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  2. json/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion.json +983 -0
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json/2022_AFL_Grand_Final.json ADDED
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+ {
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+ "title": "2022_AFL_Grand_Final",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_AFL_Grand_Final",
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+ "summary": "The 2022 AFL Grand Final was an Australian rules football match contested between Geelong and the Sydney Swans at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 24 September 2022. It was the 127th grand final of the Australian Football League (AFL), staged to determine the premiers of the 2022 AFL season. The match, attended by 100,024 spectators, was won by Geelong by a margin of 81 points, marking the club's tenth VFL/AFL premiership. Isaac Smith of Geelong won the Norm Smith Medal as the player judged best on ground.",
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+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Background",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Geelong entered their 2022 campaign after a heavy defeat in the 2021 preliminary finals against eventual premiers Melbourne",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Cats were inconsistent early in the season, opening with five wins and four losses, but did not lose again for the remainder of the home-and-away season, earning their second minor premiership in four seasons with 18 wins and four losses",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Geelong then defeated Collingwood by six points in their qualifying final and thrashed the Brisbane Lions by 71 points in the first preliminary final",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It was Geelong's second grand final appearance in three years",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Sydney had been eliminated in 2021 after a one-point defeat against local rivals Greater Western Sydney in their elimination final",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Swans built on this, improving to finish third on the ladder with 16 wins and six losses",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "They defeated reigning premiers Melbourne by 22 points in the second qualifying final, then in the preliminary final withstood a late rally by Collingwood to win by one point, returning to the grand final for the first time since 2016",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The two teams met only once in the home-and-away season, in Round 2 at the Sydney Cricket Ground",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In a game made memorable by Lance Franklin's 1000th career goal, Sydney won by 30 points",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "This was the sixth time the teams had met in VFL/AFL finals, including twice before South Melbourne's relocation to Sydney, and the first time in a grand final",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Their most recent finals encounter was in a 2017 semi-final, which was Geelong's only previous finals victory against the Swans",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Prior to the formation of the VFL/AFL, the clubs had also previously met in the Victorian Football Association's \"Match of the Century\", which had decided the 1886 premiership in Geelong's favour.",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20170913000513/http://www.afl.com.au/match-centre/2017/25/geel-v-syd"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Both clubs entered the game in strong form and on long winning streaks, Geelong having won its last fifteen games, and Sydney having won its last nine games",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Geelong was the strong favourite, the TAB offering odds of $1.47 for a Geelong victory against Sydney's $2.70 on game day",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.codesports.com.au/bet/afl/tips/geelongsydney-2022-afl-grand-final-what-the-firstlook-odds-tell-us/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Melbourne Cricket Ground hosted the grand final for the first time since 2019, with the 2020 and 2021 editions previously being held at Brisbane's The Gabba and Perth's Optus Stadium respectively, due to the COVID-19 pandemic",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The capacity crowd of 100,024 was the largest at a VFL/AFL game since 1986.",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/24/geelong-eviscerate-sydney-swans-by-81-points-in-afl-grand-final-win-for-the-ages"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "section_title": "Ceremonies and entertainment",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
87
+ "section_title": "Parade",
88
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
90
+ "sentence": "The annual Grand Final Parade returned to Melbourne for the first time since 2019 on the Friday before the Grand Final",
91
+ "refs": []
92
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The novel parade included the players travelling along the Yarra River on barges before the players boarded utes and travelled through Yarra Park; their journey concluded north of the Melbourne Cricket Ground",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Yarra River portion of the parade was criticised by many due to bad viewing angles from the banks of the river as well as the boats turning around before reaching Princes Bridge, where many fans had gathered in order to have a good view",
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+ "refs": [
100
+ "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-23/grand-final-parade-route-afl-geelong-cats-sydney-swans/101456510"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "On-field events",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
110
+ "sentence": "All times are in Australian Eastern Standard Time (GMT +10)",
111
+ "refs": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "sentence": "The Premiership Cup was brought onto the ground by Cameron Ling, a member of Geelong's last three premiership teams in 2007, 2009 and 2011, and former Sydney captain Paul Kelly",
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+ "refs": []
116
+ },
117
+ {
118
+ "sentence": "Ling presented coach Chris Scott and captain Joel Selwood the cup after the match.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "sentence": "Selwood carried Levi Ablett through Geelong's banner as the Cats took the field",
123
+ "refs": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "sentence": "Levi is the son of Gary Ablett Jr., who attended the game having been a dual premiership player with Geelong in 2007 and 2009 when he also won the Brownlow Medal, and grandson of Cats and Victoria forward Gary Ablett Sr.; Levi had been diagnosed with a rare degenerative disease that left him mute",
127
+ "refs": []
128
+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
131
+ }
132
+ ]
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+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "section_title": "Match summary",
136
+ "section_content": [],
137
+ "subsections": [
138
+ {
139
+ "section_title": "First quarter",
140
+ "section_content": [
141
+ {
142
+ "sentence": "Geelong veteran Tom Hawkins kicked the first behind in the opening minute of the match",
143
+ "refs": []
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "sentence": "Geelong dominated play and territory through the first ten minutes while Sydney managed to hold them out from scoring again, until the tenth minute, when Hawkins snatched the ball straight out of a boundary throw-in ruck contest and snapped the opening goal",
147
+ "refs": []
148
+ },
149
+ {
150
+ "sentence": "Five minutes later, Hawkins scored his second goal in exactly the same way, and Geelong led by 13 points",
151
+ "refs": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "sentence": "Sydney won the ensuing centre clearance, ending with Will Hayward scored Sydney's first goal from a crumbing snap shot in the 17th minute",
155
+ "refs": [
156
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632e927f8f0822acf24f5b52&filterKeyEvents=false"
157
+ ]
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "sentence": "Thereafter, Geelong dominated the quarter",
161
+ "refs": [
162
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632e927f8f0822acf24f5b52&filterKeyEvents=false"
163
+ ]
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "sentence": "The Cats kicked three goals in the next five minutes: Mark Blicavs (19th minute) with a set shot from 25m, and Isaac Smith (20th minute and 22nd minute) with two crumbed goals on the run",
167
+ "refs": []
168
+ },
169
+ {
170
+ "sentence": "Geelong generated six more shots in the quarter, for 1.4 (10), only Brad Close managing to kick a goal from a 40m set shot in the 27th minute",
171
+ "refs": []
172
+ },
173
+ {
174
+ "sentence": "When quarter time sounded, Geelong led 6.5 (41) to Sydney's 1.0 (6)",
175
+ "refs": []
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "sentence": "Geelong's score and leading margin at that point were both the largest any team had achieved in a grand final since the 1989",
179
+ "refs": []
180
+ },
181
+ {
182
+ "sentence": "All statistics skewed heavily in Geelong's favour, with a 48\u201329 advantage in contested possessions, an inside-50 tally of 20\u20138, and triple Sydney's marks",
183
+ "refs": []
184
+ },
185
+ {
186
+ "sentence": "Joel Selwood was Geelong's leading disposal winner, with 12; while the tactical decision to play Sam De Koning as a loose defender drifting onto the wing had been particularly influential in Geelong's effectively preventing Sydney from advancing the ball",
187
+ "refs": [
188
+ "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/mick-malthouse-how-geelong-broke-down-sydney-in-grand-final/news-story/d288301167d6d1f5eb03b1b3f4c54211",
189
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/24/geelong-eviscerate-sydney-swans-by-81-points-in-afl-grand-final-win-for-the-ages"
190
+ ]
191
+ }
192
+ ],
193
+ "subsections": []
194
+ },
195
+ {
196
+ "section_title": "Second quarter",
197
+ "section_content": [
198
+ {
199
+ "sentence": "Sydney won the opening centre clearance, ending with a behind to Lance Franklin",
200
+ "refs": []
201
+ },
202
+ {
203
+ "sentence": "But, Geelong rebounded and again dominated the territory, at one stage enjoying a run of recording 18 out of 19 consecutive inside-50s",
204
+ "refs": []
205
+ },
206
+ {
207
+ "sentence": "Over the next eight minutes, Geelong managed 1.2 (8), Tyson Stengle kicking the goal from a 50m set shot in the 5th minute",
208
+ "refs": []
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "sentence": "Thereafter, Sydney's competitiveness improved, and the balance of the quarter was much more even, with many repeat stoppages and ruck contests, and Sydney's run-and-carry game getting started",
212
+ "refs": []
213
+ },
214
+ {
215
+ "sentence": "After winning the ball from a free kick, Sydney kicked deep to Hayden McLean who marked one-handed in the goal square and kicked Sydney's second goal in the 9th minute",
216
+ "refs": [
217
+ "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4773"
218
+ ]
219
+ },
220
+ {
221
+ "sentence": "In the 17th minute, Hawkins won a free kick in a one-on-one marking contest and kicked his third goal",
222
+ "refs": []
223
+ },
224
+ {
225
+ "sentence": "In the 20th minute, Callum Mills kicked a long goal for Sydney from 50m",
226
+ "refs": []
227
+ },
228
+ {
229
+ "sentence": "The ensuing centre clearance was won by Geelong and ended with a mark to Stengle, who kicked his second goal from a 40m set shot",
230
+ "refs": []
231
+ },
232
+ {
233
+ "sentence": "After turning over a kick-in, Isaac Heeney kicked a goal from a tight angle for Sydney in the 27th minute",
234
+ "refs": []
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "sentence": "It was the last score of the quarter, and at half time Geelong had extended its quarter time lead by one point, Geelong 9.8 (62) to Sydney 4.2 (26)",
238
+ "refs": []
239
+ },
240
+ {
241
+ "sentence": "Patrick Dangerfield was a dominant force in the centre for Geelong through the first half, winning several centre clearances which set up Geelong scoring opportunities",
242
+ "refs": []
243
+ }
244
+ ],
245
+ "subsections": []
246
+ },
247
+ {
248
+ "section_title": "Third quarter",
249
+ "section_content": [
250
+ {
251
+ "sentence": "Geelong opened the third quarter with three goals in six minutes: the first went to Mitch Duncan from a 15m set shot in the 2nd minute, after winning a holding the ball free kick against Tom McCartin; the second went to Close in the 4th minute from a 15m set shot, after he intercepted a poor short pass across the face of goal by Tom McCartin; and the third was by Smith from a 50m shot",
252
+ "refs": []
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "sentence": "This opening flurry of goals extended Geelong's advantage to 54 points, all but securing the premiership",
256
+ "refs": []
257
+ },
258
+ {
259
+ "sentence": "During this period, Sydney's Sam Reid was substituted out of the game and Braeden Campbell came on",
260
+ "refs": [
261
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632ea2f58f0822acf24f5b8d&filterKeyEvents=false"
262
+ ]
263
+ },
264
+ {
265
+ "sentence": "Sydney's only shot on goal for the quarter came in the tenth minute, and was rushed through for a behind",
266
+ "refs": [
267
+ "https://www.afl.com.au/news/850185/swans-decision-to-play-key-forward-costly-as-reid-subbed-out"
268
+ ]
269
+ },
270
+ {
271
+ "sentence": "Geelong continued to dominate, adding a further 3.3 (21), with goals to Cam Guthrie from a holding the ball free kick in the 12th minute, and to Stengle in the 18th and 21st minutes.",
272
+ "refs": []
273
+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "sentence": "At three quarter time, Geelong's lead was an insurmountable 74 points: Geelong 15.11 (101) vs Sydney 4.3 (27)",
276
+ "refs": []
277
+ },
278
+ {
279
+ "sentence": "Geelong once again completely dominated territory (71% time in forward half) and contested ball for the quarter",
280
+ "refs": [
281
+ "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4773"
282
+ ]
283
+ },
284
+ {
285
+ "sentence": "Dangerfield contributed significantly to Geelong's drive, with ten disposals and three clearances",
286
+ "refs": [
287
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632ea2f58f0822acf24f5b8d&filterKeyEvents=false",
288
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?filterKeyEvents=false",
289
+ "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/2022/091620220924.html"
290
+ ]
291
+ }
292
+ ],
293
+ "subsections": []
294
+ },
295
+ {
296
+ "section_title": "Final quarter",
297
+ "section_content": [
298
+ {
299
+ "sentence": "With the result beyond doubt, the final quarter was played with lesser intensity but still at a lively pace, Geelong kicking five goals to Sydney's four",
300
+ "refs": []
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "sentence": "Goals were scored by Sydney's Chad Warner (6th minute); Geelong's Jeremy Cameron (7th minute); Geelong's Brandan Parfitt, who was substituted into the game for Cam Guthrie in the 15th minute, then crumbed a goal in the 16th minute; Sydney's Paddy McCartin (17th minute); De Koning (20th minute), who marked a Dangerfield snap shot on the goal line and kicked the first goal of his 24-game career; Warner (22nd minute) with a 70m long bomb; Geelong captain Joel Selwood (25th minute); Cameron (27th minute); and Sydney's Tom Papley (30th minute)",
304
+ "refs": []
305
+ },
306
+ {
307
+ "sentence": "The final score was Geelong 20.13 (133), Sydney 8.4 (52)",
308
+ "refs": [
309
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?filterKeyEvents=false"
310
+ ]
311
+ }
312
+ ],
313
+ "subsections": []
314
+ },
315
+ {
316
+ "section_title": "Overall",
317
+ "section_content": [
318
+ {
319
+ "sentence": "Geelong had a statistical dominance throughout the game, particularly in the first and third quarters",
320
+ "refs": []
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "sentence": "Most starkly demonstrating Geelong's advantage it won: the inside-50s count 63\u201332; contested possessions 151\u2013110; total disposals 395\u2013304; time in forward half 65%\u201335%",
324
+ "refs": [
325
+ "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/2022/091620220924.html"
326
+ ]
327
+ },
328
+ {
329
+ "sentence": "Sydney won slightly more clearances (37\u201333), but Geelong's clearances were won more cleanly, such that Geelong lost possession after only one of its clearances compared with Sydney's 17, and led scores from stoppages 65\u201315",
330
+ "refs": [
331
+ "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4773",
332
+ "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/2022/091620220924.html",
333
+ "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/mick-malthouse-how-geelong-broke-down-sydney-in-grand-final/news-story/d288301167d6d1f5eb03b1b3f4c54211"
334
+ ]
335
+ },
336
+ {
337
+ "sentence": "Sydney's rebound game was completely nullified by Geelong's strong marking and ground ball contests through its half-forward and centre-line, allowing Geelong repeat forward 50 entries throughout the game",
338
+ "refs": []
339
+ }
340
+ ],
341
+ "subsections": []
342
+ },
343
+ {
344
+ "section_title": "Norm Smith Medal",
345
+ "section_content": [
346
+ {
347
+ "sentence": "Geelong winger Isaac Smith, who had a game-high 32 disposals, a game-high 772 metres gained on the ground, three goals and 14 total score involvements to be responsible for much of Geelong's attacking play, received the Norm Smith Medal, polling 14 out of a possible 15 votes",
348
+ "refs": []
349
+ },
350
+ {
351
+ "sentence": "At age 33, he was the oldest recipient of the accolade in its history",
352
+ "refs": []
353
+ },
354
+ {
355
+ "sentence": "2002 Norm Smith Medallist Nathan Buckley presented the medal.",
356
+ "refs": [
357
+ "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-24/isaac-smith-norm-smith-medal-patrick-dangerfield-geelong-afl/101471748"
358
+ ]
359
+ },
360
+ {
361
+ "sentence": "Midfielder Patrick Dangerfield was second with 10 votes; his nine clearances \u2013 many won cleanly and at speed from centre bounces \u2013 and 19 contested possessions launched many Geelong scores from stoppages",
362
+ "refs": []
363
+ },
364
+ {
365
+ "sentence": "Small forward Tyson Stengle, who was the leading goalkicker with 4.1, polled four votes",
366
+ "refs": [
367
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?filterKeyEvents=false"
368
+ ]
369
+ },
370
+ {
371
+ "sentence": "Tall defender Sam De Koning, whose work intercepting Sydney rebounds in the centre of the ground contributed significantly to Geelong's territorial advantage; and ruck/midfielder Mark Blicavs, with 14 contested possessions, 15 hit-outs and a team-high eight tackles \u2013 each polled one vote",
372
+ "refs": []
373
+ },
374
+ {
375
+ "sentence": "Among the other top performing Geelong players who did not poll votes were Tom Hawkins (scored 3.4, including the opening two goals), Joel Selwood (26 disposals), Rhys Stanley (27 hitouts), Jake Kolodjashnij (nullified Sydney's Isaac Heeney), Mitch Duncan (27 disposals), Brad Close (18 disposals, two goals) and Cameron Guthrie (16 disposals)",
376
+ "refs": []
377
+ },
378
+ {
379
+ "sentence": "Very few Sydney players were considered to have had good games: midfielders Chad Warner (29 disposals, 10 clearances) and James Rowbottom (16 disposals, 8 clearances) and defender Robbie Fox (nullified Jeremy Cameron until the final quarter) considered the Swans' best",
380
+ "refs": []
381
+ }
382
+ ],
383
+ "subsections": []
384
+ }
385
+ ]
386
+ },
387
+ {
388
+ "section_title": "Teams",
389
+ "section_content": [
390
+ {
391
+ "sentence": "Geelong's starting 22 made one change from its preliminary final team",
392
+ "refs": []
393
+ },
394
+ {
395
+ "sentence": "Wingman Max Holmes, who was substituted out of the preliminary final with a hamstring injury, was included in Thursday's selected team, but was omitted on the morning of the game; he was replaced in the 22 by preliminary final medical substitute Mark O\u2019Connor, and Brandan Parfitt came into the 23 as substitute",
396
+ "refs": []
397
+ },
398
+ {
399
+ "sentence": "Playing his 40th final, Geelong captain Joel Selwood surpassed Michael Tuck's record for most career VFL/AFL finals, and he became Geelong's only four-time VFL/AFL premiership player",
400
+ "refs": [
401
+ "https://www.aap.com.au/news/oconnor-called-into-cats-afl-gf-team/",
402
+ "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/alltime/misc_players.html#09"
403
+ ]
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "sentence": "The grand final was ultimately Selwood's last game, as he retired less than a week later",
407
+ "refs": []
408
+ },
409
+ {
410
+ "sentence": "With an average age of 28 years and 206 days, Geelong's grand final 23 set the record for the oldest selected team in any VFL/AFL game, grand final or otherwise, 67 days older than any previous team",
411
+ "refs": []
412
+ },
413
+ {
414
+ "sentence": "Zach Tuohy and Mark O'Connor became only the second and third Irish players to win an AFL title, after Tadhg Kennelly in 2005",
415
+ "refs": [
416
+ "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/alltime/misc.html#age"
417
+ ]
418
+ },
419
+ {
420
+ "sentence": "Sydney made one change to its preliminary final 22, with Logan McDonald dropped after playing 17 games in 2022 for Hayden McLean, who played his first game at the AFL level since Round 8",
421
+ "refs": []
422
+ },
423
+ {
424
+ "sentence": "Preliminary final medical substitute Braeden Campbell held his place in the 23",
425
+ "refs": []
426
+ },
427
+ {
428
+ "sentence": "Two Swans under injury clouds \u2014 Sam Reid, who had been substituted out of the preliminary final with an adductor strain, and Justin McInerney, who had an ankle complaint \u2014 were both selected",
429
+ "refs": []
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "sentence": "Reid played only half of the grand final, with limited impact, and was substituted out for Campbell shortly after half time with a recurrence of the same injury \u2013 and Sydney's decision to select him was widely criticised by commentators",
433
+ "refs": [
434
+ "https://www.aap.com.au/news/oconnor-called-into-cats-afl-gf-team/"
435
+ ]
436
+ }
437
+ ],
438
+ "subsections": [
439
+ {
440
+ "section_title": "Umpires",
441
+ "section_content": [
442
+ {
443
+ "sentence": "The umpiring panel, comprising three field umpires, four boundary umpires, two goal umpires and an emergency in each position, is given below",
444
+ "refs": []
445
+ },
446
+ {
447
+ "sentence": "1977 VFL Grand Final umpire John Sutcliffe presented the umpires' medals in the post-match ceremony",
448
+ "refs": []
449
+ },
450
+ {
451
+ "sentence": "Numbers in brackets represent the number of grand finals umpired, including 2022.",
452
+ "refs": []
453
+ }
454
+ ],
455
+ "subsections": []
456
+ }
457
+ ]
458
+ },
459
+ {
460
+ "section_title": "Scoreboard",
461
+ "section_content": [],
462
+ "subsections": []
463
+ },
464
+ {
465
+ "section_title": "Media coverage",
466
+ "section_content": [],
467
+ "subsections": [
468
+ {
469
+ "section_title": "Television",
470
+ "section_content": [
471
+ {
472
+ "sentence": "Per the AFL TV rights, and for the eleventh consecutive year, the Seven Network had exclusive broadcast rights within Australia, with Fox Footy showing replays after the game's conclusion",
473
+ "refs": []
474
+ },
475
+ {
476
+ "sentence": "The Seven coverage was led by James Brayshaw and Brian Taylor, with Luke Hodge and Daisy Pearce providing special comments",
477
+ "refs": []
478
+ },
479
+ {
480
+ "sentence": "Abbey Holmes and Matthew Richardson provided interviews at the breaks, and boundary updates throughout the match",
481
+ "refs": []
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "sentence": "Hamish McLachlan served as Master of Ceremonies for the match as well as hosting the Seven coverage alongside Brayshaw",
485
+ "refs": []
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "sentence": "The Seven coverage was simulcast on 7plus on select devices for the first time",
489
+ "refs": []
490
+ },
491
+ {
492
+ "sentence": "Fox showed their own coverage with their own team, which started at 9\u00a0am AEST with events such as the Longest Kick across the Yarra River and pre-match, half-time and post-match analysis",
493
+ "refs": []
494
+ },
495
+ {
496
+ "sentence": "The Fox Footy coverage was simulcast on Kayo Sports",
497
+ "refs": []
498
+ },
499
+ {
500
+ "sentence": "Sarah Jones, Garry Lyon and Kath Loughnan led the Fox broadcast with special inputs from Brad Johnson, Cameron Mooney, David King, Jonathan Brown, Jordan Lewis, Leigh Montagna, Jason Dunstall, Ben Dixon, Nathan Buckley and Nick Riewoldt throughout the coverage",
501
+ "refs": []
502
+ },
503
+ {
504
+ "sentence": "TV ratings for the game were comparatively low for a Grand Final",
505
+ "refs": []
506
+ },
507
+ {
508
+ "sentence": "An average of 2.18\u00a0million viewers in capital cities (plus 95,000 viewers on streaming platforms) were recorded making it the lowest-rating broadcast of modern history, behind only the 1993 AFL Grand Final between Essendon and Carlton, although viewership peaked at 5.76\u00a0million",
509
+ "refs": [
510
+ "https://mumbrella.com.au/afl-grand-final-lowest-metro-audience-since-2001-nine-steals-the-week-757737/amp"
511
+ ]
512
+ },
513
+ {
514
+ "sentence": "Seven's broadcast of the game via its streaming services, where its rights were non-exclusive, also experienced some technical problems",
515
+ "refs": [
516
+ "https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/seven-renews-push-for-night-grand-final-after-ratings-slump-for-one-sided-decider-20220925-p5bkts.html"
517
+ ]
518
+ },
519
+ {
520
+ "sentence": "Despite the lowest TV ratings in 29 years, it still received more than a million more viewers than any other non-AFL TV show of the day, and it still retained a 65.8% network share as well as the distinction of being most-watched TV show of the year",
521
+ "refs": [
522
+ "https://tvtonight.com.au/2022/09/afl-fants-vent-as-7plus-apologises-for-technical-difficulties.html",
523
+ "https://www.afr.com/companies/sport/afl-grand-final-a-ratings-bomb-for-channel-7-20220925-p5bkt9"
524
+ ]
525
+ },
526
+ {
527
+ "sentence": "Prior to the game, AFL CEO Gillon McLachlan predicted the game would get 4.4\u00a0million viewers, more than 1.3\u00a0million more than the actual figure",
528
+ "refs": [
529
+ "https://tvtonight.com.au/tag/afl-grand-final"
530
+ ]
531
+ },
532
+ {
533
+ "sentence": "Channel Seven boss James Warburton called for the match to be brought back to a twilight or night time slot in order to increase ratings",
534
+ "refs": [
535
+ "https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/grand-final-ratings-record-on-cards-after-buddy-signing-boosts-swans-20220920-p5bjk7.html"
536
+ ]
537
+ }
538
+ ],
539
+ "subsections": [
540
+ {
541
+ "section_title": "International",
542
+ "section_content": [],
543
+ "subsections": []
544
+ }
545
+ ]
546
+ },
547
+ {
548
+ "section_title": "Radio",
549
+ "section_content": [],
550
+ "subsections": []
551
+ }
552
+ ]
553
+ },
554
+ {
555
+ "section_title": "References",
556
+ "section_content": [],
557
+ "subsections": []
558
+ },
559
+ {
560
+ "section_title": "External links",
561
+ "section_content": [],
562
+ "subsections": []
563
+ }
564
+ ],
565
+ "references": {
566
+ "1": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/sep/24/geelong-eviscerate-sydney-swans-by-81-points-in-afl-grand-final-win-for-the-ages",
567
+ "2": "http://www.afl.com.au/tv-radio/broadcastguide",
568
+ "3": "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4741#match-report",
569
+ "4": "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4767#match-report",
570
+ "5": "https://www.afl.com.au/news/833821/sublime-swans-stun-dees-to-earn-home-prelim-final",
571
+ "6": "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4768#match-report",
572
+ "7": "https://www.afl.com.au/news/847462/six-of-the-best-swamps-grand-final-stats-spectacular",
573
+ "8": "https://www.afl.com.au/ladder?Competition=1&CompSeason=43&GameWeeks=610&ShowBettingOdds=1&Live=0",
574
+ "9": "https://web.archive.org/web/20170913000513/http://www.afl.com.au/match-centre/2017/25/geel-v-syd",
575
+ "10": "https://www.codesports.com.au/bet/afl/tips/geelongsydney-2022-afl-grand-final-what-the-firstlook-odds-tell-us/",
576
+ "11": "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/afl-2022-champion-data-takes-a-deep-dive-into-the-grand-final-between-geelong-and-sydney/news-story/c1570de8475da0a31eef93a08c3f5948",
577
+ "12": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-23/grand-final-parade-route-afl-geelong-cats-sydney-swans/101456510",
578
+ "13": "https://www.9news.com.au/national/afl-grand-final-fans-disappointed-by-the-return-of-melbournes-afl-grand-final-parade/90def24a-330f-47fd-be9e-5695380caa30",
579
+ "14": "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/angry-afl-fans-unleash-on-grand-final-parade-failure/news-story/53c674476a14cfea5a24c6fe0bd8a32f",
580
+ "15": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632e74f68f0822acf24f5aae#block-632e74f68f0822acf24f5aae",
581
+ "16": "https://www.afl.com.au/news/848092/delta-goodrem-joins-the-2022-telstra-pre-match-entertainment-as-special-guest",
582
+ "17": "https://7news.com.au/sport/afl/beautiful-scenes-as-levi-ablett-runs-through-afl-grand-final-banner-with-geelong-c-8341686",
583
+ "18": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632e927f8f0822acf24f5b52&filterKeyEvents=false",
584
+ "19": "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/games/2022/091620220924.html",
585
+ "20": "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/mick-malthouse-how-geelong-broke-down-sydney-in-grand-final/news-story/d288301167d6d1f5eb03b1b3f4c54211",
586
+ "21": "https://www.afl.com.au/afl/matches/4773",
587
+ "22": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632ea2f58f0822acf24f5b8d&filterKeyEvents=false",
588
+ "23": "https://www.afl.com.au/news/850185/swans-decision-to-play-key-forward-costly-as-reid-subbed-out",
589
+ "24": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?filterKeyEvents=false",
590
+ "25": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-24/isaac-smith-norm-smith-medal-patrick-dangerfield-geelong-afl/101471748",
591
+ "26": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220924215331/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632eb3638f0894f47d8a4955%23block-632eb3638f0894f47d8a4955",
592
+ "27": "https://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-defeats-sydney-by-81-points-player-ratings/news-story/2f17962e795bda8fdf02fb2624c25639",
593
+ "28": "https://www.aap.com.au/news/oconnor-called-into-cats-afl-gf-team/",
594
+ "29": "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/alltime/misc_players.html#09",
595
+ "30": "https://afltables.com/afl/stats/alltime/misc.html#age",
596
+ "31": "https://www.rte.ie/sport/other-sport/2022/0924/1325214-grand-final-joy-for-irish-duo-as-geelong-destroy-sydney/",
597
+ "32": "https://www.afl.com.au/news/850185/swans-decision-to-play-key-forward-costly-as-reid-subbed-out",
598
+ "33": "https://www.geelongcats.com.au/news/1227026/grand-final-preview-everything-you-need-to-know-before-the-big-one",
599
+ "34": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220924210014/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/24/afl-grand-final-2022-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-live-scores-winners-win-team-news-time-start-entertainment-updates-teams-mcg?page=with:block-632e82008f0894f47d8a486b%23block-632e82008f0894f47d8a486b",
600
+ "35": "https://www.theroar.com.au/2022/09/24/how-do-you-watch-the-2022-grand-final-afl-broadcast-and-live-streaming-guide/",
601
+ "36": "https://mumbrella.com.au/afl-grand-final-lowest-metro-audience-since-2001-nine-steals-the-week-757737/amp",
602
+ "37": "https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/seven-renews-push-for-night-grand-final-after-ratings-slump-for-one-sided-decider-20220925-p5bkts.html",
603
+ "38": "https://tvtonight.com.au/2022/09/afl-fants-vent-as-7plus-apologises-for-technical-difficulties.html",
604
+ "39": "https://www.afr.com/companies/sport/afl-grand-final-a-ratings-bomb-for-channel-7-20220925-p5bkt9",
605
+ "40": "https://tvtonight.com.au/tag/afl-grand-final",
606
+ "41": "https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/grand-final-ratings-record-on-cards-after-buddy-signing-boosts-swans-20220920-p5bjk7.html",
607
+ "42": "https://www.theage.com.au/sport/afl/seven-renews-push-for-night-grand-final-after-ratings-slump-for-one-sided-decider-20220925-p5bkts.html",
608
+ "43": "https://www.theroar.com.au/2022/09/23/how-to-watch-the-2022-afl-grand-final-overseas-geelong-cats-vs-sydney-swans-international-live-stream-info/",
609
+ "44": "https://www.afl.com.au/matches/broadcast-guide/international-broadcast-partners"
610
+ },
611
+ "spicy_entities": {
612
+ "2022": "DATE",
613
+ "australian": "NORP",
614
+ "geelong": "ORG",
615
+ "the sydney swans": "ORG",
616
+ "the melbourne cricket ground": "ORG",
617
+ "24 september 2022": "DATE",
618
+ "127th": "DATE",
619
+ "the australian football league": "ORG",
620
+ "100,024": "CARDINAL",
621
+ "81": "CARDINAL",
622
+ "tenth": "ORDINAL",
623
+ "vfl": "ORG",
624
+ "isaac smith": "PERSON",
625
+ "the norm smith medal": "ORG",
626
+ "2021": "DATE",
627
+ "melbourne": "GPE",
628
+ "early in the season": "DATE",
629
+ "five": "CARDINAL",
630
+ "four": "CARDINAL",
631
+ "second": "ORDINAL",
632
+ "four seasons": "DATE",
633
+ "18": "CARDINAL",
634
+ "collingwood": "PERSON",
635
+ "six": "CARDINAL",
636
+ "the brisbane lions": "ORG",
637
+ "71": "CARDINAL",
638
+ "first": "ORDINAL",
639
+ "three years": "DATE",
640
+ "sydney": "GPE",
641
+ "one": "CARDINAL",
642
+ "greater western": "LOC",
643
+ "swans": "NORP",
644
+ "third": "ORDINAL",
645
+ "16": "CARDINAL",
646
+ "22": "CARDINAL",
647
+ "2016": "DATE",
648
+ "two": "CARDINAL",
649
+ "round 2": "LAW",
650
+ "the sydney cricket ground": "ORG",
651
+ "lance franklin's": "ORG",
652
+ "1000th": "ORDINAL",
653
+ "30": "CARDINAL",
654
+ "sixth": "ORDINAL",
655
+ "2017": "DATE",
656
+ "the victorian football association's": "ORG",
657
+ "match of the century": "WORK_OF_ART",
658
+ "1886": "DATE",
659
+ "fifteen": "CARDINAL",
660
+ "nine": "CARDINAL",
661
+ "tab": "ORG",
662
+ "1.47": "MONEY",
663
+ "2.70": "MONEY",
664
+ "2019": "DATE",
665
+ "2020": "DATE",
666
+ "brisbane's the gabba": "ORG",
667
+ "perth": "GPE",
668
+ "optus stadium": "FAC",
669
+ "covid-19": "ORG",
670
+ "1986": "DATE",
671
+ "annual": "DATE",
672
+ "grand final parade": "EVENT",
673
+ "friday": "DATE",
674
+ "the grand final": "ORG",
675
+ "the yarra river": "LOC",
676
+ "yarra park": "GPE",
677
+ "yarra river": "LOC",
678
+ "princes bridge": "FAC",
679
+ "gmt": "ORG",
680
+ "the premiership cup": "EVENT",
681
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion",
4
+ "summary": "On 8 October 2022, at 6:07 a.m., a fire broke out on the Crimean Bridge as a result of an explosion of a bomb loaded onto a truck, which occurred on the road bridge, on the westbound vehicle lanes running from Russia to Kerch in Russian-occupied Crimea. Two two-lane vehicular spans of the bridge collapsed into the water. Two adjacent eastbound lanes on a separate structure survived. The railway bridge was also significantly damaged by a railway tanker car that caught fire. Five people were killed, and the Investigative Committee of Russia launched an investigation.\nThe damage reduced the transport capacity of the bridge, which is being used to supply Russian troops in Crimea during the invasion of Ukraine. The explosion occurred the day after the 70th birthday of Russian President Vladimir Putin and one week after the announcement of the annexation of four Ukrainian regions by Russia. At the time, no-one claimed responsibility for the explosion and Volodymyr Zelenskyy said that the Ukrainian government \"did not order\" it. However, in July 2023, Ukraine's Deputy Minister of Defense Hanna Maliar acknowledged Ukraine had conducted the attack \"in order to break the logistics of the Russians.\" Soon after, the Ukrainian Security Service confirmed it was behind the attack.Russian officials and a \"senior Ukrainian official\" speaking to The New York Times said the explosion was from a bomb loaded onto a truck. The BBC claimed it was more likely caused by a maritime drone. The Russian Federal Security Service detained five Russian citizens and three people from Ukraine and Armenia accused of organising the attack. In August 2023, Vasyl Malyuk, head of the Security Service of Ukraine, gave an interview to The New Voice of Ukraine in which he detailed how a truck carrying explosives was used to cause the explosion.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Background",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "The Crimean Bridge is a pair of parallel bridges, one carrying a four-lane road and the other a double-track railway, spanning the Kerch Strait between Russia on the east side and Crimea in Ukraine on the west side",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "Construction began in February 2016, following the Russian occupation and annexation of the Crimean peninsula in 2014",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "The Russian authorities called the construction of the bridge a \"historic mission\", one of the key tasks for the \"final unification of Crimea with Russia\"",
19
+ "refs": [
20
+ "https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-44120726"
21
+ ]
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "sentence": "In May 2018, the road bridge was opened to traffic, and in December 2019, the rail bridge became operational",
25
+ "refs": [
26
+ "https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-russian-44126352"
27
+ ]
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "sentence": "During the 2022 Russian invasion, the bridge was used to supply the Russian Armed Forces in the southern theater of operations",
31
+ "refs": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "sentence": "While other methods of supplying resources to Crimea exist, including ports, the bridge is an important part of the infrastructure",
35
+ "refs": [
36
+ "https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-63183013"
37
+ ]
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "sentence": "Ukrainian officials and military have repeatedly declared their intention to destroy the Crimean Bridge, considering it as a legitimate military target",
41
+ "refs": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "sentence": "Major General of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Dmytro Marchenko\u00a0 [uk] stated in June 2022 that the bridge would become \"target number one\" as soon as Ukraine had weapons to attack it",
45
+ "refs": [
46
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/19/world/europe/kerch-strait-bridge-crimea.html",
47
+ "https://www.dw.com/ru/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-vozmozno-stal-rezultatom-diversii/a-63376818",
48
+ "https://tass.com/world/1465651"
49
+ ]
50
+ },
51
+ {
52
+ "sentence": "In August 2022, Ukrainian presidential advisor Mykhailo Podolyak told The Guardian: \"It's an illegal construction and the main gateway to supply the Russian army in Crimea",
53
+ "refs": [
54
+ "https://istories.media/news/2022/10/08/na-krimskom-mostu-proizoshel-vzriv-zagorelis-tsisterni-i-provalilos-dorozhnoe-polotno/"
55
+ ]
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "sentence": "Such objects should be destroyed.\" In April 2022, Dmitry Medvedev, former President and Deputy Chairman of the Security Council of Russia, said: \"One of the Ukrainian generals talked about the need to strike at the Crimean Bridge",
59
+ "refs": [
60
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/16/creating-chaos-zelenskiys-adviser-outlines-ukraines-military-strategy"
61
+ ]
62
+ },
63
+ {
64
+ "sentence": "I hope he understands what the retaliatory target will be.\"",
65
+ "refs": [
66
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/08/impact-of-kerch-bridge-blast-will-be-felt-all-the-way-to-the-kremlin"
67
+ ]
68
+ }
69
+ ],
70
+ "subsections": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "section_title": "Event",
74
+ "section_content": [
75
+ {
76
+ "sentence": "On 8 October 2022 at 6:07 a.m",
77
+ "refs": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "sentence": "local time during low traffic, an explosion occurred on or near the westbound lanes of the road bridge, heading towards Kerch in Crimea, midway between the main arch span over the Kerch\u2013Yenikale shipping channel and Tuzla Island, within Crimean territorial waters",
81
+ "refs": [
82
+ "https://www.agents.media/vzorvan-krymskij-most-chto-izvestno/",
83
+ "https://theconversation.com/crimean-bridge-blast-experts-assess-the-damage-192161",
84
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/09/kerch-bridge-russia-ukraine-war-crimea-putin"
85
+ ]
86
+ },
87
+ {
88
+ "sentence": "[citation needed] As a result of the explosion, Kerch-bound spans of the roadway collapsed into the water",
89
+ "refs": []
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "sentence": "In the construction of the bridge, up to four spans are connected to form a longer section, and it appears that the damage has principally been to one such section, with three of its spans collapsing into the water and the fourth remaining in place",
93
+ "refs": [
94
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/09/kerch-bridge-russia-ukraine-war-crimea-putin",
95
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/08/europe/crimea-bridge-explosion-intl-hnk/index.html"
96
+ ]
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "The press service of the Crimea Railway stated that at 6:05 their equipment showed an error on the railway tracks on the railway part of the bridge, and a fuel container wagon caught fire in the tail of the freight train",
100
+ "refs": [
101
+ "https://theconversation.com/crimean-bridge-blast-experts-assess-the-damage-192161",
102
+ "https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/how-the-crimean-bridge-explosion-caused-multiple-spans-to-collapse-11-10-2022/"
103
+ ]
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "sentence": "Wind from north blew flames and smoke towards the Black Sea",
107
+ "refs": [
108
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/08/europe/crimea-bridge-explosion-intl-hnk/index.html"
109
+ ]
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "sentence": "Traffic by road, rail and sea were stopped, with long queues forming on land and sea",
113
+ "refs": [
114
+ "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/10/08/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-dvizhenie-ostanovleno-chast-avtomobilnogo-mosta-obrushilas",
115
+ "https://thetimeshub.in/people-are-fleeing-en-masse-from-crimea-traffic-jam-on-the-bridge-exceeded-5-kilometers-video/54139/"
116
+ ]
117
+ },
118
+ {
119
+ "sentence": "The explosion was not immediately reported by Russian authorities as an act of sabotage",
120
+ "refs": [
121
+ "https://www.perild.com/2022/10/08/due-to-the-emergency-on-the-crimean-bridge-a-traffic-jam-formed-on-the-black-and-azov-seas/"
122
+ ]
123
+ },
124
+ {
125
+ "sentence": "Initially, two possible causes of the fire were announced: the explosion of a fuel container wagon on the railway part of the bridge and the explosion of an automotive vehicle, probably a truck, on the road part",
126
+ "refs": []
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "sentence": "According to the National Anti-Terrorism Committee\u00a0 [ru] of the Russian Federation, a truck was blown up, which caused the fire of seven rail fuel containers",
130
+ "refs": []
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "sentence": "Though no one claimed responsibility for the explosion, the Ukrainian media Ukrainska Pravda and UNIAN, citing their own sources, stated that it was a Security Service of Ukraine operation",
134
+ "refs": []
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "sentence": "The New York Times similarly wrote that a \"senior Ukrainian official\" \"said that Ukraine\u2019s intelligence services had orchestrated the attack and that it involved a bomb loaded onto a truck that drove across the bridge.\" Russia claimed that a bomb exploded while being carried by a truck going full speed using an improvised explosive device",
138
+ "refs": [
139
+ "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/10/8/7370891/",
140
+ "https://meduza.io/news/2022/10/08/ukrainskaya-pravda-so-ssylkoy-na-istochnik-soobschila-chto-vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-operatsiya-sbu",
141
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/08/world/russia-ukraine-war-news"
142
+ ]
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "sentence": "With indications that an explosion directly damaged the road bridge and that its blast caused a fire on a train on the rail bridge, the presence of many sparks could indicate the use of thermite which burns hot enough to damage steel and ignite the flammable fuel in the train",
146
+ "refs": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "sentence": "Later in the day the bridge reopened to light road traffic on one lane, with traffic alternating in each direction, and some rail traffic",
150
+ "refs": []
151
+ }
152
+ ],
153
+ "subsections": []
154
+ },
155
+ {
156
+ "section_title": "Impact",
157
+ "section_content": [],
158
+ "subsections": [
159
+ {
160
+ "section_title": "Casualties",
161
+ "section_content": [
162
+ {
163
+ "sentence": "The explosion killed five people, including those in an adjacent car",
164
+ "refs": []
165
+ }
166
+ ],
167
+ "subsections": []
168
+ },
169
+ {
170
+ "section_title": "Economic loss",
171
+ "section_content": [
172
+ {
173
+ "sentence": "Seven fuel tankers of a 59-wagon train destined for the Crimean Peninsula caught on fire due to the explosion",
174
+ "refs": []
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "In addition, with the closure of the bridge, it became more difficult for local residents to leave Crimea, with car queues five kilometres (3\u00a0mi) long, although other ways remained, including ports",
178
+ "refs": [
179
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-ria-state-agency-reports-fuel-tank-fire-kerch-bridge-crimea-2022-10-08/",
180
+ "https://thetimeshub.in/people-are-fleeing-en-masse-from-crimea-traffic-jam-on-the-bridge-exceeded-5-kilometers-video/54139/"
181
+ ]
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "sentence": "Over a hundred trucks waited on either side to use the small ferry, carrying 16 trucks at a time",
185
+ "refs": [
186
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/08/impact-of-kerch-bridge-blast-will-be-felt-all-the-way-to-the-kremlin"
187
+ ]
188
+ },
189
+ {
190
+ "sentence": "Marine traffic was also hindered, as dozens of ships waited on either side of the bridge",
191
+ "refs": [
192
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/09/world/europe/russia-crimea-kerch-bridge-traffic.html"
193
+ ]
194
+ },
195
+ {
196
+ "sentence": "Mikhail Razvozhayev, mayor of Sevastopol, initially imposed restrictions on the sale of groceries and forbade the sale of fuel in canisters but rescinded these measures for all of Crimea about an hour later, saying that supply lines were sufficient",
197
+ "refs": [
198
+ "https://www.perild.com/2022/10/08/due-to-the-emergency-on-the-crimean-bridge-a-traffic-jam-formed-on-the-black-and-azov-seas/",
199
+ "https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-10/ukraine-bruecke-explosion-krim-russland"
200
+ ]
201
+ }
202
+ ],
203
+ "subsections": []
204
+ },
205
+ {
206
+ "section_title": "Structural damage",
207
+ "section_content": [
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "Three spans of the roadway deck on the Kerch-bound side were damaged with two collapsed into the water",
210
+ "refs": []
211
+ },
212
+ {
213
+ "sentence": "In videos and satellite imagery, there was considerable discolouration of girders of the rail bridge",
214
+ "refs": [
215
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-10-08-22/h_4a34c1441b085a511d720a4d5e48a4b2"
216
+ ]
217
+ },
218
+ {
219
+ "sentence": "Two experts on bridge safety and blast engineering consider it likely that the fuel fire weakened the girders that support the rail bridge",
220
+ "refs": [
221
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63189627",
222
+ "https://www.euronews.com/2022/10/08/ukraine-war-car-bomb-sparks-major-blaze-on-bridge-linking-russia-and-crimea"
223
+ ]
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "The rail bridge supports a double-track railway, and Russia restarted traffic on the other rail track than the one containing the burned out fuel tankers almost immediately",
227
+ "refs": [
228
+ "https://theconversation.com/crimean-bridge-blast-experts-assess-the-damage-192161"
229
+ ]
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "sentence": "The Russian Ministry of Transport reported that on the following day all rail freight and long-distance passenger trains were running to schedule",
233
+ "refs": [
234
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-10-08-22/h_972e0c20567968a3f40b4b18cd53834e"
235
+ ]
236
+ },
237
+ {
238
+ "sentence": "The full repair of the bridge has been ordered, to be completed by 1 July 2023, with the contract awarded to Nizhneangarsktransstroy",
239
+ "refs": []
240
+ },
241
+ {
242
+ "sentence": "On 9 November 2022, the UK Ministry of Defence released an intelligence update, saying: \"Russian efforts to repair the Crimean bridge continue but it is unlikely to be fully operational until at least September 2023.\" According to intelligence, the road bridge was closed on 8 November 2022 to allow the movement and installation of a replacement 64-metre space",
243
+ "refs": [
244
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63255611"
245
+ ]
246
+ },
247
+ {
248
+ "sentence": "Three more spans will be required to replace the damaged sections",
249
+ "refs": []
250
+ },
251
+ {
252
+ "sentence": "\"Although Crimean officials have claimed these additional spans will be in place by 20 December, a briefing provided to President Putin added that works to the other carriageway would cause disruption to road traffic until March 2023.\"",
253
+ "refs": [
254
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/nov/09/russia-ukraine-war-live-reports-of-fierce-fighting-in-mykolaiv-region-zelenskiy-says-russians-face-extraordinary-losses-in-donetsk#top-of-blog"
255
+ ]
256
+ }
257
+ ],
258
+ "subsections": []
259
+ }
260
+ ]
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "section_title": "Reactions",
264
+ "section_content": [],
265
+ "subsections": [
266
+ {
267
+ "section_title": "Ukrainian",
268
+ "section_content": [
269
+ {
270
+ "sentence": "The Ukrainian government's official Twitter account tweeted \"sick burn\" in response to the fire, while Mykhailo Podolyak, a Ukrainian presidential advisor, called the damage the \"beginning\": \"Crimea, a bridge, the beginning",
271
+ "refs": []
272
+ },
273
+ {
274
+ "sentence": "Everything illegal must be destroyed, everything stolen must be returned to Ukraine, everything occupied by Russia must be expelled.\" [clarification needed]",
275
+ "refs": [
276
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183404"
277
+ ]
278
+ },
279
+ {
280
+ "sentence": "The Ministry of Defense of Ukraine compared the destruction of the Crimean Bridge to the sinking of the cruiser Moskva writing: \"The guided missile cruiser Moskva and the Kerch Bridge\u00a0\u2013 two notorious symbols of Russian power in Ukrainian Crimea\u00a0\u2013 have gone down",
281
+ "refs": []
282
+ },
283
+ {
284
+ "sentence": "What's next in line, Russkies?\"",
285
+ "refs": []
286
+ },
287
+ {
288
+ "sentence": "Director of Ukrposhta Ihor Smilianskyi announced the release of a new stamp set dedicated to the event",
289
+ "refs": []
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "sentence": "There is also an artist's impression of the Crimean bridge explosion in Kyiv becoming a popular artwork",
293
+ "refs": [
294
+ "https://www.dsnews.ua/ukr/politics/krymskiy-most-minoborony-ukrainy-i-glava-ukrpochty-potrollili-rossiyan-08102022-467433"
295
+ ]
296
+ },
297
+ {
298
+ "sentence": "Oleksiy Danilov, head of the National Security and Defence Council, posted a video of the bridge on social media, along with a video of Marilyn Monroe singing \"Happy Birthday, Mr",
299
+ "refs": []
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "sentence": "President\" to US President John F",
303
+ "refs": []
304
+ },
305
+ {
306
+ "sentence": "Kennedy",
307
+ "refs": []
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "The explosion occurred a day after the 70th birthday of Russian President Vladimir Putin",
311
+ "refs": [
312
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-ria-state-agency-reports-fuel-tank-fire-kerch-bridge-crimea-2022-10-08/"
313
+ ]
314
+ },
315
+ {
316
+ "sentence": "Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said during his nightly address: \"Today was not a bad day and mostly sunny on our state's territory",
317
+ "refs": []
318
+ },
319
+ {
320
+ "sentence": "Unfortunately, it was cloudy in Crimea",
321
+ "refs": []
322
+ },
323
+ {
324
+ "sentence": "Although it was also warm.\"",
325
+ "refs": [
326
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63189627"
327
+ ]
328
+ }
329
+ ],
330
+ "subsections": []
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "section_title": "Russian",
334
+ "section_content": [
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "The Russian authorities of the Crimea accused the Ukrainian side",
337
+ "refs": []
338
+ },
339
+ {
340
+ "sentence": "The spokeswoman of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Maria Zakharova, accused the \"Kyiv regime\" of terrorism, and a deputy of the State Duma, Andrey Gurulyov (United Russia), called on the commander-in-chief to \"strongly respond\"",
341
+ "refs": [
342
+ "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/10/08/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-dvizhenie-ostanovleno-chast-avtomobilnogo-mosta-obrushilas"
343
+ ]
344
+ },
345
+ {
346
+ "sentence": "Sergey Aksyonov, the Russian appointed head of Crimea, has indicated that they have enough food and fuel saying: \"The situation is manageable\u2014it's unpleasant, but not fatal\"",
347
+ "refs": []
348
+ },
349
+ {
350
+ "sentence": "He also expressed a desire for revenge",
351
+ "refs": []
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "sentence": "On 9 October, Putin stated: \"There is no doubt",
355
+ "refs": []
356
+ },
357
+ {
358
+ "sentence": "This is an act of terrorism aimed at destroying critically important civilian infrastructure\u2026 This was devised, carried out and ordered by the Ukrainian special services\"",
359
+ "refs": []
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "sentence": "Kremlin propagandist Vladimir Solovyov urged retaliatory strikes across all Ukraine targeting \"bridges, dams, railways, thermal power plants and other infrastructure facilities\"",
363
+ "refs": []
364
+ }
365
+ ],
366
+ "subsections": []
367
+ },
368
+ {
369
+ "section_title": "International",
370
+ "section_content": [
371
+ {
372
+ "sentence": "The foreign minister of Estonia, Urmas Reinsalu, welcomed the explosion and suggested that Ukrainian special forces were behind it, recalling that the Ukrainian authorities had long called the Crimean Bridge a possible target for a strike",
373
+ "refs": []
374
+ },
375
+ {
376
+ "sentence": "Member of the European Parliament from Poland, Robert Biedro\u0144 (New Left) said: \"A balm for the heart, especially since yesterday was Putin's birthday",
377
+ "refs": []
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "sentence": "It's good that Putin received such a gift",
381
+ "refs": []
382
+ },
383
+ {
384
+ "sentence": "I hope he gets more",
385
+ "refs": []
386
+ },
387
+ {
388
+ "sentence": "Ukrainians are destroying Russia's illegal infrastructure [in the occupied Crimea]\"",
389
+ "refs": []
390
+ }
391
+ ],
392
+ "subsections": []
393
+ }
394
+ ]
395
+ },
396
+ {
397
+ "section_title": "Aftermath",
398
+ "section_content": [
399
+ {
400
+ "sentence": "The Ministry of Transport of Russia announced that the ferry service across the Kerch Strait, which operated before the construction of the Crimean bridge, was being re-launched",
401
+ "refs": []
402
+ },
403
+ {
404
+ "sentence": "The Crimean Bridge is an important part of the transport connection between Russia and Crimea for the southern theater of operations of the Russo-Ukrainian War",
405
+ "refs": []
406
+ },
407
+ {
408
+ "sentence": "The New York Times reported that the damage would create temporary logistical hurdles for Russian military movements, but heavy military equipment could be transported by the railway bridge",
409
+ "refs": []
410
+ },
411
+ {
412
+ "sentence": "On 8 October, the Russian foreign ministry published a video showing that the bridge was partially reopened to light vehicles",
413
+ "refs": []
414
+ },
415
+ {
416
+ "sentence": "Trucks had to take the ferry, while trains had resumed, according to Russian state media",
417
+ "refs": [
418
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183404"
419
+ ]
420
+ },
421
+ {
422
+ "sentence": "A week later, hundreds of trucks were waiting three to four days to use the ferry",
423
+ "refs": [
424
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183404",
425
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/08/europe/crimea-bridge-putin-ukraine-analysis-intl/index.html"
426
+ ]
427
+ },
428
+ {
429
+ "sentence": "Putin ordered the security of the bridge to be placed under the control of Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB)",
430
+ "refs": []
431
+ },
432
+ {
433
+ "sentence": "The Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Marat Khusnullin said that the damaged portions of the bridge would be taken down and repairs were to commence immediately",
434
+ "refs": []
435
+ },
436
+ {
437
+ "sentence": "On 9 October divers inspected the bridge structure for any underwater damage",
438
+ "refs": []
439
+ },
440
+ {
441
+ "sentence": "The Russian government ordered the repairs to be completed by July 2023",
442
+ "refs": [
443
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63189627"
444
+ ]
445
+ },
446
+ {
447
+ "sentence": "The road bridge was fully re-opened on 23 February 2023, according to an announcement from Russian Deputy Prime Minister Marat Khusnullin",
448
+ "refs": []
449
+ },
450
+ {
451
+ "sentence": "On 5 May the deputy prime minister also announced that the rail bridge had been fully reopened",
452
+ "refs": [
453
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/02/23/russia-fully-reopens-crimea-bridge-to-cars-on-eve-of-anniversary-a80319"
454
+ ]
455
+ }
456
+ ],
457
+ "subsections": [
458
+ {
459
+ "section_title": "Effect on Russian forces",
460
+ "section_content": [
461
+ {
462
+ "sentence": "Russian forces have had their logistics hindered by the blast on the bridge",
463
+ "refs": []
464
+ },
465
+ {
466
+ "sentence": "The UK Ministry of Defence said that transport \"capacity [would] be seriously degraded\" over the bridge",
467
+ "refs": []
468
+ },
469
+ {
470
+ "sentence": "Repairs started on the evening of 8 October, with car and rail traffic resuming almost immediately",
471
+ "refs": []
472
+ },
473
+ {
474
+ "sentence": "Trucks used ferries because one section of their lane was completely destroyed",
475
+ "refs": []
476
+ },
477
+ {
478
+ "sentence": "The Russian reliance on rail to move military equipment means that truck traffic is not the major concern",
479
+ "refs": []
480
+ },
481
+ {
482
+ "sentence": "There is also a land corridor along the coast of southern Ukraine, although this is at higher risk of attack",
483
+ "refs": []
484
+ },
485
+ {
486
+ "sentence": "Construction of the bridge was completed in 2018, so it has only been relied upon for a few years",
487
+ "refs": []
488
+ },
489
+ {
490
+ "sentence": "The greatest blow might be psychological, according to people comparing it to the sinking of the Russian cruiser Moskva and considering Putin's personal links to the bridge",
491
+ "refs": []
492
+ },
493
+ {
494
+ "sentence": "Various analysts said on 10 October that trains would likely cross the bridge at reduced speed and loads",
495
+ "refs": [
496
+ "https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-repair-crimea-kerch-bridge-explosion/",
497
+ "https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/09/23/russias-war-mobilization-is-pointless-as-long-as-its-army-lacks-trucks/?sh=6586379869b4",
498
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/9/crimea-bridge-resumes-traffic-after-blast"
499
+ ]
500
+ }
501
+ ],
502
+ "subsections": []
503
+ },
504
+ {
505
+ "section_title": "Effect on Russian government",
506
+ "section_content": [
507
+ {
508
+ "sentence": "The symbolic nature of the destruction is no less important for the Kremlin",
509
+ "refs": []
510
+ },
511
+ {
512
+ "sentence": "The opening of the bridge in 2018 was considered one of Putin's greatest propaganda achievements",
513
+ "refs": []
514
+ },
515
+ {
516
+ "sentence": "After the Russian invasion of 2022, the structure was one of the most protected objects",
517
+ "refs": []
518
+ },
519
+ {
520
+ "sentence": "A week before the explosion, a decree was signed on the annexation of four Ukrainian regions by Russia, after which Russia continued to threaten Ukraine with nuclear weapons in the event of an attack on objects in the annexed territories",
521
+ "refs": [
522
+ "https://defence-ua.com/minds_and_ideas/znischiti_krimskij_mist_jak_vin_zahischenij_naskilki_tse_potribno_i_scho_dast-8102.html"
523
+ ]
524
+ },
525
+ {
526
+ "sentence": "Putin said that the October 2022 missile strikes on Ukraine, which hit civilian areas in Kyiv and other cities, were in retaliation for Ukraine's alleged attack on the Crimean Bridge",
527
+ "refs": []
528
+ },
529
+ {
530
+ "sentence": "In May 2023, former history teacher Nikita Tushkanov was sentenced to five-and-a-half years in prison under Russia's 2022 war censorship laws on charges of \"justifying terrorism\" and \"discrediting\" the Russian military for calling the Crimean Bridge explosion \"a birthday gift for Putler.\"",
531
+ "refs": [
532
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/05/11/russia-jails-ex-teacher-55-years-for-calling-crimean-bridge-blast-putins-birthday-gift-a81096"
533
+ ]
534
+ }
535
+ ],
536
+ "subsections": []
537
+ }
538
+ ]
539
+ },
540
+ {
541
+ "section_title": "Investigation",
542
+ "section_content": [
543
+ {
544
+ "sentence": "By order of Putin, a special commission was created to investigate the circumstances of the explosion, including representatives of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Ministry of Transport, the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the National Guard",
545
+ "refs": []
546
+ },
547
+ {
548
+ "sentence": "The Investigative Committee opened a criminal investigation into the explosion",
549
+ "refs": []
550
+ },
551
+ {
552
+ "sentence": "Representatives of the special services drew attention to the shift that failed to detect the truck with explosives, despite the complexes installed at the entrance to the bridge to watch for suspicious cargo",
553
+ "refs": [
554
+ "https://tsn.ua/svit/vibuh-na-krimskomu-mostu-v-rosiyi-vidkrili-krimnalne-provadzhennya-2175394.html"
555
+ ]
556
+ },
557
+ {
558
+ "sentence": "The National Anti-Terrorism Committee of Russia has reported:",
559
+ "refs": []
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "sentence": "On 10 October, the Russian chief investigator, Alexander Bastrykin, said: \"We have already established the route of the truck\"",
563
+ "refs": []
564
+ },
565
+ {
566
+ "sentence": "On 11 October, FSB said five Russians and three people from Ukraine and/or Armenia were detained",
567
+ "refs": []
568
+ },
569
+ {
570
+ "sentence": "It also said it detained a Ukrainian citizen involved in planning another bombing in Bryansk who is, according to FSB, now \"cooperating with the investigation\"",
571
+ "refs": []
572
+ },
573
+ {
574
+ "sentence": "The explosives (22,770\u00a0kg\u00a0 [50,200\u00a0lb]) were transported on 22 pallets on the truck",
575
+ "refs": []
576
+ },
577
+ {
578
+ "sentence": "The explosives were loaded at Odesa at the beginning of August and shipped through Bulgaria, Armenia and Georgia to Russia",
579
+ "refs": []
580
+ },
581
+ {
582
+ "sentence": "On 7 October, it was loaded onto a Russian truck bound for Simferopol",
583
+ "refs": []
584
+ },
585
+ {
586
+ "sentence": "FSB released an X-ray video showing what they said was the truck loaded with explosives",
587
+ "refs": [
588
+ "https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/ukrajina-rusko-valka-kercsky-most-podezreli.A221012_075856_zahranicni_misl"
589
+ ]
590
+ },
591
+ {
592
+ "sentence": "In contrast with the photos from the bridge checkpoint released earlier, the X-rayed truck was missing a spare wheel and one of the axles",
593
+ "refs": []
594
+ },
595
+ {
596
+ "sentence": "However, FSB said that more than one truck had been used in Russia to transport the cargo",
597
+ "refs": [
598
+ "https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/rusko-ukrajina-valka-kercsky-most-krym-rentgen-auto.A221012_123221_zahranicni_vajo"
599
+ ]
600
+ },
601
+ {
602
+ "sentence": "[better\u00a0source\u00a0needed]",
603
+ "refs": [
604
+ "http://www.fsb.ru/fsb/press/message/single.htm%21id%3D10439604%40fsbMessage.html"
605
+ ]
606
+ },
607
+ {
608
+ "sentence": "On 21 April 2023, the Lefortovo District court in Moscow issued an arrest warrant against Kyrylo Budanov, head of Ukrainian Intelligence, in relation to the October 2022 bridge explosion",
609
+ "refs": []
610
+ },
611
+ {
612
+ "sentence": "Budanov responded to the warrant, stating, \"I am pleased",
613
+ "refs": [
614
+ "https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2023/04/21/moscow-court-issues-arrest-warrant-for-ukraines-intel-chief-over-fsbs-accusations-of-him-setting-up-crimea-bridge-explosion-en-news"
615
+ ]
616
+ },
617
+ {
618
+ "sentence": "This is a good indicator of our work, and I promise to work even better.\"",
619
+ "refs": [
620
+ "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/04/21/7398888"
621
+ ]
622
+ }
623
+ ],
624
+ "subsections": []
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "section_title": "See also",
628
+ "section_content": [],
629
+ "subsections": []
630
+ },
631
+ {
632
+ "section_title": "Notes",
633
+ "section_content": [],
634
+ "subsections": []
635
+ },
636
+ {
637
+ "section_title": "References",
638
+ "section_content": [],
639
+ "subsections": []
640
+ },
641
+ {
642
+ "section_title": "External links",
643
+ "section_content": [],
644
+ "subsections": []
645
+ }
646
+ ],
647
+ "references": {
648
+ "1": "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/08/world/russia-ukraine-war-news",
649
+ "2": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2022/10/8/7370891/",
650
+ "3": "https://meduza.io/news/2022/10/08/ukrainskaya-pravda-so-ssylkoy-na-istochnik-soobschila-chto-vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-operatsiya-sbu",
651
+ "4": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-10-10/vladimir-putin-accuses-ukraine-of-crimea-bridge-blast/101517118",
652
+ "5": "https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-admits-blowing-up-russias-bridge-to-crimea-2023-7",
653
+ "6": "https://www.gazeta.ru/social/2022/10/09/15598867.shtml",
654
+ "7": "https://meduza.io/en/news/2022/10/20/we-definitely-didn-t-order-it-says-zelensky-of-the-crimean-bridge-explosion",
655
+ "8": "https://news.yahoo.com/sbu-claims-responsibility-2022-crimean-170000550.html",
656
+ "9": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63192757",
657
+ "10": "https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/ukrajina-rusko-valka-kercsky-most-podezreli.A221012_075856_zahranicni_misl",
658
+ "11": "https://english.nv.ua/nation/sbu-chief-malyuk-on-how-crimean-bridge-was-attacked-twice-50348824.html",
659
+ "12": "https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-44120726",
660
+ "13": "https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/features-russian-44126352",
661
+ "14": "https://www.dw.com/ru/%D0%BF%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83-%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C-%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2/a-51781417",
662
+ "15": "https://www.9news.com.au/world/russia-ukraine-update-ukrainian-official-hanna-maliar-official-appears-to-claim-responsibility-for-crimea-bridge-explosion/9f042392-f9c7-4782-8d19-f98db767224d",
663
+ "16": "https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-63183013",
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+ "17": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/08/impact-of-kerch-bridge-blast-will-be-felt-all-the-way-to-the-kremlin",
665
+ "18": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/19/world/europe/kerch-strait-bridge-crimea.html",
666
+ "19": "https://www.dw.com/ru/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-vozmozno-stal-rezultatom-diversii/a-63376818",
667
+ "20": "https://tass.com/world/1465651",
668
+ "21": "https://istories.media/news/2022/10/08/na-krimskom-mostu-proizoshel-vzriv-zagorelis-tsisterni-i-provalilos-dorozhnoe-polotno/",
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+ "22": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/16/creating-chaos-zelenskiys-adviser-outlines-ukraines-military-strategy",
670
+ "23": "https://www.agents.media/vzorvan-krymskij-most-chto-izvestno/",
671
+ "24": "https://theconversation.com/crimean-bridge-blast-experts-assess-the-damage-192161",
672
+ "25": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/oct/09/kerch-bridge-russia-ukraine-war-crimea-putin",
673
+ "26": "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/10/08/europe/crimea-bridge-explosion-intl-hnk/index.html",
674
+ "27": "https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/how-the-crimean-bridge-explosion-caused-multiple-spans-to-collapse-11-10-2022/",
675
+ "28": "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/10/08/vzryv-na-krymskom-mostu-dvizhenie-ostanovleno-chast-avtomobilnogo-mosta-obrushilas",
676
+ "29": "https://thetimeshub.in/people-are-fleeing-en-masse-from-crimea-traffic-jam-on-the-bridge-exceeded-5-kilometers-video/54139/",
677
+ "30": "https://www.perild.com/2022/10/08/due-to-the-emergency-on-the-crimean-bridge-a-traffic-jam-formed-on-the-black-and-azov-seas/",
678
+ "31": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/crimea-bridge-explosion-russia-killed-b2198406.html",
679
+ "32": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183404",
680
+ "33": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-ria-state-agency-reports-fuel-tank-fire-kerch-bridge-crimea-2022-10-08/",
681
+ "34": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/09/world/europe/russia-crimea-kerch-bridge-traffic.html",
682
+ "35": "https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2022-10/ukraine-bruecke-explosion-krim-russland",
683
+ "36": "https://kyivindependent.com/uncategorized/crimean-occupation-government-introduces-rationing-cancels-it-in-an-hour",
684
+ "37": "https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-10-08-22/h_4a34c1441b085a511d720a4d5e48a4b2",
685
+ "38": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63189627",
686
+ "39": "https://www.euronews.com/2022/10/08/ukraine-war-car-bomb-sparks-major-blaze-on-bridge-linking-russia-and-crimea",
687
+ "40": "https://edition.cnn.com/europe/live-news/russia-ukraine-war-news-10-08-22/h_972e0c20567968a3f40b4b18cd53834e",
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+ "41": "https://www.railfreight.com/railfreight/2022/10/10/freight-traffic-resumed-after-bomb-blast-on-crimea-bridge/?gdpr=accept",
689
+ "42": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63255611",
690
+ "43": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2022/nov/09/russia-ukraine-war-live-reports-of-fierce-fighting-in-mykolaiv-region-zelenskiy-says-russians-face-extraordinary-losses-in-donetsk#top-of-blog",
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+ "44": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183409",
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+ "45": "https://www.news18.com/news/world/soon-after-ukraine-explosion-fire-breaks-out-at-key-bridge-linking-mainland-russia-to-crimea-6123427.html",
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+ "46": "https://hromadske.radio/news/2022/10/08/minoborony-pro-kryms-kyy-mist-shcho-dali-na-cherzi-rosiiany",
694
+ "47": "https://www.dsnews.ua/ukr/politics/krymskiy-most-minoborony-ukrainy-i-glava-ukrpochty-potrollili-rossiyan-08102022-467433",
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+ "48": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63183409",
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+ "51": "https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/crimea-bridge-blast-is-an-act-of-terrorism-says-putin-fm6205dst",
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904
+ "dmytro marchenko",
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+ "kerch-bound",
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+ "crimea railway",
907
+ "ukraine",
908
+ "kremlin",
909
+ "kerch strait",
910
+ "national anti-terrorism committee of russia",
911
+ "vasyl malyuk",
912
+ "uk ministry of defence",
913
+ "mykhailo podolyak",
914
+ "simferopol",
915
+ "yenikale",
916
+ "putler",
917
+ "alexander bastrykin",
918
+ "kyiv",
919
+ "twitter",
920
+ "kerch bridge",
921
+ "crimea",
922
+ "sevastopol",
923
+ "ukrainian security service",
924
+ "moskva",
925
+ "russian federation",
926
+ "unian",
927
+ "national anti-terrorism committee",
928
+ "poland",
929
+ "bbc",
930
+ "vladimir putin",
931
+ "marilyn monroe",
932
+ "happy birthday",
933
+ "federal security service",
934
+ "russian-occupied",
935
+ "ukrposhta ihor smilianskyi",
936
+ "ukrainska pravda",
937
+ "united russia",
938
+ "nizhneangarsktransstroy",
939
+ "kerch",
940
+ "kennedy",
941
+ "state duma",
942
+ "ministry of transport",
943
+ "ministry of defense",
944
+ "ministry of emergency situations",
945
+ "ministry of foreign affairs",
946
+ "russia",
947
+ "vladimir solovyov",
948
+ "lefortovo",
949
+ "andrey gurulyov",
950
+ "crimean peninsula",
951
+ "marat khusnullin",
952
+ "john f.",
953
+ "volodymyr zelenskyy",
954
+ "russo-ukrainian war",
955
+ "the new york times",
956
+ "ministry of transport of russia",
957
+ "budanov",
958
+ "attack.russian",
959
+ "odesa",
960
+ "sergey aksyonov",
961
+ "russians",
962
+ "national security and defence council",
963
+ "european parliament",
964
+ "black sea",
965
+ "the new voice of ukraine",
966
+ "the guardian",
967
+ "bridge",
968
+ "putin",
969
+ "urmas reinsalu",
970
+ "armenia",
971
+ "security council of russia",
972
+ "robert biedro\u0144",
973
+ "us",
974
+ "dmitry medvedev",
975
+ "ukrainian crimea",
976
+ "russian armed forces",
977
+ "nikita tushkanov",
978
+ "crimean",
979
+ "russian",
980
+ "investigative committee of russia",
981
+ "bulgaria"
982
+ ]
983
+ }
json/2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,960 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Hungarian_parliamentary_election",
4
+ "summary": "Parliamentary elections were held in Hungary on 3 April 2022 to elect the National Assembly, coinciding with a referendum.Hungary's incumbent prime minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n declared victory on Sunday night, with partial results showing his Fidesz party leading the vote by a wide margin. Addressing his supporters after the partial results, Orb\u00e1n said: \"We won a victory so big that you can see it from the moon, and you can certainly see it from Brussels\". Opposition leader P\u00e9ter M\u00e1rki-Zay admitted defeat shortly after Orb\u00e1n's speech. Reuters described it as a \"crushing victory\".The election had been predicted to be closer than in previous years, but Fidesz still held a 5\u20136 percentage point lead in the polls leading up to the vote. OSCE deployed a full monitoring mission for the vote. With Orb\u00e1n seeking a fourth consecutive term in office, preliminary results showed his party Fidesz outperforming polls, winning its first absolute majority of the vote share since 2010 while expanding its supermajority to control 135 seats of the 199-seat Parliament, comfortably ahead of the opposition alliance United for Hungary, which was set to win 57 seats after 100% of the votes had been counted. The Mi Haz\u00e1nk party won seats for the first time, obtaining 6 seats.With 54.13% of the popular vote, Fidesz received the highest vote share by any party since the fall of communism in 1989.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Background",
8
+ "section_content": [],
9
+ "subsections": [
10
+ {
11
+ "section_title": "Amendment of the electoral law",
12
+ "section_content": [
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "The electoral law, under which the previous two elections were held (2014, 2018), specified the number of constituency candidates a party needed to run nationwide at 27, in at least 9 counties.",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "On 15 December 2020, the National Assembly, in which the governing parties held the needed 2/3 majority, voted to increase the requirements to a total of 71 constituency candidates in at least 14 counties and the capital",
19
+ "refs": []
20
+ }
21
+ ],
22
+ "subsections": []
23
+ },
24
+ {
25
+ "section_title": "Creation of joint opposition list",
26
+ "section_content": [
27
+ {
28
+ "sentence": "In 2019 local elections, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement, Dialogue and numerous other parties or independent candidates ran in joint lists",
29
+ "refs": []
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "sentence": "It enabled opposition parties to win the majority in the General Assembly of Budapest and in ten of the 23 cities with county rights",
33
+ "refs": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "sentence": "On 13 August 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement, MLP, UK and Dialogue decided to field joint candidates in all of Hungary's 106 constituencies and launch a joint program for the elections",
37
+ "refs": [
38
+ "https://www.valasztas.hu/d4/onk19/szavossz/onkval/hu/kiemelt.html",
39
+ "http://www.atv.hu/videok/video-20200814-liberalisok-az-ellenzeknek-most-nem-szabad-szethuznia"
40
+ ]
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "sentence": "On 15 November 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement and Dialogue agreed on running with a common candidate for Prime Minister, to be selected in a primary election",
44
+ "refs": []
45
+ },
46
+ {
47
+ "sentence": "They expect the candidate to be selected by 23 October 2021",
48
+ "refs": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "sentence": "On 20 December 2020, Democratic Coalition, Jobbik, LMP, MSZP, Momentum Movement and Dialogue decided on running together on a common list, solidifying their electoral alliance",
52
+ "refs": []
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "sentence": "The leaders of the respective parties have also signed a declaration containing the terms of their cooperation, titled \"Korszakv\u00e1lt\u00e1s Garanci\u00e1i\" (\"Principles for Hungary's governance after 2022\")",
56
+ "refs": [
57
+ "https://telex.hu/belfold/2020/11/16/kozos-miniszterelnok-jeloltet-allitanak-az-ellenzeki-partok-2022-re",
58
+ "https://m.hvg.hu/itthon/20201220_Megszuletett_a_teljes_ellenzeki_osszefogas"
59
+ ]
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "sentence": "The opposition coalition was very ideologically diverse, something described by observers as a potential hindrance to presenting a united front to defeat Orb\u00e1n",
63
+ "refs": []
64
+ }
65
+ ],
66
+ "subsections": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "section_title": "Opposition primary",
70
+ "section_content": [
71
+ {
72
+ "sentence": "The Opposition primary was held in Hungary, between 12 and 27 September 2021 (first round) and 10\u201316 October 2021 (second round), to select the candidate for Prime Minister of Hungary supported by the opposition parties to form a coalition to compete in the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election",
73
+ "refs": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "sentence": "It was the first countrywide primary election in the political history of Hungary.",
77
+ "refs": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "sentence": "On 17 October 2021, non-partisan candidate P\u00e9ter M\u00e1rki-Zay won in the runoff (second round) of the opposition primary, becoming the United Opposition candidate in the election for prime minister",
81
+ "refs": []
82
+ },
83
+ {
84
+ "sentence": "The parties had also selected common candidates for single-member districts via the primary in the first round",
85
+ "refs": []
86
+ }
87
+ ],
88
+ "subsections": []
89
+ }
90
+ ]
91
+ },
92
+ {
93
+ "section_title": "Electoral system",
94
+ "section_content": [
95
+ {
96
+ "sentence": "The 199 members of the National Assembly are to be elected by mixed-member majoritarian representation with two methods; 106 are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting, with the remaining 93 elected from a single nationwide constituency mostly by proportional representation, via a partially compensatory system (a hybrid of parallel voting and mixed single vote)",
97
+ "refs": []
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "sentence": "The electoral threshold is set at 5%, although this is raised to 10% for coalitions of two parties and 15% for coalitions of three or more parties",
101
+ "refs": []
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "sentence": "Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method",
105
+ "refs": []
106
+ },
107
+ {
108
+ "sentence": "The governing party is allowed to draw the boundaries of the single-member constituencies, and the boundaries were gerrymandered by the Fidesz government prior to the 2014 elections",
109
+ "refs": []
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "sentence": "The redrawing was done in a way that smaller constituencies (with fewer than 70,000 voters) had higher concentrations of Fidesz voters than larger constituencies (over 80,000 voters), meaning fewer votes were required to elect Fidesz constituency candidates",
113
+ "refs": []
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "sentence": "In 2010 seats varied in population by 35%",
117
+ "refs": [
118
+ "http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2141_B.htm"
119
+ ]
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "sentence": "Since 2014 each of the Armenian, Bulgarian, Croatian, German, Greek, Polish, Romani, Romanian, Rusyn, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, and Ukrainian ethnic minorities can win one of the 93 party lists seats if they register as a specific list and reach a lowered quota of 14\u00d793=1372\u22480.27%{\\displaystyle {\\frac {1}{4\\times 93}}={\\frac {1}{372}}\\approx 0.27\\%} of the total of party list votes",
123
+ "refs": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "sentence": "Each minority is able to send a minority spokesman \u2013 without the rights of a MP \u2013 to the National Assembly, if the list does not reach this lowered quota",
127
+ "refs": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "sentence": "Due to internal disputes, the National Self-Government of Romani did not participate in the election",
131
+ "refs": []
132
+ }
133
+ ],
134
+ "subsections": []
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "section_title": "Parties and coalitions",
138
+ "section_content": [
139
+ {
140
+ "sentence": "The following parties are represented in the National Assembly, or are commonly included in public opinion polling:",
141
+ "refs": []
142
+ }
143
+ ],
144
+ "subsections": []
145
+ },
146
+ {
147
+ "section_title": "Opinion polls",
148
+ "section_content": [],
149
+ "subsections": []
150
+ },
151
+ {
152
+ "section_title": "Results",
153
+ "section_content": [],
154
+ "subsections": [
155
+ {
156
+ "section_title": "Result by constituency",
157
+ "section_content": [],
158
+ "subsections": []
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "section_title": "Party list results by county and in the diaspora",
162
+ "section_content": [],
163
+ "subsections": []
164
+ }
165
+ ]
166
+ },
167
+ {
168
+ "section_title": "Aftermath",
169
+ "section_content": [
170
+ {
171
+ "sentence": "Hungary's incumbent prime minister Viktor Orb\u00e1n declared victory on Sunday night, with partial results showing his Fidesz party leading the vote by a wide margin",
172
+ "refs": []
173
+ },
174
+ {
175
+ "sentence": "Addressing his supporters after the partial results, Orb\u00e1n said: \"We won a victory so big that you can see it from the moon, and you can certainly see it from Brussels\"",
176
+ "refs": []
177
+ },
178
+ {
179
+ "sentence": "Orb\u00e1n would go on to declare his victory as a rebuke against the Hungarian left, international media, George Soros, the \"Brussels bureaucrats\", and Volodymyr Zelenskyy",
180
+ "refs": [
181
+ "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/01/11/aprilis-3-ara-irta-ki-a-valasztast-ader-janos"
182
+ ]
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "sentence": "Opposition leader P\u00e9ter M\u00e1rki-Zay admitted defeat shortly after Orb\u00e1n's speech",
186
+ "refs": [
187
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
188
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
189
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
190
+ ]
191
+ },
192
+ {
193
+ "sentence": "Reuters described it as a \"crushing victory.\"",
194
+ "refs": [
195
+ "https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-viktor-orban-europe-nato-budapest-e29b5d42a86086bb65b413e2b6d1c2bc",
196
+ "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/03/hungary-election-prime-minister-viktor-orban-and-fidesz-in-nationwide-vote.html"
197
+ ]
198
+ },
199
+ {
200
+ "sentence": "The election had been predicted to be closer than in previous years, but Fidesz still held a 5\u20136 percentage point lead in the polls leading up to the vote",
201
+ "refs": []
202
+ },
203
+ {
204
+ "sentence": "OSCE deployed a full monitoring mission for the vote",
205
+ "refs": [
206
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/hungarians-vote-orbans-12-year-rule-tight-ballot-overshadowed-by-ukraine-war-2022-04-03/"
207
+ ]
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "sentence": "With Orb\u00e1n seeking a fourth consecutive term in office, preliminary results showed his party Fidesz was set to outperform polls, retain its supermajority and control 135 seats of the 199-seat Parliament, comfortably ahead of the opposition alliance United for Hungary, which was set to win 57 seats after 100% of the votes had been counted",
211
+ "refs": [
212
+ "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/03/hungary-election-prime-minister-viktor-orban-and-fidesz-in-nationwide-vote.html"
213
+ ]
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "sentence": "The Mi Haz\u00e1nk party won seats for the first time, obtaining 6 seats",
217
+ "refs": [
218
+ "https://www.rferl.org/a/hungary-elections-osce-orban-fraud/31783927.html"
219
+ ]
220
+ }
221
+ ],
222
+ "subsections": [
223
+ {
224
+ "section_title": "Analysis",
225
+ "section_content": [
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "Domestically, the degree of Fidesz's victory was attributed to Fidesz's influence over the domestic media landscape, voters' desire for stability during the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, strong ideological differences within the main opposition coalition, the perception of M\u00e1rki-Zay as inexperienced, and urban\u2013rural political polarization",
228
+ "refs": []
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "sentence": "Some analysts claimed that the majority of Jobbik voters turned out for Fidesz or Mi Haz\u00e1nk instead of the united opposition",
232
+ "refs": [
233
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
234
+ ]
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "sentence": "M\u00e1rki-Zay shared this assessment, admitting that the united opposition may have lost up to \"two thirds\" of Jobbik voters",
238
+ "refs": [
239
+ "https://vtr.valasztas.hu/ogy2022"
240
+ ]
241
+ },
242
+ {
243
+ "sentence": "Other opposition leaders could not immediately agree on how to assess their defeat",
244
+ "refs": [
245
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60977917"
246
+ ]
247
+ },
248
+ {
249
+ "sentence": "DK leader Ferenc Gyurcs\u00e1ny and Jobbik leader P\u00e9ter Jakab blamed M\u00e1rky-Zay, while Bernadett Sz\u00e9l and \u00c1kos Hadh\u00e1zy did not",
250
+ "refs": [
251
+ "https://www.axios.com/hungary-election-orbn-slams-zelensky-after-win-d54ce9a0-ccb5-4aa5-b9bb-a392198cef87.html",
252
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/03/europe/hungary-election-results-viktor-orban-intl/index.html",
253
+ "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/04/a-fidesz-ujabb-ketharmadanak-ot-fontos-tanulsaga-ot-pontban"
254
+ ]
255
+ },
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "P\u00e9ter Ung\u00e1r claimed that while it was a \"strategic mistake\" for a center-left alliance to nominate the conservative M\u00e1rky-Zay, the united opposition's \"elitist\" rhetoric may have hurt it with rural voters even in traditionally left-leaning constituencies",
258
+ "refs": [
259
+ "https://politicalcapital.hu/hirek.php?article_read=1&article_id=2989"
260
+ ]
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "sentence": "Politico predicted Orb\u00e1n's victory would lead to further clashes between the Hungarian government and European Union institutions",
264
+ "refs": []
265
+ },
266
+ {
267
+ "sentence": "Analysts found that Fidesz performed strongest in areas with high birthrates and with lower educational or economic attainment, while the united opposition did best in Budapest and in a few other urban areas",
268
+ "refs": [
269
+ "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/04/jakab-peter-jobbik-valasztas-2022-marki-zay-peter-eredmeny",
270
+ "https://hang.hu/belfold/jakab-peter-epp-eleget-mostam-mar-marki-zay-szennyeset-139141",
271
+ "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/03/valasztas-2022-percrol-percre-elo-tudositas"
272
+ ]
273
+ }
274
+ ],
275
+ "subsections": []
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "section_title": "Conduct",
279
+ "section_content": [
280
+ {
281
+ "sentence": "International observers' assessments of the electoral process were mixed",
282
+ "refs": []
283
+ },
284
+ {
285
+ "sentence": "The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) monitoring mission evaluated that \"the legal framework forms an adequate basis for democratic elections to be held, but a number of key aspects fall short of international standards.\" The OSCE added that the election day passed peacefully, with observers assessing the process as well-organized, orderly, and smooth",
286
+ "refs": []
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "sentence": "The monitoring mission further reported that the elections \"offered voters distinct alternatives and were well run, but, while competitive, was marred by the pervasive overlapping of government and ruling coalition\u2019s messaging that blurred the line between state and party, as well as by media bias and opaque campaign funding.\" Human Rights Watch stated that the election was \"marred by serious concerns about its fairness,\" adding that the \"EU has responded insufficiently to the hollowing out of democracy and the rule of law in Hungary,\" while Freedom House described the election as neither free nor fair",
290
+ "refs": [
291
+ "https://www.politico.eu/article/orban-win-sets-stage-for-more-eu-battles-on-democracy-and-russia/",
292
+ "https://hungarytoday.hu/more-people-vote-for-governing-fidesz-in-places-with-many-children/"
293
+ ]
294
+ }
295
+ ],
296
+ "subsections": []
297
+ },
298
+ {
299
+ "section_title": "Anomalies over postal ballots",
300
+ "section_content": [
301
+ {
302
+ "sentence": "Since the 2014 parliamentary election, the right to vote is extended to Hungarian citizens, after a registration process, who do not have a permanent residence in Hungary (i.e",
303
+ "refs": []
304
+ },
305
+ {
306
+ "sentence": "mostly the Hungarian diaspora in the neighboring countries, who have dual citizenship); however, they can only vote for the national list of Hungarian parties, so they do not have a chance to vote in individual constituencies",
307
+ "refs": []
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "Unlike those Hungarians who have a Hungarian address but live abroad, the members of the Hungarian diaspora can cast their ballots by post without having to travel to an embassy or consulate",
311
+ "refs": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "sentence": "Critics say this method do not provide sufficient guarantees to prevent election fraud",
315
+ "refs": []
316
+ },
317
+ {
318
+ "sentence": "Since 2014, the ruling party Fidesz\u2013KDNP usually acquired more than 90 percent of the vote among the Hungarian diaspora",
319
+ "refs": []
320
+ },
321
+ {
322
+ "sentence": "Transtelex.ro, a Hungarian-language Romanian news portal revealed all possible frauds allowed by the legally undeveloped system",
323
+ "refs": []
324
+ },
325
+ {
326
+ "sentence": "For instance, the registration process was not secure, as the data allowed a voter to register on behalf of another person and retrieve voting documents to any address",
327
+ "refs": []
328
+ },
329
+ {
330
+ "sentence": "In the case of identification sheets, it was not possible to determine with absolute certainty whether it had actually been completed by the person whose name appears on it",
331
+ "refs": []
332
+ },
333
+ {
334
+ "sentence": "As a result of a change in legislation in 2021, it was possible to return the vote without the posted security sealed envelope, therefore, there was no guarantee that the ballot paper had not been replaced",
335
+ "refs": []
336
+ },
337
+ {
338
+ "sentence": "There were several reports that a person could also easily vote on behalf of their family members",
339
+ "refs": [
340
+ "https://balkaninsight.com/2022/04/08/democracy-digest-aftermath-of-hungary-election/"
341
+ ]
342
+ },
343
+ {
344
+ "sentence": "Telex.hu reported a case that grandparents of a woman from Odorheiu Secuiesc, who resided in Budapest in the weeks of the election, filled her personal data and voted on her behalf",
345
+ "refs": []
346
+ },
347
+ {
348
+ "sentence": "She said, \"I have already been outraged that they have filled in the official paper and sent it for me, abusing my personal rights, but, in addition, they have voted for a party that I do not support because it represents an ideologically opposed position to me\"",
349
+ "refs": []
350
+ },
351
+ {
352
+ "sentence": "According to reports, the activists of the Fidesz-ally Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians (VMSZ) delivered the ballot papers instead of the Po\u0161ta Srbije in Vojvodina, Serbia",
353
+ "refs": []
354
+ },
355
+ {
356
