neurons by DARTS method identified 14-3-3ε as a bound protein. The protective effect of GPPGPAG on Aβ1-42-induced dendritic atrophy was canceled by knockdown of 14-3-3ε. Taken together, these results suggest that GPPGPAG is orally available, transfers to the brain, and ameliorates memory dysfunction in AD brain, which is possibly mediated by 14-3-3ε-related dendritic restoration.

2022-10-07T15:54:30.988Z

Self-localization has become one of the major areas of research in drifted underwater acoustic networks (DUANs) since many applications are based on the knowledge of nodes’ positions. However, self-localization for DUANs faces two main challenges: the insufficient anchors and the varying network topology. Both affect the localization performance seriously. In this paper, we focus on these two challenges and propose a dynamic reference selection-based self-localization algorithm for DUANs (DRSL) to improve the localization performance. First, an optimal reference selection scheme is presented to solve the insufficient anchors’ problem. The selected optimal reference node can not only assist the insufficient anchors in accomplishing the localization procedure, but also obviously increase the localization accuracy. Based on the proposed optimal reference selection scheme, a dynamic reference selection-based self-localization algorithm is proposed to solve the topology changing problem. The proposed algorithm can improve the localization performance for DUANs significantly by selecting the reference node dynamically according to the predicted network topology, which is more suitable for DUANs with mobile sensor nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed DRSL algorithm can increase the localization accuracy greatly with insufficient anchor nodes and varying network topology. In addition, DRSL algorithm also has a lower communication cost than other anchor-free approaches, which distinctly demonstrates the advantages of the proposed DRSL algorithm.

2022-12-15T01:31:56.490Z

O presente artigo objetivou versar sobre os elementos jurídicos e doutrinários que compõem o viés da possibilidade de fixação da obrigação alimentar gravídica na união homoafetiva feminina. A iniciativa da pesquisa se apresentou pela aparente ilegitimidade do direito a alimentos gravídicos aplicados à união lésbica, além da relevância no que tange a análise paralela sob o ponto de vista jurídico e social. Para tanto, se fez imprescindível apresentar o direito de família e sua trajetória evolutiva no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, bem como analisar seus novos contornos, ao exemplo do reconhecimento da união homoafetiva e da consagração do princípio da afetividade como fator determinante nas decisões da seara familiar. O método utilizado para conduzir o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi o de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, com informações reunidas por intermédio de doutrinas, artigos científicos e jurisprudências. A partir disso, foram reunidas razões consistentes pelas quais se evidencia a inegável observância da viabilidade dessa prática nessa conjunção familiar.

2022-12-16T15:42:24.190Z

In an earlier study, we found that men who smoked a cigarette and then engaged in a mildly stressful activity (video game) evidenced pronounced increases in heart rate and blood pressure, which were approximately equal to the sum of the effects produced by either smoking alone or stress alone. In the present study, a 2 (smoke vs. sham smoke) X 2 (stress vs. no stress) factorial design was used to evaluate the impact of stress and smoking on the cardiovascular responses of young women. The results revealed that the combination of stress and cigarette smoking produced blood pressure and heart rate responses that were larger than the additive effects of smoking and stress taken separately.

2022-12-17T02:09:55.085Z

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) constitute a large enzyme family with important biological functions. Inhibition of PTP activity through reversible oxidation of the active-site cysteine residue is emerging as a general, yet poorly characterized, regulatory mechanism. In this study, we describe a generic antibody-based method for detection of oxidation-inactivated PTPs. Previous observations of oxidation of receptor-like PTP (RPTP) α after treatment of cells with H2O2 were confirmed. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced oxidation of endogenous SHP-2, sensitive to treatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, was demonstrated. Furthermore, oxidation of RPTPα was shown after UV-irradiation. Interestingly, the catalytically inactive second PTP domain of RPTPα demonstrated higher susceptibility to oxidation. The experiments thus demonstrate previously unrecognized intrinsic differences between PTP domains to susceptibility to oxidation and suggest mechanisms for regulation of RPTPs with tandem PTP domains. The antibody strategy for detection of reversible oxidation is likely to facilitate further studies on regulation of PTPs and might be applicable to analysis of redox regulation of other enzyme families with active-site cysteine residues.

2022-12-19T18:25:39.528Z

This paper is an attempt to take up the prompt in Derrida's work concerning the necessity for a deconstruction of anthropocentrism. Working through an example from Hegel's Philosophy of Right concerning animality, the paper takes up Derrida's project and connects it to the larger concern of what happens to the philosophical once it is no longer premised on the animal's exclusion but has to acknowledge the inclusion of an already present thus recalcitrant animality.

2022-02-08T17:33:27.615Z

The increasing international mobility of products, services and factors of production in recent years places constraints on national tax policies; it may be difficult for countries to set tax rates on mobile tax bases which are significantly higher than the rates levied elsewhere. This interdependence in national tax policies may give rise to a need for some degree of policy coordination, to ensure an appropriate balance of taxation between mobile and immobile tax bases and to restrict the ability of countries to exploit the mobility of tax bases to their advantage. At the same time, a number of energy-related environmental problems have a significant international dimension, calling for some degree of international coordination. Whilst such coordination has, to date, mainly taken the form of agreements on abatement targets, there are arguments which would point in the direction of harmonising the form of policy in addition to agreement on emissions targets. The above arguments for international coordination are applicable, in general, but the high degree of integration between European Union member states means that EU member states may need to pay particular attention to the tax policy problems created by mobility. At the same time, the institutional framework of the EU provides opportunities for coordination, monitoring and enforcement, which may significantly widen the scope for efficient and effective international harmonisation of energy taxes.

2022-02-09T02:23:05.633Z

Previous investigations using the numerical modeling of moist convection in the atmosphere found an interesting effect: clouds arising through the water vapor condensation shield partially the underlying surface and change its radiation balance. The vertical heat fluxes on the surface become horizontally inhomogeneous, that can exert a back profound effect on the convection and dynamics of clouds, in particular, resulting in their horizontal transference (a cloud "runs away from its own shadow"). This paper is dedicated to the corresponding generalization of the classical Rayleigh problem on the convective instability of horizontal layer of a fluid. This generalization has as its object to describe the effect mentioned above – the influence of partial surface shielding on convection. The results show that the given relatively small modification of the Rayleigh problem, taking into account the possibility of the horizontally shifted thermal response to the vertical motions, leads to qualitatively new results. There appears a new, easily realizable type of instability, for which the strengthening of disturbances moving horizontally is typical.

2022-03-05T21:45:23.571Z

to the editor: Incorrect items or errors and gross mistakes or blunders in textbooks occasionally appear and are usually quickly detected and attended to. However, some blunders persist uncorrected for long periods. More than 100 years ago, Goode ([1][1]) stated, “It has been interesting to me for

2022-02-12T15:51:52.460Z

New hybrid surface reinforcement consisting of crack healing and low energy electron beam irradiation has been proposed for structural ceramics. Crack healing was found to make surface cracks be innocuous. Low-energy electron beam irradiation was found to significantly harden the treated subsurface layer, which includes the matrix layer near the surface as well as the partly or fully covered silica layer formed by the crack healing. Moreover, it was found not to break the improved fracture strength due to crack healing. These results suggest that the proposed surface reinforcement can actualize to manage the existence of surface cracks in structural ceramics.

2022-09-04T12:16:12.163Z

We experimentally demonstrate the generation of dynamic spatiotemporal structured beams that exhibit two orbital-angular-momenta simultaneously using a Kerr frequency comb. The mode purity of the revolving and rotating LG30 beam is obtained to b ~89%.

2022-12-13T05:17:43.608Z

Polysulfone is synthetic polymer widely used as basic material for dialyzer membrane and hydrophobic so it tends to cause fouling. Cellulose acetate is non-synthetic, hydrophilic polymer which has low tendency of fouling and has good thermal stability and permeability so it is considered as alternative material for hollow fiber dialyzer. A proper hollow fiber can be achieved by setting a proper temperature of coagulation bath along the spinning process. This research aims to understand the effect of coagulation bath temperature variations on the physical characteristic such as pore size, tensile strength, swelling rate and creatinine clearance of cellulose acetate – D-glucose monohydrate hollow fibers. Hollow fibers were fabricated using spinneret at temperature variations 5°C, 10°C, 15°C dan 20°C. Physical characteristics were estimated by doing morphology test using SEM, tensile test, swelling test towards Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) and filtration test towards creatinine. Result revealed that the hollow fibers from 5°C coagulation bath temperature gives the best characteristic and performance with tensile strength 27,421 N mm-2, pore size 0,0295–0,0858 nm, swelling rate 4,18%, elongation rate 4,4 %, flux rate 1,6032–1,7956 mL cm-2 min-1 and creatinine clearance rate 40,14–48,30% so it is potential to be applied as dialyzer membrane.

2022-12-18T01:49:52.174Z

We investigate the effects of time delay and piecewise-linear threshold policy harvesting for a delayed predator–prey model. It is the first time that Holling response function of type III and the present threshold policy harvesting are associated with time delay. The trajectories of our delayed system are bounded; the stability of each equilibrium is analyzed with and without delay; there are local bifurcations as saddle-node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation; optimal harvesting is also investigated. Numerical simulations are provided in order to illustrate each result.

2022-12-21T18:09:12.986Z

Understanding the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical for therapeutics and public health intervention strategies. Viral-host interactions can guide discovery of regulators of disease outcomes, and protein structure function analysis points to several immune pathways, including complement and coagulation, as targets of the coronavirus proteome. To determine if conditions associated with dysregulation of the complement or coagulation systems impact adverse clinical outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, we performed a retrospective observational study of 11,116 patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that history of macular degeneration (a proxy for complement activation disorders) and history of coagulation disorders (thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and hemorrhage) are risk factors for morbidity and mortality in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients - effects that could not be explained by age or sex. In addition, using data from the UK Biobank, we implemented a candidate driven approach to evaluate linkage between severe SARS-CoV-2 disease and genetic variation associated with complement and coagulation pathways. Among our findings, our scan identified previously reported eQTLs for CD55 (a negative regulator of complement activation) and SNPs in Complement Factor H (CFH) and Complement Component 4 Binding Protein Alpha (C4BPA), which play central roles in complement activation and innate immunity and were previously linked to Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in a Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). In addition to providing evidence that complement function modulates SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome, the data point to several putative genetic markers of susceptibility. The results highlight the value of using a multi-modal analytical approach, combining molecular information from virus protein structure-function analysis with clinical informatics and genomics to reveal determinants and predictors of immunity, susceptibility, and clinical outcome associated with infection.