+ "sentence": "News portal Szabad Magyar Sz\u00f3 reported that the party officials sent messages to the registered voters to come to the local offices of the VMSZ to cast their ballot there",
357
+ "refs": []
358
+ },
359
+ {
360
+ "sentence": "In Transylvania, Romania, pro-Fidesz organizations and parties of the Hungarian minority, including the parliamentary party Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR or RMDSZ) also urged the registered voters to pass on their votes to them and not to entrust the postal service with the delivery of their ballot papers, because there is less chance that the vote will reach Hungary",
361
+ "refs": [
362
+ "https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-fidesz-voters-villages/"
363
+ ]
364
+ },
365
+ {
366
+ "sentence": "In response, the Po\u0219ta Rom\u00e2n\u0103 complained against the call",
367
+ "refs": []
368
+ },
369
+ {
370
+ "sentence": "In the area between Livezeni and T\u00e2rgu Mure\u0219 in Romania, a bag containing partially burnt Hungarian election postal ballot papers was found on illegal waste dump on 1 April 2022",
371
+ "refs": []
372
+ },
373
+ {
374
+ "sentence": "Every ballot papers were filled out with votes for the opposition United for Hungary alliance or Our Homeland Movement",
375
+ "refs": []
376
+ },
377
+ {
378
+ "sentence": "The National Election Office (NVI) and the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union (TASZ) filed a criminal complaint over the burnt ballot papers to the Hungarian Police",
379
+ "refs": [
380
+ "https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/05/hungary-ruling-partys-lock-power-threatens-eu"
381
+ ]
382
+ },
383
+ {
384
+ "sentence": "P\u00e9ter M\u00e1rki-Zay, prime minister-candidate of the United for Hungary called on the annulment of all postal votes",
385
+ "refs": []
386
+ },
387
+ {
388
+ "sentence": "Anna Orosz of the Momentum Movement demanded that the government ensure a level playing field for all Hungarian citizens voting abroad",
389
+ "refs": []
390
+ },
391
+ {
392
+ "sentence": "Jobbik politician D\u00e1niel Z",
393
+ "refs": []
394
+ },
395
+ {
396
+ "sentence": "K\u00e1rp\u00e1t compared the scandal with the infamous \"blue-ballot\" election in 1947",
397
+ "refs": []
398
+ },
399
+ {
400
+ "sentence": "The Fidesz blamed the United for Hungary for burning the ballot papers, saying \"the desperate left-wing is capable of anything despicable\"",
401
+ "refs": []
402
+ },
403
+ {
404
+ "sentence": "The Fidesz-ally UDMR also condemned the \"accusations of election fraud\", assuming \"an organized provocation\" against the ethnic Hungarian minority in Romania",
405
+ "refs": []
406
+ },
407
+ {
408
+ "sentence": "The National Election Commission (NVB) announced on 3 April it will not investigate the issue of the discarded and burned postal ballots, because the election law only covers the territory of Hungary",
409
+ "refs": [
410
+ "https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-fidesz-voters-villages/"
411
+ ]
412
+ },
413
+ {
414
+ "sentence": "The Curia of Hungary upheld the NVB's decision on 10 April 2022",
415
+ "refs": []
416
+ },
417
+ {
418
+ "sentence": "The ruling Fidesz acquired 93.91 percent of the mail votes, which accounted for 8% of all votes cast on the party's national list",
419
+ "refs": []
420
+ },
421
+ {
422
+ "sentence": "This meant an extra mandate for Fidesz",
423
+ "refs": []
424
+ },
425
+ {
426
+ "sentence": "The United for Hungary and the Our Homeland gained only 4.1 and 1.06 percent, respectively",
427
+ "refs": []
428
+ }
429
+ ],
430
+ "subsections": []
431
+ },
432
+ {
433
+ "section_title": "International responses",
434
+ "section_content": [
435
+ {
436
+ "sentence": "Heads of government and heads of state congratulating Orb\u00e1n on his victory included Russian president Vladimir Putin, Czech president Milo\u0161 Zeman, Slovenian prime minister Janez Jan\u0161a, Croatian prime minister Andrej Plenkovi\u0107, Kazakh president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Indian prime minister Narendra Modi, Albanian prime minister Edi Rama, Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Israeli president Isaac Herzog, Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, Bulgarian president Rumen Radev, Kyrgyz president Sadyr Japarov, Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko, Serbian president Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107, Slovak prime minister Eduard Heger, Chinese premier Li Keqiang, Austrian chancellor Karl Nehammer, and Czech prime minister Petr Fiala",
437
+ "refs": [
438
+ "https://transtelex.ro/kozelet/2022/03/30/magyarorszagi-valasztasok-levelszavazatok-visszaeles",
439
+ "https://telex.hu/kozelet/2022/03/31/sajat-nagyszulei-nyultak-le-a-szavazatat-a-szekelyudvarhelyi-lakosnak",
440
+ "https://xpatloop.com/channels/2022/04/dumped-hungarian-postal-ballots-found-in-transylvania.html",
441
+ "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/10/a-kuria-szerint-sem-vizsgalhatja-az-nvb-a-marosvasarhelyen-talalt-levelszavazatok-ugyet",
442
+ "https://444.hu/2022/04/09/a-levelszavazatok-9398-szazaleka-ment-a-fideszre",
443
+ "https://hungarytoday.hu/putin-orban-hungary-election-victory-congratulates/",
444
+ "https://english.sta.si/3021907/jansa-congratulates-orban-on-re-election",
445
+ "https://www.glasistre.hr/svijet/premijer-plenkovic-cestitao-orbanu-i-vucicu-788369",
446
+ "https://www.inform.kz/en/president-tokayev-sends-congratulatory-letter-to-prime-minister-of-hungary-viktor-orb-n_a3918972",
447
+ "https://dailynewshungary.com/these-heads-of-government-congratulated-orban-on-his-election-victory/",
448
+ "https://www.origo.hu/nagyvilag/20180413-abdel-fattah-esz-sziszi-es-jens-stoltenberg-gratulalt-orban-viktornak.html",
449
+ "https://dailynewshungary.com/these-heads-of-government-congratulated-orban-on-his-election-victory/",
450
+ "https://izraelinfo.com/2022/04/07/izrael-elnoke-is-gratulalt-orban-viktornak/",
451
+ "https://dailynewshungary.com/these-heads-of-government-congratulated-orban-on-his-election-victory/"
452
+ ]
453
+ },
454
+ {
455
+ "sentence": "Other politicians and political parties to congratulate Orb\u00e1n included Matteo Salvini, leader of Italy's Northern League and former deputy prime minister, Hunor Kelemen, leader of Romania's UDMR and deputy prime minister, Nigel Farage, former leader of United Kingdom's Brexit Party, former Slovak prime minister Robert Fico, former U.S",
456
+ "refs": [
457
+ "https://bnr.bg/en/post/101626959/president-radev-congratulates-orban-and-vucic-for-their-election-victories",
458
+ "https://hvg.hu/itthon/20220405_donald_trump_orban_viktor_gratulacio",
459
+ "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/05/lukasenko-is-gratulalt-orban-viktornak-a-valasztasi-gyozelemhez",
460
+ "https://444.hu/2022/04/09/a-levelszavazatok-9398-szazaleka-ment-a-fideszre"
461
+ ]
462
+ },
463
+ {
464
+ "sentence": "president Donald Trump, Marine Le Pen, leader of France's National Rally, Dutch Party for Freedom politician Geert Wilders, Milorad Dodik, the Serb member of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the Spanish political party Vox",
465
+ "refs": [
466
+ "https://ujszo.com/kozelet/heger-is-gratulalt-orbannak-a-valasztasi-gyozelmehez",
467
+ "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/05/lukasenko-is-gratulalt-orban-viktornak-a-valasztasi-gyozelemhez",
468
+ "https://www.trt.net.tr/magyar/turkiye-30/2022/04/05/telefonon-targyalt-erdogan-es-orban-1807687"
469
+ ]
470
+ },
471
+ {
472
+ "sentence": "Reflecting ongoing tensions over Russian sanctions, Polish prime minister Mateusz Morawiecki was slightly more reserved but said that \"regardless of [Poland's] relations with Hungary, we must note that the Fidesz-Christian Democrat alliance won its fourth consecutive election with the best possible results.\"",
473
+ "refs": [
474
+ "https://hungarytoday.hu/salvini-first-to-hail-orban-win/",
475
+ "https://444.hu/2022/04/09/a-levelszavazatok-9398-szazaleka-ment-a-fideszre"
476
+ ]
477
+ },
478
+ {
479
+ "sentence": "The President of the European Council, Charles Michel, also congratulated Orb\u00e1n, while the Secretary General of NATO, Jens Stoltenberg, expressed \"acknowledgment\" of the results",
480
+ "refs": []
481
+ },
482
+ {
483
+ "sentence": "Two days after the election, European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen announced that the commission would begin cutting funding to Hungary over rule-of-law concerns",
484
+ "refs": []
485
+ },
486
+ {
487
+ "sentence": "Hungarian government officials criticized the move as an attempt to \"punish Hungarian voters.\"",
488
+ "refs": [
489
+ "https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=522298022586008&id=100044174450694",
490
+ "https://twitter.com/Nigel_Farage/status/1510881124297367553"
491
+ ]
492
+ }
493
+ ],
494
+ "subsections": []
495
+ }
496
+ ]
497
+ },
498
+ {
499
+ "section_title": "See also",
500
+ "section_content": [],
501
+ "subsections": []
502
+ },
503
+ {
504
+ "section_title": "Notes",
505
+ "section_content": [],
506
+ "subsections": []
507
+ },
508
+ {
509
+ "section_title": "References",
510
+ "section_content": [],
511
+ "subsections": []
512
+ },
513
+ {
514
+ "section_title": "External links",
515
+ "section_content": [],
516
+ "subsections": []
517
+ }
518
+ ],
519
+ "references": {
520
+ "1": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
521
+ "27": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
522
+ "28": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
523
+ "29": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
524
+ "30": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
525
+ "2": "https://www.portfolio.hu/gazdasag/20220111/megvan-mikor-lesznek-a-2022-es-parlamenti-valasztasok-520568",
526
+ "3": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/01/11/aprilis-3-ara-irta-ki-a-valasztast-ader-janos",
527
+ "4": "https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-viktor-orban-europe-nato-budapest-e29b5d42a86086bb65b413e2b6d1c2bc",
528
+ "5": "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/03/hungary-election-prime-minister-viktor-orban-and-fidesz-in-nationwide-vote.html",
529
+ "6": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/hungarians-vote-orbans-12-year-rule-tight-ballot-overshadowed-by-ukraine-war-2022-04-03/",
530
+ "7": "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/03/hungary-election-prime-minister-viktor-orban-and-fidesz-in-nationwide-vote.html",
531
+ "8": "https://www.rferl.org/a/hungary-elections-osce-orban-fraud/31783927.html",
532
+ "9": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/03/viktor-orban-expected-to-win-big-majority-in-hungarian-general-election",
533
+ "10": "https://hungarytoday.hu/mi-hazank-election-result-parliament-2022/",
534
+ "11": "https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a1100203.tv",
535
+ "12": "https://24.hu/belfold/2020/12/15/alaptorveny-alkotmany-szavazas-parlament/",
536
+ "13": "https://www.valasztas.hu/d4/onk19/szavossz/onkval/hu/kiemelt.html",
537
+ "14": "http://www.atv.hu/videok/video-20200814-liberalisok-az-ellenzeknek-most-nem-szabad-szethuznia",
538
+ "15": "https://www.facebook.com/ujkezdet.hu/posts/1177571019289148",
539
+ "16": "https://hungarytoday.hu/opposition-to-field-joint-candidates-in-all-constituencies-in-2022/",
540
+ "17": "https://telex.hu/belfold/2020/11/16/kozos-miniszterelnok-jeloltet-allitanak-az-ellenzeki-partok-2022-re",
541
+ "18": "https://m.hvg.hu/itthon/20201220_Megszuletett_a_teljes_ellenzeki_osszefogas",
542
+ "19": "https://www.politico.eu/article/hungary-opposition-unites-in-bid-to-unseat-orban/",
543
+ "20": "https://www.politico.eu/article/inside-the-hungarian-opposition-uphill-battle-to-beat-viktor-orban-fidesz-party/",
544
+ "21": "https://www.politico.eu/article/conservative-peter-marki-zay-wins-hungary-opposition-race-to-face-viktor-orban-in-2022/",
545
+ "22": "http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2141_B.htm",
546
+ "23": "https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/04/02/a-wild-gerrymander-makes-hungarys-fidesz-party-hard-to-dislodge",
547
+ "24": "https://www.valaszonline.hu/2022/01/18/valasztasi-foldrajz-keruletek-lakossag-aranytalansag-elemzes/",
548
+ "25": "http://www.valasztas.hu/web/national-election-office/parliamentary-elections-2018",
549
+ "26": "https://444.hu/2022/02/01/botranyos-kozgyules-utan-nemzetisegi-lista-nelkul-maradt-az-orszagos-roma-onkormanyzat",
550
+ "31": "https://vtr.valasztas.hu/ogy2022",
551
+ "32": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-60977917",
552
+ "33": "https://www.axios.com/hungary-election-orbn-slams-zelensky-after-win-d54ce9a0-ccb5-4aa5-b9bb-a392198cef87.html",
553
+ "34": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/03/europe/hungary-election-results-viktor-orban-intl/index.html",
554
+ "35": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/04/a-fidesz-ujabb-ketharmadanak-ot-fontos-tanulsaga-ot-pontban",
555
+ "36": "https://politicalcapital.hu/hirek.php?article_read=1&article_id=2989",
556
+ "37": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/04/valasztas-2022-marki-zay-peter-ellenzek-fidesz",
557
+ "38": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/03/gyurcsany-ferenc-valasztas-2022-eredmeny",
558
+ "39": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/04/jakab-peter-jobbik-valasztas-2022-marki-zay-peter-eredmeny",
559
+ "40": "https://hang.hu/belfold/jakab-peter-epp-eleget-mostam-mar-marki-zay-szennyeset-139141",
560
+ "41": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/03/valasztas-2022-percrol-percre-elo-tudositas",
561
+ "42": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/04/ungar-peter-lmp-valasztas-atv",
562
+ "43": "https://www.politico.eu/article/orban-win-sets-stage-for-more-eu-battles-on-democracy-and-russia/",
563
+ "44": "https://hungarytoday.hu/more-people-vote-for-governing-fidesz-in-places-with-many-children/",
564
+ "45": "https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-lower-education-level-support-fidesz-opposition-2022-elections/",
565
+ "46": "https://hungarytoday.hu/hungary-fidesz-voters-villages/",
566
+ "47": "https://balkaninsight.com/2022/04/08/democracy-digest-aftermath-of-hungary-election/",
567
+ "48": "https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/515135",
568
+ "49": "https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/05/hungary-ruling-partys-lock-power-threatens-eu",
569
+ "50": "https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2022/from-democratic-decline-to-authoritarian-aggression",
570
+ "51": "https://hungarytoday.hu/discarded-burnt-postal-ballots-scandals-postal-voting-hungary-fidesz-opposition-rmdsz/",
571
+ "52": "https://transtelex.ro/kozelet/2022/03/30/magyarorszagi-valasztasok-levelszavazatok-visszaeles",
572
+ "53": "https://telex.hu/kozelet/2022/03/31/sajat-nagyszulei-nyultak-le-a-szavazatat-a-szekelyudvarhelyi-lakosnak",
573
+ "54": "https://xpatloop.com/channels/2022/04/dumped-hungarian-postal-ballots-found-in-transylvania.html",
574
+ "55": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/10/a-kuria-szerint-sem-vizsgalhatja-az-nvb-a-marosvasarhelyen-talalt-levelszavazatok-ugyet",
575
+ "56": "https://444.hu/2022/04/09/a-levelszavazatok-9398-szazaleka-ment-a-fideszre",
576
+ "57": "https://hungarytoday.hu/putin-orban-hungary-election-victory-congratulates/",
577
+ "58": "https://english.sta.si/3021907/jansa-congratulates-orban-on-re-election",
578
+ "59": "https://www.glasistre.hr/svijet/premijer-plenkovic-cestitao-orbanu-i-vucicu-788369",
579
+ "60": "https://www.inform.kz/en/president-tokayev-sends-congratulatory-letter-to-prime-minister-of-hungary-viktor-orb-n_a3918972",
580
+ "61": "https://dailynewshungary.com/these-heads-of-government-congratulated-orban-on-his-election-victory/",
581
+ "62": "https://www.origo.hu/nagyvilag/20180413-abdel-fattah-esz-sziszi-es-jens-stoltenberg-gratulalt-orban-viktornak.html",
582
+ "63": "https://izraelinfo.com/2022/04/07/izrael-elnoke-is-gratulalt-orban-viktornak/",
583
+ "64": "https://www.trt.net.tr/magyar/turkiye-30/2022/04/05/telefonon-targyalt-erdogan-es-orban-1807687",
584
+ "65": "https://bnr.bg/en/post/101626959/president-radev-congratulates-orban-and-vucic-for-their-election-victories",
585
+ "66": "https://hvg.hu/itthon/20220405_donald_trump_orban_viktor_gratulacio",
586
+ "67": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/05/lukasenko-is-gratulalt-orban-viktornak-a-valasztasi-gyozelemhez",
587
+ "68": "https://ujszo.com/kozelet/heger-is-gratulalt-orbannak-a-valasztasi-gyozelmehez",
588
+ "69": "https://telex.hu/valasztas-2022/2022/04/05/lukasenko-is-gratulalt-orban-viktornak-a-valasztasi-gyozelemhez",
589
+ "70": "https://hungarytoday.hu/salvini-first-to-hail-orban-win/",
590
+ "71": "https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=522298022586008&id=100044174450694",
591
+ "72": "https://twitter.com/Nigel_Farage/status/1510881124297367553",
592
+ "73": "https://www.vg.hu/kozelet/2022/04/donald-trump-is-gratulalt-orban-viktor-gyozelmehez",
593
+ "74": "https://www.facebook.com/MarineLePen/posts/523621595799415",
594
+ "75": "https://twitter.com/vox_es/status/1510741887887499264",
595
+ "76": "https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-commission-to-trigger-rule-of-law-budget-tool-against-hungary/",
596
+ "77": "https://telex.hu/belfold/2022/04/05/reagalt-a-kormany-a-jogallamisagi-eljarasra-brusszel-hibazik-amikor-ugyanazt-a-notat-fujja-mint-a-magyar-baloldal"
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+ },
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+ "spicy_entities": {
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+ "hungary": "GPE",
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+ "reuters": "ORG",
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+ "previous years": "DATE",
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+ "5\u20136": "CARDINAL",
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+ "osce": "ORG",
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+ "fourth": "ORDINAL",
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+ "2010": "DATE",
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+ "135": "CARDINAL",
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+ "199": "CARDINAL",
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+ "parliament": "ORG",
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+ "united": "GPE",
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json/2022_Istanbul_bombing.json ADDED
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+ {
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+ "title": "2022_Istanbul_bombing",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Istanbul_bombing",
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+ "summary": "A terrorist attack occurred on \u0130stiklal Avenue in the Beyo\u011flu district of Istanbul, Turkey, on 13 November 2022 (2022-11-13), killing 6 people and injuring 81 others.No group has claimed responsibility, but Turkish authorities announced that Kurdish separatists were behind the attack, implicating the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Syrian Kurdish Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF). Turkey's interior minister, S\u00fcleyman Soylu, announced the arrest of the bomber and forty-six others.The city experienced previous terrorist attacks during the late 20th and early 21st century by Kurdish separatists and Islamist insurgents. An Islamic State suicide bombing in the same district killed four people in 2016.PKK, and SDF denied involvements in the bombing. On 20 November, Turkey launched Operation Claw-Sword, bombing nearly 500 targets in Syria and Iraq.",
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+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Background",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "During the late 20th and early 21st century, Islamists and Kurdish nationalists carried out many attacks in Istanbul, including a suicide bombing attack in March 2016 in \u0130stiklal Avenue, which killed five people",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Islamic State-Turkey conflict",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The last attack by Islamic State in Turkey was a mass shooting in Ortak\u00f6y, Be\u015fikta\u015f, Istanbul, in 2017, in which 39 people were killed",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "PKK-Turkey conflict",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "For decades, the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) has led an insurgency in Turkey, demanding Kurdish self-rule in southeastern Turkey",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "An estimated 45,000 and 15,000 people have been killed in the conflict in Turkey and in its southern neighbor countries, [citation needed] respectively",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/istanbul-bombing-suspect-arrested-as-turkey-minister-blames-kurdish-separatists",
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+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-blames-istanbul-blast-kurdish-militants-arrests-22-including-bomber-2022-11-14/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "PKK is considered a terrorist organization by Turkey, the European Union, and the United States",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The People's Defense Units (YPG) are a Syrian Kurdish group related to Turkey's PKK while part of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) which controls northeastern Syria; both YPG and SDF are supported by the US, leading to tensions between Turkey and the US",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/istanbul-bombing-suspect-arrested-as-turkey-minister-blames-kurdish-separatists",
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/istanbul-bombing-suspect-arrested-as-turkey-minister-blames-kurdish-separatists"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The 2013\u20132015 ceasefire supported by Erdogan and PKK gave hope for a long-term peace to the conflict in Turkey",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-blames-istanbul-blast-kurdish-militants-arrests-22-including-bomber-2022-11-14/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In June 2015, the parliamentary elections delivered AKP's government a major defeat, losing its majority, while pro-Kurdish-rights HDP made notable progresses",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Soon after, the Ceylanp\u0131nar incident was considered a casus belli to return to full scale confrontation, resulting in much higher monthly death tolls",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Erdogan conveyed the November 2015 snap elections, regaining AKP's majority through security concerns",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/turkeys-pkk-conflict-visual-explainer"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Since the 2016 Turkish coup attempt and the following purges, political discourse, media, public speech as well as academic and judiciary voices are heavily monitored, with nearly no possible opposition to governmental discourse",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "While the intensity of the PKK-Turkey conflict in Turkey decrease in recent years, since 2015, Turkey lead nearly 12 external military operations resulting in the deaths of an estimated 15,000 neighbouring citizens",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://turkishminute.com/2022/10/29/ogans-alliance-leaves-turkeys-opposition-bloc-behind-without-votes-of-pro-kurdish-hdp-poll/",
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+ "https://nordicmonitor.com/2019/03/turkish-intelligence-vetted-journalists-working-at-kurdish-state-tv/",
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+ "https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/turkeys-pkk-conflict-visual-explainer"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "As of 2022, Turkey is heading toward its 2023 Turkish general election which is expected to be a major challenge for the AKP party due to economic slowdown and very high inflation",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In the past decade, Erdo\u011fan and the AKP government used anti-PKK, security, martial rhetoric and external operations to raise Turkish nationalist votes before elections",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.duvarenglish.com/peoples-inflation-for-basic-goods-at-177-percent-in-turkey-news-61461",
90
+ "https://www.euronews.com/2022/11/03/annual-inflation-in-turkey-reaches-record-25-year-high-of-855"
91
+ ]
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "sentence": "In between, security concerns and anti-terrorism laws have been used to repress and neutralize elected oppositions",
95
+ "refs": [
96
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/explainer-istanbul-blast-political-implications-93281106",
97
+ "https://ipa.news/2019/04/16/acquittal-of-nine-ceylanpinar-murder-suspects-upheld/",
98
+ "https://www.mei.edu/publications/can-erdogan-survive-without-kurdish-question"
99
+ ]
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "sentence": "Opposition HDP elected officials are systematically probed, arrested, dismissed based on tenuous accusations, to then be replaced by pro-government AKP appointees",
103
+ "refs": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "sentence": "In April 2022, as Turkey continued Operation Claw-Lock and strikes against PKK and YPG targets, senior Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) commander, Duran Kalkan publicly said: \"We will attack everywhere in Turkey",
107
+ "refs": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "sentence": "Not only military targets and military positions, but large cities",
111
+ "refs": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "sentence": "Areas they don't expect will become war zones\" unless Turkey halts its operations",
115
+ "refs": [
116
+ "https://eeradicalization.com/a-terrorist-attack-in-turkey-and-the-hunt-for-the-perpetrators/",
117
+ "https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/11/15/fojb-n15.html"
118
+ ]
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "sentence": "Since May 2022, Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan and his government have called for new external ground operations toward autonomous territories in Syria and ramped up attacks on the area",
122
+ "refs": [
123
+ "https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/pkkyi-pence-kilit-korkusu-sardi-elebasi-murat-karayilan-careyi-eylem-cagrisi-yapmakta-buldu-3806256"
124
+ ]
125
+ },
126
+ {
127
+ "sentence": "The PKK, SDF, and the YPG have denied any involvement and the AANES accused Turkey with having used such attacks as a pretext for invasions in the past",
128
+ "refs": [
129
+ "https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/141120221"
130
+ ]
131
+ }
132
+ ],
133
+ "subsections": []
134
+ }
135
+ ]
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "section_title": "Bombing",
139
+ "section_content": [
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "The explosion occurred at 4:20\u00a0pm on 13 November 2022, on \u0130stiklal Avenue in Beyo\u011flu, in the European part of Istanbul",
142
+ "refs": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "sentence": "\u0130stiklal Avenue is a popular tourist street and one of the main roads leading to Taksim Square",
146
+ "refs": [
147
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/pkk-denies-role-in-istanbul-bomb-attack-that-killed-six"
148
+ ]
149
+ },
150
+ {
151
+ "sentence": "The bomb went off in front of a shopping store",
152
+ "refs": [
153
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/europe/istanbul-turkey-explosion-intl/index.html"
154
+ ]
155
+ },
156
+ {
157
+ "sentence": "At the time of the blast, the area was more crowded than normal, as a football club was preparing to play nearby",
158
+ "refs": []
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "According to Turkish news portal OdaTV, the explosion was caused by an improvised explosive device containing TNT",
162
+ "refs": [
163
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/world/middleeast/turkey-explosion-istanbul.html"
164
+ ]
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "sentence": "The blast caused windows to break and images circulating on social media showed people bleeding",
168
+ "refs": [
169
+ "https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/emniyet-laboratuvar-sonuclarini-paylasti-patlamada-tnt-kullanildi-702719h"
170
+ ]
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "sentence": "Firefighters and ambulances rushed to the scene",
174
+ "refs": [
175
+ "https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/istanbul-recep-tayyip-erdogan-spricht-nach-explosion-von-hinterhaeltigem-anschlag-a-0569955c-65c3-4285-ae04-c0405601b6cf"
176
+ ]
177
+ },
178
+ {
179
+ "sentence": "The police set up a perimeter around the scene around the bombing site and banned people from going to \u0130stiklal Avenue and Taksim Square",
180
+ "refs": [
181
+ "https://bianet.org/english/society/269904-live-updates-at-least-six-killed-81-injured-in-explosion-on-istanbul-s-istiklal-avenue"
182
+ ]
183
+ }
184
+ ],
185
+ "subsections": []
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "section_title": "Victims",
189
+ "section_content": [
190
+ {
191
+ "sentence": "Six people were killed and at least 81 others were injured by the explosion",
192
+ "refs": []
193
+ },
194
+ {
195
+ "sentence": "The dead were all Turkish citizens, a man and his nine-year-old daughter; a woman and her teenage daughter, and a married couple",
196
+ "refs": [
197
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/suspect-arrested-deadly-istanbul-bombing-minister-93246552",
198
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/europe/istanbul-turkey-explosion-intl/index.html"
199
+ ]
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "sentence": "Of the 81 treated in hospital, 61 were released",
203
+ "refs": [
204
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/14/deadly-istanbul-bombing-sparks-fear-and-defiance-in-turkey"
205
+ ]
206
+ },
207
+ {
208
+ "sentence": "By 15 November, twenty were still being treated in hospital",
209
+ "refs": []
210
+ }
211
+ ],
212
+ "subsections": []
213
+ },
214
+ {
215
+ "section_title": "Investigation",
216
+ "section_content": [],
217
+ "subsections": [
218
+ {
219
+ "section_title": "State investigation",
220
+ "section_content": [
221
+ {
222
+ "sentence": "Istanbul's Chief Public Prosecutors' Office quickly opened an investigation after the attack, and at least eight prosecutors have been assigned to the case",
223
+ "refs": []
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "Justice Minister Bekir Bozda\u011f said a woman was filmed sitting on a bench for about 40 minutes and that she left shortly before the blast",
227
+ "refs": [
228
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/europe/istanbul-turkey-explosion-intl/index.html"
229
+ ]
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "sentence": "The arrest of the main suspect in the attack, Ahlam Albashir, a female Syrian national, was reported a day after the bombing",
233
+ "refs": [
234
+ "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/istanbul-fahndung-nach-verdaechtiger-laeuft-nach-anschlag-18458232.html"
235
+ ]
236
+ },
237
+ {
238
+ "sentence": "She had been working in the textile industry in Esenler district in Istanbul",
239
+ "refs": [
240
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/14/turkish-police-arrest-suspect-in-istiklal-bombing"
241
+ ]
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "Several of her co-workers were also detained and questioned",
245
+ "refs": [
246
+ "https://bianet.org/english/law/270098-istanbul-bomber-accomplice-brought-bomb-laden-bag-from-syria"
247
+ ]
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "sentence": "Two human traffickers who are suspected to have been trying to bring the suspect to Bulgaria were also detained",
251
+ "refs": [
252
+ "https://bianet.org/english/law/270024-detentions-over-istanbul-attack-rise-to-50-including-human-smugglers"
253
+ ]
254
+ },
255
+ {
256
+ "sentence": "Since the attack, forty-nine people were detained and interrogated by twenty-nine prosecutors",
257
+ "refs": [
258
+ "https://bianet.org/english/law/270024-detentions-over-istanbul-attack-rise-to-50-including-human-smugglers"
259
+ ]
260
+ },
261
+ {
262
+ "sentence": "On 18 November 2022, against seventeen people including the main suspect Ahlam Albashir arrest warrants have been issued",
263
+ "refs": [
264
+ "https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-terror-attack-was-from-manbij-minister-178632"
265
+ ]
266
+ },
267
+ {
268
+ "sentence": "One alleged accomplice of Albashir fled to Azaz, which is a Syrian town controlled by Turkey, where he was captured by the Turkish forces",
269
+ "refs": [
270
+ "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/tuerkisches-gericht-erlaesst-nach-anschlag-in-istanbul-17-haftbefehle-18470749.html"
271
+ ]
272
+ },
273
+ {
274
+ "sentence": "The Turkish police said Albashir confirmed her affiliation with PKK and YPG, and that she had been trained by them as a special intelligence officer in Syria, entering Turkey through Afrin District",
275
+ "refs": [
276
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/istanbul-police-says-syrian-woman-main-suspect-detains-46-over-bombing-2022-11-14/"
277
+ ]
278
+ },
279
+ {
280
+ "sentence": "During her interrogation she admitted having met her contact in Manbij, a city governed by the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES) and on his orders travelled to Idlib where she met a man with whom she pretended to be married",
281
+ "refs": [
282
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/pkk-denies-role-in-istanbul-bomb-attack-that-killed-six"
283
+ ]
284
+ },
285
+ {
286
+ "sentence": "They crossed the border to Turkey on 27 July 2022, her alleged partner bringing a bomb with him",
287
+ "refs": [
288
+ "https://bianet.org/english/law/270098-istanbul-bomber-accomplice-brought-bomb-laden-bag-from-syria"
289
+ ]
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "sentence": "They travelled to Istanbul the same day",
293
+ "refs": [
294
+ "https://bianet.org/english/law/270098-istanbul-bomber-accomplice-brought-bomb-laden-bag-from-syria"
295
+ ]
296
+ }
297
+ ],
298
+ "subsections": []
299
+ },
300
+ {
301
+ "section_title": "Kurdish forces denials and investigation",
302
+ "section_content": [
303
+ {
304
+ "sentence": "The PKK, SDF, and the YPG have denied any involvement and the AANES accused Turkey with having used such attacks as a pretext for invasions in the past",
305
+ "refs": []
306
+ },
307
+ {
308
+ "sentence": "SDF and YPG, via Mazloum Abdi, denounced the attack",
309
+ "refs": []
310
+ },
311
+ {
312
+ "sentence": "On 22 November, SDF top military official Mazloum Abdi claimed the bomber, Albashir, to be related to IS jihadists via her brothers and past husbands, some of whom were killed in battles against Kurdish forces",
313
+ "refs": []
314
+ },
315
+ {
316
+ "sentence": "More recently, she was inhabiting Turkey-controlled area within North-Western Syria",
317
+ "refs": []
318
+ },
319
+ {
320
+ "sentence": "Abdi called for peace between Turkey and Syrian Kurds, excluding any operation against Turkey in Turkey, and denying responsibility for the bombing",
321
+ "refs": [
322
+ "https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/11/syrian-kurdish-commander-says-kobani-likely-target-threatened-turkish-ground"
323
+ ]
324
+ },
325
+ {
326
+ "sentence": "He vowed however to defend Syrian territories under AANES control",
327
+ "refs": []
328
+ },
329
+ {
330
+ "sentence": "He also deplores Erdogan's electoral strategy, preferring war and tension over a peace agreement with his forces, which would be an equally winning electoral strategy",
331
+ "refs": [
332
+ "https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/11/syrian-kurdish-commander-says-kobani-likely-target-threatened-turkish-ground"
333
+ ]
334
+ }
335
+ ],
336
+ "subsections": []
337
+ },
338
+ {
339
+ "section_title": "MHP connection",
340
+ "section_content": [
341
+ {
342
+ "sentence": "The Turkish Nationalist Movement Party's (MHP) president Mehmet Emin \u0130lhan of G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckonak, \u015e\u0131rnak was interrogated due to a call that was made from the telephone line registered in the name of \u0130lhan to the bombing attacker of Istiklal Avenue Ahlam Albashir",
343
+ "refs": []
344
+ },
345
+ {
346
+ "sentence": "Ilhan was interrogated but not detained",
347
+ "refs": [
348
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUQQwUOKZns",
349
+ "https://medyanews.net/istanbul-bombing-arrest-of-suspect-produces-more-questions-than-answers/"
350
+ ]
351
+ },
352
+ {
353
+ "sentence": "He alleged that the PKK was to blame for it and that someone registered a telephone line in his name with a copy of his ID card",
354
+ "refs": [
355
+ "https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/151120221"
356
+ ]
357
+ }
358
+ ],
359
+ "subsections": []
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "section_title": "Other events",
363
+ "section_content": [
364
+ {
365
+ "sentence": "Jiyan Tosun, a lawyer and member of the Human Rights Association, was accused by Adem Taskaya, a politician of the far-right Victory Party, of having planted the bomb by order of the PKK",
366
+ "refs": []
367
+ },
368
+ {
369
+ "sentence": "Following this, she was threatened repeatedly and preferred to stay at a courthouse instead of returning home",
370
+ "refs": [
371
+ "https://bianet.org/english/law/269947-lawyer-accused-of-planting-bomb-in-taksim-spends-night-at-courthouse-after-harassment"
372
+ ]
373
+ },
374
+ {
375
+ "sentence": "In January 2023, an investigation for illegally obtaining and releasing personal data was initiated against Taskaya",
376
+ "refs": [
377
+ "https://bianet.org/english/law/269947-lawyer-accused-of-planting-bomb-in-taksim-spends-night-at-courthouse-after-harassment"
378
+ ]
379
+ }
380
+ ],
381
+ "subsections": []
382
+ }
383
+ ]
384
+ },
385
+ {
386
+ "section_title": "Aftermath",
387
+ "section_content": [
388
+ {
389
+ "sentence": "Around an hour after the explosion took place, a broadcast ban was issued by the Istanbul Criminal Court for all visual and audio news and social networking sites related to the incident",
390
+ "refs": []
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "sentence": "Only interviews with government officials are allowed to be reported about",
394
+ "refs": [
395
+ "http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-explosion-istanbul-istiklal-street"
396
+ ]
397
+ },
398
+ {
399
+ "sentence": "CNN T\u00fcrk and TRT then stopped reporting on the incident",
400
+ "refs": [
401
+ "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/istanbul-fahndung-nach-verdaechtiger-laeuft-nach-anschlag-18458232.html"
402
+ ]
403
+ },
404
+ {
405
+ "sentence": "Internet speeds throughout Turkey and access to social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube have been significantly decreased since the attack",
406
+ "refs": [
407
+ "https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/istanbul-recep-tayyip-erdogan-spricht-nach-explosion-von-hinterhaeltigem-anschlag-a-0569955c-65c3-4285-ae04-c0405601b6cf"
408
+ ]
409
+ },
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "Istanbul's anti-terrorist office decided to suspend the rights of defense of suspects but also of Internet users who have shared \"negative information\" about the attack on social networks",
412
+ "refs": []
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "sentence": "On 20 November 2022, Turkish Air Force launched a series of airstrikes against Kurdish separatist positions in Northern Syria and Iraq, dubbed Operation Claw-Sword",
416
+ "refs": []
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "sentence": "Despite dubious links, the Istanbul bombing and alleged link to YPG/PKK was used as justification for massive bombing of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria and its infrastructures",
420
+ "refs": [
421
+ "https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/istanbul-terror-attack-more-it-seems-205905"
422
+ ]
423
+ },
424
+ {
425
+ "sentence": "About 500 targets were hit in Syria and Iraq",
426
+ "refs": [
427
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/20/turkey-launches-air-raids-in-syria-iraq-over-istanbul-blast"
428
+ ]
429
+ },
430
+ {
431
+ "sentence": "Top SDF officials called for resuming peace talks, avoid a deadly conflict, and vowed resistance if attacked",
432
+ "refs": [
433
+ "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221123-turkey-vows-intent-stronger-than-ever-to-secure-syrian-border"
434
+ ]
435
+ },
436
+ {
437
+ "sentence": "On 24 February 2023, Turkish authorities reported that intelligence services had conducted an operation in northern Syria, killing the alleged mastermind of the attack, reported to be PKK member Halil Menci",
438
+ "refs": []
439
+ }
440
+ ],
441
+ "subsections": []
442
+ },
443
+ {
444
+ "section_title": "Internal reactions",
445
+ "section_content": [],
446
+ "subsections": [
447
+ {
448
+ "section_title": "Government politicians",
449
+ "section_content": [
450
+ {
451
+ "sentence": "Health Minister Fahrettin Koca said the victims were being treated in the hospitals nearby",
452
+ "refs": []
453
+ },
454
+ {
455
+ "sentence": "President Erdo\u011fan released a statement, stating, \"After the treacherous attack, our members of the police went to the scene, and our wounded were sent to the surrounding hospitals",
456
+ "refs": [
457
+ "https://bianet.org/english/society/269904-live-updates-at-least-six-killed-81-injured-in-explosion-on-istanbul-s-istiklal-avenue"
458
+ ]
459
+ },
460
+ {
461
+ "sentence": "Efforts to take over Turkey and the Turkish nation through terrorism will reach their goal neither today nor in the future, the same way they failed yesterday.\" Erdo\u011fan also said: \"The perpetrators would be punished.\"",
462
+ "refs": [
463
+ "https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dalkika-cumhurbaskani-erdogandan-istiklal-caddesindeki-patlamaya-iliskin-aciklama-42170258",
464
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63615076"
465
+ ]
466
+ },
467
+ {
468
+ "sentence": "The Minister of the Interior S\u00fcleyman Soylu argued that the attack was carried out by the PKK in retaliation for the Turkish invasion of northeastern Syria and criticized the United States for its support of the Kurdish People's Defense Units (YPG) in north-eastern Syria",
469
+ "refs": []
470
+ },
471
+ {
472
+ "sentence": "He had previously blamed the United States for the attack in Mersin in September and had said that the US had funded the Syrian Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD) up to $2\u00a0billion since 2019",
473
+ "refs": [
474
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/suspect-arrested-deadly-istanbul-bombing-minister-93246552",
475
+ "http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-blames-istanbul-blast-pkk-arrests-people",
476
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20210729123230/https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-us/pentagon-2020-budget-allocates-550-million-kurdish-forces-syria"
477
+ ]
478
+ }
479
+ ],
480
+ "subsections": []
481
+ },
482
+ {
483
+ "section_title": "Opposition",
484
+ "section_content": [
485
+ {
486
+ "sentence": "Ekrem \u0130mamo\u011flu, the mayor of Istanbul, inspected the bombing site and called the population not to pay attention to misleading information on the incident",
487
+ "refs": []
488
+ },
489
+ {
490
+ "sentence": "The leader of the Republican People's Party (CHP), Kemal K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7daro\u011flu, said immediately after the attack, \"We must unite against all forms of terrorism",
491
+ "refs": [
492
+ "https://bianet.org/english/society/269904-live-updates-at-least-six-killed-81-injured-in-explosion-on-istanbul-s-istiklal-avenue"
493
+ ]
494
+ },
495
+ {
496
+ "sentence": "We must raise a common voice against all forms of terrorism and we must condemn terrorism",
497
+ "refs": []
498
+ },
499
+ {
500
+ "sentence": "No matter where the terror comes from, whatever its source, 85 million people living in this country must be saying the same thing",
501
+ "refs": []
502
+ },
503
+ {
504
+ "sentence": "They must curse terrorism, those who commit it and those who support it",
505
+ "refs": []
506
+ },
507
+ {
508
+ "sentence": "When we do this, we will have a unity of heart, it will be better for us to embrace each other.\"",
509
+ "refs": [
510
+ "https://t24.com.tr/haber/kilicdaroglu-ndan-patlamaya-iliskin-aciklama-her-turlu-terore-karsi-ortak-ses-cikarmak-ve-teroru-lanetlemek-zorundayiz,1072110"
511
+ ]
512
+ },
513
+ {
514
+ "sentence": "The chairwoman of the Good Party (\u0130Y\u0130) Meral Ak\u015fener condemned the attack, stating: \"I strongly condemn this vile attack",
515
+ "refs": []
516
+ },
517
+ {
518
+ "sentence": "We would like those responsible to be caught as soon as possible\"",
519
+ "refs": []
520
+ },
521
+ {
522
+ "sentence": "The Kurdish People's Democratic Party (HDP) expressed its \"deep sorrow and grief over the explosion that has killed six of our fellow citizens and injured 81 others\", adding that \"Our grief and sorrow is great",
523
+ "refs": []
524
+ },
525
+ {
526
+ "sentence": "We wish God's mercy to the citizens who lost their lives\"",
527
+ "refs": []
528
+ },
529
+ {
530
+ "sentence": "The attack was also condemned by the imprisoned former chairman of the HDP Selahattin Demirta\u015f",
531
+ "refs": [
532
+ "https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/turkish-opposition-deplores-deaths-in-istanbul-blast/ar-AA1441Zb"
533
+ ]
534
+ }
535
+ ],
536
+ "subsections": []
537
+ },
538
+ {
539
+ "section_title": "Civil reactions",
540
+ "section_content": [
541
+ {
542
+ "sentence": "The Turkish Football Federation (TFF) announced that the S\u00fcper Lig match at Vodafone Park between Be\u015fikta\u015f J.K",
543
+ "refs": []
544
+ },
545
+ {
546
+ "sentence": "and Antalyaspor was postponed due to the bombing",
547
+ "refs": []
548
+ },
549
+ {
550
+ "sentence": "Several football clubs offered their condolences",
551
+ "refs": [
552
+ "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/sports/turkish-super-lig-match-postponed-after-istanbul-explosion/2737012"
553
+ ]
554
+ },
555
+ {
556
+ "sentence": "A day after the incident the avenue was decorated with 1200 Turkish flags as a way of remembering the victims of the bombing, and most tree benches on the \u0130stiklal were removed",
557
+ "refs": [
558
+ "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/sports/turkish-super-lig-match-postponed-after-istanbul-explosion/2737012"
559
+ ]
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "sentence": "French writer Patrice Franceschi argues the attack is unlikely to be from Syrian Kurdish forces, who are pragmatically aware of Turkey's superior force and carefully avoid to provoke it and another Turkish operation in Syria",
563
+ "refs": []
564
+ },
565
+ {
566
+ "sentence": "Franceschi argues there are both electoral and ideological motives on the part of AKP government to put the blame on autonomous, socialist, egalitarian AANES, since their social vision and existence is in opposition with autocratic, increasingly Islamist and expansionist nationalism of the AKP government",
567
+ "refs": []
568
+ }
569
+ ],
570
+ "subsections": []
571
+ }
572
+ ]
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "section_title": "International reactions",
576
+ "section_content": [
577
+ {
578
+ "sentence": "Representatives of many governments condemned the attack and offered their condolences",
579
+ "refs": []
580
+ },
581
+ {
582
+ "sentence": "Condolences were also offered by international organizations such as the European Council, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and Organization of Turkic States (OTS)",
583
+ "refs": [
584
+ "https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/world-leaders-send-condolences-to-t\u00fcrkiye-over-istiklal-street-blast-62521",
585
+ "https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/intl-community-sends-condolences-after-istanbul-terrorist-attack",
586
+ "https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/lapid-herzog-send-condolences-to-turkey-over-istanbul-bombing/",
587
+ "https://twitter.com/charlesmichel/status/1591821697627607040",
588
+ "https://twitter.com/jensstoltenberg/status/1591839222440263680"
589
+ ]
590
+ },
591
+ {
592
+ "sentence": "German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier expressed his condolences to Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan the president of Turkey",
593
+ "refs": []
594
+ },
595
+ {
596
+ "sentence": "Steinmeier said, \"In this moment of shock, we Germans stand by the citizens of Istanbul and the Turkish people.\" Steinmeier wrote Sunday, in step with an assertion from his office.\"",
597
+ "refs": [
598
+ "https://www.dw.com/en/istanbul-explosion-suspect-arrested-after-vile-attack/a-63741886"
599
+ ]
600
+ },
601
+ {
602
+ "sentence": "German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock also said: \"My thoughts are with the people who simply wanted to stroll on the Istiklal shopping street on a Sunday and have now become victims of a serious explosion.\" Baerbock also said, \"Our thoughts are with those who were injured, and our deepest condolences go to those who lost loved ones.\"",
603
+ "refs": [
604
+ "https://www.dw.com/en/istanbul-explosion-suspect-arrested-after-vile-attack/a-63741886"
605
+ ]
606
+ },
607
+ {
608
+ "sentence": "French President Emmanuel Macron expressed his condolences on Twitter",
609
+ "refs": []
610
+ },
611
+ {
612
+ "sentence": "Macron said, \"On this meaningful day for our nation, just as we commemorate those who lost their lives on November 13, 2015, the Turkish people were attacked from their heart, from Istanbul,\" Macron said, referring to November 2015 Paris attacks on the Bataclan theatre and other parts of Paris claimed by the so-called \"Islamic State\" militant group seven years ago",
613
+ "refs": []
614
+ },
615
+ {
616
+ "sentence": "\"We share your pain",
617
+ "refs": []
618
+ },
619
+ {
620
+ "sentence": "Our condolences",
621
+ "refs": []
622
+ },
623
+ {
624
+ "sentence": "We are with you in the fight against terrorism,\" Macron said",
625
+ "refs": []
626
+ },
627
+ {
628
+ "sentence": "The condolences offered by the U.S",
629
+ "refs": []
630
+ },
631
+ {
632
+ "sentence": "embassy in Turkey were rejected by the Turkish Interior Minister S\u00fcleyman Soylu, who repeated the claim that the attack was carried out by the US-supported YPG",
633
+ "refs": [
634
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/turkey-rejects-us-condolences-over-istanbul-attack-interior-minister/articleshow/95505670.cms",
635
+ "https://guardian.ng/news/turkish-interior-minister-rejects-u-s-condolences-after-terror-attack/"
636
+ ]
637
+ },
638
+ {
639
+ "sentence": "The Left in the European Parliament \u2013 GUE/NGL argued AKP accusations linking the attack to Syrian YPG is an electoral strategy, using war mongering to distract from deepening economic context and to raise nationalist votes",
640
+ "refs": []
641
+ }
642
+ ],
643
+ "subsections": []
644
+ },
645
+ {
646
+ "section_title": "See also",
647
+ "section_content": [],
648
+ "subsections": []
649
+ }
650
+ ],
651
+ "references": {
652
+ "1": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63615076",
653
+ "2": "https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/141120221",
654
+ "3": "http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-blames-istanbul-blast-pkk-arrests-people",
655
+ "4": "https://anfenglish.com/news/hsm-denies-involvement-in-istanbul-explosion-calls-for-its-exposure-63661",
656
+ "5": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/istanbul-bomber-believed-have-kurdish-links-islamic-state-ties-possible-senior-2022-11-14/",
657
+ "6": "https://tr.euronews.com/2022/11/14/pkk-saldiriyi-ustlenmedi-turk-yetkili-isid-ihtimalini-dislamadiklarini-soyledi",
658
+ "7": "https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2022/gundem/son-dakika-istiklal-caddesinde-patlama-7477808/",
659
+ "8": "https://www.duvarenglish.com/explosion-hits-istanbuls-istiklal-avenue-news-61533",
660
+ "9": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/istanbul-explosion-istiklal-avenue-turkey-b2224133.html",
661
+ "10": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/woman-suspect-terror-attack-istanbul-turkey-b2224244.html",
662
+ "11": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/14/turkish-police-arrest-suspect-in-istiklal-bombing",
663
+ "12": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/central-istanbul-blast-leaves-multiple-wounded-media-video-2022-11-13/",
664
+ "13": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/12/03/mazloum-abdi-kurds-syria-turkey-threat/",
665
+ "14": "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/syrien-und-irak-tuerkei-bombardiert-kurdische-stellungen-18473916.html",
666
+ "15": "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20221123-turkey-vows-intent-stronger-than-ever-to-secure-syrian-border",
667
+ "16": "https://www.csmonitor.com/layout/set/amphtml/World/Middle-East/2022/1114/Istanbul-bombing-Turkey-swift-to-accuse-Kurdish-militants",
668
+ "17": "https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/turkey/terrorism",
669
+ "18": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-blames-istanbul-blast-kurdish-militants-arrests-22-including-bomber-2022-11-14/",
670
+ "19": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/istanbul-bombing-suspect-arrested-as-turkey-minister-blames-kurdish-separatists",
671
+ "20": "https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/turkeys-pkk-conflict-visual-explainer",
672
+ "21": "https://turkishminute.com/2022/10/29/ogans-alliance-leaves-turkeys-opposition-bloc-behind-without-votes-of-pro-kurdish-hdp-poll/",
673
+ "22": "https://nordicmonitor.com/2019/03/turkish-intelligence-vetted-journalists-working-at-kurdish-state-tv/",
674
+ "23": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
675
+ "24": "https://www.duvarenglish.com/peoples-inflation-for-basic-goods-at-177-percent-in-turkey-news-61461",
676
+ "25": "https://www.euronews.com/2022/11/03/annual-inflation-in-turkey-reaches-record-25-year-high-of-855",
677
+ "26": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/explainer-istanbul-blast-political-implications-93281106",
678
+ "27": "https://ipa.news/2019/04/16/acquittal-of-nine-ceylanpinar-murder-suspects-upheld/",
679
+ "28": "https://www.mei.edu/publications/can-erdogan-survive-without-kurdish-question",
680
+ "29": "https://www.duvarenglish.com/every-single-hdp-deputy-in-turkish-parliament-subject-to-probes-news-55914",
681
+ "30": "https://www.kurdishpeace.org/research/democracy/democracy-destroyed-turkey-crackdown-local-pro-kurdish-politics/",
682
+ "31": "https://www.kurdishpeace.org/app/uploads/2022/10/Democracy-Destroyed-_Trustee-Appointments-Have-Ended-Local-Democracy-for-Supporters-of-Pro-Kurdish-Parties_Final.pdf",
683
+ "32": "https://eeradicalization.com/a-terrorist-attack-in-turkey-and-the-hunt-for-the-perpetrators/",
684
+ "33": "https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2022/11/15/fojb-n15.html",
685
+ "34": "https://www.yenisafak.com/gundem/pkkyi-pence-kilit-korkusu-sardi-elebasi-murat-karayilan-careyi-eylem-cagrisi-yapmakta-buldu-3806256",
686
+ "35": "https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/141120221",
687
+ "36": "https://www.newarab.com/news/kurdish-groups-deny-involvement-istanbul-bombing",
688
+ "37": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/nov/14/pkk-denies-role-in-istanbul-bomb-attack-that-killed-six",
689
+ "38": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/13/europe/istanbul-turkey-explosion-intl/index.html",
690
+ "39": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/13/world/middleeast/turkey-explosion-istanbul.html",
691
+ "40": "https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/emniyet-laboratuvar-sonuclarini-paylasti-patlamada-tnt-kullanildi-702719h",
692
+ "41": "https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/istanbul-recep-tayyip-erdogan-spricht-nach-explosion-von-hinterhaeltigem-anschlag-a-0569955c-65c3-4285-ae04-c0405601b6cf",
693
+ "42": "https://bianet.org/english/society/269904-live-updates-at-least-six-killed-81-injured-in-explosion-on-istanbul-s-istiklal-avenue",
694
+ "43": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/suspect-arrested-deadly-istanbul-bombing-minister-93246552",
695
+ "44": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/14/deadly-istanbul-bombing-sparks-fear-and-defiance-in-turkey",
696
+ "45": "https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/istanbuldaki-teror-saldirisinda-yaralananlardan-61i-taburcu-edildi-20sinin-tedavisi-suruyor-/2738905",
697
+ "46": "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/istanbul-fahndung-nach-verdaechtiger-laeuft-nach-anschlag-18458232.html",
698
+ "47": "https://bianet.org/english/law/270098-istanbul-bomber-accomplice-brought-bomb-laden-bag-from-syria",
699
+ "48": "https://bianet.org/english/law/270024-detentions-over-istanbul-attack-rise-to-50-including-human-smugglers",
700
+ "49": "https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/istanbul-terror-attack-was-from-manbij-minister-178632",
701
+ "50": "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/tuerkisches-gericht-erlaesst-nach-anschlag-in-istanbul-17-haftbefehle-18470749.html",
702
+ "51": "https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/istanbul-police-says-syrian-woman-main-suspect-detains-46-over-bombing-2022-11-14/",
703
+ "52": "https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2022/11/syrian-kurdish-commander-says-kobani-likely-target-threatened-turkish-ground",
704
+ "53": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tUQQwUOKZns",
705
+ "54": "https://medyanews.net/istanbul-bombing-arrest-of-suspect-produces-more-questions-than-answers/",
706
+ "55": "https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/turkey/151120221",
707
+ "56": "https://bianet.org/english/law/269947-lawyer-accused-of-planting-bomb-in-taksim-spends-night-at-courthouse-after-harassment",
708
+ "57": "https://bianet.org/english/law/272416-far-right-politician-who-falsely-blamed-deadly-bombing-on-kurdish-lawyer-faces-jail-sentence",
709
+ "58": "http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkey-explosion-istanbul-istiklal-street",
710
+ "59": "https://halktv.com.tr/gundem/taksimdeki-teror-saldirisiyla-ilgili-savciliktan-gorulmemis-talep-702643h",
711
+ "60": "https://haber.sol.org.tr/haber/taksimdeki-patlamanin-ardindan-mahkemeden-dikkat-ceken-supheli-karari-355293",
712
+ "61": "https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/istanbul-terror-attack-more-it-seems-205905",
713
+ "62": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/20/turkey-launches-air-raids-in-syria-iraq-over-istanbul-blast",
714
+ "63": "https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/2023/02/24/turkey-says-main-suspect-in-istanbul-bombing-killed-in-northern-syria/",
715
+ "64": "https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/t%C3%BCrkiye-mastermind-of-istanbul-terror-attack-neutralised-in-syria-65622",
716
+ "65": "https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/son-dalkika-cumhurbaskani-erdogandan-istiklal-caddesindeki-patlamaya-iliskin-aciklama-42170258",
717
+ "66": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-63615076",
718
+ "67": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210729123230/https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-us/pentagon-2020-budget-allocates-550-million-kurdish-forces-syria",
719
+ "68": "https://www.voanews.com/a/turkish-minister-says-deadly-gun-attack-was-america-based/6771667.html",
720
+ "69": "https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/war-on-terror/no-pkk-terrorists-will-remain-in-rural-turkiye-by-2023-minister-soylu",
721
+ "70": "https://t24.com.tr/haber/kilicdaroglu-ndan-patlamaya-iliskin-aciklama-her-turlu-terore-karsi-ortak-ses-cikarmak-ve-teroru-lanetlemek-zorundayiz,1072110",
722
+ "71": "https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/turkish-opposition-deplores-deaths-in-istanbul-blast/ar-AA1441Zb",
723
+ "72": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/sports/turkish-super-lig-match-postponed-after-istanbul-explosion/2737012",
724
+ "73": "https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/turkiye/bombali-saldirinin-ardindan-istiklal-caddesi-turk-bayraklariyla-donatildi-2002655",
725
+ "74": "https://www.marianne.net/agora/entretiens-et-debats/patrice-franceschi-erdogan-viole-toutes-les-lois-internationales-en-attaquant-les-kurdes",
726
+ "75": "https://www.trtworld.com/turkey/world-leaders-send-condolences-to-t\u00fcrkiye-over-istiklal-street-blast-62521",
727
+ "76": "https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/istanbul/intl-community-sends-condolences-after-istanbul-terrorist-attack",
728
+ "77": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/lapid-herzog-send-condolences-to-turkey-over-istanbul-bombing/",
729
+ "78": "https://twitter.com/charlesmichel/status/1591821697627607040",
730
+ "79": "https://twitter.com/jensstoltenberg/status/1591839222440263680",
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+ "80": "https://www.turkkon.org/en/haberler/message-of-ots-regarding-the-explosion-in-istanbul-today_2683",
732
+ "81": "https://www.dw.com/en/istanbul-explosion-suspect-arrested-after-vile-attack/a-63741886",
733
+ "82": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/turkey-rejects-us-condolences-over-istanbul-attack-interior-minister/articleshow/95505670.cms",
734
+ "83": "https://guardian.ng/news/turkish-interior-minister-rejects-u-s-condolences-after-terror-attack/",
735
+ "84": "https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/3986281/t%C3%BCrkiye-rejects-us-condolences-over-blast",
736
+ "85": "https://left.eu/eu-silent-as-erdogan-electioneers-with-bombs/"
737
+ },
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+ "spicy_entities": {
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+ "i\u0307stiklal avenue": "FAC",
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+ "beyo\u011flu": "GPE",
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+ "istanbul": "GPE",
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+ "turkey": "GPE",
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+ "the autonomous administration of north": "ORG",
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+ "the same day": "DATE",
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+ "north-western syria": "GPE",
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+ "annalena baerbock": "PERSON",
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+ "istiklal": "NORP",
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+ "baerbock": "ORG",
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+ "emmanuel macron": "PERSON",
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+ "macron": "PERSON",
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+ "this meaningful day": "DATE",
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+ "november 13, 2015": "DATE",
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+ "paris": "GPE",
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+ "bataclan": "NORP",
921
+ "seven years ago": "DATE",
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+ "u.s.": "GPE",
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+ "the european parliament": "ORG",
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+ "gue/ngl": "ORG"
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+ "flair_entities": [
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+ "kurdish people's defense units",
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+ "north-western syria",
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+ "annalena baerbock",
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+ "islamists",
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+ "selahattin demirta\u015f",
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+ "mazloum abdi",
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+ "taksim square",
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+ "fahrettin koca",
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+ "syrian",
1058
+ "istanbul"
1059
+ ]
1060
+ }
json/2022_Luzon_earthquake.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2022_Luzon_earthquake",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Luzon_earthquake",
4
+ "summary": "On July 27, 2022, at 8:43:24 a.m. (PHT), an earthquake struck the island of Luzon in the Philippines. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 Mw\u202f, with an epicenter in Abra province. Eleven people were reported dead and 615 were injured. At least 35,798 homes, schools and other buildings were damaged or destroyed, resulting in \u20b11.88 billion (US$34 million) worth of damage.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Earthquake",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "The tectonics of the northern Philippines and around the island of Luzon are complex",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "Luzon is bounded to the east and west by subduction zones",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "In the southern part of Luzon, the subduction zone is located east of the island along the Philippine Trench, where the Philippine Sea Plate subducts westward beneath the Sunda Plate",
19
+ "refs": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "In northern Luzon, where the July 27 earthquake occurred, the subduction zone location and direction changes, with another trench (Manila Trench) located west of Luzon and the Sunda Plate subducts eastward beneath the Philippine Sea Plate",
23
+ "refs": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "sentence": "The complexity of plate tectonics on and around Luzon is evidenced by the diversity of faulting mechanisms in large earthquakes",
27
+ "refs": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "sentence": "Magnitude 7 or greater earthquakes in this region since 1970 have exhibited reverse, normal, and strike-slip faulting",
31
+ "refs": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "sentence": "These active plate boundaries lead to high seismic activity",
35
+ "refs": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "sentence": "Since 1970, 11 other earthquakes of magnitude 6.5 or larger have occurred within 250\u00a0km (155\u00a0mi) of the July 27, 2022, earthquake",
39
+ "refs": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "sentence": "The largest of these earthquakes was a magnitude 7.7 strike-slip earthquake on July 16, 1990, located approximately 215\u00a0km (134\u00a0mi) south of the July 27 earthquake",
43
+ "refs": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "sentence": "At least 1,600 people died and more than 3,000 people were injured in the 1990 earthquake",
47
+ "refs": []
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "sentence": "The 1990 earthquake also caused landslides, liquefaction, subsidence, and sand boils in the Baguio\u2013Cabanatuan\u2013Dagupan area",
51
+ "refs": []
52
+ }
53
+ ],
54
+ "subsections": [
55
+ {
56
+ "section_title": "Characteristics",
57
+ "section_content": [
58
+ {
59
+ "sentence": "The earthquake occurred as a result of oblique-reverse faulting",
60
+ "refs": []
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "sentence": "Preliminary analysis indicates that the earthquake occurred on either of a low-angle reverse fault dipping to the east with a small component of left-lateral (strike-slip) motion, or on a steeply dipping reverse fault dipping to the northwest with a small component of right-lateral motion",
64
+ "refs": []
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "sentence": "The earthquake depth, mechanism, and location are consistent with the earthquake having occurred in the Philippine Sea Plate above the Sunda Plate",
68
+ "refs": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "sentence": "The Sunda Plate subducts eastward beneath Luzon with the plate boundary located off the western coast of Luzon",
72
+ "refs": []
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "sentence": "According to the USGS, the seismic moment released was 5.4e+19 N-m, corresponding to a moment magnitude of 7.1 (Mw\u202f)",
76
+ "refs": []
77
+ },
78
+ {
79
+ "sentence": "A finite fault obtained from seismic inversion suggest rupture occurred along a east-dipping thrust fault, and produced a maximum displacement of 0.9\u00a0m (2\u00a0ft 11\u00a0in)",
80
+ "refs": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "sentence": "It was reported as 7.3 Ms\u202f by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)",
84
+ "refs": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "sentence": "The report was later revised to an earthquake of 7.0 Mw\u202f with the epicenter 3\u00a0km (1.9\u00a0mi) N 25\u00b0 W of Tayum, Abra at a depth of 17\u00a0km (11\u00a0mi)",
88
+ "refs": [
89
+ "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B1F.html",
90
+ "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B2F.html"
91
+ ]
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "sentence": "Despite being a relatively shallow event, no surface ruptures were identified",
95
+ "refs": [
96
+ "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B2F.html"
97
+ ]
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "sentence": "A focal mechanism analysis indicate rupture on a reverse fault with either a northeast\u2013southwest striking, steep dipping (69\u00b0) plane or a north\u2013south, shallow dipping (8\u00b0) plane",
101
+ "refs": []
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "sentence": "PHIVOLCS initially suspected the earthquake may have occurred on the Abra River Fault",
105
+ "refs": []
106
+ },
107
+ {
108
+ "sentence": "Geologists had been aware of the potential for large earthquakes on the fault",
109
+ "refs": []
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "sentence": "The last known earthquake on the fault was in 1868, measuring 4.0\u20135.0 in magnitude",
113
+ "refs": []
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "sentence": "The Abra River Fault is a northern extension of the Philippine Fault Zone",
117
+ "refs": [
118
+ "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/abra-river-fault-which-last-moved-in-1868-may-have-triggered-powerful-quake-solidum/"
119
+ ]
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "sentence": "As it runs through Luzon, it splays into three branches that runs beneath the southern Sierra Madre mountains, the Central Cordillera Mountains before terminating at the northern coast of the island",
123
+ "refs": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "sentence": "The three branches strike north-south and are named (west to east) the Vigan-Agao Fault, the Abra River Fault and the Digdig Fault, respectively",
127
+ "refs": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "sentence": "The Philippine Fault Zone is associated with Pliocene and Quaternary uplift of the Cordillera Mountains",
131
+ "refs": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "sentence": "The Abra River and Digdig faults display pure strike-slip displacement, while the Vigan-Agao Fault display a large thrust component",
135
+ "refs": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "sentence": "In the northern part of Luzon, the Digdig Fault display a normal component",
139
+ "refs": []
140
+ },
141
+ {
142
+ "sentence": "However the steep-dipping plane and slip sense associated with the Abra River Fault is not consistent with rupture on it",
143
+ "refs": []
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "sentence": "The fault which produced the mainshock had a shallow dip angle and produced oblique-reverse displacement",
147
+ "refs": []
148
+ },
149
+ {
150
+ "sentence": "A scientific journal published by Rimando and others in 2022 revealed the earthquake did not occur on any of the known faults in the area",
151
+ "refs": [
152
+ "https://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/fault-that-caused-a-july-quake-in-the-philippines-still-in-question-14355/"
153
+ ]
154
+ },
155
+ {
156
+ "sentence": "Modelling of the earthquake indicate a source west of and parallel to the Abra River Fault",
157
+ "refs": []
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "sentence": "Pure dip-slip displacement of 95\u00a0cm (37\u00a0in) occurred at depths of 13\u201316\u00a0km (8.1\u20139.9\u00a0mi)",
161
+ "refs": []
162
+ }
163
+ ],
164
+ "subsections": []
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "section_title": "Aftershocks",
168
+ "section_content": [
169
+ {
170
+ "sentence": "At least 3,496 aftershocks were recorded by PHIVOLCS, with magnitudes in the range of 1.4 to 5.1",
171
+ "refs": [
172
+ "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf"
173
+ ]
174
+ },
175
+ {
176
+ "sentence": "Sixty-three were strong enough to be felt",
177
+ "refs": [
178
+ "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf"
179
+ ]
180
+ },
181
+ {
182
+ "sentence": "On July 28, PHIVOLCS revised the depth of focus of the earthquake to 15.0\u00a0km (9\u00a0mi)",
183
+ "refs": [
184
+ "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf"
185
+ ]
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "sentence": "The strongest aftershock occurred on October 25, measuring Mww\u202f 6.4, and having a maximum intensity of VII (Very destructive) on the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale",
189
+ "refs": [
190
+ "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B3F.html"
191
+ ]
192
+ },
193
+ {
194
+ "sentence": "It caused extensive damage to thousands of infrastructures including homes and roads, and left 139 people injured",
195
+ "refs": [
196
+ "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/October/2022_1025_1459_B4F.html",
197
+ "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000iwds/executive"
198
+ ]
199
+ },
200
+ {
201
+ "sentence": "Two days later, four soldiers giving aid to the affected area were attacked by the New People's Army, leaving two of them dead, another injured and one missing",
202
+ "refs": [
203
+ "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4210/SitRep_No._4_for_Magnitude_6.4_Earthquake_in_Lagayan_Abra_2022.pdf",
204
+ "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/10/28/2219924/ndrrmc-85-hurt-44k-families-affected-abra-quake/",
205
+ "https://apnews.com/article/science-philippines-manila-earthquakes-ferdinand-marcos-jr-be94326447233d3eae14763ada43dc1c",
206
+ "https://news.abs-cbn.com/amp/news/10/26/22/look-rockslide-damaged-structure-in-wake-of-abra-quake",
207
+ "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/849281/part-of-church-belfry-falls-cracks-show-after-abra-quake/story/?amp"
208
+ ]
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "sentence": "At least 409 aftershocks were recorded by October 26",
212
+ "refs": [
213
+ "https://www.expressandstar.com/news/world-news/2022/10/27/rebels-kill-two-soldiers-helping-with-aid-efforts-in-area-hit-by-earthquake/"
214
+ ]
215
+ }
216
+ ],
217
+ "subsections": []
218
+ },
219
+ {
220
+ "section_title": "Intensity",
221
+ "section_content": [
222
+ {
223
+ "sentence": "On the PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity Scale (PEIS), intensity VII (Destructive) was instrumentally recorded in Vigan, corresponding to an intensity of VII (Very strong) in the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale",
224
+ "refs": []
225
+ },
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "The maximum intensity of VIII (Very destructive) was experienced in isolated areas",
228
+ "refs": [
229
+ "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B3F.html",
230
+ "https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffeart.2023.1091595"
231
+ ]
232
+ },
233
+ {
234
+ "sentence": "Intensity VII was reported in Bucloc and Manabo, Abra",
235
+ "refs": [
236
+ "https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/15340-primer-on-the-27-july-2022-magnitude-mw-7-0-northwestern-luzon-earthquake"
237
+ ]
238
+ },
239
+ {
240
+ "sentence": "In Vigan, Sinait, Bantay, San Esteban (in Ilocos Sur), Laoac (in Pangasinan), and Baguio, shaking corresponding to intensity VI (Very strong) was reported",
241
+ "refs": []
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "In an interview with a local radio station, Renato U",
245
+ "refs": []
246
+ },
247
+ {
248
+ "sentence": "Solidum, the head of PHIVOLCS, it was felt with \"relatively moderate intensity\" in Manila, the capital of the Philippines",
249
+ "refs": [
250
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/26/world/asia/philippines-earthquake.html"
251
+ ]
252
+ }
253
+ ],
254
+ "subsections": []
255
+ },
256
+ {
257
+ "section_title": "Tsunami",
258
+ "section_content": [
259
+ {
260
+ "sentence": "Despite the earthquake having an inland epicentre, a tsunami of around 0.08\u00a0m (0.26\u00a0ft) was observed in Currimao, Ilocos Norte",
261
+ "refs": []
262
+ }
263
+ ],
264
+ "subsections": []
265
+ }
266
+ ]
267
+ },
268
+ {
269
+ "section_title": "Response",
270
+ "section_content": [
271
+ {
272
+ "sentence": "PHIVOLCS stated that there was no tsunami threat, and an alert was not issued",
273
+ "refs": [
274
+ "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/839533/no-tsunami-threat-phivolcs-assures-after-magnitude-7-quake/story/"
275
+ ]
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "sentence": "Due to the inland epicenter, the earthquake could not cause seafloor uplift and trigger large waves",
279
+ "refs": []
280
+ },
281
+ {
282
+ "sentence": "However, PHIVOLCS noted that shorelines and enclosed bodies of water may experience seiches due to oscillation from the earthquake",
283
+ "refs": []
284
+ },
285
+ {
286
+ "sentence": "According to the National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP), power services in Manila and the surrounding provinces were uninterrupted",
287
+ "refs": []
288
+ },
289
+ {
290
+ "sentence": "The NGCP said that load tripping may have occurred",
291
+ "refs": []
292
+ },
293
+ {
294
+ "sentence": "Commanders of the Philippine National Police (PNP) in Luzon were tasked to cooperate with the regional Risk Reduction and Management Office to maximize relief operations",
295
+ "refs": []
296
+ },
297
+ {
298
+ "sentence": "All PNP infrastructures were also inspected for damage",
299
+ "refs": []
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "sentence": "The Army and Coast Guard also were dispatched to the affected areas",
303
+ "refs": [
304
+ "https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/27/latest-stories/pnp-mobilizes-all-luzon-commanders-to-assist-in-quake-relief-operations/1852444"
305
+ ]
306
+ },
307
+ {
308
+ "sentence": "President Bongbong Marcos conducted a press briefing addressing the disaster and was scheduled to fly to Abra",
309
+ "refs": []
310
+ },
311
+ {
312
+ "sentence": "He was expected to coordinate with national and local government establishments in relief efforts, but was \"staying away\" at the present",
313
+ "refs": [
314
+ "https://www.rappler.com/nation/video-marcos-jr-press-briefing-luzon-earthquake-july-2022/",
315
+ "https://www.rappler.com/nation/video-marcos-jr-press-briefing-luzon-earthquake-july-2022/"
316
+ ]
317
+ },
318
+ {
319
+ "sentence": "He added that this was so that the local government could carry out their procedures without \"disturb(ing) the work (of local officials)\"",
320
+ "refs": []
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "sentence": "President Marcos has also called for telecommunication companies to give free communication to areas where transmission towers had collapsed",
324
+ "refs": [
325
+ "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/07/27/2198332/marcos-visit-abra-after-magnitude-70-quake"
326
+ ]
327
+ },
328
+ {
329
+ "sentence": "Local authorities stated that work and schools would be suspended in parts of Ilocos Norte to allow damage assessments to take place",
330
+ "refs": [
331
+ "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/07/27/2198332/marcos-visit-abra-after-magnitude-70-quake"
332
+ ]
333
+ },
334
+ {
335
+ "sentence": "In the Ilocos region, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) said that it would be ready to serve the affected",
336
+ "refs": []
337
+ },
338
+ {
339
+ "sentence": "More than 17,410 family food packs and 9,291 non-food items had been prepared and stored at warehouses, ready for distribution",
340
+ "refs": []
341
+ },
342
+ {
343
+ "sentence": "An additional \u20b12.70\u00a0million (US$48.6\u00a0thousand) was set as standby for emergency response",
344
+ "refs": []
345
+ },
346
+ {
347
+ "sentence": "Work and school was also suspended in Baguio by its mayor",
348
+ "refs": [
349
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636023/dswd-prepares-aid-for-earthquake-hit-residents-in-ilocos-abra"
350
+ ]
351
+ },
352
+ {
353
+ "sentence": "The Governor of Abra, Dominic Valera, declared the entire province under a state of calamity",
354
+ "refs": []
355
+ },
356
+ {
357
+ "sentence": "Province officials also authorized the use of 58 percent of the Calamity Reserve Fund for relief efforts",
358
+ "refs": []
359
+ },
360
+ {
361
+ "sentence": "The House of Representatives said it would allocate funds in the national budget to restore damaged buildings, including affected heritage and cultural buildings",
362
+ "refs": [
363
+ "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180085"
364
+ ]
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "sentence": "UNICEF said that emergency supplies were on standby to support government relief efforts and to assist affected children and families",
368
+ "refs": [
369
+ "https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/08/01/kongreso-susuportahan-ang-rehabilitasyon-ng-mga-lugar-na-nasalanta-ng-lindol-sa-abra"
370
+ ]
371
+ }
372
+ ],
373
+ "subsections": [
374
+ {
375
+ "section_title": "International aid",
376
+ "section_content": [],
377
+ "subsections": []
378
+ }
379
+ ]
380
+ },
381
+ {
382
+ "section_title": "Impact",
383
+ "section_content": [
384
+ {
385
+ "sentence": "Eleven fatalities were reported, including four from a landslide, and at least 616 people were injured",
386
+ "refs": [
387
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1641491/fwd-11-now-dead-in-abra-quake-ndrrmc/amp",
388
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1637355/bodies-of-4-missing-abra-residents-retrieved-from-landslide",
389
+ "https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/30/news/national/death-toll-in-northern-luzon-quake-climbs-to-10/1852751"
390
+ ]
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "sentence": "More than 513,330 people were affected, of which, 57,022 were displaced",
394
+ "refs": [
395
+ "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf"
396
+ ]
397
+ },
398
+ {
399
+ "sentence": "A total of 35,798 homes were affected, including 686 which were totally damaged",
400
+ "refs": []
401
+ },
402
+ {
403
+ "sentence": "An additional 177 healthcare infrastructures were destroyed",
404
+ "refs": [
405
+ "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf"
406
+ ]
407
+ },
408
+ {
409
+ "sentence": "Over 8,000 schools were affected",
410
+ "refs": [
411
+ "https://www.peoplestonightonline.com/news/177-health-facilities-apektado-ng-lindol-sa-abra/"
412
+ ]
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "sentence": "Eleven schools in Central Luzon, nine in the Cagayan Valley, eight from the Cordillera Administrative Region and seven in the Ilocos Region, were seriously damaged",
416
+ "refs": [
417
+ "https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/bansa/2022/07/29/2198727/8k-paaralan-sinira-ng-lindol"
418
+ ]
419
+ },
420
+ {
421
+ "sentence": "The Department of Agriculture and National Irrigation Administration also reported damage estimated at \u20b156.4\u00a0million (US$1.02\u00a0million)",
422
+ "refs": []
423
+ },
424
+ {
425
+ "sentence": "The National Irrigation Administration estimated around \u20b122.7\u00a0million (US$406,942) worth of damage to irrigation systems",
426
+ "refs": []
427
+ },
428
+ {
429
+ "sentence": "There was an additional 2,383 buildings damaged, incurring a loss of \u20b11.81\u00a0billion (US$32.5\u00a0million)",
430
+ "refs": []
431
+ },
432
+ {
433
+ "sentence": "Total damage was estimated to be worth \u20b11.88\u00a0billion (US$34\u00a0million)",
434
+ "refs": []
435
+ }
436
+ ],
437
+ "subsections": [
438
+ {
439
+ "section_title": "Abra",
440
+ "section_content": [
441
+ {
442
+ "sentence": "A preliminary survey of damage suggested at least 80 percent of Abra was affected",
443
+ "refs": []
444
+ },
445
+ {
446
+ "sentence": "A power outage occurred across the province due to destroyed power lines",
447
+ "refs": [
448
+ "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180085"
449
+ ]
450
+ },
451
+ {
452
+ "sentence": "Many businesses were disrupted",
453
+ "refs": []
454
+ },
455
+ {
456
+ "sentence": "Residents stayed outside their homes and were left without food",
457
+ "refs": []
458
+ },
459
+ {
460
+ "sentence": "One villager died when he was hit by falling cement slabs in his house",
461
+ "refs": [
462
+ "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180085"
463
+ ]
464
+ },
465
+ {
466
+ "sentence": "In Bangued, a person died when the walls of a dormitory collapsed, and an additional 44 were injured due to falling debris",
467
+ "refs": [
468
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/73-earthquake-shakes-northern-philippines-felt-in-capital/2022/07/26/783dc34e-0d4b-11ed-88e8-c58dc3dbaee2_story.html"
469
+ ]
470
+ },
471
+ {
472
+ "sentence": "A 59-year-old resident from Tubo died of his injuries after the roof of his house collapsed",
473
+ "refs": [
474
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635722/1-dead-44-injured-in-earthquake-hit-abra"
475
+ ]
476
+ },
477
+ {
478
+ "sentence": "The bodies of four people were recovered from a landslide",
479
+ "refs": []
480
+ },
481
+ {
482
+ "sentence": "Historical churches in the province were also affected",
483
+ "refs": [
484
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1637355/bodies-of-4-missing-abra-residents-retrieved-from-landslide"
485
+ ]
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "sentence": "The Shrine of San Lorenzo Ruiz in Bangued sustained major damage and one of its bell-towers was reduced to rubble",
489
+ "refs": []
490
+ },
491
+ {
492
+ "sentence": "The Tayum Church in the town of the same name also sustained damage",
493
+ "refs": [
494
+ "https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/7/27/23280563/massive-earthquake-rocks-northern-philippines-setting-off-landslides"
495
+ ]
496
+ },
497
+ {
498
+ "sentence": "Over 640 displaced people took refuge at the town plaza",
499
+ "refs": [
500
+ "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/strong-abra-quake-damages-vigan-cathedral-bantay-bell-tower-in-ilocos-sur/"
501
+ ]
502
+ },
503
+ {
504
+ "sentence": "Two bridges, one in Manabo and Bangued, respectively, were affected",
505
+ "refs": [
506
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636522/watch-abra-residents-take-shelter-at-bangued-plaza-after-strong-quake"
507
+ ]
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "sentence": "Schools, and 20 government properties were damaged",
511
+ "refs": [
512
+ "https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/07/28/2198624/abra-declares-state-calamity-due-earthquake-damage",
513
+ "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/839552/deped-cracks-seen-at-several-abra-schools-after-magnitude-7-quake/story/"
514
+ ]
515
+ },
516
+ {
517
+ "sentence": "At least 31 landslides were reported, and a partially collapsed hospital was evacuated",
518
+ "refs": [
519
+ "https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/07/28/2198624/abra-declares-state-calamity-due-earthquake-damage"
520
+ ]
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "sentence": "Road infrastructures including three bridges were damaged",
524
+ "refs": [
525
+ "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/71-magnitude-earthquake-hits-northern-philippines"
526
+ ]
527
+ }
528
+ ],
529
+ "subsections": []
530
+ },
531
+ {
532
+ "section_title": "Baguio",
533
+ "section_content": [
534
+ {
535
+ "sentence": "Officials in Baguio stated that several crucial roadways were affected by debris",
536
+ "refs": []
537
+ },
538
+ {
539
+ "sentence": "Thirty-three buildings were damaged",
540
+ "refs": []
541
+ },
542
+ {
543
+ "sentence": "Road closures affected motorists along Kennon Road, Baguio\u2013Bua\u2013Itogon National Road and Benguet\u2013Nueva Vizcaya Road, leaving only the Aspiras\u2013Palispis Highway open",
544
+ "refs": [
545
+ "https://www.rappler.com/nation/death-toll-damage-luzon-earthquake-july-27-2022/"
546
+ ]
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "sentence": "Patients at Baguio General Hospital were evacuated",
550
+ "refs": [
551
+ "https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/7/27/earthquake-7.3-magnitude-Abra-Luzon.html"
552
+ ]
553
+ },
554
+ {
555
+ "sentence": "A student at Saint Louis University was injured during a panic",
556
+ "refs": [
557
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/26/world/asia/philippines-earthquake.html"
558
+ ]
559
+ }
560
+ ],
561
+ "subsections": []
562
+ },
563
+ {
564
+ "section_title": "Ilocos Sur",
565
+ "section_content": [
566
+ {
567
+ "sentence": "A total of 32 towns and two cities received damage, with the heaviest in Vigan",
568
+ "refs": []
569
+ },
570
+ {
571
+ "sentence": "Nearly 100 homes were heavily damaged",
572
+ "refs": [
573
+ "https://rmn.ph/100-bahay-sa-ilocos-sur-totally-damaged-sa-magnitude-7-na-lindol-restoration-sa-heritage-sites-aabutin-pa-ng-isang-taon/"
574
+ ]
575
+ },
576
+ {
577
+ "sentence": "Heritage sites in the UNESCO World Heritage City of Vigan were damaged, including the Vigan Cathedral and old-century houses, as well as few toppled power lines along Calle Crisologo",
578
+ "refs": [
579
+ "https://rmn.ph/100-bahay-sa-ilocos-sur-totally-damaged-sa-magnitude-7-na-lindol-restoration-sa-heritage-sites-aabutin-pa-ng-isang-taon/"
580
+ ]
581
+ },
582
+ {
583
+ "sentence": "Parts of the old historic belfry of Bantay Church in the town of the same name also crumbled to the ground",
584
+ "refs": [
585
+ "https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/abra-earthquake-vigan-city-aftermath-a4354-20220727",
586
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635457/heritage-structures-churches-damaged-by-7-3-quake"
587
+ ]
588
+ },
589
+ {
590
+ "sentence": "It was felt strongly in Ilocos Sur for 30 seconds or longer",
591
+ "refs": [
592
+ "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/strong-abra-quake-damages-vigan-cathedral-bantay-bell-tower-in-ilocos-sur/"
593
+ ]
594
+ }
595
+ ],
596
+ "subsections": []
597
+ },
598
+ {
599
+ "section_title": "Metro Manila",
600
+ "section_content": [
601
+ {
602
+ "sentence": "The earthquake was felt strongly in Metro Manila, where minor damage to a hospital and several other buildings were reported",
603
+ "refs": []
604
+ },
605
+ {
606
+ "sentence": "The earthquake prompted the Manila Metro Rail Transit System to suspend service during rush hour",
607
+ "refs": [
608
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/magnitude-72-earthquake-strikes-luzon-philippines-emsc-2022-07-27/",
609
+ "https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-6201018/gempa-m-71-di-filipina-terasa-kuat-di-manila-layanan-kereta-disetop/1"
610
+ ]
611
+ },
612
+ {
613
+ "sentence": "Operations resumed at 10:12 a.m, with the exception of LRT Line 2 due to inspections",
614
+ "refs": [
615
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/magnitude-72-earthquake-strikes-luzon-philippines-emsc-2022-07-27/"
616
+ ]
617
+ },
618
+ {
619
+ "sentence": "Occupants of the Senate building in Pasay were also evacuated",
620
+ "refs": [
621
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220727062024/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635661/mrt-lrt-1-pnr-back-to-normal-operations-after-strong-luzon-earthquake"
622
+ ]
623
+ }
624
+ ],
625
+ "subsections": []
626
+ },
627
+ {
628
+ "section_title": "Elsewhere",
629
+ "section_content": [
630
+ {
631
+ "sentence": "In Apayao, officials noted that two structures were damaged",
632
+ "refs": []
633
+ },
634
+ {
635
+ "sentence": "Sixty-one schools were damaged, including 76 classrooms which were completely destroyed",
636
+ "refs": [
637
+ "https://www.rappler.com/nation/death-toll-damage-luzon-earthquake-july-27-2022/"
638
+ ]
639
+ },
640
+ {
641
+ "sentence": "In Kalinga, a worker fell from a building and suffered leg fractures",
642
+ "refs": [
643
+ "https://brigadanews.ph/bilang-ng-mga-paaralang-winasak-ng-lindol-umabot-sa-61/"
644
+ ]
645
+ },
646
+ {
647
+ "sentence": "One fatality was also reported in the province",
648
+ "refs": [
649
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635947/laborer-hurt-when-he-falls-from-building-in-kalinga-due-to-earthquake"
650
+ ]
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "sentence": "In Ilocos Norte, bricks fell from old buildings, including at an elementary school",
654
+ "refs": [
655
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636975/luzon-earthquake-leaves-3494-houses-51-buildings-damaged-dilg/amp"
656
+ ]
657
+ },
658
+ {
659
+ "sentence": "Cracks also appeared in the public market",
660
+ "refs": []
661
+ },
662
+ {
663
+ "sentence": "The Philippine Ports Authority (PAA) said that hairline cracks occurred in a building at the Port of Currimao, Ilocos Norte, and at a passenger terminal in Claveria, Cagayan",
664
+ "refs": []
665
+ },
666
+ {
667
+ "sentence": "In Asipulo, Ifugao, a landslide partially buried an ambulance; four occupants including a pregnant woman escaped unhurt",
668
+ "refs": [
669
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636061/normal-operations-no-major-structural-damage-in-eight-ports-after-abra-earthquake-ppa"
670
+ ]
671
+ },
672
+ {
673
+ "sentence": "There were two deaths in Benguet, including one in La Trinidad, who died due to falling debris from a collapsed building",
674
+ "refs": [
675
+ "https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/27/22/lindol-nagdulot-ng-landslide-sa-ifugao-ambulansya-natabunan",
676
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636975/luzon-earthquake-leaves-3494-houses-51-buildings-damaged-dilg/amp"
677
+ ]
678
+ },
679
+ {
680
+ "sentence": "At least 62 buildings were damaged in the province",
681
+ "refs": [
682
+ "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635558/1-dead-as-building-collapses-in-benguet-town-due-to-quake"
683
+ ]
684
+ }
685
+ ],
686
+ "subsections": []
687
+ }
688
+ ]
689
+ },
690
+ {
691
+ "section_title": "Gallery",
692
+ "section_content": [],
693
+ "subsections": []
694
+ },
695
+ {
696
+ "section_title": "See also",
697
+ "section_content": [],
698
+ "subsections": []
699
+ },
700
+ {
701
+ "section_title": "References",
702
+ "section_content": [],
703
+ "subsections": []
704
+ },
705
+ {
706
+ "section_title": "External links",
707
+ "section_content": [],
708
+ "subsections": []
709
+ }
710
+ ],
711
+ "references": {
712
+ "1": "https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/tsunami/related-runups/5855",
713
+ "2": "https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/8/28/M5.2-quake-Pilar-Abra-828.html",
714
+ "3": "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4210/SitRep_No._4_for_Magnitude_6.4_Earthquake_in_Lagayan_Abra_2022.pdf",
715
+ "4": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000i5rd/executive",
716
+ "5": "https://www.rappler.com/nation/luzon/abra-earthquake-july-27-2022/",
717
+ "6": "https://ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/4192/SitRep_No_15_for_Magnitude_7_0_Earthquake_in_Tayum_Abra_2022.pdf",
718
+ "7": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/search/",
719
+ "8": "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B1F.html",
720
+ "9": "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B2F.html",
721
+ "10": "https://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/fault-that-caused-a-july-quake-in-the-philippines-still-in-question-14355/",
722
+ "11": "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/abra-river-fault-which-last-moved-in-1868-may-have-triggered-powerful-quake-solidum/",
723
+ "12": "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012MarGR..33..369A",
724
+ "13": "https://doi.org/10.26443%2Fseismica.v1i1.217",
725
+ "14": "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/July/2022_0727_0043_B3F.html",
726
+ "15": "https://earthquake.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/2022_Earthquake_Information/October/2022_1025_1459_B4F.html",
727
+ "16": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000iwds/executive",
728
+ "17": "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/10/28/2219924/ndrrmc-85-hurt-44k-families-affected-abra-quake/",
729
+ "18": "https://apnews.com/article/science-philippines-manila-earthquakes-ferdinand-marcos-jr-be94326447233d3eae14763ada43dc1c",
730
+ "19": "https://news.abs-cbn.com/amp/news/10/26/22/look-rockslide-damaged-structure-in-wake-of-abra-quake",
731
+ "20": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/849281/part-of-church-belfry-falls-cracks-show-after-abra-quake/story/?amp",
732
+ "21": "https://www.expressandstar.com/news/world-news/2022/10/27/rebels-kill-two-soldiers-helping-with-aid-efforts-in-area-hit-by-earthquake/",
733
+ "22": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/849331/phivolcs-logs-409-aftershocks-following-magnitude-6-4-quake-in-abra/story/",
734
+ "23": "https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffeart.2023.1091595",
735
+ "24": "https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/news/15340-primer-on-the-27-july-2022-magnitude-mw-7-0-northwestern-luzon-earthquake",
736
+ "25": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/26/world/asia/philippines-earthquake.html",
737
+ "26": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/balitambayan/balita/839559/magnitude-7-na-lindol-yumanig-sa-abra-1-tao-napaulat-na-namatay/story/",
738
+ "27": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/839533/no-tsunami-threat-phivolcs-assures-after-magnitude-7-quake/story/",
739
+ "28": "https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/no-tsunami-alert-raised-after-luzon-earthquake-july-27-2022/",
740
+ "29": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/839530/power-transmission-services-normal-despite-earthquake-ngcp/story/",
741
+ "30": "https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/27/latest-stories/pnp-mobilizes-all-luzon-commanders-to-assist-in-quake-relief-operations/1852444",
742
+ "31": "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/ph-army-pcg-rescue-quake-victims/",
743
+ "32": "https://www.rappler.com/nation/video-marcos-jr-press-briefing-luzon-earthquake-july-2022/",
744
+ "33": "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/07/27/2198332/marcos-visit-abra-after-magnitude-70-quake",
745
+ "34": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1179908",
746
+ "35": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636023/dswd-prepares-aid-for-earthquake-hit-residents-in-ilocos-abra",
747
+ "36": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/839532/magalong-suspends-work-classes-in-baguio-after-magnitude-7-quake/story/",
748
+ "37": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180085",
749
+ "38": "https://pia.gov.ph/news/2022/08/01/kongreso-susuportahan-ang-rehabilitasyon-ng-mga-lugar-na-nasalanta-ng-lindol-sa-abra",
750
+ "39": "https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/unicef-stands-ready-reach-children-affected-philippines-earthquake",
751
+ "40": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1179900",
752
+ "41": "https://www.rappler.com/nation/list-countries-offering-aid-luzon-earthquake-july-2022/",
753
+ "42": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180663",
754
+ "43": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1180326",
755
+ "44": "https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202207270022",
756
+ "45": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1181064",
757
+ "46": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1641491/fwd-11-now-dead-in-abra-quake-ndrrmc/amp",
758
+ "47": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1637355/bodies-of-4-missing-abra-residents-retrieved-from-landslide",
759
+ "48": "https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/07/30/news/national/death-toll-in-northern-luzon-quake-climbs-to-10/1852751",
760
+ "49": "https://www.peoplestonightonline.com/news/177-health-facilities-apektado-ng-lindol-sa-abra/",
761
+ "50": "https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/bansa/2022/07/29/2198727/8k-paaralan-sinira-ng-lindol",
762
+ "51": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/73-earthquake-shakes-northern-philippines-felt-in-capital/2022/07/26/783dc34e-0d4b-11ed-88e8-c58dc3dbaee2_story.html",
763
+ "52": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635722/1-dead-44-injured-in-earthquake-hit-abra",
764
+ "53": "https://www.deseret.com/faith/2022/7/27/23280563/massive-earthquake-rocks-northern-philippines-setting-off-landslides",
765
+ "54": "https://mb.com.ph/2022/07/27/strong-abra-quake-damages-vigan-cathedral-bantay-bell-tower-in-ilocos-sur/",
766
+ "55": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636522/watch-abra-residents-take-shelter-at-bangued-plaza-after-strong-quake",
767
+ "56": "https://www.philstar.com/nation/2022/07/28/2198624/abra-declares-state-calamity-due-earthquake-damage",
768
+ "57": "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/839552/deped-cracks-seen-at-several-abra-schools-after-magnitude-7-quake/story/",
769
+ "58": "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/71-magnitude-earthquake-hits-northern-philippines",
770
+ "59": "https://www.rappler.com/nation/death-toll-damage-luzon-earthquake-july-27-2022/",
771
+ "60": "https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2022/7/27/earthquake-7.3-magnitude-Abra-Luzon.html",
772
+ "61": "https://rmn.ph/100-bahay-sa-ilocos-sur-totally-damaged-sa-magnitude-7-na-lindol-restoration-sa-heritage-sites-aabutin-pa-ng-isang-taon/",
773
+ "62": "https://www.topgear.com.ph/news/motoring-news/abra-earthquake-vigan-city-aftermath-a4354-20220727",
774
+ "63": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635457/heritage-structures-churches-damaged-by-7-3-quake",
775
+ "64": "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/magnitude-72-earthquake-strikes-luzon-philippines-emsc-2022-07-27/",
776
+ "65": "https://news.detik.com/internasional/d-6201018/gempa-m-71-di-filipina-terasa-kuat-di-manila-layanan-kereta-disetop/1",
777
+ "66": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220727062024/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635661/mrt-lrt-1-pnr-back-to-normal-operations-after-strong-luzon-earthquake",
778
+ "67": "https://brigadanews.ph/bilang-ng-mga-paaralang-winasak-ng-lindol-umabot-sa-61/",
779
+ "68": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635947/laborer-hurt-when-he-falls-from-building-in-kalinga-due-to-earthquake",
780
+ "69": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636975/luzon-earthquake-leaves-3494-houses-51-buildings-damaged-dilg/amp",
781
+ "70": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636061/normal-operations-no-major-structural-damage-in-eight-ports-after-abra-earthquake-ppa",
782
+ "71": "https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/07/27/22/lindol-nagdulot-ng-landslide-sa-ifugao-ambulansya-natabunan",
783
+ "72": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1635558/1-dead-as-building-collapses-in-benguet-town-due-to-quake"
784
+ },
785
+ "spicy_entities": {
786
+ "july 27, 2022": "DATE",
787
+ "8:43:24 a.m.": "TIME",
788
+ "pht": "ORG",
789
+ "luzon": "LOC",
790
+ "philippines": "GPE",
791
+ "7.0 mw\u202f": "QUANTITY",
792
+ "eleven": "CARDINAL",
793
+ "615": "CARDINAL",
794
+ "at least 35,798": "CARDINAL",
795
+ "\u20b11.88 billion": "MONEY",
796
+ "us$34 million": "MONEY",
797
+ "philippine": "NORP",
798
+ "trench": "PRODUCT",
799
+ "philippine sea plate": "LOC",
800
+ "the sunda plate": "GPE",
801
+ "july 27": "DATE",
802
+ "sunda": "GPE",
803
+ "magnitude 7": "PRODUCT",
804
+ "1970": "DATE",
805
+ "11": "CARDINAL",
806
+ "6.5": "CARDINAL",
807
+ "250\u00a0km": "QUANTITY",
808
+ "155\u00a0mi": "QUANTITY",
809
+ "the july 27, 2022": "DATE",
810
+ "7.7": "CARDINAL",
811
+ "july 16, 1990": "DATE",
812
+ "approximately 215\u00a0km": "QUANTITY",
813
+ "at least 1,600": "CARDINAL",
814
+ "more than 3,000": "CARDINAL",
815
+ "1990": "DATE",
816
+ "baguio": "ORG",
817
+ "usgs": "ORG",
818
+ "7.1": "CARDINAL",
819
+ "mw": "ORG",
820
+ "0.9": "CARDINAL",
821
+ "2\u00a0ft": "QUANTITY",
822
+ "7.3": "CARDINAL",
823
+ "the philippine institute of volcanology and seismology": "ORG",
824
+ "7.0 mw\u202f ": "QUANTITY",
825
+ "3\u00a0km": "QUANTITY",
826
+ "17\u00a0km": "QUANTITY",
827
+ "69": "CARDINAL",
828
+ "the abra river fault": "ORG",
829
+ "1868": "DATE",
830
+ "4.0\u20135.0": "CARDINAL",
831
+ "the philippine fault zone": "ORG",
832
+ "three": "CARDINAL",
833
+ "sierra madre": "FAC",
834
+ "central cordillera mountains": "LOC",
835
+ "west to east": "LOC",
836
+ "the vigan-agao fault": "ORG",
837
+ "the digdig fault": "ORG",
838
+ "pliocene": "PERSON",
839
+ "quaternary": "PERSON",
840
+ "the cordillera mountains": "LOC",
841
+ "the abra river": "LOC",
842
+ "digdig": "ORG",
843
+ "rimando": "PERSON",
844
+ "2022": "DATE",
845
+ "95\u00a0cm": "QUANTITY",
846
+ "37": "CARDINAL",
847
+ "13\u201316\u00a0km": "QUANTITY",
848
+ "at least 3,496": "CARDINAL",
849
+ "phivolcs": "ORG",
850
+ "1.4": "CARDINAL",
851
+ "5.1": "CARDINAL",
852
+ "sixty-three": "CARDINAL",
853
+ "july 28": "DATE",
854
+ "15.0\u00a0km": "QUANTITY",
855
+ "october 25": "DATE",
856
+ "mww": "ORG",
857
+ "6.4": "CARDINAL",
858
+ "thousands": "CARDINAL",
859
+ "139": "CARDINAL",
860
+ "two days later": "DATE",
861
+ "four": "CARDINAL",
862
+ "the new people's army": "ORG",
863
+ "two": "CARDINAL",
864
+ "at least 409": "CARDINAL",
865
+ "october 26": "DATE",
866
+ "vigan": "GPE",
867
+ "the modified mercalli intensity scale": "ORG",
868
+ "bucloc": "GPE",
869
+ "manabo": "GPE",
870
+ "sinait": "GPE",
871
+ "bantay": "GPE",
872
+ "san esteban": "GPE",
873
+ "ilocos sur": "ORG",
874
+ "laoac": "PERSON",
875
+ "pangasinan": "GPE",
876
+ "vi": "PERSON",
877
+ "renato u. solidum": "PERSON",
878
+ "manila": "GPE",
879
+ "tsunami": "GPE",
880
+ "around 0.08": "CARDINAL",
881
+ "0.26\u00a0ft": "CARDINAL",
882
+ "currimao": "GPE",
883
+ "ilocos norte": "PERSON",
884
+ "the national grid corporation": "ORG",
885
+ "ngcp": "ORG",
886
+ "the philippine national police (pnp": "ORG",
887
+ "risk reduction and management office": "ORG",
888
+ "pnp": "ORG",
889
+ "army": "ORG",
890
+ "coast guard": "ORG",
891
+ "bongbong marcos": "PERSON",
892
+ "abra": "PERSON",
893
+ "marcos": "PERSON",
894
+ "ilocos": "GPE",
895
+ "the department of social welfare and development": "ORG",
896
+ "dswd": "ORG",
897
+ "more than 17,410": "CARDINAL",
898
+ "9,291": "CARDINAL",
899
+ "\u20b12.70\u00a0million": "MONEY",
900
+ "58 percent": "PERCENT",
901
+ "the calamity reserve fund": "ORG",
902
+ "the house of representatives": "ORG",
903
+ "unicef": "ORG",
904
+ "at least 616": "CARDINAL",
905
+ "more than 513,330": "CARDINAL",
906
+ "57,022": "CARDINAL",
907
+ "35,798": "CARDINAL",
908
+ "686": "CARDINAL",
909
+ "177": "CARDINAL",
910
+ "8,000": "CARDINAL",
911
+ "central luzon": "LOC",
912
+ "nine": "CARDINAL",
913
+ "the cagayan valley": "LOC",
914
+ "eight": "CARDINAL",
915
+ "the cordillera administrative region": "FAC",
916
+ "seven": "CARDINAL",
917
+ "the department of agriculture and national irrigation administration": "ORG",
918
+ "\u20b156.4\u00a0million": "MONEY",
919
+ "us$1.02\u00a0million": "MONEY",
920
+ "the national irrigation administration": "ORG",
921
+ "\u20b122.7\u00a0million": "MONEY",
922
+ "406,942": "MONEY",
923
+ "2,383": "CARDINAL",
924
+ "\u20b11.81\u00a0billion": "MONEY",
925
+ "us$32.5\u00a0million": "MONEY",
926
+ "\u20b11.88\u00a0billion": "MONEY",
927
+ "us$34\u00a0million": "MONEY",
928
+ "at least 80 percent": "PERCENT",
929
+ "one": "CARDINAL",
930
+ "bangued": "GPE",
931
+ "an additional 44": "CARDINAL",
932
+ "59-year-old": "DATE",
933
+ "tubo": "GPE",
934
+ "the shrine of san lorenzo ruiz": "WORK_OF_ART",
935
+ "the tayum church": "ORG",
936
+ "over 640": "CARDINAL",
937
+ "20": "CARDINAL",
938
+ "at least 31": "CARDINAL",
939
+ "thirty-three": "CARDINAL",
940
+ "kennon road": "FAC",
941
+ "palispis highway": "FAC",
942
+ "baguio general hospital": "ORG",
943
+ "saint louis university": "ORG",
944
+ "32": "CARDINAL",
945
+ "nearly 100": "CARDINAL",
946
+ "unesco world heritage city": "ORG",
947
+ "the vigan cathedral": "ORG",
948
+ "old-century": "DATE",
949
+ "calle crisologo": "PERSON",
950
+ "bantay church": "ORG",
951
+ "30 seconds": "TIME",
952
+ "metro manila": "GPE",
953
+ "the manila metro rail transit system": "ORG",
954
+ "lrt line": "ORG",
955
+ "2": "CARDINAL",
956
+ "senate": "ORG",
957
+ "pasay": "GPE",
958
+ "apayao": "ORG",
959
+ "sixty-one": "CARDINAL",
960
+ "76": "CARDINAL",
961
+ "kalinga": "GPE",
962
+ "the philippine ports authority": "ORG",
963
+ "paa": "ORG",
964
+ "the port of currimao": "FAC",
965
+ "claveria": "GPE",
966
+ "cagayan": "NORP",
967
+ "asipulo": "GPE",
968
+ "ifugao": "ORG",
969
+ "benguet": "ORG",
970
+ "la trinidad": "FAC",
971
+ "at least 62": "CARDINAL"
972
+ },
973
+ "flair_entities": [
974
+ "phivolcs earthquake intensity scale",
975
+ "solidum",
976
+ "bantay church",
977
+ "new people's army",
978
+ "pangasinan",
979
+ "bangued",
980
+ "central luzon",
981
+ "sierra madre",
982
+ "ilocos",
983
+ "unicef",
984
+ "ifugao",
985
+ "philippine national police",
986
+ "kennon road",
987
+ "risk reduction and management office",
988
+ "philippine sea plate",
989
+ "itogon national road",
990
+ "kalinga",
991
+ "rimando",
992
+ "house of representatives",
993
+ "metro manila",
994
+ "usgs",
995
+ "dominic valera",
996
+ "philippines",
997
+ "manila metro rail transit system",
998
+ "vigan-agao fault",
999
+ "lrt line 2",
1000
+ "army and coast guard",
1001
+ "department of social welfare and development",
1002
+ "philippine fault zone",
1003
+ "cordillera mountains",
1004
+ "san esteban",
1005
+ "baguio",
1006
+ "laoac",
1007
+ "apayao",
1008
+ "tayum",
1009
+ "unesco world heritage city",
1010
+ "bantay",
1011
+ "ngcp",
1012
+ "baguio\u2013bua",
1013
+ "la trinidad",
1014
+ "claveria",
1015
+ "department of agriculture and national irrigation administration",
1016
+ "cagayan valley",
1017
+ "renato u",
1018
+ "tubo",
1019
+ "baguio officials",
1020
+ "national irrigation administration",
1021
+ "bongbong marcos",
1022
+ "dagupan",
1023
+ "phivolcs",
1024
+ "marcos",
1025
+ "asipulo",
1026
+ "tayum church",
1027
+ "dswd",
1028
+ "philippine trench",
1029
+ "senate",
1030
+ "philippine institute of volcanology and seismology",
1031
+ "central cordillera mountains",
1032
+ "cagayan",
1033
+ "manabo",
1034
+ "pasay",
1035
+ "sinait",
1036
+ "aspiras",
1037
+ "port of currimao",
1038
+ "abra river fault",
1039
+ "abra",
1040
+ "calle crisologo",
1041
+ "baguio general hospital",
1042
+ "philippine ports authority",
1043
+ "bucloc",
1044
+ "ilocos sur",
1045
+ "cordillera administrative region",
1046
+ "luzon",
1047
+ "benguet",
1048
+ "currimao",
1049
+ "manila trench",
1050
+ "calamity reserve fund",
1051
+ "pnp",
1052
+ "vigan",
1053
+ "sunda plate",
1054
+ "pliocene",
1055
+ "palispis highway",
1056
+ "shrine of san lorenzo ruiz",
1057
+ "vigan cathedral",
1058
+ "ilocos region",
1059
+ "nueva vizcaya road",
1060
+ "paa",
1061
+ "saint louis university",
1062
+ "abra river",
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2022_New_York_City_Subway_attack",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_New_York_City_Subway_attack",
4
+ "summary": "On the morning of April 12, 2022, a mass shooting was committed on a northbound N train on the New York City Subway in Sunset Park, Brooklyn, New York, United States. At approximately 8:24 a.m. EDT, a 62-year-old Black nationalist Frank Robert James put on a gas mask, threw two smoke grenades, and fired a handgun 33 times. The shooting occurred as the train was traveling between the 59th Street and 36th Street stations.\nAlthough no one died, 29 people were injured; ten victims were hit by direct gunfire, while the remaining injuries were from smoke inhalation. Most passengers disembarked at 36th Street, where some passengers fled onto an R train that traveled one additional stop to 25th Street. On the day after the attack, Frank James was arrested as the suspect after a large manhunt. James was charged by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York with committing a terrorist act on a mass transit system and discharging a firearm during the commission of a Crime of Violence, to which James pleaded not guilty. On January 3, 2023, James pled guilty to federal terrorism charges. On October 5, 2023, James was sentenced to life in prison.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
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+ "section_title": "Background",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Frank Robert James was born in the Bronx on August 8, 1959, and spent years drifting across many cities in the United States",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooter-held-without-bail-1337838/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "James had been arrested on 12 previous occasions, mostly for misdemeanors",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html",
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+ "https://www.insider.com/youtube-removes-brooklyn-subway-shooters-frank-james-channel-racist-violence-2022-4"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He was arrested nine times in New York from 1992 to 1998, with charges including possession of burglary tools, criminal sex act, and criminal tampering",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-arrested.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He was arrested three times in New Jersey, the earliest in 1991 and the most recent in 2007; in the mid-1990s, he was charged with making terroristic threats, but was convicted of the lesser charge of the harassment and sentenced to probation and counseling",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He had no felony convictions and was legally allowed to purchase guns; he purchased his Glock 9mm handgun in 2011 from a pawn shop in Columbus, Ohio",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html",
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+ "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/04/13/frank-james-named-brooklyn-subway-shooting-suspect/7303407001/"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Attack",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At 6:15\u00a0a.m",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "EDT on April 12, 2022, video surveillance captured footage of a man matching James' description, who left a U-Haul van two blocks from a train station on the same subway line where the attack took place",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At 8:24\u00a0a.m., multiple people were shot on a northbound N train on the New York City Subway in Sunset Park, Brooklyn",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "After the train left the 59th Street station on the Fourth Avenue Line, the attacker put on a gas mask, threw two smoke grenades onto the floor of a train car, and opened fire with a Glock 17 9\u00a0mm handgun as the train approached the 36th Street station",
61
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-shot-separate-incidents-involving-york-city-subway/story?id=84030707",
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+ "https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/several-people-shot-in-apparent-attack-on-subway-in-brooklyn.html",
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+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/a-subway-attack-that-shook-new-york-city.html"
65
+ ]
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+ },
67
+ {
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+ "sentence": "He fired at least 33 shots and fled the scene after the attack",
69
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-shot-separate-incidents-involving-york-city-subway/story?id=84030707",
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+ "https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/live-updates/brooklyn-subway-shooting-manhunt-nyc-attack/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "When the train stopped at 36th Street, the wounded passengers disembarked at the platform, and police were called to the station at 8:30\u00a0a.m",
76
+ "refs": []
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+ },
78
+ {
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+ "sentence": "A passenger waiting for the subway claimed that he saw \"calamity\" when the subway door opened due to the smoke, blood, and screaming",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-cops-investigate-shooting-explosion-in-brooklyn-train-station-20220412-j7s6mlkx2ncyphkpycjmeooi5y-story.html",
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+ "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/12/brooklyn-subway-shooting-00024637"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Footage of the evacuation from the subway train was filmed by a passenger in an adjacent car and quickly published on social media and news sites",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/brooklyn-subway-station-shooting-witnesses-new-york-city/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The footage depicted the chaos of the evacuation with many people helping injured passengers, shouting about details of the shooting, and requesting emergency services",
93
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "An announcement by the conductor on the R train across the platform urged riders on the northbound platform to board that train",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "When the train arrived at the 25th Street station, it stayed put, and police officers instructed riders to leave the station",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In response, many riders began running for the exits in a panic, injuring more people",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Passengers from the train attended three injured people in one of the cars toward the front of the train",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The New York City Fire Department (FDNY) arrived at the 36th Street station, initially responding to reports of smoke in the station",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Victims",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At a morning press conference on the day of the attack, the FDNY said there were sixteen people injured, ten of them with gunshot wounds, five of whom were then in critical but stable condition",
123
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "By the end of the day, a total of 29 injuries were reported: 10 with direct gunfire wounds, and 19 with other injuries",
127
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Some of the injured jumped onto another train to flee the area and received aid at the next station, 25th Street",
131
+ "refs": []
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+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "sentence": "The people not injured by gunfire were instead injured from smoke inhalation or other conditions as they fled the scene",
135
+ "refs": [
136
+ "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Investigation",
144
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Keechant Sewell, the New York City Police Commissioner, said on the day of the attack that the incident was not being investigated as a terrorist attack at that time",
147
+ "refs": []
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+ },
149
+ {
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+ "sentence": "She did not rule out the possibility, saying the attack was under investigation",
151
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "FBI, ATF, and HSI investigators were on the scene along with the NYPD",
155
+ "refs": [
156
+ "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/"
157
+ ]
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "sentence": "Investigation efforts were hampered by the lack of working security cameras in three subway stations",
161
+ "refs": [
162
+ "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/"
163
+ ]
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "sentence": "Police obtained a picture of the suspect from a bystander's cell phone video",
167
+ "refs": [
168
+ "https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/several-people-shot-in-apparent-attack-on-subway-in-brooklyn.html"
169
+ ]
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "sentence": "A $50,000 reward was offered for information leading to the suspect's arrest",
173
+ "refs": [
174
+ "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-subway-shooting-frank-james-sunset-park-new-york/11743662/"
175
+ ]
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "sentence": "Recovered from the train at the scene were several items, including a Glock 9-millimeter handgun, three ammunition magazines, a credit card in the name of Frank R",
179
+ "refs": []
180
+ },
181
+ {
182
+ "sentence": "James, and a key to a U-Haul van",
183
+ "refs": []
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+ },
185
+ {
186
+ "sentence": "Also recovered from the scene were two non-detonated smoke grenades, gasoline, a variety of fireworks (including canister smoke), and a hatchet",
187
+ "refs": [
188
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-arrested.html"
189
+ ]
190
+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "sentence": "During the afternoon of April 13, the day after the attack, a surveillance video showed James entering the subway at the Kings Highway station on the Sea Beach Line, served by the N train",
193
+ "refs": []
194
+ }
195
+ ],
196
+ "subsections": []
197
+ },
198
+ {
199
+ "section_title": "Perpetrator",
200
+ "section_content": [],
201
+ "subsections": [
202
+ {
203
+ "section_title": "Background",
204
+ "section_content": [
205
+ {
206
+ "sentence": "Frank Robert James was born in the Bronx on August 8, 1959, and spent years drifting across many cities in the United States",
207
+ "refs": [
208
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooter-held-without-bail-1337838/"
209
+ ]
210
+ },
211
+ {
212
+ "sentence": "James had been arrested on 12 previous occasions, mostly for misdemeanors",
213
+ "refs": [
214
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html",
215
+ "https://www.insider.com/youtube-removes-brooklyn-subway-shooters-frank-james-channel-racist-violence-2022-4"
216
+ ]
217
+ },
218
+ {
219
+ "sentence": "He was arrested nine times in New York from 1992 to 1998, with charges including possession of burglary tools, criminal sex act, and criminal tampering",
220
+ "refs": [
221
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-arrested.html"
222
+ ]
223
+ },
224
+ {
225
+ "sentence": "He was arrested three times in New Jersey, the earliest in 1991 and the most recent in 2007; in the mid-1990s, he was charged with making terroristic threats, but was convicted of the lesser charge of the harassment and sentenced to probation and counseling",
226
+ "refs": [
227
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html"
228
+ ]
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "sentence": "He had no felony convictions and was legally allowed to purchase guns; he purchased his Glock 9mm handgun in 2011 from a pawn shop in Columbus, Ohio",
232
+ "refs": [
233
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html",
234
+ "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/04/13/frank-james-named-brooklyn-subway-shooting-suspect/7303407001/"
235
+ ]
236
+ }
237
+ ],
238
+ "subsections": []
239
+ },
240
+ {
241
+ "section_title": "Extremist views",
242
+ "section_content": [
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "In rambling videos posted over a series of years on YouTube and Facebook accounts, James often posted angry and hate-filled rants, including those containing homophobia, misogyny and racist comments",
245
+ "refs": [
246
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/",
247
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooting-suspect-la-vegas-shooting-video-1337329/"
248
+ ]
249
+ },
250
+ {
251
+ "sentence": "He posted antisemitic diatribes, expressed grievances at persons he believed had wronged him, made violent threats, and invoked mass shootings",
252
+ "refs": [
253
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html",
254
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220414052538/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooting-suspect-la-vegas-shooting-video-1337329/",
255
+ "https://www.algemeiner.com/2022/04/13/they-hate-jew-nyc-subway-shooting-suspect-frank-james-left-online-trail-of-incitement-and-bigotry/",
256
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/"
257
+ ]
258
+ },
259
+ {
260
+ "sentence": "In a video he published in the weeks before the subway shooting, James claimed to have a severe post-traumatic stress disorder",
261
+ "refs": [
262
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/13/us/frank-james-videos-brooklyn-subway-shooting/index.html"
263
+ ]
264
+ },
265
+ {
266
+ "sentence": "James had posted, \"O black Jesus, please kill all the whiteys\" on social media",
267
+ "refs": []
268
+ },
269
+ {
270
+ "sentence": "James' beliefs have been linked to Black supremacy and he has been outspoken in his criticisms toward mayor Eric Adams and New York City's mental health services in several YouTube videos",
271
+ "refs": [
272
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61100179",
273
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/",
274
+ "https://www.newsweek.com/why-liberal-media-erasing-black-identity-extremism-opinion-1697969",
275
+ "https://www.timesofisrael.com/man-sought-by-nypd-for-subway-shooting-compared-black-americans-to-holocaust-jews/"
276
+ ]
277
+ },
278
+ {
279
+ "sentence": "He implied that a \"race war\" was imminent, and said that \"White people and Black people should not have any contact with each other.\" James characterized the situation of African-Americans as an \"American Auschwitz\", and said that \"the seed is already planted for a Nazi Party to rise in this country again and I believe it will.\"",
280
+ "refs": [
281
+ "https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2022/04/12/5-shot-unexploded-devices-found-at-nyc-train-station/",
282
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/",
283
+ "https://news.sky.com/story/new-york-subway-shooting-police-release-details-of-man-wanted-after-attack-12588989",
284
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61100179",
285
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/",
286
+ "https://www.timesofisrael.com/man-sought-by-nypd-for-subway-shooting-compared-black-americans-to-holocaust-jews/"
287
+ ]
288
+ }
289
+ ],
290
+ "subsections": []
291
+ },
292
+ {
293
+ "section_title": "Investigation and manhunt",
294
+ "section_content": [
295
+ {
296
+ "sentence": "The suspect\u2014who was described as a heavy-built black male, 5\u00a0feet 5\u00a0inches (1.65\u00a0m) tall and 175 to 180 pounds (79 to 82\u00a0kg), wearing a gas mask, MTA uniform, a gray hooded sweatshirt, a green vest and a backpack\u2014fled the scene through another subway train and was not immediately apprehended",
297
+ "refs": []
298
+ },
299
+ {
300
+ "sentence": "According to charging documents in federal court, surveillance footage showed James exiting the subway system at the 25th Street station, one stop away from the shooting",
301
+ "refs": [
302
+ "https://www.wsj.com/articles/brooklyn-shooting-latest-police-hunt-person-of-interest-as-busy-new-york-rush-hour-gets-under-way-11649844816",
303
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-shot-separate-incidents-involving-york-city-subway/story?id=84030707",
304
+ "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/",
305
+ "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-shootings-subway-shooting-sunset-park-new-york/11740555/"
306
+ ]
307
+ },
308
+ {
309
+ "sentence": "Upon reports that the suspect may have fled onto the subway tracks, NYPD officers searched the tunnels",
310
+ "refs": [
311
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting-arrest.html"
312
+ ]
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "sentence": "Law enforcement believes that the attacker acted alone",
316
+ "refs": []
317
+ },
318
+ {
319
+ "sentence": "A U-Haul van used by the suspected gunman and rented in Philadelphia was found eight hours after the attack, about five blocks away from the Kings Highway station of the Sea Beach Line (served by the N train), where police reported the suspect entered the subway system",
320
+ "refs": [
321
+ "https://www.inquirer.com/news/brooklyn-subway-shooting-u-haul-philly-person-of-interest-20220412.html",
322
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/12/nyregion/frank-james-brooklyn-shooting.html"
323
+ ]
324
+ },
325
+ {
326
+ "sentence": "Investigators were able to identify the suspect after finding a key at the crime scene, linking it to the credit card that was used to rent the van",
327
+ "refs": [
328
+ "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/video-shows-suspected-brooklyn-subway-shooter-frank-james-enter-station/3644503/",
329
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/12/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting"
330
+ ]
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "sentence": "A jacket discarded by James on the 36th Street station platform had a receipt from a storage facility in Philadelphia in it, where he rented an apartment in the weeks before the attack",
334
+ "refs": [
335
+ "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/brooklyn-subway-shooting-nyc/index.html"
336
+ ]
337
+ },
338
+ {
339
+ "sentence": "Searches of the storage facility and apartment found handgun ammunition, a taser, a high-capacity magazine for rifles, and a smoke canister",
340
+ "refs": [
341
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting-arrest.html"
342
+ ]
343
+ },
344
+ {
345
+ "sentence": "At around 7:20\u00a0p.m",
346
+ "refs": []
347
+ },
348
+ {
349
+ "sentence": "on the day of the attack, James, then age 62, was named by the NYPD as a person of interest",
350
+ "refs": [
351
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooter-held-without-bail-1337838/"
352
+ ]
353
+ },
354
+ {
355
+ "sentence": "James was believed to be the renter of the U-Haul van",
356
+ "refs": []
357
+ },
358
+ {
359
+ "sentence": "On the day after the attack, he was named as a suspect",
360
+ "refs": [
361
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/12/us/brooklyn-subway-shooting/index.html",
362
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61089619",
363
+ "https://www.brproud.com/news/who-is-frank-r-james-person-of-interest-in-brooklyn-subway-attack/"
364
+ ]
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "sentence": "Authorities sent out an emergency alert with photos of James and a tipline; the rare use of the alert system (which was also used during the manhunt for the 2016 Chelsea bomber) distributed James' name and face to every New Yorker with a smartphone",
368
+ "refs": [
369
+ "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-subway-shooting-frank-james-sunset-park-new-york/11743662/",
370
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting-arrest.html"
371
+ ]
372
+ },
373
+ {
374
+ "sentence": "During the manhunt, authorities appealed to the public to provide mobile phone videos from the shooting or any other information that could locate the suspect",
375
+ "refs": [
376
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/16/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooter-nypd-manhunt.html"
377
+ ]
378
+ }
379
+ ],
380
+ "subsections": []
381
+ },
382
+ {
383
+ "section_title": "Arrest and charges",
384
+ "section_content": [
385
+ {
386
+ "sentence": "The day after the attack, James called the tipline, said he knew he was wanted and that he was at a McDonald's at Sixth Street and First Avenue in the East Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan",
387
+ "refs": []
388
+ },
389
+ {
390
+ "sentence": "Officers responding to the McDonald's did not find James, but after driving around the area, found him near St",
391
+ "refs": [
392
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/US/nyc-police-search-gunman-brooklyn-subway-shooting/story?id=84051890"
393
+ ]
394
+ },
395
+ {
396
+ "sentence": "Marks Place and First Avenue and arrested him at about 1:45\u00a0p.m",
397
+ "refs": []
398
+ },
399
+ {
400
+ "sentence": "ET, The manhunt lasted 29 hours",
401
+ "refs": [
402
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-arrested.html",
403
+ "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/day-2-brooklyn-subway-shooting-nyc/h_88e5073ba048ddf9a3f60a607835f653"
404
+ ]
405
+ },
406
+ {
407
+ "sentence": "Dozens of people contacted NYPD with tips about James' whereabouts, and many took credit for his apprehension",
408
+ "refs": [
409
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting-arrest.html"
410
+ ]
411
+ },
412
+ {
413
+ "sentence": "James was charged by the U.S",
414
+ "refs": []
415
+ },
416
+ {
417
+ "sentence": "Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York with committing a terrorist act on a mass transit system, potentially facing a maximum of life in prison",
418
+ "refs": []
419
+ },
420
+ {
421
+ "sentence": "On January 3, 2023, James pled guilty to federal terrorism charges",
422
+ "refs": []
423
+ },
424
+ {
425
+ "sentence": "On October 5, 2023, James was sentenced in federal court to 10 concurrent life sentences without parole for each victim he shot, plus an additional 10 years for a firearms charge",
426
+ "refs": [
427
+ "https://apnews.com/article/brooklyn-crime-indictments-new-york-city-legal-proceedings-8e2dd55704ce84afccbfa1901a46de0a"
428
+ ]
429
+ }
430
+ ],
431
+ "subsections": []
432
+ }
433
+ ]
434
+ },
435
+ {
436
+ "section_title": "Aftermath",
437
+ "section_content": [
438
+ {
439
+ "sentence": "As a precaution, law enforcement increased security at regional transit hubs",
440
+ "refs": []
441
+ },
442
+ {
443
+ "sentence": "The security detail of Mayor Eric Adams was augmented, as the suspect had made \"concerning posts\" about the mayor",
444
+ "refs": [
445
+ "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/"
446
+ ]
447
+ },
448
+ {
449
+ "sentence": "Service on the D, N, and R trains was partially suspended along the BMT Fourth Avenue Line following the attack, B and W trains were suspended while Q trains ran local in Manhattan to provide additional service",
450
+ "refs": []
451
+ },
452
+ {
453
+ "sentence": "Service was later restored along the BMT Fourth Avenue Line, initially bypassing the 36th Street station",
454
+ "refs": []
455
+ },
456
+ {
457
+ "sentence": "NYC Ferry offered free transit on its South Brooklyn route on the day of the shooting",
458
+ "refs": [
459
+ "https://twitter.com/NYCTSubway/status/1513870009352732681",
460
+ "https://new.mta.info/article/subway-service-changes-due-36-st-incident"
461
+ ]
462
+ },
463
+ {
464
+ "sentence": "Following surge pricing by both Uber and Lyft after the shooting, and many customers posting screenshots of the prices to social media, Uber announced surge pricing would be disabled in the vicinity of the shooting and pricing would be capped for the entire city, with refunds offered to affected users",
465
+ "refs": [
466
+ "https://gothamist.com/news/south-brooklyn-subway-service-still-disrupted-after-shooting"
467
+ ]
468
+ },
469
+ {
470
+ "sentence": "Five people split the $50,000 reward that had been offered for information leading to the suspect's arrest",
471
+ "refs": []
472
+ },
473
+ {
474
+ "sentence": "On April 21, Adams honored civilians and police officers who were involved in the capture of James",
475
+ "refs": [
476
+ "https://www.npr.org/2022/04/15/1093161156/reward-brooklyn-suspected-subway-shooter-nyc-split-by-5-tipsters",
477
+ "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/five-split-50000-reward-new-york-subway-shooting-case-rcna24661"
478
+ ]
479
+ },
480
+ {
481
+ "sentence": "Four of the five civilians who split the $50,000 reward attended the ceremony",
482
+ "refs": []
483
+ },
484
+ {
485
+ "sentence": "A week after the attack, several members of Congress from New York sent a letter to the MTA, asking why the surveillance cameras at the 36th Street station had malfunctioned prior to the attack",
486
+ "refs": []
487
+ },
488
+ {
489
+ "sentence": "In a letter dated May 2, 2022, MTA chairman Janno Lieber said the cameras at the 25th, 36th, and 45th Street stations had faulty fan units, which impacted the cameras' ability to transmit footage",
490
+ "refs": [
491
+ "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/ny-members-of-congress-grill-mta-over-cameras-that-failed-during-brooklyn-subway-attack/3657655/"
492
+ ]
493
+ },
494
+ {
495
+ "sentence": "The day before the attack, maintenance teams had unsuccessfully attempted to repair the cameras",
496
+ "refs": []
497
+ },
498
+ {
499
+ "sentence": "The teams had been installing new communications hardware on the morning of April 12 when they were forced to evacuate; according to Lieber, the repairs were completed in the middle of the day on April 13",
500
+ "refs": []
501
+ }
502
+ ],
503
+ "subsections": []
504
+ },
505
+ {
506
+ "section_title": "Reactions",
507
+ "section_content": [
508
+ {
509
+ "sentence": "President Joe Biden and U.S",
510
+ "refs": []
511
+ },
512
+ {
513
+ "sentence": "Attorney General Merrick Garland were briefed on the shooting",
514
+ "refs": []
515
+ },
516
+ {
517
+ "sentence": "A spokesman for Mayor Eric Adams called on New Yorkers to \"stay away from this area for their safety and so that first responders can help those in need and investigate\"",
518
+ "refs": [
519
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61082792"
520
+ ]
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "sentence": "New York Governor Kathy Hochul called the suspect \"cold hearted and depraved\" while calling for an end to mass shootings and violence in New York City",
524
+ "refs": [
525
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61082792"
526
+ ]
527
+ },
528
+ {
529
+ "sentence": "The week after the shooting, local politicians organized a \"Day of Unity\" to help victims of the attack and local residents",
530
+ "refs": [
531
+ "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-shootings-subway-shooting-sunset-park-new-york/11740555/"
532
+ ]
533
+ }
534
+ ],
535
+ "subsections": []
536
+ },
537
+ {
538
+ "section_title": "See also",
539
+ "section_content": [],
540
+ "subsections": []
541
+ }
542
+ ],
543
+ "references": {
544
+ "1": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220412140516/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/04/12/brooklyn-subway-shooting/",
545
+ "2": "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooter-held-without-bail-1337838/",
546
+ "3": "https://archive.org/details/Frank_R_James_Youtube_Channel_prophet_oftruth88/20200907%7CWISHIN+FOR+A+WHITEMAN%7CGS7XoynzO6E%7C1371.webm",
547
+ "4": "https://nypost.com/2022/05/07/accused-nyc-subway-shooter-frank-james-indicted-by-grand-jury/amp/",
548
+ "5": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61100179",
549
+ "6": "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/",
550
+ "7": "https://nypost.com/2022/05/13/nyc-shooting-suspect-frank-james-pleads-not-guilty-to-terrorism/amp/",
551
+ "8": "https://apnews.com/article/brooklyn-crime-indictments-new-york-city-legal-proceedings-8e2dd55704ce84afccbfa1901a46de0a",
552
+ "9": "https://apnews.com/article/frank-james-subway-shooting-brooklyn-3cc4c99e94944514922844a6827138e1",
553
+ "10": "https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2022/04/new-york-subway-shooting-transit-crime-death-spiral/629554/",
554
+ "11": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/04/12/brooklyn-new-york-subway-shooting-what-we-know/7290322001/",
555
+ "12": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/brooklyn-shooting-latest-police-hunt-person-of-interest-as-busy-new-york-rush-hour-gets-under-way-11649844816",
556
+ "13": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/multiple-shot-separate-incidents-involving-york-city-subway/story?id=84030707",
557
+ "14": "https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/04/several-people-shot-in-apparent-attack-on-subway-in-brooklyn.html",
558
+ "15": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/a-subway-attack-that-shook-new-york-city.html",
559
+ "16": "https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/live-updates/brooklyn-subway-shooting-manhunt-nyc-attack/",
560
+ "17": "https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/12/us/brooklyn-subway-shooting/index.html",
561
+ "18": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61082792",
562
+ "19": "https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/ny-cops-investigate-shooting-explosion-in-brooklyn-train-station-20220412-j7s6mlkx2ncyphkpycjmeooi5y-story.html",
563
+ "20": "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/12/brooklyn-subway-shooting-00024637",
564
+ "21": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/brooklyn-subway-station-shooting-witnesses-new-york-city/",
565
+ "22": "https://nypost.com/2022/04/12/brooklyn-subway-shooting-carnage-seen-in-video/",
566
+ "23": "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/12/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting",
567
+ "24": "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/multiple-people-shot-in-brooklyn-subway-sources/3641743/",
568
+ "25": "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-subway-shooting-frank-james-sunset-park-new-york/11743662/",
569
+ "26": "https://www.cbsnews.com/live-updates/brooklyn-subway-shooting-multiple-people-shot/",
570
+ "27": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-arrested.html",
571
+ "28": "https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/crime/2022/04/13/fireworks-found-brooklyn-subway-shooting-likely-purchased-wisconsin-phantom-fireworks-store/7306258001/",
572
+ "29": "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/video-shows-suspected-brooklyn-subway-shooter-frank-james-enter-station/3644503/",
573
+ "30": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/frank-james-subway-shooting.html",
574
+ "31": "https://www.insider.com/youtube-removes-brooklyn-subway-shooters-frank-james-channel-racist-violence-2022-4",
575
+ "32": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/04/13/frank-james-named-brooklyn-subway-shooting-suspect/7303407001/",
576
+ "33": "https://www.foxnews.com/us/brooklyn-subway-shooting-suspect-frank-james-purchased-gun-2011-ohio-pawn-shop",
577
+ "34": "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-new-york-brooklyn-subway-shooting-social-media-posts-1336740/",
578
+ "35": "https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooting-suspect-la-vegas-shooting-video-1337329/",
579
+ "36": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220414052538/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/frank-james-subway-shooting-suspect-la-vegas-shooting-video-1337329/",
580
+ "37": "https://www.algemeiner.com/2022/04/13/they-hate-jew-nyc-subway-shooting-suspect-frank-james-left-online-trail-of-incitement-and-bigotry/",
581
+ "38": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/04/13/us/frank-james-videos-brooklyn-subway-shooting/index.html",
582
+ "39": "https://globalnews.ca/news/8757772/frank-james-brooklyn-subway-shooting-youtube-videos/",
583
+ "40": "https://nypost.com/2022/04/13/suspect-frank-james-was-spewing-racist-hate-well-before-brooklyn-shooting/",
584
+ "41": "https://www.newsweek.com/why-liberal-media-erasing-black-identity-extremism-opinion-1697969",
585
+ "42": "https://www.timesofisrael.com/man-sought-by-nypd-for-subway-shooting-compared-black-americans-to-holocaust-jews/",
586
+ "43": "https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2022/04/12/5-shot-unexploded-devices-found-at-nyc-train-station/",
587
+ "44": "https://news.sky.com/story/new-york-subway-shooting-police-release-details-of-man-wanted-after-attack-12588989",
588
+ "45": "https://abc7ny.com/brooklyn-shootings-subway-shooting-sunset-park-new-york/11740555/",
589
+ "46": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/13/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooting-arrest.html",
590
+ "47": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/brooklyn-subway-shooting-u-haul-philly-person-of-interest-20220412.html",
591
+ "48": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/12/nyregion/frank-james-brooklyn-shooting.html",
592
+ "49": "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/brooklyn-subway-shooting-nyc/index.html",
593
+ "50": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-61089619",
594
+ "51": "https://www.brproud.com/news/who-is-frank-r-james-person-of-interest-in-brooklyn-subway-attack/",
595
+ "52": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/16/nyregion/brooklyn-subway-shooter-nypd-manhunt.html",
596
+ "53": "https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/national-international/police-hunt-gunman-who-wounded-10-brooklyn-subway-attack/3206201/",
597
+ "54": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/nyc-police-search-gunman-brooklyn-subway-shooting/story?id=84051890",
598
+ "55": "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/day-2-brooklyn-subway-shooting-nyc/h_88e5073ba048ddf9a3f60a607835f653",
599
+ "56": "https://twitter.com/NYCTSubway/status/1513870009352732681",
600
+ "57": "https://new.mta.info/article/subway-service-changes-due-36-st-incident",
601
+ "58": "https://gothamist.com/news/south-brooklyn-subway-service-still-disrupted-after-shooting",
602
+ "59": "https://www.engadget.com/uber-nyc-subway-shooting-surge-pricing-lyft-010817751.html",
603
+ "60": "https://www.npr.org/2022/04/15/1093161156/reward-brooklyn-suspected-subway-shooter-nyc-split-by-5-tipsters",
604
+ "61": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/five-split-50000-reward-new-york-subway-shooting-case-rcna24661",
605
+ "62": "https://abc7ny.com/frank-james-subway-new-york-shooting-brooklyn-nyc/11772889/",
606
+ "63": "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/ny-members-of-congress-grill-mta-over-cameras-that-failed-during-brooklyn-subway-attack/3657655/",
607
+ "64": "https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/mta-explains-why-camera-in-sunset-park-station-malfunctioned-during-subway-shooting/3673517/",
608
+ "65": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/cameras-working-nyc-subway-shooting/story?id=84475268",
609
+ "66": "https://www.brooklynpaper.com/sunset-park-day-of-unity-subway-attack/"
610
+ },
611
+ "spicy_entities": {
612
+ "the morning": "TIME",
613
+ "april 12, 2022": "DATE",
614
+ "n": "GPE",
615
+ "the new york city subway": "GPE",
616
+ "sunset park": "GPE",
617
+ "brooklyn": "GPE",
618
+ "new york": "GPE",
619
+ "united states": "GPE",
620
+ "approximately 8:24 a.m. edt": "TIME",
621
+ "62-year-old": "DATE",
622
+ "frank robert james": "PERSON",
623
+ "two": "CARDINAL",
624
+ "a handgun 33": "CARDINAL",
625
+ "36th": "ORDINAL",
626
+ "29": "CARDINAL",
627
+ "ten": "CARDINAL",
628
+ "36th street": "FAC",
629
+ "one": "CARDINAL",
630
+ "25th street": "FAC",
631
+ "the day": "DATE",
632
+ "frank james": "PERSON",
633
+ "james": "PERSON",
634
+ "u.s.": "GPE",
635
+ "office for the eastern district": "ORG",
636
+ "a crime of violence": "ORG",
637
+ "january 3, 2023": "DATE",
638
+ "october 5, 2023": "DATE",
639
+ "bronx": "GPE",
640
+ "august 8, 1959": "DATE",
641
+ "years": "DATE",
642
+ "the united states": "GPE",
643
+ "12": "CARDINAL",
644
+ "nine": "CARDINAL",
645
+ "1992": "DATE",
646
+ "1998": "DATE",
647
+ "three": "CARDINAL",
648
+ "new jersey": "GPE",
649
+ "1991": "DATE",
650
+ "2007": "DATE",
651
+ "the mid-1990s": "DATE",
652
+ "glock 9mm": "WORK_OF_ART",
653
+ "2011": "DATE",
654
+ "columbus": "GPE",
655
+ "ohio": "GPE",
656
+ "6:15\u00a0a.m. edt": "TIME",
657
+ "8:24\u00a0a.m.": "TIME",
658
+ "59th street": "FAC",
659
+ "the fourth avenue line": "FAC",
660
+ "17 9\u00a0mm": "QUANTITY",
661
+ "at least 33": "CARDINAL",
662
+ "8:30\u00a0a.m.": "TIME",
663
+ "the new york city fire department": "ORG",
664
+ "morning": "TIME",
665
+ "fdny": "ORG",
666
+ "sixteen": "CARDINAL",
667
+ "five": "CARDINAL",
668
+ "the end of the day": "DATE",
669
+ "10": "CARDINAL",
670
+ "19": "CARDINAL",
671
+ "keechant sewell": "PERSON",
672
+ "the new york city": "ORG",
673
+ "fbi": "ORG",
674
+ "atf": "ORG",
675
+ "hsi": "ORG",
676
+ "nypd": "ORG",
677
+ "50,000": "MONEY",
678
+ "frank r. james": "PERSON",
679
+ "the afternoon": "TIME",
680
+ "april 13": "DATE",
681
+ "kings highway": "FAC",
682
+ "the sea beach line": "FAC",
683
+ "youtube": "ORG",
684
+ "the weeks": "DATE",
685
+ "jesus": "PERSON",
686
+ "eric adams": "PERSON",
687
+ "new york city's": "GPE",
688
+ "african-americans": "NORP",
689
+ "a nazi party": "ORG",
690
+ "5\u00a0feet": "QUANTITY",
691
+ "5\u00a0inches": "QUANTITY",
692
+ "1.65": "CARDINAL",
693
+ "175": "CARDINAL",
694
+ "180 pounds": "QUANTITY",
695
+ "79": "CARDINAL",
696
+ "82\u00a0kg": "QUANTITY",
697
+ "mta": "ORG",
698
+ "philadelphia": "GPE",
699
+ "eight hours": "TIME",
700
+ "about five": "CARDINAL",
701
+ "around 7:20\u00a0p.m.": "TIME",
702
+ "age 62": "DATE",
703
+ "2016": "DATE",
704
+ "chelsea": "ORG",
705
+ "arrest": "LOC",
706
+ "mcdonald": "ORG",
707
+ "sixth street": "FAC",
708
+ "first avenue": "FAC",
709
+ "east village": "GPE",
710
+ "lower manhattan": "LOC",
711
+ "st": "GPE",
712
+ "marks place": "ORG",
713
+ "about 1:45\u00a0p.m. et": "TIME",
714
+ "29 hours": "TIME",
715
+ "dozens": "CARDINAL",
716
+ "an additional 10 years": "DATE",
717
+ "the bmt fourth avenue line": "ORG",
718
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+ "james .": "PERSON",
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+ "new yorkers": "NORP",
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+ "first": "ORDINAL",
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+ "kathy hochul": "PERSON",
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+ "new york city": "GPE",
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+ "the week": "DATE",
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+ "a \"day of unity": "EVENT"
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+ "flair_entities": [
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+ "columbus",
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+ "frank r",
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+ "brooklyn",
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+ "nyc ferry",
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+ "kathy hochul",
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+ "eastern district of new york",
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+ "sixth street",
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+ "fdny",
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+ "nazi party",
819
+ "united states"
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+ ]
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+ }
json/2022_Pakistan_floods.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2022_Pakistan_floods",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Pakistan_floods",
4
+ "summary": "From 14 June to October 2022, floods in Pakistan killed 1,739 people, and caused \u20a8 3.2 trillion ($14.9 billion) of damage and \u20a8 3.3 trillion ($15.2 billion) of economic losses. The immediate causes of the floods were heavier than usual monsoon rains and melting glaciers that followed a severe heat wave, both of which are linked to climate change.\nOn 25 August, Pakistan declared a state of emergency because of the flooding.The flooding was the world's deadliest flood since the 2020 South Asian floods and described as the worst in the country's history. It was also recorded as one of the costliest natural disasters in world history.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Background",
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+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "The minister of climate change of Pakistan, Sherry Rehman, said that the provinces of Sindh and Balochistan had received more rainfall than the August average, with 784% and 500% more, respectively",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "Higher than average monsoon rains were also recorded in India and Bangladesh",
15
+ "refs": [
16
+ "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2373444/floods-have-affected-over-30-million-in-pakistan-minister",
17
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-floods-have-affected-over-30-million-people-climate-change-minister-2022-08-25/"
18
+ ]
19
+ },
20
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Indian Ocean is one of the fastest warming oceans in the world, warming by an average of 1\u00a0\u00b0C (1.8\u00a0\u00b0F) (while worldwide temperatures are now at 1.2\u00a0\u00b0C (2.2\u00a0\u00b0F) above pre-industrial temperatures, oceans in general are at around 0.7\u00a0\u00b0C (1.3\u00a0\u00b0F))",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082022/flooding-flooding-monsoons-india-pakistan-bangladesh/"
24
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The rise in sea surface temperatures is believed to increase monsoon rainfall",
28
+ "refs": [
29
+ "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082022/flooding-flooding-monsoons-india-pakistan-bangladesh/"
30
+ ]
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+ },
32
+ {
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+ "sentence": "In addition, southern Pakistan experienced back-to-back heat waves in May and June, which were record-setting and themselves made more likely by climate change",
34
+ "refs": [
35
+ "https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/983748-climate-change-blamed-for-above-normal-rains-in-sindh-balochistan",
36
+ "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082022/flooding-flooding-monsoons-india-pakistan-bangladesh/"
37
+ ]
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "sentence": "These created a strong thermal low that brought heavier rains than usual",
41
+ "refs": [
42
+ "https://theconversation.com/pakistan-floods-what-role-did-climate-change-play-189833",
43
+ "https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/06/deadly-heat-wave-in-india-and-pakistan-was-30x-more-likely-due-to-climate-change-scientists-say/"
44
+ ]
45
+ },
46
+ {
47
+ "sentence": "The heatwaves also triggered glacial flooding in Gilgit-Baltistan",
48
+ "refs": [
49
+ "https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/983748-climate-change-blamed-for-above-normal-rains-in-sindh-balochistan",
50
+ "https://theconversation.com/pakistan-floods-what-role-did-climate-change-play-189833"
51
+ ]
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "sentence": "Pakistan contributes less than 1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, but is one of the places most vulnerable to climate change",
55
+ "refs": []
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "sentence": "A study by an international team of climate scientists says that global heating made the flooding up to 50% worse and future floods more likely",
59
+ "refs": [
60
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/09/13/pakistan-paying-price-climate-change/",
61
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/30/pakistan-monsoon-on-steroids-flooding-warning-antonio-guterres"
62
+ ]
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "sentence": "However, some of the contributors to the severity of the flooding are local to the country",
66
+ "refs": [
67
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/15/pakistan-floods-made-up-to-50-worse-by-global-heating"
68
+ ]
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "sentence": "Deforestation in Pakistan has also been a factor worsening the floods",
72
+ "refs": []
73
+ }
74
+ ],
75
+ "subsections": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "section_title": "Impact",
79
+ "section_content": [
80
+ {
81
+ "sentence": "1,739 people died, including 647 children, and an additional 12,867 were injured",
82
+ "refs": []
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+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "sentence": "Over 2.1 million people were left homeless because of the floods",
86
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf"
88
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "These are the deadliest floods in Pakistan since 2010, when nearly 2,000 died in flooding, and the deadliest in the world since the 2020 South Asian floods",
92
+ "refs": [
93
+ "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-monsoon-floods-2022-islamic-relief-pakistan-12-october-2022",
94
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220428052120/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Human%20Cost%20of%20Disasters%202000-2019%20Report%20-%20UN%20Office%20for%20Disaster%20Risk%20Reduction.pdf"
95
+ ]
96
+ },
97
+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 29 August, Sherry Rehman, the minister of climate change, claimed that \"one-third\" of the country was underwater, and there was \"no dry land to pump the water out\", adding that it was a \"crisis of unimaginable proportions\"",
99
+ "refs": [
100
+ "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/"
101
+ ]
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "sentence": "Her claim received widespread media coverage",
105
+ "refs": [
106
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62712301"
107
+ ]
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "sentence": "In contrast, the UNOSAT United Nations Satellite Centre reported that 75,000km2 had been flooded (around 9% of Pakistan) with USAID stating a maximum floodwater extent of 32,800 square miles (around 10% of Pakistan)",
111
+ "refs": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "sentence": "A BBC report estimated that around 10\u201312% of Pakistan was flooded; the total area of standing floodwaters peaked between July and August at approximately 32,800 square miles (84,952\u00a0km2)",
115
+ "refs": [
116
+ "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/10-of-pakistans-population-exposed-to-flooding-un-agency/2673896",
117
+ "https://unosat-maps.web.cern.ch/PK/FL20220808PAK/UNOSAT_A3_Natural_Landscape_FL20220808PAK_26Aug2022.pdf",
118
+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0czg85z"
119
+ ]
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "sentence": "Agricultural fields were also devastated by the flooding",
123
+ "refs": [
124
+ "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022-09-30_USG_Pakistan_Floods_Fact_Sheet_8.pdf"
125
+ ]
126
+ },
127
+ {
128
+ "sentence": "The floods affected 33 million people in Pakistan and destroyed 897,014 houses and damaged another 1,391,467",
129
+ "refs": [
130
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf",
131
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62712301",
132
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-floods-key-points-third-of-country-under-water-right-now/articleshow/93858586.cms"
133
+ ]
134
+ },
135
+ {
136
+ "sentence": "1,164,270 livestock have been killed, most of them in the province of Balochistan, while destruction to 13,115 kilometres (8,149\u00a0mi) of roads and 439 bridges has impeded access across flood-affected areas",
137
+ "refs": [
138
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf",
139
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf",
140
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf"
141
+ ]
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "sentence": "Over 22,000 schools were damaged or destroyed",
145
+ "refs": [
146
+ "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-monsoon-floods-2022-islamic-relief-pakistan-12-october-2022"
147
+ ]
148
+ },
149
+ {
150
+ "sentence": "Government officials estimated at least $30 billion of reconstruction costs and economic damage, equivalent to about 10% of GDP",
151
+ "refs": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "sentence": "A needs assessment led by the Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives and conducted jointly with the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the European Union (EU), the United Nations agencies with technical facilitation by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the World Bank concluded that damages exceed $14.9 billion",
155
+ "refs": []
156
+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "sentence": "Economic losses were estimated to reach about $15.2 billion, and estimated needs for rehabilitation and reconstruction in a resilient way are at least $16.3 billion",
159
+ "refs": []
160
+ },
161
+ {
162
+ "sentence": "Aid workers warned that lack of clean drinking water caused an increase in waterborne diseases, namely diarrhea, cholera, dengue, and malaria",
163
+ "refs": []
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "sentence": "Skin infections caused by wet conditions have also been widely reported",
167
+ "refs": [
168
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62779533"
169
+ ]
170
+ }
171
+ ],
172
+ "subsections": [
173
+ {
174
+ "section_title": "Sindh",
175
+ "section_content": [
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "Floods in Sindh killed 799 people and injured 8,422",
178
+ "refs": []
179
+ },
180
+ {
181
+ "sentence": "Among the 338 children killed were three who died when the roof of their house collapsed in Kandhkot",
182
+ "refs": [
183
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf",
184
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf"
185
+ ]
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "sentence": "10 million people have been displaced in Sindh and 57,496 houses were severely damaged or completely destroyed, mostly in the Hyderabad Division, and 830 cattle were killed",
189
+ "refs": [
190
+ "https://arynews.tv/sindh-rains-three-children-die-as-roof-collapses-in-kandhkot/amp/"
191
+ ]
192
+ },
193
+ {
194
+ "sentence": "6,200\u00a0km2 (1,540,000 acres) of farmland have been swept away by the floods",
195
+ "refs": [
196
+ "https://arynews.tv/sindh-rains-three-children-die-as-roof-collapses-in-kandhkot/amp/"
197
+ ]
198
+ },
199
+ {
200
+ "sentence": "The Larkana and Sukkur divisions were severely affected by the floods; Thari Mirwah and Khairpur Nathan Shah were \"inundated\"",
201
+ "refs": []
202
+ },
203
+ {
204
+ "sentence": "The floods have turned the Indus River into a lake 100\u00a0km (62\u00a0mi) wide",
205
+ "refs": [
206
+ "https://www.ptv.com.pk/ptvWorld/engNewsDetail/42432",
207
+ "https://www.radio.gov.pk/26-08-2022/pm-to-pay-aerial-visit-to-flood-affected-areas-of-sindh",
208
+ "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2374279/khairpur-nathan-shah-goes-under-water"
209
+ ]
210
+ },
211
+ {
212
+ "sentence": "The towns of Johi and Mehar were saved by their residents making ring bands around their towns",
213
+ "refs": [
214
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/31/asia/pakistan-floods-forms-inland-lake-satellite-intl-hnk/"
215
+ ]
216
+ },
217
+ {
218
+ "sentence": "In Jacobabad, which has been called the world's hottest city, more than 40,000 people are living in temporary shelters with limited access to food, with 19 dead from the flooding as of 31 August",
219
+ "refs": []
220
+ },
221
+ {
222
+ "sentence": "During the floods, Lake Manchar overflowed, and in September 2022 efforts were made to assist its drainage",
223
+ "refs": []
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "In the Dadu District, floodwater reportedly submerged 300 villages",
227
+ "refs": []
228
+ },
229
+ {
230
+ "sentence": "The Sindh provincial government confirmed, on 16 September 2022, 588 cases of malaria, with a further 10,604 suspected cases, as well as 17,977 cases of diarrhea, and 20,064 of skin disease",
231
+ "refs": []
232
+ },
233
+ {
234
+ "sentence": "Since 1 July, a total of 2,300,000 patients have been treated for malaria in field and mobile hospitals",
235
+ "refs": []
236
+ },
237
+ {
238
+ "sentence": "A high of 90,000 cases of diarrhea were reported in a single day on 1 September",
239
+ "refs": []
240
+ }
241
+ ],
242
+ "subsections": []
243
+ },
244
+ {
245
+ "section_title": "Balochistan",
246
+ "section_content": [
247
+ {
248
+ "sentence": "Flooding in Balochistan killed 336 people",
249
+ "refs": []
250
+ },
251
+ {
252
+ "sentence": "In many areas, rainwater infiltrated many homes and made them uninhabitable",
253
+ "refs": [
254
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf"
255
+ ]
256
+ },
257
+ {
258
+ "sentence": "Many families were displaced",
259
+ "refs": []
260
+ },
261
+ {
262
+ "sentence": "426,897 houses have either been damaged or completely destroyed, and 1,230\u00a0km2 (304,000 acres) of crops were lost",
263
+ "refs": [
264
+ "https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/971604-three-women-killed-in-quetta-rain-related-incidents",
265
+ "https://video.dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/mustwatch/144518/Heavy-rains-flood-low-lying-areas-of-Quetta"
266
+ ]
267
+ },
268
+ {
269
+ "sentence": "An estimated half-million livestock have also been killed",
270
+ "refs": [
271
+ "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/",
272
+ "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-2022-monsoon-floods-situation-report-no-03-26-august-2022",
273
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62469448"
274
+ ]
275
+ },
276
+ {
277
+ "sentence": "According to the Relief Commissioner Provincial Disaster Management, Balochistan's capital Quetta has been declared a disaster area due to rains, and an emergency had been declared in the province",
278
+ "refs": []
279
+ },
280
+ {
281
+ "sentence": "Many organisations took part in relief, including Balochistan Youth Action Committee",
282
+ "refs": [
283
+ "https://www.independenturdu.com/node/107461",
284
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/officials-heavy-rains-leave-17-dead-over-3-days-in-pakistan/2022/07/06/b676a62e-fd21-11ec-b39d-71309168014b_story.html",
285
+ "https://tribune.com.pk/story/2364822/quetta-declared-calamity-hit-as-heavy-rains-kill-at-least-25-in-balochistan",
286
+ "https://images.dawn.com/news/1190723"
287
+ ]
288
+ }
289
+ ],
290
+ "subsections": []
291
+ },
292
+ {
293
+ "section_title": "Khyber Pakhtunkhwa",
294
+ "section_content": [
295
+ {
296
+ "sentence": "309 people died and 600,000 others were displaced by floods",
297
+ "refs": [
298
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf"
299
+ ]
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "sentence": "Among them were five children in Upper Dir District; they had been returning home from school before they were swept away by the floods and drowned",
303
+ "refs": [
304
+ "https://arynews.tv/264-people-dead-600000-homeless-in-kp-floods/amp/"
305
+ ]
306
+ },
307
+ {
308
+ "sentence": "326,897 houses were damaged due to floods and landslides, and 7,742 cattle died from collapsing sheds",
309
+ "refs": [
310
+ "https://arynews.tv/six-schoolgoing-children-swept-away-in-flash-flood/amp/"
311
+ ]
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "sentence": "In Swat District, a newly built hotel had collapsed due to excessive flooding",
315
+ "refs": [
316
+ "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/"
317
+ ]
318
+ },
319
+ {
320
+ "sentence": "The southwestern part of the province was previously affected by the June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake.",
321
+ "refs": [
322
+ "https://news.sky.com/video/pakistan-moment-raging-floods-destroy-and-wash-away-iconic-hotel-in-northwestern-resort-12682369"
323
+ ]
324
+ },
325
+ {
326
+ "sentence": "In Lower Kohistan District, 5 people stranded in a hill torrent were swept away; 4 of them were killed, while the other one was rescued",
327
+ "refs": []
328
+ },
329
+ {
330
+ "sentence": "In Balakot, 8 nomads were killed due to flooding in a tributary of the Kunhar River",
331
+ "refs": [
332
+ "https://www.dawn.com/news/1707142"
333
+ ]
334
+ },
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "12 people were also killed in flooding in different areas of Dera Ismail Khan due to flash floods from hill torrents",
337
+ "refs": [
338
+ "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2373361/eight-dead-as-floods-wreak-havoc-in-balakot?amp=1"
339
+ ]
340
+ }
341
+ ],
342
+ "subsections": []
343
+ },
344
+ {
345
+ "section_title": "Gilgit-Baltistan",
346
+ "section_content": [
347
+ {
348
+ "sentence": "23 people died, four are missing, and floods badly affected the Karakoram Highway",
349
+ "refs": [
350
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf"
351
+ ]
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "sentence": "Roads were closed for traffic at several places due to landslides",
355
+ "refs": [
356
+ "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/"
357
+ ]
358
+ },
359
+ {
360
+ "sentence": "The districts of Ghizer, Nagar, Diamer, Ghanche, and Astore were the worst affected",
361
+ "refs": [
362
+ "https://www.dawn.com/news/1698635",
363
+ "https://www.suchtv.pk/pakistan/gilgit-baltistan/item/114337-four-dead-serveral-missing-as-flash-floods-wreak-havoh-in-ghizer-gb.html"
364
+ ]
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "sentence": "420 homes were destroyed and 740 were damaged due to floods and landslides",
368
+ "refs": []
369
+ },
370
+ {
371
+ "sentence": "Meanwhile, the S-1 Strategic Highway also suffered erosion due to high water flows in the Indus River",
372
+ "refs": [
373
+ "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/"
374
+ ]
375
+ },
376
+ {
377
+ "sentence": "The Ishkoman Valley Road was cut off at Gutkash due to flooding in the Ishkoman River",
378
+ "refs": []
379
+ },
380
+ {
381
+ "sentence": "A bridge at Chhorbat in Ghanche District was also flooded",
382
+ "refs": [
383
+ "https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/973919-threatening-glaciers"
384
+ ]
385
+ },
386
+ {
387
+ "sentence": "Valley roads and two bridges in Nagar District were swept away by floods",
388
+ "refs": []
389
+ },
390
+ {
391
+ "sentence": "There are also reports of damage in Khanar and Bonar in Diamer District",
392
+ "refs": [
393
+ "https://arab.news/j87ab"
394
+ ]
395
+ },
396
+ {
397
+ "sentence": "As of 26 August, most parts of the villages in Ghizer were destroyed by the flood",
398
+ "refs": [
399
+ "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2368705/watch-two-youths-brave-gushing-flood-waters-to-save-two-minor-girls-in-g-b"
400
+ ]
401
+ },
402
+ {
403
+ "sentence": "Among these are Buber Valley, Gahkuch, and Gulmuti",
404
+ "refs": []
405
+ },
406
+ {
407
+ "sentence": "Residents were asked to evacuate the flood-affected areas",
408
+ "refs": []
409
+ },
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "River levels are rising to an extremely dangerous height.",
412
+ "refs": []
413
+ }
414
+ ],
415
+ "subsections": []
416
+ },
417
+ {
418
+ "section_title": "Punjab",
419
+ "section_content": [
420
+ {
421
+ "sentence": "In Punjab, 223 people died and 3,858 others suffered injuries",
422
+ "refs": []
423
+ },
424
+ {
425
+ "sentence": "In Taunsa Sharif, many settlements were submerged in floodwater",
426
+ "refs": [
427
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf"
428
+ ]
429
+ },
430
+ {
431
+ "sentence": "In the historical town of Mangadotha, west of Taunsa Sharif, hundreds of houses and livestock were swept away by flood waters",
432
+ "refs": []
433
+ },
434
+ {
435
+ "sentence": "7,200\u00a0km2 (1,780,000 acres) of farmland were also lost",
436
+ "refs": [
437
+ "https://www.dawn.com/news/1705435/taunsa-city-submerged-by-floodwater"
438
+ ]
439
+ },
440
+ {
441
+ "sentence": "Residents of communities adjacent to flooded rivers began to evacuate, with most families moving away",
442
+ "refs": [
443
+ "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-2022-monsoon-floods-situation-report-no-03-26-august-2022"
444
+ ]
445
+ },
446
+ {
447
+ "sentence": "Most of the families have moved to safer places on foot and camels while carrying only essential supplies as roads and bridges were washed away",
448
+ "refs": []
449
+ }
450
+ ],
451
+ "subsections": []
452
+ },
453
+ {
454
+ "section_title": "Azad Kashmir",
455
+ "section_content": [
456
+ {
457
+ "sentence": "48 people died by flooding in Pakistan administered Kashmir",
458
+ "refs": []
459
+ },
460
+ {
461
+ "sentence": "On 31 July, in Poonch District, ten people died and four were injured when a roof collapsed on top of them",
462
+ "refs": [
463
+ "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf"
464
+ ]
465
+ },
466
+ {
467
+ "sentence": "Five tourists from Mianwali were swept away and later confirmed to have been killed in Neelum Valley on 19 August",
468
+ "refs": [
469
+ "https://www.dawn.com/news/1702669"
470
+ ]
471
+ }
472
+ ],
473
+ "subsections": []
474
+ }
475
+ ]
476
+ },
477
+ {
478
+ "section_title": "Response",
479
+ "section_content": [],
480
+ "subsections": [
481
+ {
482
+ "section_title": "National",
483
+ "section_content": [
484
+ {
485
+ "sentence": "The prime minister, Shehbaz Sharif, who had decided to spearhead the relief operations in the wake of massive floods, met international partners on 25 August who pledged to provide $500 million to the country to mitigate the havoc wreaked by flooding",
486
+ "refs": []
487
+ },
488
+ {
489
+ "sentence": "Army officers, federal cabinet members, and senators will donate their one-month salary for the flood relief fund",
490
+ "refs": []
491
+ },
492
+ {
493
+ "sentence": "PTCL Group, Pakistan's largest telecom and internet services provider, announced \u20a8",
494
+ "refs": [
495
+ "https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/25-Aug-2022/pakistani-cabinet-members-military-officers-to-donate-one-month-salary-for-flood-affectees",
496
+ "https://radio.gov.pk/26-08-2022/federal-cabinet-memberspak-army-officers-donate-one-month-salary-to-flood-relief-fund",
497
+ "https://www.nation.com.pk/amp/2022/08/26/senators-to-donate-salaries-for-relief-of-flood-victims/"
498
+ ]
499
+ },
500
+ {
501
+ "sentence": "1.75 billion(or US$8 million) to support flood relief efforts and those affected by the floods",
502
+ "refs": []
503
+ },
504
+ {
505
+ "sentence": "The chairman of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party and former prime minister, Imran Khan, held a 3-hour-long telethon to raise funds for flood victims and received \u20a8",
506
+ "refs": []
507
+ },
508
+ {
509
+ "sentence": "500 crores (or US$22.5 million) in pledges for flood relief",
510
+ "refs": []
511
+ },
512
+ {
513
+ "sentence": "On 30 August, the Government of Pakistan announced $170 million allocation to flood victims, which will be disbursed through the Benazir Income Support Programme (BISP) as part of Pakistan Flood Response Plan 2022",
514
+ "refs": []
515
+ },
516
+ {
517
+ "sentence": "The Pakistani embassies in China and Turkey have also set up fundraisers requesting flood relief donations from locals",
518
+ "refs": [
519
+ "https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/986790-pakistan-un-to-launch-flood-response-plan-today"
520
+ ]
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "sentence": "Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) introduced the 9999 SMS code for flood relief donations to enable consumers to donate their funds through mobile phone text to support the flood victims",
524
+ "refs": []
525
+ },
526
+ {
527
+ "sentence": "The consumers would be required to write \"fund\" and send it to the 9999 short code to donate \u20a8",
528
+ "refs": []
529
+ },
530
+ {
531
+ "sentence": "10 (or US \u00a24.5) to contribute to the prime minister's floods relief fund",
532
+ "refs": []
533
+ },
534
+ {
535
+ "sentence": "The government has been accused of inaction on relief and rescue operations, with local officials allegedly hoarding humanitarian aid",
536
+ "refs": [
537
+ "https://www.dw.com/en/pakistanis-outraged-by-inept-government-response-to-monsoon-floods/a-62959022"
538
+ ]
539
+ },
540
+ {
541
+ "sentence": "Incidents of looting due to lack of aid have emerged, with several NGOs halting relief operations after their trucks carrying relief goods were looted",
542
+ "refs": [
543
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PD04vBI7FGE",
544
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=niouQeZSMqA"
545
+ ]
546
+ },
547
+ {
548
+ "sentence": "In Sukkur, police booked 100 flood-affected persons under terrorism charges for protesting against the lack of food and relief when Shehbaz Sharif and foreign minister Bilawal Bhutto visited to assess flood damage on 26 August",
549
+ "refs": [
550
+ "https://www.vice.com/en/article/88q5ax/flood-survivor-pakistan-gang-raped"
551
+ ]
552
+ }
553
+ ],
554
+ "subsections": []
555
+ },
556
+ {
557
+ "section_title": "International",
558
+ "section_content": [
559
+ {
560
+ "sentence": "Beyond the immediate response to the floods, the catastrophe that befell this low-income developing nation was an impetus for a global agreement on loss and damage for climate change, under which rich countries which caused the majority of carbon emissions heating the planet would compensate poor countries for the damage that has already occurred or which is unavoidable",
561
+ "refs": []
562
+ },
563
+ {
564
+ "sentence": "Pakistani climate minister Sherry Rehman used this as an example of the damages that low-income nations face, which the New York Times described as \"a fresh reminder of the destructive forces of climate change.\"",
565
+ "refs": [
566
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/19/climate/un-climate-damage-cop27.html"
567
+ ]
568
+ }
569
+ ],
570
+ "subsections": []
571
+ }
572
+ ]
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "section_title": "Army helicopter crash",
576
+ "section_content": [
577
+ {
578
+ "sentence": "On 1 August 2022, a Pakistan Army Aviation helicopter on flood relief operations in the Lasbela area of Balochistan lost contact with air traffic control",
579
+ "refs": []
580
+ },
581
+ {
582
+ "sentence": "The six military personnel on board, including the commander of the XII Corps, Lieutenant General Sarfraz Ali, died in the crash",
583
+ "refs": [
584
+ "https://www.voanews.com/a/pakistan-army-helicopter-carrying-senior-general-5-others-missing-/6682780.html",
585
+ "https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/978799-pakistan-army-aviation-helicopter-goes-missing-enroute-from-karachi-to-quetta",
586
+ "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2368943/army-helicopter-with-six-on-board-including-quetta-corps-commander-goes-missing",
587
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-military-helicopter-with-general-five-others-goes-missing-army-says-2022-08-01/"
588
+ ]
589
+ },
590
+ {
591
+ "sentence": "Reports from Pakistani authorities on their early investigations attributed the crash to poor weather conditions, whereas Reuters reported on unverified claims from the Baloch insurgent group \"Baloch Raaji Aajoi Sangar\" that they shot the helicopter down",
592
+ "refs": [
593
+ "https://www.dawn.com/news/1702847",
594
+ "https://www.dawn.com/news/1702847"
595
+ ]
596
+ }
597
+ ],
598
+ "subsections": []
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "section_title": "See also",
602
+ "section_content": [],
603
+ "subsections": []
604
+ },
605
+ {
606
+ "section_title": "References",
607
+ "section_content": [],
608
+ "subsections": []
609
+ },
610
+ {
611
+ "section_title": "External links",
612
+ "section_content": [],
613
+ "subsections": []
614
+ }
615
+ ],
616
+ "references": {
617
+ "1": "https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/09/01/pakistan-flooding-crisis-climate-change-governance/",
618
+ "2": "https://www.dawn.com/news/1708344",
619
+ "3": "https://cms.ndma.gov.pk/storage/app/public/situation-reports/November2022/N2n1eEarMt6q6Rb8ZYwn.pdf",
620
+ "4": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/10/28/pakistan-flood-damages-and-economic-losses-over-usd-30-billion-and-reconstruction-needs-over-usd-16-billion-new-assessme",
621
+ "5": "https://www.npr.org/2022/09/04/1120952641/how-melting-glaciers-caused-by-climate-change-led-to-to-floods-in-pakistan",
622
+ "6": "https://www.dawn.com/news/1706862",
623
+ "7": "https://hoshyarpakistan.com/national/more-than-4-crore-people-homeless/",
624
+ "8": "https://www.barrons.com/news/pakistan-floods-worst-in-country-s-history-pm-sharif-01661870707",
625
+ "9": "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2373444/floods-have-affected-over-30-million-in-pakistan-minister",
626
+ "10": "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/pakistan-floods-have-affected-over-30-million-people-climate-change-minister-2022-08-25/",
627
+ "11": "https://insideclimatenews.org/news/02082022/flooding-flooding-monsoons-india-pakistan-bangladesh/",
628
+ "12": "https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/983748-climate-change-blamed-for-above-normal-rains-in-sindh-balochistan",
629
+ "13": "https://theconversation.com/pakistan-floods-what-role-did-climate-change-play-189833",
630
+ "14": "https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/06/deadly-heat-wave-in-india-and-pakistan-was-30x-more-likely-due-to-climate-change-scientists-say/",
631
+ "15": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/09/13/pakistan-paying-price-climate-change/",
632
+ "16": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/30/pakistan-monsoon-on-steroids-flooding-warning-antonio-guterres",
633
+ "17": "https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/sep/15/pakistan-floods-made-up-to-50-worse-by-global-heating",
634
+ "18": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3v7J2JdR8E&t=149s",
635
+ "19": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62728678",
636
+ "20": "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-monsoon-floods-2022-islamic-relief-pakistan-12-october-2022",
637
+ "21": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220428052120/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Human%20Cost%20of%20Disasters%202000-2019%20Report%20-%20UN%20Office%20for%20Disaster%20Risk%20Reduction.pdf",
638
+ "22": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62712301",
639
+ "23": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/10-of-pakistans-population-exposed-to-flooding-un-agency/2673896",
640
+ "24": "https://unosat-maps.web.cern.ch/PK/FL20220808PAK/UNOSAT_A3_Natural_Landscape_FL20220808PAK_26Aug2022.pdf",
641
+ "25": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0czg85z",
642
+ "26": "https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/2022-12/2022-09-30_USG_Pakistan_Floods_Fact_Sheet_8.pdf",
643
+ "27": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pakistan-floods-key-points-third-of-country-under-water-right-now/articleshow/93858586.cms",
644
+ "28": "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-2022-monsoon-floods-situation-report-no-5-9-september-2022",
645
+ "29": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62779533",
646
+ "30": "https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/9/13/pakistan-floods-health-crisis-of-epic-proportions",
647
+ "31": "https://arynews.tv/sindh-rains-three-children-die-as-roof-collapses-in-kandhkot/amp/",
648
+ "32": "https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/pakistan-2022-monsoon-floods-situation-report-no-03-26-august-2022",
649
+ "33": "https://www.ptv.com.pk/ptvWorld/engNewsDetail/42432",
650
+ "34": "https://www.radio.gov.pk/26-08-2022/pm-to-pay-aerial-visit-to-flood-affected-areas-of-sindh",
651
+ "35": "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2374279/khairpur-nathan-shah-goes-under-water",
652
+ "36": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/31/asia/pakistan-floods-forms-inland-lake-satellite-intl-hnk/",
653
+ "37": "https://tribune.com.pk/story/2375665/johi-mehar-residents-left-to-fend-for-themselves",
654
+ "38": "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/furnace-flood-worlds-hottest-city-pakistan-now-under-water-2022-08-31/",
655
+ "39": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-62764224",
656
+ "40": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/14/world/asia/pakistan-floods.html",
657
+ "41": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-09-16/waterborne-diseases-spread-among-flood-victims-in-pakistan/101450376",
658
+ "42": "https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/971604-three-women-killed-in-quetta-rain-related-incidents",
659
+ "43": "https://video.dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/mustwatch/144518/Heavy-rains-flood-low-lying-areas-of-Quetta",
660
+ "44": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-62469448",
661
+ "45": "https://www.independenturdu.com/node/107461",
662
+ "46": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/officials-heavy-rains-leave-17-dead-over-3-days-in-pakistan/2022/07/06/b676a62e-fd21-11ec-b39d-71309168014b_story.html",
663
+ "47": "https://tribune.com.pk/story/2364822/quetta-declared-calamity-hit-as-heavy-rains-kill-at-least-25-in-balochistan",
664
+ "48": "https://images.dawn.com/news/1190723",
665
+ "49": "https://arynews.tv/264-people-dead-600000-homeless-in-kp-floods/amp/",
666
+ "50": "https://arynews.tv/six-schoolgoing-children-swept-away-in-flash-flood/amp/",
667
+ "51": "https://news.sky.com/video/pakistan-moment-raging-floods-destroy-and-wash-away-iconic-hotel-in-northwestern-resort-12682369",
668
+ "52": "https://www.dawn.com/news/1707142",
669
+ "53": "http://tribune.com.pk/story/2373361/eight-dead-as-floods-wreak-havoc-in-balakot?amp=1",
670
+ "54": "https://www.app.com.pk/domestic/flood-wreaks-havoc-in-d-i-khan-kills-12-people-injures-over-50-others/",
671
+ "55": "https://www.dawn.com/news/1698635",
672
+ "56": "https://www.suchtv.pk/pakistan/gilgit-baltistan/item/114337-four-dead-serveral-missing-as-flash-floods-wreak-havoh-in-ghizer-gb.html",
673
+ "57": "https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/973919-threatening-glaciers",
674
+ "58": "https://arab.news/j87ab",
675
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_UEFA_Champions_League_final",
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+ "summary": "The 2022 UEFA Champions League final was the final match of the 2021\u201322 UEFA Champions League, the 67th season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 30th season since it was renamed from the European Champion Clubs' Cup to the UEFA Champions League. It was played at the Stade de France in Saint-Denis, France, on 28 May 2022, between English club Liverpool and Spanish club Real Madrid. It was the third time the two sides have met in the European Cup final, after 1981 and 2018, the third final held at the Stade de France, after the 2000 and 2006 finals, and the first time the same two teams have met in three finals. Real Madrid won the match 1\u20130 via a 59th-minute goal from Vin\u00edcius J\u00fanior for a record-extending 14th title, and their fifth in nine years.This was the first final to be played in front of a full attendance since the 2019 final, as the previous two finals were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The final was originally scheduled to be played at the Allianz Arena in Munich. After the postponement and relocation of the 2020 final, the final hosts were shifted back a year, so the 2022 final was given to the Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg. Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24 February, UEFA called an extraordinary meeting of the executive committee a day later, and the final was relocated to the Stade de France. Before the match, chaos descended following issues with crowd control, which led to kickoff being delayed by 36 minutes.",
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+ "sentence": "Liverpool played in their 10th European Cup/UEFA Champions League final",
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+ "sentence": "They had previously won six finals (in 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005 and 2019) and lost three (in 1985, 2007 and 2018)",
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+ "sentence": "Real Madrid played in a record 17th European Cup/UEFA Champions League final, and the first since their win in 2018 against Liverpool",
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+ "sentence": "They previously won 13 finals (in 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017 and 2018) and lost three (1962, 1964 and 1981)",
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+ "sentence": "Their manager Carlo Ancelotti reached a record fifth UEFA Champions League final as manager, winning in 2003 and 2007 and losing in 2005 while in charge of Milan, and winning the 2014 final with Real Madrid, and was seeking to become the first manager in history to win four UEFA Champions League titles and eight European trophies",
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+ "sentence": "Real Madrid also played in two European Cup Winners' Cup finals (losing in 1971 and 1983) and two UEFA Cup finals (winning in 1985 and 1986)",
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+ "sentence": "This was a record-third time that the two teams meet in the final, after the 1981 final, which was held in the Parc des Princes in Paris and in which Liverpool prevailed 1\u20130, and the 2018 final held at the Olimpiyskiy National Sports Complex in Kyiv, which was won 3\u20131 by Real Madrid",
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+ "sentence": "This was also the third final for Carlo Ancelotti as manager against Liverpool, after the 2005 and 2007 finals; he also lost the 1984 final as a player for Roma",
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+ "sentence": "This was the sixth time a Spanish side met an English team in the final of the competition, after the 1981, 2006 (won by Barcelona against Arsenal), the 2009 and 2011 finals (both won by Barcelona against Manchester United), and the 2018 final",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "sentence": "Besides the 1981 and 2018 finals, the two clubs had met each other six times",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "sentence": "Liverpool won both matches in the 2008\u201309 UEFA Champions League round of 16 (1\u20130 away and 4\u20130 at home)",
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+ "sentence": "The two clubs were drawn in the same group in the 2014\u201315 UEFA Champions League group stage, with Real Madrid winning 3\u20130 away and 1\u20130 at home",