2022-12-27T14:54:56.330Z

The reform program outlined by regulators and supervisors after the financial crisis implicitly aims to create a new model for banks, one where they are small(er), simple(r) and separable. The drive toward “separability” threatens to diminish the scale and scope economies that global banks have enjoyed and opens the door to new entrants using new technology. If global banks have to be managed as a collection of “independent” subsidiaries, will this mean goodbye to global banks? Not necessarily: this article outlines how organization structures could evolve to suit both the new regulation and the new technology.

2022-02-08T18:16:47.996Z

La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France. Il est précisé que son stockage

2022-06-04T06:18:56.197Z

The aim of this study was to find out the environmental as well as genetic factors responsible for increasing the number of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients in Bangladesh. A questionnaire was developed based on 12 environmental factors and genetic aspects. Sixty six patients of ASD and 66 non-ASD control were selected randomly. Among the environmental factors, the age of the mother, premature birth, air pollution, age of the father, hypoxia during childbirth and oral contraceptive came out as significant (p<0.05) factors for ASD incidence compared to the control. Association of multiple factors on an individual was found to be crucial to enhance the risk and exposure to five and six factors was statistically significant (p<0.05) for ASD development. Prospective parents should try to keep the number of risk factors as low as possible before 1-2 months of pregnancy, during pregnancy and 1-2 years after the child birth (for child only).

2022-06-23T19:57:17.486Z

The 1s2s2p 4P0-1s2p2 4P transition of B2+ has been studied by beam-foil spectroscopic methods. The decay curve exhibits two main decay components with decay constants of (1.45 ± 0.15) ns and (2.2 ± 0.15) ns which represent the lifetimes of the 1s2p2 4P5/2 and 4P1/2,3/2 levels, respectively. The problems of the evaluation are discussed. The results are compared with the results of other experiments reporting only one lifetime component and with the trends of experimental and theoretical data along the isoelectronic sequence.

2022-07-30T21:13:21.473Z

Excerpt In a provocative article in this issue, Schroeder and colleagues (1) raise substantive questions about the need for changes in internal medicine training. By their observation, internal med...

2022-08-28T20:49:01.088Z

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) were monitored at five sites spanning the upstream–downstream extent of the Mackenzie Delta channel network during May 2010, capturing the historically under-sampled ice-out period that includes the rising freshet, peak water levels and the early falling freshet (flood recession). Unexpectedly, partial pressures of CO2 in the Mackenzie River were undersaturated during the rising freshet before water levels peaked, indicating net CO2 invasion at instantaneous CO2 flux rates (F-CO2) ranging from –112 to –258 mg-C m-2 d-1. Net CO2 invasion was also observed around the time of peak water levels at sites in the middle and outer delta. Following peak water levels, the Mackenzie River switched to saturation and net CO2 evasion (F-CO2 from 74 to 177 mg-C m-2 d-1). Although the Peel River (which flows into the west side of the Mackenzie Delta) was a strong emitter of CO2 (F-CO2 from 373 to 871 mg-C m-2 d-1), overall, the Mackenzie River and Delta were weak emitters of CO2 during the 2010 ice-out period. All sites were strong emitters of CH4 during ice-out, however, with the highest evasive fluxes observed in the outer delta when the extent of flooded delta landscape was greatest. Estimated aerial fluxes from Mackenzie Delta channel surfaces during May 2010 ranged from 2.1 to 4.8 Gg-C as CO2, and 186 to 433 Mg-C as CH4. These results provide critical information that can be used to refine gas flux estimates in high-latitude circumpolar river deltas during the relatively under-studied ice-out period.

2022-10-29T17:10:05.332Z

Hazardous Material—Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (HazMat‐CBRN) incidents, though infrequent, are environmentally precarious and perilous to living beings. They can be deliberate or accidental or follow the re‐emergence of highly contagious diseases. Successful management of such incidents in pre‐hospital settings requires having well‐trained and prepared healthcare workers.

2022-11-09T14:56:08.801Z

We describe a novel method of velocity control dedicated to the French moving-coil watt balance. In this project, a coil has to move in a magnetic field at a velocity of 2 mm s−1 with a relative uncertainty of 10−9 over 60 mm. Our method is based on the use of both a heterodyne Michelson’s interferometer, a two-level translation stage, and a homemade high frequency phase-shifting electronic circuit. To quantify the stability of the velocity, the output of the interferometer is sent into a frequency counter and the Doppler frequency shift is recorded. The Allan standard deviation has been used to calculate the stability and a σy(τ) of about 2.2×10−9 over 400 s has been obtained.

2022-12-02T11:20:54.374Z

Cowpea is an essential food legume in the tropics and particularly for sub-Saharan African populations. Postharvest grain storage, however, is a major constraint for crop expansion and year-round availability due to the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus F., the main storage pest of cowpeas in West Africa. The use of chemicals for cowpea storage is a common practice which represents, however, a risk for consumers, environment, and could also exacerbate pest control. In Burkina Faso, since the early 2000s, several scientific investigations have focused on the control of C maculatus using botanicals considered as promising and safe alternatives to chemicals. The aim of this review is to take stock of the research conducted and to identify the potential candidates on which future studies in this field will focus. The set of data analyzed show that several plants materials, including powders, crushed plants and essential oils (EO), were active against eggs, larvae, and adults of C maculatus, through dose-dependent mortality responses. However, EO extracted from native aromatic plants have yielded the most promising results, specifically EO from Ocimum canum appeared as the best candidate control agent. Other potentially interested EO tested included Hyptis suaveolens, Hyptis spicigera, and Lippia multiflora. Based on these results, attempts to optimize the use of EO for cowpea storage were conducted in laboratory and field conditions. Side effects of botanicals toward the main biological control agent, the ectoparasitoid Dinarmus basalis have also been highlighted. The results are discussed in a view of practical use of botanicals and EO as safe alternatives for Integrated Pest Management in stored cowpeas in Africa and developing countries.

2022-12-10T10:04:36.309Z

In this paper, we report on what is, to our knowledge, the highest efficiency (57 %) and average power (1.2 W) obtained with a GaAs OPO in the mid-infrared region (3-5 mum). These results have been demonstrated thanks to the development of a low-optical-losses orientation-patterned GaAs (OP-GaAs) fabrication process. Our orientation-patterned quasiphase matching structures were produced by bonding together two 2" GaAs wafers. Standard photo-lithography and etching processes can then be used to define multi-grating 2-inches wafer.

2022-12-15T06:57:33.847Z

Two DO3A-based ligands appended with the propylphosphonate side arm and their Ln3+ complexes were investigated. Proton relaxometric in vitro studies at 20 MHz and 60 MHz and 37 degree of Celsius of the Gd3+ complex containing free acid exhibited relative changes of up to 56 % in r1 relaxivity when the pH of the medium was changed from 4 to 7. This change is explained by the decrease in the number of coordinated water molecules from two to one. Temperature-dependent relaxivity and NMRD profiles of Gd3+ complexes showed a fast water exchange and a slightly increased rotational correlation time, which is characteristic of phosphonate-containing compounds. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of the Gd3+ and Eu3+ complexes were performed by means of potentiometry and luminescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that the thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of these complexes are sufficient for their in vivo application.

2022-12-15T16:12:12.086Z

A group of forensic nurses were deployed to the Gulf region in September and October 2005 after the area was hit by two major hurricanes. They describe their life-changing experience

2022-12-18T23:06:41.762Z

There has been some confusion and controversy regarding the role of clinical follow up in the management of women treated for breast cancer. Millions of women hours have been wasted worldwide in overfilled waiting rooms in the forlorn hope that early diagnosis of ipsilateral recurrence or contralateral new primaries would lead to a survival benefit. What is now recognised is that although mammography has a major role in detection of potentially curable malignancy in the treated and untreated breasts, clinical examination is of very limited value. In this issue, Kontos et al. report an analysis of the annual incidence and method of detection of contralateral disease in women who had either mastectomy or breast conserving surgery (1). They followed a series of 1143 women treated for breast cancer between 1990 and report that the risk of contralateral disease is constant with time, occurring in 0.24% per year. Of those for whom method of relapse detection was known, only 1 (5%) was picked up on clinical examination, 4 (21%) by the patient and 14 (74%) as a result of an abnormal mammogram. This suggests that clinical examination adds little to the benefit of mammography alone. Furthermore, since breast cancer patients have an increased risk of subsequent breast cancer compared with their age-matched neighbours, surveillance in some form has to be a long-term exercise. When Montgomery et al. conducted a systematic review of recurrence detection modalities, they reported a significant change with time (2). Among those studies published before 2000, only 15% of potentially curable relapses were mammographically detected whereas 46% were found as a result of routine clinical examination. For those series published after 2000, of the recurrences, 40% were found by mammography and 15% detected on routine clinical examination. Several studies have indicated the primacy of mammography for posttreatment monitoring. A Dutch study compared outcome for breast cancer patients in Nijmegen where annual mammography was used with that of cases from Eindhoven who had clinical examination without mammography (3). The Nijmegen cases were more likely to have tumours <10 mm (35% vs. 7%) and negative axillary nodes (75% vs. 57%). In an Italian multicentre study, 1320 women were randomly assigned to an intensive surveillance, clinical examination bone scan, liver ultrasound, chest x-ray and blood tests or as controls, patients were seen as frequently with only clinically indicated tests being performed (4). Both groups had annual mammograms. After a median follow up of 71 months, no difference was found in overall survival, time to detection of recurrence or health-related quality of life. Grunfeld et al. ran a randomised trial within which 296 women with treated breast cancer received routine follow up either in hospital or in general practice, with 12–18 months mammography (5). After 18 months follow up, there was no increase in time to recurrence in those seen in general practice nor was there any deterioration in quality of life. The majority of recurrences (69%) presented as interval events, and almost half (44%) of the women developing recurrences in the hospital group presented first to their general practitioners. NICE guidelines (2009) state ‘After completion of adjuvant treatment (including chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy where indicated) for early breast cancer, discuss with patients where they would like follow up to be undertaken. They may choose to receive follow-up care in primary, secondary or shared care’ (6). The reality is that the majority of breast cancer patients are being discharged back to the care of their GPs as little as 1 year after diagnosis, the reason being that in the resource-restricted NHS there is no tariff for follow up. It will be argued that with no evidence of patient benefit from follow up other than acting as a support for some who are feeling vulnerable, it is perfectly appropriate to say goodbye to our patients as soon as they have been processed through the sausage machine (cancer journey). This is missing the point. Those of us who are interested in the biology of breast cancer and how treatment and tumour variables affect outcome, want to know what happens to our patients. This becomes particularly important as molecular profiling is adding more fascinating and complex information concerning tumour characteristics. To get accurate follow-up information does not require the patients to wait for hours in an overcrowded clinic before being seen by an overstretched junior doctor who they have never met previously. It does, however, require organisation and resources to contact patients on an annual basis by text, phone, e-mail or postcard. This serves the dual purpose of giving the patient an appointment for mammography and enquiring after the state of their health. Linked Comment: Kontos et al. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67: 1113–7.