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+ "sentence": "In the 2020\u201321 quarter-finals, the Spanish side won 3\u20131 at home and held a 0\u20130 draw at Anfield to ensure progression to the semi-finals",
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+ "sentence": "The final was originally awarded to the Allianz Arena in Munich, Germany",
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+ "sentence": "When the COVID-19 pandemic forced the 2020 final to be relocated from the Atat\u00fcrk Olympic Stadium in Istanbul to the Est\u00e1dio da Luz in Lisbon, the Allianz Arena was reawarded with the 2023 final and the 2022 final was given to the original host of the 2021 final, the Krestovsky Stadium in Saint Petersburg",
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+ "sentence": "Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, UEFA organised an emergency meeting of its executive committee on 25 February, at which it decided to move the final to the Stade de France in Saint-Denis",
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+ "sentence": "Other cities proposed as replacement hosts were Amsterdam, Barcelona, Munich and Rome",
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+ "sentence": "This was the first UEFA Champions League final to take place in France since 2006",
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+ "section_title": "Host selection",
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+ "sentence": "An open bidding process was launched on 28 September 2018 by UEFA to select the venues of the finals of the UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, and UEFA Women's Champions League in 2021",
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+ "sentence": "Associations had until 26 October 2018 to express interest, and bid dossiers must be submitted by 15 February 2019",
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+ "sentence": "UEFA announced on 1 November 2018 that two associations had expressed interest in hosting the 2021 UEFA Champions League final, and on 22 February 2019 that both associations submitted their dossiers by the deadline",
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+ "sentence": "The Krestovsky Stadium was selected by the UEFA Executive Committee during their meeting in Ljubljana, Slovenia on 24 September 2019, where the hosts for the 2021 and 2023 UEFA Champions League finals were also appointed",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "sentence": "On 17 June 2020, the UEFA Executive Committee announced that due to the postponement and relocation of the 2020 final caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, Saint Petersburg would instead host the 2022 final",
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+ "section_title": "Road to the final",
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+ "sentence": "Note: In all results below, the score of the finalist is given first (H: home; A: away).",
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+ "section_title": "Pre-match",
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+ "section_title": "Promotion",
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+ "sentence": "The original logo of the 2022 UEFA Champions League final at Saint Petersburg was unveiled at the group stage draw on 26 August 2021 in Istanbul",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Originally, former Russian forward Andrey Arshavin was chosen to be the ambassador for the final",
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+ "section_title": "Officials",
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+ "sentence": "On 11 May 2022, UEFA named Frenchman Cl\u00e9ment Turpin as the referee for the final",
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+ "sentence": "He served as a referee at the UEFA European Championship in 2016 and 2020, as well as at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia",
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+ "sentence": "Turpin also was a video assistant referee at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup in Russia (including in the final), the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates and the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France",
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+ "sentence": "Cabello performed her songs \"Se\u00f1orita\", \"La Buena Vida\", \"Havana\", \"Bam Bam\" and \"Don't Go Yet\"",
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+ "sentence": "For \"security reasons\", the kick-off was initially delayed by 15 minutes to 21:15",
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+ "section_title": "Match",
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+ "section_title": "Summary",
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+ "sentence": "In the 16th minute, Trent Alexander-Arnold played the ball across the Real Madrid penalty area which ended up being hit towards goal by Mohamed Salah before being saved by Thibaut Courtois for the first effort of the match",
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+ "4": "http://www.uefa.com/newsfiles/ucl/2022/2034586_lu.pdf",
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+ "59": "CARDINAL",
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+ "bayern munich": "ORG",
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+ "cristiano ronaldo": "PERSON"
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+ },
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+ "flair_entities": [
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+ "sadio man\u00e9",
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+ "klopp",
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+ "jordan henderson",
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+ "russian",
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+ "manchester united",
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+ "marcello lippi",
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+ "european cup",
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+ "allianz arena",
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+ "vin\u00edcius j\u00fanior",
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+ "parc des princes",
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+ "uefa",
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+ "rome",
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+ "borussia dortmund",
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+ "havana",
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+ "alisson",
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+ "trent alexander-arnold",
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+ "uefa champions league",
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+ "fifa",
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+ "fifa confederations cup",
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+ "european champion clubs' cup",
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+ "alexander-arnold",
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+ "germany",
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+ "cl\u00e9ment turpin",
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+ "uefa cup",
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+ "roberto firmino",
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+ "camila cabello",
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+ "atat\u00fcrk olympic stadium",
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+ "roma",
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+ "nacho",
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+ "salah",
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+ "est\u00e1dio da luz",
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+ "carlo ancelotti",
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+ "nicolas danos",
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+ "thibaut courtois",
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+ "spanish",
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+ "american",
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+ "marcelo",
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+ "filippo meli",
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+ "amsterdam",
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+ "ljubljana",
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+ "thiago alc\u00e2ntara",
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+ "casemiro",
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+ "cabello",
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+ "federico valverde",
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+ "champions league-winning",
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+ "egyptian",
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+ "saint petersburg",
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+ "europe",
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+ "arsenal",
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+ "paris",
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+ "ukraine",
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+ "russia",
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+ "fifa women's world cup",
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+ "gareth bale",
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+ "valverde",
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+ "la buena vida",
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+ "english",
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+ "uefa cup finals",
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+ "ibrahima konat\u00e9",
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+ "liverpool",
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+ "europa league",
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+ "andrew robertson",
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+ "bam bam",
979
+ "olimpiyskiy national sports complex",
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+ "andrey arshavin",
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+ "uefa europa league final",
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+ "munich",
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+ "diogo jota",
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+ "european cup winners' cup",
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+ "uefa europa league",
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+ "mohamed salah",
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+ "german",
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+ "var",
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+ "real madrid",
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+ "bayern munich",
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+ "covid-19",
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+ "luka modri\u0107",
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+ "jota",
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+ "eduardo camavinga",
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+ "villarreal",
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+ "league",
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+ "uefa european championship",
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+ "krestovsky stadium",
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+ "karim benzema",
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+ "italian",
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+ "ferland mendy",
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+ "istanbul"
1003
+ ]
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+ }
json/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_election_in_Pennsylvania",
4
+ "summary": "The 2022 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania was held on November 8, 2022, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Democratic lieutenant governor John Fetterman won his first term in office, defeating Republican surgeon Mehmet Oz to succeed incumbent Republican senator Pat Toomey, who did not seek re-election after two terms. This was the only U.S. Senate seat to flip parties in the 2022 midterms.\nIn the May 17 primary, Fetterman won the Democratic nomination with 59% of the vote. Oz finished with a 0.1% margin ahead of businessman David McCormick in the Republican primary, triggering an automatic recount. McCormick conceded the nomination on June 3, making Oz the first Muslim candidate to be nominated by either major party for U.S. Senate.The general election was among the most competitive of the 2022 midterms and characterized as highly contentious. Fetterman framed Oz as an elitist carpetbagger with a radical anti-abortion stance in the wake of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization overturning Roe v. Wade, while Oz framed Fetterman as a socialist insufficiently committed to fighting crime. Fetterman's health was also a major issue due to him suffering a stroke days before his primary victory. Although Fetterman led most pre-election polls, concerns towards his health and a scrutinized debate performance helped Oz take a narrow lead before the election.Despite Oz's lead in final polls, Fetterman won by a 5% margin, thereby providing Senate Democrats a net gain of one seat and their first outright majority since 2015. With Fetterman's victory, elected Democrats held both US Senate seats from Pennsylvania for the first time since 1947. Oz was the first Republican to lose Pennsylvania's Class 3 Senate seat since 1962. This was the state's first open-seat senate election since 1980.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Republican primary",
8
+ "section_content": [],
9
+ "subsections": [
10
+ {
11
+ "section_title": "Campaign",
12
+ "section_content": [
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "Fetterman's campaign framed Oz as a wealthy outsider who lived outside of Pennsylvania before 2020, including by airing ads that note his past residency in New Jersey",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "Fetterman also flew banners and published social media posts described by The Hill and The Washington Post as \"trolling\" his opponent",
19
+ "refs": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "In one post, Fetterman started a petition to get Oz inducted to the New Jersey Hall of Fame",
23
+ "refs": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "sentence": "In response to the carpetbagging criticisms, Oz said during the primary debate that Pennsylvanians \"care much more about what I stand for than where I'm from\"",
27
+ "refs": [
28
+ "https://twitter.com/PHLDems/status/1503927980812288000"
29
+ ]
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "sentence": "Oz's campaign criticized Fetterman for being inactive since he suffered a stroke in May and made an issue of Fetterman's health",
33
+ "refs": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "sentence": "In September, Oz published his medical records, which prompted Fetterman to state he was medically cleared to serve in the Senate",
37
+ "refs": [
38
+ "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-votevets-endorsement-pennsylvania-senate-20210819.html",
39
+ "https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/editorials/conor-lamb-us-senate-pennsylvania-2022-election-endorsement-20220508.html",
40
+ "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/09/carville-promotes-new-super-pac-for-conor-lamb-00007218"
41
+ ]
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "sentence": "Oz's campaign also framed Fetterman as a socialist, highlighting his endorsement of Bernie Sanders in 2016",
45
+ "refs": [
46
+ "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-super-pac-2022-pennsylvania-senate-race-20220209.html",
47
+ "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/tom-wolf-pennsylvania-2022-senate-race-endorsement-20210715.html",
48
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
49
+ ]
50
+ },
51
+ {
52
+ "sentence": "Fetterman countered that he has differences in policy proposals with Sanders in issues such as fracking",
53
+ "refs": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "sentence": "Fetterman's refusal to debate Oz until late October was criticized by Oz's campaign",
57
+ "refs": []
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "sentence": "Fetterman attributed the delay in debating to lingering issues from his stroke and his team criticized debate concessions from Oz's team for allegedly mocking Fetterman's stroke recovery",
61
+ "refs": [
62
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
63
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
64
+ ]
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "sentence": "A single debate was held on October 25",
68
+ "refs": [
69
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
70
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
71
+ ]
72
+ }
73
+ ],
74
+ "subsections": [
75
+ {
76
+ "section_title": "Early campaign",
77
+ "section_content": [
78
+ {
79
+ "sentence": "In October 2020, incumbent Republican senator Pat Toomey decided not to run for re-election, stating that he wished to return to the private sector",
80
+ "refs": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "sentence": "By October 2021, businessman Jeff Bartos, who had posted strong fund-raising totals, and veteran Sean Parnell, who had the endorsement of former President Donald Trump, emerged as the race's front-runners",
84
+ "refs": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "sentence": "However, Parnell's campaign faced a large scandal in November 2021, after his ex-wife, Laurie Snell, testified in court during a custody hearing for the couple's children that Parnell had strangled and spat on her, abused their children, and told her to \"go get an abortion\"",
88
+ "refs": [
89
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/05/politics/pat-toomey-announcement-not-running-senate-pennsylvania/index.html"
90
+ ]
91
+ },
92
+ {
93
+ "sentence": "Parnell denied the allegations under oath",
94
+ "refs": [
95
+ "https://www.foxnews.com/politics/bartos-fundraising-parnell-3rd-quarter-pennsylvania"
96
+ ]
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "Even before these allegations were made, doubts had arisen among Republicans regarding Parnell's fundraising ability, and it became widely assumed that he would suspend his campaign if he did not win custody of his children",
100
+ "refs": [
101
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/sean-parnell-trump-fundraiser-1253942/"
102
+ ]
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "sentence": "[failed verification] On November 22, 2021, Snell was given custody of the couple's children and Parnell suspended his campaign",
106
+ "refs": [
107
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/sean-parnell-trump-fundraiser-1253942/"
108
+ ]
109
+ }
110
+ ],
111
+ "subsections": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "section_title": "Entry of Oz and McCormick",
115
+ "section_content": [
116
+ {
117
+ "sentence": "On November 30, with Parnell out of the race, Mehmet Oz, a celebrity doctor and television personality, announced his candidacy",
118
+ "refs": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "sentence": "Oz's campaign entered an immediate controversy over whether Oz himself was a resident of Pennsylvania, as he had lived in Cliffside Park, New Jersey, for most of his life and had only registered to vote in Pennsylvania in October 2020",
122
+ "refs": [
123
+ "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/22/parnell-to-suspend-pennsylvania-senate-campaign-523195"
124
+ ]
125
+ },
126
+ {
127
+ "sentence": "The January 2022 entrance of David McCormick, a businessman, into the race prompted attacks for McCormick's past detraction of Trump and criticism of \"America First\" economic policies from Oz allies",
128
+ "refs": [
129
+ "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/22/parnell-to-suspend-pennsylvania-senate-campaign-523195",
130
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/11/30/dr-mehmet-oz-announces-senate-run/"
131
+ ]
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "sentence": "Super PACs allied to McCormick hit back with a spate of well-funded television advertisements, accusing Oz of being a \"Hollywood liberal.\"",
135
+ "refs": [
136
+ "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/30/dr-oz-announces-senate-bid-523530",
137
+ "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/01/11/david-mccormick-senate-campaign-trump-526870"
138
+ ]
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "Republican straw polls in January 2022 indicated strong support for Bartos and political commentator Kathy Barnette among party activists as the campaign started to escalate",
142
+ "refs": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "sentence": "Bartos won the Republican State Committee Central Caucus's straw poll, placing first with 49 votes, while Barnette finished in second place with 30 votes",
146
+ "refs": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "sentence": "McCormick and Sands trailed at third and fourth place; and Oz and former Boxing Commissioner George Bochetto performed poorly, each receiving only one vote",
150
+ "refs": []
151
+ },
152
+ {
153
+ "sentence": "Despite this, political commentators largely considered Oz and McCormick to be the frontrunners, with the other candidates trailing them",
154
+ "refs": [
155
+ "https://whyy.org/articles/millions-pouring-into-pa-governor-and-u-s-senate-races-with-fetterman-and-oz-ahead/",
156
+ "https://www.cityandstatepa.com/content/white-bartos-win-gop-straw-polls-governor-senate-respectively"
157
+ ]
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "sentence": "The McCormick campaign targeted Oz's ties to Turkey and called on him to renounce his Turkish citizenship, accusing Oz of harboring dual loyalties",
161
+ "refs": []
162
+ },
163
+ {
164
+ "sentence": "Oz later stated that if he were elected to the Senate, he would renounce his Turkish citizenship",
165
+ "refs": [
166
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/25/us/politics/mehmet-oz-dave-mccormick-senate.html"
167
+ ]
168
+ },
169
+ {
170
+ "sentence": "Former President Trump endorsed Oz on April 10, citing the popularity of his television show and perceived appeal to female voters",
171
+ "refs": [
172
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/18/us/politics/dr-oz-trump-mccormick-senators-race.html"
173
+ ]
174
+ },
175
+ {
176
+ "sentence": "Oz frequently highlighted this endorsement, it becoming one of his major talking points during the campaign",
177
+ "refs": [
178
+ "https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/598515-oz-says-he-will-renounce-turkish-citizenship-if-elected-to-senate"
179
+ ]
180
+ }
181
+ ],
182
+ "subsections": []
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "section_title": "Late campaign",
186
+ "section_content": [
187
+ {
188
+ "sentence": "Oz had been ahead of the other candidates in the polls since the start of his campaign, with McCormick soon rising quickly in the polls to challenge Oz, with both men polling the low 20s",
189
+ "refs": []
190
+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "sentence": "Barnette had also begun to rise in the polls at this point after a string of attention-getting debate performances and an ad spend in support of her by the Club for Growth",
193
+ "refs": []
194
+ },
195
+ {
196
+ "sentence": "Her late surge prompted a change in tactics from the two frontrunners, who had largely ignored her as irrelevant until then",
197
+ "refs": []
198
+ },
199
+ {
200
+ "sentence": "Pro-Oz Super PAC American Leadership Action launched an ad campaign accusing Barnette of supporting Black Lives Matter, while McCormick stated that Barnette was unelectable, citing her heavy loss in a U.S",
201
+ "refs": [
202
+ "https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/04/trump-endorses-dr-oz"
203
+ ]
204
+ },
205
+ {
206
+ "sentence": "House race the previous election cycle",
207
+ "refs": []
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "sentence": "Oz himself also accused Barnette of Islamophobia, pointing to a 2015 tweet in which she stated, \"Pedophilia is a Cornerstone of Islam.\"",
211
+ "refs": [
212
+ "https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/04/trump-endorses-dr-oz",
213
+ "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/12/gop-launches-operation-stop-barnette-00032303"
214
+ ]
215
+ }
216
+ ],
217
+ "subsections": []
218
+ }
219
+ ]
220
+ },
221
+ {
222
+ "section_title": "Candidates",
223
+ "section_content": [],
224
+ "subsections": [
225
+ {
226
+ "section_title": "Nominees",
227
+ "section_content": [],
228
+ "subsections": []
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "section_title": "Eliminated in primary",
232
+ "section_content": [],
233
+ "subsections": []
234
+ },
235
+ {
236
+ "section_title": "Disqualified",
237
+ "section_content": [],
238
+ "subsections": []
239
+ },
240
+ {
241
+ "section_title": "Withdrew",
242
+ "section_content": [],
243
+ "subsections": []
244
+ },
245
+ {
246
+ "section_title": "Declined",
247
+ "section_content": [],
248
+ "subsections": []
249
+ }
250
+ ]
251
+ },
252
+ {
253
+ "section_title": "Debates and forums",
254
+ "section_content": [],
255
+ "subsections": []
256
+ },
257
+ {
258
+ "section_title": "Endorsements",
259
+ "section_content": [],
260
+ "subsections": []
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "section_title": "Polling",
264
+ "section_content": [],
265
+ "subsections": []
266
+ },
267
+ {
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+ "section_title": "Results",
269
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
271
+ "sentence": "Fetterman won the election by 4.9 percentage points, and was declared the winner in the early hours of November 9",
272
+ "refs": []
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+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "sentence": "The early victory came as a shock to many pundits, as the race was expected to take several days to project a winner",
276
+ "refs": []
277
+ },
278
+ {
279
+ "sentence": "Oz underperformed former Republican president Donald Trump's performance in the 2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania by 3.7 percentage points, while overperforming Republican nominee Doug Mastriano in the concurrent gubernatorial race by 10 percentage points",
280
+ "refs": [
281
+ "https://www.mcall.com/news/elections/mc-nws-pa-oz-suburbs-20220910-4xhqwfgijvapfmqggtxxnnw65e-story.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
284
+ {
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+ "sentence": "As a result of this election, Democrats would be elected to both U.S",
286
+ "refs": []
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+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "sentence": "Senate seats from Pennsylvania for the first time since 1947, and from this seat since 1962",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "[bn] According to Ron Brownstein of CNN in 2023, Fetterman won independent voters by double-digit margins, which contributed to Oz's defeat",
294
+ "refs": []
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+ }
296
+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
300
+ },
301
+ {
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+ "section_title": "Democratic primary",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Campaign",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman's campaign framed Oz as a wealthy outsider who lived outside of Pennsylvania before 2020, including by airing ads that note his past residency in New Jersey",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman also flew banners and published social media posts described by The Hill and The Washington Post as \"trolling\" his opponent",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In one post, Fetterman started a petition to get Oz inducted to the New Jersey Hall of Fame",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In response to the carpetbagging criticisms, Oz said during the primary debate that Pennsylvanians \"care much more about what I stand for than where I'm from\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://twitter.com/PHLDems/status/1503927980812288000"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "Oz's campaign criticized Fetterman for being inactive since he suffered a stroke in May and made an issue of Fetterman's health",
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "In September, Oz published his medical records, which prompted Fetterman to state he was medically cleared to serve in the Senate",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-votevets-endorsement-pennsylvania-senate-20210819.html",
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+ "https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/editorials/conor-lamb-us-senate-pennsylvania-2022-election-endorsement-20220508.html",
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+ "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/09/carville-promotes-new-super-pac-for-conor-lamb-00007218"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Oz's campaign also framed Fetterman as a socialist, highlighting his endorsement of Bernie Sanders in 2016",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-super-pac-2022-pennsylvania-senate-race-20220209.html",
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+ "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/tom-wolf-pennsylvania-2022-senate-race-endorsement-20210715.html",
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman countered that he has differences in policy proposals with Sanders in issues such as fracking",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman's refusal to debate Oz until late October was criticized by Oz's campaign",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman attributed the delay in debating to lingering issues from his stroke and his team criticized debate concessions from Oz's team for allegedly mocking Fetterman's stroke recovery",
356
+ "refs": [
357
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
358
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
359
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "A single debate was held on October 25",
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
365
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
366
+ ]
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+ "section_title": "Candidates",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Nominee",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Eliminated in primary",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ },
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Withdrew",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Debates",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Endorsements",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Polling",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Results",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman won the election by 4.9 percentage points, and was declared the winner in the early hours of November 9",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "The early victory came as a shock to many pundits, as the race was expected to take several days to project a winner",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Oz underperformed former Republican president Donald Trump's performance in the 2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania by 3.7 percentage points, while overperforming Republican nominee Doug Mastriano in the concurrent gubernatorial race by 10 percentage points",
430
+ "refs": [
431
+ "https://www.mcall.com/news/elections/mc-nws-pa-oz-suburbs-20220910-4xhqwfgijvapfmqggtxxnnw65e-story.html"
432
+ ]
433
+ },
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+ {
435
+ "sentence": "As a result of this election, Democrats would be elected to both U.S",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Senate seats from Pennsylvania for the first time since 1947, and from this seat since 1962",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
443
+ "sentence": "[bn] According to Ron Brownstein of CNN in 2023, Fetterman won independent voters by double-digit margins, which contributed to Oz's defeat",
444
+ "refs": []
445
+ }
446
+ ],
447
+ "subsections": []
448
+ }
449
+ ]
450
+ },
451
+ {
452
+ "section_title": "Libertarian convention",
453
+ "section_content": [
454
+ {
455
+ "sentence": "The Libertarian Party nominee qualified for the general election ballot on August 1",
456
+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Candidates",
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465
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+ "section_title": "Withdrew",
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+ }
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476
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Green convention",
480
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+ {
482
+ "sentence": "The Green Party nominee qualified for the general election ballot on August 1",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Candidates",
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
501
+ "section_title": "Independents and other parties",
502
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+ {
505
+ "section_title": "Candidates",
506
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Qualified for ballot",
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+ },
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+ {
514
+ "section_title": "Declared write-in",
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Withdrew",
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+ }
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+ },
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+ {
528
+ "section_title": "General election",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Campaign",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman's campaign framed Oz as a wealthy outsider who lived outside of Pennsylvania before 2020, including by airing ads that note his past residency in New Jersey",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman also flew banners and published social media posts described by The Hill and The Washington Post as \"trolling\" his opponent",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
543
+ "sentence": "In one post, Fetterman started a petition to get Oz inducted to the New Jersey Hall of Fame",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In response to the carpetbagging criticisms, Oz said during the primary debate that Pennsylvanians \"care much more about what I stand for than where I'm from\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/conor-lamb-votevets-endorsement-pennsylvania-senate-20210819.html",
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+ "https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/editorials/conor-lamb-us-senate-pennsylvania-2022-election-endorsement-20220508.html",
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+ "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/02/09/carville-promotes-new-super-pac-for-conor-lamb-00007218"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/tom-wolf-pennsylvania-2022-senate-race-endorsement-20210715.html",
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman countered that he has differences in policy proposals with Sanders in issues such as fracking",
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman's refusal to debate Oz until late October was criticized by Oz's campaign",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "sentence": "Fetterman attributed the delay in debating to lingering issues from his stroke and his team criticized debate concessions from Oz's team for allegedly mocking Fetterman's stroke recovery",
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+ "refs": [
583
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
584
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
585
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
588
+ "sentence": "A single debate was held on October 25",
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+ "refs": [
590
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
591
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
592
+ ]
593
+ }
594
+ ],
595
+ "subsections": [
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+ {
597
+ "section_title": "Crudit\u00e9s video",
598
+ "section_content": [
599
+ {
600
+ "sentence": "On August 15, 2022, an April 2022 campaign video of Oz shopping in a Redner's Warehouse supermarket went viral",
601
+ "refs": []
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+ },
603
+ {
604
+ "sentence": "In the video, Oz says he is shopping for produce to make crudit\u00e9s and attributes the allegedly high prices to Democratic president Joe Biden.",
605
+ "refs": [
606
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
607
+ ]
608
+ },
609
+ {
610
+ "sentence": "The video was widely ridiculed on social media and was the subject of several news articles",
611
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
614
+ "sentence": "Most observers focused on Oz's usage of the French term \"crudit\u00e9s\", his choice of items, and several factual errors; Fetterman himself replied saying that Pennsylvanians refer to crudit\u00e9s as \"veggie trays\"",
615
+ "refs": []
616
+ },
617
+ {
618
+ "sentence": "Oz's choice of a raw head of broccoli, asparagus, and multiple pounds of carrots, with guacamole and salsa, was described as \"bizarre\" by many",
619
+ "refs": [
620
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
621
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
622
+ ]
623
+ },
624
+ {
625
+ "sentence": "Others expressed confusion at Oz's statement that the $20 cost of the vegetables and dips \"doesn't even include the tequila\", as tequila is not a traditional accompaniment to crudit\u00e9s and liquor is not sold in grocery stores in Pennsylvania",
626
+ "refs": [
627
+ "https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/05/john-fetterman-wins-pennsylvania"
628
+ ]
629
+ },
630
+ {
631
+ "sentence": "Many observers noted Oz quoted the wrong price tag for the salsa and falsely suggested the broccoli was $2 per head when it was $2 per pound",
632
+ "refs": [
633
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
634
+ ]
635
+ },
636
+ {
637
+ "sentence": "The number of internet searches for crudit\u00e9s dramatically increased in the aftermath of the video's circulation",
638
+ "refs": []
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+ },
640
+ {
641
+ "sentence": "Oz appearing to confuse the Redner's and Wegmans supermarket chains led to the name \"Wegner's\" trending on Twitter and a parody Twitter account called \"Wegner's Groceries\" gaining popularity",
642
+ "refs": []
643
+ },
644
+ {
645
+ "sentence": "The Fetterman campaign sought to capitalize on the video by introducing merchandise referencing it",
646
+ "refs": [
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ ]
649
+ },
650
+ {
651
+ "sentence": "When asked if the video made him unrelatable to voters, Oz emphasized he helped others throughout his career and would continue to help if elected",
652
+ "refs": [
653
+ "https://www.witf.org/2022/08/01/third-party-candidates-file-to-run-for-pa-governor-senate/"
654
+ ]
655
+ }
656
+ ],
657
+ "subsections": []
658
+ },
659
+ {
660
+ "section_title": "Debate",
661
+ "section_content": [
662
+ {
663
+ "sentence": "In the October 25 debate, a special arrangement of transcription monitors was put in place to assist Fetterman with his auditory processing issue",
664
+ "refs": []
665
+ },
666
+ {
667
+ "sentence": "According to the Associated Press, Fetterman \"struggled at times to explain his positions and often spoke haltingly\", with Fetterman facing issues completing sentences and frequently pausing after questions were asked",
668
+ "refs": []
669
+ },
670
+ {
671
+ "sentence": "Oz was described as being \"more at home on the debate stage\" and presented himself as a moderate Republican, and did not reference Fetterman's health condition",
672
+ "refs": []
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+ },
674
+ {
675
+ "sentence": "Independent health experts said that Fetterman was recovering \"remarkably well\"",
676
+ "refs": []
677
+ },
678
+ {
679
+ "sentence": "Fetterman particularly struggled answering a question regarding his previous opposition to fracking by stating he always supported fracking, while Oz answered a question on abortion by saying that the federal government should have no role in states' abortion decisions, instead leaving abortion decisions to \"women, doctors, [and] local political leaders\"",
680
+ "refs": [
681
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220528085612/https://www.oleantimesherald.com/news/nation/libertarian-party-introduces-lineup-of-candidates-for-2022/article_252e93ca-793b-51da-ac72-fdd06ab1bb4c.html"
682
+ ]
683
+ },
684
+ {
685
+ "sentence": "According to Politico and The Guardian, Fetterman \"struggled\" during the debate, and some Democrats questioned why he chose to debate at all",
686
+ "refs": []
687
+ },
688
+ {
689
+ "sentence": "After the debate, the Fetterman campaign claimed that the closed captioning system provided by Nexstar Media Group gave incorrect and slow captions",
690
+ "refs": [
691
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220130211716/https://www.facebook.com/ScheetzForSenate/",
692
+ "https://www.cityandstatepa.com/politics/2022/05/green-party-candidates-are-seeking-spots-ballot-governor-lieutenant-governor-and-us-senator/366708/"
693
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Nexstar denied the claims, arguing the captioning \"worked as expected\" and that the Fetterman team had had the opportunity for two rehearsals with the equipment and opted to only do one",
697
+ "refs": []
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+ }
699
+ ],
700
+ "subsections": []
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+ }
702
+ ]
703
+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Predictions",
706
+ "section_content": [],
707
+ "subsections": []
708
+ },
709
+ {
710
+ "section_title": "Debates",
711
+ "section_content": [],
712
+ "subsections": []
713
+ },
714
+ {
715
+ "section_title": "Endorsements",
716
+ "section_content": [],
717
+ "subsections": []
718
+ },
719
+ {
720
+ "section_title": "Polling",
721
+ "section_content": [],
722
+ "subsections": []
723
+ },
724
+ {
725
+ "section_title": "Results",
726
+ "section_content": [
727
+ {
728
+ "sentence": "Fetterman won the election by 4.9 percentage points, and was declared the winner in the early hours of November 9",
729
+ "refs": []
730
+ },
731
+ {
732
+ "sentence": "The early victory came as a shock to many pundits, as the race was expected to take several days to project a winner",
733
+ "refs": []
734
+ },
735
+ {
736
+ "sentence": "Oz underperformed former Republican president Donald Trump's performance in the 2020 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania by 3.7 percentage points, while overperforming Republican nominee Doug Mastriano in the concurrent gubernatorial race by 10 percentage points",
737
+ "refs": [
738
+ "https://www.mcall.com/news/elections/mc-nws-pa-oz-suburbs-20220910-4xhqwfgijvapfmqggtxxnnw65e-story.html"
739
+ ]
740
+ },
741
+ {
742
+ "sentence": "As a result of this election, Democrats would be elected to both U.S",
743
+ "refs": []
744
+ },
745
+ {
746
+ "sentence": "Senate seats from Pennsylvania for the first time since 1947, and from this seat since 1962",
747
+ "refs": []
748
+ },
749
+ {
750
+ "sentence": "[bn] According to Ron Brownstein of CNN in 2023, Fetterman won independent voters by double-digit margins, which contributed to Oz's defeat",
751
+ "refs": []
752
+ }
753
+ ],
754
+ "subsections": []
755
+ },
756
+ {
757
+ "section_title": "By congressional district",
758
+ "section_content": [
759
+ {
760
+ "sentence": "Fetterman won 10 of 17 congressional districts, including one that elected a Republican",
761
+ "refs": []
762
+ }
763
+ ],
764
+ "subsections": []
765
+ }
766
+ ]
767
+ },
768
+ {
769
+ "section_title": "Voter demographics",
770
+ "section_content": [
771
+ {
772
+ "sentence": "Voter demographic data for 2022 was collected by CNN",
773
+ "refs": []
774
+ },
775
+ {
776
+ "sentence": "The voter survey is based on exit polls completed by 2,660 voters in person as well as by phone",
777
+ "refs": []
778
+ }
779
+ ],
780
+ "subsections": []
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "section_title": "See also",
784
+ "section_content": [],
785
+ "subsections": []
786
+ },
787
+ {
788
+ "section_title": "Notes",
789
+ "section_content": [],
790
+ "subsections": []
791
+ },
792
+ {
793
+ "section_title": "References",
794
+ "section_content": [],
795
+ "subsections": []
796
+ },
797
+ {
798
+ "section_title": "External links",
799
+ "section_content": [
800
+ {
801
+ "sentence": "2022 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania at Ballotpedia",
802
+ "refs": []
803
+ }
804
+ ],
805
+ "subsections": []
806
+ }
807
+ ],
808
+ "references": {
809
+ "9": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "1": "https://apnews.com/article/pennsylvania-senate-race-2022-midterm-elections-93709b5b7ab4cef658f45751cd76c090",
889
+ "2": "https://www.cnn.com/election/2022/results/pennsylvania/democratic-primaries/senate",
890
+ "3": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/03/politics/dave-mccormick-concedes-mehmet-oz-pennsylvania-senate-republican-primary/index.html",
891
+ "4": "https://religionnews.com/2021/12/02/celebrity-surgeon-dr-oz-seeks-to-be-first-muslim-elected-to-the-u-s-senate/",
892
+ "5": "https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/11/john-fetterman-wins-pennsylvania-senate-race",
893
+ "6": "https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/3716038-oz-passes-fetterman-for-first-time-in-post-debate-pennsylvania-poll/",
894
+ "7": "https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2022-election-forecast/senate/pennsylvania/",
895
+ "8": "https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2022/senate/elections-map-rcp-projection.html",
896
+ "10": "https://edition.cnn.com/2020/10/05/politics/pat-toomey-announcement-not-running-senate-pennsylvania/index.html",
897
+ "11": "https://www.foxnews.com/politics/bartos-fundraising-parnell-3rd-quarter-pennsylvania",
898
+ "12": "https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/sean-parnell-trump-fundraiser-1253942/",
899
+ "13": "https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2021/11/09/a-trump-backed-senate-hopeful-takes-the-stand-495028",
900
+ "14": "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/22/parnell-to-suspend-pennsylvania-senate-campaign-523195",
901
+ "15": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/11/30/dr-mehmet-oz-announces-senate-run/",
902
+ "16": "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/11/30/dr-oz-announces-senate-bid-523530",
903
+ "17": "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/01/11/david-mccormick-senate-campaign-trump-526870",
904
+ "18": "https://whyy.org/articles/millions-pouring-into-pa-governor-and-u-s-senate-races-with-fetterman-and-oz-ahead/",
905
+ "19": "https://www.cityandstatepa.com/content/white-bartos-win-gop-straw-polls-governor-senate-respectively",
906
+ "20": "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/01/25/dr-oz-senate-race-stumbles-00002056",
907
+ "21": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/25/us/politics/mehmet-oz-dave-mccormick-senate.html",
908
+ "22": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/18/us/politics/dr-oz-trump-mccormick-senators-race.html",
909
+ "23": "https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/598515-oz-says-he-will-renounce-turkish-citizenship-if-elected-to-senate",
910
+ "24": "https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2022/04/trump-endorses-dr-oz",
911
+ "25": "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/12/gop-launches-operation-stop-barnette-00032303",
912
+ "26": "https://thehill.com/news/campaign/3488709-reprehensible-oz-condemns-gop-opponents-tweet-on-islam/",
913
+ "27": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/dr-oz-joins-pa-senate-race-20211130.html",
914
+ "28": "https://www.penncapital-star.com/government-politics/an-early-guide-to-pennsylvanias-2022-senate-and-governors-primary-election/",
915
+ "29": "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/kathy-barnette-momentum-pa-senate-2022-20220511.html",
916
+ "30": "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/jeff-bartos-2022-pennsylvania-republican-senate-race-20210308.html",
917
+ "31": "https://apnews.com/article/pennsylvania-philadelphia-senate-elections-congress-6f7ddbb6945ea92a1c6195eda246dd26",
918
+ "32": "https://www.cityandstatepa.com/content/philly-attorney-george-bochetto-launches-us-senate-bid",
919
+ "33": "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/joe-gale-2022-pennsylvania-governor-race-20210216.html",
920
+ "34": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210525183313/https://www.pennlive.com/news/2021/02/two-gales-joe-and-sean-jump-into-pennsylvanias-2022-political-fray.html",
921
+ "35": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/david-mccormick-running-for-pa-senate-2022-20220113.html",
922
+ "36": "https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2021/01/12/lt-gov-john-fetterman-raises-500k-senate-run/",
923
+ "37": "https://www.abc27.com/news/this-week-in-pennsylvania/pennsylvania-politics/cumberland-valley-graduate-carla-sands-hopes-to-become-pa-s-first-woman-u-s-senator/",
924
+ "38": "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2PA00323/",
925
+ "39": "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2PA00646/",
926
+ "40": "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2PA00471/?tab=about-candidate",
927
+ "41": "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2PA00513/?tab=about-candidate",
928
+ "42": "https://ronjohnsonforesenate.com/about",
929
+ "43": "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2PA00356/?tab=about-candidate",
930
+ "44": "https://www.fec.gov/data/committee/C00794552/",
931
+ "45": "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2PA00331/",
932
+ "46": "https://www.fec.gov/data/candidate/S2PA00570/",
933
+ "47": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210204013938/https://www.inquirer.com/politics/pennsylvania/craig-snyder-2022-pennsylvania-senate-race-20210203.html",
934
+ "48": "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/pennsylvania/craig-snyder-pennsylvania-senate-republican-party-2022-20210728.html",
935
+ "49": "https://apnews.com/article/elections-pennsylvania-philadelphia-senate-elections-election-2020-d679ecc5228bd9848f2a0a93021a014e",
936
+ "50": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/everett-stern-famed-whistleblower-announces-run-for-united-states-senate-301227772.html",
937
+ "51": "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/01/29/trump-navy-secretary-pennsylvania-senate-463848",
938
+ "52": "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/02/08/fetterman-senate-pennsylvania-466932",
939
+ "53": "https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-politics-trump-republicans-insigh/eyeing-2022-elections-republicans-jockey-for-trumps-blessing-idUSKBN2BA11Q",
940
+ "54": "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/election/pat-toomey-retirement-pennsylvania-2022-elections-20201005.html",
941
+ "55": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/pa-2022-senate-race-republicans-oz-mccormick-parnell-20211123.html",
942
+ "56": "https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/elections/former-gop-rep-keith-rothfus-considering-jumping-pennsylvania-senate-race-n1285122",
943
+ "57": "https://pittsburgh.cbslocal.com/2021/02/06/cmu-professor-considering-run-for-u-s-senate/",
944
+ "58": "https://www.inquirer.com/politics/pennsylvania/pat-toomey-reelection-pennsylvania-governor-race-20201004.html",
945
+ "59": "https://heavy.com/news/donald-trump-jr-pennsylvania-senate-run/",
946
+ "60": "https://twitter.com/DonaldJTrumpJr/status/1356367831571554306",
947
+ "61": "https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2021/05/11/parnell-announces-candidacy-pennsylvania-senate-seat/5048032001/",
948
+ "62": "https://www.inquirer.com/news/a/pennsylvania-voter-fraud-audit-kathy-barnette-20210726.html",
949
+ "63": "https://www.politicspa.com/barnette-former-pa4-nominee-and-conservative-commentator-announces-2022-u-s-senate-bid/97858/",
950
+ "64": "https://www.cityandstatepa.com/politics/2022/04/here-are-endorsements-pennsylvania-us-senate-race/364274/",
951
+ "65": "https://www.businessinsider.com/freedom-caucus-scott-perry-kathy-barnette-pennsylvania-senate-january-6-2022-5?amp",
952
+ "66": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/11/us/politics/kathy-barnette-pennsylvania-senate.html",
953
+ "67": "https://pennsylvania.gunowners.org/goa-endorses-kathy-barnette-for-us-senate/",
954
+ "68": "https://rnha.org/the-rnha-endorses-kathy-barnette-for-u-s-senate-pa/",
955
+ "69": "https://www.sba-list.org/home/sba-lists-candidate-fund-pac-endorses-kathy-barnette-for-senate-in-pennsylvania",
956
+ "70": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220725143503/https://news.gab.com/2022/05/12/gabs-pa-primary-endorsements/",
957
+ "71": "https://www.foxnews.com/politics/brewer-trump-endorsement-dr-oz-wrong-kathy-barnette",
958
+ "72": "https://www.wkok.com/gop-us-senate-candidate-jeff-bartos-visiting-valley/",
959
+ "73": "https://twitter.com/JonathanTamari/status/1513595578361516036",
960
+ "74": "https://www.politicspa.com/garrity-backs-bartos-for-u-s-senate/97954/",
961
+ "75": "https://www.politicspa.com/kelly-and-reschenthaler-endorse-parnell-for-senate/98141/",
962
+ "76": "https://web.archive.org/web/20211123224749/https://jeffbartos.com/growing-group-of-gop-leaders-urge-parnell-to-run-for-house/",
963
+ "77": "https://www.politicspa.com/wagner-backs-bartos-for-senate/98810/",
964
+ "78": "https://butlerradio.com/local-lawmaker-takes-leadership-role-in-campaign-efforts-for-candidate-bartos//",
965
+ "79": "https://delawarevalleyjournal.com/podcast-bartos-talks-senate-race-update-on-ben-jerrys-boycott/",
966
+ "80": "https://www.transparencyusa.org/pa/pac/bartos-for-pennsylvania-pac-20170353/donors?cycle=2018-election-cycle",
967
+ "81": "https://hbg100.com/2021/12/09/roger-stone-endorses-bobby-jeffries-for-u-s-senate-in-pa/",
968
+ "82": "https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2022/01/25/schumer-strategy-leaves-some-dems-seething-00001704",
969
+ "83": "https://www.reuters.com/world/us/pompeo-backs-pennsylvania-republican-mccormick-key-us-senate-race-2022-02-08/",
970
+ "84": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLSIKVrE0Bg",
971
+ "85": "https://world-wire.com/ted-cruz-dave-mccormick-campaign-rally-speakers/",
972
+ "86": "https://www.axios.com/ick-santorum-endorses-dave-mccormick-pennsylvania-senate-race-a46bc3ac-b8d0-418e-b80d-f1f475c2b794.html",
973
+ "87": "https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/598515-oz-says-he-will-renounce-turkish-citizenship-if-elected-to-senate",
974
+ "88": "https://www.politico.com/news/2021/12/01/david-mccormick-pennsylvania-senate-bid-523623",
975
+ "89": "https://www.politico.com/news/2022/04/13/trump-oz-endorsement-fallout-00025209",
976
+ "90": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/wall-street-titans-support-one-of-their-own-david-mccormick-in-senate-bid-11642726061",
977
+ "91": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-hugh-hewitt-show-highly-concentrated/id1517313007?i=1000560777168",
978
+ "92": "https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-endorses-oz-us-senate-pennsylvania",
979
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2022_Welsh_Open_(snooker)",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Welsh_Open_(snooker)",
4
+ "summary": "The 2022 Welsh Open (officially the 2022 BetVictor Welsh Open) was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 28 February to 6 March 2022 at the International Convention Centre Wales at the Celtic Manor Resort in Newport, Wales. It was the 12th ranking event of the 2021\u201322 snooker season, and the 31st edition of the Welsh Open, first held in 1992. It was the seventh of eight tournaments in the season's European Series, and the fourth and final event of the Home Nations Series. The tournament was broadcast by BBC Cymru Wales, BBC Online, BBC Red Button, Quest and Eurosport domestically.\nJordan Brown was the defending champion, having defeated Ronnie O'Sullivan 9\u20138 in the final of the 2021 event. However, Brown lost 3\u20134 in his held-over qualifying match against Mitchell Mann. Joe Perry defeated Judd Trump 9\u20135 in the final to capture his first Welsh Open title and the second ranking title of his career. Aged 47 years and 205 days, Perry became the oldest player to win a ranking tournament since Ray Reardon, who was 50 years and 14 days old when he won the 1982 Professional Players Tournament. However, Mark Williams surpassed Perry the following season by winning the 2023 British Open aged 48 years and 194 days. There were 52 century breaks made during the main venue stage of the event; the highest was a 142, made by Michael White in the second round.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Format",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "The Welsh Open began as a ranking tournament in 1992, when it was held at the Newport Centre in Newport",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "The 2022 tournament, the 31st edition, took place at the International Convention Centre Wales at the Celtic Manor Resort in Newport, Wales, between 28\u00a0February and 6\u00a0March",
15
+ "refs": [
16
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20120216155616/http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/welshopen.html",
17
+ "https://wst.tv/tournaments/welsh-open/"
18
+ ]
19
+ },
20
+ {
21
+ "sentence": "Organised by the World Snooker Tour, it was the 12th ranking tournament of the 2021\u201322 snooker season, following the European Masters and preceding the Turkish Masters",
22
+ "refs": [
23
+ "https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/?year=2022&month=2"
24
+ ]
25
+ },
26
+ {
27
+ "sentence": "It was the seventh of eight events in the European Series and the fourth and final event of the Home Nations Series",
28
+ "refs": [
29
+ "https://wst.tv/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Click-here-for-the-2021-22-calendar.pdf",
30
+ "http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?season=2021&template=2&tour=all"
31
+ ]
32
+ },
33
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The defending Welsh Open champion was Jordan Brown, who won the 2021 final with a 9\u20138 victory over Ronnie O'Sullivan",
35
+ "refs": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "sentence": "For the 2022 event, all matches were the best of seven frames until the quarter-finals, which were the best of nine; the semi-finals were the best of 11",
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+ "refs": [
40
+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/56142654"
41
+ ]
42
+ },
43
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The final was played over two sessions, as the best of 17 frames",
45
+ "refs": [
46
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220224163003/https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/Draw/Tournament/14510/0/betvictor-welsh-open-2022"
47
+ ]
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "sentence": "The event was sponsored by sports betting company BetVictor, and broadcast locally by BBC Cymru Wales",
51
+ "refs": [
52
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220224163003/https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/Draw/Tournament/14510/0/betvictor-welsh-open-2022"
53
+ ]
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "sentence": "It was broadcast by BBC Online, BBC Red Button, and Quest in the United Kingdom; Eurosport in Europe; CCTV5, Youku, Zhibo.tv and Migu in China; Now TV in Hong Kong; True Sport in Thailand; Sky Sports in New Zealand; DAZN in Canada; and Astrosport in Malaysia",
57
+ "refs": []
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "sentence": "In all other locations it was broadcast by Matchroom Sport",
61
+ "refs": []
62
+ }
63
+ ],
64
+ "subsections": [
65
+ {
66
+ "section_title": "Prize fund",
67
+ "section_content": [
68
+ {
69
+ "sentence": "The event's total prize fund was \u00a3405,000, with the winner receiving \u00a370,000",
70
+ "refs": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "sentence": "The player accumulating the highest amount of prize money over the eight European Series events received a bonus of \u00a3150,000",
74
+ "refs": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "sentence": "The breakdown of prize money is shown below:",
78
+ "refs": [
79
+ "https://wst.tv/betvictor-series-tight-at-the-top/",
80
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220302191211/https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/PrizeMoney/Tournament/14510/betvictor-welsh-open-2022",
81
+ "https://www.livesnooker.com/major-ranking-events/welsh-open-snooker/welsh-open-2022-schedule/"
82
+ ]
83
+ }
84
+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
88
+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Summary",
91
+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
93
+ {
94
+ "section_title": "Early rounds",
95
+ "section_content": [
96
+ {
97
+ "sentence": "\"Held-over\" qualifying matches (matches played at the main venue, rather than a qualifying arena) and rounds of 64 and 32 were played from 28 February to 3 March",
98
+ "refs": []
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "sentence": "The defending champion Brown's best performance during the 2021\u201322 season had been a last-16 appearance in the 2021 UK Championship",
102
+ "refs": [
103
+ "http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?template=22&event=1134"
104
+ ]
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "sentence": "He took a 2\u20131 lead in his held-over qualifying match against Mitchell Mann, helped by a break of 124 in the third frame, and went on to lead 3\u20132",
108
+ "refs": [
109
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60557230"
110
+ ]
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "sentence": "However, Mann won the last two frames to defeat Brown 4\u20133",
114
+ "refs": []
115
+ },
116
+ {
117
+ "sentence": "Anthony McGill, the 16th seed, lost his held-over qualifying match 3\u20134 to Zhang Anda, while 13th seed Stephen Maguire, who had yet to win a match in 2022, lost 1\u20134 to Fergal O'Brien",
118
+ "refs": [
119
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60557230",
120
+ "https://www.rte.ie/sport/snooker/2022/0228/1283596-champion-brown-out-at-welsh-open-as-allen-beats-doherty/"
121
+ ]
122
+ },
123
+ {
124
+ "sentence": "O'Sullivan's held-over qualifying match against James Cahill was rescheduled from 28 February to 1 March, due to O'Sullivan's involvement in the European Masters final on 27 February",
125
+ "refs": [
126
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-shaun-murphy-through-to-second-round-stephen-maguires-poor-form-continues_sto8821846/story.shtml"
127
+ ]
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "sentence": "O'Sullivan won the match against Cahill 4\u20130 in 43 minutes",
131
+ "refs": [
132
+ "https://wst.tv/osulivan-first-round-match-rescheduled/"
133
+ ]
134
+ },
135
+ {
136
+ "sentence": "Three-time World Women's Snooker Championship winner Ng On-yee had defeated Wu Yize 4\u20132 in the qualifying round, her first professional victory since gaining a place on the World Snooker Tour at the beginning of the season",
137
+ "refs": []
138
+ },
139
+ {
140
+ "sentence": "She lost 1\u20134 to Ali Carter in the last 64, but was the first woman to compete in the Welsh Open beyond the qualifying stages, and posted on social media that she was \"pleased and proud\" of her performance",
141
+ "refs": [
142
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60457538",
143
+ "https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/ronnie-osullivan-races-past-james-cahill-to-reach-welsh-open-second-round-after-european-masters-fin_sto8822939/story.shtml",
144
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60561935"
145
+ ]
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "sentence": "Ninth seed Zhao Xintong, 10th seed Mark Williams, and 15th seed Stuart Bingham also exited in the round of 64, all losing in deciding frames to Jak Jones, Kurt Maflin, and Elliot Slessor respectively",
149
+ "refs": [
150
+ "https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/section/4/239426/Snooker-queen-falls-short-in-Welsh-Open"
151
+ ]
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "sentence": "O'Sullivan fell 1\u20132 behind against Lukas Kleckers, but then rallied to win three frames in a row, defeating Kleckers 4\u20132",
155
+ "refs": []
156
+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "sentence": "In the final match of the round of 64, reigning world champion and second seed Mark Selby faced Liam Highfield",
159
+ "refs": [
160
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-ronnie-osullivan-works-hard-for-win-over-lukas-kleckers-to-set-up-ding-junhui-clash_sto8824097/story.shtml"
161
+ ]
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+ },
163
+ {
164
+ "sentence": "After losing the first two frames, Selby won three in a row before Highfield took the match to a decider with a 74 break",
165
+ "refs": []
166
+ },
167
+ {
168
+ "sentence": "Selby led in the decider after a break of 40, but then failed to escape from a snooker and left a free ball, allowing Highfield to make a 92 clearance and win 4\u20133",
169
+ "refs": []
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "sentence": "In the round of 32, Carter made breaks of 141, 50, 51, 87 and 81 in his 4\u20132 defeat of seventh seed John Higgins, who had reached every other Home Nations final that season",
173
+ "refs": []
174
+ },
175
+ {
176
+ "sentence": "Fifth seed Neil Robertson won his first frame against Graeme Dott after the referee Andy Yates failed to notice that he had played a foul shot while bridging over the pack with the swan rest; Robertson himself was at the other end of the table and unable to see the shot",
177
+ "refs": [
178
+ "https://wst.tv/higgins-storms-to-final/",
179
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60572639"
180
+ ]
181
+ },
182
+ {
183
+ "sentence": "Robertson then made breaks of 102, 75, and 52 to complete a 4\u20131 victory",
184
+ "refs": [
185
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-2022-that-is-a-shocker-from-the-referee-neil-robertson-on-the-foul-that-never-was-against_sto8824914/story.shtml"
186
+ ]
187
+ },
188
+ {
189
+ "sentence": "Fourth seed Judd Trump defeated Si Jiahui 4\u20132 after coming from behind to win both the fifth and sixth frames",
190
+ "refs": [
191
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-snooker-neil-robertson-beats-graeme-dott-to-make-last-32-matthew-stevens-advances_sto8824533/story.shtml"
192
+ ]
193
+ },
194
+ {
195
+ "sentence": "Eleventh seed Mark Allen exited the tournament when he lost a late-night deciding frame to Joe Perry",
196
+ "refs": [
197
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-snooker-neil-robertson-beats-graeme-dott-to-make-last-32-matthew-stevens-advances_sto8824533/story.shtml"
198
+ ]
199
+ },
200
+ {
201
+ "sentence": "Ding Junhui won the first frame of his last-32 match against O'Sullivan with a 72 break",
202
+ "refs": []
203
+ },
204
+ {
205
+ "sentence": "O'Sullivan responded with an 85 break to take the second, but Ding won the third with breaks of 65 and 59",
206
+ "refs": []
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "O'Sullivan came from behind in the fourth to produce a frame-winning clearance, won the fifth after potting a difficult yellow ball, and won the match 4\u20132 after Ding missed a pot on the black ball in the sixth frame",
210
+ "refs": []
211
+ },
212
+ {
213
+ "sentence": "It was O'Sullivan's 19th win against Ding in their 23 meetings",
214
+ "refs": []
215
+ },
216
+ {
217
+ "sentence": "Ricky Walden defeated 14th seed Yan Bingtao 4\u20132 to set up a last-16 meeting with O'Sullivan, while Ryan Day made breaks of 71, 78, 53, and 82 on his way to a 4\u20130 whitewash over eighth seed Shaun Murphy",
218
+ "refs": [
219
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-ronnie-osullivan-fights-hard-to-extend-fine-record-against-ding-junhui_sto8825536/story.shtml"
220
+ ]
221
+ },
222
+ {
223
+ "sentence": "Matthew Selt took a 3\u20131 lead against sixth seed Kyren Wilson, but Wilson won the last three frames, defeating Selt 4\u20133",
224
+ "refs": [
225
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-ronnie-osullivan-fights-hard-to-extend-fine-record-against-ding-junhui_sto8825536/story.shtml",
226
+ "https://wst.tv/rocket-downs-dragon-in-wales/"
227
+ ]
228
+ },
229
+ {
230
+ "sentence": "Twelfth seed Barry Hawkins lost in a deciding frame to Ben Woollaston",
231
+ "refs": [
232
+ "https://www.rte.ie/sport/snooker/2022/0303/1284284-osullivan-too-strong-for-ding-in-wales/"
233
+ ]
234
+ }
235
+ ],
236
+ "subsections": []
237
+ },
238
+ {
239
+ "section_title": "Last 16",
240
+ "section_content": [
241
+ {
242
+ "sentence": "All last-16 matches took place on the evening of 3 March",
243
+ "refs": []
244
+ },
245
+ {
246
+ "sentence": "Trump capitalised on errors from his opponent Jimmy Robertson to win the first two frames, making a century break in the second",
247
+ "refs": [
248
+ "http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?template=22&event=1134",
249
+ "https://wst.tv/rocket-downs-dragon-in-wales/"
250
+ ]
251
+ },
252
+ {
253
+ "sentence": "Robertson won the third frame and had an opportunity to win the fourth by potting a straightforward pink ball, but missed the shot, allowing Trump to go 3\u20131 ahead",
254
+ "refs": []
255
+ },
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "Trump closed out the match with his second century of the evening to win 4\u20131, the ninth time he had beaten Jimmy Robertson in ten encounters",
258
+ "refs": []
259
+ },
260
+ {
261
+ "sentence": "O'Sullivan lost the first frame against Walden, but won the second with a break of 76",
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+ "sentence": "Although O'Sullivan made a 55 break in the third frame, Walden won it by clearing to the black, and then made a total clearance of 136 in the fourth frame to go 3\u20131 ahead",
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+ "sentence": "Walden played more conservatively in the fifth frame, but O'Sullivan won the fifth and sixth frames with breaks of 88 and 85 to take the match to a deciding frame",
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+ "sentence": "However, Walden made an 83 break to win 4\u20133",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Carter won four frames in a row to defeat Scott Donaldson 4\u20132, Zhang beat Matthew Stevens by the same scoreline, and Hossein Vafaei defeated Day in a deciding frame",
280
+ "refs": []
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+ {
283
+ "sentence": "Perry defeated Wilson 4\u20131, Neil Robertson beat Woollaston by the same scoreline, and Jack Lisowski whitewashed amateur player Michael White 4\u20130",
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+ "refs": [
285
+ "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/snooker-results-ronnie-osullivan-crashes-out-of-welsh-open-after-losing-to-ricky-walden/198907"
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+ "sentence": "The losses by Stevens, Day, and White meant that no Welsh player advanced beyond the round of 16",
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+ "section_title": "Quarter-finals",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The quarter-finals were played on 4 March as the best of nine frames",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In the afternoon session, Carter played Lisowski while Neil Robertson faced Trump",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/welsh-open-snooker-draw-schedule-results-how-to-watch-on-tv/198716"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The first four frames between Carter and Lisowski were shared, but Carter won the fifth and sixth frames with breaks of 86 and 53 to lead 4\u20132",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "However, Carter did not score another point in the match",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Lisowski won a scrappy seventh frame before making an 82 break in the eighth and a total clearance of 135 in the decider to win the match 5\u20134 and reach his first ranking event semi-final of the season",
318
+ "refs": []
319
+ },
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+ {
321
+ "sentence": "\"It was probably one of my biggest buzzes since I\u2019ve been a pro",
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+ "refs": [
323
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+ "https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-jack-lisowski-fights-back-to-beat-ali-carter-and-book-place-in-semi-finals_sto8827020/story.shtml"
325
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Everything started going in, I can't even remember the break at the end,\" said Lisowski afterward",
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+ },
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+ {
332
+ "sentence": "O'Sullivan, working as a pundit for Eurosport, stated that Lisowski would win tournaments if he played similarly more often",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://wst.tv/lisowski-blitz-overhauls-carter/"
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+ ]
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+ "sentence": "Robertson required foul shots from his opponent in the third frame, but Trump repeatedly escaped each time Robertson laid a snooker and eventually snookered Robertson back; Robertson conceded the frame after he failed to escape",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "sentence": "Trump won the fourth frame with a break of 60 and won the fifth frame to lead 4\u20131",
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+ {
350
+ "sentence": "Robertson, however, won both the sixth and seventh frames and had an opportunity to draw level in the eighth, but missed an easy black, allowing Trump to win the match 5\u20133 and reach his first ranking semi-final of the season",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
354
+ "sentence": "Robertson stated afterward that the sudden death of Australian cricket player Shane Warne, a childhood idol, had left him in tears before the match and had affected his performance on the table: \"I couldn't concentrate, couldn't think properly, couldn't do anything.\"",
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+ "refs": [
356
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-judd-trump-battles-to-win-over-neil-robertson-to-book-semi-final-spot_sto8827279/story.shtml",
357
+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/60623213",
358
+ "https://snookerhq.com/2022/03/05/welsh-open-semi-finals-draw-preview-schedule/",
359
+ "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/snooker-results-judd-trump-beats-neil-robertson-at-welsh-open-jack-lisowski-stuns-ali-carter/198918",
360
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/hit-by-a-truck-neil-robertson-admits-performance-in-loss-to-judd-trump-impacted-by-death-of-shane-wa_sto8827366/story.shtml",
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+ "https://wst.tv/robertson-warne-news-hit-me-like-a-ton-of-bricks/"
362
+ ]
363
+ },
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+ {
365
+ "sentence": "In the evening, Zhang faced Vafaei and Walden played Perry",
366
+ "refs": []
367
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368
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369
+ "sentence": "Zhang made a century break in the opening frame and won three of the next four frames to lead 4\u20131",
370
+ "refs": []
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+ },
372
+ {
373
+ "sentence": "Vafaei, however, won four frames in a row with breaks of 68, 58, 63 and 96 to win the match 5\u20134 and reach the fifth ranking semi-final of his career",
374
+ "refs": []
375
+ },
376
+ {
377
+ "sentence": "\"It was unbelievable",
378
+ "refs": [
379
+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/60623213"
380
+ ]
381
+ },
382
+ {
383
+ "sentence": "This is one of the tastiest comebacks I\u2019ve ever had in my life,\" stated Vafaei afterward",
384
+ "refs": []
385
+ },
386
+ {
387
+ "sentence": "He added that winning the Shoot Out earlier in the season had given him the self-belief that he could win",
388
+ "refs": [
389
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390
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391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "sentence": "Walden made two breaks of 125, but only won two frames as Perry won the match 5\u20132 with breaks including a 118 and a 51 to reach his first ranking semi-final since 2019",
394
+ "refs": [
395
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396
+ ]
397
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398
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399
+ "sentence": "Perry cited a match he won over Lee Walker at the Turkish Masters qualifying event where he had played well as a catalyst for his change in form and increase in confidence",
400
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401
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402
+ "https://wst.tv/vafaei-stages-stunning-fightback/",
403
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-judd-trump-battles-to-win-over-neil-robertson-to-book-semi-final-spot_sto8827279/story.shtml"
404
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405
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406
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407
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408
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409
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410
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411
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The semi-finals were played on 5 March as the best of 11 frames",
414
+ "refs": []
415
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416
+ {
417
+ "sentence": "Facing Trump in the afternoon session, Vafaei started strongly, taking a 3\u20131 lead with breaks of 94 and 85, but Trump claimed the fifth and then won the sixth on the black to draw level at 3\u20133",
418
+ "refs": []
419
+ },
420
+ {
421
+ "sentence": "Vafaei moved two frames ahead again at 5\u20133, but Trump made breaks of 66 and 121 to force a deciding frame, which he won to defeat Vafaei 6\u20135",
422
+ "refs": []
423
+ },
424
+ {
425
+ "sentence": "Trump said that Vafaei would be \"disappointed\", that \"he was the better player and his safety was brilliant",
426
+ "refs": []
427
+ },
428
+ {
429
+ "sentence": "Every time I came to the table I seemed to be in trouble and his potting was better than mine.\"",
430
+ "refs": [
431
+ "https://wst.tv/trump-fightback-floors-vafaei/",
432
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
433
+ ]
434
+ },
435
+ {
436
+ "sentence": "The second semi-final between Perry and Lisowski also went to a deciding frame",
437
+ "refs": []
438
+ },
439
+ {
440
+ "sentence": "Perry won the first three frames and came close to winning the fourth, but he missed a straightforward pot, which let Lisowski win the frame and go to the interval trailing 1\u20133",
441
+ "refs": []
442
+ },
443
+ {
444
+ "sentence": "Lisowski's attempt at a maximum break in the fifth frame ended when he missed the ninth red after potting eight reds and eight blacks, but he won the frame, reducing Perry's lead to one",
445
+ "refs": []
446
+ },
447
+ {
448
+ "sentence": "Good safety play and a break of 68 gave Perry the sixth frame, Lisowski responded with a 69 to win the seventh, and Perry won the eighth to move one frame from victory at 5\u20133",
449
+ "refs": []
450
+ },
451
+ {
452
+ "sentence": "However, Lisowski took the ninth with a 71 break after Perry missed a black off the spot, and then made a 123 break in the tenth to take the match to a decider",
453
+ "refs": [
454
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
455
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456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "sentence": "Both players had opportunities, but Perry prevailed in a key safety exchange to win the frame and match",
459
+ "refs": []
460
+ },
461
+ {
462
+ "sentence": "It was Perry's 16th win in a final-frame decider at the Welsh Open, more than any other player in the history of the event",
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+ "refs": [
464
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
465
+ "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/snooker-results-judd-trump-into-welsh-open-final-after-beating-hossein-vafaei-6-5/198944"
466
+ ]
467
+ },
468
+ {
469
+ "sentence": "Perry stated afterward that he had been suffering from a bad headache during the match that at one point made it difficult to see the balls clearly, calling it \"the worst I've ever felt in a game of snooker.\"",
470
+ "refs": [
471
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
472
+ "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-joe-perry-s-revival-continues-with-win-over-jack-lisowski-to-reach-final_sto8829644/story.shtml",
473
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60632799",
474
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
475
+ ]
476
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477
+ ],
478
+ "subsections": []
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+ },
480
+ {
481
+ "section_title": "Final",
482
+ "section_content": [],
483
+ "subsections": []
484
+ }
485
+ ]
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "section_title": "Main draw",
489
+ "section_content": [
490
+ {
491
+ "sentence": "Below is the main draw for the event",
492
+ "refs": []
493
+ },
494
+ {
495
+ "sentence": "Numbers in brackets denote seeded players",
496
+ "refs": []
497
+ },
498
+ {
499
+ "sentence": "Players in bold denote match winners",
500
+ "refs": []
501
+ }
502
+ ],
503
+ "subsections": [
504
+ {
505
+ "section_title": "Top half",
506
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507
+ "subsections": []
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "section_title": "Bottom half",
511
+ "section_content": [],
512
+ "subsections": []
513
+ },
514
+ {
515
+ "section_title": "Final",
516
+ "section_content": [],
517
+ "subsections": []
518
+ }
519
+ ]
520
+ },
521
+ {
522
+ "section_title": "Qualifying",
523
+ "section_content": [
524
+ {
525
+ "sentence": "Qualification for the tournament took place from 15 to 20 February 2022 at Aldersley Leisure Village in Wolverhampton",
526
+ "refs": []
527
+ },
528
+ {
529
+ "sentence": "The matches involving the top 16 seeds and the two wild card players, Dylan Emery and Liam Davies, were held over and played at the main venue",
530
+ "refs": []
531
+ },
532
+ {
533
+ "sentence": "Sam Craigie withdrew and was replaced by James Cahill",
534
+ "refs": [
535
+ "https://wst.tv/betvictor-welsh-open-draw-2/"
536
+ ]
537
+ },
538
+ {
539
+ "sentence": "Numbers in brackets denote seeded players.",
540
+ "refs": [
541
+ "https://wst.tv/osulivan-first-round-match-rescheduled/"
542
+ ]
543
+ }
544
+ ],
545
+ "subsections": []
546
+ },
547
+ {
548
+ "section_title": "Century breaks",
549
+ "section_content": [],
550
+ "subsections": [
551
+ {
552
+ "section_title": "Main stage centuries",
553
+ "section_content": [
554
+ {
555
+ "sentence": "There were 58 century breaks made during the main stage of the tournament",
556
+ "refs": []
557
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558
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559
+ "subsections": []
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "section_title": "Qualifying stage centuries",
563
+ "section_content": [
564
+ {
565
+ "sentence": "A total of 22 century breaks were made during qualification",
566
+ "refs": []
567
+ }
568
+ ],
569
+ "subsections": []
570
+ }
571
+ ]
572
+ },
573
+ {
574
+ "section_title": "Notes",
575
+ "section_content": [],
576
+ "subsections": []
577
+ }
578
+ ],
579
+ "references": {
580
+ "74": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
581
+ "75": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
582
+ "1": "https://web.archive.org/web/20120216155616/http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/welshopen.html",
583
+ "2": "https://wst.tv/tournaments/welsh-open/",
584
+ "3": "https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/?year=2022&month=2",
585
+ "4": "https://wst.tv/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Click-here-for-the-2021-22-calendar.pdf",
586
+ "5": "http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?season=2021&template=2&tour=all",
587
+ "6": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/56142654",
588
+ "7": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220224163003/https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/Draw/Tournament/14510/0/betvictor-welsh-open-2022",
589
+ "8": "https://wst.tv/how-to-watch-the-betvictor-welsh-open-2/",
590
+ "9": "https://wst.tv/betvictor-series-tight-at-the-top/",
591
+ "10": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220302191211/https://livescores.worldsnookerdata.com/PrizeMoney/Tournament/14510/betvictor-welsh-open-2022",
592
+ "11": "https://www.livesnooker.com/major-ranking-events/welsh-open-snooker/welsh-open-2022-schedule/",
593
+ "12": "http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?template=22&event=1134",
594
+ "13": "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60557230",
595
+ "14": "https://www.rte.ie/sport/snooker/2022/0228/1283596-champion-brown-out-at-welsh-open-as-allen-beats-doherty/",
596
+ "15": "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-shaun-murphy-through-to-second-round-stephen-maguires-poor-form-continues_sto8821846/story.shtml",
597
+ "16": "https://wst.tv/osulivan-first-round-match-rescheduled/",
598
+ "17": "https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/ronnie-osullivan-races-past-james-cahill-to-reach-welsh-open-second-round-after-european-masters-fin_sto8822939/story.shtml",
599
+ "18": "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-ronnie-osullivan-works-hard-for-win-over-lukas-kleckers-to-set-up-ding-junhui-clash_sto8824097/story.shtml",
600
+ "19": "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60457538",
601
+ "20": "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60561935",
602
+ "21": "https://www.thestandard.com.hk/section-news/section/4/239426/Snooker-queen-falls-short-in-Welsh-Open",
603
+ "22": "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60572639",
604
+ "23": "https://wst.tv/maflin-downs-home-favourite-williams/",
605
+ "24": "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-snooker-live-ronnie-o-sullivan-and-mark-selby-headline-afternoon-session_sto8823815/story.shtml",
606
+ "25": "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-snooker-mark-selby-crashes-out-after-losing-final-frame-decider-with-liam-highfield_sto8824373/story.shtml",
607
+ "26": "https://wst.tv/higgins-storms-to-final/",
608
+ "27": "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60572639",
609
+ "28": "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-2022-that-is-a-shocker-from-the-referee-neil-robertson-on-the-foul-that-never-was-against_sto8824914/story.shtml",
610
+ "29": "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-snooker-neil-robertson-beats-graeme-dott-to-make-last-32-matthew-stevens-advances_sto8824533/story.shtml",
611
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612
+ "31": "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-ronnie-osullivan-fights-hard-to-extend-fine-record-against-ding-junhui_sto8825536/story.shtml",
613
+ "32": "https://wst.tv/rocket-downs-dragon-in-wales/",
614
+ "33": "https://www.rte.ie/sport/snooker/2022/0303/1284284-osullivan-too-strong-for-ding-in-wales/",
615
+ "34": "https://www.bbc.com/sport/snooker/60572643",
616
+ "35": "https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-judd-trump-makes-two-centuries-in-win-over-jimmy-robertson-to-reach-quarter-finals_sto8826004/story.shtml",
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+ "36": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
618
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619
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620
+ "39": "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/welsh-open-snooker-draw-schedule-results-how-to-watch-on-tv/198716",
621
+ "40": "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/snooker-results-jack-lisowski-beats-ali-carter-5-4-thanks-to-stunning-comeback-at-the-welsh-open/198918",
622
+ "41": "https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-jack-lisowski-fights-back-to-beat-ali-carter-and-book-place-in-semi-finals_sto8827020/story.shtml",
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+ "42": "https://wst.tv/lisowski-blitz-overhauls-carter/",
624
+ "43": "https://www.eurosport.com/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/he-could-never-look-boring-if-he-tried-ronnie-o-sullivan-urges-jack-lisowski-to-play-smart-snooker_sto8827177/story.shtml",
625
+ "44": "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/welsh-open-2022-judd-trump-battles-to-win-over-neil-robertson-to-book-semi-final-spot_sto8827279/story.shtml",
626
+ "45": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/60623213",
627
+ "46": "https://snookerhq.com/2022/03/05/welsh-open-semi-finals-draw-preview-schedule/",
628
+ "47": "https://www.sportinglife.com/snooker/news/snooker-results-judd-trump-beats-neil-robertson-at-welsh-open-jack-lisowski-stuns-ali-carter/198918",
629
+ "48": "https://www.eurosport.co.uk/snooker/welsh-open-1/2021-2022/hit-by-a-truck-neil-robertson-admits-performance-in-loss-to-judd-trump-impacted-by-death-of-shane-wa_sto8827366/story.shtml",
630
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+ "title": "2022_West_Java_earthquake",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_West_Java_earthquake",
4
+ "summary": "On 21 November 2022, at 13:21 WIB (UTC+07:00), a Mww 5.6 earthquake struck near Cianjur in West Java, Indonesia. The strike-slip earthquake occurred with a focal depth of 11 km (6.8 mi). Between 335 and 635 people died, 7,729 were injured and five remain missing. More than 62,628 homes were damaged across 16 districts in Cianjur Regency and the surrounding region. It is the deadliest earthquake to hit Indonesia since the 2018 Sulawesi earthquake. Damage evaluated after the event earned it a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe).",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Tectonic setting",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "Java lies near an active convergent boundary that separates the Sunda Plate to the north and the Australian Plate to the south",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "At the boundary, marked by the Sunda Trench, the northward-moving Australian Plate subducts beneath the Sunda Plate",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "The subduction zone is capable of generating earthquakes of up to magnitude 8.7, while the Australian Plate may also host deeper earthquakes within the downgoing lithosphere (intraslab earthquakes) beneath the coast of Java",
19
+ "refs": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "The subduction zone produced two destructive earthquakes and tsunamis in 2006 and 1994",
23
+ "refs": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "sentence": "An intraslab earthquake in 2009 also caused severe destruction",
27
+ "refs": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "sentence": "Compared to the highly oblique convergence across the plate boundary in Sumatra, near Java, it is close to orthogonal",
31
+ "refs": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "sentence": "However, there is still a small component of left-lateral strike-slip that is accommodated within the over-riding Sunda Plate",
35
+ "refs": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "sentence": "The Cimandiri Fault is one of the structures thought to be responsible",
39
+ "refs": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "sentence": "Field investigations, combined with morphometric analysis show that the Cimandiri Fault zone is a relatively broad zone of faulting and folding, with six segments identified",
43
+ "refs": [
44
+ "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324427092"
45
+ ]
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "sentence": "Older parts of the fault zone show evidence of dominant left-lateral strike-slip, while younger parts show mainly oblique slip, with a mixture of reverse faulting and left-lateral strike-slip",
49
+ "refs": []
50
+ }
51
+ ],
52
+ "subsections": []
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "section_title": "Earthquake",
56
+ "section_content": [
57
+ {
58
+ "sentence": "Earthquakes have been recorded in Cianjur since 1844",
59
+ "refs": []
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "sentence": "In 1910, 1912, 1958, 1982 and 2000, earthquakes caused damage and casualties in the area",
63
+ "refs": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "sentence": "Cianjur was also affected by an 1879 earthquake that claimed lives",
67
+ "refs": [
68
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRF..121.2287M"
69
+ ]
70
+ },
71
+ {
72
+ "sentence": "Shallow inland earthquakes in Java are infrequent but deadly",
73
+ "refs": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "sentence": "In 1924, near Wonosobo, about 800 people died from two earthquakes",
77
+ "refs": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "sentence": "Four other earthquakes in the 20th century caused between 10 and 100 deaths",
81
+ "refs": []
82
+ },
83
+ {
84
+ "sentence": "The 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake was a shallow crustal earthquake that left 5,749 people dead",
85
+ "refs": []
86
+ }
87
+ ],
88
+ "subsections": [
89
+ {
90
+ "section_title": "Geology",
91
+ "section_content": [
92
+ {
93
+ "sentence": "According to the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), the earthquake occurred at a depth of 11\u00a0km (7\u00a0mi), classifying it as a shallow event",
94
+ "refs": []
95
+ },
96
+ {
97
+ "sentence": "It had a strike-slip focal mechanism, The United States Geological Survey (USGS) stated that the earthquake occurred as a result of strike-slip faulting within the crust of the Sunda Plate",
98
+ "refs": [
99
+ "https://theconversation.com/why-are-shallow-earthquakes-more-destructive-the-disaster-in-java-is-a-devastating-example-195110",
100
+ "https://theconversation.com/why-are-shallow-earthquakes-more-destructive-the-disaster-in-java-is-a-devastating-example-195110"
101
+ ]
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "sentence": "Focal mechanisms indicate that the rupture occurred on either a steeply dipping north\u2013striking, right-lateral strike-slip fault, or a steeply dipping east-striking left-lateral strike-slip fault",
105
+ "refs": []
106
+ },
107
+ {
108
+ "sentence": "Its location is 260\u00a0km (160\u00a0mi) northeast of the subduction zone",
109
+ "refs": []
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "sentence": "The Cimandiri Fault or Padalarang Fault may be potential sources of the earthquake",
113
+ "refs": []
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "sentence": "The Cimandiri Fault is 100\u00a0km (62\u00a0mi) long and runs along the Mandiri River",
117
+ "refs": [
118
+ "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000ir9t/executive"
119
+ ]
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "sentence": "It stretches from Palabuhanratu Bay to Cianjur Regency",
123
+ "refs": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "sentence": "It is a strike-slip fault with a small vertical component along the section from Palabuhanratu Bay to southeast of Sukabumi",
127
+ "refs": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "sentence": "Along with the Lembang and Baribis Faults, these structures can generate damaging earthquakes",
131
+ "refs": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "sentence": "An engineering geology professor at Padjadjaran University said the epicenter location, 10\u00a0km (6.2\u00a0mi) from the Cimandiri Fault trace, makes it an unlikely source",
135
+ "refs": [
136
+ "https://www.kompas.tv/article/350831/kepala-bmkg-62-gempa-susulan-terjadi-hingga-malam-terbesar-m-4-2"
137
+ ]
138
+ },
139
+ {
140
+ "sentence": "The possible source fault was one that had been buried under volcanic deposits from Mount Gede",
141
+ "refs": []
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "sentence": "On 9 December, the BMKG revealed a previously unknown fault in Cugenang District, now called the Cugenang Fault, was the source of the earthquake",
145
+ "refs": []
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "sentence": "The newly identified 8\u20139\u00a0km (5.0\u20135.6\u00a0mi)-long fault strikes north-northwest\u2013south-southeast, and displays a right-lateral strike-slip focal mechanism",
149
+ "refs": [
150
+ "https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/11/23/337/2713319/sesar-cimandiri-diragukan-jadi-penyebab-gempa-besar-cianjur-ada-sesar-lain"
151
+ ]
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "sentence": "Due to its moderate magnitude, no surface ruptures were produced",
155
+ "refs": [
156
+ "https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5149010/sesar-cugenang-patahan-baru-penyebab-gempa-cianjur",
157
+ "https://en.antaranews.com/news/264687/new-fault-caused-56-m-cianjur-quake-bmkg"
158
+ ]
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "However, an analysis of the aftershocks revealed a fault rupture extending northeast\u2013southwest for 12\u00a0km (7.5\u00a0mi) and 8\u00a0km (5.0\u00a0mi) wide",
162
+ "refs": []
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "sentence": "The greatest damage occurred in areas along the rupture while lighter damage occurred further away",
166
+ "refs": []
167
+ },
168
+ {
169
+ "sentence": "By 9 December, more than 400 aftershocks with magnitudes between 1.2 and 4.2 had been recorded\u2014some were felt by residents",
170
+ "refs": []
171
+ }
172
+ ],
173
+ "subsections": []
174
+ },
175
+ {
176
+ "section_title": "Ground motion",
177
+ "section_content": [
178
+ {
179
+ "sentence": "The earthquake had a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) in an area southeast of the epicenter and striking northeast\u2013southwest",
180
+ "refs": []
181
+ },
182
+ {
183
+ "sentence": "Intensity VI\u2013VII (Strong\u2013Very strong) was felt in Cianjur while an intensity of IV\u2013V (Light\u2013Moderate) was felt at Garut and Sukabumi",
184
+ "refs": []
185
+ },
186
+ {
187
+ "sentence": "In Cimahi, Lembang, Bandung City, Cikalong Wetan, Rangkasbitung, Bogor and Bayah, the earthquake was felt at an intensity of III (Weak)",
188
+ "refs": [
189
+ "https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1548006-bmkg-mencatat-236-kali-gempa-susulan-di-cianjur-terbesar-magnitudo-4-2"
190
+ ]
191
+ },
192
+ {
193
+ "sentence": "Intensity II\u2013III (Weak) was felt in the Rancaekek, South Tangerang, Jakarta and Depok areas",
194
+ "refs": [
195
+ "https://theconversation.com/why-are-shallow-earthquakes-more-destructive-the-disaster-in-java-is-a-devastating-example-195110"
196
+ ]
197
+ },
198
+ {
199
+ "sentence": "A field investigation of damage in Cianjur Regency by the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia revealed the greatest damage occurred above volcanic breccia deposited by Mount Gede",
200
+ "refs": [
201
+ "https://www.bmkg.go.id/seismologi-teknik/peta-isoseismal.bmkg?p=peta-isoseismal-gempabumi-cianjur-jawa-barat-21-november-2022&tag=peta-isoseismal&lang=ID"
202
+ ]
203
+ },
204
+ {
205
+ "sentence": "The severity of building damage in Cugenang District, particularly in the villages of Gasol and Sarampad, led geologists to assign a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of VII\u2013VIII",
206
+ "refs": []
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "Damage corresponding to VII also occurred in Cianjur, Warungkondang and Gekbrong districts",
210
+ "refs": []
211
+ },
212
+ {
213
+ "sentence": "A maximum peak ground acceleration of 0.145 g in the east\u2013west component",
214
+ "refs": [
215
+ "https://en.tempo.co/read/1666139/bmkg-announces-cugenang-fault-zone-suggests-relocation-of-1800-houses"
216
+ ]
217
+ }
218
+ ],
219
+ "subsections": []
220
+ }
221
+ ]
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "section_title": "Impact",
225
+ "section_content": [
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "Despite the moderate size of the earthquake, its shallow depth caused strong shaking",
228
+ "refs": []
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "sentence": "Earthquakes of such size are usually associated with relatively minor damage but the shallow depth and poor construction factored in the destruction",
232
+ "refs": [
233
+ "https://inatews.bmkg.go.id/web/detail?name=20221121132444&day=578"
234
+ ]
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "sentence": "The National Agency for Disaster Countermeasure (BNPB) stated that the extent of damage to homes and buildings was still being assessed, but described the damage as \"massive\"",
238
+ "refs": [
239
+ "https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/muhammad-ilman-nafian-2/gempa-cianjur-merusak-begini-penjelasan-bmkg",
240
+ "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/at-least-268-dead-in-indonesia-earthquake-search-for-missing-continues"
241
+ ]
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "Damage occurred in 16 of the 32 districts of Cianjur Regency \u2014Cugenang District was the worst affected",
245
+ "refs": [
246
+ "https://babel.antaranews.com/berita/317797/rumah-dan-bangunan-di-cianjur-rusak-akibat-gempa",
247
+ "https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/947491/15/bnpb-sebut-dampak-gempa-cianjur-kerusakannya-masif-1669021878"
248
+ ]
249
+ },
250
+ {
251
+ "sentence": "The total cost of damage was Rp 4 trillion",
252
+ "refs": []
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "sentence": "At least 62,628 homes were damaged, including 27,434 homes which were heavily damaged",
256
+ "refs": [
257
+ "https://radarjember.jawapos.com/nasional/23/11/2022/ratusan-orang-belum-ditemukan-akibat-gempa-cianjur/",
258
+ "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/kerugian-gempa-cianjur-rp4-triliun-pemkab-fokus-pemulihan-ekonomi",
259
+ "https://www.bnpb.go.id/berita/-update-korban-meninggal-dunia-pasca-gempabumi-cianjur-321-orang-"
260
+ ]
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "sentence": "At least 13,070 and 22,124 homes had moderate and light damage, respectively",
264
+ "refs": [
265
+ "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121174536-20-876648/bnpb-1362-rumah-rusak-imbas-gempa-cianjur",
266
+ "https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6422675/data-terbaru-56320-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-cianjur"
267
+ ]
268
+ },
269
+ {
270
+ "sentence": "At least 524 schools, 144 religious locations, 13 offices and three health facilities were also damaged",
271
+ "refs": [
272
+ "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/kerugian-gempa-cianjur-rp4-triliun-pemkab-fokus-pemulihan-ekonomi",
273
+ "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121163708-20-876595/gempa-cianjur-343-rumah-rusak-berat-3-kecamatan-tedampak-parah",
274
+ "https://www.gatra.com/news-559203-kebencanaan-gempa-cianjur-524-satuan-pendidikan-terdampak-tangani-hak-anak.html"
275
+ ]
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "sentence": "A shopping mall collapsed",
279
+ "refs": [
280
+ "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121174536-20-876648/bnpb-1362-rumah-rusak-imbas-gempa-cianjur"
281
+ ]
282
+ },
283
+ {
284
+ "sentence": "Two government office buildings, three schools, a hospital, a religious facility and an Islamic boarding school were damaged",
285
+ "refs": [
286
+ "https://www.bnpb.go.id/berita/-update-310-warga-meninggal-dunia-pascagempa-cianjur-"
287
+ ]
288
+ },
289
+ {
290
+ "sentence": "The Ministry of Religious Affairs stated 21 mosques were damaged",
291
+ "refs": [
292
+ "https://www.bnpb.go.id/berita/-update-310-warga-meninggal-dunia-pascagempa-cianjur-",
293
+ "https://video.tribunnews.com/view/497550/dua-orang-meninggal-dunia-hingga-tujuh-rumah-rusak-berat-berikut-fakta-terkini-gempa-cianjur"
294
+ ]
295
+ },
296
+ {
297
+ "sentence": "In Cilaku District, many buildings with two or three floors were heavily damaged, and a minimart completely collapsed",
298
+ "refs": [
299
+ "https://jabarekspres.com/berita/2022/11/21/runtuh-terkena-gempa-cianjur-bangunan-toko-mas-ibu-kota-dikerumuni-warga/"
300
+ ]
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "sentence": "Landslides cut off roads",
304
+ "refs": []
305
+ },
306
+ {
307
+ "sentence": "A landslide along Puncak-Cipanas-Cianjur national road forced a traffic diversion",
308
+ "refs": [
309
+ "https://hidayatullah.com/berita/nasional/read/2022/11/23/240672/21-masjid-rusak-tiga-kantor-kua-alami-rusak-berat-akibat-gempa-cianjur.html"
310
+ ]
311
+ },
312
+ {
313
+ "sentence": "Toppled trees, uprooted power poles and downed power cables also occurred along roads",
314
+ "refs": []
315
+ },
316
+ {
317
+ "sentence": "The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources said two landslides occurred in Cugenang District",
318
+ "refs": [
319
+ "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121143105-20-876506/bupati-wilayah-cugenang-paling-parah-terdampak-gempa-cianjur"
320
+ ]
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "sentence": "One measured 44\u00a0m (144\u00a0ft) and 16\u00a0m (52\u00a0ft) high while the latter measured 162\u00a0m (531\u00a0ft) and 45\u00a0m (148\u00a0ft) high",
324
+ "refs": []
325
+ },
326
+ {
327
+ "sentence": "A village in Cugenang with eight homes was completely buried under a landslide",
328
+ "refs": [
329
+ "https://finance.detik.com/infrastruktur/d-6418181/gempa-cianjur-berimbas-longsor-di-jalur-puncak-pupr-kirim-alat-berat"
330
+ ]
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "sentence": "Landslides occurred in areas composed of weal volcanic soil",
334
+ "refs": [
335
+ "https://jabar.antaranews.com/berita/418445/badan-geologi-kementerian-esdm-temukan-2-longsoran-usai-gempa-di-cianjur"
336
+ ]
337
+ },
338
+ {
339
+ "sentence": "Power outages affected more than 366,000 homes, of which 89 percent were already restored",
340
+ "refs": []
341
+ },
342
+ {
343
+ "sentence": "At least 681 homes, six schools and 10 religious buildings were damaged in Sukabumi Regency",
344
+ "refs": [
345
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/23/quake-rescue-efforts-in-indonesia-focus-on-landslide-hit-villages",
346
+ "https://amp.kompas.com/bandung/read/2022/11/21/185645378/cianjur-gelap-jaringan-listrik-ratusan-ribu-rumah-warga-putus-akibat-gempa"
347
+ ]
348
+ },
349
+ {
350
+ "sentence": "No deaths were recorded there, although 11 people were injured and 58 families were displaced",
351
+ "refs": []
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "sentence": "In Caringin Subdistrict, Lebak Regency, two schools and 89 houses were damaged, and a person was injured",
355
+ "refs": [
356
+ "https://jabar.inews.id/amp/berita/cianjur-sempat-gelap-gulita-pln-pastikan-89-persen-jaringan-listrik-pulih"
357
+ ]
358
+ },
359
+ {
360
+ "sentence": "Seventy eight homes, a madrasah, and an Islamic boarding school were damaged in Bogor Regency",
361
+ "refs": [
362
+ "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/bpbd-681-rumah-dan-10-masjid-di-sukabumi-rusak-akibat-gempa-cianjur"
363
+ ]
364
+ },
365
+ {
366
+ "sentence": "The earthquake was felt strongly in Jakarta, Indonesia's capital, causing residents to flock to the streets",
367
+ "refs": []
368
+ },
369
+ {
370
+ "sentence": "High-rise buildings swayed and were evacuated",
371
+ "refs": [
372
+ "https://megapolitan.okezone.com/read/2022/11/22/338/2712284/gempa-cianjur-78-rumah-di-bogor-terdampak"
373
+ ]
374
+ },
375
+ {
376
+ "sentence": "Cracks appeared on an apartment building in Ancol, North Jakarta",
377
+ "refs": []
378
+ }
379
+ ],
380
+ "subsections": []
381
+ },
382
+ {
383
+ "section_title": "Casualties",
384
+ "section_content": [
385
+ {
386
+ "sentence": "There were 335 confirmed deaths according to the BNPB, 165 of them had been successfully identified",
387
+ "refs": [
388
+ "https://voi.id/en/amp/229392/impact-of-the-cianjur-earthquake-the-wall-of-the-apartment-in-ancol-rentak",
389
+ "https://cirebon.tribunnews.com/2022/12/12/korban-tewas-gempa-cianjur-ternyata-600-an-orang-bupati-banyak-yang-langsung-dimakamkan"
390
+ ]
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "sentence": "The regent of Cianjur, Herman Suherman, claimed the total death toll was 635",
394
+ "refs": []
395
+ },
396
+ {
397
+ "sentence": "He said many deaths went unreported as they were immediately buried by relatives for religious reasons and did not report these deaths",
398
+ "refs": [
399
+ "https://jatim.antaranews.com/amp/berita/658969/hari-kelima-korban-meninggal-gempa-cianjur-naik-jadi-310-jiwa",
400
+ "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221220154139-20-889802/bupati-cianjur-korban-gempa-cianjur-bertambah-jadi-635-orang",
401
+ "https://en.antaranews.com/news/265123/cianjur-quake-death-toll-climbs-to-600-government"
402
+ ]
403
+ },
404
+ {
405
+ "sentence": "According to him, Cugenang District saw 397 deaths\u2014the most number of deaths among the 13 districts affected",
406
+ "refs": [
407
+ "https://www.tvonenews.com/channel/news/96231-tim-sar-gabungan-kembali-temukan-jasad-korban-gempa-cianjur"
408
+ ]
409
+ },
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "In Cianjur District, 78 died and 50 died in Warungkondang District",
412
+ "refs": []
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "sentence": "The BNPB said on 13 December that additional verifications and reevaluations would be carried out to address the discrepancy in the death toll",
416
+ "refs": [
417
+ "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/korban-meninggal-akibat-gempa-jadi-600-orang-bupati-cianjur-banyak-warga-tak-lapor"
418
+ ]
419
+ },
420
+ {
421
+ "sentence": "The agency said if deaths were not recorded and no death certificate is presented, the individual would not be considered deceased",
422
+ "refs": [
423
+ "https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6461709/beda-versi-data-korban-gempa-cianjur-menurut-bupati-dan-bnpb"
424
+ ]
425
+ },
426
+ {
427
+ "sentence": "Most of the deaths were caused by collapsing buildings",
428
+ "refs": []
429
+ },
430
+ {
431
+ "sentence": "A majority were students of several schools who died after being hit by falling debris",
432
+ "refs": []
433
+ },
434
+ {
435
+ "sentence": "The BNPB revealed more than one third of those killed were children",
436
+ "refs": [
437
+ "https://m.merdeka.com/peristiwa/bnpb-tidak-ada-korban-jiwa-gempa-cianjur-tidak-terdata.html?page=2"
438
+ ]
439
+ },
440
+ {
441
+ "sentence": "In Cikancana, a village in Gekbrong District, six students died from head injuries",
442
+ "refs": [
443
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/21/deadly-earthquake-rocks-indonesia",
444
+ "https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/jumlah-korban-gempa-cianjur-meningkat-tim-sar-fokus-pada-lokasi-longsor/6848276.html"
445
+ ]
446
+ },
447
+ {
448
+ "sentence": "The bodies of ten people were found beneath a landslide in Cugenang District",
449
+ "refs": [
450
+ "https://www.kompas.com/nasional/read/2022/11/23/18491871/korban-jiwa-gempa-cianjur-capai-271-orang-37-persennya-anak-anak"
451
+ ]
452
+ },
453
+ {
454
+ "sentence": "More than 30 people were killed by a landslide in Cijedil village",
455
+ "refs": [
456
+ "https://tirto.id/dampak-gempa-cianjur-53408-rumah-hingga-540-sekolah-rusak-gzxt",
457
+ "https://bandung.kompas.com/read/2022/11/22/063000478/gempa-cianjur-6-murid-madrasah-tewas-tertimpa-reruntuhan-bangunan-sekolah"
458
+ ]
459
+ },
460
+ {
461
+ "sentence": "One person was killed and another 20 were injured after a factory partially collapsed",
462
+ "refs": [
463
+ "https://en.tempo.co/read/1666139/bmkg-announces-cugenang-fault-zone-suggests-relocation-of-1800-houses"
464
+ ]
465
+ },
466
+ {
467
+ "sentence": "A further 7,729 people were injured \u2014593 in serious condition",
468
+ "refs": [
469
+ "https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/news_view.htm?lang=i&Seq_Code=68875"
470
+ ]
471
+ },
472
+ {
473
+ "sentence": "Five people remained missing, possibly buried under collapsed structures",
474
+ "refs": [
475
+ "https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-6437440/mencegah-korupsi-bantuan-keuangan-gempa-cianjur/",
476
+ "https://www.beritasatu.com/news/1005185/update-gempa-cianjur-korban-meninggal-jadi-331-jiwa/amp",
477
+ "https://banyumas.tribunnews.com/2022/12/19/tim-sar-temukan-lagi-satu-jenazah-korban-gempa-cianjur-lima-korban-masih-hilang"
478
+ ]
479
+ },
480
+ {
481
+ "sentence": "Dozens of students were injured by falling debris at their schools",
482
+ "refs": [
483
+ "https://bnpb.go.id/berita/-update-318-warga-meninggal-dunia-pascagempa-cianjur-",
484
+ "https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20221122/15/1600754/gempa-cianjur-25-orang-tertimbun-runtuhan-bangunan"
485
+ ]
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "sentence": "The injured were taken to the four hospitals around Cianjur",
489
+ "refs": [
490
+ "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221122160006-20-877167/pemkab-cianjur-korban-meninggal-dunia-akibat-gempa-252-orang/"
491
+ ]
492
+ },
493
+ {
494
+ "sentence": "Due to a large number of injured arriving at Cianjur Hospital, a field hospital was constructed in the parking lot",
495
+ "refs": [
496
+ "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/gempa-magnitudo-56-guncang-cianjur-puluhan-siswa-terluka"
497
+ ]
498
+ },
499
+ {
500
+ "sentence": "At Cimacan Hospital, 237 people received treatment\u2014150 were released while 13 others died",
501
+ "refs": [
502
+ "https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/11/21/337/2711835/gempa-cianjur-kapolres-44-orang-meninggal-dunia"
503
+ ]
504
+ },
505
+ {
506
+ "sentence": "A further 114,683 people were displaced",
507
+ "refs": [
508
+ "https://padang.viva.co.id/ragam-perkara/843-sudah-20-warga-dilaporkan-tewas-akibat-gempa-m56-cianjur"
509
+ ]
510
+ }
511
+ ],
512
+ "subsections": [
513
+ {
514
+ "section_title": "Search and rescue",
515
+ "section_content": [
516
+ {
517
+ "sentence": "A state of emergency was declared for 30 days from 21 November to 20 December",
518
+ "refs": []
519
+ },
520
+ {
521
+ "sentence": "About 6,000 rescuers were deployed",
522
+ "refs": [
523
+ "https://jogja.antaranews.com/berita/592563/pencarian-11-korban-bencana-gempa-cianjur-dilanjutkan"
524
+ ]
525
+ },
526
+ {
527
+ "sentence": "The Indonesian Medical Association mobilized 200 doctors, while the National Search and Rescue Agency mobilized personnel and equipment to five affected areas",
528
+ "refs": [
529
+ "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/indonesia/european-union-brings-relief-victims-earthquake-indonesia_en",
530
+ "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/indonesia-earthquake-rescue-heavy-rain-survivors-3097441"
531
+ ]
532
+ },
533
+ {
534
+ "sentence": "Search and rescue teams were deployed to locate the missing",
535
+ "refs": [
536
+ "https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/5131781/idi-cianjur-kerahkan-200-an-dokter-tangani-korban-gempa"
537
+ ]
538
+ },
539
+ {
540
+ "sentence": "Helicopters conducted aerial surveys and evacuated people",
541
+ "refs": []
542
+ },
543
+ {
544
+ "sentence": "As many as 796 personnel were distributed across 12 districts to search for missing individuals",
545
+ "refs": []
546
+ },
547
+ {
548
+ "sentence": "The governor of West Java, Ridwan Kamil, called for the Jabar Quick Response Team to respond",
549
+ "refs": [
550
+ "https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/basarnas-kerahkan-helikopter-untuk-cari-korban-gempa-cianjur-yang-tertimbun-1zIQoQul7fo/full"
551
+ ]
552
+ },
553
+ {
554
+ "sentence": "The team would arrive in the Cugenang, Warung Kondang, and Pacet Cipanas areas of Cianjur Regency",
555
+ "refs": []
556
+ },
557
+ {
558
+ "sentence": "Heavy rain and the risk of landslides have slowed down search and rescue work",
559
+ "refs": [
560
+ "https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/5133402/tim-sar-lanjutkan-pencarian-151-orang-yang-hilang-usai-gempa-cianjur"
561
+ ]
562
+ },
563
+ {
564
+ "sentence": "Aftershocks also raised the potential for landslides to be triggered",
565
+ "refs": []
566
+ },
567
+ {
568
+ "sentence": "On 23 November, rescuers attended to Cugenang, where a village was buried by a landslide",
569
+ "refs": []
570
+ },
571
+ {
572
+ "sentence": "A six-year-old was rescued alive after being trapped under his collapsed home for two days",
573
+ "refs": [
574
+ "https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/indonesia/european-union-brings-relief-victims-earthquake-indonesia_en"
575
+ ]
576
+ },
577
+ {
578
+ "sentence": "On 24 November, over 1,000 rescuers used rescue dogs, heavy equipment and their bare hands to quicken the search for the missing",
579
+ "refs": []
580
+ },
581
+ {
582
+ "sentence": "The Cianjur Regency government established a response effort that would continue until 30 December 2022",
583
+ "refs": [
584
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/11/21/deadly-earthquake-rocks-indonesia"
585
+ ]
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "sentence": "Rain and landslides continue to disrupt the search for the 39 missing individuals",
589
+ "refs": [
590
+ "https://jabar.antaranews.com/berita/417521/gubernur-ridwan-kamil-berangkatkan-tim-jqr-ke-lokasi-gempa-cianjur?utm_source=topnews&utm_medium=home&utm_campaign=news"
591
+ ]
592
+ },
593
+ {
594
+ "sentence": "The BNPB said heavy equipment would be deployed to the village but its use could endanger potential survivors and road conditions were still unfavorable",
595
+ "refs": []
596
+ },
597
+ {
598
+ "sentence": "Search for the missing continued on 25 November\u2014472 personnel and two rescue dogs participated in the effort at Cugenang District",
599
+ "refs": [
600
+ "https://www.voaindonesia.com/a/gempa-cianjur-operasi-pencarian-dilanjutkan-masa-tanggap-darurat-satu-bulan/6848768.html"
601
+ ]
602
+ },
603
+ {
604
+ "sentence": "Seven bodies were discovered in a landslide in the same district that day",
605
+ "refs": [
606
+ "https://www.beritasatu.com/news/1002789/update-gempa-cianjur-hujan-sulitkan-pencarian-39-korban-hilang"
607
+ ]
608
+ },
609
+ {
610
+ "sentence": "On 26 November, eight additional bodies were found",
611
+ "refs": [
612
+ "https://kepri.antaranews.com/berita/140657/sar-lanjutkan-pencarian-39-orang-hilang-pada-hari-kelima-usai-gempa-cianjur"
613
+ ]
614
+ },
615
+ {
616
+ "sentence": "The search for missing people was scheduled to end on 30 November, but was extended to 3 December after more reports of missing individuals arrived",
617
+ "refs": []
618
+ },
619
+ {
620
+ "sentence": "On 4 December, the regency government discussed plans to extend the search by three days",
621
+ "refs": [
622
+ "https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/11/26/17581041/korban-gempa-cianjur-masih-bertambah-318-meninggal-7729-luka-luka"
623
+ ]
624
+ },
625
+ {
626
+ "sentence": "The National Search and Rescue Agency announced plans to extend the search for the eight missing people to 20 December",
627
+ "refs": [
628
+ "https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5140828/pencarian-korban-gempa-cianjur-diperpanjang-selama-3-hari"
629
+ ]
630
+ }
631
+ ],
632
+ "subsections": []
633
+ }
634
+ ]
635
+ },
636
+ {
637
+ "section_title": "Aftermath",
638
+ "section_content": [
639
+ {
640
+ "sentence": "Survivors in Cianjur constructed makeshift tents in public spaces or their yards",
641
+ "refs": []
642
+ },
643
+ {
644
+ "sentence": "On 22 November, a survivor stated that they were still self-dependent because no assistance has been given",
645
+ "refs": []
646
+ },
647
+ {
648
+ "sentence": "For fear of aftershocks, residents did not return to their homes",
649
+ "refs": [
650
+ "https://www.tribunnews.com/regional/2022/12/07/pencarian-8-korban-hilang-akibat-gempa-cianjur-dilakukan-hingga-20-desember"
651
+ ]
652
+ },
653
+ {
654
+ "sentence": "In Pamoyanan village, Cianjur District, 150 residents spent the night under a pavilion",
655
+ "refs": []
656
+ },
657
+ {
658
+ "sentence": "Others slept along roadsides or under the overhangs of shops",
659
+ "refs": []
660
+ },
661
+ {
662
+ "sentence": "Food was still unavailable on the morning of 22 November",
663
+ "refs": []
664
+ },
665
+ {
666
+ "sentence": "According to the BNPB, homes that were damaged will be reconstructed with earthquake resistance",
667
+ "refs": []
668
+ },
669
+ {
670
+ "sentence": "The Ministry of Public Works and Housing mobilized personnel and heavy equipment to clear trees and landslide debris on roads",
671
+ "refs": [
672
+ "https://repjabar.republika.co.id/berita/rlq10z396/takut-gempa-susulan-warga-ngungsi-di-pendopo-cianjur-dan-emperan-toko"
673
+ ]
674
+ },
675
+ {
676
+ "sentence": "Electricity was cut from Cianjur District",
677
+ "refs": [
678
+ "https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5131625/kepala-bnpb-pastikan-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-cianjur-akan-dibangun-lagi"
679
+ ]
680
+ },
681
+ {
682
+ "sentence": "Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) workers were deployed to restore power to 366,675 customers after the earthquake affected 1,957 substations",
683
+ "refs": [
684
+ "https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1659400/gempa-cianjur-pupr-mobilisasi-alat-berat-untuk-bersihkan-jalan-dari-pohon-tumbang"
685
+ ]
686
+ },
687
+ {
688
+ "sentence": "By the morning of 22 November, 1,802 substations were functioning and electricity was restored in 89 percent of the area",
689
+ "refs": [
690
+ "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121140601-20-876484/bupati-cianjur-listrik-terputus-usai-gempa?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=oa&utm_content=cnnindonesia&utm_campaign=cmssocmed"
691
+ ]
692
+ },
693
+ {
694
+ "sentence": "On 29 November, officials in Cianjur Regency reported 2,000 cases of acute respiratory infection, hypertension and diarrhea among the displaced people",
695
+ "refs": []
696
+ },
697
+ {
698
+ "sentence": "On 3 December, another earthquake measuring Mww\u202f 5.7 struck Garut Regency",
699
+ "refs": []
700
+ },
701
+ {
702
+ "sentence": "Both earthquakes were unrelated as they occurred at different focal depths",
703
+ "refs": [
704
+ "https://www.tvonenews.com/daerah/jabar/84867-2000-an-pengungsi-gempa-terserang-ispa-dinkes-cianjur-juga-terserang-diare-dan-hipertensi",
705
+ "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000j6k5/executive"
706
+ ]
707
+ },
708
+ {
709
+ "sentence": "In Cianjur, cracks appeared on walls and windows broke",
710
+ "refs": [
711
+ "https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20221203175107-4-393494/garut-diguncang-gempa-ini-penjelasan-bmkg/amp"
712
+ ]
713
+ }
714
+ ],
715
+ "subsections": [
716
+ {
717
+ "section_title": "Reconstruction",
718
+ "section_content": [
719
+ {
720
+ "sentence": "The Indonesian government allocated Rp 50 million for reconstructing earthquake-resistant homes",
721
+ "refs": []
722
+ },
723
+ {
724
+ "sentence": "Homes that were moderately or lightly damaged would be repaired through a Rp10 million assistance fund",
725
+ "refs": []
726
+ },
727
+ {
728
+ "sentence": "Reconstruction and repair works are planned to be undertaken by the Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing",
729
+ "refs": []
730
+ },
731
+ {
732
+ "sentence": "While not all the displaced had severely damaged homes, but many fled due to the aftershocks",
733
+ "refs": [
734
+ "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221203184232-20-882419/rumah-hingga-sekolah-di-cidaun-cianjur-rusak-diguncang-gempa-garut/"
735
+ ]
736
+ },
737
+ {
738
+ "sentence": "On 25 November, data collection on the number of damaged houses was ongoing",
739
+ "refs": []
740
+ },
741
+ {
742
+ "sentence": "Preparations for reconstruction began\u2014residents were evacuated and the search for missing people continued",
743
+ "refs": []
744
+ },
745
+ {
746
+ "sentence": "Reconstruction would be funded by government ministries and the provincial government",
747
+ "refs": []
748
+ },
749
+ {
750
+ "sentence": "A 2-hectare zone in Sirnagalih village, Cilaku District was allocated for the construction of 200 homes to relocate displaced residents",
751
+ "refs": [
752
+ "https://en.antaranews.com/news/261865/cianjur-quake-minister-assures-of-swift-reconstruction-of-homes"
753
+ ]
754
+ },
755
+ {
756
+ "sentence": "Muhadjir Effendy, the Coordinating Minister for Human Development and Cultural Affairs, said 8,341 damaged homes would be repaired in the first phase of reconstruction",
757
+ "refs": [
758
+ "https://polri.go.id/berita-polri/2717"
759
+ ]
760
+ },
761
+ {
762
+ "sentence": "With the identification of the Cugenang Fault, the BMKG said the 1,800 homes in several villages where the structure intersects would have to be relocated",
763
+ "refs": []
764
+ },
765
+ {
766
+ "sentence": "The BMKG prohibited the reconstruction of homes along the fault due to the present seismic hazard it poses",
767
+ "refs": [
768
+ "https://en.antaranews.com/news/264687/new-fault-caused-56-m-cianjur-quake-bmkg"
769
+ ]
770
+ },
771
+ {
772
+ "sentence": "By 27 April 2023, 351 houses had been reconstructed",
773
+ "refs": [
774
+ "https://www.victorynews.id/nasional/pr-3315839461/pemkab-cianjur-siap-relokasi-dan-bangun-rumah-bagi-warga-korban-gempa-cianjur"
775
+ ]
776
+ }
777
+ ],
778
+ "subsections": []
779
+ }
780
+ ]
781
+ },
782
+ {
783
+ "section_title": "Response",
784
+ "section_content": [
785
+ {
786
+ "sentence": "President Joko Widodo directed the minister of public works and housing, Basuki Hadimuljono, to survey the damage",
787
+ "refs": []
788
+ },
789
+ {
790
+ "sentence": "Basuki arrived in Cianjur Regency on 21 November at 21:45",
791
+ "refs": []
792
+ },
793
+ {
794
+ "sentence": "According to President Widodo, residents whose homes were heavily and moderately damaged would receive Rp 50 million and Rp 25 million in assistance, respectively",
795
+ "refs": [
796
+ "https://finance.detik.com/properti/d-6693570/siap-huni-351-rumah-buat-korban-gempa-cianjur-rampung"
797
+ ]
798
+ },
799
+ {
800
+ "sentence": "Rp 10 million would be given to homes with light damage",
801
+ "refs": []
802
+ },
803
+ {
804
+ "sentence": "The BMKG urged residents to be wary of potential flash floods and rain due to unstable slopes",
805
+ "refs": [
806
+ "https://koran-jakarta.com/presiden-jokowi-perintahkan-menteri-pupr-tinjau-dampak-gempa-di-cianjur"
807
+ ]
808
+ },
809
+ {
810
+ "sentence": "The agency's head, Dwikorita Karnawati, stated that materials on unstable slopes could be washed away, triggering floods and landslides",
811
+ "refs": []
812
+ },
813
+ {
814
+ "sentence": "Residents were also advised not to visit slopes and riverbanks due to the risk of flash floods",
815
+ "refs": []
816
+ },
817
+ {
818
+ "sentence": "Thirty five personnel including five health professionals from Husein Sastranegara Air Force Base visited the affected area",
819
+ "refs": []
820
+ },
821
+ {
822
+ "sentence": "The base also supplied food, medicine, kitchen appliances and logistics",
823
+ "refs": []
824
+ },
825
+ {
826
+ "sentence": "More than 1,000 soldiers from nearby units were dispatched to the area",
827
+ "refs": [
828
+ "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121161030-20-876579/bmkg-wanti-wanti-banjir-bandang-dan-longsor-usai-gempa-cianjur"
829
+ ]
830
+ },
831
+ {
832
+ "sentence": "Due to landslides blocking roads and cutting road access to some villages, helicopters were dispatched to drop food and water",
833
+ "refs": []
834
+ },
835
+ {
836
+ "sentence": "While delivering aid to survivors across a bamboo bridge on 6 December, a police officer fell into a river and sustained light injuries",
837
+ "refs": [
838
+ "https://koran-jakarta.com/1-000-prajurit-tni-ad-dikerahkan-bantu-penanganan-gempa-cianjur"
839
+ ]
840
+ },
841
+ {
842
+ "sentence": "The government of West Jakarta donated Rp 250 million in aid, and other local companies also donated aid, totaling Rp 500 million",
843
+ "refs": [
844
+ "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/traumatised-relatives-await-news-of-missing-in-quake-hit-indonesia",
845
+ "https://www.tvonenews.com/channel/news/94718-polisi-jatuh-ke-sungai-dari-motor-saat-antarkan-bantuan-gempa-cianjur"
846
+ ]
847
+ },
848
+ {
849
+ "sentence": "On 7 December, an accident involving a pickup truck delivering aid and bus occurred along the Cikopo\u2013Palimanan Toll Road in Kalijati District, killing a person",
850
+ "refs": [
851
+ "https://barat.jakarta.go.id/detailberita/7933"
852
+ ]
853
+ }
854
+ ],
855
+ "subsections": [
856
+ {
857
+ "section_title": "International aid",
858
+ "section_content": [],
859
+ "subsections": []
860
+ }
861
+ ]
862
+ },
863
+ {
864
+ "section_title": "Controversy",
865
+ "section_content": [
866
+ {
867
+ "sentence": "The head of the National Counter Terrorism Agency, Boy Rafli Amar, claimed Islamic terrorist group Jamaah Ansharut Daulah raised humanitarian fund only for it to be used in terrorist-related activities",
868
+ "refs": []
869
+ }
870
+ ],
871
+ "subsections": []
872
+ },
873
+ {
874
+ "section_title": "See also",
875
+ "section_content": [
876
+ {
877
+ "sentence": "Earthquakes <M6.0 with a high death toll",
878
+ "refs": []
879
+ }
880
+ ],
881
+ "subsections": []
882
+ },
883
+ {
884
+ "section_title": "References",
885
+ "section_content": [],
886
+ "subsections": [
887
+ {
888
+ "section_title": "Notes",
889
+ "section_content": [],
890
+ "subsections": []
891
+ },
892
+ {
893
+ "section_title": "Citations",
894
+ "section_content": [],
895
+ "subsections": []
896
+ }
897
+ ]
898
+ },
899
+ {
900
+ "section_title": "External links",
901
+ "section_content": [],
902
+ "subsections": []
903
+ }
904
+ ],
905
+ "references": {
906
+ "2": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
907
+ "1": "https://en.antaranews.com/news/265123/cianjur-quake-death-toll-climbs-to-600-government",
908
+ "3": "https://www.kompas.com/nasional/read/2022/12/02/17402351/update-gempa-cianjur-per-12-desember-2022-331-meninggal-dunia-12-orang-belum",
909
+ "4": "https://mb.com.ph/2022/11/23/indonesia-quake-survivors-appeal-for-supplies-as-rescuers-trawl-rubble/",
910
+ "5": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324427092",
911
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912
+ "7": "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRF..121.2287M",
913
+ "8": "https://nasional.okezone.com/read/2022/11/21/337/2711880/bmkg-wilayah-cianjur-kerap-diguncang-gempa-sejak-tahun-1844",
914
+ "9": "https://theconversation.com/why-are-shallow-earthquakes-more-destructive-the-disaster-in-java-is-a-devastating-example-195110",
915
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916
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917
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918
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919
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920
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921
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922
+ "17": "https://en.tempo.co/read/1666139/bmkg-announces-cugenang-fault-zone-suggests-relocation-of-1800-houses",
923
+ "18": "https://vsi.esdm.go.id/index.php/gempabumi-a-tsunami/kejadian-gempabumi-a-tsunami/4023",
924
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925
+ "20": "https://www.bmkg.go.id/seismologi-teknik/peta-isoseismal.bmkg?p=peta-isoseismal-gempabumi-cianjur-jawa-barat-21-november-2022&tag=peta-isoseismal&lang=ID",
926
+ "21": "https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6418040/kekuatan-gempa-cianjur-m-56-hingga-mmi-vi-ini-artinya",
927
+ "22": "https://inatews.bmkg.go.id/web/detail?name=20221121132444&day=578",
928
+ "23": "https://www.idntimes.com/news/indonesia/muhammad-ilman-nafian-2/gempa-cianjur-merusak-begini-penjelasan-bmkg",
929
+ "24": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/at-least-268-dead-in-indonesia-earthquake-search-for-missing-continues",
930
+ "25": "https://babel.antaranews.com/berita/317797/rumah-dan-bangunan-di-cianjur-rusak-akibat-gempa",
931
+ "26": "https://nasional.sindonews.com/read/947491/15/bnpb-sebut-dampak-gempa-cianjur-kerusakannya-masif-1669021878",
932
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933
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934
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935
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936
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937
+ "32": "https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6422675/data-terbaru-56320-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-cianjur",
938
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939
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940
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941
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943
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944
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945
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946
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947
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952
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953
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954
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955
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959
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961
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963
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964
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965
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966
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968
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969
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970
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971
+ "66": "https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-6437440/mencegah-korupsi-bantuan-keuangan-gempa-cianjur/",
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973
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974
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975
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976
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977
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978
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979
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980
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981
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982
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983
+ "78": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/indonesia-earthquake-rescue-heavy-rain-survivors-3097441",
984
+ "79": "https://www.liputan6.com/health/read/5131781/idi-cianjur-kerahkan-200-an-dokter-tangani-korban-gempa",
985
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986
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988
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989
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+ "87": "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221125110509-20-878558/7-orang-hilang-akibat-gempa-cianjur-ditemukan-tewas",
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+ "88": "https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2022/11/26/17581041/korban-gempa-cianjur-masih-bertambah-318-meninggal-7729-luka-luka",
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+ "89": "https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/5140828/pencarian-korban-gempa-cianjur-diperpanjang-selama-3-hari",
995
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997
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999
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1000
+ "95": "https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1659400/gempa-cianjur-pupr-mobilisasi-alat-berat-untuk-bersihkan-jalan-dari-pohon-tumbang",
1001
+ "96": "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121140601-20-876484/bupati-cianjur-listrik-terputus-usai-gempa?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=oa&utm_content=cnnindonesia&utm_campaign=cmssocmed",
1002
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1003
+ "98": "https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1659616/89-persen-listrik-di-lokasi-gempa-cianjur-mulai-pulih",
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1005
+ "100": "https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000j6k5/executive",
1006
+ "101": "https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20221203175107-4-393494/garut-diguncang-gempa-ini-penjelasan-bmkg/amp",
1007
+ "102": "https://www.metrotvnews.com/play/NleC0p0B-bmkg-tegaskan-gempa-garut-tak-berhubungan-dengan-gempa-cianjur",
1008
+ "103": "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221203184232-20-882419/rumah-hingga-sekolah-di-cidaun-cianjur-rusak-diguncang-gempa-garut/",
1009
+ "104": "https://en.antaranews.com/news/261865/cianjur-quake-minister-assures-of-swift-reconstruction-of-homes",
1010
+ "105": "https://polri.go.id/berita-polri/2717",
1011
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1012
+ "107": "https://en.antaranews.com/news/264607/bmkg-prohibits-public-to-rebuild-settlements-along-cugenang-fault",
1013
+ "108": "https://finance.detik.com/properti/d-6693570/siap-huni-351-rumah-buat-korban-gempa-cianjur-rampung",
1014
+ "109": "https://koran-jakarta.com/presiden-jokowi-perintahkan-menteri-pupr-tinjau-dampak-gempa-di-cianjur",
1015
+ "110": "https://bnpb.go.id/berita/-update-268-warga-meninggal-dunia-akibat-gempa-cianjur-",
1016
+ "111": "https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20221121161030-20-876579/bmkg-wanti-wanti-banjir-bandang-dan-longsor-usai-gempa-cianjur",
1017
+ "112": "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/35-personel-lanud-husein-sastranegara-bantu-penanganan-bencana-di-cianjur",
1018
+ "113": "https://koran-jakarta.com/1-000-prajurit-tni-ad-dikerahkan-bantu-penanganan-gempa-cianjur",
1019
+ "114": "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/traumatised-relatives-await-news-of-missing-in-quake-hit-indonesia",
1020
+ "115": "https://www.tvonenews.com/channel/news/94718-polisi-jatuh-ke-sungai-dari-motor-saat-antarkan-bantuan-gempa-cianjur",
1021
+ "116": "https://barat.jakarta.go.id/detailberita/7933",
1022
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+ "118": "https://www.gridoto.com/read/223604911/sedih-dihantam-bus-mobil-pembawa-bantuan-gempa-cianjur-terguling-di-tol-cipali-satu-meninggal-dunia",
1024
+ "119": "https://jabar.inews.id/berita/antisipasi-gempa-susulan-kemensos-siapkan-1000-tenda-untuk-korban-gempa-cianjur",
1025
+ "120": "https://en.antaranews.com/news/261953/ministry-sends-aid-to-schools-affected-by-cianjur-quake",
1026
+ "121": "https://jabar.antaranews.com/berita/419061/kementan-salurkan-bantuan-pangan-rp269-miliar-untuk-korban-gempa-di-cianjur",
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+ "122": "https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20221209/9/1607056/pip-kemenkeu-salurkan-bantuan-rp200-juta-untuk-korban-gempa-cianjur",
1028
+ "123": "https://www.niaga.asia/isran-serahkan-bantun-pemerintah-dan-rakyat-kaltim-rp7-miliar-untuk-korban-gempa-cianjur/",
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+ "124": "https://kabarpapua.co/pj-gubernur-papua-barat-serahkan-bantuan-bencana-alam-untuk-cianjur/",
1030
+ "125": "https://maluku.polri.go.id/informasi/berita/baca/polda-maluku-salurkan-bantuan-untuk-korban-gempa-bumi-di-cianjur",
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+ "126": "https://www.suarasurabaya.net/kelanakota/2022/pemerintah-provinsi-sumbar-kirim-13-ton-paket-rendang-untuk-korban-gempa-cianjur/",
1032
+ "127": "https://suaracirebon.com/2022/12/19/pemkab-cirebon-kembali-salurkan-rp1-miliar-lebih-donasi-gempa-cianjur/",
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+ "128": "https://www.goriau.com/berita/baca/gubri-serahkan-bantuan-uang-sebesar-rp533-juta-lebih-untuk-korban-gempa-cianjur.html",
1034
+ "129": "https://penghubung.acehprov.go.id/berita/pemerintah-aceh-salurkan-bantuan-tunai-untuk-warga-aceh-korban-gempa-cianjur/",
1035
+ "130": "https://kepri.antaranews.com/berita/141221/pemkab-karimun-bantu-korban-gempa-di-cianjur-rp269-juta",
1036
+ "131": "https://lomboktimur.pikiran-rakyat.com/lombok-timur/pr-2555952094/pemda-lombok-timur-himpun-donasi-rp12-miliyar-bantuan-bakal-dikirim-untuk-korban-gempa-cianjur",
1037
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json/2022_Winter_Olympics_opening_ceremony.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2022_Winter_Olympics_opening_ceremony",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics_opening_ceremony",
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+ "summary": "The 2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony was held at Beijing National Stadium, China on 4 February 2022. As mandated by the Olympic Charter, the proceedings are expected to combine the formal and ceremonial opening of this international sporting event, including welcoming speeches, hoisting of the flags and the parade of athletes, with an artistic spectacle to showcase the host nation's winter culture and modern history. The Games were officially opened by Xi Jinping, general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and president of the People's Republic of China.\nThe opening ceremony was directed by film director and producer Zhang Yimou, who has previously directed the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Summer Olympics, which was China's first time hosting the Olympics. The world's largest LED screen (10,552 square metres (113,580 sq ft) and uses 40,000 LED modules) was unveiled at the opening ceremony.The ceremony was also marked by diplomatic boycotts among other concerns and controversies.",
5
+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Ceremony key team",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Theme and concept",
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+ "section_content": [
14
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The themes of the opening ceremony are:",
16
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
19
+ "sentence": "As stated by Zhang Yimou, in an Olympic first, all of the segments along with the International Olympic Committee protocols, were merged into one integrated programme in the opening ceremony.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Preparations",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
29
+ "sentence": "The final stage in preparations for the event and performance stages at the Bird's Nest were completed in October",
30
+ "refs": []
31
+ },
32
+ {
33
+ "sentence": "A full-scale dress rehearsal was held on 22 January 2022, with approximately 4000 participants featuring in it",
34
+ "refs": [
35
+ "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118166/beijing-2022-opening-ceremony-rehearsal"
36
+ ]
37
+ }
38
+ ],
39
+ "subsections": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "section_title": "Proceedings",
43
+ "section_content": [
44
+ {
45
+ "sentence": "A 30-minute pre-show performance kicked off at 19:25, featuring square dancers aged from five to over 70 years old",
46
+ "refs": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "sentence": "Apart from the live performances, people from other Chinese cities joined the pre-show performances through video recording",
50
+ "refs": [
51
+ "https://www.macaubusiness.com/olympic-opening-ceremony-held-in-beijing/"
52
+ ]
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "sentence": "The pre-show performance was performed primarily by residents of Beijing and Hebei Province, showcasing the passion of the Chinese people in welcoming the Olympic Winter Games",
56
+ "refs": []
57
+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "sentence": "At 20:00, the words \"\u8fc7\u5e74\u597d\" (gu\u00f2ni\u00e1n h\u01ceo, lit",
60
+ "refs": []
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "sentence": "\"Happy New Year\") and \"Happy Chinese New Year\" appeared on the stage after the 30-minute long performances, symbolizing China's hospitality and celebrations of the traditional Chinese festival.",
64
+ "refs": []
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "sentence": "Chinese paramount leader Xi Jinping, Chinese First Lady Peng Liyuan, IOC President Thomas Bach, international dignitaries and various Chinese government officials arrived at the stadium before the official start of the ceremony, receiving huge cheers and welcome from the crowds and the performers from the pre-show performances",
68
+ "refs": []
69
+ }
70
+ ],
71
+ "subsections": [
72
+ {
73
+ "section_title": "Rites of spring: Countdown performance",
74
+ "section_content": [
75
+ {
76
+ "sentence": "The ceremony began with a 24-second countdown, which represented the 24th Winter Olympics as well as the 24 solar terms in the Chinese calendar, where Lichun (ecliptic longitude 315\u00b0), Feb 4, is generally regarded as the \"Beginning of spring\"",
77
+ "refs": [
78
+ "https://www.sportsnet.ca/olympics/article/olympic-cauldron-lit-officially-opening-beijing-winter-olympics/"
79
+ ]
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "sentence": "After the countdown, dancers carried tall and flexible glowing green stalks, showing the lifecycle of the dandelion, which eventually turned white and floated up into the sky as the seeds dispersed, followed by fireworks displaying the words \"\u7acb\u6625\" (l\u00ecch\u016bn, lit",
83
+ "refs": [
84
+ "https://www.macaubusiness.com/olympic-opening-ceremony-held-in-beijing/",
85
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/feb/04/beijing-2022-winter-olympics-opening-ceremony-11-key-moments"
86
+ ]
87
+ },
88
+ {
89
+ "sentence": "\"the beginning of spring\") and \"Spring\", celebrating the beginning of spring",
90
+ "refs": []
91
+ },
92
+ {
93
+ "sentence": "At the beginning of the ceremony, a film about Dundbulag rock carvings from Altay in the Altay Prefecture was shown",
94
+ "refs": [
95
+ "http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2022/0205/c1024-32345535.html"
96
+ ]
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "Skiing is likely to originate from Altay per the 2015 Altay Declaration made by scholars from 18 countries",
100
+ "refs": []
101
+ },
102
+ {
103
+ "sentence": "Chinese President Xi Jinping and IOC President Thomas Bach were then introduced by the MCs, receiving warm welcome from the crowds again",
104
+ "refs": []
105
+ }
106
+ ],
107
+ "subsections": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "section_title": "Entry of the National flag",
111
+ "section_content": [
112
+ {
113
+ "sentence": "Zhu De'en, a trumpeter, played a patriotic Chinese song \"My People, My Country\"",
114
+ "refs": []
115
+ },
116
+ {
117
+ "sentence": "Twelve children lifted the national flag of China and entered the stadium, symbolizing the legacy of Beijing 2008 opening ceremony",
118
+ "refs": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "sentence": "They then passed the national flag to a line of representatives from different strata of society and 56 ethnic groups of China, symbolizing national unity and the deep relationships between the national flag and the citizens",
122
+ "refs": []
123
+ },
124
+ {
125
+ "sentence": "The representatives then handed over the flag to 8 PLAGF Honor Guard soldiers, who then unfurled and raised the flag while the crowd sang the Chinese national anthem",
126
+ "refs": []
127
+ }
128
+ ],
129
+ "subsections": []
130
+ },
131
+ {
132
+ "section_title": "Olympic Rings Reveal",
133
+ "section_content": [
134
+ {
135
+ "sentence": "The Olympic Rings performance began with the giant LED screens showing a drop of ink that had fallen from the sky, turning into seething, rolling waves of the Yellow River, from which an ice cube crystallizes",
136
+ "refs": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "sentence": "24 \"laser beams\" sequentially \"carve\" the names of cities and countries of 23 previous Winter Olympics in Chinese and English on this cube",
140
+ "refs": []
141
+ },
142
+ {
143
+ "sentence": "The 24th was shown when the rays merged into a single beam, which \"cut out\" \"2022 BEIJING CHINA\"",
144
+ "refs": []
145
+ },
146
+ {
147
+ "sentence": "Six hockey players then entered the stadium and swung at a massive LED hockey puck",
148
+ "refs": []
149
+ },
150
+ {
151
+ "sentence": "It flew into the cube, slowly fracturing it as the five ice Olympic rings rose from behind",
152
+ "refs": []
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "sentence": "Next, a Chinese ice door opened behind them, and athletes began to enter the parade of nations",
156
+ "refs": []
157
+ }
158
+ ],
159
+ "subsections": []
160
+ },
161
+ {
162
+ "section_title": "Parade of nations",
163
+ "section_content": [
164
+ {
165
+ "sentence": "Following the formation of the ice Olympic rings, greetings appeared in the stadium in many languages of the world",
166
+ "refs": []
167
+ },
168
+ {
169
+ "sentence": "Per tradition, the national team of Greece, the country of origin of Olympics marched first",
170
+ "refs": []
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "sentence": "The country that will host the next Winter Olympics, Italy, marched before the host nation, China, which entered last",
174
+ "refs": []
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "The patriotic song \"Ode to the Motherland\" was played when China entered the stadium",
178
+ "refs": []
179
+ },
180
+ {
181
+ "sentence": "Other teams, in the same practice of the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics, entered in a collation method based on their countries names as written in Simplified Chinese characters and is similar to that used in Chinese dictionaries",
182
+ "refs": []
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "sentence": "The names were sorted by the number of strokes in the first character of the name, then by the stroke order of the character (in the stroke count method order), then the number of strokes and stroke order of the second character, then next character and so on",
186
+ "refs": []
187
+ },
188
+ {
189
+ "sentence": "In front of each country's delegation, a Chinese representative carried a snowflake-shaped sign with the name of the delegation in both English and Chinese",
190
+ "refs": [
191
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/sports/opening-ceremony-order-of-countries.html"
192
+ ]
193
+ },
194
+ {
195
+ "sentence": "After the parade, all such \"snowflakes\" of the participating delegations formed a large \"snowflake\" to symbolise the world coming together",
196
+ "refs": []
197
+ },
198
+ {
199
+ "sentence": "Background music used during the parade of nations:",
200
+ "refs": []
201
+ }
202
+ ],
203
+ "subsections": []
204
+ },
205
+ {
206
+ "section_title": "Opening of the Olympic Games",
207
+ "section_content": [
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "Cai Qi, President of the Beijing 2022 organizing committee delivered a speech to thank and welcome the athletes, offering words of peace and unity",
210
+ "refs": []
211
+ },
212
+ {
213
+ "sentence": "IOC President Thomas Bach then gave his speech in which he thanked China for being gracious hosts and also extended gratitude to those on the doctors and nurses combating the global COVID-19 pandemic",
214
+ "refs": [
215
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/live-updates/beijing-olympics-opening-ceremony/?id=82644432"
216
+ ]
217
+ },
218
+ {
219
+ "sentence": "Bach urged world leaders to \"give peace a chance\" amid the traditional Olympic truce and instructed athletes to \"show how the world would look like, if we all respect the same rules and each other\"",
220
+ "refs": [
221
+ "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-04/winter-olympics-opening-ceremony-live-blog/100805728",
222
+ "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118798/beijing-2022-opening-ceremony"
223
+ ]
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "He also called for the end of various types of discrimination, especially against Asians worldwide",
227
+ "refs": [
228
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/winter-olympics/60242407"
229
+ ]
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "sentence": "On IOC President Thomas Bach's invitation, Chinese President Xi Jinping declared the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing officially open.",
233
+ "refs": []
234
+ },
235
+ {
236
+ "sentence": "Fireworks then shined the sky, forming the shape of a \"Welcome Pine\", one of the symbols of the Huangshan, symbolizing China's warm welcome to guests from all over the world",
237
+ "refs": []
238
+ }
239
+ ],
240
+ "subsections": []
241
+ },
242
+ {
243
+ "section_title": "Tribute to the People",
244
+ "section_content": [
245
+ {
246
+ "sentence": "The performance began by a group of young people consisted of local and foreign university students, walking on the stage with the Chinese song \"Let the World be Filled with Love\" (\u8ba9\u4e16\u754c\u5145\u6ee1\u7231, R\u00e0ng sh\u00ecji\u00e8 ch\u014dngm\u01cen \u00e0i) sung in the background",
247
+ "refs": []
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "sentence": "After they walked past the stage, the slogan \"Together for a shared future\" (\u4e00\u8d77\u5411\u672a\u6765, Y\u012bq\u01d0 xi\u00e0ng w\u00e8il\u00e1i) in both English and Chinese appeared",
251
+ "refs": []
252
+ },
253
+ {
254
+ "sentence": "Later, a group of ice skaters on the LED floor, carving out paths for them to follow, all to the theme of John Lennon's \"Imagine\" cover song The Olympic motto \"Faster, Higher, Stronger - Together\" (Chinese: \u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u66f4\u9ad8\u3001\u66f4\u5f3a\u3001\u66f4\u56e2\u7ed3; pinyin: G\u00e8ng ku\u00e0i, g\u00e8ng g\u0101o, g\u00e8ng qi\u00e1ng, g\u00e8ng tu\u00e1nji\u00e9; lit",
255
+ "refs": [
256
+ "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118778/beijing-2022-opening-ceremony-live-blog",
257
+ "https://www.essentiallysports.com/beijing-winter-olympics-2022-us-sports-news-watch-china-pays-tribute-to-john-lennon-at-opening-ceremony-of-beijing-winter-olympics-2022/"
258
+ ]
259
+ },
260
+ {
261
+ "sentence": "'Faster', 'higher', 'stronger', 'more united') also in both English and Chinese then appeared",
262
+ "refs": []
263
+ }
264
+ ],
265
+ "subsections": []
266
+ },
267
+ {
268
+ "section_title": "Olympic Flag Entry and Raising",
269
+ "section_content": [
270
+ {
271
+ "sentence": "The Olympic Flag entered into the stadium",
272
+ "refs": []
273
+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "sentence": "The flag bearers were:",
276
+ "refs": []
277
+ },
278
+ {
279
+ "sentence": "The Olympic Anthem was sung in Greek by the Malanhua'er Children's Choir, a choir of 44 children from the mountains of Fuping County, Baoding, Hebei Province",
280
+ "refs": []
281
+ }
282
+ ],
283
+ "subsections": []
284
+ },
285
+ {
286
+ "section_title": "Oath taking",
287
+ "section_content": [
288
+ {
289
+ "sentence": "Cross-country skier Wang Qiang and snowboard halfpipe athlete Liu Jiayu represented the athletes sworn the Olympic oath, while aerials judge Tao Yongchun and head of the Chinese coaching team in snowboard parallel giant slalom Ji Xiao'ou represented judges and coaches, respectively.",
290
+ "refs": []
291
+ },
292
+ {
293
+ "sentence": "After the Olympic vows, a short film \"Champions of Tomorrow\" was shown on the screen of the stadium, showing toddlers taking their first steps in winter sports, set to the rendition of Chinese nursery rhyme Two Tigers",
294
+ "refs": []
295
+ },
296
+ {
297
+ "sentence": "Although the toddlers fell over and over again, they did not lose heart and persisted",
298
+ "refs": []
299
+ }
300
+ ],
301
+ "subsections": []
302
+ },
303
+ {
304
+ "section_title": "Snowflakes performance",
305
+ "section_content": [
306
+ {
307
+ "sentence": "In the performance, hundreds of children wandered around the center stage singing the theme song of the ceremony titled \u201cSnowflake\u201d",
308
+ "refs": []
309
+ },
310
+ {
311
+ "sentence": "The LED floor beneath them used large-scale motion capture to illuminate glows of snowflakes and stars under their feet",
312
+ "refs": []
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "sentence": "The children played happily, holding dove lamps and lanterns, leaving trails of glittering snowflakes as they went",
316
+ "refs": []
317
+ },
318
+ {
319
+ "sentence": "As the song and dance came to a close, the children surrounded a massive snowflake in a heart-shaped formation while singing",
320
+ "refs": [
321
+ "http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2022/0205/c1024-32345535.html"
322
+ ]
323
+ },
324
+ {
325
+ "sentence": "The large snowflake consisted of 91 snowflake-shaped placards used for each participating country during the \"Parade of Nations\"",
326
+ "refs": []
327
+ },
328
+ {
329
+ "sentence": "The snowflake theme ran through the entire ceremony representing solidarity and prosperity",
330
+ "refs": [
331
+ "https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/sports/beijing-winter-olympics/children-star-in-snowflake-performance-at-winter-olympics-opening-ceremony/2709933/"
332
+ ]
333
+ }
334
+ ],
335
+ "subsections": []
336
+ },
337
+ {
338
+ "section_title": "Arrival and lighting of the Olympic flame",
339
+ "section_content": [
340
+ {
341
+ "sentence": "At 22:10, the Olympic Flame from Olympia reached the stadium",
342
+ "refs": []
343
+ },
344
+ {
345
+ "sentence": "After the Olympic anthem, it was passed around the stadium by five athletes born in the 1950s (Zhao Weichang), 1960s (Li Yan), 1970s (Yang Yang (A)), 1980s (Su Bingtian) and 1990s (Zhou Yang)",
346
+ "refs": []
347
+ },
348
+ {
349
+ "sentence": "The final torch-runners were two athletes born in the 2000s: Skier Dinigeer Yilamujiang and Nordic mixed skier Zhao Jiawen, who fitted the torch carrying Olympic flame in the center of the large \"snowflake\" engraved with the names of the 91 countries competing",
350
+ "refs": []
351
+ },
352
+ {
353
+ "sentence": "For the first time in Olympic history the passing torch itself formed the main flame of the Olympic cauldron, known as a \"microflame\" (\u5fae\u706b, W\u00e9i hu\u01d2)",
354
+ "refs": [
355
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/winter-olympics/60242407"
356
+ ]
357
+ },
358
+ {
359
+ "sentence": "Director Zhang Yimou stated that the tiny flame symbolised environmental sustainability and set the standards for a \"carbon-neutral\" game",
360
+ "refs": []
361
+ },
362
+ {
363
+ "sentence": "The following were the seven final torch-runners:",
364
+ "refs": [
365
+ "http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2022/0205/c1024-32345535.html"
366
+ ]
367
+ },
368
+ {
369
+ "sentence": "Due to the backlash China received for the alleged Uyghur genocide, several Western media outlets speculated about the message China was intending to send with Dilnigeer's selection",
370
+ "refs": []
371
+ }
372
+ ],
373
+ "subsections": []
374
+ }
375
+ ]
376
+ },
377
+ {
378
+ "section_title": "Anthems",
379
+ "section_content": [],
380
+ "subsections": []
381
+ },
382
+ {
383
+ "section_title": "Dignitaries in attendance",
384
+ "section_content": [],
385
+ "subsections": [
386
+ {
387
+ "section_title": "Host nation",
388
+ "section_content": [],
389
+ "subsections": []
390
+ },
391
+ {
392
+ "section_title": "International",
393
+ "section_content": [
394
+ {
395
+ "sentence": "Heads of government and state",
396
+ "refs": []
397
+ },
398
+ {
399
+ "sentence": "Heads of international organizations",
400
+ "refs": []
401
+ },
402
+ {
403
+ "sentence": "Royalty",
404
+ "refs": []
405
+ },
406
+ {
407
+ "sentence": "Others",
408
+ "refs": []
409
+ }
410
+ ],
411
+ "subsections": []
412
+ }
413
+ ]
414
+ },
415
+ {
416
+ "section_title": "Controversy and concerns",
417
+ "section_content": [],
418
+ "subsections": [
419
+ {
420
+ "section_title": "Taiwan's participation",
421
+ "section_content": [
422
+ {
423
+ "sentence": "On 26 January 2022, a spokesperson of China's Taiwan Affairs Office \"incorrectly\" called the Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) team \"Taipei, China\"",
424
+ "refs": []
425
+ },
426
+ {
427
+ "sentence": "Later that day, Taiwan announced that their Olympic team would not attend the opening and closing ceremonies in Beijing, formally due to anti-COVID-19 rules and delayed flights",
428
+ "refs": []
429
+ },
430
+ {
431
+ "sentence": "The same day, another Taiwan official stated that Taiwan would be diplomatically boycotting the ceremonies as well",
432
+ "refs": [
433
+ "https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4425730",
434
+ "https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3814076"
435
+ ]
436
+ },
437
+ {
438
+ "sentence": "On 28 January 2022, a Taiwan official also stated concern that the Chinese Taipei (\u4e2d\u534e\u53f0\u5317) and Hong Kong, China (\u4e2d\u56fd\u9999\u6e2f) delegations would be adjacent to each other in the Parade of Nations due to the Chinese collation order, \"downgrading\" Taiwan's status",
439
+ "refs": [
440
+ "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118320/taiwan-officials-boycott-ceremonies"
441
+ ]
442
+ },
443
+ {
444
+ "sentence": "Between 29 January and 31 January 2022, the International Olympic Committee repeatedly contacted the Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee, stating that it was obligated to attend the ceremonies to \"comply with the Olympic Charter\"",
445
+ "refs": []
446
+ },
447
+ {
448
+ "sentence": "(The IOC had already suspended North Korea for not sending a team to the Tokyo Summer Games in violation of the Olympic Charter.) On 1 February 2022, Taiwanese officials relented on their boycott",
449
+ "refs": [
450
+ "https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4427969"
451
+ ]
452
+ },
453
+ {
454
+ "sentence": "According to attendees of the rehearsal of the opening ceremony, Japan and Chinese Taipei marched adjacently, followed by \"a few\" countries, followed by Hong Kong, preventing the Chinese Taipei and Hong Kong delegations from being adjacent",
455
+ "refs": [
456
+ "https://apnews.com/article/sports-china-beijing-2020-tokyo-olympics-taiwan-212a92d8c1efdd3a4fb0f1a92835fcb1"
457
+ ]
458
+ },
459
+ {
460
+ "sentence": "However, during the actual opening ceremony, Japan, Chinese Taipei, and Hong Kong marched adjacently in that order",
461
+ "refs": [
462
+ "http://www.uschinapress.com/static/content/SH/2022-01-29/936979897321402368.html"
463
+ ]
464
+ },
465
+ {
466
+ "sentence": "On China's state media, the broadcast of the opening ceremony cut away to a clip of Xi Jinping when the Chinese Taipei delegation paraded, while the broadcast's commentator announced the delegation's name as \"Taipei, China\"",
467
+ "refs": []
468
+ }
469
+ ],
470
+ "subsections": []
471
+ },
472
+ {
473
+ "section_title": "Ratings on NBC network",
474
+ "section_content": [
475
+ {
476
+ "sentence": "Groups critical of China's human rights record, urged viewers to boycott the 2022 Games on television",
477
+ "refs": []
478
+ },
479
+ {
480
+ "sentence": "In the United States, NBC's live broadcast of the ceremony was the lowest watched opening ceremony in U.S",
481
+ "refs": []
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "sentence": "history",
485
+ "refs": []
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "sentence": "TV coverage of the 2022 Games overall has continued to trend down in ratings since Pyeongchang 2018 and the Tokyo Games just six months prior, while streaming continued to see massive increases",
489
+ "refs": []
490
+ }
491
+ ],
492
+ "subsections": []
493
+ },
494
+ {
495
+ "section_title": "Hanbok controversy",
496
+ "section_content": [
497
+ {
498
+ "sentence": "Some South Korean people were angered and accused China of appropriating Korean culture as their own, as one of the performers representing the ethnic Koreans in China wore a traditional choson-ot when delivering the national flag of China",
499
+ "refs": []
500
+ },
501
+ {
502
+ "sentence": "Democratic Party presidential nominee Lee Jae-myung, People Power Party presidential nominee Yoon Suk-yeol, People's Party presidential candidate Ahn Cheol-soo joined the fray and expressed their discontent",
503
+ "refs": [
504
+ "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118863/moon-jae-in-beijing-2022-winter-olympics",
505
+ "https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220205002100315"
506
+ ]
507
+ },
508
+ {
509
+ "sentence": "However some South Koreans felt their politicians' reactions were misguided, and say that it was clear to them, that the woman was representing the estimated 2 million ethnic Koreans who live in China",
510
+ "refs": [
511
+ "https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/english_editorials/1030067.html"
512
+ ]
513
+ },
514
+ {
515
+ "sentence": "The Chinese Embassy in South Korea responded that China respected the historical and cultural traditions of South Korea, and hanbok belongs to ethnic Koreans everywhere, including in China",
516
+ "refs": [
517
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/korea-politicians-criticize-china-traditional-dress-82690612"
518
+ ]
519
+ }
520
+ ],
521
+ "subsections": []
522
+ }
523
+ ]
524
+ },
525
+ {
526
+ "section_title": "See also",
527
+ "section_content": [],
528
+ "subsections": []
529
+ }
530
+ ],
531
+ "references": {
532
+ "1": "https://olympics.com/ioc/news/olympic-and-paralympic-winter-games-beijing-2022-updates-on-spectators-vaccination-and-covid-19-countermeasures",
533
+ "2": "https://olympics.com/ioc/faq/games-ceremonies-and-protocol/how-do-the-olympic-games-opening-and-closing-ceremonies-take-place",
534
+ "3": "https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/3/185651/Chinese-director-Zhang-Yimou-to-oversee-opening-ceremony-of-2022-Winter-Olympics%C2%A0",
535
+ "4": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/feb/04/beijing-2022-winter-olympics-opening-ceremony-live",
536
+ "5": "https://www.yahoo.com/video/us-applies-visas-18-officials-181029193.html",
537
+ "6": "https://nypost.com/2021/12/27/us-says-diplomats-going-to-beijing-to-help-athletes-after-china-blasts-boycott/",
538
+ "7": "https://www.techradar.com/news/china-built-the-worlds-largest-led-screen-for-the-2022-winter-olympics-opening-ceremony",
539
+ "8": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/03/sports/olympics/a-familiar-face-will-again-direct-the-opening-ceremony-in-beijing.html",
540
+ "9": "https://www.scmp.com/sport/china/article/3163068/beijing-2022-chinese-director-zhang-yimou-hopes-lift-spirits-pandemic",
541
+ "10": "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118166/beijing-2022-opening-ceremony-rehearsal",
542
+ "11": "https://www.macaubusiness.com/olympic-opening-ceremony-held-in-beijing/",
543
+ "12": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501019513/splendid-opening-ceremony-raises-curtain-on-games/",
544
+ "13": "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118778/beijing-2022-opening-ceremony-live-blog",
545
+ "14": "https://www.sportsnet.ca/olympics/article/olympic-cauldron-lit-officially-opening-beijing-winter-olympics/",
546
+ "15": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/feb/04/beijing-2022-winter-olympics-opening-ceremony-11-key-moments",
547
+ "16": "http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2022/0205/c1024-32345535.html",
548
+ "17": "https://natives-outdoors.com/temoajournal/2020/2/17/the-origins-of-skiing-are-indigenous-and-10000-years-old",
549
+ "18": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/worlds-first-huge-chinese-calligraphy-134500958.html",
550
+ "19": "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118798/beijing-2022-opening-ceremony",
551
+ "20": "https://www.bbc.com/sport/winter-olympics/60242407",
552
+ "21": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/sports/opening-ceremony-order-of-countries.html",
553
+ "22": "https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/live-updates/beijing-olympics-opening-ceremony/?id=82644432",
554
+ "23": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-02-04/winter-olympics-opening-ceremony-live-blog/100805728",
555
+ "24": "https://www.essentiallysports.com/beijing-winter-olympics-2022-us-sports-news-watch-china-pays-tribute-to-john-lennon-at-opening-ceremony-of-beijing-winter-olympics-2022/",
556
+ "25": "http://wap.xinmin.cn/content/32109029.html",
557
+ "26": "https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/sports/beijing-winter-olympics/children-star-in-snowflake-performance-at-winter-olympics-opening-ceremony/2709933/",
558
+ "27": "https://www.scmp.com/sport/china/article/3165949/tiny-olympic-flame-mocked-director-zhang-yimou-says-it-sets-new",
559
+ "28": "https://www.npr.org/2022/02/04/1078234213/beijing-olympics-flame-torch-uyghur",
560
+ "29": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/2022/02/04/dinigeer-yilamujiang-olympic-flame-lighting/",
561
+ "30": "https://apnews.com/article/winter-olympics-uyghur-torchbearer-1f30da11687c7ff25ceedf651e5618a1",
562
+ "31": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/04/sports/olympics/cauldron-lighting-opening-ceremony-uyghur-china.html",
563
+ "32": "https://slate.com/culture/2022/02/nbc-winter-olympics-uyghur-torchbearer-opening-ceremony-beijing.html",
564
+ "33": "https://www.nbc.com/nbc-nightly-news/video/chinas-human-rights-record-slammed-as-beijing-olympics-kick-off/490821668",
565
+ "34": "https://www.npr.org/2022/02/04/1078234213/beijing-olympics-flame-torch-uyghur",
566
+ "35": "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1117773/beijing-2022-ocog-appointments-olympics",
567
+ "36": "https://www.reuters.com/markets/asia/argentinas-fernandez-set-china-russia-tour-after-imf-accord-2022-02-01/",
568
+ "37": "https://tw.news.yahoo.com/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%86%AC%E5%A5%A7%E5%80%92%E6%95%B8%E4%B8%AD-%E7%BF%92%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3%E5%B0%87%E5%87%BA%E5%B8%AD%E9%96%8B%E5%B9%95%E5%BC%8F%E8%88%87%E8%BF%8E%E8%B3%93%E5%AE%B4%E6%9C%83-083202339.html",
569
+ "38": "https://www.dailysabah.com/sports/world-leaders-to-attend-beijing-olympics-despite-boycott-calls/news",
570
+ "39": "https://olympic.kz/en/article/25000-prezident-kazakhstana-kasym-zhomart-tokaev-poluchil-priglashenie-stat-gostem-tseremonii-otkrytiya-olimpiady-2022-v-pekine",
571
+ "40": "https://akipress.com/news:667263:President_Japarov_switches_to_remote_work_in_connection_with_planned_visit_to_China/",
572
+ "41": "https://sports.sina.com.cn/beijing2022/zgjt/2022-01-31/doc-ikyakumy3640100.shtml",
573
+ "42": "https://gogo.mn/r/wvwk5",
574
+ "43": "https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/924896-pm-imran-khan-to-attend-beijing-olympics-2022-opening-ceremony-amid-wests-boycott",
575
+ "44": "https://www.geo.tv/latest/392215-pm-imran-khan-likely-to-attend-winter-olympics",
576
+ "45": "https://hongkongfp.com/2022/01/28/which-world-leaders-are-attending-chinas-winter-olympics-despite-us-led-boycott/",
577
+ "46": "https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/polands-president-attend-beijing-olympics-amidst-us-boycott-2022-01-18/",
578
+ "47": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/09/16/putin-to-attend-2022-beijing-olympics-minister-a75068",
579
+ "48": "https://www.danas.rs/sport/pocela-ceremonija-otvaranja-zimskih-olimpijskih-igara-u-pekingu",
580
+ "49": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-25/china-gets-five-central-asian-leaders-to-attend-olympics",
581
+ "50": "https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2022/01/802_322895.html?gonw",
582
+ "51": "https://www.trtworld.com/sport/un-chief-to-attend-beijing-olympics-despite-boycott-from-us-and-allies-52484",
583
+ "52": "https://hd.stheadline.com/news/realtime/chi/2303401/%E5%8D%B3%E6%99%82-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B-30%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E6%94%BF%E8%A6%81%E5%8F%83%E5%8A%A0%E5%86%AC%E5%A5%A7%E9%96%8B%E5%B9%95%E5%BC%8F",
584
+ "53": "https://www.saudigazette.com.sa/article/616674/SAUDI-ARABIA/Historic-moment-for-Kingdom-as-first-ever-Saudi-Winter-Olympics-delegation-arrives-in-Beijing",
585
+ "54": "https://euobserver.com/world/154290",
586
+ "55": "https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/repeat-olympics-which-world-leaders-are-going-who-is-not-2022-02-02/",
587
+ "56": "https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/112556/Egyptian-President-Sisi-meets-with-Emir-of-Qatar-in-Beijing",
588
+ "57": "https://www.pattayamail.com/thailandnews/thai-princess-sirindhorn-will-attend-the-opening-ceremony-of-2022-winter-olympic-games-388387",
589
+ "58": "https://www.news.az/news/azerbaijans-deputy-pm-to-attend-beijing-olympics-opening-ceremony",
590
+ "59": "https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/senior-japanese-officials-skip-beijing-olympics-report-2021-12-11/",
591
+ "60": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2021/12/11/national/politics-diplomacy/japan-china-olympic-boycott-beijing/",
592
+ "61": "https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2021/12/674ae8ca3073-breaking-news-japan-eyes-not-sending-senior-officials-to-beijing-olympics-sources.html",
593
+ "62": "https://udn.com/news/story/7331/6075131",
594
+ "63": "https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20211209-france-will-not-join-boycott-of-beijing-olympics-seeking-common-eu-stance",
595
+ "64": "https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220125006400315",
596
+ "65": "https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220125004800315",
597
+ "66": "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1117850/novak-budapest-visit-fiteq",
598
+ "67": "https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4425730",
599
+ "68": "https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/breakingnews/3814076",
600
+ "69": "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118320/taiwan-officials-boycott-ceremonies",
601
+ "70": "https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/sports/team-taiwan-wont-be-winter-games-opening-ceremony-2022-01-28/",
602
+ "71": "https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4427969",
603
+ "72": "https://apnews.com/article/sports-china-beijing-2020-tokyo-olympics-taiwan-212a92d8c1efdd3a4fb0f1a92835fcb1",
604
+ "73": "http://www.uschinapress.com/static/content/SH/2022-01-29/936979897321402368.html",
605
+ "74": "https://flipr.com.ar/nacionales/ultimo-momento/a-collection-of-smaller-yet-interesting-moments-from-the-opening-ceremony-of-beijing-2022/",
606
+ "75": "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118778/updates/71803",
607
+ "76": "https://time.com/6145179/beijing-olympics-opening-ceremony-politics/",
608
+ "77": "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118867/nbc-records-lowest-viewing-figure-ever",
609
+ "78": "https://www.thestar.com/sports/olympics/2022/02/08/several-factors-contribute-to-nbcs-low-olympic-ratings.html",
610
+ "79": "https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1118863/moon-jae-in-beijing-2022-winter-olympics",
611
+ "80": "https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220205002100315",
612
+ "81": "https://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/english_editorials/1030067.html",
613
+ "82": "https://abcnews.go.com/Sports/wireStory/korea-politicians-criticize-china-traditional-dress-82690612",
614
+ "83": "https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/chinese-embassy-defends-use-of-korean-dress-in-olympic-ceremony/47330482"
615
+ },
616
+ "spicy_entities": {
617
+ "2022": "DATE",
618
+ "winter olympics": "EVENT",
619
+ "beijing national stadium": "FAC",
620
+ "china": "GPE",
621
+ "4 february 2022": "DATE",
622
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623
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624
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625
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626
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627
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628
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629
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630
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631
+ "10,552 square metres": "QUANTITY",
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633
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634
+ "the international olympic committee": "ORG",
635
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636
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637
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638
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652
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657
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660
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661
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662
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663
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668
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+ "2015": "DATE",
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+ "the malanhua'er children's choir": "ORG",
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713
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+ "champions of tomorrow": "WORK_OF_ART",
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769
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+ },
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789
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790
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795
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796
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799
+ "nbc",
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801
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802
+ "plagf honor guard",
803
+ "chinese taipei olympic committee",
804
+ "english",
805
+ "olympic",
806
+ "beijing national stadium",
807
+ "two tigers",
808
+ "uyghur",
809
+ "spring",
810
+ "asians",
811
+ "tokyo games",
812
+ "hanbok",
813
+ "beginning of spring",
814
+ "chinese communist party",
815
+ "lichun",
816
+ "ji xiao'ou",
817
+ "huangshan",
818
+ "altay",
819
+ "snowflake\u201d",
820
+ "xi jinping",
821
+ "2022 games",
822
+ "simplified chinese",
823
+ "summer olympics",
824
+ "olympia",
825
+ "hebei province",
826
+ "ioc",
827
+ "zhang yimou",
828
+ "my people, my country",
829
+ "tokyo summer games",
830
+ "international olympic committee",
831
+ "dundbulag",
832
+ "lee jae-myung",
833
+ "baoding",
834
+ "beijing china",
835
+ "olympics",
836
+ "south korean",
837
+ "john lennon",
838
+ "skier dinigeer yilamujiang",
839
+ "yoon suk-yeol",
840
+ "ode to the motherland",
841
+ "chinese",
842
+ "altay prefecture",
843
+ "faster, higher, stronger - together",
844
+ "thomas bach",
845
+ "zhou yang",
846
+ "international heads of government",
847
+ "zhu de'en",
848
+ "beijing",
849
+ "ahn cheol-soo",
850
+ "bird's nest",
851
+ "people power party",
852
+ "happy chinese new year",
853
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854
+ "south korea",
855
+ "altay declaration",
856
+ "korean",
857
+ "chinese taipei",
858
+ "people's party",
859
+ "happy new year",
860
+ "zhao jiawen",
861
+ "hong kong",
862
+ "united states",
863
+ "champions of tomorrow",
864
+ "koreans",
865
+ "north korea",
866
+ "china",
867
+ "yang yang",
868
+ "nordic",
869
+ "the olympic",
870
+ "japan",
871
+ "olympic charter",
872
+ "western",
873
+ "taiwan affairs office",
874
+ "olympic flag entry",
875
+ "south koreans",
876
+ "yellow river",
877
+ "parade of nations",
878
+ "olympic anthem",
879
+ "let the world be filled with love",
880
+ "olympic winter games",
881
+ "pyeongchang 2018",
882
+ "li yan",
883
+ "u.s.",
884
+ "dilnigeer",
885
+ "led",
886
+ "y\u012bq\u01d0 xi\u00e0ng w\u00e8il\u00e1i",
887
+ "2022",
888
+ "covid-19",
889
+ "italy",
890
+ "bach",
891
+ "r\u00e0ng sh\u00ecji\u00e8 ch\u014dngm\u01cen \u00e0i",
892
+ "liu jiayu",
893
+ "peng liyuan",
894
+ "cai qi",
895
+ "winter olympics",
896
+ "wang qiang",
897
+ "greek",
898
+ "raising the olympic flag"
899
+ ]
900
+ }
json/2022_World_Figure_Skating_Championships.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ {
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+ "title": "2022_World_Figure_Skating_Championships",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_World_Figure_Skating_Championships",
4
+ "summary": "The 2022 World Figure Skating Championships were held in Montpellier, France from March 21\u201327, 2022. Figure skaters competed for the title of world champion in men's singles, women's singles, pairs, and ice dance. The competition was used to determine the entry quotas for each federation at the 2023 World Championships. \nMontpellier was announced as the host in June 2019. It is the first time that Montpellier has ever hosted the World Championships, and the first time that France has hosted since 2012.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Background",
8
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The tournament was notable for several high-profile absences",
11
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On March 1, 2022, the ISU banned figure skaters and officials from Russia and Belarus from attending all international competitions due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
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+ "sentence": "World champions in three of the four disciplines (as well as several other medalists) were barred from competing as a result",
19
+ "refs": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "The Chinese Skating Association opted not to send any skaters to the competition",
23
+ "refs": [
24
+ "https://isu.org/isu-news/news/145-news/14024-isu-statement-on-the-ukrainian-crisis-participation-in-international-competitions-of-skaters-and-officials-from-russia-and-belarus?templateParam=15"
25
+ ]
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "sentence": "Several leading competitors, such as Nathan Chen and Yuzuru Hanyu withdrew from the World Championship due to injury",
29
+ "refs": [
30
+ "https://www.cbc.ca/sports/the-buzzer-figure-skating-world-championships-preview-1.6393780"
31
+ ]
32
+ }
33
+ ],
34
+ "subsections": [
35
+ {
36
+ "section_title": "Controversy",
37
+ "section_content": [
38
+ {
39
+ "sentence": "During the men's short program on March 24, one judge received backlash from fans and the media for voting that Ukrainian skater Ivan Shmuratko had committed a \"costume/prop violation\" for wearing the Ukrainian national team's training clothes rather than his costume",
40
+ "refs": []
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+ },
42
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Shmuratko did not receive a deduction due to a majority of judges' votes being required, and the crowd gave him a standing ovation for his performance",
44
+ "refs": [
45
+ "https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2022/03/24/mens-short-program-world-figure-skating-championships/"
46
+ ]
47
+ },
48
+ {
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+ "sentence": "On the same day, one day prior to the rhythm dance, the ISU rejected Ukrainian ice dancers Oleksandra Nazarova / Maksym Nikitin's proposed program set to music by Ukrainian artists that included a 15-second snippet of a speech by Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy in the Ukrainian language calling for peace; the ISU cited the speech portion of the program as \"propaganda\"",
50
+ "refs": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Following intervention by their federation, Nazarova/Nikitin were allowed to compete using a version featuring only music, and like teammate Shmuratko, they also wore the colors of the Ukrainian national team rather than their costumes and received a standing ovation",
54
+ "refs": [
55
+ "https://ufsf.com.ua/%d0%b7%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d0%b4%d0%be-isu/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Despite limited training time leading up to the event, they said that they wanted to perform the new program set to \"1944\" by Jamala and Ukrainian folk song \"Oi u luzi chervona kalyna\" performed by Andriy Khlyvnyuk of BoomBox to \"express what they are living through.\" After the rhythm dance, Ukrainian Figure Skating Federation president Mikhail Makarov issued an appeal to ISU president Jan Dijkema and National Olympic Committee of Ukraine president Sergey Bubka asking for help in understanding the rationale behind the ISU's decision",
60
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://ufsf.com.ua/%d0%b7%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d0%b4%d0%be-isu/",
62
+ "https://www.insider.com/ukrainian-skaters-earn-standing-ovations-world-championships-video-2022-3",
63
+ "https://www.ifsmagazine.com/skating-community-rallies-for-ukraine/"
64
+ ]
65
+ },
66
+ {
67
+ "sentence": "Nazarova/Nikitin later withdrew from the free dance due to feeling that performing their upbeat Moulin Rouge! program was inappropriate in light of the ongoing conflict in Ukraine",
68
+ "refs": [
69
+ "https://ufsf.com.ua/%d0%b7%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d0%b4%d0%be-isu/"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "section_title": "Qualification",
79
+ "section_content": [],
80
+ "subsections": [
81
+ {
82
+ "section_title": "Age and minimum TES requirements",
83
+ "section_content": [
84
+ {
85
+ "sentence": "Skaters were eligible for the 2022 World Championships if they turned 15 years of age before July 1, 2021, and if they met the minimum technical elements score requirements",
86
+ "refs": []
87
+ },
88
+ {
89
+ "sentence": "The ISU accepted scores if they were obtained at senior-level ISU-recognized international competitions during the ongoing season at least 21 days before the first official practice day of the championships or during the two preceding seasons (adjusted from the traditional one due to the pandemic)",
90
+ "refs": []
91
+ }
92
+ ],
93
+ "subsections": []
94
+ },
95
+ {
96
+ "section_title": "Number of entries per discipline",
97
+ "section_content": [
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "Based on the results of the 2021 World Championships, each ISU member nation can field one to three entries per discipline",
100
+ "refs": []
101
+ }
102
+ ],
103
+ "subsections": []
104
+ }
105
+ ]
106
+ },
107
+ {
108
+ "section_title": "Schedule",
109
+ "section_content": [],
110
+ "subsections": []
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "section_title": "Entries",
114
+ "section_content": [
115
+ {
116
+ "sentence": "Member nations began announcing their selections in December 2021",
117
+ "refs": []
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "sentence": "The International Skating Union published a complete list of entries on March 2, 2022",
121
+ "refs": []
122
+ }
123
+ ],
124
+ "subsections": [
125
+ {
126
+ "section_title": "Changes to preliminary entries",
127
+ "section_content": [],
128
+ "subsections": []
129
+ }
130
+ ]
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "section_title": "Medal summary",
134
+ "section_content": [],
135
+ "subsections": [
136
+ {
137
+ "section_title": "Medalists",
138
+ "section_content": [
139
+ {
140
+ "sentence": "Medals awarded to the skaters who achieve the highest overall placements in each discipline:",
141
+ "refs": []
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "sentence": "Small medals awarded to the skaters who achieve the highest short program or rhythm dance placements in each discipline:",
145
+ "refs": []
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "sentence": "Medals awarded to the skaters who achieve the highest free skating or free dance placements in each discipline:",
149
+ "refs": []
150
+ }
151
+ ],
152
+ "subsections": []
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "section_title": "Medals by country",
156
+ "section_content": [
157
+ {
158
+ "sentence": "Table of medals for overall placement:",
159
+ "refs": []
160
+ },
161
+ {
162
+ "sentence": "*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Host nation (France)",
163
+ "refs": []
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "sentence": "Table of small medals for placement in the short/rhythm segment:",
167
+ "refs": []
168
+ },
169
+ {
170
+ "sentence": "*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Host nation (France)",
171
+ "refs": []
172
+ },
173
+ {
174
+ "sentence": "Table of small medals for placement in the free segment:",
175
+ "refs": []
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+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "sentence": "*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Host nation (France)",
179
+ "refs": []
180
+ }
181
+ ],
182
+ "subsections": []
183
+ }
184
+ ]
185
+ },
186
+ {
187
+ "section_title": "Records",
188
+ "section_content": [
189
+ {
190
+ "sentence": "The following new ISU best scores were set during this competition:",
191
+ "refs": []
192
+ }
193
+ ],
194
+ "subsections": []
195
+ },
196
+ {
197
+ "section_title": "Results",
198
+ "section_content": [],
199
+ "subsections": [
200
+ {
201
+ "section_title": "Men",
202
+ "section_content": [
203
+ {
204
+ "sentence": "With Shoma Uno earning gold and Yuma Kagiyama taking silver, Japan placed at least one man on the podium for an eighth consecutive World Championships",
205
+ "refs": []
206
+ },
207
+ {
208
+ "sentence": "Uno's title is the country's first in men's singles since 2017.",
209
+ "refs": []
210
+ }
211
+ ],
212
+ "subsections": []
213
+ },
214
+ {
215
+ "section_title": "Women",
216
+ "section_content": [
217
+ {
218
+ "sentence": "The ban against Russian and Belarusian skaters seriously affected the women's singles competition as Russian skaters won 5 of the 6 last World titles in the discipline",
219
+ "refs": []
220
+ },
221
+ {
222
+ "sentence": "They also won 5 of the 6 World medals awarded during the last two World Championships, including a podium sweep in 2021.",