2022-02-12T14:12:38.345Z

In this paper modelling of specific on-body channels is conducted by using three different antenna types. Our goal is to investigate antennas performance in different on-body contexts and examine antennas propagation mechanisms. For this purpose, a measurement campaign is performed. Results will be provided in terms of channel gain, slow and fast fading modelling by performing statistical analysis of received signal envelope.

2022-09-15T21:44:58.455Z

: Films based on whey protein isolate (WPI) were formed using compression molding. Compression molded films could be formed using 30% to 50% moisture content or glycerol content WPI at 104 °C to 160 °C for 2 min. Films made from water-WPI mixtures were brittle and insoluble and had water-vapor permeability values independent of starting water-WPI mixture moisture content, molding temperature, or molding pressure. Gly-WPI films produced at 104 °C were flexible and partially soluble. Gly-WPI films produced at 140 °C were also flexible but nearly insoluble. Glycerol content and molding temperature and pressure had little effect on water-vapor permeability values of Gly-WPI films over the range of conditions studied.

2022-12-04T00:01:03.764Z

PV deployment growth is an unmatched success story in the energy sector over recent years. However, European PV manufacturers are facing a decline in production due to competition from third countries. The fragmentation of the value chain is believed to be one of the major factor for this decrease in the competitiveness. SUPER PV is a collaborative European-funded project initiated in 2018 by 26 partners in reaction to this trend. It pursues a significant LCOE reduction for innovative PV systems based on a hybrid combination of technological innovations and Data management solutions along the PV value chain.

2022-12-12T23:15:06.691Z

We use simple and direct methods to study questions related to charge fractionalization. The vacuum charge is obtained in a form reminiscent of the Levinson theorem relating the number of bound states to phase shifts. The potential ambiguity brought about by a ''winding'' of the chiral angle ..delta..theta is also studied. It is resolved by explicitly demonstrating the crossing pattern of the energy levels near E = 0. This is achieved quite generally, as a result of applying the Sturm-Liouville theorem.

2022-12-13T00:55:26.474Z

Data anonymization is one of the essential strategies, which is utilized in security protecting data publication. Numerous techniques have been proposed to anonymize various associations' data sets to distribute them autonomously. In any case, a data set is infrequently confined, a nd distributed by numerous associations may get a record of a similar individual. An independently distributed data set may have a little security hazard. Notwithstanding, the blend of two distributed data sets may penetrate people's security, common in informational collections, by composition attack. A couple of researches have been done to forestall it without considering coordination among different associations before data publishing. Even though coordination is a magnificent method to keep away from such issues, associations would prefer not to share their client informational collections with others. In this work, we present a coordination strategy where complete information sharing is not essential. This will successfully beat security concerns. It has been demonstrated tentatively that the proposed strategy anonymizes information to fulfill the security necessity and preserve high data utility than previously proposed models.

2022-12-14T06:21:11.730Z

Texas A&M University opened a branch campus in the Education City of Qatar Foundation in 2003 by offering Bachelor of Science degrees in four engineering majors: chemical, electrical, mechanical and petroleum. The main objective of the Qatar campus is to support Qatar’s development by educating engineers to contribute to the Qatar National Vision 2030. This paper highlights the success stories from this program as per the experience of our students and alumni who are working in several sectors in Qatar, the region and the world, since the graduation of the inaugural class in 2008. Furthermore, this paper highlights the potentials of this new program to become a unique model for the future engineering education programs in the region and worldwide. Also, the paper briefly lists few of the challenges that face the implementation of this program. Number of activities in this vision have been implemented during the past 5-6 years and have shown significant success while others are still in their first phases of testing.

2022-12-15T09:57:56.653Z

With slope farming, land improvement operations shall be adapted to successfully counteract both wind and water erosion, as well as their joint effects. Paraplowing and chisel plowing are considered the most effective for controlling water erosion in the Western Siberia region, where the steepness of slopes in most areas does not exceed 4-6 degrees. However, even relatively small slopes have large areas where the required direction of machinery movement is difficult to determine unambiguously, while incorrect tillage significantly enhances erosion processes on the slopes. A number of disadvantages of existing tools can be eliminated with the help of a rotary-type blade tiller developed by Omsk SAU. As the machinery moves, the tool creates intermittent grooves of a complex configuration on the field surface, which allow to restrain the flow of melt and storm water. With a working depth of over 40 cm in the middle of the furrow, the tool operates partly as a paraplow keeping the crop residue on the field surface. However, this tool needs further modernization. Therefore, research aimed at creating and improving the tool pieces of tillage machinery capable of working on slopes of complex configuration is currently relevant.

2022-01-27T05:35:57.777Z

SWOT Analysis of Jowar Food Products Strengths • There is a prior awareness on jowar being a healthy and nutritious food. • Good response for quality certification from NIN. • Strong research and development facility is available. • DSR's brand ‘Eatrite’ is the only brand in the market offering versatile product range based on jowar. • Easy to be adopted in terms of appearance, preparation, and taste when compared with traditional products. • Taste of the product was liked by the respondents. • People are willing to consider the product if ‘Eatrite’ is launched in the market. Weaknesses • New brand in the market. • Lack of awareness about the product among the non-traditional respondents. • Lack of commercial business operation and good sales/distribution network; and there is limited presence in the market. • Immature economy of scale. • Lack of promotion of the product. • Shelf-life of the product is short (one month). • The typical smell of jowar is disliked by the non-traditional consumers. • Difficulties are encountered in the preparation/cooking of jowar by urban consumers. • Appearance of the jowar is inferior as compared with the traditional product. Opportunity • Growing willingness in consumers to try new products with health benefits. • Diabetic and obese consumers are happy with the product having major health benefits for them. • A good substitute for traditional products in terms of variety.

2022-02-09T12:40:44.548Z

The polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (NVC) in methylene dichloride initiated by triphenylmethyl hexafluoroantimonate has been studied at 0 and 20°C. Experiments in an adiabatic calorimeter showed the rates of polymerization to be rapid (t1/2 ∼ 3 sec at [M]0 = 0.050M and [I]0 = 10−6M), attaining first-order with respect to monomer concentration after 30–50% conversion. The observed rate constants of propagation decreased with increasing initiator concentration to a constant value after [I]0 ∼ 10−5M, which was not further reduced by the presence of excess SbF6− anions [from PhCH2(CH3)3NSbF6]. This behavior suggests propagation by both unpaired and paired ions and permits estimates of kp+ = 6 × 105M−1 sec−1 at 20°C; 4.5 × 105M−1 sec−1 at 0°C; and kp± = 5 × 104M−1 sec−1 at both temperatures. Molecular weights (Mn) ranged between 30,000 and 100,000 according to conditions. The degree of polymerization was always < [M]0/[I]0, indicating that transfer reactions govern this chain length. Excess common anion reduced the molecular weights. A stopped-flow apparatus was employed to monitor initiator consumption and values of ki, estimated at 130 M−1 sec−1 at 20°C and 34 M−1 sec−1 at 0°C.

2022-02-10T14:11:09.704Z

There is no study up-to-now to determine the rate of functionally significant coronary bifurcation lesions, which have to be intervened and what are the clinical consequences of the FFR case selection strategy. We analyzed patients from FIESTA registry, which was continuation of FIESTA study (Ffr vs. IcEcgSTA, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01724957). Patients with stable angina were included (if there were other coronary stenoses they were threated first after checking by FFR for functional significance). The inclusion criterions were angiographic bifurcation lesions in a native coronary artery with diameter ≥2.5 mm and ≤4.5 mm and SB diameter ≥2.0 mm. We excluded patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, left main, hemodynamic instability and those with non-cardiac co-morbidity conditions with a life expectancy of less than one year. PCI was performed according to the current guidelines. Provisional stenting was the default strategy in all patients. Two guidewires were inserted into both distal MB and SB. Initial FFR was performed using the PrimeWire or PrimeWire Prestige (Volcano Corp., USA). For all FFR measurements, intracoronary adenosine was given in increasing doses of 60 mcg, 120 mcg, and 240 mcg. The minimum value of FFR measurements was taken for analysis. All patients received double antiplatelet therapy with ADP-antagonist and aspirin for at least 12 months. A 130 consecutive patients with coronary bifurcation stenoses were included – 57 had positive FFR<.80 in main vessel of bifurcation lesion (44% functionally significant lesions). The mean age was 67±10 years, 66% males, 96% hypertensive, 39% diabetic, 96% dyslipidemic (or on treatment with statin), 55% smokers, 22% with previous myocardial infarction, 51% with previous PCI. The residual SYNTAX score before FFR bifurcation assessment was 13±4 (FFR<.80) vs. 8±3 (FFR≥0.80), p<0.001. Univariate predictors of bifurcation FFR<.80 were: proximal (MV%DS) or distal (MB%DS) main vessel stenosis ≥85% (derived from ROC analysis with overall accuracy 77% and 72%, accordingly), lesion length, SYNTAX score, triglyceride concentration, previous MI on lateral wall and carotid artery disease. On multivariate logistic analysis only MV%DS>85% (OR=8.929, CI 2.887–27.619, p<0.001), MB%DS>85% (OR=3.831, CI 1.349–10.883, p=0.012) and SYNTAX score≥12 (OR=16.466, CI 5.225–15.889, p<0.001). At median follow-up of 26 months (IQR 17–35) the all-cause mortality was 17.5% in FFR positive bifurcations vs. 4.1% in FFR negative lesions (log-rank =.067). Less than a half of angiographically significant coronary bifurcation lesions are functionally significant and require stent implantation. The functional significance was related with higher degree stenosis in main vessel and overall disease severity estimated with SYNTAX score. A trend to lower mortality was noted in group with non-significant FFRs.