223
+ "refs": []
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "Kaori Sakamoto of Japan won the country's first medal since 2018 and the first title since Mao Asada in 2014",
227
+ "refs": []
228
+ },
229
+ {
230
+ "sentence": "Silver medalist Loena Hendrickx of Belgium won the country's first ISU Championships medal in women's singles, while bronze medalist Alysa Liu of the United States won the country's first medal since Ashley Wagner in 2016",
231
+ "refs": []
232
+ },
233
+ {
234
+ "sentence": "It was the first podium featuring skaters representing three different countries since 2014.",
235
+ "refs": []
236
+ }
237
+ ],
238
+ "subsections": []
239
+ },
240
+ {
241
+ "section_title": "Pairs",
242
+ "section_content": [
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "Due to the ban against Russian skaters and the Chinese Skating Association's decision not to send any skaters to compete, none of top five pairs from the 2022 Winter Olympics participated at this event",
245
+ "refs": []
246
+ },
247
+ {
248
+ "sentence": "The final number of participants (14 pairs) was the lowest since 1989.",
249
+ "refs": []
250
+ },
251
+ {
252
+ "sentence": "Alexa Knierim / Brandon Frazier of the United States won the country's first pairs medal since Kyoko Ina / John Zimmerman earned bronze in 2002; it was also the first World title for the country since Tai Babilonia / Randy Gardner won in 1979",
253
+ "refs": []
254
+ },
255
+ {
256
+ "sentence": "Japan's Riku Miura / Ryuichi Kihara earned the highest-ever placement for a Japanese pair with their silver medal finish",
257
+ "refs": [
258
+ "https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220326046300007"
259
+ ]
260
+ },
261
+ {
262
+ "sentence": "Americans Ashley Cain-Gribble / Timothy LeDuc, who were in second place after the short program, withdrew after a fall by Cain-Gribble during their free skate which necessitated her to be stretchered from the ice and hospitalized.",
263
+ "refs": [
264
+ "https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2022/03/24/figure-skating-world-championships-pairs-alexa-knierim-brandon-frazier/"
265
+ ]
266
+ }
267
+ ],
268
+ "subsections": []
269
+ },
270
+ {
271
+ "section_title": "Ice dance",
272
+ "section_content": [],
273
+ "subsections": []
274
+ }
275
+ ]
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "section_title": "Notes",
279
+ "section_content": [],
280
+ "subsections": []
281
+ },
282
+ {
283
+ "section_title": "References",
284
+ "section_content": [],
285
+ "subsections": []
286
+ },
287
+ {
288
+ "section_title": "External links",
289
+ "section_content": [],
290
+ "subsections": []
291
+ }
292
+ ],
293
+ "references": {
294
+ "14": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "1": "https://isu.org/docman-documents-links/isu-files/event-documents/figure-skating-4/2021-22/championships-36/announcements-115/26106-isu-world-figure-skating-championships-2022-announcement/file",
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+ "2": "https://www.isu.org/media-centre/press-releases/2019-6/21449-provisional-allotments-of-isu-championships-2021-and-2022/file",
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+ "3": "https://isu.org/isu-news/news/145-news/14024-isu-statement-on-the-ukrainian-crisis-participation-in-international-competitions-of-skaters-and-officials-from-russia-and-belarus?templateParam=15",
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+ "4": "https://www.cbc.ca/sports/the-buzzer-figure-skating-world-championships-preview-1.6393780",
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+ "5": "https://www.usfigureskating.org/news/press-release/us-figure-skating-announces-changes-2022-us-world-figure-skating-team",
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+ "6": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220312234358/https://sports.yahoo.com/injured-skating-star-hanyu-miss-090631363.html",
301
+ "7": "https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2022/03/24/mens-short-program-world-figure-skating-championships/",
302
+ "8": "https://www.eurosport.com/figure-skating/world-championships/2021-2022/my-heart-is-aching-ukraines-ivan-shmuratko-wows-with-most-moving-routine-at-world-figure-skating-cha_sto8858759/story.shtml",
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+ "9": "https://ufsf.com.ua/%d0%b7%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%bd%d1%8f-%d0%b4%d0%be-isu/",
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+ "10": "https://www.insider.com/ukrainian-skaters-earn-standing-ovations-world-championships-video-2022-3",
305
+ "11": "https://www.ifsmagazine.com/skating-community-rallies-for-ukraine/",
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+ "12": "https://europeonice.com/2022/04/01/nazarova-and-nikitin-ukrainian-display-of-courage-and-defiance-on-world-stage/",
307
+ "13": "https://www.isu.org/inside-isu/isu-communications/communications/25960-isu-communication-2406/file",
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+ "15": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220419122105/https://montpellier2022.com/en/competition-3/program/",
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+ "16": "https://results.isu.org/events/fsevent00111055.htm",
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+ "17": "http://results.isu.org/events/wc2022_Men.htm",
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+ "21": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CakC6eAqTzA/",
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+ "22": "https://skatecanada.ca/2022/01/skate-canada-names-teams-for-2022-isu-championships/",
316
+ "23": "https://www.stll.fi/2022/02/28/yksinluistelun-ja-jaatanssin-mm-valinnat/",
317
+ "24": "https://www.ffsg.org/La-selection-francaise-pour-les-Championnats-du-Monde-de-Montpellier",
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+ "25": "https://www.eislauf-union.de/media1/news/786-deu-team-f%C3%BCr-eiskunstlauf-weltmeisterschaften-2022-in-montpellier-nominiert",
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+ "26": "https://www.iceskating.org.uk/post/selections-for-isu-world-figure-skating-championships-2022",
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+ "27": "https://www.skatingjapan.or.jp/common/img/info/world_2022.pdf",
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+ "28": "https://knsb.nl/nieuws/lindsay-van-zundert-en-daria-danilova-michel-tsiba-naar-wk-kunstrijden/",
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+ "29": "https://www.usfigureskating.org/news/press-release/us-figure-skating-announces-womens-selections-world-four-continents-teams",
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+ "30": "https://www.lesoir.be/427596/article/2022-03-02/loena-hendrickx-repechee-de-justesse-pour-les-mondiaux-de-patinage",
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+ "31": "https://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/winter/figure-skating/kirsten-moore-towers-michael-marinaro-world-championships-1.6394170",
325
+ "32": "https://www.przegladsportowy.pl/sporty-zimowe/lyzwiarstwo/mistrzostwa-swiata-bez-polskich-olimpijczykow/w0j5rce",
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+ "33": "https://sport.ceskatelevize.cz/clanek/krasobrusleni/sportovni-dvojice-zukova-bidar-nebude-zavodit-na-ms-ve-francii-za-vse-muze-zraneni/6231df167ebea1e7f1edef99",
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+ "36": "https://www.skatingjapan.or.jp/common/img/info/WFSC_Kao%20Miura.pdf",
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+ "37": "https://www.donga.com/news/Sports/article/all/20220318/112392150/1",
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+ "38": "https://www.sports.kz/news/kazahstan-uznal-plohie-novosti-pered-startom-chempionata-mira-2022-podrobnosti",
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+ "42": "http://www.isuresults.com/results/season2122/wc2022/CAT003EN.htm",
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+ {
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+ "title": "2023_Emilia-Romagna_floods",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Emilia-Romagna_floods",
4
+ "summary": "A series of floods were in and around the cities of Bologna, Cesena, Forl\u00ec, Faenza, Ravenna, and Rimini, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. The first floods occurred between 2 and 3 May 2023, killing two people. More severe floods took place on 16\u201317 May 2023, killing at least 15 people and displacing 50,000 others.The same amount of rain which usually falls in seven months fell in two weeks, causing the overflow of twenty-three rivers across the region. In some areas, almost half the annual average of rain fell in only 36 hours. Moreover, 400 landslides occurred in the area and 43 cities and towns were flooded. The provisional cost of the damage caused by the floods amounts to more than \u20ac10 billion (US$11 billion).",
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+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "History",
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+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Following months of severe drought, heavy rains hit the Italian region between 2 and 3 May 2023, particularly within the provinces of Bologna and Ravenna",
11
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2023/05/24/alluvione-emilia-romagna-regione-danni-oltre-7-miliardi-alert-acque-contaminate/7171370/"
13
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Some rivers overflowed in Romagna, causing widespread damage in the plains and killing two people",
17
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 12 May, the Metropolitan City of Bologna was hit by a cloudburst, which caused minor floods",
21
+ "refs": [
22
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230517230603/https://www.ansa.it/canale_scienza_tecnica/notizie/terra_poli/2023/05/04/lalluvione-in-emilia-romagna-innescata-da-mesi-di-siccita-_1208a01c-7242-4d12-a6d2-ac3f36a1ddc2.html"
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+ ]
24
+ },
25
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The long-time effects of the drought and the persistent bad weather prevented the soil from draining; by 16 May, another storm\u2014known as Storm Minerva\u2014hit the region with uninterrupted heavy rain for almost two days",
27
+ "refs": []
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+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "sentence": "Twenty-three rivers across the region burst their banks",
31
+ "refs": []
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+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "sentence": "Fifteen people were killed during the floods; seven people died between Cesena and Forl\u00ec, seven died in Ravenna, and another one in San Lazzaro di Savena, near Bologna",
35
+ "refs": [
36
+ "https://www.dire.it/12-05-2023/907388-bologna-bomba-acqua-via-saffi-maltempo/",
37
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/cronaca/alluvione-morti-geq82yr7"
38
+ ]
39
+ },
40
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Damages also occurred in the Apennine areas, with more than 400 landslides counted across the four Italian provinces",
42
+ "refs": [
43
+ "https://www.ansa.it/emiliaromagna/notizie/2023/05/23/alluvione-in-emilia-romagna-la-procura-di-ravenna-apre-un-fascicolo-per-disastro-colposo_79479deb-743b-4fae-a3d2-2e7de2e34dd3.html",
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+ "https://www.corriere.it/cronache/23_maggio_17/morti-maltempo-emilia-romagna-chi-vittime-a7a9a808-f483-11ed-b7d9-7d259dd28bda.shtml",
45
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/bologna/cronaca/cade-pozzo-muore-annegato-san-lazzaro-diretta-ke6pfaar"
46
+ ]
47
+ },
48
+ {
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+ "sentence": "More than 50,000 people were displaced, with more than 4,800 of them finding temporary shelter in hotels and gyms indicated by local administrations",
50
+ "refs": [
51
+ "https://amp.tgcom24.mediaset.it/tgcom24/article/64950230",
52
+ "https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2023/05/17/news/frane_alluvione_appennino_paesi_isolati-400558477/",
53
+ "https://www.rainews.it/maratona/2023/05/emilia-romagna-inondata-9-morti-e-ancora-allerta-rossa-oltre-20mila-gli-sfollati-nuova-33925c4e-54fb-456b-b33f-5d2924bdbc27.html"
54
+ ]
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "sentence": "While the storm ended in the afternoon of 17 May, other floods occurred on the following days",
58
+ "refs": [
59
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/19/alluvione-emilia-romagna-soccorsi/"
60
+ ]
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "sentence": "Notably, the town of Lugo, near Ravenna, was completely flooded on the morning of 18 May, while Russi, in the same area, was evacuated on 19 May due to the overflow of the Emilia-Romagna Channel",
64
+ "refs": [
65
+ "https://www.wired.it/article/emilia-romagna-alluvione-stato-di-calamita-naturale/",
66
+ "https://www.fanpage.it/live/maltempo-in-emilia-romagna-5-morti-e-14-fiumi-esondati-continua-lallerta-rossa-per-le-piogge/"
67
+ ]
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+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "sentence": "On 19 May, rain started to fall again",
71
+ "refs": [
72
+ "https://www.rainews.it/video/2023/05/alluvione-a-lugo-citta-inondata-ce-chi-prova-a-lasciare-le-case-abac8844-5ad1-4135-9d34-18087566c31e.html",
73
+ "https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2023/05/19/diretta/emilia_romagna_alluvione_maltempo_allerta_meteo-400774684/?ref=RHLF-BG-I400748377-P1-S1-T1"
74
+ ]
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "sentence": "On 20 May, alert remained high in the territory of Ravenna, where 36,000 people were evacuated",
78
+ "refs": [
79
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/forli/cronaca/il-cer-era-troppo-pieno-gonfiato-dagli-altri-fiumi-fafc90e1"
80
+ ]
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "sentence": "On 26 May, the town of Conselice, in the province of Ravenna, was evacuated due to health reasons, since the stagnant water that was still flooding large areas of the town was full of waste and garbage, and so could have become a vector for either viral or bacterial infections",
84
+ "refs": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "sentence": "On 27 May, Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane officially announced that access to the rail line between Bologna and Rimini, as well as the one between Faenza and Ravenna, would be fully restored from 29 May onwards, whilst the Ferrara\u2013Ravenna\u2013Rimini route would be completely re-activated on 30 May; all of the aforementioned lines stayed subject to variations and delays, since the standard number and top speed of vehicles available were set to be restored gradually",
88
+ "refs": [
89
+ "https://www.open.online/2023/05/20/emilia-romagna-alluvione-ravenna-evacuati-previsioni-tempo/",
90
+ "https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2023/05/26/conselice-mayor-orders-evacuation-for-health-reasons_bbcb9103-9560-475b-bd46-e46708c23926.html",
91
+ "https://tg24.sky.it/salute-e-benessere/2023/05/26/maltempo-acque-stagnanti-rischi-salute#06",
92
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/26/conselice-evacuazione-case-allagate/",
93
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/27/riapertura-linea-ferroviaria-bologna-rimini/"
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+ ]
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+ }
96
+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "section_title": "Effects",
101
+ "section_content": [
102
+ {
103
+ "sentence": "On 17 May, Stefano Bonaccini, the president of Emilia-Romagna, stated that \"in the last 24 hours, more than 300 millimeters of rain have fallen\", and described the floods as a \"catastrophic event, never seen before\"",
104
+ "refs": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "sentence": "Later on, Bonaccini also compared the impact of the floods to the 2012 Emilia earthquakes, stating that the damage was likely to be less significant but would still cost the region several billions of euros",
108
+ "refs": [
109
+ "https://www.fsnews.it/it/focus-on/servizi/2023/5/25/alluvione-emilia-romagna-riattivazione-circolazione-treni.html"
110
+ ]
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "sentence": "Luca Mercalli, president of the Italian Meteorological Society, stated that \"two records were broken in 15 days in the same region",
114
+ "refs": []
115
+ },
116
+ {
117
+ "sentence": "An event like the one that occurred on 2 May might happen once in a century, but then another one hit the same areas only 15 days later.\" Many events in the region were canceled or delayed due to the flooding",
118
+ "refs": [
119
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/19/world/europe/italy-floods-emilia-romagna-rain.html"
120
+ ]
121
+ },
122
+ {
123
+ "sentence": "Throughout the Bologna metropolitan area, alongside many road closures, all schools and cultural activities were cancelled with people being strongly encouraged to work from home",
124
+ "refs": [
125
+ "https://www.agi.it/politica/news/2023-05-18/bonaccini-commissario-emergenza-alluvioni-emilia-romagna-21437389/"
126
+ ]
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "sentence": "The city's annual fun-run \"StraBologna\" was also postponed",
130
+ "refs": [
131
+ "https://www.comune.bologna.it/notizie/allerta-maltempo-16-17-maggio-2023"
132
+ ]
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "sentence": "Frozen food company Orogel\u00a0 [it], based in Cesena, provided industrial-size freezers set at \u201325\u00b0C in order to store ancient books and manuscripts, some dating back to the 16th century, from several libraries in the worst-affected areas of Emilia-Romagna, including Forl\u00ec, San Benedetto in Cava, Lugo, and Sant'Agata sul Santerno, among other towns",
136
+ "refs": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "sentence": "The objective of the freezing process, which was usually used for ripe fruit and vegetables within three hours of harvesting, was to drain excess water from the books and prevent further damage, before drying and restoring them as soon as possible",
140
+ "refs": [
141
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/bologna/cronaca/strabologna-2023-rinviata-maltempo-olvv0m3p",
142
+ "https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/2023/05/24/emilia-romagna-alluvione-forli-orogel-libri"
143
+ ]
144
+ }
145
+ ],
146
+ "subsections": [
147
+ {
148
+ "section_title": "Emilia Romagna Grand Prix",
149
+ "section_content": [
150
+ {
151
+ "sentence": "A Formula One race at the Autodromo Internazionale Enzo e Dino Ferrari in Imola was scheduled to be part of the 2023 Formula One World Championship and to be held from 19 to 21 May 2023",
152
+ "refs": []
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "sentence": "On 16 May, all Formula One personnel were instructed to leave the paddock, citing precautionary steps after a rise in water level at the nearby Santerno river was reported",
156
+ "refs": [
157
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/25/ancient-books-in-northern-italy-frozen-to-salvage-them-from-flood-damage"
158
+ ]
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "Due to the heavy rain observed throughout the week before the race, and after several rumors the day before, the Italian ministry called for the race to be postponed",
162
+ "refs": [
163
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65620597",
164
+ "https://www.skysports.com/f1/news/12433/12882241/emilia-romagna-gp-f1-personnel-asked-to-leave-imola-paddock-amid-concern-over-heavy-rain"
165
+ ]
166
+ },
167
+ {
168
+ "sentence": "Ultimately, the race was canceled; an official statement from Formula One stated that the decision was made as it was not possible to safely hold the event for fans, teams, and personnel, and to lighten the load on local emergency services as they had already been pressured due to the storm damage",
169
+ "refs": [
170
+ "https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/imola-f1-weekend-faces-disruption-amid-red-alert-weather-warning/10470028/",
171
+ "https://racingnews365.com/italian-government-calls-for-imola-gp-to-be-postponed"
172
+ ]
173
+ },
174
+ {
175
+ "sentence": "The cancelled Grand Prix's trophies, Ferrari Trento celebration bottle, and related items would be auctioned to raise relief funds for Emilia-Romagna",
176
+ "refs": [
177
+ "https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/italian-deputy-pm-calls-for-imola-f1-to-be-postponed/10470414/",
178
+ "https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-update-on-the-emilia-romagna-grand-prix-at-imola.14xk8GLh2Lr8wBGdJqhxnO.html"
179
+ ]
180
+ }
181
+ ],
182
+ "subsections": []
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "section_title": "Bruce Springsteen concert controversy",
186
+ "section_content": [
187
+ {
188
+ "sentence": "On 18 May 2023, American singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen and his E Street Band were set to perform at the Giorgio Bassani Urban Park\u00a0 [it] in Ferrara as part of their 2023 world tour",
189
+ "refs": []
190
+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "sentence": "Although the province of Ferrara was not between the areas directly affected by the floods, in the immediate aftermath of the disaster Springsteen fans and ticket-holders attempted to urge the organizers to reschedule the concert on social media in order to pay respect to the victims and avoid misplacement of emergency resources",
193
+ "refs": [
194
+ "https://www.speedcafe.com/2023/05/27/f1-imola-trophies-up-for-auction/",
195
+ "https://pitchfork.com/news/bruce-springsteen-and-the-e-street-band-announce-2023-tour/"
196
+ ]
197
+ },
198
+ {
199
+ "sentence": "After further examinations, both the Prefettura and the local council of Ferrara authorized Springsteen to go ahead with the concert",
200
+ "refs": [
201
+ "https://www.rockol.it/news-737343/bruce-springsteen-ferrara-pioggia-concerto-confermato-tour-2023",
202
+ "https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/musica/2023/05/18/la-polemica-non-ferma-concerto-di-bruce-springsteen-il-boss-live-a-ferrara-_94e3ebf8-bd4d-4d01-882b-fbf2b64aa0f3.html",
203
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/18/bruce-springsteen-concert-italy-ferrara-floods"
204
+ ]
205
+ },
206
+ {
207
+ "sentence": "The decision sparked heavy criticism towards Springsteen and his team, while both lead promoter Claudio Trotta and Alan Fabbri, the mayor of Ferrara, defended the choice to permit the show",
208
+ "refs": [
209
+ "https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/musica/2023/05/18/la-polemica-non-ferma-concerto-di-bruce-springsteen-il-boss-live-a-ferrara-_94e3ebf8-bd4d-4d01-882b-fbf2b64aa0f3.html",
210
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/may/18/bruce-springsteen-concert-italy-ferrara-floods",
211
+ "https://www.wired.it/article/bruce-springsteen-concerto-ferrara-tour-emilia-romagna/",
212
+ "https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/bruce-springsteen-ferrara-cancelled-floods-emilia-romagna-b2341282.html"
213
+ ]
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "sentence": "Irene Priolo, the deputy vice-president of Protezione Civile for the Emilia-Romagna region, questioned the decision whilst clarifying that Ferrara's local authorities were the only institutions that had the right to either confirm or postpone the gig",
217
+ "refs": [
218
+ "https://pitchfork.com/news/bruce-springsteen-and-the-e-street-band-announce-2023-tour/",
219
+ "https://www.rockol.it/news-737343/bruce-springsteen-ferrara-pioggia-concerto-confermato-tour-2023",
220
+ "https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cultura/musica/2023/05/18/la-polemica-non-ferma-concerto-di-bruce-springsteen-il-boss-live-a-ferrara-_94e3ebf8-bd4d-4d01-882b-fbf2b64aa0f3.html"
221
+ ]
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "sentence": "During the concert, which reportedly involved 900 security members between police officers, volunteers, and first aid workers, Springsteen did not make any direct comments about the floods and their impact",
225
+ "refs": [
226
+ "https://www.rockol.it/news-737343/bruce-springsteen-ferrara-pioggia-concerto-confermato-tour-2023",
227
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230520174224/https://billboard.it/eventi/bruce-springsteen-ferrara-polemiche/2023/05/19110540/",
228
+ "https://www.rockol.it/news-737343/bruce-springsteen-ferrara-pioggia-concerto-confermato-tour-2023"
229
+ ]
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "sentence": "On 26 May, Springsteen's guitarist Steven Van Zandt took to Twitter to answer a message from an Italian fan, stating that the band had not been informed of the emergency by anyone",
233
+ "refs": [
234
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/ferrara/cronaca/priolo-al-prefetto-sorpresi-dalla-decisione-di-organizzare-ugualmente-il-concerto-086c0399",
235
+ "https://www.rockol.it/news-737371/bruce-springsteen-a-ferrara-scaletta-video-polemiche-risposte"
236
+ ]
237
+ }
238
+ ],
239
+ "subsections": []
240
+ }
241
+ ]
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "section_title": "Reactions",
245
+ "section_content": [
246
+ {
247
+ "sentence": "Michele De Pascale, the mayor of Ravenna, called the floods the \"worst disaster in a century\", labeling the night between 16 and 17 May 2023 as the \"worst one in the history of Romagna\"",
248
+ "refs": []
249
+ },
250
+ {
251
+ "sentence": "On the evening of 16 May, Matteo Salvini, the Deputy Prime Minister of Italy and Minister of Infrastructure and Transport, posted a tweet linking the tragic aftermath of the floods with the defeat of AC Milan (the team he was a supporter of) against Inter Milan in the 2023 UEFA Champions League semi-finals",
252
+ "refs": []
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "sentence": "He wrote: \"Heart and commitment dedicated to the citizens of Emilia-Romagna who are fighting against water and mud",
256
+ "refs": []
257
+ },
258
+ {
259
+ "sentence": "An AC Milan without heart, grit and ideas does not even deserve a thought.\" Salvini, who was set to be directly involved in the management of the emergency due to his political duties, later deleted the tweet but was nonetheless heavily criticized for his apparent lack of taste and empathy",
260
+ "refs": [
261
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65632655",
262
+ "https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2023/05/17/alluvione-e-sconfitta-del-milan-il-tweet-cancellato-da-salvini_4ecbe698-afbe-4477-97b7-60fb5c227438.html",
263
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/17/tweet-salvini-emilia-romagna-milan/",
264
+ "https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2023/05/17/alluvione-e-sconfitta-del-milan-il-tweet-cancellato-da-salvini_4ecbe698-afbe-4477-97b7-60fb5c227438.html"
265
+ ]
266
+ },
267
+ {
268
+ "sentence": "The Democratic Party-led regional government was accused by several local members of right-wing parties, such as Brothers of Italy and Lega, of being directly responsible for the floods, allegedly due to poor maintenance of the rivers' banks",
269
+ "refs": [
270
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65632655",
271
+ "https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2023/05/17/alluvione-e-sconfitta-del-milan-il-tweet-cancellato-da-salvini_4ecbe698-afbe-4477-97b7-60fb5c227438.html",
272
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/17/tweet-salvini-emilia-romagna-milan/"
273
+ ]
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "sentence": "During an interview on Rai Radio 1 on 18 May, Gilberto Pichetto Fratin, the Minister of the Environment, announced that the Italian government would activate the state of calamity for all of the areas damaged by the flooding from 23 May onwards",
277
+ "refs": []
278
+ },
279
+ {
280
+ "sentence": "The decision, which was set to receive an official approval by the Ministry of Agriculture, was aimed to help farm workers get easier access to indemnities and other economic measures",
281
+ "refs": [
282
+ "https://www.rainews.it/maratona/2023/05/emilia-romagna-inondata-9-morti-e-ancora-allerta-rossa-oltre-20mila-gli-sfollati-nuova-33925c4e-54fb-456b-b33f-5d2924bdbc27.html",
283
+ "https://www.wired.it/article/emilia-romagna-alluvione-stato-di-calamita-naturale/",
284
+ "https://pagellapolitica.it/podcast/il-podcast-di-pagella-politica/stagione-2023/decreto-alluvioni-emilia-romagna"
285
+ ]
286
+ },
287
+ {
288
+ "sentence": "In the same interview, Pichetto Fratin announced the activation with immediate effect of a national economic recovery package, which would suspend the payment of taxes and loan agreements for all the citizens and businesses affected by the floods; he also previewed the introduction of a national plan of climate change adaptation, acknowledging the significant impact of climate change on the rising frequency of natural disasters in Italy and across the world",
289
+ "refs": [
290
+ "https://www.rainews.it/maratona/2023/05/emilia-romagna-inondata-9-morti-e-ancora-allerta-rossa-oltre-20mila-gli-sfollati-nuova-33925c4e-54fb-456b-b33f-5d2924bdbc27.html",
291
+ "https://www.rainews.it/maratona/2023/05/emilia-romagna-inondata-9-morti-e-ancora-allerta-rossa-oltre-20mila-gli-sfollati-nuova-33925c4e-54fb-456b-b33f-5d2924bdbc27.html",
292
+ "https://www.wired.it/article/emilia-romagna-alluvione-stato-di-calamita-naturale/"
293
+ ]
294
+ },
295
+ {
296
+ "sentence": "On 20 May, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni officially annonuced that she would depart the 49th G7 summit in Hiroshima, Japan, early in order to return to Italy and help coordinate the emergency, stating that she \"could not remain so far from Italy in such a complex moment\"",
297
+ "refs": []
298
+ },
299
+ {
300
+ "sentence": "While departing, Meloni thanked fellow G7 leaders for their offers of aid to the victims of the floods",
301
+ "refs": [
302
+ "https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2023/05/18/pichetto-verra-deliberato-lo-stato-di-calamita-per-lemilia-romagna_e1e36763-704e-4af2-9b52-985ccad89e2e.html",
303
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/21/italy-over-36000-people-displaced-by-floods-as-giorgia-meloni-departs-g7-summit-early",
304
+ "https://www.editorialedomani.it/politica/italia/meloni-si-e-accorta-alluvione-torna-in-italia-wkx9nzpk"
305
+ ]
306
+ },
307
+ {
308
+ "sentence": "She landed in Rimini the following day, and visited the provinces of Forl\u00ec and Ravenna, as well as the city of Faenza, before meeting regional president Stefano Bonaccini and Fabrizio Curcio, the head of Protezione Civile, at the Prefettura of Ravenna",
309
+ "refs": [
310
+ "https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2023/05/18/pichetto-verra-deliberato-lo-stato-di-calamita-per-lemilia-romagna_e1e36763-704e-4af2-9b52-985ccad89e2e.html",
311
+ "https://www.editorialedomani.it/politica/italia/meloni-si-e-accorta-alluvione-torna-in-italia-wkx9nzpk"
312
+ ]
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "sentence": "Bonaccini's request to be named extraordinary commissioner to manage the relief funds, as was custom among regional presidents in Italy, was opposed by the Meloni government, in particular by Brothers of Italy and Lega; some regional presidents of the centre-right coalition, such as Roberto Occhiuto, Giovanni Toti, and Luca Zaia, sided with Bonaccini",
316
+ "refs": [
317
+ "https://www.editorialedomani.it/politica/italia/emilia-romagna-alluvione-aggiornamenti-visita-meloni-rx5b4bvc",
318
+ "https://www.linkiesta.it/2023/05/decreto-alluvione-2-miliardi-bonaccini-commissario-lega/",
319
+ "https://tg.la7.it/cronaca/alluvione-centro-destra-contro-bonaccini-commissario-25-05-2023-184714",
320
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/06/08/commissario-straordinario-emilia-romagna-alluvioni/",
321
+ "https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2023/05/23/news/bonaccini_ricostruzione_commissario_stop_della_lega-401494952/"
322
+ ]
323
+ },
324
+ {
325
+ "sentence": "On 7 June, Meloni hosted a meeting with Bonaccini and other administrators from the affected areas, stating that the emergency would be temporarily managed by an operative table between the national government and local institutions led by Nello Musumeci, the Minister for Civil Protection and Maritime Policies",
326
+ "refs": [
327
+ "https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2023/05/25/news/destra_contro_bonaccini_commissario_alluvione-401621424/"
328
+ ]
329
+ },
330
+ {
331
+ "sentence": "On 23 May, Italy's Council of Ministers officially announced the approval of the first law decree\u00a0 [it] in response to the emergency, an estimated \u20ac2.2 billion recovery package that was aimed to public and private businesses, schools, universities, museums, and farm workers, among other categories",
332
+ "refs": []
333
+ },
334
+ {
335
+ "sentence": "The law's final text was eventually published on the Gazzetta Ufficiale on 1 June, and included an estimated \u20ac1.6 billion package, a lower budget than the one originally presented by the government",
336
+ "refs": [
337
+ "https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2023/06/07/news/alluvione_emilia-romagna_commissario_regioni_palazzo_chigi-403539287/",
338
+ "https://www.governo.it/it/articolo/convocazione-del-consiglio-dei-ministri-n-35/22668",
339
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/23/alluvione-emilia-romagna-decreto-governo/",
340
+ "https://www.agi.it/cronaca/news/2023-05-23/alluvione-emilia-romagna-approvato-decreto-emergenza-21510277/",
341
+ "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2023-06-01&atto.codiceRedazionale=23G00074&elenco30giorni=true",
342
+ "https://pagellapolitica.it/articoli/decreto-emilia-romagna-2-miliardi"
343
+ ]
344
+ },
345
+ {
346
+ "sentence": "A \u20ac620 million-worth recovery fund for workers affected by the disaster was the largest investment included in the package; all of the measures were financed through cuts to other welfare systems, including the Salary Integration Fund, the Social Fund for Occupation and Formation, and the set-to-be-ceased citizens' income",
347
+ "refs": [
348
+ "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2023-06-01&atto.codiceRedazionale=23G00074&elenco30giorni=true",
349
+ "https://pagellapolitica.it/articoli/decreto-emilia-romagna-2-miliardi",
350
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/06/06/decreto-legge-alluvione-meno-soldi/",
351
+ "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/atto/serie_generale/caricaDettaglioAtto/originario?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=2023-06-01&atto.codiceRedazionale=23G00074&elenco30giorni=true",
352
+ "https://www.editorialedomani.it/politica/italia/manca-mezzo-miliardo-dai-fondi-promessi-il-governo-ha-sbagliato-i-conti-sullalluvione-ra2bpq8d"
353
+ ]
354
+ },
355
+ {
356
+ "sentence": "24 May was declared as National Day of Mourning for the victims of the flooding, as both the Italian and European flags hung outside of the Chamber of Deputies in Rome were displayed at half-mast",
357
+ "refs": []
358
+ },
359
+ {
360
+ "sentence": "On 25 May, Meloni and Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission, visited the flooded areas along with Bonaccini",
361
+ "refs": [
362
+ "https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/dl-alluvioni-gli-aiuti-150-milioni-taglio-reddito-cittadinanza-AEFOCzZD"
363
+ ]
364
+ },
365
+ {
366
+ "sentence": "Von der Leyen assured that the European Union (EU) would help the region, adding in Romagnol dialect, Tin bota (English: \"Stay strong\"), which was widely used as the slogan for the ongoing reconstruction process",
367
+ "refs": [
368
+ "https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/politica/2023/05/24/maltempo-bandiere-della-camera-a-mezzasta-per-lutto-nazionale_e035e279-ca66-41f7-95a5-280f5034c88b.html"
369
+ ]
370
+ },
371
+ {
372
+ "sentence": "On 27 May, Italian President Sergio Mattarella publicly announced that he would visit the affected areas on 30 May",
373
+ "refs": [
374
+ "https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2023/05/26/diretta/maltempo_in_emilia_romagna-401816528/"
375
+ ]
376
+ },
377
+ {
378
+ "sentence": "Throughout his trip, where he was accompanied by Bonaccini, Mattarella visited the comune of Modigliana, before reaching Forl\u00ec, and then heading to Cesena, Lugo, Ravenna, and Faenza",
379
+ "refs": [
380
+ "https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2023/05/25/diretta/alluvione_emilia_romagna_giorgia_meloni_ursula_von_der_leyen-401716039/",
381
+ "https://www.corriere.it/cronache/23_maggio_27/emilia-romagna-martedi-visita-presidente-mattarella-luoghi-dell-alluvione-f382d2ba-fc92-11ed-80ca-38d137f12c45.shtml",
382
+ "https://www.agi.it/cronaca/news/2023-05-27/alluvione_emilia_romagna_mattarella_martedi-21574674/"
383
+ ]
384
+ },
385
+ {
386
+ "sentence": "After weeks of tension within the government and between majority and opposition parties, the Meloni cabinet officially appointed army corps general Francesco Paolo Figliuolo as Extraordinary Commissioner for the Reconstruction on 27 June 2023",
387
+ "refs": [
388
+ "https://tg.la7.it/cronaca/alluvione-centro-destra-contro-bonaccini-commissario-25-05-2023-184714",
389
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/06/08/commissario-straordinario-emilia-romagna-alluvioni/",
390
+ "https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2023/05/25/news/destra_contro_bonaccini_commissario_alluvione-401621424/"
391
+ ]
392
+ },
393
+ {
394
+ "sentence": "Figliuolo, who had previously served as Extraordinary Commissioner for the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy under the Draghi government between March 2021 and March 2022, would retain his role for the following five years",
395
+ "refs": [
396
+ "https://www.lastampa.it/politica/2023/05/30/news/mattarella_tra_gli_alluvionati_so_che_ce_la_farete_litalia_vi_e_vicina-12832139/",
397
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/commissario-alluvione-oggi-nomina-figliuolo-diretta-b677b4ea",
398
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/06/27/figliuolo-commissario-straordinario-alluvioni-romagna/",
399
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/commissario-alluvione-oggi-nomina-figliuolo-diretta-b677b4ea",
400
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/06/27/figliuolo-commissario-straordinario-alluvioni-romagna/"
401
+ ]
402
+ },
403
+ {
404
+ "sentence": "In the same instance, Bonaccini, Francesco Acquaroli, and Eugenio Giani, the regional presidents of Marche and Tuscany (the other two adjacent regions affected by the floods), were all nominated as Sub-Commissioners for the Reconstruction",
405
+ "refs": [
406
+ "https://www.lastampa.it/politica/2023/05/30/news/mattarella_tra_gli_alluvionati_so_che_ce_la_farete_litalia_vi_e_vicina-12832139/"
407
+ ]
408
+ },
409
+ {
410
+ "sentence": "Bonaccini described the government's centralist choice as a wrong choice but said that he was ready to work together",
411
+ "refs": [
412
+ "https://www.lastampa.it/politica/2023/05/30/news/mattarella_tra_gli_alluvionati_so_che_ce_la_farete_litalia_vi_e_vicina-12832139/",
413
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/commissario-alluvione-oggi-nomina-figliuolo-diretta-b677b4ea"
414
+ ]
415
+ },
416
+ {
417
+ "sentence": "The same day of the Extraordinary Commissioner nomination, Musumeci announced that the Council of Ministers had approved a bill that aimed to simplify and standardize reconstruction plans for the territories affected by natural disasters, including floods, rockslides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions",
418
+ "refs": []
419
+ },
420
+ {
421
+ "sentence": "During the press conference where he presented the bill, Musumeci stated: \"If ten years ago I would have asked myself whether [what happened in Emilia-Romagna] would happen again, today I only ask myself 'when' [it will happen again], given climate change and the vulnerability of territories.\"",
422
+ "refs": [
423
+ "https://www.lastampa.it/politica/2023/05/30/news/mattarella_tra_gli_alluvionati_so_che_ce_la_farete_litalia_vi_e_vicina-12832139/",
424
+ "https://www.bolognatoday.it/politica/figliuolo-commissario-bonaccini.html",
425
+ "https://www.bolognatoday.it/politica/figliuolo-commissario-bonaccini.html"
426
+ ]
427
+ }
428
+ ],
429
+ "subsections": []
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "section_title": "Humanitarian efforts",
433
+ "section_content": [
434
+ {
435
+ "sentence": "The emergency operations throughout the region involved, among other human resources, members of Protezione Civile, the Italian Red Cross, and various armed and police forces, including Italy's Army, Navy, Air Force, and Carabinieri",
436
+ "refs": [
437
+ "https://www.wired.it/article/emilia-romagna-alluvione-stato-di-calamita-naturale/",
438
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230520174224/https://billboard.it/eventi/bruce-springsteen-ferrara-polemiche/2023/05/19110540/",
439
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/alluvione-ddl-ricostruzione-jxkain8r",
440
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/18/come-aiutare-alluvione-emilia-romagna/"
441
+ ]
442
+ },
443
+ {
444
+ "sentence": "State-owned energy company Enel created a task-force that would co-operate with local institutions to repair and restore the electricity distribution systems left damaged by the floods",
445
+ "refs": [
446
+ "https://www.wired.it/article/emilia-romagna-alluvione-aiuti-donazioni-croce-rosa-raccolta-fondi-protezione-civile/",
447
+ "https://www.difesa.it/Primo_Piano/Pagine/maltempo-difesa-in-campo-con-oltre-1200-militari-12-elicotteri-e-55-natanti.aspx"
448
+ ]
449
+ },
450
+ {
451
+ "sentence": "Matteo Lepore, the mayor of Bologna, shared on social media a public Google Form aimed to all of the civil volunteers who wanted to take part in the operations",
452
+ "refs": [
453
+ "https://www.rainews.it/maratona/2023/05/romagna-sommersa-dal-fango-i-morti-sono-13-oltre-20mila-gli-sfollati-si-cercano-ancora-dispersi-6902e4e1-62f5-4451-965d-fc7890774933.html",
454
+ "https://corporate.enel.it/it/media/news/d/2023/05/enel-in-prima-linea-per-emilia-romagna"
455
+ ]
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "sentence": "Players and staff members of Cesena FC volunteered to help citizens in several areas of the city, which was directly hit by the flood",
459
+ "refs": [
460
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/alluvione-ddl-ricostruzione-jxkain8r",
461
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/18/come-aiutare-alluvione-emilia-romagna/"
462
+ ]
463
+ },
464
+ {
465
+ "sentence": "Several members of Formula One team AlphaTauri, including driver Yuki Tsunoda, actively helped on the scenes, while several other drivers, such as Lando Norris, Max Verstappen, and Felipe Drugovich, raised charity funds via video game livestreaming",
466
+ "refs": [
467
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/cronaca/alluvione-in-emilia-romagna-enel-mette-in-campo-una-task-force-r4navag1",
468
+ "https://www.corriereromagna.it/i-giocatori-del-cesena-a-spalare-il-fango-e-a-svuotare-cantine-dopo-l-alluvione-video/",
469
+ "https://cesenafc.com/it/news/2023/5/19/per-le-vie-della-nostra-citta-tra-la-nostra-gente"
470
+ ]
471
+ },
472
+ {
473
+ "sentence": "Scuderia Ferrari and Formula One each donated \u20ac1 million to both the Territorial Security Agency and Protezione Civile",
474
+ "refs": [
475
+ "https://www.si.com/fannation/racing/f1briefings/news/f1-news-lewis-hamilton-champions-yuki-tsunoda-after-emilia-romagna-charity-efforts-lm22"
476
+ ]
477
+ },
478
+ {
479
+ "sentence": "On 19 May, the Regional Council of Emilia-Romagna officially opened a public bank account in order to raise funds for the emergency from everyone across Italy (through an IBAN code) and abroad (via SWIFT)",
480
+ "refs": []
481
+ },
482
+ {
483
+ "sentence": "Public donors to the charity account included professional football clubs Bologna, Cremonese, Parma, Modena, and Rimini",
484
+ "refs": [
485
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/alluvione-ddl-ricostruzione-jxkain8r",
486
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/18/come-aiutare-alluvione-emilia-romagna/",
487
+ "https://sport.sky.it/formula-1/2023/05/18/maltempo-alluvione-emilia-romagna-f1-raccolta-fondi",
488
+ "https://protezionecivile.regione.emilia-romagna.it/notizie/attualita/conto-corrente-alluvioni-maggio-2023",
489
+ "https://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Serie-A/Cremonese/19-05-2023/cremonese-bologna-sostengono-famiglie-colpite-alluvione-emilia-4601658330861.shtml",
490
+ "https://protezionecivile.regione.emilia-romagna.it/notizie/attualita/conto-corrente-alluvioni-maggio-2023",
491
+ "https://www.bolognafc.it/il-bologna-aderisce-a-un-aiuto-per-lemilia-romagna/",
492
+ "https://protezionecivile.regione.emilia-romagna.it/notizie/attualita/conto-corrente-alluvioni-maggio-2023",
493
+ "https://www.uscremonese.it/un-aiuto-per-lemilia-romagna-dalla-cremonese-50-mila-euro-alle-vittime-dellalluvione/",
494
+ "https://parmacalcio1913.com/2023/05/19/parma-calcio-100mila-euro-per-aiutare-lemilia-romagna/"
495
+ ]
496
+ },
497
+ {
498
+ "sentence": "The Italian Red Cross opened a charity fundraising campaign, as several local institutions did the same, including the local councils of Modena, Faenza, Imola, and Forl\u00ec",
499
+ "refs": [
500
+ "https://modenacalcio.com/38-seriebkt-4/",
501
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/alluvione-ddl-ricostruzione-jxkain8r",
502
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/18/come-aiutare-alluvione-emilia-romagna/",
503
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/alluvione-ddl-ricostruzione-jxkain8r",
504
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/alluvione-ddl-ricostruzione-jxkain8r",
505
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/alluvione-ddl-ricostruzione-jxkain8r"
506
+ ]
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+ },
508
+ {
509
+ "sentence": "Other parallel campaigns were kickstarted by the Mirror of Italy Foundation, a non-governmental organization affiliated to the GEDI Media Group, and Monrif\u00a0 [it]; this last campaign reportedly received offers by several high-profile figures born in the region, including Conferenza Episcopale Italiana president Matteo Zuppi, singer-songwriters Francesco Guccini and Cesare Cremonini, comedian Giuseppe Giacobazzi\u00a0 [it], actress Martina Colombari, and politician Pier Ferdinando Casini",
510
+ "refs": [
511
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/18/come-aiutare-alluvione-emilia-romagna/",
512
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/alluvione-ddl-ricostruzione-jxkain8r",
513
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/18/come-aiutare-alluvione-emilia-romagna/",
514
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/emilia-romagna/politica/alluvione-ddl-ricostruzione-jxkain8r",
515
+ "https://www.corriereromagna.it/calcio-primavera-4-devoluto-in-beneficenza-l-incasso-di-rimini-pergolettese/"
516
+ ]
517
+ },
518
+ {
519
+ "sentence": "On 22 May, the EU Civil Protection Mechanism deployed high-capacity pumping station teams from Slovakia and Slovenia to help Italian authorities deal with the floods all across the region; Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Poland, and Romania also responded to Italy's request for assistance",
520
+ "refs": []
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "sentence": "The EU's Copernicus Programme provided satellite mapping of the affected areas, following a request from Protezione Civile on 16 May",
524
+ "refs": [
525
+ "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/bologna/cronaca/alluvione-iban-donazione-monrif-39096908",
526
+ "https://civil-protection-humanitarian-aid.ec.europa.eu/news-stories/news/floods-eu-mobilises-emergency-equipment-assist-italian-authorities-2023-05-22_en",
527
+ "https://europeansting.com/2023/05/22/floods-eu-mobilises-emergency-equipment-to-assist-italian-authorities/"
528
+ ]
529
+ },
530
+ {
531
+ "sentence": "On 2 June, New Zealand actor Russell Crowe, who was set to perform with his band, Indoor Garden Party, in Bologna on 27 June, announced via Twitter that he agreed with the organizers of the concert to donate the full revenue to the victims of the floods",
532
+ "refs": []
533
+ },
534
+ {
535
+ "sentence": "On 6 June, Parma-based food company Barilla announced an official \u20ac1 million donation to Protezione Civile in order to help the reconstruction of sport facilities in the communes of Sant'Agata sul Santerno and Conselice, as well as other infrastructures",
536
+ "refs": [
537
+ "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/25/satelliti-emergenza-alluvioni/",
538
+ "https://twitter.com/russellcrowe/status/1664565932654759937?s=20",
539
+ "https://corrieredibologna.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/23_giugno_02/russell-crowe-in-concerto-a-bologna-il-ricavato-alle-vittime-dell-alluvione-in-emilia-romagna-f37c47a7-baaa-465a-87a9-9875df187xlk.shtml"
540
+ ]
541
+ }
542
+ ],
543
+ "subsections": []
544
+ },
545
+ {
546
+ "section_title": "See also",
547
+ "section_content": [],
548
+ "subsections": []
549
+ },
550
+ {
551
+ "section_title": "Notes",
552
+ "section_content": [],
553
+ "subsections": []
554
+ },
555
+ {
556
+ "section_title": "References",
557
+ "section_content": [],
558
+ "subsections": []
559
+ },
560
+ {
561
+ "section_title": "External links",
562
+ "section_content": [],
563
+ "subsections": []
564
+ }
565
+ ],
566
+ "references": {
567
+ "1": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
568
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569
+ "3": "https://apnews.com/article/floods-agriculture-drought-deaths-italy-30ec2bfd7d3efc3491c9f12024b6c181",
570
+ "4": "https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/live-post/2023/05/18/alluvione-emilia-romagna-due-agricoltori-trovati-morti-a-russi-lugo-e-cervia-allagate-evacuazioni-a-ravenna-34mila-case-senza-luce/7165152/",
571
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572
+ "6": "https://news.sky.com/story/italy-flooding-three-dead-and-thousands-evacuated-from-their-homes-as-rivers-burst-their-banks-12882587",
573
+ "7": "https://www.repubblica.it/green-and-blue/2023/05/17/news/alluvione_emilia_romagna_pierluigi_randi_meteo_clima-400514688/",
574
+ "8": "https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2023/05/17/diretta/emilia_romagna_maltempo_allerta_meteo_alluvione-400477804/",
575
+ "9": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/19/world/europe/italy-floods-emilia-romagna-rain.html",
576
+ "10": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/18/italy-worst-flooding-in-100-years-emilia-romagna",
577
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578
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579
+ "13": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230517230603/https://www.ansa.it/canale_scienza_tecnica/notizie/terra_poli/2023/05/04/lalluvione-in-emilia-romagna-innescata-da-mesi-di-siccita-_1208a01c-7242-4d12-a6d2-ac3f36a1ddc2.html",
580
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581
+ "15": "https://www.bolognatoday.it/attualita/porrettana-allagata-maltempo-traffico.html",
582
+ "16": "https://www.dire.it/12-05-2023/907388-bologna-bomba-acqua-via-saffi-maltempo/",
583
+ "17": "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/cronaca/alluvione-morti-geq82yr7",
584
+ "18": "https://www.ansa.it/emiliaromagna/notizie/2023/05/23/alluvione-in-emilia-romagna-la-procura-di-ravenna-apre-un-fascicolo-per-disastro-colposo_79479deb-743b-4fae-a3d2-2e7de2e34dd3.html",
585
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586
+ "20": "https://www.ilrestodelcarlino.it/bologna/cronaca/cade-pozzo-muore-annegato-san-lazzaro-diretta-ke6pfaar",
587
+ "21": "https://amp.tgcom24.mediaset.it/tgcom24/article/64950230",
588
+ "22": "https://bologna.repubblica.it/cronaca/2023/05/17/news/frane_alluvione_appennino_paesi_isolati-400558477/",
589
+ "23": "https://www.rainews.it/maratona/2023/05/emilia-romagna-inondata-9-morti-e-ancora-allerta-rossa-oltre-20mila-gli-sfollati-nuova-33925c4e-54fb-456b-b33f-5d2924bdbc27.html",
590
+ "24": "https://www.wired.it/article/emilia-romagna-alluvione-stato-di-calamita-naturale/",
591
+ "25": "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/19/alluvione-emilia-romagna-soccorsi/",
592
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+ "30": "https://www.meteo.it/notizie/meteo-19-maggio-pioggia-emilia-romagna-29924149",
597
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+ "32": "https://www.open.online/2023/05/20/emilia-romagna-alluvione-ravenna-evacuati-previsioni-tempo/",
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+ "40": "https://www.comune.bologna.it/notizie/allerta-maltempo-16-17-maggio-2023",
607
+ "41": "http://comunicatistampa.comune.bologna.it/2023/emergenza-maltempo-confermata-allerta-rossa-anche-per-domani-scuole-chiuse-e-smart-working-865",
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+ "44": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/25/ancient-books-in-northern-italy-frozen-to-salvage-them-from-flood-damage",
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618
+ "52": "https://press.pirelli.com/imola-pirelli-pole-position-award-auctioned-to-raise-funds-for-emilia-romagna/",
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620
+ "54": "https://www.speedcafe.com/2023/05/27/f1-imola-trophies-up-for-auction/",
621
+ "55": "https://pitchfork.com/news/bruce-springsteen-and-the-e-street-band-announce-2023-tour/",
622
+ "56": "https://www.rockol.it/news-737343/bruce-springsteen-ferrara-pioggia-concerto-confermato-tour-2023",
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+ "68": "https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/17/europe/italy-flooding-three-killed-rain-intl/index.html",
635
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636
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638
+ "72": "https://www.repubblica.it/politica/2023/05/17/news/salvini_milan_emiliani_alluvione_post_champions-400457999/",
639
+ "73": "https://www.ravennatoday.it/politica/esondazioni-salzano-fdi-scarsa-manutenzione-degli-argini-regione-ammetta-le-responsabilita.html",
640
+ "74": "https://pagellapolitica.it/podcast/il-podcast-di-pagella-politica/stagione-2023/decreto-alluvioni-emilia-romagna",
641
+ "75": "https://www.ansa.it/sito/notizie/cronaca/2023/05/18/pichetto-verra-deliberato-lo-stato-di-calamita-per-lemilia-romagna_e1e36763-704e-4af2-9b52-985ccad89e2e.html",
642
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643
+ "77": "https://www.editorialedomani.it/politica/italia/meloni-si-e-accorta-alluvione-torna-in-italia-wkx9nzpk",
644
+ "78": "https://www.ilpost.it/2023/05/21/sfollati-emilia-romagna-alluvione/",
645
+ "79": "https://www.agi.it/politica/news/2023-05-21/meloni_in_zone_alluvionate_ravenna_incontra_cittadini-21481923/",
646
+ "80": "https://www.editorialedomani.it/politica/italia/emilia-romagna-alluvione-aggiornamenti-visita-meloni-rx5b4bvc",
647
+ "81": "https://www.linkiesta.it/2023/05/decreto-alluvione-2-miliardi-bonaccini-commissario-lega/",
648
+ "82": "https://tg.la7.it/cronaca/alluvione-centro-destra-contro-bonaccini-commissario-25-05-2023-184714",
649
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+ "european commission"
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+ }
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+ {
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+ "title": "2023_Monterey_Park_shooting",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Monterey_Park_shooting",
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+ "summary": "On January 21, 2023, a mass shooting occurred in Monterey Park, California, United States. The gunman killed eleven people and injured nine others. The shooting happened at about 10:22 p.m. PST (UTC-8) at Star Ballroom Dance Studio, after an all-day Lunar New Year Festival was held on a nearby street. Shortly afterwards, the gunman drove north to Lai Lai Ballroom in nearby Alhambra to continue his shooting spree but was confronted by staff and disarmed before fleeing by car. The perpetrator was identified as 72-year-old Huu Can Tran. He died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound during a standoff with police in Torrance the next day. It is the deadliest mass shooting in the history of Los Angeles County.",
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+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Background",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Monterey Park is in the San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County and lies about seven miles (11\u00a0km) east of downtown Los Angeles",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "About 65% of the residents are of Asian descent; in the 1990 census, it became the first city in the mainland United States with a majority of residents of Asian descent",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Tens of thousands of people had gathered nearby on January 21, Lunar New Year's Eve, for the start of the two-day festival, one of the largest Lunar New Year's celebrations in Southern California",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-22/la-me-monterey-park-mass-shooting",
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jan/22/monterey-park-shooting-los-angeles-lunar-new-year-festival",
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+ "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-22/la-me-monterey-park-mass-shooting",
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64364144"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The festival was scheduled to end at 9:00\u00a0p.m",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://apnews.com/article/los-angeles-24c38e3f3ddfbe2c31a9eabe8635dab2"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "that day and continue the next day",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The event for Sunday was canceled",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Star Ballroom Dance Studio is a Chinese-owned dance studio in the 100 block of West Garvey Avenue, near the intersection of Garfield Avenue",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It was holding a Lunar New Year countdown dance party from 8:00\u00a0p.m",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/2023/01/22/shooting-at-monterey-park-lunar-new-year-event-investigated",
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+ "https://www.npr.org/2023/01/22/1150642882/monterey-park-lunar-new-year-shooting-10-dead"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "to 12:30\u00a0a.m., which was not part of the festival",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/22/us/monterey-park-dance.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Star Ballroom's dance parties and the studio generally, are popular with older Asian Americans",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-us-canada-64365251?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=63cd473b267de80d2199eb50%26Festival%20distances%20itself%20from%20shooting%262023-01-22T15%3A11%3A45.616Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:44e571de-916a-4314-8498-65b205d22a52&pinned_post_asset_id=63cd473b267de80d2199eb50&pinned_post_type=share"
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+ "section_title": "Events",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "section_title": "Monterey Park shooting",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Gunfire was reported at the Star Ballroom at 10:22\u00a0p.m",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "on January 21, 2023",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The gunman fled the scene",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/2023/01/22/shooting-at-monterey-park-lunar-new-year-event-investigated",
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+ "https://apnews.com/article/los-angeles-24c38e3f3ddfbe2c31a9eabe8635dab2",
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+ "https://www.npr.org/2023/01/22/1150642882/monterey-park-lunar-new-year-shooting-10-dead"
87
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Monterey Park police responded within three minutes of the first 9-1-1 call, finding \"individuals pouring out of the location screaming\" when they arrived",
91
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Ten people were pronounced dead at the scene",
95
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/01/23/monterey-park-shooting-what-happened/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Ten others were taken to local hospitals",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/22/us/monterey-park-california-shooting/index.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The gunman used a Cobray M-11/9, a semi-automatic pistol variant of the MAC-11 with an extended high-capacity magazine",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.npr.org/2023/01/22/1150642882/monterey-park-lunar-new-year-shooting-10-dead",
109
+ "https://ktla.com/news/local-news/ap-police-respond-to-reported-shooting-in-los-angeles-area-city/",
110
+ "https://www.thetrace.org/2023/01/monterey-park-shooting-gun-weapon-used/",
111
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230126083815/https://www.ocregister.com/2023/01/25/monterey-park-mass-shooter-hadnt-been-to-studio-for-5-years-motive-still-sought-sheriff-says/",
112
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230126141041/https://local.nixle.com/alert/9890665/"
113
+ ]
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+ },
115
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The gun and the high-capacity magazine are illegal in California",
117
+ "refs": [
118
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/us/what-guns-were-used-attack-lunar-new-year-party-california-2023-01-24/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "According to the county sheriff Robert Luna, the weapon was purchased in Monterey Park in 1999 but not registered",
123
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He also described the gunman as a male Asian wearing a black leather jacket, a black-and-white beanie, and glasses",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://apnews.com/article/hong-kong-homicide-california-los-angeles-asian-americans-7cfc9173b2397b3dbfaa61ab3ad0fbcf"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Tran fired 42 rounds in the dance hall",
133
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "An unnamed witness to the shooting told the media that the gunman began \"shooting everybody\" in the ballroom and shooting some victims again while walking around",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://apnews.com/article/monterey-park-california-shooting-updates-adf80afdeb201b866ec4c39a201f820b"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The studio's owner and manager, Ming Wei Ma reportedly was the first to rush the shooter, but was killed",
143
+ "refs": [
144
+ "https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/monterey-park-mass-shooting-witness-describes-the-chaotic-scene-inside-star-ballroom-dance-studio/",
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+ "https://edition.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_f1fca49e0d45931a594d4068b268cf07"
146
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "One dancer, Yu Lan Kao, was killed shielding others from gunfire",
150
+ "refs": [
151
+ "https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/monterey-park-mass-shooting-witnesses-identify-one-of-the-men-killed/"
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+ ]
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+ },
154
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Others may have done so as well",
156
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The police took about five hours to alert the general public that the shooter was at large, although information was sent to police scanners and other government agencies",
160
+ "refs": []
161
+ },
162
+ {
163
+ "sentence": "Scott Wiese, the city's new police chief (who started work two days before the shooting) said he did not wish to awaken the residents, who are predominantly Asian American, just because the police was \"looking for a male Asian in Monterey Park\"",
164
+ "refs": [
165
+ "https://apnews.com/article/politics-law-enforcement-los-angeles-california-shootings-024e51999209bfb311f4d2f71690be52",
166
+ "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-24/police-took-hours-to-warn-public-about-monterey-park-shooter"
167
+ ]
168
+ },
169
+ {
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+ "sentence": "He also said that the police did not want to risk sharing the wrong information because it had about 40 witnesses, many of whom did not speak English",
171
+ "refs": []
172
+ }
173
+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "section_title": "Alhambra incident",
178
+ "section_content": [
179
+ {
180
+ "sentence": "A second incident occurred three miles (4.8\u00a0km) away in Alhambra, approximately 17 minutes after the Monterey Park shooting",
181
+ "refs": []
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+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "sentence": "A gunman entered the Lai Lai Ballroom and Studio on South Garfield Avenue",
185
+ "refs": []
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "sentence": "Brandon Tsay, a 26-year-old computer programmer whose family owns the Lai Lai ballroom, confronted the gunman in the lobby, wrestled the gun away, and chased him out",
189
+ "refs": []
190
+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "sentence": "His actions were lauded as heroic",
193
+ "refs": [
194
+ "https://archive.today/20230123204846/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-23/hero-disarms-monterey-park-shooter",
195
+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-64376209"
196
+ ]
197
+ },
198
+ {
199
+ "sentence": "The gunman fled in a white cargo van",
200
+ "refs": []
201
+ },
202
+ {
203
+ "sentence": "He was later identified as the Monterey Park gunman",
204
+ "refs": [
205
+ "https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/monterey-park-mass-shooting-2nd-possible-scene-in-alhambra-being-investigated-for-any-connection/",
206
+ "https://news.yahoo.com/2nd-scene-alhambra-cleared-police-145419766.html",
207
+ "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_d7fd403b1a7674c9c2f06892df15a0fe",
208
+ "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_0c611137567474b49b7a091cae2db9db"
209
+ ]
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+ },
211
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The suspect was identified by the weapon seized at the Alhambra scene, which gave authorities his name and description",
213
+ "refs": [
214
+ "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_0c611137567474b49b7a091cae2db9db"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ "subsections": []
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Gunman's suicide",
222
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
224
+ "sentence": "Around 10:20\u00a0a.m",
225
+ "refs": []
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "sentence": "on January 22, 2023, nearly 22 miles (35\u00a0km) away from the second attempted shooting site in Alhambra, police pulled over a van matching the description of the one seen leaving the Alhambra scene at a parking lot in Torrance",
229
+ "refs": [
230
+ "https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/local/2023/01/23/monterey-park-shooting-hemet-man-huu-can-tran-named-as-gunman/69833350007/",
231
+ "https://apnews.com/article/los-angeles-24c38e3f3ddfbe2c31a9eabe8635dab2"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The stop was made near the intersections of Sepulveda and Hawthorne boulevards",
236
+ "refs": []
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+ },
238
+ {
239
+ "sentence": "The van's license plates appeared to be stolen",
240
+ "refs": [
241
+ "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-22/la-me-monterey-park-mass-shooting"
242
+ ]
243
+ },
244
+ {
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+ "sentence": "As officers approached the van, they heard a single gunshot coming from inside, retreated, and requested tactical units to respond",
246
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "During the standoff SWAT officers, both visually from their armored vehicles and via a drone-mounted camera, observed the man in the driver's seat slumped over the steering wheel of the van",
250
+ "refs": [
251
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64368796"
252
+ ]
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "sentence": "He died by a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head from a Norinco 7.62\u00d725\u00a0mm handgun",
256
+ "refs": [
257
+ "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/live-blog/live-updates-mass-shooting-monterey-park-california-manhunt-gunman-lun-rcna66887"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He was identified as the gunman responsible for both the Monterey Park shooting and the Alhambra incident",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Victims",
271
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
273
+ "sentence": "Ten people, five men and five women, died at the scene \u2013 Valentino Marcos Alvero, 68, Hongying Jian, 62, Yu Lun Kao, 72, Lilan Li, 63, Ming Wei Ma, 72, My My Nhan, 65, Muoi Dai Ung, 67, Chia Ling Yau, 76, Wen Tau Yu, 64, and Xiujuan Yu, 57",
274
+ "refs": []
275
+ },
276
+ {
277
+ "sentence": "Among them were Star Ballroom's owner and manager Ming Wei Ma and three citizens from Taiwan",
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+ "refs": [
279
+ "https://mec.lacounty.gov/2023/press-releases/monterey-park-mass-shooting-victims-identified/",
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+ "https://nypost.com/2023/01/24/all-11-monterey-park-mass-shooting-victims-have-been-ided/amp/"
281
+ ]
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+ },
283
+ {
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+ "sentence": "An eleventh victim, Diana Man Ling Tom, 70, died at the LAC+USC Medical Center the day after the attack",
285
+ "refs": [
286
+ "https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/monterey-park-mass-shooting-witnesses-identify-one-of-the-men-killed/",
287
+ "https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/2023/01/24/monterey-park-shooting-victim-ming-wei-ma-was-the-heart-of-star-ballroom-dance-studio",
288
+ "https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202301250005"
289
+ ]
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "sentence": "Nine more people were injured in the shooting; seven of them remained hospitalized as of January 22, some in critical condition",
293
+ "refs": [
294
+ "https://www.latimes.com/projects/monterey-park-shooting-victims-tribute/",
295
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/article/monterey-park-shooting-victims.html",
296
+ "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-23/victims-identified-in-the-monterey-park-shooting"
297
+ ]
298
+ }
299
+ ],
300
+ "subsections": []
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "section_title": "Perpetrator",
304
+ "section_content": [
305
+ {
306
+ "sentence": "The gunman was identified as 72-year-old Huu Can Tran (August 15, 1950 \u2013 January 22, 2023)",
307
+ "refs": []
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "He was reportedly from China or Vietnam, according to different sources",
311
+ "refs": [
312
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_f1fca49e0d45931a594d4068b268cf07",
313
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-california-mass-shooting-monday/index.html"
314
+ ]
315
+ },
316
+ {
317
+ "sentence": "Tran became a naturalized U.S",
318
+ "refs": [
319
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/23/us/huu-can-tran-monterey-park-shooting-what-we-know/index.html",
320
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-shooting-suspect.html",
321
+ "https://apnews.com/article/hong-kong-homicide-california-los-angeles-asian-americans-7cfc9173b2397b3dbfaa61ab3ad0fbcf"
322
+ ]
323
+ },
324
+ {
325
+ "sentence": "citizen in 1990 or 1991 and settled in the city of San Gabriel",
326
+ "refs": []
327
+ },
328
+ {
329
+ "sentence": "In 2013, he sold his San Gabriel home, which was a five-minute drive away from the Star Ballroom",
330
+ "refs": [
331
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-shooting-suspect.html",
332
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_f1fca49e0d45931a594d4068b268cf07"
333
+ ]
334
+ },
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "In 2020, Tran bought a double-wide trailer in a senior community at a mobile home park in Hemet, a suburb about 85 miles (137\u00a0km) east of Los Angeles",
337
+ "refs": [
338
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_f1fca49e0d45931a594d4068b268cf07",
339
+ "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-22/la-me-monterey-park-mass-shooting",
340
+ "https://www.ocregister.com/2023/01/22/new-details-on-deadly-monterey-park-mass-shooting-emerge/"
341
+ ]
342
+ },
343
+ {
344
+ "sentence": "He lived there at the time of the shooting",
345
+ "refs": []
346
+ },
347
+ {
348
+ "sentence": "In the late-1990s, Tran met his wife-to-be at the Star Ballroom Dance Studio, where he taught informal dance lessons and was a regular patron; they were married in 2001",
349
+ "refs": []
350
+ },
351
+ {
352
+ "sentence": "Four years later, Tran filed for a divorce, which was approved in 2006",
353
+ "refs": []
354
+ },
355
+ {
356
+ "sentence": "His ex-wife stated that he was never violent while around her but was \"quick to anger\"",
357
+ "refs": [
358
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_f1fca49e0d45931a594d4068b268cf07"
359
+ ]
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "sentence": "He frequented both Star Ballroom and Lai Lai several years ago, sometimes volunteering as a dance instructor, but ended up clashing with the people there",
363
+ "refs": [
364
+ "https://www.yahoo.com/now/ex-wife-monterey-park-mass-170329250.html"
365
+ ]
366
+ },
367
+ {
368
+ "sentence": "According to the sheriff, Tran had not been to Star Ballroom in at least five years and did not appear to be targeting specific victims",
369
+ "refs": [
370
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-shooting-suspect.html"
371
+ ]
372
+ },
373
+ {
374
+ "sentence": "According to the police department in Hemet, where Tran lived, he visited the station there on January 7 and January 9 alleging that his family was poisoning him and trying to steal money from him",
375
+ "refs": [
376
+ "https://apnews.com/article/hong-kong-homicide-california-los-angeles-asian-americans-7cfc9173b2397b3dbfaa61ab3ad0fbcf"
377
+ ]
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "sentence": "He was asked to return with evidence but never did",
381
+ "refs": []
382
+ },
383
+ {
384
+ "sentence": "Tran was previously arrested by San Gabriel Police for unlawful possession of a firearm from a possible robbery at a liquor store in November 1990, but he did not have a substantial criminal history",
385
+ "refs": []
386
+ },
387
+ {
388
+ "sentence": "Tran had a history of multiple 911 hangups and domestic disturbance incidents according to records from the San Gabriel Police Department dated as early as 1992",
389
+ "refs": [
390
+ "https://apnews.com/article/monterey-park-california-shooting-updates-adf80afdeb201b866ec4c39a201f820b"
391
+ ]
392
+ },
393
+ {
394
+ "sentence": "After the shooting, authorities searched Tran's home pursuant to a search warrant",
395
+ "refs": []
396
+ },
397
+ {
398
+ "sentence": "Law enforcement found a Savage Arms .308 caliber bolt-action rifle, hundreds of rounds of ammunition, and items suggesting that Tran was manufacturing suppressors",
399
+ "refs": [
400
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-california-mass-shooting-monday/index.html",
401
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/01/23/monterey-park-shooting-what-happened/",
402
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-california-mass-shooting-monday/index.html",
403
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/01/23/monterey-park-shooting-what-happened/",
404
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230126083815/https://www.ocregister.com/2023/01/25/monterey-park-mass-shooter-hadnt-been-to-studio-for-5-years-motive-still-sought-sheriff-says/",
405
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230126141041/https://local.nixle.com/alert/9890665/",
406
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-california-mass-shooting-monday/index.html",
407
+ "https://apnews.com/article/monterey-park-california-shooting-updates-adf80afdeb201b866ec4c39a201f820b"
408
+ ]
409
+ },
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "At 72 years of age, Tran became the second-oldest mass killer in U.S",
412
+ "refs": []
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "sentence": "history, behind 73-year-old Carey Hal Dyess who, on June 2, 2011, shot and killed five people, including his wife, before killing himself near Yuma, Arizona",
416
+ "refs": []
417
+ }
418
+ ],
419
+ "subsections": []
420
+ },
421
+ {
422
+ "section_title": "Reactions",
423
+ "section_content": [
424
+ {
425
+ "sentence": "During the manhunt for the gunman, President Joe Biden instructed the Federal Bureau of Investigation to provide full support to the local authorities",
426
+ "refs": []
427
+ },
428
+ {
429
+ "sentence": "He later offered condolences and ordered flags at the White House to be flown at half-staff",
430
+ "refs": [
431
+ "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-22/la-me-monterey-park-mass-shooting"
432
+ ]
433
+ },
434
+ {
435
+ "sentence": "Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass called the shooting \"absolutely devastating\", and Governor Gavin Newsom said that he was \"monitoring the situation closely\"",
436
+ "refs": [
437
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/22/politics/biden-statement-monterey-park-shooting/index.html"
438
+ ]
439
+ },
440
+ {
441
+ "sentence": "In the days after the shooting, Newsom visited Tsay to thank him for his heroism, and attended a meeting between the victims in hospital",
442
+ "refs": [
443
+ "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_f5c01559d18dda847a7bac57cbb8e0ff",
444
+ "https://ktla.com/news/local-news/26-year-old-man-who-disarmed-monterey-park-gunman-visited-by-gov-newsom/"
445
+ ]
446
+ },
447
+ {
448
+ "sentence": "The second day of Monterey Park's Lunar New Year festival was canceled",
449
+ "refs": []
450
+ },
451
+ {
452
+ "sentence": "Security preparations were stepped up ahead of Lunar New Year celebrations in New York City, Miami, and Los Angeles",
453
+ "refs": [
454
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/22/us/monterey-park-california-shooting/index.html"
455
+ ]
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "sentence": "Moments of silence across the country were held at Lunar New Year festivities as well as sporting events involving teams from Los Angeles",
459
+ "refs": []
460
+ },
461
+ {
462
+ "sentence": "It became the deadliest mass shooting in the history of Los Angeles County, exceeding the death toll of a massacre in Covina in 2008",
463
+ "refs": []
464
+ },
465
+ {
466
+ "sentence": "The Monterey Park shooting was the second of three mass shootings in California in about a week, preceded by a house shooting in Goshen and followed by another shooting in Half Moon Bay, the three shootings killing a combined total of 24 people",
467
+ "refs": [
468
+ "https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/suspect-monterey-park-lunar-new-year-celebration-shooting-identified-72-year-old-man/3078904/",
469
+ "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-22/la-me-monterey-park-mass-shooting"
470
+ ]
471
+ },
472
+ {
473
+ "sentence": "It was also the fifth mass killing in the United States since the beginning of 2023",
474
+ "refs": [
475
+ "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-24/california-reeling-from-back-to-back-mass-shootings",
476
+ "https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/01/24/california-tops-deadliest-month-of-mass-shootings-in-at-least-a-decade/"
477
+ ]
478
+ }
479
+ ],
480
+ "subsections": []
481
+ },
482
+ {
483
+ "section_title": "See also",
484
+ "section_content": [],
485
+ "subsections": []
486
+ }
487
+ ],
488
+ "references": {
489
+ "1": "https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/2023/01/22/shooting-at-monterey-park-lunar-new-year-event-investigated",
490
+ "2": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/live-blog/live-updates-mass-shooting-monterey-park-california-manhunt-gunman-lun-rcna66887",
491
+ "3": "https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/01/26/us/monterey-park-shooting-gun.html",
492
+ "4": "https://abcnews.go.com/US/monterey-park-shooting-suspect-connection-victims-police/story?id=96685273",
493
+ "5": "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-22/la-me-monterey-park-mass-shooting",
494
+ "6": "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/22/us/monterey-park-california-shooting/index.html",
495
+ "7": "https://apnews.com/article/los-angeles-24c38e3f3ddfbe2c31a9eabe8635dab2",
496
+ "8": "https://ktla.com/news/local-news/ap-police-respond-to-reported-shooting-in-los-angeles-area-city/",
497
+ "9": "https://www.reuters.com/world/us/mass-shooters-motive-elusive-monterey-park-mourns-10-dead-2023-01-23/",
498
+ "10": "https://apnews.com/article/monterey-park-california-shooting-updates-adf80afdeb201b866ec4c39a201f820b",
499
+ "11": "https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jan/22/monterey-park-shooting-los-angeles-lunar-new-year-festival",
500
+ "12": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64364144",
501
+ "13": "https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-us-canada-64365251?ns_mchannel=social&ns_source=twitter&ns_campaign=bbc_live&ns_linkname=63cd473b267de80d2199eb50%26Festival%20distances%20itself%20from%20shooting%262023-01-22T15%3A11%3A45.616Z&ns_fee=0&pinned_post_locator=urn:asset:44e571de-916a-4314-8498-65b205d22a52&pinned_post_asset_id=63cd473b267de80d2199eb50&pinned_post_type=share",
502
+ "14": "https://www.npr.org/2023/01/22/1150642882/monterey-park-lunar-new-year-shooting-10-dead",
503
+ "15": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/22/us/monterey-park-dance.html",
504
+ "16": "https://apnews.com/article/monterey-park-shooting-victims-98c7124322ca58ad5911f26b2b8efbf8",
505
+ "17": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-shooting-victims.html",
506
+ "18": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2023/01/23/monterey-park-shooting-what-happened/",
507
+ "19": "https://ktla.com/news/local-news/ap-police-respond-to-reported-shooting-in-los-angeles-area-city/",
508
+ "20": "https://www.thetrace.org/2023/01/monterey-park-shooting-gun-weapon-used/",
509
+ "21": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230126083815/https://www.ocregister.com/2023/01/25/monterey-park-mass-shooter-hadnt-been-to-studio-for-5-years-motive-still-sought-sheriff-says/",
510
+ "22": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230126141041/https://local.nixle.com/alert/9890665/",
511
+ "23": "https://www.reuters.com/world/us/what-guns-were-used-attack-lunar-new-year-party-california-2023-01-24/",
512
+ "24": "https://apnews.com/article/hong-kong-homicide-california-los-angeles-asian-americans-7cfc9173b2397b3dbfaa61ab3ad0fbcf",
513
+ "25": "https://abc7.com/monterey-park-mass-shooting-california-lunar-new-year-event-dead/12725372/",
514
+ "26": "https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/monterey-park-mass-shooting-witness-describes-the-chaotic-scene-inside-star-ballroom-dance-studio/",
515
+ "27": "https://edition.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_f1fca49e0d45931a594d4068b268cf07",
516
+ "28": "https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/monterey-park-mass-shooting-witnesses-identify-one-of-the-men-killed/",
517
+ "29": "https://nypost.com/2023/01/24/all-11-monterey-park-mass-shooting-victims-have-been-ided/amp/",
518
+ "30": "https://apnews.com/article/politics-law-enforcement-los-angeles-california-shootings-024e51999209bfb311f4d2f71690be52",
519
+ "31": "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-24/police-took-hours-to-warn-public-about-monterey-park-shooter",
520
+ "32": "https://archive.today/20230123204846/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-23/hero-disarms-monterey-park-shooter",
521
+ "33": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-64376209",
522
+ "34": "https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/monterey-park-mass-shooting-2nd-possible-scene-in-alhambra-being-investigated-for-any-connection/",
523
+ "35": "https://news.yahoo.com/2nd-scene-alhambra-cleared-police-145419766.html",
524
+ "36": "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_d7fd403b1a7674c9c2f06892df15a0fe",
525
+ "37": "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_0c611137567474b49b7a091cae2db9db",
526
+ "38": "https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/23/us/huu-can-tran-monterey-park-shooting-what-we-know/index.html",
527
+ "39": "https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/local/2023/01/23/monterey-park-shooting-hemet-man-huu-can-tran-named-as-gunman/69833350007/",
528
+ "40": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-64368796",
529
+ "41": "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-22/la-me-monterey-park-mass-shooting",
530
+ "42": "https://mec.lacounty.gov/2023/press-releases/monterey-park-mass-shooting-victims-identified/",
531
+ "43": "https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/2023/01/24/monterey-park-shooting-victim-ming-wei-ma-was-the-heart-of-star-ballroom-dance-studio",
532
+ "44": "https://focustaiwan.tw/society/202301250005",
533
+ "45": "https://www.latimes.com/projects/monterey-park-shooting-victims-tribute/",
534
+ "46": "https://www.nytimes.com/article/monterey-park-shooting-victims.html",
535
+ "47": "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-23/victims-identified-in-the-monterey-park-shooting",
536
+ "48": "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-california-mass-shooting-monday/index.html",
537
+ "49": "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/23/us/huu-can-tran-monterey-park-shooting-what-we-know/index.html",
538
+ "50": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-shooting-suspect.html",
539
+ "51": "https://www.ocregister.com/2023/01/22/new-details-on-deadly-monterey-park-mass-shooting-emerge/",
540
+ "52": "https://www.yahoo.com/now/ex-wife-monterey-park-mass-170329250.html",
541
+ "53": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/23/us/monterey-park-shooting-suspect.html",
542
+ "54": "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-30/huu-can-tran-police-paranoia",
543
+ "55": "https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/monterey-park-gunmans-police-record-reveals-concealed-weapon-arrest/",
544
+ "56": "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-23/monterey-park-suspect-is-oldest-known-mass-shooter-in-u-s",
545
+ "57": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2023/01/23/california-mass-shooting-suspect-oldest-history/11107843002/",
546
+ "58": "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/22/politics/biden-statement-monterey-park-shooting/index.html",
547
+ "59": "https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/los-angeles-mass-shooting-01-22-2023/h_f5c01559d18dda847a7bac57cbb8e0ff",
548
+ "60": "https://ktla.com/news/local-news/26-year-old-man-who-disarmed-monterey-park-gunman-visited-by-gov-newsom/",
549
+ "61": "https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/newsom-reacts-half-moon-bay-shootings-that-killed-7/",
550
+ "62": "https://twitter.com/GavinNewsom/status/1617697681668984838",
551
+ "63": "https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/22/us/lunar-new-year-security-shooting-asian-american-celebrations/index.html",
552
+ "64": "https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/local/moment-of-silence-ahead-of-lunar-new-year-festivities/509-759365bf-a826-41d8-a433-7729d9cc7ea1",
553
+ "65": "https://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/35520806/lakers-clips-hold-moment-silence-monterey-park-shooting-victims",
554
+ "66": "https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/suspect-monterey-park-lunar-new-year-celebration-shooting-identified-72-year-old-man/3078904/",
555
+ "67": "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-22/la-me-monterey-park-mass-shooting",
556
+ "68": "https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-01-24/california-reeling-from-back-to-back-mass-shootings",
557
+ "69": "https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/01/24/california-tops-deadliest-month-of-mass-shootings-in-at-least-a-decade/",
558
+ "70": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/monterey-park-mass-shooting-los-angeles-california-deaths/"
559
+ },
560
+ "spicy_entities": {
561
+ "2023_monterey_park_shooting": "CARDINAL",
562
+ "january 21, 2023": "DATE",
563
+ "monterey park": "GPE",
564
+ "california": "GPE",
565
+ "united states": "GPE",
566
+ "eleven": "CARDINAL",
567
+ "nine": "CARDINAL",
568
+ "about 10:22 p.m. pst": "TIME",
569
+ "dance studio": "PERSON",
570
+ "all-day": "DATE",
571
+ "lunar new year festival": "EVENT",
572
+ "lai lai ballroom": "ORG",
573
+ "72-year-old": "DATE",
574
+ "huu can tran": "WORK_OF_ART",
575
+ "torrance": "GPE",
576
+ "the next day": "DATE",
577
+ "los angeles county": "GPE",
578
+ "the san gabriel valley": "LOC",
579
+ "about seven miles": "QUANTITY",
580
+ "11\u00a0km": "QUANTITY",
581
+ "los angeles": "GPE",
582
+ "about 65%": "PERCENT",
583
+ "asian": "NORP",
584
+ "1990": "DATE",
585
+ "first": "ORDINAL",
586
+ "tens of thousands": "CARDINAL",
587
+ "january 21": "DATE",
588
+ "lunar new year's eve": "EVENT",
589
+ "two-day": "DATE",
590
+ "lunar new year's": "EVENT",
591
+ "southern california": "LOC",
592
+ "that day": "DATE",
593
+ "sunday": "DATE",
594
+ "chinese": "NORP",
595
+ "100": "CARDINAL",
596
+ "west garvey avenue": "FAC",
597
+ "garfield avenue": "FAC",
598
+ "lunar new year": "EVENT",
599
+ "8:00": "TIME",
600
+ "12:30\u00a0a.m.": "TIME",
601
+ "asian americans": "NORP",
602
+ "gunfire": "PERSON",
603
+ "the star ballroom": "FAC",
604
+ "10:22\u00a0p.m.": "TIME",
605
+ "three minutes": "TIME",
606
+ "ten": "CARDINAL",
607
+ "cobray": "ORG",
608
+ "robert luna": "PERSON",
609
+ "1999": "DATE",
610
+ "tran": "PERSON",
611
+ "42": "CARDINAL",
612
+ "ming wei ma": "PERSON",
613
+ "one": "CARDINAL",
614
+ "yu lan kao": "PERSON",
615
+ "about five hours": "TIME",
616
+ "scott wiese": "PERSON",
617
+ "two days": "DATE",
618
+ "asian american": "NORP",
619
+ "about 40": "CARDINAL",
620
+ "english": "LANGUAGE",
621
+ "second": "ORDINAL",
622
+ "three miles": "QUANTITY",
623
+ "4.8\u00a0km": "QUANTITY",
624
+ "alhambra": "GPE",
625
+ "approximately 17 minutes": "TIME",
626
+ "studio": "PERSON",
627
+ "south garfield avenue": "LOC",
628
+ "brandon tsay": "PERSON",
629
+ "26-year-old": "DATE",
630
+ "lai lai": "ORG",
631
+ "gunman": "PERSON",
632
+ "around 10:20\u00a0a.m.": "TIME",
633
+ "january 22, 2023": "DATE",
634
+ "nearly 22 miles": "QUANTITY",
635
+ "35\u00a0km": "QUANTITY",
636
+ "sepulveda": "NORP",
637
+ "swat": "ORG",
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+ "victims": "NORP",
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+ "five": "CARDINAL",
640
+ "valentino marcos alvero": "PERSON",
641
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2023_Odisha_train_collision",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Odisha_train_collision",
4
+ "summary": "On 2 June 2023, three trains collided in Balasore district in Odisha state of eastern India. The Coromandel Express entered the passing loop instead of the main line near Bahanaga Bazar railway station at full speed and collided with a goods train. Due to the high speed of the Coromandel Express, its 21 coaches derailed and three of those collided with the oncoming SMVT Bengaluru\u2013Howrah Superfast Express on the adjacent track.\nA total of 296 people were killed in the crash and more than 1,200 others were injured. It was India's deadliest railway crash since the Firozabad rail collision in 1995, although the Gaisal train collision in 1999 may have killed more people. It was also the deadliest rail disaster worldwide since the 2004 Sri Lanka tsunami train wreck.",
5
+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Crash",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 2 June 2023, the 12841 Coromandel Express was travelling from Shalimar in Howrah, West Bengal, to MGR Chennai Central in Chennai, Tamil Nadu on the up main line at the Bahanaga Bazar railway station",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Around the same time, the 12864 Bengaluru\u2013Howrah Express was travelling in the opposite direction from SMVT Bengaluru in Bangalore, Karnataka, to Howrah on the adjacent down main line",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Both trains, not scheduled to stop at the railway station and having received a green signal indicating it was safe to proceed along the main line, were at their highest permitted speed of 128\u00a0km/h (80\u00a0mph)",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At about 19:00 IST (13:30 GMT), the Coromandel Express was supposed to continue straight on the up main line but was wrongly switched to the parallel up loop line at full speed, where it collided with a stationary goods train laden with iron ore",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Because of the high impact speed, 21 coaches of the train were derailed from the main line",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The goods train did not derail or move",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65801807",
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+ "https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/death-toll-in-odisha-train-accident-rises-to-288/article66927643.ece",
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+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/news/coromandel-express-train-accident-balasore-odisha-triple-train-crash-news-updates-ashwini-vaishnaw-railways-news-101685735547073.html",
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+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-three-train-accident-288-dead-in-indias-worst-train-tragedy-since-1995/articleshow/100733374.cms?from=mdr"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Three of the derailed coaches from the Coromandel Express careened into the adjacent track and whiplashed the tail end of the Bengaluru\u2013Howrah Express crossing the station at the same time",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Two unreserved coaches and the brake van of the Bengaluru\u2013Howrah Express were derailed",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65801807"
46
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The remainder of the train, which included the engine and 20 coaches, left with its passengers and continued to Balasore, where a further damaged coach was detached",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The remaining 19 coaches then continued their journey to the train's destination of Howrah",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It was reported that the reserved compartments of the Bengaluru\u2013Howrah Express sustained no passenger fatalities or injuries",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Officials said that ascertaining the identification of passengers on the unreserved coaches would take time",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "According to the Indian Railways spokesperson, the engine, parcel van and two general coaches of the Coromandel Express were the worst impacted in the incident",
66
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "According to Reuters\u2019 analysis, on the two passenger trains, the carriages worst damaged were the non-air conditioned ones, some of which were unreserved coaches that are often the most crowded and that allow anyone with the cheapest category ticket to board without a specific seat reserved for them",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "These unreserved and general coaches are frequently used by migrant workers across India",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Emergency response",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Indian Railways published the reservation charts of both the passenger trains on its website",
84
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "[\u2021 1] [\u2021 2] The railways and the governments of Odisha, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu also issued helpline numbers",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "According to the Odisha Chief Secretary Pradeep Jena, three National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) units, four Odisha Disaster Rapid Action Force units, more than 15 fire rescue teams, 100 doctors, 200 police personnel and 200 ambulances were mobilised for the rescue operations",
92
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.indianrail.gov.in/StaticContents/acc_chart_12841.html",
94
+ "https://www.indianrail.gov.in/StaticContents/acc_chart_12864.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It was reported that four other NDRF teams were on the way to the crash site",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "[needs update] Local bus companies assisted in transporting injured passengers",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Local civilians provided passengers with water and helped them retrieve their luggage where possible",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.livemint.com/news/india/odisha-train-accident-check-complete-list-of-helpline-numbers-issued-so-far-11685760961179.html",
109
+ "https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/chennai/coromandel-express-emergency-control-room-has-been-activated-514675.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Government of West Bengal sent 30 ambulances to assist with the rescue and recovery of the wounded",
114
+ "refs": []
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+ },
116
+ {
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+ "sentence": "In addition, 40 doctors and several nursing staff were sent",
118
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Government of Tamil Nadu sent a high level delegation comprising two state ministers and three IAS officers to Odisha to assist the passengers bound for Chennai and observe the situation",
122
+ "refs": [
123
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65793257"
124
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It also arranged a treatment facility with 70 beds at Chennai's Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital",
128
+ "refs": []
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+ },
130
+ {
131
+ "sentence": "The search for and recovery of trapped and injured passengers continued through the night of 2 June and was concluded on the afternoon of 3 June",
132
+ "refs": []
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "sentence": "Search dogs were used to find survivors",
136
+ "refs": [
137
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/balasore-train-disaster-centurys-biggest-says-mamata-banerjee/articleshow/100727077.cms",
138
+ "https://www.news18.com/india/odisha-train-accident-tamil-nadu-govt-sends-ministerial-delegation-to-coordinate-rescue-7992895.html"
139
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
142
+ "sentence": "South Eastern Railway announced that efforts had commenced to restore the crash site the next day",
143
+ "refs": [
144
+ "https://www.news18.com/india/odisha-train-accident-tamil-nadu-govt-sends-ministerial-delegation-to-coordinate-rescue-7992895.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "A number of locals from Balasore, Bhadrak, and Cuttack came to hospitals to donate blood",
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+ "refs": [
150
+ "https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/chennai/coromandel-express-emergency-control-room-has-been-activated-514675.html"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
156
+ {
157
+ "section_title": "Victims",
158
+ "section_content": [
159
+ {
160
+ "sentence": "A total of 296 people died in the crash",
161
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Almost all of the dead were in the first three cars of the Coromandel Express, in the so-called general category coaches, where many passengers stand",
165
+ "refs": [
166
+ "https://m.rediff.com/news/report/odisha-train-accident-cbi-charges-3-railway-officials-with-culpable-homicide/20230902.htm"
167
+ ]
168
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Bodies of deceased passengers were taken to a local high school, chosen due to its open spaces and location close to the crash site",
171
+ "refs": [
172
+ "https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/odisha-train-accident-coromandel-express-latest-b2350743.html"
173
+ ]
174
+ },
175
+ {
176
+ "sentence": "Identification of bodies was made more difficult due to burns or other trauma, causing officials to use luggage, phones, and other belongings to try to identify the passengers",
177
+ "refs": [
178
+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indias-biggest-train-accident-in-28-years-leaves-294-dead-and-1-110-injured-hospitals-overwhelmed-in-rural-odisha-101685819446713.html"
179
+ ]
180
+ },
181
+ {
182
+ "sentence": "The rail service only had names for passengers with reserved seats",
183
+ "refs": [
184
+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indias-biggest-train-accident-in-28-years-leaves-294-dead-and-1-110-injured-hospitals-overwhelmed-in-rural-odisha-101685819446713.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Over 1,200 people were injured in the crash",
189
+ "refs": []
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+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "sentence": "By the evening of 3 June, Odisha government officials said that 1,175 people had been admitted to hospitals as a result of the crash; 793 of those people had been released, and 382 were still undergoing treatment",
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+ "refs": [
194
+ "https://m.rediff.com/news/report/odisha-train-accident-cbi-charges-3-railway-officials-with-culpable-homicide/20230902.htm"
195
+ ]
196
+ },
197
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Local hospitals were overwhelmed by the influx of injured people, but worked to provide patients with adequate care",
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+ "refs": [
200
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/balasore-train-disaster-centurys-biggest-says-mamata-banerjee/articleshow/100727077.cms"
201
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Both the driver and assistant driver of the Coromandel Express survived the crash",
205
+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "section_title": "Aftermath",
212
+ "section_content": [
213
+ {
214
+ "sentence": "The railways announced that they would pay compensation of \u20b910 lakh (US$13,000) to families of the deceased, \u20b92 lakh (US$2,500) to the severely injured and \u20b950,000 (US$630) to those with minor injuries",
215
+ "refs": []
216
+ },
217
+ {
218
+ "sentence": "Further, ex gratia compensation of \u20b92 lakh from the PMNRF would be given to the families of the deceased and \u20b950,000 to the injured",
219
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
222
+ "sentence": "West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee announced that \u20b95 lakh (US$6,300) in compensation would be paid to families of passengers from West Bengal who had been killed, \u20b91 lakh (US$1,300) to those who had been critically injured, and \u20b950,000 to those with minor injuries",
223
+ "refs": []
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "Following the crash, NDTV reported that at least 48 trains on the affected route had been cancelled, 39 trains had been diverted onto a different route, and 10 had been short-terminated; Hindustan Times reported that more than 150 trains were impacted",
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+ "refs": [
228
+ "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/odisha-train-accident-death-count-in-odisha-train-accident-rises-to-207-says-chief-secretary-4090267"
229
+ ]
230
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The inaugural run of the Mumbai CSMT\u2013Madgaon Vande Bharat Express, which had been scheduled for 3 June, was cancelled",
233
+ "refs": [
234
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/balasore-train-disaster-centurys-biggest-says-mamata-banerjee/articleshow/100727077.cms"
235
+ ]
236
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Ministry of Civil Aviation directed airlines to ensure that airfares would not surge in response to increased travel demand",
239
+ "refs": [
240
+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-train-mishap-what-we-know-so-far-about-coromandel-express-accident-101685720829940.html"
241
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Bus fares in the region, however, showed a steep rise",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/odisha-train-tragedy-accident-balasore-mishap-railways-minister-ashwini-vaishnaw-on-mamata-banerjee-latest-updates-2023-06-03-874140"
247
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Two trains, the Bengaluru\u2013Howrah Express and a special train, arrived at Howrah on 3 June with 643 passengers",
251
+ "refs": []
252
+ },
253
+ {
254
+ "sentence": "Arrangements were made for the passengers' medical needs at the station",
255
+ "refs": []
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+ },
257
+ {
258
+ "sentence": "The critically injured had already been hospitalised in Balasore",
259
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Buses were arranged by the Regional Transport Office to take passengers home",
263
+ "refs": []
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+ },
265
+ {
266
+ "sentence": "Another train left from Bhadrak for Chennai with 195 stranded passengers",
267
+ "refs": [
268
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/train-tragedy-ensure-no-surge-in-orissa-airfares-dont-charge-penalty-from-affected-government-directs-airlines/articleshow/100730224.cms"
269
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "According to an official, it would also board passengers of Coromandel Express at stations on the way",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 3 June, a bus carrying passengers from the crash site to medical facilities in West Bengal crashed into another vehicle in West Bengal's Medinipur",
277
+ "refs": [
278
+ "https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/west-bengal/odisha-train-accident-bus-fares-skyrocket-as-demand-peaks-after-trains-cancelled/na20230603163525507507980"
279
+ ]
280
+ },
281
+ {
282
+ "sentence": "Some passengers may have suffered minor injuries",
283
+ "refs": []
284
+ },
285
+ {
286
+ "sentence": "The passenger train service resumed on 5 June after more than 51 hours of restoration work",
287
+ "refs": [
288
+ "https://indianexpress.com/article/india/howrah-station-turns-into-hospital-odisha-balasore-train-accident-8644090/"
289
+ ]
290
+ }
291
+ ],
292
+ "subsections": []
293
+ },
294
+ {
295
+ "section_title": "Investigation",
296
+ "section_content": [
297
+ {
298
+ "sentence": "A preliminary investigation conducted by Kharagpur railway division officials indicates that the following occurred at the site of crash:",
299
+ "refs": [
300
+ "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/balasore-train-accident-bus-carrying-passengers-collides-with-van-in-bengal-medinipur-2388452-2023-06-03",
301
+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-train-accident-three-way-collision-balasore-passenger-trains-start-running-on-repaired-tracks-indian-railway-101685934295808.html"
302
+ ]
303
+ },
304
+ {
305
+ "sentence": "The railway authorities stated that the anti-collision system had not yet been deployed on the track where the collision happened, despite their having been warned twice in the six months before the incident about the missing anti-collision signalling system and other shortcomings that contributed to causing the derailment",
306
+ "refs": []
307
+ },
308
+ {
309
+ "sentence": "In February 2023, the principal chief operating manager of South Western Railways zone had written to the authorities after the Karnataka Sampark Kranti Express via Ballari Junction narrowly escaped a collision",
310
+ "refs": []
311
+ },
312
+ {
313
+ "sentence": "He had warned South Western Railways that there would be derailments if the glitches in the signalling system remained unfixed",
314
+ "refs": []
315
+ },
316
+ {
317
+ "sentence": "A December 2022 report on derailments by the Comptroller and Auditor General of India had warned that lack of adequate staffing in the safety department by the Indian Railways would impact the quality of maintenance",
318
+ "refs": []
319
+ },
320
+ {
321
+ "sentence": "The report also stated that railway safety funds had fallen short of their target every year for the last four years and were misused for buy electrical appliances, furniture and jackets, develop gardens, and pay salaries and bonuses",
322
+ "refs": []
323
+ },
324
+ {
325
+ "sentence": "That report contradicted the claims by Indian Railways that the accident was not a reflection of deeper safety issues in the system",
326
+ "refs": []
327
+ },
328
+ {
329
+ "sentence": "On 4 June, Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw stated that a \"change in electronic interlocking\", an error in electronic signals, caused the crash",
330
+ "refs": []
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "sentence": "Railway Board member Jaya Varma said that the electronic interlocking system is \"fail-safe\" in 99.9% of cases but this rare case of failure might have been caused by a wire cut during digging or some sort of short circuit",
334
+ "refs": [
335
+ "https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/india-train-crash-cause-1.6865165",
336
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65801807"
337
+ ]
338
+ },
339
+ {
340
+ "sentence": "Vaishnaw said that the railway board had recommended a Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)-led probe, a move that is a deviation from the normal procedure",
341
+ "refs": []
342
+ },
343
+ {
344
+ "sentence": "He claimed that the Commission of Railway Safety (CRS) \"has investigated the matter\"",
345
+ "refs": []
346
+ },
347
+ {
348
+ "sentence": "A former longtime railways worker and board member questioned the government claim of that they had identified the perpetrator, even before identifying the cause of crash, which is not yet known",
349
+ "refs": []
350
+ },
351
+ {
352
+ "sentence": "They also stated CRS personnel are more competent in the matter of Railways than CBI",
353
+ "refs": []
354
+ },
355
+ {
356
+ "sentence": "He said that an advantage of investigation by CRS over the CBI probe is that the CBI probe will only identify the culprits, while the CRS investigation will also uncover systemic failures providing a review of current safety precautions and methods in which the Railways can improve",
357
+ "refs": []
358
+ },
359
+ {
360
+ "sentence": "Vaishnaw also suggested someone had changed the point rails as an act of sabotage",
361
+ "refs": []
362
+ },
363
+ {
364
+ "sentence": "A signalling inspector said this was \"extremely unlikely\" due to time constraints; typically the points are set in the correct direction after getting the signal that the train has passed the previous station, and once the points have been set, they cannot be reset for at least two minutes",
365
+ "refs": []
366
+ },
367
+ {
368
+ "sentence": "At the speed the train was travelling, it would take 141 seconds to reach Bahanaga Bazar station from the previous station (Panpana), leaving less than 20 seconds for a potential saboteur to make the change",
369
+ "refs": []
370
+ },
371
+ {
372
+ "sentence": "Altering the points would also require collusion with the station master",
373
+ "refs": []
374
+ },
375
+ {
376
+ "sentence": "But even if the point was reversed, the question of signalling the green light for train to continue still remains unanswered",
377
+ "refs": []
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "sentence": "On 7 July 2023, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) announced significant progress in the case related to the train accident",
381
+ "refs": []
382
+ },
383
+ {
384
+ "sentence": "The CBI arrested three railway officials believed to be responsible for the accidents",
385
+ "refs": []
386
+ },
387
+ {
388
+ "sentence": "The CBI statement identified them as one technician and two signal engineers employed with Indian Railways",
389
+ "refs": [
390
+ "https://www.tbsnews.net/world/south-asia/india-rail-crash-probe-focuses-electronic-track-management-system-644122"
391
+ ]
392
+ },
393
+ {
394
+ "sentence": "They were charged with culpable homicide and destruction of evidence in a case filed against them",
395
+ "refs": []
396
+ }
397
+ ],
398
+ "subsections": []
399
+ },
400
+ {
401
+ "section_title": "Reactions",
402
+ "section_content": [
403
+ {
404
+ "sentence": "Narendra Modi, the prime minister of India, expressed his distress over the incident and extended his thoughts to the grieving families",
405
+ "refs": []
406
+ },
407
+ {
408
+ "sentence": "Union Home Minister Amit Shah described the incident as \"profoundly distressing.\u201d Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik and the West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee expressed their concerns over the disaster",
409
+ "refs": [
410
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/08/india/india-train-crash-arrests-intl-hnk/index.html",
411
+ "https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/chennai/coromandel-express-emergency-control-room-has-been-activated-514675.html"
412
+ ]
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "sentence": "Leaders from neighbouring countries of India and across the world expressed their condolences for the loss of life, and extended support to India",
416
+ "refs": [
417
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/07/three-arrested-in-india-over-train-crash-that-killed-nearly-300-people",
418
+ "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/my-thoughts-with-bereaved-families-says-pm-on-odisha-train-accident-4089705"
419
+ ]
420
+ },
421
+ {
422
+ "sentence": "Both the Chief Minister of Odisha and the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu declared a day of mourning and the latter announced a compensation of \u20b95 lakh (US$6,300) to the kin of those who had died",
423
+ "refs": [
424
+ "https://zeenews.india.com/india/odisha-train-accident-world-leaders-pay-condolences-to-victims-2617155.html"
425
+ ]
426
+ },
427
+ {
428
+ "sentence": "According to professor and columnist Apoorvanand, the train accident was used as an opportunity to demonise Muslims",
429
+ "refs": []
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "sentence": "Just after the train crash, posts by accounts known for spreading Hindutva and Bharatiya Janata Party propaganda started circulating on different social media platforms and WhatsApp groups, blaming Muslims for the accident",
433
+ "refs": [
434
+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-train-accident-cm-naveen-patnaik-declares-one-day-state-mourning-101685751563862.html"
435
+ ]
436
+ },
437
+ {
438
+ "sentence": "Many opposition parties, including Indian National Congress, Trinamool Congress, Communist Party of India (Marxist), and Communist Party of India asked for Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw's resignation",
439
+ "refs": []
440
+ },
441
+ {
442
+ "sentence": "Mallikarjun Kharge, president of the All India Congress Committee and former railway minister, referred to a letter from February in which he questioned the Ministry of Railways about their oversight of a crucial warning",
443
+ "refs": []
444
+ },
445
+ {
446
+ "sentence": "He criticized the government for not implementing the anti-train-collision system",
447
+ "refs": [
448
+ "https://scroll.in/article/1050311/even-a-train-tragedy-in-india-is-being-blamed-on-muslims-online"
449
+ ]
450
+ },
451
+ {
452
+ "sentence": "He stated that both the Prime Minister Modi and Railway Minister Vaishnaw seemed reluctant to acknowledge the existence of problems",
453
+ "refs": []
454
+ }
455
+ ],
456
+ "subsections": []
457
+ },
458
+ {
459
+ "section_title": "See also",
460
+ "section_content": [],
461
+ "subsections": []
462
+ },
463
+ {
464
+ "section_title": "References",
465
+ "section_content": [],
466
+ "subsections": [
467
+ {
468
+ "section_title": "Primary sources",
469
+ "section_content": [
470
+ {
471
+ "sentence": "In the text these references are preceded by a double dagger (\u2021):",
472
+ "refs": []
473
+ }
474
+ ],
475
+ "subsections": []
476
+ }
477
+ ]
478
+ },
479
+ {
480
+ "section_title": "External links",
481
+ "section_content": [],
482
+ "subsections": []
483
+ }
484
+ ],
485
+ "references": {
486
+ "1": "https://www.reuters.com/world/india/indian-train-crash-death-toll-jumps-233-900-injured-2023-06-03/",
487
+ "2": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/india-train-crash-cause-1.6865165",
488
+ "3": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65801807",
489
+ "4": "https://m.rediff.com/news/report/odisha-train-accident-cbi-charges-3-railway-officials-with-culpable-homicide/20230902.htm",
490
+ "5": "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/odisha-train-accident-death-count-in-odisha-train-accident-rises-to-207-says-chief-secretary-4090267",
491
+ "6": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/how-to/1991-bihar-to-2023-balasore-train-accident-in-odisha-here-are-indias-deadliest-rail-accidents/articleshow/100718662.cms",
492
+ "7": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65801807",
493
+ "8": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65796173",
494
+ "9": "https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/death-toll-in-odisha-train-accident-rises-to-288/article66927643.ece",
495
+ "10": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/photos/news/coromandel-express-train-accident-balasore-odisha-triple-train-crash-news-updates-ashwini-vaishnaw-railways-news-101685735547073.html",
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+ "11": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-three-train-accident-288-dead-in-indias-worst-train-tragedy-since-1995/articleshow/100733374.cms?from=mdr",
497
+ "12": "https://www.timesnownews.com/bengaluru/bengaluru-howrah-express-train-accident-no-one-from-reserved-coaches-injured-or-dead-article-100723856",
498
+ "13": "https://www.reuters.com/graphics/INDIA-CRASH/RAIL-INVESTIGATION/dwvkdwnbkpm/",
499
+ "16": "https://www.livemint.com/news/india/odisha-train-accident-check-complete-list-of-helpline-numbers-issued-so-far-11685760961179.html",
500
+ "17": "https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/chennai/coromandel-express-emergency-control-room-has-been-activated-514675.html",
501
+ "18": "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/odisha-train-accident-national-disaster-response-force-60-ambulances-reach-site-4089667",
502
+ "19": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65793257",
503
+ "20": "https://apnews.com/article/india-train-derailment-odisha-f272d8811ed7826ea2fb110b8eb26441",
504
+ "21": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/balasore-train-disaster-centurys-biggest-says-mamata-banerjee/articleshow/100727077.cms",
505
+ "22": "https://www.news18.com/india/odisha-train-accident-tamil-nadu-govt-sends-ministerial-delegation-to-coordinate-rescue-7992895.html",
506
+ "23": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-train-crash-balasore-narendra-modi-signal-taken-off-toll-nears-290-top-points-101685812798401.html",
507
+ "24": "https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/odisha-train-accident-coromandel-express-latest-b2350743.html",
508
+ "25": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indias-biggest-train-accident-in-28-years-leaves-294-dead-and-1-110-injured-hospitals-overwhelmed-in-rural-odisha-101685819446713.html",
509
+ "26": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/11/world/asia/india-train-crash.html",
510
+ "27": "https://indianexpress.com/article/india/odisha-train-tragedy-school-becomes-morgue-8644157/",
511
+ "28": "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/odisha-train-accident-injured-coromandel-express-drivers-stable-4095669",
512
+ "29": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/odisha-coromandel-express-train-accident-news-live-several-feared-injured-as-odisha-bahanaga-train-derails/liveblog/100690360.cms",
513
+ "30": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-train-mishap-what-we-know-so-far-about-coromandel-express-accident-101685720829940.html",
514
+ "31": "https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/odisha-train-tragedy-accident-balasore-mishap-railways-minister-ashwini-vaishnaw-on-mamata-banerjee-latest-updates-2023-06-03-874140",
515
+ "32": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/flagging-off-function-of-goa-mumbai-vande-bharat-express-cancelled-following-odisha-train-tragedy/articleshow/100711624.cms",
516
+ "33": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/train-tragedy-ensure-no-surge-in-orissa-airfares-dont-charge-penalty-from-affected-government-directs-airlines/articleshow/100730224.cms",
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+ "34": "https://www.etvbharat.com/english/state/west-bengal/odisha-train-accident-bus-fares-skyrocket-as-demand-peaks-after-trains-cancelled/na20230603163525507507980",
518
+ "35": "https://indianexpress.com/article/india/howrah-station-turns-into-hospital-odisha-balasore-train-accident-8644090/",
519
+ "36": "https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/railways/odisha-rail-accident-1200-stranded-passengers-to-arrive-at-howarh-on-saturday/articleshow/100721175.cms",
520
+ "37": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/balasore-train-accident-bus-carrying-passengers-collides-with-van-in-bengal-medinipur-2388452-2023-06-03",
521
+ "38": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-train-accident-three-way-collision-balasore-passenger-trains-start-running-on-repaired-tracks-indian-railway-101685934295808.html",
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+ "39": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/odisha-tragedy-how-the-3-trains-collided-into-each-other/articleshow/100727427.cms?from=mdr",
523
+ "40": "https://www.firstpost.com/india/odisha-tragedy-preliminary-enquiry-indicates-signalling-failure-caused-train-accident-12686602.html",
524
+ "41": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bhubaneswar/odisha-three-train-accident-288-dead-in-indias-worst-train-tragedy-since-1995/articleshow/100733374.cms",
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+ "42": "https://scroll.in/latest/1050302/odisha-train-accident-railways-got-two-warnings-in-6-months-on-faulty-signalling-poor-track-repair",
526
+ "43": "https://thewire.in/government/cag-report-on-derailments-hard-to-square-with-pmo-claims-on-prioritising-rail-safety",
527
+ "44": "https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/odisha-train-accident-safety-funds-fall-short-amid-indian-govts-focus-on-speed/cid/1942082",
528
+ "45": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230610190247/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/modi-governments-special-fund-for-railway-safety-spent-on-foot-massagers-crockery-winter-jackets-cag-report/cid/1943871",
529
+ "46": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/coromandel-driver-was-conscious-after-train-crash-goods-train-guard-alive-101685927707913.html",
530
+ "47": "https://www.tbsnews.net/world/south-asia/india-rail-crash-probe-focuses-electronic-track-management-system-644122",
531
+ "48": "https://thewire.in/government/cover-your-tracks-the-modi-governments-attitude-after-the-balasore-tragedy",
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+ "49": "https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/08/india/india-train-crash-arrests-intl-hnk/index.html",
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+ "50": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/07/three-arrested-in-india-over-train-crash-that-killed-nearly-300-people",
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+ "51": "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/my-thoughts-with-bereaved-families-says-pm-on-odisha-train-accident-4089705",
535
+ "52": "https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/odisha-train-accident-bengal-government-announces-measures-to-aid-passengers-and-kin-in-distress/cid/1941809",
536
+ "53": "https://indianexpress.com/article/india/coromandel-express-accident-odisha-balasore-deaths-injured-live-updates-8642911/",
537
+ "54": "https://zeenews.india.com/india/odisha-train-accident-world-leaders-pay-condolences-to-victims-2617155.html",
538
+ "55": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-train-tragedy-world-leaders-extend-support-to-india-condole-loss-of-lives-101685802208964.html",
539
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540
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+ "58": "https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2023/6/15/indias-deadly-train-crash-forget-the-truth-blame-it-on-muslims",
542
+ "59": "https://factcheck.afp.com/doc.afp.com.33HC4ZF",
543
+ "60": "https://scroll.in/article/1050311/even-a-train-tragedy-in-india-is-being-blamed-on-muslims-online",
544
+ "61": "https://indianexpress.com/article/india/congress-keeps-attack-on-hold-others-in-opposition-say-govt-must-own-up-8644430/",
545
+ "62": "https://www.independent.co.uk/asia/india/odisha-train-accident-cause-death-toll-latest-b2351336.html",
546
+ "63": "https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/oppn-parties-demand-resignation-railway-min-release-letter-flagging-safety-issues-178109",
547
+ "14": "https://www.indianrail.gov.in/StaticContents/acc_chart_12841.html",
548
+ "15": "https://www.indianrail.gov.in/StaticContents/acc_chart_12864.html"
549
+ },
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+ "spicy_entities": {
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+ "three": "CARDINAL",
553
+ "balasore": "ORG",
554
+ "odisha": "GPE",
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+ "india": "GPE",
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+ "the coromandel express": "ORG",
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+ "bahanaga bazar": "PERSON",
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+ "21": "CARDINAL",
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+ "smvt bengaluru\u2013howrah superfast express": "PERSON",
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+ "296": "CARDINAL",
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+ "more than 1,200": "CARDINAL",
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+ "firozabad": "PERSON",
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+ "1995": "DATE",
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+ "gaisal": "PERSON",
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+ "1999": "DATE",
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+ "2004": "DATE",
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+ "sri lanka": "GPE",
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+ "12841": "DATE",
569
+ "coromandel express": "ORG",
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+ "shalimar": "GPE",
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+ "howrah": "ORG",
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+ "west bengal": "LOC",
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+ "mgr chennai central": "ORG",
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+ "tamil nadu": "PERSON",
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+ "12864": "DATE",
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+ "bengaluru\u2013howrah express": "ORG",
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+ "smvt bengaluru": "PERSON",
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+ "bangalore": "GPE",
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+ "karnataka": "PERSON",
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+ "128\u00a0km": "QUANTITY",
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+ "80\u00a0mph": "QUANTITY",
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+ "about 19:00": "CARDINAL",
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+ "gmt": "ORG",
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+ "the bengaluru\u2013howrah express": "ORG",
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+ "two": "CARDINAL",
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+ "20": "CARDINAL",
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+ "parcel van": "PERSON",
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+ "1": "MONEY",
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+ "2": "MONEY",
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+ "pradeep jena": "PERSON",
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+ "four": "CARDINAL",
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+ "odisha disaster rapid action force": "ORG",
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+ "more than 15": "CARDINAL",
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+ "200": "CARDINAL",
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+ "ministry of railways",
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+ "naveen patnaik",
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+ "government of west bengal",
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+ "shalimar",
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+ "vaishnaw"
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+ ]
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+ }
json/2023_SEA_Games.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2023_SEA_Games",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_SEA_Games",
4
+ "summary": "The 2023 Southeast Asian Games (Khmer: \u1780\u17b6\u179a\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1780\u17bd\u178f\u1780\u17b8\u17a1\u17b6\u1794\u17d2\u179a\u1787\u17b6\u1787\u17b6\u178f\u17b7\u17a2\u17b6\u179f\u17ca\u17b8\u17a2\u17b6\u1782\u17d2\u1793\u17c1\u1799\u17cd\u17e2\u17e0\u17e2\u17e3, UNGEGN: Kar\u00f4pr\u00e2ku\u014ft Keila Pr\u00e2ch\u00e9ach\u00e9at\u0115 Asi Akn\u00e9 2023), also known as the 32nd Southeast Asian Games, or the 32nd SEA Games, and commonly known as Cambodia 2023, was the 32nd edition of the Southeast Asian Games, a biennial sports multi-sport event which was held from 5 to 17 May 2023 in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.\nThe event returned to its 2-year cycle, as the 2021 SEA Games in Vietnam was delayed to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The announcement was made at the Southeast Asian Games Federation Council meeting in Singapore, in conjunction with the 2015 SEA Games, by the President of the National Olympic Committee of Cambodia, Thong Khon. The Philippines was originally scheduled to host the games, but was pushed forward to 2019 after Brunei withdrew to host the event. This was the first time that Cambodia hosted the games, as the 1963 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games was cancelled due to the political situation in the country at the time. The event was planned to feature 40 sports. The final number was 37 sports.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Development and preparation",
8
+ "section_content": [],
9
+ "subsections": [
10
+ {
11
+ "section_title": "Venues",
12
+ "section_content": [
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "Following the host selection announcement, Prime Minister Hun Sen approved the final design of the Games' main stadium",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "During a state visit by Hun Sen to Beijing in May 2014, Chinese President and General Secretary of the Communist Party Xi Jinping promised to fund the construction of the main stadium of the new multi-purpose sports complex on the satellite city of Phnom Penh in Khan Chroy Changvar",
19
+ "refs": [
20
+ "https://phnompenhpost.com/national/hun-sen-reveals-design-sea-games-stadium"
21
+ ]
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "sentence": "The 60,000-seat main stadium, which was estimated to cost about USD 157 million and was built by a Chinese construction firm, was completed between 2019 and 2020 with a Chinese grant covering the entire project",
25
+ "refs": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "sentence": "A multipurpose arena, the Morodok Techo National Sports Complex housed an Olympic swimming pool, an outdoor football pitch, a running track, tennis courts and dormitories for athletes",
29
+ "refs": []
30
+ }
31
+ ],
32
+ "subsections": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "section_title": "Budget",
36
+ "section_content": [
37
+ {
38
+ "sentence": "According to Vongsey Vissoth, Minister attached to the Prime Minister and permanent secretary of state for the Ministry of Economy and Finance, building and setting up the facilities and fields required for the various competitions cost between $30\u201340 million.",
39
+ "refs": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "sentence": "Speaking at the public forum Macroeconomic Management and the 2023 Budget Law held in Phnom Penh on 25 January, Vissoth explained that setting up and hosting events at stadiums and other locations might end up costing more than $300 million",
43
+ "refs": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "sentence": "In preparation for the event, Cambodia built a number of infrastructures, as well as sports venues and sports facilities",
47
+ "refs": []
48
+ }
49
+ ],
50
+ "subsections": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "section_title": "Volunteers",
54
+ "section_content": [
55
+ {
56
+ "sentence": "The National Volunteer Committee of the Cambodian 2023 Southeast Games Organizing Committee announced the recruitment of nearly 7,000 volunteers to assist at the SEA Games and ASEAN Para Games",
57
+ "refs": []
58
+ }
59
+ ],
60
+ "subsections": []
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "section_title": "Torch relay",
64
+ "section_content": [
65
+ {
66
+ "sentence": "On 21 March 2023, with only less than 45 days before the start of the 32nd SEA Games, King Norodom Sihamoni ignited the torch using the secret flame and passed on the flame to the torch which took place at Angkor Wat",
67
+ "refs": []
68
+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "sentence": "The height of the torch was 75\u00a0cm and weighted slightly over one kilogram",
71
+ "refs": []
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "sentence": "The top of the torch was designed to reflect the symbol of Rumduol (\u179a\u17c6\u178a\u17bd\u179b), Cambodia's national flower and it was plated with gold color to show that the country and its people rose to the top",
75
+ "refs": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "sentence": "The design on the handle of the torch was filled with multiple kbach chan (\u1780\u17d2\u1794\u17b6\u1785\u17cb\u1785\u1793\u17d2\u1791) connected together to signify the unity in achieving peace and success for the country and Southeast Asia community",
79
+ "refs": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "sentence": "The torch relay also began its journey to all other 9 countries in Southeast Asia starting on 24 March before returning back on 28 April",
83
+ "refs": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "sentence": "Below is the list of the torch relay run date in each country:",
87
+ "refs": [
88
+ "https://olympics.com.my/cambodia-2023-torch-relay/",
89
+ "https://www.rappler.com/sports/philippines-joins-cambodia-sea-games-torch-relay-tagaytay-2023/"
90
+ ]
91
+ }
92
+ ],
93
+ "subsections": []
94
+ },
95
+ {
96
+ "section_title": "Ticketing, Broadcasting and Accommodations",
97
+ "section_content": [
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "On 31 March, Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen announced all tickets for the 5 to 17 May, SEA Games would be free \u2013 for both Cambodians and foreigners, but the supporters had to book the tickets before each match to watch inside the stadium",
100
+ "refs": []
101
+ },
102
+ {
103
+ "sentence": "Also international broadcasters were not charged for live television rights to cover the 608 events in 37 sports on offer",
104
+ "refs": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "sentence": "Cambodia also fully covered spending on food and accommodation services for sport delegations",
108
+ "refs": []
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "sentence": "Delegates from all 11 countries participating in the SEA Games and the ASEAN Para Games were not required to pay $50 per person per day as had been the case with previous hosts",
112
+ "refs": []
113
+ }
114
+ ],
115
+ "subsections": []
116
+ }
117
+ ]
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "section_title": "Participating nations",
121
+ "section_content": [
122
+ {
123
+ "sentence": "All 11 members of Southeast Asian Games Federation (SEAGF) took part in the 2023 SEA Games",
124
+ "refs": []
125
+ },
126
+ {
127
+ "sentence": "Below is a list of all the participating NOCs.",
128
+ "refs": []
129
+ }
130
+ ],
131
+ "subsections": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "section_title": "The Games",
135
+ "section_content": [],
136
+ "subsections": [
137
+ {
138
+ "section_title": "Ceremonies",
139
+ "section_content": [
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "The opening ceremony for the games was held on 5 May 2023, although the cricket and football tournaments commenced one week earlier on 29 April 2023",
142
+ "refs": [
143
+ "https://sports.okezone.com/read/2023/05/05/43/2809163/opening-ceremony-sea-games-2023-flairene-candrea-tampil-menawan-saat-pimpin-kontingen-indonesia"
144
+ ]
145
+ },
146
+ {
147
+ "sentence": "The closing ceremony for the games was held on 17 May 2023",
148
+ "refs": []
149
+ }
150
+ ],
151
+ "subsections": [
152
+ {
153
+ "section_title": "Parade of Nations",
154
+ "section_content": [],
155
+ "subsections": []
156
+ }
157
+ ]
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "section_title": "Sports",
161
+ "section_content": [],
162
+ "subsections": []
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "section_title": "Calendar",
166
+ "section_content": [
167
+ {
168
+ "sentence": "The edition of the schedule was published by the National Olympic Committee of Cambodia",
169
+ "refs": []
170
+ }
171
+ ],
172
+ "subsections": []
173
+ }
174
+ ]
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "section_title": "Medal table",
178
+ "section_content": [
179
+ {
180
+ "sentence": "*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Host nation (Cambodia)",
181
+ "refs": []
182
+ }
183
+ ],
184
+ "subsections": []
185
+ },
186
+ {
187
+ "section_title": "Marketing",
188
+ "section_content": [],
189
+ "subsections": [
190
+ {
191
+ "section_title": "Branding",
192
+ "section_content": [
193
+ {
194
+ "sentence": "The official logo and slogan for the 2023 Southeast Asian Games were decided on 2 July 2020 by the 2023 Cambodian SEA Games Organizing Committee and was officially unveiled on 7 August",
195
+ "refs": []
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "sentence": "A design competition for the games' logo was held in 2019 with the final design reportedly consisting of the Angkor Wat and four dragons as its main motifs",
199
+ "refs": []
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "sentence": "The initial slogan for the games unveiled was \"Sport Into Peace\"",
203
+ "refs": []
204
+ },
205
+ {
206
+ "sentence": "The logo was later slightly revised so it could also be used for the 2023 ASEAN Para Games, while the slogan in English was revised to \"Sports Live in Peace\"",
207
+ "refs": [
208
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220227074131/https://cambodia2023.com/km/motto-2/",
209
+ "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50741831/cambodia-selects-logo-mascot-and-motto-for-the-2023-sea-games/",
210
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220227074047/https://cambodia2023.com/logo/"
211
+ ]
212
+ },
213
+ {
214
+ "sentence": "A mascot design competition was also organized in 2019 which was open to Cambodian citizens who were at least 15 years of age",
215
+ "refs": []
216
+ },
217
+ {
218
+ "sentence": "The contest required applicants to submit designs that followed a rabbit theme and reflected Khmer culture",
219
+ "refs": []
220
+ },
221
+ {
222
+ "sentence": "The deadline for the competition was on 30 November 2019",
223
+ "refs": []
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "The winning design consisted of two rabbits wearing Bokator attire; a female in red named Rumduol (\u179a\u17c6\u178a\u17bd\u179b) and a male in blue named Borey (\u1794\u17bb\u179a\u17b8)",
227
+ "refs": [
228
+ "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50637055/camsoc-launches-2023-mascot-design-contest/"
229
+ ]
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "sentence": "Red and blue were colors from the Cambodian flag",
233
+ "refs": []
234
+ },
235
+ {
236
+ "sentence": "The official song of the Games was \"Sports Live in Peace\", performed by Preap Sovath, Aok Sokunkanha, Sok Seylalin, Ton Chanseyma and Sayaty.",
237
+ "refs": []
238
+ }
239
+ ],
240
+ "subsections": []
241
+ },
242
+ {
243
+ "section_title": "Sponsors",
244
+ "section_content": [],
245
+ "subsections": []
246
+ }
247
+ ]
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "section_title": "Concerns and controversies",
251
+ "section_content": [],
252
+ "subsections": [
253
+ {
254
+ "section_title": "IFMA-led boycott of Kun Khmer competition",
255
+ "section_content": [
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "In July 2022, the Cambodian SEA Games Organizing Committee decided to link Muay Thai to Kun Khmer and used the name \"Kun Khmer (Muay)\" as the official name for the competition",
258
+ "refs": []
259
+ },
260
+ {
261
+ "sentence": "This action resulted from the displeasure of the Cambodian public, who criticized the organizing committee for not displaying sufficient patriotism in its promotion of Cambodia's traditional martial arts",
262
+ "refs": []
263
+ },
264
+ {
265
+ "sentence": "Afterwards, International Federation of Muaythai Associations (IFMA), the international federation of Muay Thai, has claimed that the organizing committee was seeking to work with an organization that is not recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) as the sanctioning body for the competition",
266
+ "refs": []
267
+ },
268
+ {
269
+ "sentence": "The IFMA was planning to bring this matter to the attention of the IOC, the IOC Ethics Commission, the OCA, and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)",
270
+ "refs": []
271
+ },
272
+ {
273
+ "sentence": "In January 2023, the IFMA sent warnings to each national federation to stop sending their teams to compete in the Kun Khmer competition, otherwise the violating national federations will be banned from upcoming World Games, Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games, IFMA World Muaythai Championships, and other IFMA-sanctioned events",
274
+ "refs": []
275
+ }
276
+ ],
277
+ "subsections": []
278
+ },
279
+ {
280
+ "section_title": "Participation and medal cap",
281
+ "section_content": [
282
+ {
283
+ "sentence": "Participating nations are limited in the number of athletes they can enter in certain sports \u2013 for example martial arts, dragon boat, and esports, while such restriction is not applied to the host country",
284
+ "refs": []
285
+ },
286
+ {
287
+ "sentence": "The Philippines, which claims to be backed by other participating nations aside from the host, has protested such regulation alleging it to be a strategy for Cambodia to finish at least fourth in the medal tally",
288
+ "refs": []
289
+ },
290
+ {
291
+ "sentence": "The Philippines protested Cambodia's plan to only allow a maximum of two gold medals to be awarded to a competitor in the gymnastics events",
292
+ "refs": []
293
+ },
294
+ {
295
+ "sentence": "This was later revised to three following a complaint from the Gymnastics Association of the Philippines",
296
+ "refs": []
297
+ },
298
+ {
299
+ "sentence": "In the men's cross country mountain biking cycling event, originally Indonesia made a podium sweep",
300
+ "refs": []
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "sentence": "However, according to the rules of the SEA Games Federation (SEAGF) article 37 paragraph C which prohibits the same country from sweeping the medals in one event",
304
+ "refs": []
305
+ },
306
+ {
307
+ "sentence": "This regulation has been in force since 30 May 2010",
308
+ "refs": []
309
+ },
310
+ {
311
+ "sentence": "Thus third place finisher Ihza Muhammad was not awarded the bronze medal, which went to the fourth place rider Khim Menglong of Cambodia",
312
+ "refs": []
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "sentence": "In badminton, there is a newly introduced mixed team event with a restriction on participation for the mixed team event",
316
+ "refs": []
317
+ },
318
+ {
319
+ "sentence": "The countries affected by this restriction are Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam",
320
+ "refs": []
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "sentence": "Usually, badminton has seven gold medals in contention with two medals from the men's and women's team events, and five from the individual events",
324
+ "refs": []
325
+ },
326
+ {
327
+ "sentence": "Bambang Roedyanto, a technical official for the games, claimed that \"Cambodia [wanted] the opportunity to win medals from [badminton], so [the mixed team event] was held with countries [with developing badminton teams]\"",
328
+ "refs": [
329
+ "https://www.kompas.tv/article/402970/indonesia-tak-bisa-tampil-di-nomor-baru-bulu-tangkis-sea-games-2023-ini-sebabnya",
330
+ "https://sports.okezone.com/amp/2023/05/08/40/2809966/penyebab-tim-bulu-tangkis-indonesia-dilarang-tampil-di-nomor-beregu-campuran-sea-games-2023-untungkan-tuan-rumah-kamboja",
331
+ "https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/sea-games-2023-new-regulations-may-help-cambodia-confuse-and-conquer",
332
+ "https://www.thestar.com.my/sport/badminton/2023/05/08/one-reason-why-malaysia-not-in-mixed-team-event"
333
+ ]
334
+ }
335
+ ],
336
+ "subsections": []
337
+ },
338
+ {
339
+ "section_title": "Upside down flag incident",
340
+ "section_content": [
341
+ {
342
+ "sentence": "At the opening ceremony of the 2023 Southeast Asian Games which was held at the Morodok Techo National Stadium on Friday, 5 May 2023, multiple Burmese, Indonesian, and Vietnamese flag carried by several back-up dancers appeared to be upside-down in a performance by a local artist during the pre-show of the opening ceremony",
343
+ "refs": []
344
+ },
345
+ {
346
+ "sentence": "Responding to this incident, the Indonesian Olympic Committee sent out an official letter of objection to the Cambodian 2023 Southeast Games Organizing Committee",
347
+ "refs": []
348
+ },
349
+ {
350
+ "sentence": "Indonesian Olympic Committee Secretary General Harry Warganegara confirmed that Cambodia had submitted an apology to Indonesia, promising and ensuring that this incident would not be repeated in the duration of the games",
351
+ "refs": []
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "sentence": "Indonesian sports minister Dito Ariotedjo received an apology from his Cambodian counterpart Hangchuon Naron on the following day",
355
+ "refs": [
356
+ "https://en.tempo.co/read/1722425/cambodia-apologizes-for-upside-down-indonesian-flag-in-2023-sea-games-opening-event"
357
+ ]
358
+ },
359
+ {
360
+ "sentence": "Aside from the apology from the Cambodian 2023 Southeast Games Organizing Committee, Town Production, a Cambodian broadcasting and media production company involved at the ceremony, also issued a statement of apology, describing the blunder as a \"disrespectful mistake\" and an \"oversight\"",
361
+ "refs": []
362
+ },
363
+ {
364
+ "sentence": "The production company also said that it will send letters of apology to the embassies of the three countries involved",
365
+ "refs": []
366
+ }
367
+ ],
368
+ "subsections": []
369
+ },
370
+ {
371
+ "section_title": "Organization",
372
+ "section_content": [
373
+ {
374
+ "sentence": "The condition of the facility for the 5-on-5 basketball tournament was highly criticized",
375
+ "refs": []
376
+ },
377
+ {
378
+ "sentence": "As the event was held at a multi-purpose hall, the flooring used at the court was found to be made out of linoleum instead of wood",
379
+ "refs": []
380
+ },
381
+ {
382
+ "sentence": "According to the Philippine team, the air-conditioning was also insufficient",
383
+ "refs": []
384
+ },
385
+ {
386
+ "sentence": "Filipino athlete Calvin Oftana sustained a calf injury after slipping on the floor, thus ruling him out from the tournament before it even began",
387
+ "refs": [
388
+ "https://sports.inquirer.net/509978/sea-games-basketball-coaches-slam-temporary-court-dunk-on-the-heat"
389
+ ]
390
+ },
391
+ {
392
+ "sentence": "Because of this, head coach Chot Reyes criticized the quality of the flooring",
393
+ "refs": []
394
+ },
395
+ {
396
+ "sentence": "The Singaporean assistant coach also criticized the facility, stating that their athletes were also injured due to the flooring",
397
+ "refs": [
398
+ "https://www.ibtimes.com/2023-southeast-asian-games-hit-controversy-over-dodgy-basketball-flooring-3692213"
399
+ ]
400
+ },
401
+ {
402
+ "sentence": "In the men's 20km race walk award ceremony, lighting failure led to the organizers using car headlights to illuminate the podium",
403
+ "refs": []
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "sentence": "In the athlete's village, the Indonesian badminton women's team room had a problem with a leaky room after heavy rain before competing",
407
+ "refs": []
408
+ },
409
+ {
410
+ "sentence": "This was experienced by several Indonesian athletes' rooms in the athletes' village in Cambodia",
411
+ "refs": []
412
+ },
413
+ {
414
+ "sentence": "The leaked room was immediately coordinated with by the committee and immediately received treatment",
415
+ "refs": []
416
+ },
417
+ {
418
+ "sentence": "Repairs were also made to the leaking room",
419
+ "refs": []
420
+ }
421
+ ],
422
+ "subsections": []
423
+ },
424
+ {
425
+ "section_title": "Judging and match issues",
426
+ "section_content": [
427
+ {
428
+ "sentence": "Filipina karateka Junna Tsukii protested the judges' decision to award her a silver medal in the women's \u221250\u00a0kg kumite event",
429
+ "refs": []
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "sentence": "After her bout against Malaysia karateka Shahmalarani Chandran ended in a tie, the judges remained split in voting the winner before the referee awarded the win to Shahmalarani",
433
+ "refs": []
434
+ },
435
+ {
436
+ "sentence": "Tsukii refused to bow to her opponent and said in a post-match interview, \"I was more active than her, but they chose her",
437
+ "refs": []
438
+ },
439
+ {
440
+ "sentence": "I don't know what happened with this judge [sic]",
441
+ "refs": []
442
+ },
443
+ {
444
+ "sentence": "I'm not happy with my medal\"",
445
+ "refs": []
446
+ },
447
+ {
448
+ "sentence": "During the victory ceremony, she also refused to stand on the podium",
449
+ "refs": []
450
+ },
451
+ {
452
+ "sentence": "Malaysia hammer throw athlete Jackie Wong managed to make his final throw of 64.64m, which would've awarded him the gold medal, before his result was disallowed following a technical error by the judges, losing out to Thailand's Kittipong Boonmawan",
453
+ "refs": []
454
+ },
455
+ {
456
+ "sentence": "Jackie and his team manager, Datuk R",
457
+ "refs": []
458
+ },
459
+ {
460
+ "sentence": "Annamalai had both launched written protests, but both appeals were rejected by the organisers",
461
+ "refs": []
462
+ },
463
+ {
464
+ "sentence": "Indonesian pencak silat athlete Safira Dwi Meilani competed against Vietnamese athlete, Nguy\u1ec5n Ho\u00e0ng H\u1ed3ng \u00c2n in the women's class B (50\u201355\u00a0kg) final",
465
+ "refs": []
466
+ },
467
+ {
468
+ "sentence": "When the match was less than 18 seconds left, Safira, who was ahead with a score of 61\u201343, received a controversial action from the referee",
469
+ "refs": []
470
+ },
471
+ {
472
+ "sentence": "She was deemed injured and was disqualified by the referee",
473
+ "refs": []
474
+ },
475
+ {
476
+ "sentence": "As a result, H\u1ed3ng \u00c2n was initially declared as the winner and the Indonesian team then appealed the controversial referee's decision",
477
+ "refs": []
478
+ },
479
+ {
480
+ "sentence": "The appeal was granted; thus, Safira was also awarded the gold medal",
481
+ "refs": []
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "sentence": "Vietnamese team officials also protested to the organizers after they learned about the decision, requesting to start the match again or restarting from the remaining 18 seconds of the last round, leading to a scuffle between the officials of two countries",
485
+ "refs": []
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "sentence": "H\u1ed3ng \u00c2n still retain the gold medal as well, thus both athletes shared the gold medal and no silver medal was awarded",
489
+ "refs": [
490
+ "https://vtc.vn/sap-thang-lai-bi-xu-thua-doi-indonesia-cay-cu-suyt-danh-nhau-voi-hlv-viet-nam-ar771596.html"
491
+ ]
492
+ },
493
+ {
494
+ "sentence": "In the Valorant mixed team event final match of the esports competition between Singapore and Indonesia, Indonesia was down 4\u201310 when the game took a technical pause that lasted for at least two hours, before the stream ended without a conclusion",
495
+ "refs": []
496
+ },
497
+ {
498
+ "sentence": "The Indonesian squad claimed that the Singaporean team took advantage of an exploit, which would have given Singapore an unfair advantage over Indonesia",
499
+ "refs": []
500
+ },
501
+ {
502
+ "sentence": "The game was not resumed, and players were told to return in the morning to complete the games",
503
+ "refs": []
504
+ },
505
+ {
506
+ "sentence": "Indonesia later decided to forfeit, giving Singapore the gold",
507
+ "refs": []
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "sentence": "Juanita Tanjung, the brand ambassador for Indonesia in the SEA Games, stated that the team's decision to forfeit was done for \"upholding the nation's dignity and considering the unfavorable conditions of the situation.\" The SEA Games Federation officials later decided to also award the gold medal to Indonesia, sharing it with Singapore",
511
+ "refs": []
512
+ },
513
+ {
514
+ "sentence": "In Pencak silat, Cambodian athlete Non Sromoachkroham won the gold medal in the Men's class U45 (\u201345\u00a0kg) category",
515
+ "refs": []
516
+ },
517
+ {
518
+ "sentence": "However, Non did not participate in any matches from the start",
519
+ "refs": []
520
+ },
521
+ {
522
+ "sentence": "With his opponents in the semi-final, Malaysia's Muhammad Khairul Shaddad Ardi, and the final, Indonesia's Bayu Lesmana, both walked out without any specific reasons",
523
+ "refs": []
524
+ },
525
+ {
526
+ "sentence": "Lesmana's teammate later alleged that Cambodia forced their opponents to walkout from the match, in an attempt for the host Cambodia to win gold in every sports",
527
+ "refs": []
528
+ },
529
+ {
530
+ "sentence": "A few days later, Indonesian silat head coach Indro Catur Haryono clarified that the withdrawal was agreed beforehand with the other nations to award a gold medal for Cambodia as a token of appreciation for including pencak silat in the Games",
531
+ "refs": [
532
+ "https://sports.okezone.com/amp/2023/05/11/43/2812154/sea-games-2023-pesilat-indonesia-bayu-lesmana-dipaksa-wo-kamboja-raih-emas-cuma-cuma-dari-pencak-silat",
533
+ "https://sport.tempo.co/amp/1724817/pelatih-pencak-silat-klarifikasi-soal-atlet-indonesia-dipaksa-mundur-demi-emas-kamboja-di-sea-games-2023"
534
+ ]
535
+ },
536
+ {
537
+ "sentence": "In the men's football, chaos occurred in the match between the Indonesia and Thailand in the final match",
538
+ "refs": []
539
+ },
540
+ {
541
+ "sentence": "Indonesian team players and officials had to be cleared from the pitch after they mistook the whistle blow signalling foul for full time whistle, thinking that Indonesia has won the match 2\u20131",
542
+ "refs": []
543
+ },
544
+ {
545
+ "sentence": "The resulting free kick equalized the score and the first brawl started after Indonesian player Titan Agung pushed one of the Thai coaches who celebrated by running towards the Indonesian bench",
546
+ "refs": [
547
+ "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/sport/thailand-indonesia-sea-games-football-gold-brawl-fight-3492861"
548
+ ]
549
+ },
550
+ {
551
+ "sentence": "After the extra time started, Indonesia player Irfan Jauhari immediately scored a goal which made the score change to 3\u20132 in favor of Indonesia",
552
+ "refs": [
553
+ "https://e.vnexpress.net/photo/football/chaos-descends-as-thailand-indonesia-brawl-at-sea-games-football-final-4606101.html"
554
+ ]
555
+ },
556
+ {
557
+ "sentence": "Another chaos ensued on the bench of the two teams as some Indonesian players and officials ran towards the Thai bench to celebrate the goal",
558
+ "refs": []
559
+ },
560
+ {
561
+ "sentence": "In the videos that were shown, Indonesia coaching staffs and the team manager Sumardji, was beaten by several Thai coaching staffs and players, which resulted Sumardji's face flushed with bleeding from the nose and mouth",
562
+ "refs": [
563
+ "https://e.vnexpress.net/photo/football/chaos-descends-as-thailand-indonesia-brawl-at-sea-games-football-final-4606101.html"
564
+ ]
565
+ },
566
+ {
567
+ "sentence": "As a result of the incidents, the referee issued several red cards to the players and coaching staffs of both teams",
568
+ "refs": [
569
+ "https://sumsel.tribunnews.com/amp/2023/05/16/sumardji-manajer-timnas-dipukul-saat-ricuh-laga-indonesia-vs-thailand-final-sea-games-2023"
570
+ ]
571
+ }
572
+ ],
573
+ "subsections": []
574
+ },
575
+ {
576
+ "section_title": "Player eligibility issues",
577
+ "section_content": [
578
+ {
579
+ "sentence": "While historically, several countries have fielded naturalized and/or heritage players who would be ineligible to play as a local in FIBA tournaments, Cambodia's decision of fielding teams composed almost entirely of naturalized athletes in basketball, alongside several sports, have been criticized, sparking debates on the rules of the games",
580
+ "refs": []
581
+ },
582
+ {
583
+ "sentence": "The basketball tournaments do not follow FIBA eligibility rules; players only had to have citizenship of the country they seek to represent their national team in the games",
584
+ "refs": [
585
+ "https://news.abs-cbn.com/sports/05/07/23/seag-cambodia-basketball-rosters-stir-debate-on-citizenship-rules",
586
+ "https://www.nst.com.my/sports/cricket/2023/05/908745/hosts-cambodia-make-mockery-cricket",
587
+ "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/basketball/869808/what-happened-reactions-to-gilas-sea-games-loss-to-cambodia/story/"
588
+ ]
589
+ },
590
+ {
591
+ "sentence": "This meant that every national team could field as much naturalized players or dual citizens regardless of whether they acquired their passport by the age of 16 or not as per FIBA rules as they can",
592
+ "refs": [
593
+ "https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/cambodia-fields-multiple-naturalized-players-for-seag-5-on-5-3x3/271277",
594
+ "https://www.spin.ph/multisport/sea-games/cambodia-hoarding-naturalized-players-allowed-by-sea-games-rules-a5271-20230508"
595
+ ]
596
+ },
597
+ {
598
+ "sentence": "Hosts Cambodia decided to field a roster full of naturalized players for their men's and women's 3x3 teams, the former which had one local player",
599
+ "refs": [
600
+ "https://news.abs-cbn.com/sports/05/07/23/seag-cambodia-basketball-rosters-stir-debate-on-citizenship-rules"
601
+ ]
602
+ },
603
+ {
604
+ "sentence": "The men's regular basketball team will have an additional 3 naturalized athletes, making the 5x5 Cambodia basketball team fielded a total of 6 naturalized players, all but one who has no Cambodian heritage",
605
+ "refs": []
606
+ },
607
+ {
608
+ "sentence": "Cambodian basketball player Joshua Bo Noung lamented the decision of his country to field teams mostly of players with no Cambodian heritage",
609
+ "refs": []
610
+ },
611
+ {
612
+ "sentence": "The decision to field naturalized players by the hosts were not received well in the Philippines",
613
+ "refs": [
614
+ "https://news.abs-cbn.com/sports/05/07/23/seag-cambodia-basketball-rosters-stir-debate-on-citizenship-rules"
615
+ ]
616
+ },
617
+ {
618
+ "sentence": "Indonesian sports minister Dito Ariotedjo expressed shock and confusion regarding the fielding of the players",
619
+ "refs": [
620
+ "https://news.abs-cbn.com/sports/05/07/23/seag-cambodia-basketball-rosters-stir-debate-on-citizenship-rules",
621
+ "https://mb.com.ph/2023/5/10/psc-chief-on-naturalized-athletes-at-sea-games-sobra-sobra-na"
622
+ ]
623
+ },
624
+ {
625
+ "sentence": "In cricket, Malaysia has questioned the eligibility of Cambodia's thirteen players who are naturalized",
626
+ "refs": []
627
+ },
628
+ {
629
+ "sentence": "While only using just some of these players' passports as reference, the Malaysian Cricket Association has noted that these passports were only issued on April 23 or six days prior to the first match and has past the March 3 player shortlist deadline",
630
+ "refs": []
631
+ },
632
+ {
633
+ "sentence": "In badminton, Cambodia badminton player Chourng Meng was revealed to be Chinese badminton player Zhou Meng, who was the runner-up of 2019 BWF World Junior Champion",
634
+ "refs": []
635
+ },
636
+ {
637
+ "sentence": "In a video that has gone viral, Chourng was suddenly pulled off the field by a man presumed to be Cambodian officials, while celebrating her victory in the final",
638
+ "refs": []
639
+ },
640
+ {
641
+ "sentence": "Apart from leaving the field early, Chourng was also absent from the mixed team medal ceremony",
642
+ "refs": []
643
+ }
644
+ ],
645
+ "subsections": []
646
+ }
647
+ ]
648
+ },
649
+ {
650
+ "section_title": "Live Broadcasting rights",
651
+ "section_content": [],
652
+ "subsections": []
653
+ },
654
+ {
655
+ "section_title": "References",
656
+ "section_content": [],
657
+ "subsections": []
658
+ },
659
+ {
660
+ "section_title": "Further reading",
661
+ "section_content": [],
662
+ "subsections": []
663
+ }
664
+ ],
665
+ "references": {
666
+ "1": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501282482/pm-explains-why-the-king-will-not-officiate-at-opening-of-sea-games/",
667
+ "2": "https://www.straitstimes.com/sport/sea-games-brunei-withdraws-as-2019-host-blames-lack-of-time",
668
+ "3": "http://www.khmertimeskh.com/news/11960/cambodia-confirmed-as-2023-sea-games-hosts/",
669
+ "4": "http://www.phnompenhpost.com/sport/clear-lessons-kingdom-curtain-falls-2017-sea-games",
670
+ "5": "https://www.bernama.com/en/sports/news.php?id=2070701",
671
+ "6": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501255467/sea-games-32-cambodia-announces-37-sports-for-competition/",
672
+ "7": "https://phnompenhpost.com/national/hun-sen-reveals-design-sea-games-stadium",
673
+ "8": "http://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/hun-sen-reveals-design-sea-games-stadium",
674
+ "9": "https://cambodianess.com/article/cambodia-is-investing-around-200-million-to-host-the-sea-games-and-the-asean-para-games",
675
+ "10": "https://kiripost.com/stories/cambodia-sea-games-racks-up-100m-bill",
676
+ "11": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501231813/camsoc-needs-volunteers-for-sea-games/",
677
+ "12": "https://cambodia2023.com/5c961e79-0695-41db-b928-d49d582080d5",
678
+ "13": "https://www.phnompenhpost.com/sport/torch-relay-ups-level-excitement-sea-para-games",
679
+ "14": "https://olympics.com.my/cambodia-2023-torch-relay/",
680
+ "15": "https://www.rappler.com/sports/philippines-joins-cambodia-sea-games-torch-relay-tagaytay-2023/",
681
+ "16": "https://thediplomat.com/2023/03/hun-sen-announces-free-tickets-for-southeast-asian-games/",
682
+ "17": "https://cambodia2023.com/5009dc1c-08f4-4d71-b492-d7c927451b22",
683
+ "18": "https://cambodianess.com/article/tickets-for-sea-games-set-for-release",
684
+ "19": "https://sports.okezone.com/read/2023/05/05/43/2809163/opening-ceremony-sea-games-2023-flairene-candrea-tampil-menawan-saat-pimpin-kontingen-indonesia",
685
+ "20": "https://sports.okezone.com/read/2023/05/17/43/2815778/closing-ceremony-sea-games-2023-meriah-ada-pertunjukan-kun-bokator-hingga-parade-atlet-yang-jadi-pembuka",
686
+ "21": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501268947/ctf-showcases-teqball-ahead-of-sea-games/",
687
+ "22": "https://www.cambodia2023.com/",
688
+ "23": "https://www.cambodia2023.com/schedule",
689
+ "24": "http://olympics.com/en/news/sea-games-2023-full-schedule-day-by-day-competitions-how-watch-live",
690
+ "25": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220227074131/https://cambodia2023.com/km/motto-2/",
691
+ "26": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50741831/cambodia-selects-logo-mascot-and-motto-for-the-2023-sea-games/",
692
+ "27": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220227074047/https://cambodia2023.com/logo/",
693
+ "28": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220227074107/https://cambodia2023.com/motto/",
694
+ "29": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50637055/camsoc-launches-2023-mascot-design-contest/",
695
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+ "fiba"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ {
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+ "title": "2023_Tour_de_France",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Tour_de_France",
4
+ "summary": "The 2023 Tour de France was the 110th edition of the Tour de France. It started in Bilbao, Spain, on 1 July and ended with the final stage at Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es, Paris, on 23 July. \nDefending champion Jonas Vingegaard (Team Jumbo\u2013Visma) won the general classification for the second year in a row. Two-time champion Tadej Poga\u010dar (UAE Team Emirates) finished in second place, with Adam Yates (UAE Team Emirates) finishing third.\nThe race began in Bilbao in the Basque Country before returning to France. The first two weeks of the race was closely fought between Vingegaard and Poga\u010dar, with just 10 seconds between the riders by the end of the second week. The decisive stages were the individual time trial on stage 16 where Vingegaard won by 1 minute 38 seconds ahead of Poga\u010dar, and the subsequent stage in the Alps where Vingegaard extended his lead to over seven minutes. Vingegaard won the Tour for the second year running, putting him equal on Tour wins with his rival Poga\u010dar. His winning margin of 7 minutes 29 seconds was the largest since 2014. \nThe points classification was won by Jasper Philipsen (Alpecin\u2013Deceuninck) for the first time. The mountains classification was won by Giulio Ciccone (Trek\u2013Segafredo), the first Italian to achieve this feat since 1992. The young rider classification was won by Poga\u010dar for the fourth year in a row, and the team of Team Jumbo\u2013Visma won the team classification. Victor Campenaerts (Lotto\u2013Dstny) was chosen as the most combative rider.\nThe race was followed by the second edition of the Tour de France Femmes, which held its first stage on the final day of the men's Tour.",
5
+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Teams",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "22 teams took part in the race",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "All 18 UCI WorldTeams were automatically invited",
15
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "They were joined by 4 UCI ProTeams: the two highest placed UCI ProTeams in 2022 (Lotto\u2013Dstny and Team TotalEnergies), along with Uno-X Pro Cycling Team and Israel\u2013Premier Tech who were selected by Amaury Sport Organisation (ASO), the organisers of the Tour",
19
+ "refs": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "The teams were announced on 4 January 2023",
23
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.letour.fr/en/news/2023/the-22-teams/1308981"
25
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "UCI WorldTeams",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "UCI ProTeams",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Route and stages",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
42
+ "sentence": "In January 2022, Amaury Sport Organisation announced that the Basque Country in Spain would host the Grand D\u00e9part, with the first stage in Bilbao",
43
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It was the second time that the Basque Country hosted the Tour's start, following the 1992 edition",
47
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/2023-tour-de-france-to-start-in-the-basque-country/"
49
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In October 2022, the full route was announced by Christian Prudhomme",
53
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/jan/26/spains-basque-country-to-host-the-2023-tour-de-frances-grand-depart"
55
+ ]
56
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The race began in Bilbao, next to the Guggenheim Museum, before crossing into France on stage 3",
59
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "After two stages in the Pyrenees, the Tour returned to the Puy de D\u00f4me for the first time since 1988 at the end of the first week",
63
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "After the first rest day, the race crossed over the Massif Central into the Alps, with stage 13 on Bastille Day ending with a summit finish on the Col du Grand Colombier",
67
+ "refs": [
68
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2023/07/01/tour-de-france-2023-how-watch-route-jersey-meaning/"
69
+ ]
70
+ },
71
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Another summit finish followed two stages later, this time at Saint-Gervais-les-Bains",
73
+ "refs": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "sentence": "Following the second rest day, stage 16 was the only individual time trial of the race, at 22.4\u00a0km (13.9\u00a0mi) in length",
77
+ "refs": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "sentence": "Stage 17 in the Alps featured the most amount of climbing, with over 5,000\u00a0m (16,000\u00a0ft) on the way to Courchevel",
81
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Two transitional stages led to the penultimate day, ending at Le Markstein in the Vosges, before a 500\u00a0km (310\u00a0mi) transfer for the ceremonial final stage in Paris",
85
+ "refs": []
86
+ },
87
+ {
88
+ "sentence": "The first week of the Tour was described by French rider Romain Bardet (Team DSM\u2013Firmenich) as \"most difficult [...] that ever existed\", featuring a large number of high-mountain climbs and offering up the possibility of significant time differences between the general classification contenders",
89
+ "refs": []
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "sentence": "The route was considered to favour climbers, with one short, uphill time trial on stage 16",
93
+ "refs": [
94
+ "https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/road-racing/tour-de-france/romain-bardet-on-2023-tour-de-france-the-most-difficult-first-week-that-ever-existed/"
95
+ ]
96
+ }
97
+ ],
98
+ "subsections": []
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+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "section_title": "Pre-race favourites",
102
+ "section_content": [
103
+ {
104
+ "sentence": "The 2023 Tour de France was generally expected to be a two-way fight between defending champion Jonas Vingegaard (Team Jumbo\u2013Visma) and two-time winner Tadej Poga\u010dar (UAE Team Emirates)",
105
+ "refs": []
106
+ },
107
+ {
108
+ "sentence": "Both had finished in first and second place respectively the year before, with the positions reversed in 2021",
109
+ "refs": []
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "sentence": "The pair had raced against one another early in the season at Paris\u2013Nice, a race won by Poga\u010dar, while Vingegaard finished third",
113
+ "refs": []
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "sentence": "Vingegaard's form then picked up as the season progressed",
117
+ "refs": []
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "sentence": "He won three stages and the overall classification at the Tour of the Basque Country in April",
121
+ "refs": []
122
+ },
123
+ {
124
+ "sentence": "At the Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9, the most important preparation event for the Tour, he won two stages and won the general classification by the biggest margin since 1993",
125
+ "refs": []
126
+ },
127
+ {
128
+ "sentence": "Poga\u010dar meanwhile enjoyed a very successful spring campaign, winning the Tour of Flanders, the Amstel Gold Race, and La Fl\u00e8che Wallonne",
129
+ "refs": [
130
+ "https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/roll-on-the-tour-de-france-jonas-vingegaard-ready-after-dominant-criterium-du-dauphine-win"
131
+ ]
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "sentence": "He also came fourth at Milan\u2013San Remo and third at the E3 Saxo Classic",
135
+ "refs": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "sentence": "A crash and subsequent injury at Li\u00e8ge\u2013Bastogne\u2013Li\u00e8ge then interrupted his season",
139
+ "refs": []
140
+ },
141
+ {
142
+ "sentence": "Behind Vingegaard and Poga\u010dar, the best chances at overall victory were given to 2022 Giro d'Italia winner Jai Hindley (Bora\u2013Hansgrohe)",
143
+ "refs": []
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "sentence": "His best result in the run-up to the Tour was fourth overall at the Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9",
147
+ "refs": []
148
+ },
149
+ {
150
+ "sentence": "Other riders named as possible favourites were Mikel Landa (Team Bahrain Victorious), Enric Mas (Movistar Team), David Gaudu (Groupama\u2013FDJ), former Giro d'Italia winner Richard Carapaz (EF Education\u2013EasyPost), Ben O'Connor (AG2R Citro\u00ebn Team), and Romain Bardet (Team DSM\u2013Firmenich)",
151
+ "refs": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "sentence": "Following his victory at the Tour de Suisse, the name of Mattias Skjelmose (Lidl\u2013Trek) was also added to the list of potential favourites",
155
+ "refs": [
156
+ "https://www.rouleur.cc/blogs/the-rouleur-journal/tour-de-france-2023-favourites-who-will-win-the-yellow-jersey",
157
+ "https://www.cyclingnews.com/features/tour-de-france-2023-analysing-the-contenders/"
158
+ ]
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "Also named, albeit with even lower chances of victory, were Adam Yates (UAE Team Emirates), his brother Simon Yates (Team Jayco\u2013AlUla), Daniel Mart\u00ednez, Tom Pidcock (both Ineos Grenadiers), and Giulio Ciccone (Trek\u2013Segafredo)",
162
+ "refs": [
163
+ "https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/denmarks-new-hope-and-wout-van-aert-sobered-five-things-we-learned-from-the-tour-de-suisse"
164
+ ]
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "sentence": "Egan Bernal (Ineos Grenadiers), the winner of the 2019 Tour de France, was not given big chances to win overall, since he was still recovering from a life-threatening crash the year before, even though he performed well at the Crit\u00e9rium du Dauphin\u00e9",
168
+ "refs": []
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "sentence": "Four-time winner Chris Froome (Israel\u2013Premier Tech), who had so far not managed to reach his previous form after a serious accident in 2019, was left off his team's Tour roster",
172
+ "refs": []
173
+ },
174
+ {
175
+ "sentence": "The most notable absentees from the race were a quartet of general classification favourites and former Grand Tour winners who chose to prioritise the 2023 Giro d'Italia, which featured more time trial kilometres than the Tour in 2023, which suited some of these riders",
176
+ "refs": [
177
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jun/23/cycling-chris-froome-misses-out-tour-de-france-2023"
178
+ ]
179
+ },
180
+ {
181
+ "sentence": "Those four were eventual Giro winner Primo\u017e Rogli\u010d (Team Jumbo\u2013Visma), 2018 Tour winner Geraint Thomas (Ineos Grenadiers) and two who left the Giro through illness and injury when highly placed, 2020 Giro winner Tao Geoghegan Hart (Ineos Grenadiers) and incumbent World Champion and Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a winner Remco Evenepoel (Soudal\u2013Quick-Step)",
182
+ "refs": [
183
+ "https://www.reuters.com/sports/cycling/giro-ditalia-winner-roglic-will-not-ride-tour-de-france-2023-06-20/",
184
+ "https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/geraint-thomas-to-race-nationals-worlds-and-possibly-vuelta-a-espana/",
185
+ "https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/road-racing/tour-de-france/ineos-grenadiers-and-its-tour-de-france-problem/"
186
+ ]
187
+ },
188
+ {
189
+ "sentence": "Several riders were seen as possible favourites for victories on stages ending in bunch sprints and therefore for the points classification, which is won based on points collected by high placings on individual stages and awards a green jersey",
190
+ "refs": []
191
+ },
192
+ {
193
+ "sentence": "Mark Cavendish (Astana Qazaqstan Team) returned for his last Tour de France and was chasing the record for most stage wins by any rider, starting the Tour on an equal number of 34 with Eddy Merckx",
194
+ "refs": []
195
+ },
196
+ {
197
+ "sentence": "A stage win at the Giro d'Italia proved that Cavendish was still a strong sprinter, even at the age of 38",
198
+ "refs": []
199
+ },
200
+ {
201
+ "sentence": "Due to strong performances so far in the season, the best chances at multiple sprint stage wins were given to Jasper Philipsen (Alpecin\u2013Deceuninck)",
202
+ "refs": []
203
+ },
204
+ {
205
+ "sentence": "Other favourites in this category included Dylan Groenewegen (Team Jayco\u2013AlUla), and Fabio Jakobsen (Soudal\u2013Quick-Step)",
206
+ "refs": []
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "Riders who could excel both in sprints and on more hilly terrain, and therefore would be candidates for the points classification as well, were defending green jersey winner Wout van Aert (Team Jumbo\u2013Visma), former world champion Mads Pedersen (Lidl\u2013Trek), Mathieu van der Poel (Alpecin\u2013Deceuninck), and Biniam Girmay (Intermarch\u00e9\u2013Circus\u2013Wanty)",
210
+ "refs": []
211
+ }
212
+ ],
213
+ "subsections": []
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "section_title": "Race overview",
217
+ "section_content": [],
218
+ "subsections": [
219
+ {
220
+ "section_title": "Grand D\u00e9part and Week One",
221
+ "section_content": [
222
+ {
223
+ "sentence": "The first stage around Bilbao in the Basque Country saw a crash of several riders, which ultimately forced two pre-race favourites, Carapaz and Mas, to abandon",
224
+ "refs": []
225
+ },
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "The race broke into several groups over the two final climbs of the day, with identical twins Simon and Adam Yates breaking away from a select group on the final ascent",
228
+ "refs": []
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "sentence": "The pair held their advantage to the finish, with Adam Yates taking the stage win and the first leader's yellow jersey ahead of his brother",
232
+ "refs": []
233
+ },
234
+ {
235
+ "sentence": "Poga\u010dar won the sprint in the group behind to finish third, and Neilson Powless (EF Education\u2013EasyPost) took the lead in the mountains classification",
236
+ "refs": []
237
+ },
238
+ {
239
+ "sentence": "Stage 2 featured the climb of the Jaizkibel, prominently used in the race Cl\u00e1sica de San Sebasti\u00e1n later in the season",
240
+ "refs": [
241
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/01/cyling-adam-yates-simon-tour-de-france-stage-one",
242
+ "https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-de-france-2023/stage-1/live-report/"
243
+ ]
244
+ },
245
+ {
246
+ "sentence": "On the climb, a select group of favourites emerged ahead of the peloton, with Poga\u010dar taking eight bonus seconds available at the summit ahead of Vingegaard",
247
+ "refs": []
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "sentence": "Victor Lafay (Cofidis) broke clear of the leading group within the final kilometre of the stage and managed to keep his advantage to win the stage ahead of van Aert, while Yates retained the yellow jersey",
251
+ "refs": []
252
+ },
253
+ {
254
+ "sentence": "Jasper Philipsen won the following two, relatively flat, stages from bunch sprints",
255
+ "refs": []
256
+ },
257
+ {
258
+ "sentence": "On stage 3 into Bayonne, he came in ahead of Phil Bauhaus (Team Bahrain Victorious), following a strong lead-out by teammate Mathieu van der Poel",
259
+ "refs": []
260
+ },
261
+ {
262
+ "sentence": "Yates remained in the leader's jersey while Powless collected more points for the mountains classification as part of the breakaway",
263
+ "refs": []
264
+ },
265
+ {
266
+ "sentence": "Philipsen then won ahead of Caleb Ewan (Lotto\u2013Dstny) and Bauhaus at the finish of stage 4, which ended at the Circuit Paul Armagnac in Nogaro",
267
+ "refs": [
268
+ "https://www.eurosport.com/cycling/tour-de-france/2023/tour-de-france-2023-jasper-philipsen-storms-to-first-sprint-stage-win-as-wout-van-aert-edged-out-aga_sto9684029/story.shtml"
269
+ ]
270
+ },
271
+ {
272
+ "sentence": "The final part of the stage was marred by several crashes, including Fabio Jakobsen, while Yates retained the yellow jersey for another day",
273
+ "refs": [
274
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/66102679"
275
+ ]
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "sentence": "Following two hard opening days and with the high mountains of the Pyrenees to come the day after, the field was taking a slow tempo during stage 4, with no breakaway forming until 100\u00a0km (62\u00a0mi) into the race",
279
+ "refs": [
280
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/04/cycling-tour-de-france-jasper-philipsen-stage-four"
281
+ ]
282
+ },
283
+ {
284
+ "sentence": "This led to criticism, with some, such as stage winner Philipsen, describing it as \"the most boring Tour de France stage for a long time\"",
285
+ "refs": []
286
+ },
287
+ {
288
+ "sentence": "On stage 5, the first mountain stage in the Pyrenees, a 36-man breakaway containing multiple pre-race favourites including Jai Hindley escaped from the bunch and established a stable advantage",
289
+ "refs": []
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "sentence": "The maximum lead of the group over the field was four minutes and was still at 2:30 minutes as it began the ascent of the final climb of the day, the Col de Marie-Blanque",
293
+ "refs": []
294
+ },
295
+ {
296
+ "sentence": "Hindley dropped the remaining breakaway riders and rode alone over the top of the climb and into the finish in Laruns to win the stage, taking the lead in the general classification",
297
+ "refs": []
298
+ },
299
+ {
300
+ "sentence": "Felix Gall (AG2R Citro\u00ebn Team) had gained enough points during the stage to go into the lead of the mountains classification",
301
+ "refs": []
302
+ },
303
+ {
304
+ "sentence": "Behind in the group of favourites, Vingegaard attacked 1.5\u00a0km (0.93\u00a0mi) from the summit of the Marie-Blanque and managed to distance Poga\u010dar",
305
+ "refs": [
306
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/66113182",
307
+ "https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-de-france-2023/stage-5/results/"
308
+ ]
309
+ },
310
+ {
311
+ "sentence": "Catching up to several breakaway riders, Vingegaard finished fifth on the day, 34 seconds behind Hindley",
312
+ "refs": []
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "sentence": "Poga\u010dar opted to wait for distanced teammate Adam Yates to try to limit his losses, but eventually arrived at the finish 1:04 minutes behind Vingegaard, dropping to sixth place overall",
316
+ "refs": []
317
+ },
318
+ {
319
+ "sentence": "With him came in other favourites such as Gaudu, Martinez, Rodriguez, and the Yates brothers",
320
+ "refs": []
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "sentence": "Meanwhile, Ben O'Connor and Romain Bardet lost 1:57 minutes to Hindley",
324
+ "refs": []
325
+ },
326
+ {
327
+ "sentence": "On stage 6, Vingegaard employed similar tactics to stage 5, outdistancing Hindley, but was unable to answer Poga\u010dar's attack 3\u00a0km (1.9\u00a0mi) from the finish line; Poga\u010dar won the stage and narrowed Vingegaard's general-classification lead over him to 25 seconds, while Vingegaard took the yellow jersey and second place on the stage",
328
+ "refs": []
329
+ },
330
+ {
331
+ "sentence": "The seventh stage, another flat stage ending in a bunch sprint, was won by Philipsen again, narrowly beating Mark Cavendish, whose bicycle gears slipped within metres of the finish line",
332
+ "refs": [
333
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/66126377"
334
+ ]
335
+ },
336
+ {
337
+ "sentence": "Stage 8 put an end to Cavendish's attempt to break the record for most stage wins, as an injury sustained in a crash forced him to abandon the Tour; the stage was won in a sprint by Mads Pedersen",
338
+ "refs": [
339
+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/66136531"
340
+ ]
341
+ },
342
+ {
343
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+ "refs": [
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "Vingegaard retained the yellow jersey, but lost time to Poga\u010dar, who crossed the finish line eight seconds ahead of him",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "section_title": "Week Two",
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+ "sentence": "After the first rest day, stage 10 had a chaotic beginning, with many groups of riders\u2014at one point including Vingegaard and Poga\u010dar\u2014attempting to break away before being caught by the peloton; a stable breakaway emerged around the halfway point of the stage",
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+ "sentence": "Krists Neilands attacked the breakaway group and was solo leader for much of the last section of the stage, but was eventually caught by other breakaway riders including Pello Bilbao, who went on to win the stage",
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+ "sentence": "Bilbao dedicated his victory to his late teammate Gino M\u00e4der, who had died after a crash in the Tour de Suisse the previous month",
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+ "sentence": "Jasper Philipsen took his fourth stage-win of the Tour in a sprint on the eleventh stage to Moulins",
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+ "https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-de-france-2023/stage-10/results/"
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+ "sentence": "In the twelfth stage, Ion Izagirre of the Cofidis team came in first after he escaped solo in the last 30\u00a0km (19\u00a0mi) towards Belleville en Beaujolais",
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380
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+ "sentence": "Micha\u0142 Kwiatkowski won stage 13 after breaking away on his own 11\u00a0km (6.8\u00a0mi) from the finish at the top of the Grand Colombier",
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386
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Poga\u010dar cut Vingegaard's lead to nine seconds",
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+ "sentence": "In the fourteenth stage, an early 13-rider crash led race officials to suspend the stage for 30 minutes and caused several riders to abandon the Tour",
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+ "sentence": "On the climb to the Col de Joux Plane, Poga\u010dar and Vingegaard led the stage",
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402
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+ "https://www.nbcsports.com/olympics/news/carlos-rodriguez-tadej-pogacar-jonas-vingegaard-motorbikes-tour-de-france-stage-14",
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/66211521"
414
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
417
+ "sentence": "It was his first Tour de France stage win",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Week Three",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
427
+ "sentence": "The third week began with a time trial of 22.4 km between Passy and Combloux in which Poga\u010dar aimed to reverse the 10 second lead of Vingegaard, but the latter won stage 16 decisively and widened his lead to 1 minute and 48 seconds",
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+ "sentence": "On stage 17, which was a mountainous one, a fierce counter-attack from Poga\u010dar was expected",
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/66237675"
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+ ]
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+ "sentence": "However, Poga\u010dar needed assistance from his teammate Marc Soler in the climb towards the Col de la Loze and lost further time to Vingegaard, who widened the lead to more than seven minutes in a stage won by Gall",
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444
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+ "sentence": "Kasper Asgreen held off the competition to win the eighteenth stage, which entered the Rhone valley",
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+ "sentence": "Meanwhile, van Aert left the race to be with his wife, who was about to give birth",
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+ "sentence": "On stage 19, Matej Mohori\u010d won by the width of a rim to beat Asgreen in a photo finish in Poligny",
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/20/cycling-tour-de-france-kasper-asgreen-stage-18-victory-report#:~:text=Asgreen%20sprints%20to%20thrilling%20stage%2018%20win%20as%20Vingegaard%20retains%20solid%20Tour%20lead,-Quartet%20survive%20high&text=Jonas%20Vingegaard%20retained%20his%20overall,in%20Bourg%2Den%2DBresse."