2022-02-08T03:54:33.255Z

Deconvolution-based method for image analysis of cerebral blood perfusion computed tomography has been suggested. This analysis is the important part of diagnostics of ischemic stroke. The method is based on total generalized variation regularization algorithm. The algorithm was tested with generated synthetic data and clinical data. Proposed algorithm was compared with singular value decomposition method using Tikhonov regularization and with total variation based deconvolution method. It was shown that the suggested algorithm gives better results than these methods. The proposed algorithm combines both deconvolution and denoising processes, so results are more noisy resistant. It can allow to use lower radiation dose.

2022-02-08T03:55:49.137Z

Makala haya yanajadili nafasi ya lugha za asili katika Shirikisho la Afrika Mashariki. Lugha ni sehemu muhimu ya utamaduni wa jamii yoyote ile. Kijamii, lugha za asili zina nafasi ya kutumiwa katika Shirikisho kutokana na sababu zifuatazo: Kwanza, ukiachilia mbali lugha za taifa za asili, lugha nyingi za asili katika Shirikisho zinatumiwa sana na wakazi wa vijijini. Inakadiriwa kuwa zaidi ya asilimia 70 ya wazungumzaji wa lugha za asili wanaishi vijijini. Pili, lugha za asili zina dhima ya kukuza istilahi za fani mbalimbali. Tatu, lugha za asili ni msingi imara wa kujenga utamaduni wa Mwafrika, na nne, lugha za asili zinadumisha utambulisho wa Mwafrika katika Shirikisho. Kutokana na sababu hizi, kuna haja ya kuzitambua rasmi lugha za asili katika sera ya lugha ya Afrika Mashariki kama lugha muhimu za mawasiliano katika Shirikisho.

2022-02-08T21:59:38.682Z

This study investigated the relationships among employees’ justice perceptions, perceived job security, organizational identification and in-role performance. Based on the social exchange perspective and information processing theory, A hypothesized model was developed and tested via hierarchical regression analyses on a sample of 264 supervisor-subordinate dyads in China. The results showed that both procedural and distributive justice contributed to the development of job security, and job security mediated their effects on organizational justice and employees’ work outcomes. As expected, organizational identification was positively related to employees’ work performance. The findings indicated that the organizations should take appropriate actions to ensure provision of sufficient levels of justice to employees in the workplace as well as afford employees with high level of job security to foster employees’ organizational identification and hence inspire high performance of the company. Limitations of ...

2022-02-08T18:06:56.563Z

Infrared–ultraviolet double resonance (IRUVDR) experiments have been performed on samples of pure C2H2 and on C2H2 diluted in N2 and H2. Pulses of tunable IR radiation from an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) excited molecules of C2H2 to one component state of one of two Fermi dyads in the 1Σg+ electronic ground state, i.e. (31/214151)II or (3141/214251)II, and tunable UV laser radiation was used to observe the evolution of population either in that state or in the other component state of the same Fermi dyad. In this paper,‡ rate coefficients are reported for two kinds of processes: (a) vibration-to-vibration (V–V) transfer between the two component states of the same Fermi dyad induced by collisions with C2H2, N2 and H2, and (b) vibrational relaxation from the coupled pair of Fermi dyad states in collisions with the same gases. In addition, populations have been observed in the (4251), (4151) and (42) states of C2H2 during relaxation from the (3141/214251) dyad and rate coefficients for self-relaxation from the first two of these states have been derived. The results for both V–V intradyad transfer and for vibrational relaxation are discussed in terms of the vibrational matrix elements for such collision-induced transitions and differences in the mixing of the zero order states in the Fermi dyads.

2022-09-23T15:27:15.975Z

Powerful claims are being made about revolution in the transport sector, with digital technology seen as underpinning a new ‘ecosystem’ of more efficient, more pleasant and less environmentally-damaging mobility. The chapter examines how far such claims are based on evidence, and the contextual conditions that would be necessary for such benefits to be realised. The four key technological shifts identified as part of the transition are interrogated: automation, electrification, digitally-enabled mobility, and collaborative-shared mobility. The benefits of ‘connected autonomous vehicles’ are found to be highly uncertain, in terms of extent and evolution, whereas electrification is confirmed as a necessary but not sufficient condition for more sustainable mobility. Digitally-enabled mobility is technically quite feasible, but continues to face considerable regulatory, institutional and financial barriers. Collective mobility is identified as the development which can potentially have the greatest impact on the sustainability of mobility, but its core claim, that middle-income citizens will choose to share small vehicles to achieve modest cost savings, is least supported by evidence. We conclude that the traditional concerns of transport planning, such as congestion and inequality of access, will likely be persistent features of the new regime.

2022-11-11T15:46:50.084Z

In recent years, there has been an enormous increase in our understanding of the genetic basis of human disease. This has permitted much more accurate diagnoses of many diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy. At the same time, genes have been identified which confer a much greater risk for developing much more common, and adult-onset disorders, such as breast cancer. Historically, medical geneticists have worked with relatively rare conditions, such as phenylketonuria, galactosemia, and Down syndrome, for which the volume of clinical services has not been a major issue confronting the clinical geneticist.

2022-01-27T15:16:31.466Z

A combination of two-dimensional (2D) operando transmission X-ray radiograph sequences and three-dimensional (3D) in situ X-ray computed tomography was used to characterize a composite silicon anod...

2022-12-09T23:33:02.583Z

Precise reconstruction of the cosmic microwave background lensing potential can be achieved with deep polarization surveys by iteratively removing lensing-induced B modes. We introduce a lensing spectrum estimator and its likelihood for such optimal iterative reconstruction. Our modelling share similarities to the state-of-the-art likelihoods for quadratic estimator-based (QE) lensing reconstruction. In particular, we generalize the N (0) and N (1) lensing biases, and design a realization-dependent spectrum debiaser, making this estimator robust to uncertainties in the data modelling. We demonstrate unbiased recovery of the cosmology using map-based reconstructions, focussing on lensing-only cosmological constraints and neutrino mass measurement in combination with CMB spectra and acoustic oscillation data. We find this spectrum estimator is essentially optimal and with a diagonal covariance matrix. For a CMB-S4 survey, this likelihood can double the constraints on the lensing amplitude compared to the QE on a wide range of scales, while at the same time keeping numerical cost under control and being robust to errors.

2022-12-15T10:57:18.069Z

The importance of using the lift force and wall-corrections of the drag coefficient for modeling the motion of solid particles in a fully-developed channel flow is investigated by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS). The turbulent channel flow is computed at a Reynolds number based on the wall-shear velocity and channel half-width of 185. Contrary to most of the numerical simulations, we consider in the present study a lift force formulation that accounts for the weak and strong shear as well as for the wall effects (hereinafter referred to as optimum lift force), and the wall-corrections of the drag force. The DNS results show that the optimum lift force and the wall-corrections of the drag together have little influence on most of the statistics (particle concentration, mean velocities, and mean relative and drift velocities), even in the near wall region.Copyright © 2005 by ASME

2022-01-27T02:41:59.390Z

Abstract This work presents a molecular dynamics simulation method designed to describe the processes of electron and lattice relaxation taking place in the typical cascade volumes formed by high-energy implants. The simulation method is based on classical mechanics and includes the motion of electrons and nuclei. The results are in agreement with experimental observations.

2022-02-09T19:51:17.119Z

When developing and implementing integrated care services spanning across established organisational boundaries, decision makers frequently need to create new business models involving diverse stakeholders, both profit and non-profit. These may rely on reimbursement from statutory health and social care bodies as well as on other revenue streams. In practice, the needs of a wide range of stakeholders may need to be identified and duly balanced within the framework of what is possible, e.g. in relation to legislation and regulation. Achieving service integration within day-to-day practice therefore often requires joint planning – sometimes tough bargaining - by many stakeholders potentially concerned. Not at least, a certain amount of “looking into the future” will be necessary, that is anticipating developments, testing different service deployment scenarios and seeing how they respond to changes in patient populations, changes in reimbursement regimes and changes to other factors. If economic modelling of service integration is to be done in an evidence-based manner, a large amount of data on economic and other impacts, both positive (benefits) and negative (costs), thus needs to be handled and systematically brought to bear on the development of an economic case for the desired service integration. Other than merely managerial staff and accountants will most likely need to be involved as well. Care professionals, IT staff, call centre personnel and others can be holders of valuable information in relation to work processes, the actual impacts of process innovation within day-to-day practices as well as acceptability new solutions by staff and/or service clients/patients. While a narrower economic viewpoint might tend to exclude such factors from a business model, they are in reality just as crucial to success as immediately monetary factors such as revenues (see for example (Meyer et al., 2011), (Goodwin and Alonso, 2014) or (Rigby, 2014)). Taking a strictly interactive format, the workshop will enable participants to gain hands-on experiences in service related economic modelling. In particular, workshop participants will get acquainted with economic assessments through an “active learning” approach (Bonwell and Eison, 1991) enabling them to carry out their own assessment and business model development. For this purpose the so-called “Service Implementation Simulator – Integrated eCare” will be used. This tool was created in the framework of the SmartCare project (SmartCare, 2015) to support stakeholders in health and social care when it comes to establishing sustainable economic models for integrated care services currently under development. Since the Simulator is filled with data already, workshop participants can instantly delve into understanding the economic characteristics of an example case and begin modifying data to see how the sustainability model of the service reacts to changes in costs and benefits. While doing this, they will also be made acquainted with the functionalities of an open-source software tool (ASSIST) publicly available for service related business modelling and the underlying methodological assumptions (Hammerschmidt and Meyer, 2014). In didactic regard, this approach will allow workshop participants to get into immediate contact with the content-related aspects of the assessment, while (initially) by-passing methodological questions and the need for data collection. The Simulator is provided with guidance material containing a number of lessons to be learned by the workshop participants. These lessons are designed to make the workshop participants acquainted with the open-source software tool and then to carry out a series of ever more complex tasks. These tasks take the workshop participants on a journey of first understanding how the service works in economic terms and second identifying and then solving a number of problems that were built into the service’s sustainability model. Each lesson in the guidance begins with a description of the problem, followed by a series of ever more concrete hints as to how the problem might be solved. The lessons are generally designed to be solved by working alone, but a group setting can also be used. The latter can be considered particularly useful for those lessons where no single solution exists, but there are rather alternative options, each with its own advantaged and disadvantages. Since the Simulator carries out all calculations on-the-fly, the impact of any solution on the relevant key performance measures can be checked by the workshop participants immediately and without need of feedback from a “teacher”. References : 1- Meyer, I., Muller, S. & Kubitschke, L. AAL markets – knowing them, reaching them. Evidence from European research. In: Augusto, J. C., Huch, M., Kameas, A., Maitland, J., Mccullagh, P. J., Roberts, J., Sixsmith, A. & Wichert, R. (eds.) Handbook of Ambient Assisted Living. Technology for Healthcare, Rehabilitation and Well-being.: IOS Press. 2011. 2- Goodwin, N. & Alonso, A. Understanding Integrated Care: The Role of Information and Communication Technology. In: Meyer, I., Muller, S. & Kubitschke, L. (eds.) Achieving Effective Integrated E-Care Beyond the Silos. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. 2014. 3- Rigby, M. The Core Vision of Person-Centred Care in a Modern Information-Based Society. In: Meyer, I., Muller, S. & Kubitschke, L. (eds.) Achieving Effective Integrated E-Care Beyond the Silos. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. 2014. 4- Bonwell, C. & Eison, J. Active Learning: Creating Excitement in the Classroom AEHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 1. Washington, D.C.: Jossey-Bass. 1991. 5- SMARTCARE. Service Implementation Simulator – Integrated eCare. 2015. Available from: http://pilotsmartcare.eu/outcomes/service-implementation-simulator/ 6- Hammerschmidt, R. & Meyer, I. Socio-economic impact assessment and business models for integrated eCare. In: Meyer, I., Muller, S. & Kubitschke, L. (eds.) Achieving Effective Integrated E-Care Beyond the Silos. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. 2014.

2022-02-11T13:16:35.552Z

"It doesn't count unless you can count it." Favorite saying of Leonard Abramson, Chairman, USHealthcare. (Made $492 million on sale of his company to Aetna Life, and Casualty, quoted in the New York Times) "Not everything that counts can be counted." Albert Einstein

2022-02-11T11:36:46.715Z

We present a study of optical electron spin-injection at the surface of semiconductors from direct optical excitation with circularly polarized light.

2022-02-12T11:58:38.780Z

The Recife Metropolitan Region (PE, Brazil) is a typical "hot spot" illustrating the problems of southern countries on water issues inducing high pressures on water resources both on quantity and quality in the context of global social and environmental changes. By focusing on the groundwater geochemistry in a costal multilayer aquifer, this work aims at investigating the sources and processes of salinization. Two different Precambrian blocks separated by a large lineament area constitute the site basement. The sedimentary fillings of the two basins present different origins that were distinguished by the Sr isotope composition. The northern deep Beberibe aquifer displays very high 87Sr/86Sr with a large range of values (0.7102-0.7233) illustrating the main continental origin of sediments whereas the southern deep Cabo aquifer showed lower values (0.7097-0.7141) indicating the contribution of the marine sedimentation. Although sulfate isotopes, Electrical Conductivity and Cl contents indicate a mixing with seawater for some samples of the deep Cabo and Beberibe aquifers, all 87Sr/86Sr values are above the present-day seawater composition. This can be related to the complex local history of transgression/regression phases that induced alternatively salinisation and freshening with gains and losses of cations and Sr, together with water-rock interactions. δ18O-δ2H clearly evidence the local present day recharge in the surficial aquifer, some samples being affected by in situ evaporation processes and/or recharge with evaporated water from dams used for water supply. The deep aquifers display a high range of B (20-600µg/L) and δ11B (6.7-68.5‰) with some of the highest values known to date. Multiple sources and processes affect the B behavior, among which mixing with saline water, B sorption on clays/organic matter and mixing with wastewater. The surficial aquifers are locally salinized possibly due to present seawater intrusion, and highly contaminated with wastewater.

2022-08-20T10:25:22.459Z

The effect of conservative treatment of aplastic anaemia was evaluated retrospectively in 40 patients. No significant beneficial effect was provided by long-term high-dose oxymethalone in 20 patients

2022-09-11T07:51:00.966Z

Twisted diagrid tube structures have become popular due to their significant lateral resistance and esthetic potential. However, the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of twisted diagrid structures are poor. This paper presents a seismic resilient fused structural system named the twisted diagrids with shear links (TDSL), and the performance‐based plastic design (PBPD) method is introduced for designing a 24‐story prototype structure. The numerical model of the TDSL prototype is established, then nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are conducted to evaluate the seismic behavior of the prototype. The results reveal that the TDSL system can significantly improve the post‐yield performance compared to the conventional twisted diagrid structure, and the performance objectives are achieved properly. Subsequently, incremental dynamic analyses are carried out to investigate the collapse fragility of the TDSL prototype, and the collapse risk of the prototype is assessed by FEMA P695. The results indicate that the TDSL prototype has satisfactory collapse‐resisting capacity under earthquakes. It is also found that corner columns can improve the seismic safety of the prototype against collapse. In general, the TDSL system is an appealing choice for twisted buildings in seismic regions.

2022-10-05T14:03:43.309Z

Localization of the three-level Λ-type atomic system interacting with two orthogonal standing-wave fields is proposed. Two equal and tunable peaks in the 2D plane are obtained by the detunings corresponding to the two orthogonal standing-wave fields when the decreasing intensities of spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) arise in the three-level Λ-type atomic system, while one circular ring with shrinking radii in the 2D plane is obtained by the adjusted phases and wave vectors of the standing-wave fields when the increasing intensities of SGC occur in the three-level Λ-type atomic system. 2D atom localization with the single ring with shrinking radii realized by the multiple parametric manipulations demonstrated the flexibility for our scheme.

2022-09-14T17:09:41.194Z

Harmonium is a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photon source built within the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS). Utilising high harmonic generation, photons from 20-110 eV are available to conduct steady-state or ultrafast photoelectron and photoion spectroscopies (PES and PIS). A pulse preserving monochromator provides either high energy resolution (70 meV) or high temporal resolution (40 fs). Three endstations have been commissioned for: a) PES of liquids; b) angular resolved PES (ARPES) of solids and; c) coincidence PES and PIS of gas phase molecules or clusters. The source has several key advantages: high repetition rate (up to 15 kHz) and high photon flux (1011 photons per second at 38 eV). The capabilities of the facility complement the Swiss ultrafast and X-ray community (SwissFEL, SLS, NCCR MUST, etc.) helping to maintain Switzerland's leading role in ultrafast science in the world.

2022-12-10T00:32:02.378Z

The total energy of a molecule is presented as a sum of one- and two-atomic energy components in terms of "fuzzy" atoms, i.e., such divisions of the three-dimensional physical space into atomic regions in which the regions assigned to the individual atoms have no sharp boundaries but exhibit a continuous transition from one to another. By proper definitions the energy components are on the chemical energy scale. The method is realized by using Becke's integration scheme and weight function permitting very effective numerical integrations.

2022-12-10T09:55:08.644Z

Many libraries in the HPC field encapsulate sophisticated algorithms with clear theoretical scalability expectations. However, hardware constraints or programming bugs may sometimes render these expectations inaccurate or even plainly wrong. While algorithm engineers have already been advocating the systematic combination of analytical performance models with practical measurements for a very long time, we go one step further and show how this comparison can become part of automated testing procedures. The most important applications of our method include initial validation, regression testing, and benchmarking to compare implementation and platform alternatives. Advancing the concept of performance assertions, we verify asymptotic scaling trends rather than precise analytical expressions, relieving the developer from the burden of having to specify and maintain very fine grained and potentially non-portable expectations. In this way, scalability validation can be continuously applied throughout the whole development cycle with very little effort. Using MPI as an example, we show how our method can help uncover non-obvious limitations of both libraries and underlying platforms.

2022-12-12T20:52:08.195Z

Viral respiratory infections are the major cause of asthma exacerbations [1], while subjects with asthma are more likely to suffer significant morbidity when infected [2]. The severity and duration of respiratory insult depend on complex viral-host interactions. Abnormalities of the innate and adaptive immune response have been demonstrated in humans and in animal models of asthma [3]. These phenomena may explain the increased vulnerability of asthmatics to viral respiratory infections. Although less common than rhinovirus, which is responsible for 33–55% of asthma exacerbations in children and adults, seasonal influenza infection is a well-recognised cause of asthma exacerbations (3–23%) [1]. Dawood et al. [4] reported on a systematic surveillance programme for influenza-related hospitalisations of children in the USA. The proportion of children with asthma during seasonal influenza was 32% from 2003 to 2009, while 44% of children hospitalised with H1N1 in 2009 had asthma. O’Riordan et al. [5], in a paediatric hospital-based series, also found asthma to be more frequent during the H1N1 influenza pandemic of 2009 than in previous years of seasonal influenza (22% versus 6%). The remarkable increase in the risk of hospital admission in asthmatics with pandemic H1N1, compared with both seasonal influenza A and rhinovirus, may be explained by a lack of adaptive immunity to the H1N1 virus in many young asthmatic patients. Children with asthma were also more likely to require intensive care unit admission during the pandemic than with seasonal influenza A (22% versus 16%) [4]. In a prospective study during the autumn of 2009, Kloepfer et al. [6] collected nasal swabs for viral identification on a weekly basis. They found that children with asthma were more likely to become infected with H1N1 than children without …

2022-12-16T00:16:47.229Z

This study determine the impact of Herzberg two-factor theory on employees of Rafhan industry. The current paper applies Herzberg two-factor theory for improving the employees’ performance. Seven point Likert scale is used for survey purpose. Descriptive statistics, Reliability test, Pearson correlation, Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA), t test and multiple regression techniques are used for data analysis. Convenience non-probability sampling and random probability sampling are applied in this study. The results have shown that motivators (advancement, achievement, work itself, recognition and growth) and hygiene factors (company policy, work security, relationship with supervision, working condition, money and relationship with peers) of Herzberg two-factor theory are positively effects on employees’ performance. This study provide much knowledge about Herzberg theory that create benefits to individual as well as for organization. This study suggested that motivators (advancement, achievement, work itself, recognition and growth) and hygiene factors (company policy, work security, relationship with supervision, working condition, money and relationship with peers) should be employed in Rafhan industry properly.

2022-12-17T07:53:49.588Z

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.

2022-12-19T14:58:21.190Z

If informality has been conventionally understood as a territorial formation or as a labour categorisation, this paper offers an alternative conceptualisation that conceives informality and formality as forms of practice. The paper examines how different relations of informal and formal practice enable urban planning, development and politics, and explores the changing relationship between informality and formality over time. To illustrate the political potential of conceiving informality and formality as practices, it highlights the fall-out from a particular urban crisis: the 2005 Mumbai monsoon floods. In the final section, the paper offers three conceptual frames for charting the changing relations of informal and formal practices: speculation, composition, and bricolage.

2022-12-29T17:18:40.399Z

ABSTRACT This article is meant as a useful classroom methodology by which teachers of literature may give their students a coherent rubric for understanding literary meaning and exegesis which can incorporate most literary theories while addressing the basic-to-advanced concepts required of literary students. Also, it will provide a working methodology for the inclusion of certain evolutionary aesthetic concerns as part of understanding literature. Mixing Dante’s ‘Four Levels’ with Rosenblatt’s idea of ‘transactional reading’ and Dissanayake’s four criteria for an evolutionary aesthetic model, this article yields a broad, powerful and common-sensical method of literary analysis by examining literature as a series of tensions (or what I will call ‘the agon’) between Dante’s schema, Rosenblatt’s efferent/aesthetic divide, between humans as natural and cultural beings, and the tension between literature’s textuality and its contextuality.

2022-05-28T21:31:27.850Z

The paper presents a working simulation model that can be used as a tool to assist airport planners, decision makers, and operators to evaluate the performance of airport curb side parking facilities. The model validation results show accurate traffic flow predictions for both arrival and departure areas. Also, the results show that the model can predict both exit flow and vehicles' time spent in the curb side facilities. This model can easily be embedded in a decision support system for airport planners and decision makers to examine different scenarios during planning and design stages.

2022-09-13T10:28:32.256Z

We find the Legendre curves and a class of integral surfaces in a 7-dimensional three-Sasakian manifold whose mean curvature vectors are eigenvectors of the Laplacian or the normal Laplacian and we give the explicit expression for such surfaces in the sphere S.

2022-11-24T17:17:26.338Z

For the connection of remote energy sources, HVDC offers higher efficiency and flexibility compared to conventional HVAC. As the acceptance for overhead lines in Europe is often low, the detailed understanding of its environmental effects, such as audible noise is of crucial importance. Still, only few experimental studies have investigated HVDC corona. Recent publications have demonstrated, that existing prediction models for DC audible noise show strong deviations when extrapolated for higher surface gradients. While audible noise is considered negligible in rain, research has shown that the discharge amplitudes increase significantly during transitions from dry to wet weather and vice-versa. In this study, the corona current and audible noise are investigated for a large range of surface gradients and rain rates. A special focus is set on the behavior during rain onset and dry-off. While the corona current increased during rain, the measured audible noise was significantly higher during the transitions before and after the steady state. The duration of these transition periods varied with rain rate and surface gradient. The observed effects are explained using corona pulse patterns and UV data. Compared to these measurements, existing audible noise prediction models were found to overestimate the sensitivity regarding the electric field.

2022-12-13T03:08:59.157Z

A battery of 8 tests of visual-auditory integrative and simple perceptual abilities was administered to 100 kindergarteners and 100 first graders. From the pattern of relationships between the perceptual test scores and reading achievement scores for the first graders, predictive formulas were designed to identify kindergarteners who were high risks for reading failure. Reading scores were obtained a year later (in first grade) for the original kindergarteners, and the predictions were evaluated against these reading scores. A substantial success rate was found for the predictions.

2022-12-17T05:59:44.462Z

Sediment supply (Qs) is often overlooked in modelling studies of landscape evolution, despite sediment playing a key role in the physical processes that drive erosion and sedimentation in river channels. Here, we show the direct impact of the supply of coarse‐grained, hard sediment on the geometry of bedrock channels from the Rangitikei River, New Zealand. Channels receiving a coarse bedload sediment supply are systematically (up to an order of magnitude) wider than channels with no bedload sediment input for a given discharge. We also present physical model experiments of a bedrock river channel with a fixed water discharge (1.5 l min−1) under different Qs (between 0 and 20 g l−1) that allow the quantification of the role of sediment in setting the width and slope of channels and the distribution of shear stress within channels. The addition of bedload sediment increases the width, slope and width‐to‐depth ratio of the channels, and increasing sediment loads promote emerging complexity in channel morphology and shear stress distributions. Channels with low Qs are characterized by simple in‐channel morphologies with a uniform distribution of shear stress within the channel while channels with high Qs are characterized by dynamic channels with multiple active threads and a non‐uniform distribution of shear stress. We compare bedrock channel geometries from the Rangitikei and the experiments to alluvial channels and demonstrate that the behaviour is similar, with a transition from single‐thread and uniform channels to multiple threads occurring when bedload sediment is present. In the experimental bedrock channels, this threshold Qs is when the input sediment supply exceeds the transport capacity of the channel. Caution is required when using the channel geometry to reconstruct past environmental conditions or to invert for tectonic uplift rates, because multiple configurations of channel geometry can exist for a given discharge, solely due to input Qs. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

2022-12-17T02:05:22.559Z

Quebec has a charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, which came into force by proclamation, on June 28th 1976. Yet, afresh Jurors Act was assented to barely two days later which contained a clause that a number of enumerated sections have effect notwithstanding the Charter. The concern there was clearly the right to equality, which is enshrined in some sections of the Charter. This article purports to assess the proper and specific meaning of equality within the context of the Quebec Charter, and in the light of the case law surrounding the Canadian Bill of Rights. The enactment of a non obstante clause into the Jurors Act has been, in our view, both unnecessary and inappropriate.

2022-02-09T07:14:38.090Z

Mexico today is a social, economic, political and cultural battleground.' She has been bombarded by the United States with virtually every kind of pressure that one nation can put on another. Almost every large American company has a branch of a factory or an assembly plant there. Practically every article of food, with brand names intact, is shouted and jingled at you on radio and television and strikes you in the face as you shop down the aisles of supermercados which are every bit as wonderful, as efficient-and as horrible-as our own huge monsters. There you can find cornfldis, Sopas Campbell, Tide and Fab, Revlon and Max Factor, Colgate and Palmolive. And elsewhere there is For(d) and Plymouth and Chevrolet, and there is also Escuibb and Escuert ("iEscribase Squirt, pron'inciese Escuert!") and many many others.

2022-02-09T05:35:45.623Z

It was April 22, 1970, when the first Earth Day was held at the height of the environmental movement that gained momentum after the publication of Rachael Carson’s book, Silent Spring in 1962. The environmental insults that led to the recognition that our environment was seriously in trouble were abundant and profound. It is difficult to remember a time when an industrial river was regarded as a sign of industrial progress; the Cuyahoga River in Ohio was burning in 1969, there were virtually no pelicans gliding along the seashore; in an emergency move in November 1971, major air pollution sources Birmingham and Jefferson County, Alabama were shut down because of air pollution; and abandoning chemicals in waste sites was common. It was a time when the Potomac River that flows through the nation’s Capitol was not a recreational river but one so polluted that anyone who had the misfortune of falling in might be taken to an emergency room to receive a tetanus shot. It was this swelling environmental movement that led to the founding of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in December 1970 and in the same month the passage of the first piece of environmental legislation, among many yet to come, that enabled the EPA to move the nation toward clean air. From these early beginnings, the Agency commenced a long era, now 40 years, of environmental regulation that provided the leadership for a new environmental awareness. There have been successes and failures but the outcome at the 40th anniversary on balance is something that we all treasure: a much cleaner environment that has recreational rivers, clean air, and lots of pelicans, but a nation that can still accommodate industrial progress. None of this was assured, easy, or inexpensive; there have been stops and starts; mistakes where science rather than politics or public persuasion should have prevailed, but on the whole an anniversary to be celebrated. When EPA was first organized, it was organized as an Agency not a cabinet level office and with no natural constituency. Recognizing that agencies can come and go quickly, the first EPA administrator, William Ruchelshouse, decided early on that the Agency would survive only if it took bold actions to place the EPA on the national agenda; to make it clear that the Agency intended to set a new course of environmental cleanup. This course demanded a strong will and focused agenda because it was certain to be unpopular on almost all fronts. To the environmental advocates, nothing was enough; to the regulated community, there was fear and loathing that no reasonable balance could be found; to the Congress

2022-02-10T07:02:30.919Z

Tumor cell-induced endothelial cell Notch1 signaling promotes neutrophil infiltration and metastasis.

2022-03-06T02:08:01.600Z

Objective The objective of this study was to establish a taxol (TAX)–resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line and investigate its drug-resistant mechanism. Methods Using the dose calculated from clinical chemotherapy, we established a TAX-resistant human ovarian carcinoma cell line OC3/TAX300 by intermissive and repeated exposure to TAX of a high concentration at 300 &mgr;g/mL for 2 hours each time. The drug sensitivity was examined by tetrazolium dye (MTT) test. Distribution of cell cycle, DNA content analysis, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression were detected by flow cytometry. We detected the differential gene expression by use of cDNA microarray. The reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to verify the representative mRNA expression and their protein expression. Results OC3/TAX300 cells were established after 10 months with stable resistance, and the drug resistance index was 6.70. It displayed significant cross-resistance to topotecan. Distribution of cell cycle revealed a higher percentage of G2 + M phase (P < 0.01), a lower percentage of S phase (P < 0.05), and overexpression of P-gp (P < 0.01). The cDNA microarray analysis showed that there were 134 significantly differential expression genes in all, of which up-regulated and down-regulated genes were 17 and 117, respectively. The up-regulated genes JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) and HSPC154 were confirmed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Conclusions The OC3/TAX300 cell line is an ideal model to investigate the mechanism of TAX resistance. Taxol resistance in this cell could be related to overexpression of P-gp and the change of cell cycle profiles. The differential expression genes of JAK2 and HSPC154 may be candidate genes associated with TAX resistance in ovarian carcinoma cell lines.

2022-12-18T05:01:49.168Z

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is usually secreted as a large latent complex associated with latent TGF-beta binding protein-1 (LTBP-1), which is known to bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Although the LTBP-ECM interaction has been suggested to play a role in the activation and biological action of TGF-beta, the precise mechanism is still unclear. In glomerular hypertension mesangial cells are believed to perceive the increased cyclic strain and we have recently reported that cyclic mechanical stretch in vitro enhances the expression of ECM components via an autocrine/paracrine secretion of TGF-beta in cultured rat mesangial cells. Therefore, in this study we examined the role of LTBP-1 in the stretch-induced, TGF-beta-mediated ECM expression. Mesangial cells expressed mRNA for short and long forms of LTBP-1 (LTBP-1S and LTBP-1L, respectively). Mesangial cells were subjected to cyclic stretch to provide a maximal elongation of 20% at a rate of 60 cycles/min for 24 to 36 hours in the presence of polyclonal antibody raised against human LTBP-1 or synthetic oligopeptides corresponding to the N-terminal portions of human LTBP-1, which may work as competitive inhibitors against the LTBP-ECM association. Both anti-LTBP-1 antibody (Ab39) and synthetic oligopeptides inhibited the stretch-induced mRNA expression of type I collagen and fibronectin in a dose-dependent manner, but the inhibition by Ab39 or the oligopeptides was recovered by adding recombinant TGF-beta. Ab39 or the oligopeptides did not change the effect of exogenously added TGF-beta, such as growth-inhibition in mink lung epithelial cells. These results suggest that mesangial cells secrete TGF-beta as a large latent complex, and the LTBP-ECM interaction may be a pivotal step in TGF-beta action and ECM accumulation, providing a new therapeutic strategy against progression of glomerulosclerosis and other fibrotic diseases.

2022-12-20T21:50:22.703Z

Objective: To determine whether adverse psychosocial and individual psychological factors increase the risk of pain across regional sites. Methods: A prospective study was conducted of newly employed workers from 12 diverse occupational groups. Near to the beginning of subjects’ employment, details of work related psychosocial factors and individual psychological distress were obtained by means of a self completed questionnaire. Questionnaire follow up after 12 months provided data on these same exposures and ascertained pain at any of four anatomical sites: the low back, shoulder, wrist/forearm, and knee. Results: Of the original 1081 subjects, 829 (77%) provided full details at the one year follow up. Psychosocial work demands and high levels of individual psychological distress were found to have a common effect across sites. Psychological distress was associated with a doubling of the risk of reported pain (odds ratio = 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 2.7), while aspects of job demand, poor support from colleagues, and work dissatisfaction were all associated with increased odds of reported pain onset of between 1.4 and 1.7. These effects were almost all common across the four regional pain sites. Conclusions: In cohorts of newly employed workers, certain work related psychosocial factors and individual psychological distress are associated with the subsequent reporting of musculoskeletal pain, and generally this effect is common across anatomical sites.

2022-12-28T20:19:14.905Z

Abstract During January and February 2004, an interdisciplinary group from the Institute of Developing Countries at the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies of Warsaw University spent time at the Farafra Oasis in Egypt, observing changes in resource management and transformations in the society. The aim was to compare the results with those of earlier studies conducted in 1993.

2022-12-30T00:58:10.876Z

Trophic dynamics between lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and cisco (Coregonus artedii) were examined in a set of 10 northwestern Ontario lakes that ranged in conductivity by nearly an order of magnitude. Diets revealed the possibility of interspecific competition for invertebrate prey prior to initiation of piscivory by lake trout at approximately 200 mm fork length (FL). Von Bertalanffy growth equations (based on otolith ages) were used to estimate time to attain this length (1.4–3.0 yr). Contrary to anticipated results, lake trout reached this size more rapidly in lakes with high cisco abundance. Presumably, this relationship was caused by improved food conditions for young trout in some of the more productive waterbodies. However, after removing the collinearity between lake conductivity and nonpiscivorous growth by regression analysis, there was no relationship between the time for lake trout to reach 200 mm and cisco abundance. Piscivorous growth varied (L∞ = 508 to 740 mm) extensively among the 10...

2022-09-10T20:29:04.897Z

OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of different microenvironments on melanoma vasculogenic mimicry, invasiveness and metastasis behavior. METHODS It was an experimental study. Sixty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups with 30 mice per group. Melanoma B16 cells were injected into the subretinal space and groin area of mice synchronously. The number of each type of microcirculation pattern was counted. The invasion and metastasis were observed. EphA2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and their mRNA levels were detected by immunohistochemical staining and real time RT-PCR and compared between two groups. RESULTS Five invasions and six lung metastases were found in the subretinal group while no invasion and metastasis were found in the groin group. The number of VM channels was significantly higher in subretinal group (t = 4. 188, P = 0.000). However, no significant difference of mosaic vessel and endothelium-dependent vessel was observed between two groups (t = 1.473, 1.805; P = 0.146, 0.076, respectively). EphA2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was significantly higher in the subretinal group (data not shown). The mRNA levels of EphA2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were rather higher in the subretinal tumor (t = 3.642, 8.109, 9.357; P = 0.002, 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). There was a positive association in melanoma cells of the VM between expression of EphA2 (r = 0.412, P = 0.021) but no statistically significant correlation between VM and MMP-2 (P > 0.05), nor between VM and MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS Different microenvironments affect invasiveness and blood supply patterns of melanoma. Melanoma cells in intraocular microenvironment increased EphA2 expression which induced the formation of VM channels. Moreover, the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor tissue increased to enhance the invasiveness and metastasis behavior.

2022-12-12T22:14:05.466Z

While there is no questioning the significance of the changes that Baker describes, his characterization of at least some of them as revolutionary is somewhat problematic. Not only did the changes constitute far less than a paradigmatic shift, but the changes that did occur took place over an extended period of time. Baker’s “revolution” in the land law and the law and practice of real actions (719), for example, occurred over the course of the entire fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, while the “procedural revolution” that resulted in the greater determination of legal principle in banc (445) spanned the three quarters of a century. It makes sense that the transformation of a legal system claiming custom as its foundation would proceed gradually and that even fundamental changes would take years to unfold. Sir Edward Coke may have used conservative language to disguise the real changes that took place in English law during the early modern period, but there was plenty of continuity to give substance to his rhetoric of immutability. It is a tribute to the depth and balance of Baker’s scholarship that throughout this volume he devotes as much attention to these less dazzling continuities as to the legal transformation that provides the unifying theme of the book.

2022-12-14T02:22:48.958Z

Segundo o “Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas” (IPCC), criado em 1988 sob a chancela da Organização Meteorológica Mundial e do Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio Ambiente, mudança ou alteração climática é uma variação a longo prazo, à escala da vida humana, estatisticamente significativa, dos parâmetros climáticos (temperatura, precipitação, ventos, nebulosidade e outros fenómenos climáticos) relativamente às médias históricas. Assim, entende-se que as alterações climáticas se referem à variação do clima à escala global, ou dos climas regionais da Terra durante um período que pode ir de décadas a milhões de anos.

2022-02-07T21:35:29.989Z

While Timor-Leste’s cosmologies and western philosophy may seem worlds apart, in this chapter I draw on the work of Karen Barad (2003), Tim Ingold (2011, 2015) and Marilyn Strathern (1996) to explore approaches to the materiality of different ‘resources’ in Timor-Leste. By interrogating particular cosmological understandings of water, stone and metal, my aim is to shed light on locally differential attitudes towards modernist development practices – in this case, a cement mine and factory. My argument unfolds by triangulating a discussion of cosmology, landscape and ancestral relations to make connections with, and build a narrative account of, a number of ritual prescriptions and proscriptions involving metals. In this discussion, I focus on the movement and flows of relations that are associated with, and are potentially cut off by, various agencies entangled with metallurgical matter. I ask what all this means for the authorisation of the ongoing activities involved in the creation and use of metals and other hardened objects. By the chapter’s end, I draw

2022-02-09T06:16:14.538Z

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between positive lymph node ratio (PLNR) and postoperative distant metastasis and prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients and Methods: 167 ESCC patients with regional lymph node metastasis, who underwent radical esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy at the Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital between October 2005 and December 2010, were enrolled in this study. The prognostic value of PLNR was calculated by univariate Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model analysis. Results: After a median follow-up time of 34 months, 88 (52.7%) of the 167 patients had distant metastasis and 76 (45.5%) had died. Patients with a PLNR of less than 0.15 had a 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rate of 33.3% while those with a PLNR greater than 0.15 had a 5-year DMFS rate of 25.5% (log-rank test, p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis indicated that a PLNR > 0.15 was an independent poor prognostic factor for DMFS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-3.05) and overall survival (OS) (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.26-3.43). This analysis was adjusted for patient age, sex, smoking behavior, and pT stage. Conclusion: The PLNR is an independent prognostic factor for predicting postoperative distant metastasis and prognosis in ESCC, and patients with a PLNR ≤ 0.15 have better OS.

2022-02-12T20:48:39.150Z

Decreased school funding could have devastated the language program at several Connecticut high schools, but a partnership with a local cable com pany provided the technology to expand the program.

2022-02-09T06:49:13.047Z

Tariq Alwada’n 1 , Adel Hamdan 1 , Thair Khdour 2 and Bilal Zahran 3 . 1. Computer Science Department, the World Islamic Science and Education University. Jordan. 2. Prince Abdulah Ben Ghazi Faculty of Information Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University. Jordan. 3. Computer Engineering Department, Al-Balqa Applied University. Jordan ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History

2022-02-09T16:15:19.037Z

T growing problem of childhood obesity brings with it a less well-known problem that can have serious ramifications for overweight children. To assess this problem a study was conducted to evaluate healthy school children of Aligarh city to examine the association between obesity and high blood pressure (BP) in school children. 701 school going children between 12 and 16 years of age group of both sexes were selected among all the 4500 children from selected four government and private schools by stratified random sampling. The weight (kg) was taken by a standardized weighing machine while height was measured using a calibrated bar. For diagnosing obesity, the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken by a mercury sphygmomanometer. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure over the 95th percentile. The distribution of blood pressure by anthropometric characteristic was examined. Mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient was used for statistical analysis. The prevalence of high blood pressure was 9.4%. Out of 363 boys, 34 (9.36%) and out 338 girls 32 (9.46%) had high blood pressure. Risks of being overweight and excess weight were identified, respectively, in 6.41% and 2.13% of the children. High blood pressure was significantly more frequent among overweight children (26.66%) and among obese children (60%). The correlation between obesity and hypertension was statistically significant (p<0.01). It is concluded that obesity in childhood has a significant association with hypertension. Both together may be risk factor in childhood can have enormous potential pay-off. Anisa M. Durrani, J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2013, 3:7 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.S1.010

2022-02-10T00:11:59.682Z

INTRODUCTION all of these findings is consistently present in all patients with the disorder (Sampson and Warner Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threat1999). Signs of the syndrome range from tremor ening adverse drug reaction that results from and diarrhea in mild cases to delirium, neurotherapeutic drug use, intentional self-poisoning muscular rigidity and hypertherrnia in life threator inadvertent interactions between drugs. ening cases. Although, serotonin syndrome can cause death, the condition is mild in most persons, and with EPIDEMIOLOGY supportive care alone they tend to recover Performing a rigorous epidemiological completely. Serotonin syndrome, 1 " described in assessment of serotonin syndromc however i h animal models in 1950s, was referred to as the difficult, since more than 85% of physicians arc 'serotonin behavioural' or 'hyperactivity synunaware of serotonin syndrome as a clinical drome' (Martio1996) Death an 18yr. padiagnosis. In '2002, tixic exposure survrillallce named Zion in New~ork more which receives case descriptions horn than 20 Yrs. 'go, which resulted from '0adoffice based practices, inpatient settings, alld ministration of meperidine and phenelzine reemergency departments, reported 26,733 mains the most widely recognized and dramatic incidences or exposure to SSRI's that caused example of this preventable conditions (Asch and significant toxic effects in 7349 resulted Parker 1 988). Serotonill Sylldrome is critical to in 93 deaths ( ~ ~ b i ~ t ~ ~ et 2004, wdtson et understand as full-fledged disorder, as it is not 2003). The syndrome occurs approximately an idiopathic drug reaction or resulting froni ex14 to 16% of persons who overdose on SSRI's. cess serotonergic agonisln of CNS receptors and Post marketing surveillance studies on therripeuperipheral serotonergic receptors (Sternbach tic drug dosing. had identified an incidence of 1991). Also excess serotonin produces a spec0.4 cases per 1000 patient, who were taking trum of clinical findings. nefazodone (Mackay et al 1999).

2022-08-28T10:39:10.105Z

The emphasis on understanding the human brain and its functioning has been captivating since ages. Rising to this challenge, it gives us an insight of who we are. Significant and profound research is taking place in medical field to understand the structure and functioning of the brain in micro detailing aspect. There are many techniques and methodologies used in the study and diagnosis of brain ailments. ICT has proven to be a strong and supportive hand in this field for better understanding and analysis. In this paper the role of ICT in the field of neuro-sciences has been elaborated.

2022-09-06T06:08:54.091Z

The male sex‐determining gene, DMY, of the medaka is considered to have arisen via gene duplication of DMRT1. In the medaka, both genes are expressed in Sertoli cell lineage cells, but their temporal expression patterns are quite different. DMY expression starts just before the sex‐determining period, whereas DMRT1 expression occurs during the testicular differentiation period. To evaluate the alterations to the expression patterns of the DMRT1 genes after duplication, we analyzed the morphological gonadal sex differentiation processes and expression patterns of DMRT1 in Oryzias luzonensis and Oryzias mekongensis, which are closely related to the medaka but do not have DMY. Male‐specific upregulation of DMRT1 in these two species occurred during the testicular differentiation period, similar to the case for DMRT1 in the medaka. These findings suggest that DMY acquired a novel temporal expression pattern after duplication and that this event played a critical role in the evolutionary process of this gene. genesis 46:719–723, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

2022-12-28T15:52:30.128Z

This research is motivated by students lack understanding the concepts in the subject matter of a the rectangular for example, completing the area and circumference of the rectangular, because the material is presentad using the lecture method and only on certain materials using student discussion groups. The aim of the study was to determine validit, practicality and the trajectory design of the learning trajectory through a realistic mathematical education approach to the subject of rectangular at SMP N 6 Padangsidimpuan. This research is a design research with a type of validation study thet aims to develop local interaction theory (LIT) with collaboration between researches and educators to improve the quality of learning. This research was conducted at SMP N 6 Padangsidimpuan with trial subjects in class VII-2, totaling 31 students. The instrument of collecting data thet used is validation sheets, questionnaires, observations, and using validity and practical analysis techniques. The result of this study indicated thet the learning trajectory through a realistic mathematical education approach is said to be very valid and very practical. The vlidity of the learning trajectory is indicated by a value of 86,98% from analiyzing 3 validators. The practicality of the learning trajectory is shown by 82,71% of the student response questionnaire and observations. The learning trajectory produced in this study is in the form of activities carried out by students to achieve learning goals, where the purpose of the learning is to understanding of rectangular, types of rectangular, properties of rectangular, and circumference and area of rectangular.

2022-01-24T19:39:00.256Z

On the surface of the Earth, methan is usually located in undermined areas, especially in places where the mining was stopped already. The protection of buildings from methan coming out of bedrock can be provided by layer isolation made of suitable type of polymer foil. The entry deals with the matter of designing the isolation against penetrating methan coming out of bedrock into surface line buildings (e.g. shaft, reservoir, water tower etc.).

2022-02-10T05:52:29.445Z

Interviewer: Tilli Tansey Transcriber: Debra Gee Editors: Emma M. Jones, Tilli Tansey, Apostolos Zarros Date of publication: 08-Jun-2016 Date and place of interview: 04-Nov-2015; Queen Mary University of London Publisher: Queen Mary University of London Collection: History of Modern Biomedicine Interviews (Digital Collection) Reference: e2016009 Number of pages: 21 DOI: 10.17636/01012731 Acknowledgments: The project management of Mr Adam Wilkinson and the technical support of Mr Alan Yabsley are gratefully acknowledged. The History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group is funded by the Wellcome Trust, which is a registered charity (no. 210183). The current interview has been funded by the Wellcome Trust Strategic Award entitled “Makers of modern biomedicine: testimonies and legacy” (2012-2017; awarded to Professor Tilli Tansey).

2022-02-11T04:26:22.572Z

Abstrak Resistensi kuman terhadap antibiotika sangat dipengaruhi oleh intensitas pemaparan antibiotika. Penggunaan antibiotika yang tidak rasional pada penyakit diare cenderung akan meningkatkan resistensi kuman yang semula sensitif. Perkembangan resistensi kuman terhadap antibiotika perlu dipantau agar dalam pengobatan penyakit diare dengan antibiotika dapat dilakukan pemilihan obat yang tepat. Untuk mengetahui pola resistensi kuman terhadap antibiotika pada pasien diare yang dirawat di bangsal IKA RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang dari Januari-Desember 2008. Data penelitian diperoleh dari catatan medik pasien diare yang dirawat di bangsal IKA dan dilakukan kultur dan sensitivitas dari sampel feses. Dilakukan uji resistensi terhadap kuman yang terdeteksi dengan antibiotika Ampisilin (Amp), Tetrasiklin (TE), Sulfametoxazole-Trimetoprim (STX), sebagai antibiotik ang paling banyak digunakan pada pasien diare. Dari hasil uji kultur dan sensitivitas pada 173 sampel feses didapatkan 3 jenis kuman yang terbanyak yaitu E.Coli sebanyak 92 (51.4%), Klebsiela sp 30 (16.8%), dan kuman Enterobacter sp 28 (15.6%). Resistensi kuman E.Coli terhadap antibotika AMP sebesar 53.3%, terhadap TE 67.4% dan terhadap STX 87%. Resistensi kuman Klebsiela sp terhadap antibiotika AMP sebesar 46%, terhadap TE 40% dan terhadap STX 73.3%. Dan resistensi kuman Enterobacter sp terhadap antibotika AMP sebesar 64.3%, terhadap TE 75% dan terhadap STX 82,1%. Kuman penyebab diare menunjukkan resistensi yang tinggi terhadap Sulfametoxazole-Trimetoprim (STX). Kata kunci. resistensi, antibiotika, diare Abstract Microorganisme resistance against antibiotic is highly influenced by intensity of antibiotics exposure. Irrational use of antibiotics in diarrhea tends to increase resistance of previously sensitive microorganism. Monitoring in antibiotics development resistance is required to achieve appropriate diarrhea therapy. ARTIKEL PENELITIAN 42 To assess microorganism resistance pattern against antibiotics in diarrhea patients hospitalized at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital pediatric ward from January – December 2008. Study data obtained from culture of feces of diarrhea patients hospitalized in pediatric ward. Resistance test were performed using antibiotics Ampicillin (Amp), tetracycline (TE), sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT), as the 3 most common antibiotic used for diarrhea. There were 173 feces samples performed culture and sensitivity test. Three microorganism species found frequently were E. coli (92; 51.4%), Klebsiella sp. (30; 16.8%), Enterobacter sp. (28; 15.6%). E. coli resistance to AMP were 53.3%, TE 67.4%, and SXT 87%. Resistance of Klebsiella sp. to AMP 46.7%, TE 40%, and SXT 73.3%. Enterobacter sp. resistance were 64.3%, 75%, and 82.1%, respectively. Sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim was the highest resistance antibiotics against microorganism in acute diarrhea patients. Keywords : resistance, antibiotics, diarrhea

2022-05-30T01:40:54.824Z

めまいの原因としては様々なものがあるが,頸 性めまいについては未だに多くの議論がある。し Cervical vertigo is known as vertigo due to a neck problem. However cervical vertigo remains controversial because there are neither reliable tests nor recognized signs. Supporters of cervical vertigo insist that it is the most common vertigo syndrome. Additionally, some studies demonstrated that stimuli applied to the neck induced nystagmus and dizziness. To date, pathophysiologically four different hypothetical mechanisms have been attributed to cervical vertigo: (1) sympathetic dysfunction; (2) proprioceptive dysfunction; (3) rotational vertebral artery compression (Bow hunter’s syndrome); and (4) overlap with migraine associated vertigo. However there are no established tests to diagnose cervical vertigo and diagnosis mostly depends on the patient’s past history or subjective complaint such as neck pain. Therefore vestibular or other neurological diseases must be excluded first. Treatment should be specified according to the cause of cervical vertigo. For sympathetic dysfunction due to cervical spondylosis, decompression therapy such as cervical disc decompression might be effective. Physical therapy is reported to be useful for proprioceptive cervical vertigo. In the case of cervical vertigo due to vertebral artery compression, conservative management, decompression surgery and endovascular therapy are major treatment methods. In the future, cervical vertigo is expected to increase due to the expansion of the use of electronic devices such as smartphones. Appropriate clinical examinations and diagnostic criteria should be established urgently. シリーズ教育講座「原著から今日まで ―代表的疾患の変遷―」

2022-07-09T12:35:50.027Z