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+ "sentence": "In the twentieth stage, Thibaut Pinot, in his last Tour before retirement, attacked the breakaway and was solo leader at the top of the Petit Ballon, which was lined by thousands of fans cheering him on",
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+ "sentence": "He was overtaken and dropped by the race leaders on the ascent to the Col du Platzerwasel, and Poga\u010dar won the stage ahead of Gall and his tour rival Vingegaard",
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+ "sentence": "In the same stage, the Italian Giulio Ciccone sealed the victory for the mountain classification",
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He is the first Italian to achieve this feat since Claudio Chiappucci in 1992",
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+ "sentence": "The final stage was traditionally calm and the Belgian Jordi Meeus won just ahead of his compatriot Philipsen, Groenewegen, and Pedersen",
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+ "sentence": "Philipsen won the green jersey of the points classification for the first time in his career",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.srf.ch/sport/mehr-sport/rad/tour-de-france-geht-zu-ende-vingegaard-jubelt-ueber-tour-sieg-meeus-duepiert-philipsen",
495
+ "https://www.espn.com/olympics/cycling/story/_/id/38059030/jonas-vingegaard-wins-tour-de-france-2nd-straight-year"
496
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Vingegaard crossed the finish line at the Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es arm in arm with his teammates, finishing 7:29 minutes ahead of Poga\u010dar and 10:56 minutes ahead of Adam Yates to win the Tour de France for the second straight year",
500
+ "refs": []
501
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "His winning margin of 7 minutes 29 seconds was the largest since 2014",
504
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+ {
507
+ "sentence": "Vingegaard's Team Jumbo\u2013Visma won the teams classification",
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511
+ "sentence": "Victor Campenaerts was chosen as the most combative rider",
512
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515
+ "sentence": "Runner up Poga\u010dar won the white jersey of the young rider classification for the fourth year in a row",
516
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524
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529
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530
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531
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+ {
533
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534
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538
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540
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543
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544
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545
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+ "4": "https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/tour-de-france-2023-route-revealed-mountainous-profile-only-22km-of-time-trialling-and-four-summit-finish-finales/",
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+ "6": "https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/tour-de-france-2023-route-announced-five-summit-finishes-and-one-time-trial-on-the-menu-for-the-men",
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+ "8": "https://www.letour.fr/en/overall-route",
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+ "9": "https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1448-4854",
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+ "18": "https://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/tour-de-france-2023-etappen-1.5947600",
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+ "19": "https://www.cyclingweekly.com/racing/21-riders-to-watch-at-the-tour-de-france-2023-its-not-just-jonas-vingegaard-and-tadej-pogacar",
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+ "20": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/01/cyling-adam-yates-simon-tour-de-france-stage-one",
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+ "21": "https://www.cyclingnews.com/races/tour-de-france-2023/stage-1/live-report/",
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+ "22": "https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/cycling/2023/07/02/tour-de-france-victor-lafay-wins-stage-two-but-adam-yates-keeps-overall-lead/",
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1046
+ "italian",
1047
+ "remco evenepoel",
1048
+ "team jumbo\u2013visma"
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+ ]
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+ }
json/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash",
4
+ "summary": "On 23 August 2023, an Embraer Legacy 600 business jet crashed near Kuzhenkino in Tver Oblast, approximately 100 kilometres (60 mi) north of its departure point in Moscow. Among the ten victims were Yevgeny Prigozhin, Dmitry Utkin, and Valery Chekalov, the key figures of the Wagner Group, a Russian state-funded private military company. The crash prompted speculation that the jet was destroyed on the orders of Russian president Vladimir Putin, after Prigozhin had led the Wagner Group rebellion exactly two months prior.Tracking data from Flightradar24 showed unusual altitude variations followed by a \"dramatic descent\" shortly before the plane crashed. Visual evidence suggested structural failure of the aircraft. Western intelligence reported that an explosion likely caused the airplane to crash.The aircraft, manufactured by Brazilian company Embraer, had been associated with Prigozhin since 2018. It was barred from the United States due to sanctions imposed on Prigozhin after his involvement in the Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections.While official Russian sources downplayed the crash, some intelligence agencies and international leaders suggested it was a politically motivated assassination. Prigozhin's previous criticism of the Russian Defense Ministry and open rebellion against Russian state forces were cited as potential motivations for foul play. The deaths of Prigozhin, Utkin, and Chekalov are among several sudden deaths of Russian officials since 2022 considered suspicious.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Background",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "The Wagner Group, a Russian state-funded private military company led by Yevgeny Prigozhin, had played an important role in the Russian invasion of Ukraine",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "Prigozhin was a close confidant of Russia's president Vladimir Putin",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "He began openly criticizing the Russian Defense Ministry for mishandling the war effort, eventually saying their reasons for the invasion were lies",
19
+ "refs": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "On 23 June 2023, he led the Wagner Group in a one-day rebellion against the Russian Defense Ministry, which was resolved through negotiations that allowed Prigozhin to evade punishment",
23
+ "refs": [
24
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/23/wagner-chief-accuses-moscow-of-lying-to-public-about-ukraine-yevgeny-prigozhin"
25
+ ]
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "sentence": "Some believed that this immunity would not last long, with analysts subsequently regarding him as a \"dead man walking\"",
29
+ "refs": [
30
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66590919"
31
+ ]
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "sentence": "On the day of the crash, Prigozhin was reported to have just returned from a trip to Africa",
35
+ "refs": [
36
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66601452",
37
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/24/after-yevgeny-prigozhins-death-many-ask-how-he-survived-for-so-long"
38
+ ]
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "sentence": "A posthumously released video of Prigozhin believed to have been filmed days before his death showed him acknowledging threats to his life",
42
+ "refs": [
43
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/23/plane-carrying-yevgeny-prigozhin-crashes-in-russia-a82233"
44
+ ]
45
+ }
46
+ ],
47
+ "subsections": [
48
+ {
49
+ "section_title": "Aircraft",
50
+ "section_content": [
51
+ {
52
+ "sentence": "The Embraer Legacy 600 involved in the crash was produced in 2007 by the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer",
53
+ "refs": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "sentence": "It was originally registered in Slovenia as S5-ALS and then changed operators several times",
57
+ "refs": []
58
+ },
59
+ {
60
+ "sentence": "The aircraft became associated with Prigozhin in 2018 when it was acquired by Autolex Transport of the Seychelles and registered in the Isle of Man as M-SAAN",
61
+ "refs": [
62
+ "https://sierra5.net/novice-novo/novice/6637-strmoglavljeni-embraer-legacy-nekoc-letel-v-floti-slovenskega-linxaira"
63
+ ]
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "sentence": "It was reported sold to the Wagner group in September 2020 and transferred to the Russian aircraft register with the tail number RA-02795",
67
+ "refs": [
68
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/24/what-we-know-about-yevgeny-prigozhin-last-flight-a-visual-guide",
69
+ "https://n1info.si/novice/slovenija/prigozinovo-letalo-najprej-last-slovenskega-podjetja-niso-ga-niti-prebarvali/"
70
+ ]
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "sentence": "The aircraft was barred from entering the United States as part of sanctions, also covering Autolex, imposed by the US Treasury Department on Prigozhin in September 2019 following his participation in Russian interference in the 2018 United States elections",
74
+ "refs": [
75
+ "https://n1info.si/novice/slovenija/prigozinovo-letalo-najprej-last-slovenskega-podjetja-niso-ga-niti-prebarvali/",
76
+ "https://simpleflying.com/yevgeny-prigozhin-plane-crash-update/"
77
+ ]
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "sentence": "The airplane was also believed to have carried Prigozhin to Belarus following the Wagner Group rebellion",
81
+ "refs": [
82
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/24/what-we-know-about-yevgeny-prigozhin-last-flight-a-visual-guide",
83
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/24/crashed-russian-embraer-jet-had-good-safety-record-company"
84
+ ]
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "sentence": "The aircraft identification codes listed by the US Treasury matched those of the crashed aircraft, with the tail number RA-02795, as listed in the Russian aircraft registry",
88
+ "refs": []
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "sentence": "The Russian Federal Air Transport Agency stated that the aircraft was owned by MNT-Aero LLC, a corporate transportation firm",
92
+ "refs": [
93
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/24/crashed-russian-embraer-jet-had-good-safety-record-company"
94
+ ]
95
+ },
96
+ {
97
+ "sentence": "When asked regarding the condition of the airplane, Embraer said it had not provided support services for the jet since 2019, citing compliance with sanctions",
98
+ "refs": []
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "sentence": "The crash was the second incident involving a Legacy 600, following a 2006 mid-air collision with Gol Transportes A\u00e9reos Flight 1907 in Brazil, during which the Legacy was damaged but was able to land safely without a casualty, while the commercial airliner crashed, killing all 154 people aboard",
102
+ "refs": [
103
+ "https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/prigozhin-plane-maker-embraer-sa-wasnt-providing-service-support-jet-sanctions-report"
104
+ ]
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "sentence": "That particular incident was later attributed to human and communications errors",
108
+ "refs": []
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "sentence": "There is no record of any Legacy 600, of which about 300 were built before production stopped in 2020, suffering an accident due to mechanical failure",
112
+ "refs": [
113
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/24/crashed-russian-embraer-jet-had-good-safety-record-company",
114
+ "https://gama.aero/wp-content/uploads/GAMA-2018-Annual-Report-1.pdf"
115
+ ]
116
+ }
117
+ ],
118
+ "subsections": []
119
+ }
120
+ ]
121
+ },
122
+ {
123
+ "section_title": "Incident",
124
+ "section_content": [
125
+ {
126
+ "sentence": "According to data from Flightradar24, the flight was airborne by 15:00\u00a0UTC",
127
+ "refs": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "sentence": "By approximately 15:11, it had reached an altitude of 28,000\u00a0ft (8,500\u00a0m)",
131
+ "refs": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "sentence": "The aircraft maintained this altitude until 15:19, when it climbed to 30,100\u00a0ft (9,200\u00a0m)",
135
+ "refs": [
136
+ "https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/russian-legacy-600-crashes-near-tver/",
137
+ "https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/ra-02795"
138
+ ]
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "Subsequently, it descended to around 27,500\u00a0ft (8,400\u00a0m) before ascending again to 29,300\u00a0ft (8,900\u00a0m)",
142
+ "refs": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "sentence": "At 15:20:14, when data transmission ceased, the aircraft had descended to 19,725\u00a0ft (6,012\u00a0m)",
146
+ "refs": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "sentence": "The airplane crashed near Kuzhenkino in Tver Oblast, about 100 kilometres (62\u00a0mi) north of its departure point in Moscow",
150
+ "refs": [
151
+ "https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/russian-legacy-600-crashes-near-tver/",
152
+ "https://www.newsweek.com/yevgeny-prigozhin-dead-plane-shot-down-russia-wagner-group-leader-1822007"
153
+ ]
154
+ },
155
+ {
156
+ "sentence": "Video footage of the incident revealed a vapor trail, a puff of white smoke, and then pans down to the aircraft in free fall before impact",
157
+ "refs": [
158
+ "https://news.sky.com/story/ten-killed-in-private-jet-crash-north-of-moscow-wagner-leader-yevgeny-prigozhin-on-passenger-list-12946006"
159
+ ]
160
+ },
161
+ {
162
+ "sentence": "The airplane appeared to be missing part of its tail and one of its wings",
163
+ "refs": []
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "sentence": "Experts said that the large debris field, with the fuselage being found some 3\u00a0km (2\u00a0mi) from the empennage and a third significant debris site, indicated that the aircraft sustained a catastrophic structural failure that could not be explained by a simple mechanical problem",
167
+ "refs": [
168
+ "https://www.rferl.org/a/prigozhin-airplane-crash-wagner/32561903.html",
169
+ "https://twitter.com/echofm_online/status/1694390751839314029",
170
+ "https://www.newsweek.com/wagner-releases-video-plane-crash-that-reportedly-killed-yevgeny-prigozhin-1822020"
171
+ ]
172
+ },
173
+ {
174
+ "sentence": "The left wing was found 3\u00a0km (2\u00a0mi) from where the main portion of the aircraft fell",
175
+ "refs": [
176
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/08/24/world/prigozhin-russia-ukraine-news#flight-data-and-video-analysis-point-to-a-catastrophic-midair-event-in-the-russian-plane-crash"
177
+ ]
178
+ },
179
+ {
180
+ "sentence": "Initial evidence pointed to either a bomb detonating in the aircraft or a surface-to-air missile (SAM) explosion",
181
+ "refs": []
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "sentence": "A Telegram channel linked to the Wagner Group, named Grey Zone, reported that the jet was brought down by Russian air defenses",
185
+ "refs": []
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "sentence": "The channel claimed that local residents near the crash site heard two distinct loud noises before the incident and observed two vapour trails",
189
+ "refs": []
190
+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "sentence": "Additionally, a source from the Russian government told The Moscow Times that the possibility of a shootdown was being considered due to the crash site's proximity to Vladimir Putin's residence in Valdai",
193
+ "refs": [
194
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66599733"
195
+ ]
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "sentence": "This area hosted multiple divisions of S-300 missile systems, and the nearby Khotilovo and Migalovo airbases were equipped with Pantsir systems",
199
+ "refs": [
200
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/23/plane-carrying-yevgeny-prigozhin-crashes-in-russia-a82233"
201
+ ]
202
+ },
203
+ {
204
+ "sentence": "Meduza discounted the possibility of a SAM strike, saying that the reported twin exhaust trails and explosions would suggest that two missiles were fired, a common air-defense tactic intended to guarantee a hit; however, Flightradar24 data indicates that the aircraft was flying too high to be hit by a short-range man-portable air-defense system, while a hit from a more potent medium-range SAM\u00a0\u2013 and particularly two of them\u00a0\u2013 would cause much more severe and readily identifiable damage",
205
+ "refs": [
206
+ "https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-66600348/page/2",
207
+ "https://meduza.io/feature/2023/08/23/krushenie-samoleta-evgeniya-prigozhina"
208
+ ]
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "sentence": "According to US intelligence, an intentional explosion caused the airplane to crash, while reports of the use of SAMs were inaccurate",
212
+ "refs": [
213
+ "https://meduza.io/en/feature/2023/08/24/a-bomb-or-a-missile"
214
+ ]
215
+ }
216
+ ],
217
+ "subsections": []
218
+ },
219
+ {
220
+ "section_title": "Passengers and crew",
221
+ "section_content": [
222
+ {
223
+ "sentence": "According to the passenger list released by the Federal Air Transport Agency, the airplane carried ten people: seven passengers and three crew members",
224
+ "refs": []
225
+ },
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "The passengers were Yevgeny Prigozhin, founder of the Wagner Group; Dmitry Utkin, the Wagner Group's co-founder and leader of military operations; Valery Chekalov, head of security and foreign logistics for the Wagner Group; as well as two Wagner veterans and two of Prigozhin's bodyguards",
228
+ "refs": [
229
+ "https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2023/08/23/passenger-plane-crashes-in-russia-wagner-chief-prigozhin-possibly-on-board-en-news",
230
+ "https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-23-2023",
231
+ "https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-23-2023",
232
+ "https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-23-2023"
233
+ ]
234
+ },
235
+ {
236
+ "sentence": "[better\u00a0source\u00a0needed] The flight crew comprised a pilot, a co-pilot, and a flight attendant",
237
+ "refs": [
238
+ "https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-23-2023",
239
+ "https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/foreign/who-prigozhins-crashed-plane"
240
+ ]
241
+ },
242
+ {
243
+ "sentence": "On 27 August 2023, the Russian Investigative Committee verified the identities of all crash victims through DNA analysis",
244
+ "refs": []
245
+ }
246
+ ],
247
+ "subsections": []
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "section_title": "Investigation",
251
+ "section_content": [
252
+ {
253
+ "sentence": "Following the crash, the remains of all ten people were recovered and were transported to a morgue in Tver for further examination",
254
+ "refs": [
255
+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-66599774"
256
+ ]
257
+ },
258
+ {
259
+ "sentence": "Other biological materials were taken to Moscow",
260
+ "refs": []
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "sentence": "Visual identification of the victims was hindered by the extent of their injuries, with the bodies being described as charred and mangled",
264
+ "refs": [
265
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/24/prigozhin-plane-crash-what-do-we-know-a82234"
266
+ ]
267
+ },
268
+ {
269
+ "sentence": "Authorities also reportedly recovered Prigozhin's phone from the crash site",
270
+ "refs": [
271
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/24/will-russias-putin-benefit-from-prigozhins-presumed-plane-crash-death"
272
+ ]
273
+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "sentence": "On 25 August, it was reported the flight recorders had been recovered",
276
+ "refs": [
277
+ "https://kyivindependent.com/wall-street-journal-us-officials-do-not-believe-air-defense-to-be-cause-of-prigozhin-plane-crash/"
278
+ ]
279
+ },
280
+ {
281
+ "sentence": "The Ministry of Emergency Situations initiated an investigation into the incident",
282
+ "refs": [
283
+ "https://tass.ru/proisshestviya/18591233"
284
+ ]
285
+ },
286
+ {
287
+ "sentence": "Additionally, authorities \"opened a criminal case on violation of the rules of traffic safety and operation of air transport.\" The governor of Tver Oblast, Igor Rudenya, was reportedly placed in charge of the investigation",
288
+ "refs": [
289
+ "https://ria.ru/20230823/samolet-1891840284.html"
290
+ ]
291
+ },
292
+ {
293
+ "sentence": "The Center for Research and Prevention of Aeronautical Accidents (CENIPA) of Brazil (where the aircraft was manufactured) offered assistance to the Russian Interstate Aviation Committee - Commission on Accident Investigation (IAC) under the aegis of Annex 13 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, commonly known as the 1944 Chicago Convention",
294
+ "refs": []
295
+ },
296
+ {
297
+ "sentence": "Russia declined the offer on 29 August as the flight was a domestic one, which meant that Russia was not obliged to comply with international rules, and left the matter to the Investigative Committee of Russia",
298
+ "refs": [
299
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/30/moscow-declines-to-probe-prigozhin-plane-crash-under-international-rules-reuters-a82292",
300
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-will-not-probe-prigozhin-plane-crash-under-international-rules-brazil-2023-08-29/"
301
+ ]
302
+ },
303
+ {
304
+ "sentence": "On 5 October, Putin told a meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club in Sochi that the Wagner leaders on the flight may have been using alcohol or drugs, and implied that they blew up the jet themselves with their own weapons",
305
+ "refs": []
306
+ },
307
+ {
308
+ "sentence": "He said that hand grenade fragments were found in the bodies; there was no sign of \"external impact\" to the aircraft; that 10 billion rubles and 5 kilograms (11\u00a0lb) of cocaine were found in Prigozhin's office; and that in his opinion, investigators should have performed alcohol and drug tests while autopsying the victims",
309
+ "refs": []
310
+ },
311
+ {
312
+ "sentence": "Putin pointed to foreign intelligence assessments denying a SAM strike as implicit confirmation of this hypothesis",
313
+ "refs": []
314
+ },
315
+ {
316
+ "sentence": "The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) described Putin's narrative as \"bizarre\" and said he was blaming the victims to discredit Prigozhin's supporters and deflect blame away from the Russian government",
317
+ "refs": []
318
+ }
319
+ ],
320
+ "subsections": [
321
+ {
322
+ "section_title": "Assessments outside Russia",
323
+ "section_content": [
324
+ {
325
+ "sentence": "On 24 August, United States Department of Defense press secretary Patrick Ryder stated that the Pentagon had no indication that the airplane carrying Prigozhin had been shot down by a surface-to-air missile, calling it false information",
326
+ "refs": []
327
+ },
328
+ {
329
+ "sentence": "The Wall Street Journal cited sources within the US government as saying that the crash was likely caused by a bomb on board or \"some other form of sabotage\"",
330
+ "refs": [
331
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/08/24/world/prigozhin-russia-ukraine-news",
332
+ "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/live-blog/prigozhin-russia-plane-crash-live-updates-rcna101554"
333
+ ]
334
+ },
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "The paper also cited three veteran aviation experts who said that given their analysis of the visual evidence available there was no missile strike, but rather a catastrophic structural failure",
337
+ "refs": [
338
+ "https://kyivindependent.com/wall-street-journal-us-officials-do-not-believe-air-defense-to-be-cause-of-prigozhin-plane-crash/"
339
+ ]
340
+ }
341
+ ],
342
+ "subsections": []
343
+ }
344
+ ]
345
+ },
346
+ {
347
+ "section_title": "Effect on the Wagner Group",
348
+ "section_content": [
349
+ {
350
+ "sentence": "The ISW assessed that the targeted assassinations would ultimately eliminate Wagner Group as a substantial threat to Putin",
351
+ "refs": []
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "sentence": "Shortly before the aircraft crash, Redut, a rival Russian private military outfit, began preparation to enter Africa, focusing recruitment efforts on this area",
355
+ "refs": []
356
+ },
357
+ {
358
+ "sentence": "iStories found posts on social networks urging people to join Redut with this message: \"Wagner is in the past",
359
+ "refs": []
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "sentence": "If you are really interested in real work in Africa, the Ministry of Defence and PMC Redut is your choice!\"",
363
+ "refs": []
364
+ },
365
+ {
366
+ "sentence": "On 25 August, Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko, who brokered a deal between Putin and Prigozhin to relocate Wagner forces to Belarus in exchange for ending the Wagner Group rebellion, announced that the group would continue to stay in the country and denied reports of its departure",
367
+ "refs": []
368
+ }
369
+ ],
370
+ "subsections": []
371
+ },
372
+ {
373
+ "section_title": "Reactions",
374
+ "section_content": [],
375
+ "subsections": [
376
+ {
377
+ "section_title": "Domestic",
378
+ "section_content": [
379
+ {
380
+ "sentence": "On Vremya, the flagship news program of the state-controlled Channel One, the disaster's coverage was confined to a 30-second report on that evening's edition",
381
+ "refs": []
382
+ },
383
+ {
384
+ "sentence": "Other state media reported on the incident sparingly, voicing the official version of \"violation of flight safety procedures\"",
385
+ "refs": []
386
+ },
387
+ {
388
+ "sentence": "At Wagner Center in Saint Petersburg, flowers and candles were placed at a makeshift shrine, and the building's windows were lit up in the shape of a cross",
389
+ "refs": [
390
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66601412"
391
+ ]
392
+ },
393
+ {
394
+ "sentence": "Grey Zone declared Prigozhin a hero and a patriot who it said had died at the hands of unidentified people whom it called \"traitors to Russia\"",
395
+ "refs": [
396
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/23/plane-carrying-yevgeny-prigozhin-crashes-in-russia-a82233"
397
+ ]
398
+ },
399
+ {
400
+ "sentence": "Other makeshift memorials appeared in Moscow, Novosibirsk and Rostov-on-Don, which was occupied by Prigozhin and his forces during the Wagner Group rebellion",
401
+ "refs": [
402
+ "https://www.rferl.org/a/prigozhin-plane-crash-russia-putin-mutiny/32562550.html"
403
+ ]
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "sentence": "There was no immediate comment regarding the crash from the Kremlin or from Putin, who was at an event commemorating the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Kursk when news of the incident broke out",
407
+ "refs": []
408
+ },
409
+ {
410
+ "sentence": "Prigozhin's press secretary declined to comment on the incident, as did surviving members of the Wagner Council of Commanders",
411
+ "refs": [
412
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/23/plane-carrying-yevgeny-prigozhin-crashes-in-russia-a82233",
413
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/23/private-plane-crashes-in-russia-with-wagner-group-chief-on-board"
414
+ ]
415
+ },
416
+ {
417
+ "sentence": "On 24 August, Putin issued a statement which called Prigozhin \"a person with a complicated fate\", adding that \"he made some serious mistakes in life, but also achieved necessary results\"",
418
+ "refs": [
419
+ "https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-24-2023"
420
+ ]
421
+ },
422
+ {
423
+ "sentence": "On 25 August, Russian presidential spokesperson Dmitry Peskov dismissed speculation over Putin's culpability in the crash as an \"absolute lie\"",
424
+ "refs": [
425
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/08/24/world/prigozhin-russia-ukraine-news"
426
+ ]
427
+ },
428
+ {
429
+ "sentence": "He later said that the possibility that the crash was premeditated was not being ruled out",
430
+ "refs": [
431
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/25/kremlin-dismisses-prigozhin-assassination-rumors-as-absolute-lies-a82248#google_vignette"
432
+ ]
433
+ },
434
+ {
435
+ "sentence": "Pro-Kremlin journalist and RT chief editor Margarita Simonyan said she was \"leaning toward the most obvious\" version, also alluding to intentional downing",
436
+ "refs": []
437
+ },
438
+ {
439
+ "sentence": "Rossiya-24 host Vladimir Solovyov accused Ukraine and its allies of spreading false news of Prigozhin's death but later retracted his statements",
440
+ "refs": [
441
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/23/yevgeny-prigozhin-on-private-jet-that-crashed-near-moscow-russia-wagner"
442
+ ]
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "sentence": "Asked by a journalist for a reaction at the sidelines of the 15th BRICS summit in South Africa, Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov refused to comment",
446
+ "refs": [
447
+ "https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/23/europe/russia-wagner-prigozhin-plane-crash-analysis-intl-hnk/index.html"
448
+ ]
449
+ },
450
+ {
451
+ "sentence": "A poll conducted by Alexei Venediktov, former head of the Echo of Moscow radio station, found that 60% of respondents believed Prigozhin's airplane was either shot down or blown up on board, and 17% believed he had staged his own death",
452
+ "refs": []
453
+ },
454
+ {
455
+ "sentence": "Only 1% believed the aircraft crash was accidental",
456
+ "refs": []
457
+ },
458
+ {
459
+ "sentence": "On 29 August, Prigozhin was buried next to his father in a private ceremony at Porokhovskoye Cemetery in Saint Petersburg",
460
+ "refs": []
461
+ },
462
+ {
463
+ "sentence": "Putin did not attend the funeral",
464
+ "refs": []
465
+ },
466
+ {
467
+ "sentence": "On the same day, Valery Chekalov was buried in Saint Petersburg's Severnoye Cemetery",
468
+ "refs": [
469
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/29/wagner-chief-yevgeny-prigozhin-buried-at-st-petersburg-cemetery"
470
+ ]
471
+ },
472
+ {
473
+ "sentence": "Sources from the Russian government said that the Russian presidential administration and security services directly interfered with the funeral preparations to minimize publicity and prevent mass gatherings",
474
+ "refs": [
475
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66649570"
476
+ ]
477
+ },
478
+ {
479
+ "sentence": "After memorabilia were stolen from his grave, the site was placed under a 24-hour guard and a surveillance camera was installed nearby",
480
+ "refs": [
481
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/30/we-dont-need-heroes-who-marched-on-moscow-how-the-kremlin-silenced-prigozhins-funeral-a82293"
482
+ ]
483
+ },
484
+ {
485
+ "sentence": "On 31 August, Dmitry Utkin was buried at the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery in Moscow Oblast",
486
+ "refs": [
487
+ "https://apnews.com/article/russia-putin-prigozhin-mutiny-wagner-ukraine-africa-03a8797d0c923d3db3f1dd8f604e9a38"
488
+ ]
489
+ }
490
+ ],
491
+ "subsections": []
492
+ },
493
+ {
494
+ "section_title": "International",
495
+ "section_content": [
496
+ {
497
+ "sentence": "In response to news of Prigozhin's death, United States president Joe Biden and United States National Security Council spokeswoman Adrienne Watson both stated that the incident came as no surprise",
498
+ "refs": []
499
+ },
500
+ {
501
+ "sentence": "When asked about the attribution of responsibility, Biden added, \"There is not much that happens in Russia that Putin is not behind, but I don't know enough to know the answer.\" White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre later said that the Kremlin had \"a long history of killing opponents\", and that it was \"very clear what happened\" to Prigozhin",
502
+ "refs": [
503
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/23/private-plane-crashes-in-russia-with-wagner-group-chief-on-board"
504
+ ]
505
+ },
506
+ {
507
+ "sentence": "Mykhailo Podolyak, an adviser to Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy, called Prigozhin's death a \"demonstrative elimination\" and a signal from Putin to Russian elites against disloyalty ahead of the 2024 presidential elections, adding that \"Putin does not forgive anyone for his own bestial terror.\" Zelenskyy himself denied any involvement by Ukraine in the crash, but said \"everyone understands\" who did it",
508
+ "refs": []
509
+ },
510
+ {
511
+ "sentence": "Estonian prime minister Kaja Kallas called the crash a reminder of Putin's ability to eliminate opponents and scare off dissent, while Polish foreign minister Zbigniew Rau said that those who threatened Putin's power do not \"die naturally\" and expressed strong doubts about the crash being accidental",
512
+ "refs": []
513
+ },
514
+ {
515
+ "sentence": "The French government expressed \"reasonable doubts\" about the cause of the crash, and added that Prigozhin was \"the man who did Putin's dirty work\" and left behind \"mass graves\" in Africa, Ukraine, and Russia",
516
+ "refs": [
517
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/23/world-reaction-to-possible-death-of-wagner-chief-yevgeny-prigozhin"
518
+ ]
519
+ },
520
+ {
521
+ "sentence": "Moldovan president Maia Sandu also commented on Prigozhin's death, saying it only confirmed the risks coming from Russia, \"a country that has no justice\", which extend to its neighboring countries",
522
+ "refs": [
523
+ "https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/08/24/France-has-reasonable-doubts-over-Wagner-s-Prigozhin-plane-crash-Spokesman"
524
+ ]
525
+ },
526
+ {
527
+ "sentence": "Belarusian president Aleksandr Lukashenko stated he could not \"imagine\" Putin being responsible for Prigozhin's death, calling a supposed assassination to be \"too rough and unprofessional\"",
528
+ "refs": []
529
+ }
530
+ ],
531
+ "subsections": []
532
+ }
533
+ ]
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "section_title": "See also",
537
+ "section_content": [],
538
+ "subsections": []
539
+ },
540
+ {
541
+ "section_title": "References",
542
+ "section_content": [],
543
+ "subsections": []
544
+ },
545
+ {
546
+ "section_title": "External links",
547
+ "section_content": [],
548
+ "subsections": []
549
+ }
550
+ ],
551
+ "references": {
552
+ "1": "https://www.ft.com/content/812c9da3-80f2-4fe1-8fad-0b4441d1977a",
553
+ "2": "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/08/23/world/russia-ukraine-war-news",
554
+ "3": "https://t.me/favt_ru/1278",
555
+ "4": "https://news.sky.com/story/wagner-group-commander-dmitry-utkin-was-on-plane-that-crashed-near-moscow-russian-civil-aviation-authority-says-12946176",
556
+ "5": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/kremlin-says-prigozhin-plane-crash-may-have-been-caused-deliberately-2023-08-30/",
557
+ "6": "https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/russian-legacy-600-crashes-near-tver/",
558
+ "7": "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/08/24/world/prigozhin-russia-ukraine-news#flight-data-and-video-analysis-point-to-a-catastrophic-midair-event-in-the-russian-plane-crash",
559
+ "8": "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/08/24/world/prigozhin-russia-ukraine-news/heres-the-latest-on-the-crash",
560
+ "9": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/24/crashed-russian-embraer-jet-had-good-safety-record-company",
561
+ "10": "https://kyivindependent.com/zelensky-everyone-understands-who-is-related-to-prigozhins-death/",
562
+ "11": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/23/private-plane-crashes-in-russia-with-wagner-group-chief-on-board",
563
+ "12": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/29/wagner-chief-yevgeny-prigozhin-buried-at-st-petersburg-cemetery",
564
+ "13": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/23/world-reaction-to-possible-death-of-wagner-chief-yevgeny-prigozhin",
565
+ "14": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jun/23/wagner-chief-accuses-moscow-of-lying-to-public-about-ukraine-yevgeny-prigozhin",
566
+ "15": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66590919",
567
+ "16": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66601452",
568
+ "17": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/24/after-yevgeny-prigozhins-death-many-ask-how-he-survived-for-so-long",
569
+ "18": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/23/plane-carrying-yevgeny-prigozhin-crashes-in-russia-a82233",
570
+ "19": "https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/31/africa/prigozhin-before-death-video-intl/index.html",
571
+ "20": "https://sierra5.net/novice-novo/novice/6637-strmoglavljeni-embraer-legacy-nekoc-letel-v-floti-slovenskega-linxaira",
572
+ "21": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/24/what-we-know-about-yevgeny-prigozhin-last-flight-a-visual-guide",
573
+ "22": "https://n1info.si/novice/slovenija/prigozinovo-letalo-najprej-last-slovenskega-podjetja-niso-ga-niti-prebarvali/",
574
+ "23": "https://simpleflying.com/yevgeny-prigozhin-plane-crash-update/",
575
+ "24": "https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/08/23/russia-moscow-private-jet-crash-wagner-prigozhin-live/",
576
+ "25": "https://ria.ru/20230823/samolet-1891851174.html",
577
+ "26": "https://www.foxbusiness.com/economy/prigozhin-plane-maker-embraer-sa-wasnt-providing-service-support-jet-sanctions-report",
578
+ "27": "https://gama.aero/wp-content/uploads/GAMA-2018-Annual-Report-1.pdf",
579
+ "28": "https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/ra-02795",
580
+ "29": "https://www.newsweek.com/yevgeny-prigozhin-dead-plane-shot-down-russia-wagner-group-leader-1822007",
581
+ "30": "https://news.sky.com/story/ten-killed-in-private-jet-crash-north-of-moscow-wagner-leader-yevgeny-prigozhin-on-passenger-list-12946006",
582
+ "31": "https://www.rferl.org/a/prigozhin-airplane-crash-wagner/32561903.html",
583
+ "32": "https://twitter.com/echofm_online/status/1694390751839314029",
584
+ "33": "https://www.newsweek.com/wagner-releases-video-plane-crash-that-reportedly-killed-yevgeny-prigozhin-1822020",
585
+ "34": "https://twitter.com/SkyNews/status/1695049585201139725",
586
+ "35": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66599733",
587
+ "36": "https://www.bbc.com/russian/live/news-66600348/page/2",
588
+ "37": "https://meduza.io/feature/2023/08/23/krushenie-samoleta-evgeniya-prigozhina",
589
+ "38": "https://meduza.io/en/feature/2023/08/24/a-bomb-or-a-missile",
590
+ "39": "https://apnews.com/article/russia-wagner-prigozhin-jet-crash-382515214f691e47daa2e3635d64e612",
591
+ "40": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/prigozhins-body-medical-examiners-office-kremlin-remains-silent/story?id=102525074",
592
+ "41": "https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2023/08/23/passenger-plane-crashes-in-russia-wagner-chief-prigozhin-possibly-on-board-en-news",
593
+ "42": "https://www.understandingwar.org/backgrounder/russian-offensive-campaign-assessment-august-23-2023",
594
+ "43": "https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/foreign/who-prigozhins-crashed-plane",
595
+ "44": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/factbox-mercenary-chief-prigozhin-others-listed-passengers-crashed-plane-2023-08-24/",
596
+ "45": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/08/23/7416843/",
597
+ "46": "https://www.currenttime.tv/a/zavershena-poiskovaya-operatsiya-na-meste-krusheniya-samoleta/32562540.html",
598
+ "47": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66632924",
599
+ "48": "https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/27/world/europe/prigozhin-wagner-russia.html",
600
+ "49": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/27/wagner-boss-yevgeny-prigozhin-killed-in-plane-crash-russia-investigative-committee-confirms",
601
+ "50": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/world-66599774",
602
+ "51": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/24/prigozhin-plane-crash-what-do-we-know-a82234",
603
+ "52": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/8/24/will-russias-putin-benefit-from-prigozhins-presumed-plane-crash-death",
604
+ "53": "https://kyivindependent.com/wall-street-journal-us-officials-do-not-believe-air-defense-to-be-cause-of-prigozhin-plane-crash/",
605
+ "54": "https://tass.ru/proisshestviya/18591233",
606
+ "55": "https://ria.ru/20230823/samolet-1891840284.html",
607
+ "56": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66596127",
608
+ "57": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/30/moscow-declines-to-probe-prigozhin-plane-crash-under-international-rules-reuters-a82292",
609
+ "58": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-will-not-probe-prigozhin-plane-crash-under-international-rules-brazil-2023-08-29/",
610
+ "59": "https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/08/27/7417285/",
611
+ "60": "https://www.idnes.cz/zpravy/zahranicni/rusko-jevgenij-prigozin-vysetrovani-havarie-kreml-odmitl-zahranicni-experty.A230830_125400_zahranicni_kha",
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+ "61": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/6/putin-suggests-wagner-mercenary-chiefs-plane-brought-down-by-grenade-blast",
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+ "62": "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2023/08/24/world/prigozhin-russia-ukraine-news",
614
+ "63": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/live-blog/prigozhin-russia-plane-crash-live-updates-rcna101554",
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+ "64": "https://www.wsj.com/video/prigozhin-plane-crash-analysis-early-evidence-suggests-bomb-sabotage/EB5DE4D1-F4AD-447D-8936-AAFBAAF625B3.html",
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+ "66": "https://archive.today/20230825132121/https://istories.media/news/2023/08/23/nakanune-gibeli-prigozhina-minoboroni-nachalo-nabor-boitsov-v-afriku-cherez-svoi-chvk-viyasnili-vazhnie-istorii/",
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+ "75": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/23/yevgeny-prigozhin-on-private-jet-that-crashed-near-moscow-russia-wagner",
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+ "78": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/24/is-yevgeny-prigozhin-really-dead-not-everyone-is-convinced",
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+ "79": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66649570",
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+ "80": "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2023/08/30/we-dont-need-heroes-who-marched-on-moscow-how-the-kremlin-silenced-prigozhins-funeral-a82293",
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635
+ "84": "https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/08/24/France-has-reasonable-doubts-over-Wagner-s-Prigozhin-plane-crash-Spokesman",
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+ "88": "https://www.rfa.org/english/news/china/wagner-china-08242023073041.html"
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868
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934
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935
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+ "adrienne watson",
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+ "redut"
939
+ ]
940
+ }
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "65th_Annual_Grammy_Awards",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65th_Annual_Grammy_Awards",
4
+ "summary": "The 65th Annual Grammy Awards ceremony was held at the Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles on February 5, 2023. It recognized the best recordings, compositions, and artists of the eligibility year \u2013 October 1, 2021 to September 30, 2022 \u2013 as determined by the members of National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. The nominations were announced on November 15, 2022. South African comedian Trevor Noah, who hosted the 63rd and 64th ceremonies, returned again.Beyonc\u00e9 received the most nominations (nine) and tied Maverick City Music for wins (four), followed by Kendrick Lamar with eight nominations and three wins, and Adele and Brandi Carlile with seven nominations each. With a career total of 88 nominations, Beyonc\u00e9 tied with her husband Jay-Z as the most nominated artists in Grammy history. Bad Bunny's Un Verano Sin Ti (2022) became the first Spanish-language album to be nominated for Album of the Year.With her win in the Best Dance/Electronic Album category, Beyonc\u00e9 passed Hungarian-British conductor Georg Solti for the record of most Grammy awards in the ceremony's history, with 32. Harry Styles won Album of the Year for Harry's House, becoming the first male British solo artist to win since George Michael in 1989. Lizzo won Record of the Year for \"About Damn Time\", becoming the first black woman to win the award since Whitney Houston in 1994. Bonnie Raitt won Song of the Year for \"Just Like That\", becoming the first female solo songwriter to win since Amy Winehouse in 2008.\nWith her win in the Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording category, Viola Davis became the 18th person to win Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony awards in their entertainment career.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Background",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "For the 2023 ceremony, the academy announced several changes for different categories and eligibility rules:",
11
+ "refs": [
12
+ "https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-grammys-new-categories-songwriter-year-best-video-game-soundtrack-social-impact-special-merit-award-65th-grammy-awards"
13
+ ]
14
+ }
15
+ ],
16
+ "subsections": [
17
+ {
18
+ "section_title": "Category changes",
19
+ "section_content": [],
20
+ "subsections": []
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "section_title": "Album eligibility",
24
+ "section_content": [],
25
+ "subsections": []
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "section_title": "Craft committees",
29
+ "section_content": [],
30
+ "subsections": []
31
+ }
32
+ ]
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "section_title": "Performers",
36
+ "section_content": [],
37
+ "subsections": [
38
+ {
39
+ "section_title": "Premiere ceremony",
40
+ "section_content": [
41
+ {
42
+ "sentence": "The performers for the ceremony were announced on January 29, 2023",
43
+ "refs": []
44
+ }
45
+ ],
46
+ "subsections": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "section_title": "Main ceremony",
50
+ "section_content": [
51
+ {
52
+ "sentence": "The first wave of performers for the ceremony were announced on January 25, 2023, with Harry Styles confirmed a few days later",
53
+ "refs": []
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "sentence": "Performers for the In Memoriam segment were announced on February 1, 2023",
57
+ "refs": [
58
+ "https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-grammys-performers-first-wave-announced-performances",
59
+ "https://www.grammy.com/news/harry-styles-performance--2023-grammys-announcement"
60
+ ]
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "sentence": "The 50 Years of Hip Hop performance was announced on February 3",
64
+ "refs": [
65
+ "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/grammys-2023-in-memoriam-migos-takeoff-loretta-lynn-1235315435/"
66
+ ]
67
+ }
68
+ ],
69
+ "subsections": []
70
+ }
71
+ ]
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "section_title": "Presenters",
75
+ "section_content": [],
76
+ "subsections": []
77
+ },
78
+ {
79
+ "section_title": "Winners and nominees",
80
+ "section_content": [
81
+ {
82
+ "sentence": "The following are the winners and nominees of the 65th annual Grammy Awards",
83
+ "refs": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "sentence": "Winners appear first and highlighted in bold.",
87
+ "refs": [
88
+ "https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-grammy-nominations-complete-winners-nominees-list"
89
+ ]
90
+ }
91
+ ],
92
+ "subsections": [
93
+ {
94
+ "section_title": "General field",
95
+ "section_content": [
96
+ {
97
+ "sentence": "Record of the Year",
98
+ "refs": []
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "sentence": "Album of the Year",
102
+ "refs": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "sentence": "Song of the Year",
106
+ "refs": []
107
+ },
108
+ {
109
+ "sentence": "Best New Artist",
110
+ "refs": []
111
+ }
112
+ ],
113
+ "subsections": []
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "section_title": "Pop",
117
+ "section_content": [
118
+ {
119
+ "sentence": "Best Pop Solo Performance",
120
+ "refs": []
121
+ },
122
+ {
123
+ "sentence": "Best Pop Duo/Group Performance",
124
+ "refs": []
125
+ },
126
+ {
127
+ "sentence": "Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album",
128
+ "refs": []
129
+ },
130
+ {
131
+ "sentence": "Best Pop Vocal Album",
132
+ "refs": []
133
+ }
134
+ ],
135
+ "subsections": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "section_title": "Dance/Electronic",
139
+ "section_content": [
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "Best Dance/Electronic Recording",
142
+ "refs": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "sentence": "Best Dance/Electronic Album",
146
+ "refs": []
147
+ }
148
+ ],
149
+ "subsections": []
150
+ },
151
+ {
152
+ "section_title": "Contemporary instrumental",
153
+ "section_content": [
154
+ {
155
+ "sentence": "Best Contemporary Instrumental Album",
156
+ "refs": []
157
+ }
158
+ ],
159
+ "subsections": []
160
+ },
161
+ {
162
+ "section_title": "Rock",
163
+ "section_content": [
164
+ {
165
+ "sentence": "Best Rock Performance",
166
+ "refs": []
167
+ },
168
+ {
169
+ "sentence": "Best Metal Performance",
170
+ "refs": []
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "sentence": "Best Rock Song",
174
+ "refs": []
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "Best Rock Album",
178
+ "refs": []
179
+ }
180
+ ],
181
+ "subsections": []
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "section_title": "Alternative",
185
+ "section_content": [
186
+ {
187
+ "sentence": "Best Alternative Music Performance",
188
+ "refs": []
189
+ },
190
+ {
191
+ "sentence": "Best Alternative Music Album",
192
+ "refs": []
193
+ }
194
+ ],
195
+ "subsections": []
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "section_title": "R&B",
199
+ "section_content": [
200
+ {
201
+ "sentence": "Best R&B Performance",
202
+ "refs": []
203
+ },
204
+ {
205
+ "sentence": "Best Traditional R&B Performance",
206
+ "refs": []
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "Best R&B Song",
210
+ "refs": []
211
+ },
212
+ {
213
+ "sentence": "Best Progressive R&B Album",
214
+ "refs": []
215
+ },
216
+ {
217
+ "sentence": "Best R&B Album",
218
+ "refs": []
219
+ }
220
+ ],
221
+ "subsections": []
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "section_title": "Rap",
225
+ "section_content": [
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "Best Rap Performance",
228
+ "refs": []
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "sentence": "Best Melodic Rap Performance",
232
+ "refs": []
233
+ },
234
+ {
235
+ "sentence": "Best Rap Song",
236
+ "refs": []
237
+ },
238
+ {
239
+ "sentence": "Best Rap Album",
240
+ "refs": []
241
+ }
242
+ ],
243
+ "subsections": []
244
+ },
245
+ {
246
+ "section_title": "Country",
247
+ "section_content": [
248
+ {
249
+ "sentence": "Best Country Solo Performance",
250
+ "refs": []
251
+ },
252
+ {
253
+ "sentence": "Best Country Duo/Group Performance",
254
+ "refs": []
255
+ },
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "Best Country Song",
258
+ "refs": []
259
+ },
260
+ {
261
+ "sentence": "Best Country Album",
262
+ "refs": []
263
+ }
264
+ ],
265
+ "subsections": []
266
+ },
267
+ {
268
+ "section_title": "New Age",
269
+ "section_content": [
270
+ {
271
+ "sentence": "Best New Age, Ambient or Chant Album",
272
+ "refs": []
273
+ }
274
+ ],
275
+ "subsections": []
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "section_title": "Jazz",
279
+ "section_content": [
280
+ {
281
+ "sentence": "Best Improvised Jazz Solo",
282
+ "refs": []
283
+ },
284
+ {
285
+ "sentence": "Best Jazz Vocal Album",
286
+ "refs": []
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "sentence": "Best Jazz Instrumental Album",
290
+ "refs": []
291
+ },
292
+ {
293
+ "sentence": "Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album",
294
+ "refs": []
295
+ },
296
+ {
297
+ "sentence": "Best Latin Jazz Album",
298
+ "refs": []
299
+ }
300
+ ],
301
+ "subsections": []
302
+ },
303
+ {
304
+ "section_title": "Gospel/contemporary Christian",
305
+ "section_content": [
306
+ {
307
+ "sentence": "Best Gospel Performance/Song",
308
+ "refs": []
309
+ },
310
+ {
311
+ "sentence": "Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song",
312
+ "refs": []
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "sentence": "Best Gospel Album",
316
+ "refs": []
317
+ },
318
+ {
319
+ "sentence": "Best Contemporary Christian Music Album",
320
+ "refs": []
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "sentence": "Best Roots Gospel Album",
324
+ "refs": []
325
+ }
326
+ ],
327
+ "subsections": []
328
+ },
329
+ {
330
+ "section_title": "Latin",
331
+ "section_content": [
332
+ {
333
+ "sentence": "Best Latin Pop Album",
334
+ "refs": []
335
+ },
336
+ {
337
+ "sentence": "Best M\u00fasica Urbana Album",
338
+ "refs": []
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "sentence": "Best Latin Rock or Alternative Album",
342
+ "refs": []
343
+ },
344
+ {
345
+ "sentence": "Best Regional Mexican Music Album (Including Tejano)",
346
+ "refs": []
347
+ },
348
+ {
349
+ "sentence": "Best Tropical Latin Album",
350
+ "refs": []
351
+ }
352
+ ],
353
+ "subsections": []
354
+ },
355
+ {
356
+ "section_title": "American roots",
357
+ "section_content": [
358
+ {
359
+ "sentence": "Best American Roots Performance",
360
+ "refs": []
361
+ },
362
+ {
363
+ "sentence": "Best Americana Performance",
364
+ "refs": []
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "sentence": "Best American Roots Song",
368
+ "refs": []
369
+ },
370
+ {
371
+ "sentence": "Best Americana Album",
372
+ "refs": []
373
+ },
374
+ {
375
+ "sentence": "Best Bluegrass Album",
376
+ "refs": []
377
+ },
378
+ {
379
+ "sentence": "Best Traditional Blues Album",
380
+ "refs": []
381
+ },
382
+ {
383
+ "sentence": "Best Contemporary Blues Album",
384
+ "refs": []
385
+ },
386
+ {
387
+ "sentence": "Best Folk Album",
388
+ "refs": []
389
+ },
390
+ {
391
+ "sentence": "Best Regional Roots Music Album",
392
+ "refs": []
393
+ }
394
+ ],
395
+ "subsections": []
396
+ },
397
+ {
398
+ "section_title": "Reggae",
399
+ "section_content": [
400
+ {
401
+ "sentence": "Best Reggae Album",
402
+ "refs": []
403
+ }
404
+ ],
405
+ "subsections": []
406
+ },
407
+ {
408
+ "section_title": "Global",
409
+ "section_content": [
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "Best Global Music Performance",
412
+ "refs": []
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "sentence": "Best Global Music Album",
416
+ "refs": []
417
+ }
418
+ ],
419
+ "subsections": []
420
+ },
421
+ {
422
+ "section_title": "Children's",
423
+ "section_content": [
424
+ {
425
+ "sentence": "Best Children's Album",
426
+ "refs": []
427
+ }
428
+ ],
429
+ "subsections": []
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "section_title": "Spoken word",
433
+ "section_content": [
434
+ {
435
+ "sentence": "Best Audio Book, Narration\u00a0& Storytelling Recording",
436
+ "refs": []
437
+ },
438
+ {
439
+ "sentence": "Best Spoken Word Poetry Album",
440
+ "refs": []
441
+ }
442
+ ],
443
+ "subsections": []
444
+ },
445
+ {
446
+ "section_title": "Comedy",
447
+ "section_content": [
448
+ {
449
+ "sentence": "Best Comedy Album",
450
+ "refs": []
451
+ }
452
+ ],
453
+ "subsections": []
454
+ },
455
+ {
456
+ "section_title": "Musical theater",
457
+ "section_content": [
458
+ {
459
+ "sentence": "Best Musical Theater Album",
460
+ "refs": []
461
+ }
462
+ ],
463
+ "subsections": []
464
+ },
465
+ {
466
+ "section_title": "Visual media",
467
+ "section_content": [
468
+ {
469
+ "sentence": "Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media",
470
+ "refs": []
471
+ },
472
+ {
473
+ "sentence": "Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media",
474
+ "refs": []
475
+ },
476
+ {
477
+ "sentence": "Best Score Soundtrack for Video Games and Other Interactive Media",
478
+ "refs": []
479
+ },
480
+ {
481
+ "sentence": "Best Song Written for Visual Media",
482
+ "refs": []
483
+ }
484
+ ],
485
+ "subsections": []
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "section_title": "Composition and arrangement",
489
+ "section_content": [
490
+ {
491
+ "sentence": "Best Instrumental Composition",
492
+ "refs": []
493
+ },
494
+ {
495
+ "sentence": "Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella",
496
+ "refs": []
497
+ },
498
+ {
499
+ "sentence": "Best Arrangement, Instruments and Vocals",
500
+ "refs": []
501
+ }
502
+ ],
503
+ "subsections": []
504
+ },
505
+ {
506
+ "section_title": "Package, notes and historical",
507
+ "section_content": [
508
+ {
509
+ "sentence": "Best Recording Package",
510
+ "refs": []
511
+ },
512
+ {
513
+ "sentence": "Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package",
514
+ "refs": []
515
+ },
516
+ {
517
+ "sentence": "Best Album Notes",
518
+ "refs": []
519
+ },
520
+ {
521
+ "sentence": "Best Historical Album",
522
+ "refs": []
523
+ }
524
+ ],
525
+ "subsections": []
526
+ },
527
+ {
528
+ "section_title": "Production",
529
+ "section_content": [
530
+ {
531
+ "sentence": "Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical",
532
+ "refs": []
533
+ },
534
+ {
535
+ "sentence": "Producer of the Year, Non-Classical",
536
+ "refs": []
537
+ },
538
+ {
539
+ "sentence": "Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical",
540
+ "refs": []
541
+ },
542
+ {
543
+ "sentence": "Best Immersive Audio Album",
544
+ "refs": []
545
+ },
546
+ {
547
+ "sentence": "Best Engineered Album, Classical",
548
+ "refs": []
549
+ },
550
+ {
551
+ "sentence": "Producer of the Year, Classical",
552
+ "refs": []
553
+ }
554
+ ],
555
+ "subsections": []
556
+ },
557
+ {
558
+ "section_title": "Songwriting",
559
+ "section_content": [
560
+ {
561
+ "sentence": "Songwriter of the Year, Non-ClassicalPerformers names appear in parentheses.",
562
+ "refs": []
563
+ }
564
+ ],
565
+ "subsections": []
566
+ },
567
+ {
568
+ "section_title": "Classical",
569
+ "section_content": [
570
+ {
571
+ "sentence": "Best Orchestral Performance",
572
+ "refs": []
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "sentence": "Best Opera Recording",
576
+ "refs": []
577
+ },
578
+ {
579
+ "sentence": "Best Choral Performance",
580
+ "refs": []
581
+ },
582
+ {
583
+ "sentence": "Best Chamber Music/Small Ensemble Performance",
584
+ "refs": []
585
+ },
586
+ {
587
+ "sentence": "Best Classical Instrumental Solo",
588
+ "refs": []
589
+ },
590
+ {
591
+ "sentence": "Best Classical Solo Vocal Album",
592
+ "refs": []
593
+ },
594
+ {
595
+ "sentence": "Best Classical Compendium",
596
+ "refs": []
597
+ },
598
+ {
599
+ "sentence": "Best Contemporary Classical Composition",
600
+ "refs": []
601
+ }
602
+ ],
603
+ "subsections": []
604
+ },
605
+ {
606
+ "section_title": "Music video and film",
607
+ "section_content": [
608
+ {
609
+ "sentence": "Best Music Video",
610
+ "refs": []
611
+ },
612
+ {
613
+ "sentence": "Best Music Film",
614
+ "refs": []
615
+ }
616
+ ],
617
+ "subsections": []
618
+ }
619
+ ]
620
+ },
621
+ {
622
+ "section_title": "Special merit awards",
623
+ "section_content": [],
624
+ "subsections": [
625
+ {
626
+ "section_title": "MusiCares Person of the Year",
627
+ "section_content": [],
628
+ "subsections": []
629
+ },
630
+ {
631
+ "section_title": "Lifetime Achievement Awards",
632
+ "section_content": [],
633
+ "subsections": []
634
+ },
635
+ {
636
+ "section_title": "Dr. Dre Global Impact Award",
637
+ "section_content": [],
638
+ "subsections": []
639
+ },
640
+ {
641
+ "section_title": "Best Song for Social Change",
642
+ "section_content": [],
643
+ "subsections": []
644
+ }
645
+ ]
646
+ },
647
+ {
648
+ "section_title": "Multiple nominations and awards",
649
+ "section_content": [
650
+ {
651
+ "sentence": "The following received multiple nominations:",
652
+ "refs": []
653
+ },
654
+ {
655
+ "sentence": "Three:",
656
+ "refs": []
657
+ },
658
+ {
659
+ "sentence": "Two:",
660
+ "refs": []
661
+ },
662
+ {
663
+ "sentence": "The following received multiple awards:",
664
+ "refs": []
665
+ }
666
+ ],
667
+ "subsections": []
668
+ },
669
+ {
670
+ "section_title": "In memoriam",
671
+ "section_content": [
672
+ {
673
+ "sentence": "The show honored artists and industry professionals who had died within the last year",
674
+ "refs": []
675
+ }
676
+ ],
677
+ "subsections": []
678
+ },
679
+ {
680
+ "section_title": "References",
681
+ "section_content": [],
682
+ "subsections": []
683
+ },
684
+ {
685
+ "section_title": "External links",
686
+ "section_content": [],
687
+ "subsections": []
688
+ }
689
+ ],
690
+ "references": {
691
+ "1": "https://tvline.com/2023/02/06/grammys-ratings-2023-cbs-viewership/",
692
+ "2": "https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-grammys-air-date-nominations-announced-65th-grammy-awards",
693
+ "3": "https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-grammy-nominations-complete-winners-nominees-list",
694
+ "4": "https://variety.com/2022/music/news/trevor-noah-returns-grammy-awards-host-1235462201/",
695
+ "5": "https://www.theguardian.com/music/live/2023/feb/05/grammys-2023-harry-styles-bad-bunny-beyonce-adele-taylor-swift",
696
+ "6": "https://www.nme.com/news/music/grammys-nominations-2023-beyonce-kendrick-lamar-adele-and-harry-styles-score-the-most-nods-3349585",
697
+ "7": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/beyonce-ties-jay-z-nominated-artists-grammy-awards-history-rcna57334",
698
+ "8": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/15/entertainment/bad-bunny-album-grammy-nomination/index.html",
699
+ "9": "https://apnews.com/article/2023-grammys-show-0a4bad7a27caf90868621973a504f40d",
700
+ "10": "https://pitchfork.com/news/viola-davis-achieves-egot-with-best-audiobook-win-at-2023-grammys/",
701
+ "11": "https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-grammys-new-categories-songwriter-year-best-video-game-soundtrack-social-impact-special-merit-award-65th-grammy-awards",
702
+ "12": "https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-grammys-award-premiere-ceremony-performers-presenters-carlos-vives-samara-joy-madison-cunningham-arooj-aftab",
703
+ "13": "https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-grammys-performers-first-wave-announced-performances",
704
+ "14": "https://www.grammy.com/news/harry-styles-performance--2023-grammys-announcement",
705
+ "15": "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/music-news/grammys-2023-in-memoriam-migos-takeoff-loretta-lynn-1235315435/",
706
+ "16": "https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/2023-grammys-hip-hop-celebration/",
707
+ "17": "https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/music/2023/02/05/grammy-awards-2023-live-updates/11170771002/",
708
+ "18": "https://pitchfork.com/live/grammys-2023-live-updates/?id=63e076a28239cbf4436a5f77",
709
+ "19": "https://www.grammy.com/news/2023-grammy-nominations-complete-winners-nominees-list",
710
+ "20": "https://pitchfork.com/live/grammys-2023-live-updates/?id=63e07dacad6f7fe56e183fdb",
711
+ "21": "https://pitchfork.com/news/kacey-musgraves-and-migos-quavo-lead-2023-grammys-in-memoriam-tribute/",
712
+ "22": "https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/takeoff-christine-mcvie-loretta-lynn-2023-grammys-tribute-watch-1234669210/"
713
+ },
714
+ "spicy_entities": {
715
+ "65th_annual_grammy_awards": "CARDINAL",
716
+ "65th": "ORDINAL",
717
+ "annual grammy awards": "EVENT",
718
+ "the crypto.com arena": "FAC",
719
+ "los angeles": "GPE",
720
+ "february 5, 2023": "DATE",
721
+ "the eligibility year": "DATE",
722
+ "october 1, 2021 to september 30, 2022": "DATE",
723
+ "national academy of recording arts and sciences": "ORG",
724
+ "november 15, 2022": "DATE",
725
+ "south african": "NORP",
726
+ "trevor noah": "PERSON",
727
+ "63rd": "ORDINAL",
728
+ "64th": "ORDINAL",
729
+ "nine": "CARDINAL",
730
+ "maverick city music": "FAC",
731
+ "four": "CARDINAL",
732
+ "kendrick lamar": "PERSON",
733
+ "eight": "CARDINAL",
734
+ "three": "CARDINAL",
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+ "adele": "PERSON",
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+ "brandi carlile": "ORG",
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+ "88": "CARDINAL",
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+ "beyonc\u00e9": "NORP",
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+ "jay-z": "PERSON",
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+ "grammy": "PERSON",
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+ "bad bunny's": "PERSON",
743
+ "un verano": "FAC",
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+ "first": "ORDINAL",
746
+ "spanish": "LANGUAGE",
747
+ "album": "GPE",
748
+ "the best dance/electronic album": "ORG",
749
+ "hungarian": "NORP",
750
+ "british": "NORP",
751
+ "georg solti": "PERSON",
752
+ "32": "CARDINAL",
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+ "harry styles": "PERSON",
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+ "harry": "PERSON",
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+ "house": "ORG",
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+ "george michael": "PERSON",
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+ "1989": "DATE",
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+ "lizzo won record": "PERSON",
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+ "about damn time": "WORK_OF_ART",
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+ "whitney houston": "PERSON",
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+ "1994": "DATE",
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+ "bonnie raitt": "PERSON",
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+ "just like that": "WORK_OF_ART",
764
+ "amy winehouse": "PERSON",
765
+ "2008": "DATE",
766
+ "narration & storytelling recording": "ORG",
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+ "davis": "PERSON",
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+ "18th": "ORDINAL",
769
+ "oscar": "PERSON",
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+ "tony": "PERSON",
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+ "2023": "DATE",
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+ "january 29, 2023": "DATE",
773
+ "january 25, 2023": "DATE",
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+ "a few days later": "DATE",
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+ "memoriam": "NORP",
776
+ "february 1,": "DATE",
777
+ "the 50 years of": "DATE",
778
+ "hip hop": "GPE",
779
+ "february 3": "DATE",
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+ "annual": "DATE",
781
+ "grammy awards": "EVENT",
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+ "the year": "DATE",
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+ "duo/group performance": "ORG",
784
+ "best traditional pop vocal album": "ORG",
785
+ "dance/electronic": "ORG",
786
+ "best traditional r&b performance": "ORG",
787
+ "best rap song": "PERSON",
788
+ "best country duo/group performance": "ORG",
789
+ "best country song": "PERSON",
790
+ "best jazz vocal album": "PERSON",
791
+ "best jazz instrumental album": "PERSON",
792
+ "best large jazz ensemble album": "ORG",
793
+ "latin": "NORP",
794
+ "gospel": "PERSON",
795
+ "christian": "NORP",
796
+ "best contemporary christian music performance/song": "ORG",
797
+ "best gospel album": "PERSON",
798
+ "best roots gospel album": "PERSON",
799
+ "m\u00fasica": "GPE",
800
+ "urbana album": "PERSON",
801
+ "latin rock": "LOC",
802
+ "best regional mexican music album (including tejano": "ORG",
803
+ "american": "NORP",
804
+ "best american roots performance": "WORK_OF_ART",
805
+ "best bluegrass album": "PERSON",
806
+ "best traditional blues album": "PERSON",
807
+ "best regional roots music album": "ORG",
808
+ "reggae": "ORG",
809
+ "best reggae album": "ORG",
810
+ "global music album": "ORG",
811
+ "spoken": "PERSON",
812
+ "best comedy album": "WORK_OF_ART",
813
+ "best musical theater album": "WORK_OF_ART",
814
+ "best song written": "PERSON",
815
+ "package": "WORK_OF_ART",
816
+ "best recording package": "WORK_OF_ART",
817
+ "non-classical": "ORG",
818
+ "best remixed recording": "PERSON",
819
+ "classical": "ORG",
820
+ "non-classicalperformers": "ORG",
821
+ "best opera recording": "ORG",
822
+ "contemporary classical composition": "ORG",
823
+ "best music video": "WORK_OF_ART",
824
+ "best music film": "ORG",
825
+ "two": "CARDINAL",
826
+ "the last year": "DATE"
827
+ },
828
+ "flair_entities": [
829
+ "los angeles",
830
+ "trevor noah",
831
+ "best m\u00fasica urbana album",
832
+ "whitney houston",
833
+ "georg solti",
834
+ "american",
835
+ "reggae best reggae album",
836
+ "harry's house",
837
+ "about damn time",
838
+ "brandi carlile",
839
+ "christian best gospel performance",
840
+ "viola davis",
841
+ "south african",
842
+ "just like that",
843
+ "record of the year",
844
+ "american roots song",
845
+ "hungarian-british",
846
+ "george michael",
847
+ "classical",
848
+ "best regional mexican music album",
849
+ "in memoriam",
850
+ "tony awards",
851
+ "oscar",
852
+ "song of the year",
853
+ "65th annual grammy awards",
854
+ "album of the year.with",
855
+ "bonnie raitt",
856
+ "maverick city music",
857
+ "grammy awards",
858
+ "national academy of recording arts and sciences",
859
+ "jay-z",
860
+ "album of the year",
861
+ "a cappella",
862
+ "beyonc\u00e9",
863
+ "harry styles",
864
+ "emmy, grammy",
865
+ "grammy",
866
+ "kendrick lamar",
867
+ "lizzo",
868
+ "crypto.com arena",
869
+ "adele",
870
+ "bad bunny's un verano sin ti",
871
+ "amy winehouse",
872
+ "latin best latin pop album",
873
+ "british",
874
+ "spanish-language"
875
+ ]
876
+ }
json/African_Greeks.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1132 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "African_Greeks",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Greeks",
4
+ "summary": "African Greeks are ethnic Greek people in Africa. Greek communities have existed in Africa since antiquity.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Ancient Egypt",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "Greeks have been present in Egypt since at least the 7th century BC",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "Herodotus visited ancient Egypt in the 5th century BC and claimed that the Greeks were one of the first groups of foreigners that ever lived there",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "Diodorus Siculus claimed that Rhodian Actis, one of the Heliadae, built the city of Heliopolis before the cataclysm; likewise the Athenians built Sais",
19
+ "refs": [
20
+ "http://web.ana-mpa.gr/afieromata/omogeneia/africa/part_a.html"
21
+ ]
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "sentence": "Siculus reports that all the Greek cities were destroyed during the cataclysm, but the Egyptian cities including Heliopolis and Sais survived",
25
+ "refs": []
26
+ }
27
+ ],
28
+ "subsections": [
29
+ {
30
+ "section_title": "First historical colonies",
31
+ "section_content": [
32
+ {
33
+ "sentence": "According to Herodotus (ii",
34
+ "refs": []
35
+ },
36
+ {
37
+ "sentence": "154), King Psammetichus I (664\u2013610 BC) established a garrison of foreign mercenaries at Daphnae, mostly Carians and Ionian Greeks.",
38
+ "refs": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "sentence": "In 7th century BC, after the Greek Dark Ages from 1100 to 750 BC, the city of Naucratis was founded in Ancient Egypt",
42
+ "refs": []
43
+ },
44
+ {
45
+ "sentence": "It was located on the Canopic branch of the Nile river, 45\u00a0mi (72\u00a0km) from the open sea",
46
+ "refs": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "sentence": "It was the first and, for much of its early history, the only permanent Greek colony in Egypt; acting as a symbiotic nexus for the interchange of Greek and Egyptian art and culture.",
50
+ "refs": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "sentence": "At about the same time, the city of Heracleion, the closest to the sea, became an important port for Greek trade",
54
+ "refs": []
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "sentence": "It had a famous temple of Heracles",
58
+ "refs": []
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "sentence": "The city later sank into the sea, only to be rediscovered recently.",
62
+ "refs": []
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "sentence": "From the time of Psammetichus I onwards, Greek mercenary armies played an important role in some of the Egyptian wars",
66
+ "refs": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "sentence": "One such army was led by Mentor of Rhodes",
70
+ "refs": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "sentence": "Another such personage was Phanes of Halicarnassus.",
74
+ "refs": []
75
+ }
76
+ ],
77
+ "subsections": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "section_title": "Hellenistic times",
81
+ "section_content": [],
82
+ "subsections": [
83
+ {
84
+ "section_title": "Rule of Alexander the Great (332\u2013323 BC)",
85
+ "section_content": [
86
+ {
87
+ "sentence": "Alexander the Great conquered Egypt at an early stage of his conquests",
88
+ "refs": []
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "sentence": "He respected the pharaonic religions and customs and he was proclaimed Pharaoh of Egypt",
92
+ "refs": []
93
+ },
94
+ {
95
+ "sentence": "He established the city of Alexandria",
96
+ "refs": []
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "After his death, in 323 BC, his empire was divided among his generals",
100
+ "refs": []
101
+ },
102
+ {
103
+ "sentence": "Egypt was given to Ptolemy I Soter, whose descendants would give Egypt her final royal dynasty \u2013 a glittering one",
104
+ "refs": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "sentence": "The dynasty was composed solely by ethnic Greeks and produced dynasts such as the famous Cleopatra",
108
+ "refs": []
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "sentence": "Its capital was Alexandria",
112
+ "refs": []
113
+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "sentence": "Ptolemy added legitimacy to his rule in Egypt by acquiring Alexander's body",
116
+ "refs": []
117
+ },
118
+ {
119
+ "sentence": "He intercepted the embalmed corpse on its way to burial, brought it to Egypt, and placed it in a golden coffin in Alexandria",
120
+ "refs": []
121
+ },
122
+ {
123
+ "sentence": "It would remain one of the famous sights of the town for many years, until probably destroyed in riots in the 3rd century AD",
124
+ "refs": []
125
+ }
126
+ ],
127
+ "subsections": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "section_title": "The Ptolemaic Empire (323\u201330 BC)",
131
+ "section_content": [
132
+ {
133
+ "sentence": "The initial objective of Ptolemy's reign was to establish firm and broad boundaries to his newly acquired kingdom",
134
+ "refs": []
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "sentence": "That led to almost continuous warfare against other leading members of Alexander's circle",
138
+ "refs": []
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "At times he held Cyprus and even parts of mainland Greece",
142
+ "refs": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "sentence": "When these conflicts were over, he was firmly in control of Egypt and had strong claims (disputed by the Seleucid dynasty) to Palestine",
146
+ "refs": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "sentence": "He called himself king of Egypt from 306 BC",
150
+ "refs": []
151
+ },
152
+ {
153
+ "sentence": "By the time he abdicated in 285 BC, in favour of one of his sons, the Ptolemaic dynasty was secure",
154
+ "refs": []
155
+ },
156
+ {
157
+ "sentence": "Ptolemy and his descendants showed respect to Egypt's most cherished traditions \u2013 those of religion \u2013 and turned them to their own advantage.",
158
+ "refs": []
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "Alexandria became the centre of the Greek and Hellenistic world and the centre of international commerce, art and science",
162
+ "refs": []
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "sentence": "The Lighthouse of Alexandria was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World while during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, the Library of Alexandria was the biggest library in the world until it was destroyed",
166
+ "refs": []
167
+ },
168
+ {
169
+ "sentence": "The last Pharaoh was a Greek princess, Cleopatra VII, who took her own life in 30 BC, a year after the battle of Actium",
170
+ "refs": []
171
+ }
172
+ ],
173
+ "subsections": []
174
+ }
175
+ ]
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "section_title": "Roman and Byzantine Egypt",
179
+ "section_content": [
180
+ {
181
+ "sentence": "Under Greco-Roman rule, Egypt hosted several Greek settlements, mostly concentrated in Alexandria, but also in a few other cities, where Greek settlers lived alongside some seven to ten million native Egyptians",
182
+ "refs": []
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "sentence": "Faiyum's earliest Greek inhabitants were soldier-veterans and cleruchs (elite military officials) who were settled by the Ptolemaic kings on reclaimed lands",
186
+ "refs": [
187
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
188
+ ]
189
+ },
190
+ {
191
+ "sentence": "Native Egyptians also came to settle in Faiyum from all over the country, notably the Nile Delta, Upper Egypt, Oxyrhynchus and Memphis, to undertake the labor involved in the land reclamation process, as attested by personal names, local cults and recovered papyri",
192
+ "refs": [
193
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
194
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
195
+ ]
196
+ }
197
+ ],
198
+ "subsections": [
199
+ {
200
+ "section_title": "Coptic Greeks",
201
+ "section_content": [
202
+ {
203
+ "sentence": "It is estimated that as much as 30 percent of the population of Faiyum was Greek during the Ptolemaic period, with the rest being native Egyptians; the Faiyum mummy portraits reflect the complex synthesis of the predominant Egyptian culture and that of the elite Egyptian Greek minority in Faiyum",
204
+ "refs": [
205
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
206
+ ]
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "By the Roman period, much of the \"Greek\" population of Faiyum was made up of either Hellenized Egyptians or people of mixed Egyptian-Greek origins, and by the time of Roman emperor Caracalla in the 2nd century AD, ethnic Egyptians could be distinguished from Egyptian Greeks only by their speech",
210
+ "refs": [
211
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
212
+ ]
213
+ },
214
+ {
215
+ "sentence": "Egyptian Greek is the variety of Greek spoken in Egypt from antiquity until the Islamic conquest of Egypt in the 7th century",
216
+ "refs": []
217
+ },
218
+ {
219
+ "sentence": "Egyptian Greek adopted many loanwords from Egyptian language; there was a great deal of intracommunity bilingualism in Egypt",
220
+ "refs": []
221
+ },
222
+ {
223
+ "sentence": "The following is an example of Egyptian Greek language, used in the Coptic Church:",
224
+ "refs": []
225
+ },
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "According to Walker, early Ptolemaic Greek colonists married local women and adopted Egyptian religious beliefs, and by Roman times, their descendants were viewed as Egyptians by the Roman rulers, despite their own self-perception of being Greek",
228
+ "refs": []
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "sentence": "The dental morphology of the Roman-period Faiyum mummies was also compared with that of earlier Egyptian populations, and was found to be \"much more closely akin\" to that of ancient Egyptians than to Greeks or other European populations",
232
+ "refs": [
233
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
234
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
235
+ ]
236
+ },
237
+ {
238
+ "sentence": "Victor J",
239
+ "refs": [
240
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
241
+ ]
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "Katz notes that \"research in papyri dating from the early centuries of the common era demonstrates that a significant amount of intermarriage took place between the Greek and Egyptian communities\"",
245
+ "refs": []
246
+ }
247
+ ],
248
+ "subsections": []
249
+ }
250
+ ]
251
+ }
252
+ ]
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "section_title": "Ancient Ethiopia",
256
+ "section_content": [
257
+ {
258
+ "sentence": "The name Ethiopia itself is Greek and means \"of burned face\"",
259
+ "refs": []
260
+ },
261
+ {
262
+ "sentence": "It is first attested in the Homeric epics but it is unlikely to have referred to any particular nation, but rather, to people of African descent in general",
263
+ "refs": [
264
+ "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%232329"
265
+ ]
266
+ },
267
+ {
268
+ "sentence": "Beginning in the Hellenistic age around the third century BC, Greek culture permeated the regions of ancient Ethiopia",
269
+ "refs": []
270
+ },
271
+ {
272
+ "sentence": "Greeks established colonies in Ethiopia, with Ptolemais Theron and Axum becoming major capitals of Ethiopian Greek culture",
273
+ "refs": []
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "sentence": "In the second century BC, Ptolemy III Euergetes annexed several northern Ethiopian cities such as Tigray and the port of Adulis, which became major trading hubs for Ethiopian Greeks",
277
+ "refs": []
278
+ }
279
+ ],
280
+ "subsections": [
281
+ {
282
+ "section_title": "Axumites of Ethiopia",
283
+ "section_content": [
284
+ {
285
+ "sentence": "After the Romans annexed the Ptolemaic Empire, the Axumite king Zoskales (Ancient Greek: \u0396\u03c9\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2) established the Axumite Empire (Ancient Greek: \u1f08\u03be\u03c9\u03bc\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2) (c",
286
+ "refs": []
287
+ },
288
+ {
289
+ "sentence": "100 AD\u2013c",
290
+ "refs": []
291
+ },
292
+ {
293
+ "sentence": "960 AD), which maintained Ethiopian Greek culture and used Greek as its lingua franca",
294
+ "refs": []
295
+ },
296
+ {
297
+ "sentence": "In the city of Axum, many obelisks, statues, and architecture made in Egyptian Greek style still mark the landscape",
298
+ "refs": []
299
+ },
300
+ {
301
+ "sentence": "As the Islamic conquest of North Africa severed Axum's link with the Greek world in the 7th century, Greek culture and knowledge waned; Muslim presence in the Red Sea also caused Axum to suffer economically and it declined in power",
302
+ "refs": []
303
+ },
304
+ {
305
+ "sentence": "Axum's final three centuries are considered a dark age, in which Ethiopian Greek culture disappeared; the Axumite Empire finally collapsed around 960 AD",
306
+ "refs": []
307
+ },
308
+ {
309
+ "sentence": "Despite its position as one of the foremost empires of late antiquity, Axum fell into obscurity as Ethiopia remained isolated throughout the Middle Ages",
310
+ "refs": [
311
+ "ISBN: 978-90-04-41958-2"
312
+ ]
313
+ }
314
+ ],
315
+ "subsections": []
316
+ },
317
+ {
318
+ "section_title": "Abyssinian Greeks",
319
+ "section_content": [
320
+ {
321
+ "sentence": "Later Abyssinian Greeks were attested in the 1700s, largely descending from Greek craftsmen and sailors residing in Abyssinia, who facilitated commerce between Abyssinia and Europe",
322
+ "refs": []
323
+ },
324
+ {
325
+ "sentence": "The explorer James Bruce reported that a number of Greek refugees from Smyrna had also arrived in Gondar during the reign of Emperor Iyasu II",
326
+ "refs": [
327
+ "https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8152015",
328
+ "ISBN: 90-04-07680-8"
329
+ ]
330
+ },
331
+ {
332
+ "sentence": "The Smyrniot refugees included twelve silversmiths, whom the emperor put to work producing a variety of items for both his court and the churches of Gondar",
333
+ "refs": []
334
+ },
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "Abyssinian Greeks held many of the highest positions in the Abyssinian Empire; the principal Abyssinian Greek community stayed with the Abyssinian Emperor in the capital, Gondar",
337
+ "refs": []
338
+ },
339
+ {
340
+ "sentence": "Emperor Theodore II specifically made known that he favored the Abyssinian Greeks, because of their virility and integrity of character",
341
+ "refs": [
342
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
343
+ ]
344
+ }
345
+ ],
346
+ "subsections": []
347
+ }
348
+ ]
349
+ },
350
+ {
351
+ "section_title": "Ancient Libya",
352
+ "section_content": [],
353
+ "subsections": [
354
+ {
355
+ "section_title": "Libyan Greeks of Cyrenaica",
356
+ "section_content": [
357
+ {
358
+ "sentence": "Cyrenaica was colonized by Greeks beginning in the 7th century BC",
359
+ "refs": []
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "sentence": "The first and most important colony was that of Cyrene, established in about 631 BC by colonists from the Greek island of Thera, which they had abandoned because of a severe famine",
363
+ "refs": []
364
+ },
365
+ {
366
+ "sentence": "Their commander, Aristoteles, took the Libyan name Battos",
367
+ "refs": [
368
+ "https://books.google.com/books?id=2aOpeBnbxvsC&pg=PA194"
369
+ ]
370
+ },
371
+ {
372
+ "sentence": "His descendants, known as the Battiad dynasty, persisted in spite of severe conflict with Greeks in neighboring cities.",
373
+ "refs": [
374
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
375
+ ]
376
+ },
377
+ {
378
+ "sentence": "The eastern portion of the province, with no major population centers, was called Marmarica; the more important western portion was known as the Pentapolis, as it comprised five cities: Cyrene (near the modern village of Shahat) with its port of Apollonia (Marsa Susa), Arsinoe or Taucheira (Tocra), Euesperides or Berenice (near modern Benghazi), Balagrae (Bayda) and Barce (Marj)\u00a0\u2013 of which the chief was the eponymous Cyrene",
379
+ "refs": []
380
+ },
381
+ {
382
+ "sentence": "The term \"Pentapolis\" continued to be used as a synonym for Cyrenaica",
383
+ "refs": [
384
+ "https://books.google.com/books?id=2aOpeBnbxvsC&pg=PA194"
385
+ ]
386
+ },
387
+ {
388
+ "sentence": "In the south, the Pentapolis faded into the Saharan tribal areas, including the pharaonic oracle of Ammonium.",
389
+ "refs": []
390
+ },
391
+ {
392
+ "sentence": "The region produced barley, wheat, olive oil, wine, figs, apples, wool, sheep, cattle and silphium, a herb that grew only in Cyrenaica and was regarded as a medicinal cure and aphrodisiac",
393
+ "refs": []
394
+ },
395
+ {
396
+ "sentence": "Cyrene became one of the greatest intellectual and artistic centers of the Greek world, famous for its medical school, learned academies and architecture, which included some of the finest examples of the Hellenistic style",
397
+ "refs": [
398
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
399
+ ]
400
+ },
401
+ {
402
+ "sentence": "The Cyrenaics, a school of thinkers who expounded a doctrine of moral cheerfulness that defined happiness as the sum of human pleasures, were founded by Aristippus of Cyrene",
403
+ "refs": []
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "sentence": "Other notable natives of Cyrene were the poet Callimachus and the mathematicians Theodorus and Eratosthenes",
407
+ "refs": [
408
+ "http://workmall.com/wfb2001/libya/libya_history_cyrenaica_and_the_greeks.html"
409
+ ]
410
+ }
411
+ ],
412
+ "subsections": []
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "section_title": "Libyan Greek culture",
416
+ "section_content": [
417
+ {
418
+ "sentence": "The most influential of the Libyan Greeks were the Cyreneans",
419
+ "refs": []
420
+ },
421
+ {
422
+ "sentence": "The Cyreneans invited Greek colonists from all over the Greek world to settle in Cyrene",
423
+ "refs": []
424
+ },
425
+ {
426
+ "sentence": "The Cyrenean government was originally an absolute monarchy, but under Demonax, it became a constitutional monarchy with a senate",
427
+ "refs": []
428
+ },
429
+ {
430
+ "sentence": "Demonax divided the Cyreneans into three groups to elect senators: first, the original Theran colonists and ethnic Libyans, second, Peloponnesians and Cretans, and third, Aegean islanders",
431
+ "refs": []
432
+ },
433
+ {
434
+ "sentence": "Under the Cyrenean constitution, the king only had the authority to grant land to citizens, and held the role of chief priest, in charge of religious duties",
435
+ "refs": []
436
+ },
437
+ {
438
+ "sentence": "Libyan Greek religion was directly influenced by Ancient Egyptian religion",
439
+ "refs": []
440
+ },
441
+ {
442
+ "sentence": "The Cyreneans assimilated the Egyptian god Amun with Zeus as \"Ammon\", embodying Zeus in his style and Amun in his nature, attributing the horns of a ram to his image",
443
+ "refs": []
444
+ },
445
+ {
446
+ "sentence": "Ammon had a wife, Ammonia, and a son, Parammon (Thoth-Hermes), considered Ammon's hypostasis (incarnation)",
447
+ "refs": []
448
+ },
449
+ {
450
+ "sentence": "Parammon was also the secretary of Osiris, one of the sons of Ammon",
451
+ "refs": []
452
+ }
453
+ ],
454
+ "subsections": []
455
+ }
456
+ ]
457
+ },
458
+ {
459
+ "section_title": "Ancient Nubia",
460
+ "section_content": [
461
+ {
462
+ "sentence": "Intercultural exchange between the Hellenic and Nubian civilizations started at least two and a half millennia ago",
463
+ "refs": []
464
+ },
465
+ {
466
+ "sentence": "The Greek presence in the Nile Valley and its considerable impact on ancient Nubia have long been recognized by scholars",
467
+ "refs": []
468
+ },
469
+ {
470
+ "sentence": "The first recorded contact took place in 593 BC: graffiti at Abu Simbel reveal that large numbers of Greek mercenaries served under Psamtik II in his invasion of what is now Sudan",
471
+ "refs": [
472
+ "ISBN: 978-0-8108-6180-0"
473
+ ]
474
+ },
475
+ {
476
+ "sentence": "Vice versa, ancient Nubia also had an influence on Greek culture from those early times onwards, as it was well known by scholars throughout the Hellenic world, where several of the classical writers mentioned it",
477
+ "refs": []
478
+ },
479
+ {
480
+ "sentence": "It evidently inspired curiosity about the exotic lands South of Egypt and particularly about the sources of the Nile river",
481
+ "refs": []
482
+ },
483
+ {
484
+ "sentence": "Hence, the pioneering historian Herodotus (circa 484 \u2013 circa 425 BC) made references to Nubia as a land of \"burned faces\" (Ethiopians) and the source of the Nile",
485
+ "refs": []
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "sentence": "Though he is assumed to have been personally familiar with the river only as far as Aswan, he did identify a \"city of Ethiopians\" at Mero\u00eb, apparently from reports by Psamtik II and Cambyses II",
489
+ "refs": [
490
+ "ISBN: 978-0-7146-1037-5"
491
+ ]
492
+ },
493
+ {
494
+ "sentence": "A new era of Greek-Nubian relations began in 332 BC, when Alexander the Great conquered Egypt and soon dispatched reconnaissance expeditions into Nubia, possibly to find the sources of the Nile",
495
+ "refs": []
496
+ },
497
+ {
498
+ "sentence": "Scholars assume that the potential Ptolemaic threat contributed to the decision by the Kushitic king Nastasen to move the capital from Napata to Mero\u00eb",
499
+ "refs": []
500
+ },
501
+ {
502
+ "sentence": "Greek language and culture were introduced to the Kushitic ruling classes, which may have triggered the creation of an alphabetic Meroitic writing",
503
+ "refs": []
504
+ },
505
+ {
506
+ "sentence": "Hellenic influences are also evident from changes in art styles",
507
+ "refs": []
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "sentence": "Nubian contact with the Greek world remained sporadic until Ptolemy II's Nubian campaign for Mero\u00eb in the 270s BC",
511
+ "refs": []
512
+ },
513
+ {
514
+ "sentence": "Ptolemy's interest in Nubia was to secure a source of war elephants from Mero\u00eb, and to gain access to Meroitic gold mines",
515
+ "refs": []
516
+ },
517
+ {
518
+ "sentence": "At the same time, Ergamenes (Arkamani II), a king of one of the nine Nubian kingdoms, studied Greek language and customs at the Alexandrian court in the Ptolemaic Empire",
519
+ "refs": [
520
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
521
+ ]
522
+ },
523
+ {
524
+ "sentence": "Eratosthenes (circa 276\u2013194 BC), the Greek geographer and librarian at Alexandria, sketched \"with fair accuracy\" the course of the Nile as far south as what is now Khartoum, based on the accounts of various travellers",
525
+ "refs": []
526
+ },
527
+ {
528
+ "sentence": "Pliny listed a number of Greeks who had travelled to Mero\u00eb and sometimes beyond: Dalion, Aristocreon, Bion, Basilis, and Simonides the Younger, who apparently lived at Meroe for five years",
529
+ "refs": [
530
+ "ISBN: 978-0-7146-1037-5"
531
+ ]
532
+ },
533
+ {
534
+ "sentence": "Relations between Kush and Ptolemaic Egypt thereafter remained tense, but stable",
535
+ "refs": []
536
+ },
537
+ {
538
+ "sentence": "By the time of Ptolemy VIII (170-163 BC), Greek ships regularly sailed on the Red Sea and to Meroitic ports",
539
+ "refs": [
540
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
541
+ ]
542
+ },
543
+ {
544
+ "sentence": "The Nubian upper class traded with Greek merchants and adopted certain Hellenic styles of life",
545
+ "refs": [
546
+ "ISBN: 978-0-8108-4784-2"
547
+ ]
548
+ },
549
+ {
550
+ "sentence": "However, following the death of Cleopatra VII in 30 BC and an unsuccessful attempt by the Romans to conquer the kingdom, Greek influences withered in Nubia",
551
+ "refs": [
552
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
553
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
554
+ ]
555
+ },
556
+ {
557
+ "sentence": "The account of Strabo, the geographer and historian of Greek descent, in his Geographia is one of the last references to Nubia from that time",
558
+ "refs": [
559
+ "ISBN: 978-0-8108-4784-2"
560
+ ]
561
+ }
562
+ ],
563
+ "subsections": [
564
+ {
565
+ "section_title": "Axumite subjugation of Nubia",
566
+ "section_content": [
567
+ {
568
+ "sentence": "The Axumite Empire engaged in a series of invasions that culminated in the capture of the Nubian capital of Mero\u00eb in the middle of the 4th century AD, signaling the end of independent Nubian Pagan kingdoms",
569
+ "refs": []
570
+ },
571
+ {
572
+ "sentence": "The Axumites then converted the Nubians to Christianity, establishing the authority of the Coptic Church in the area, and founded new Nubian Christian kingdoms, such as Nobatia, Alodia, and Makuria",
573
+ "refs": []
574
+ },
575
+ {
576
+ "sentence": "Tribal nomads like the Beja, Afar, and Saho managed to remain autonomous due to their uncentralized nomadic nature",
577
+ "refs": []
578
+ },
579
+ {
580
+ "sentence": "These tribal peoples would sporadically inflict attacks and raids on Axumite communities",
581
+ "refs": []
582
+ },
583
+ {
584
+ "sentence": "The Beja nomads eventually Hellenized and integrated into the Nubian Greek society that had already been present in Lower Nubia for three centuries",
585
+ "refs": []
586
+ }
587
+ ],
588
+ "subsections": []
589
+ },
590
+ {
591
+ "section_title": "Nubian Greeks",
592
+ "section_content": [
593
+ {
594
+ "sentence": "Nubian Greek culture followed the pattern of Egyptian Greek and Byzantine Greek civilization, expressed in Nubian Greek art and Nubian Greek literature",
595
+ "refs": []
596
+ },
597
+ {
598
+ "sentence": "The earliest attestations of Nubian Greek literature come from the 5th century; the Nubian Greek language resembles Egyptian and Byzantine Greek; it served as a lingua franca throughout the Nubian Kingdoms, and had a creolized form for trade among the different peoples in Nubia",
599
+ "refs": []
600
+ },
601
+ {
602
+ "sentence": "Nubian Greek was unique in that it adopted many words from both Coptic Egyptian and Nubian; Nubian Greek's syntax also evolved to establish a fixed word order",
603
+ "refs": []
604
+ },
605
+ {
606
+ "sentence": "The following is an example of Nubian Greek language:",
607
+ "refs": []
608
+ },
609
+ {
610
+ "sentence": "A plethora of frescoes created between 800\u20131200\u00a0AD in Nubian cities such as Faras depicted religious life in the courts of the Nubian Kingdoms; they were made in Byzantine art style",
611
+ "refs": []
612
+ },
613
+ {
614
+ "sentence": "Nubian Greek titles and government styles in Nubian Kingdoms were based on Byzantine models; even with Islamic encroachments and influence into Nubian territory, the Nubian Greeks saw Constantinople as their spiritual home",
615
+ "refs": []
616
+ },
617
+ {
618
+ "sentence": "Nubian Greek culture disappeared after the Muslim conquest of Nubia around 1450\u00a0AD",
619
+ "refs": [
620
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
621
+ ]
622
+ }
623
+ ],
624
+ "subsections": []
625
+ }
626
+ ]
627
+ }
628
+ ],
629
+ "references": {
630
+ "1": "http://web.ana-mpa.gr/afieromata/omogeneia/africa/part_a.html",
631
+ "2": "https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_agd-eLVNRMMC",
632
+ "3": "http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=260&HistoryID=aa28",
633
+ "4": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
634
+ "5": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
635
+ "6": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
636
+ "7": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
637
+ "8": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
638
+ "9": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
639
+ "10": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
640
+ "11": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
641
+ "12": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
642
+ "13": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
643
+ "14": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
644
+ "15": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
645
+ "16": "ISBN: 0-321-01618-1",
646
+ "17": "https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%232329",
647
+ "18": "https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/8152015",
648
+ "19": "ISBN: 90-04-07680-8",
649
+ "20": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
650
+ "21": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
651
+ "22": "ISBN: 978-90-04-41958-2",
652
+ "23": "ISBN: 978-90-04-41958-2",
653
+ "24": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
654
+ "25": "ISBN: 978-1-58046-519-9",
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+ "ethiopian greeks",
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+ "beja",
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+ "native egyptians",
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+ "daphnae",
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+ "upper egypt",
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+ "african",
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+ "pentapolis",
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+ "nubian kingdoms",
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+ "diodorus siculus",
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+ "homeric",
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+ "islamic",
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+ "libyans",
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+ "naucratis",
1129
+ "kush",
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+ "ancient egypt"
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+ ]
1132
+ }
json/Archie_Battersbee_case.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Archie_Battersbee_case",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_Battersbee_case",
4
+ "summary": "Archie Battersbee, a British boy, was the subject of several court hearings between April and August 2022, regarding whether or not to withdraw his life support, after he was found unconscious and subsequently considered to have suffered brainstem death. The courts ruled in favour of Barts Health NHS Trust, and against his parents, and allowed his life support to be withdrawn.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Incident",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "On 7 April 2022, a 12-year-old boy, Archie Battersbee, from Southend, Essex, England, was found unconscious by his mother, Hollie Dance, with a dressing gown cord around his neck",
11
+ "refs": [
12
+ "https://news.sky.com/story/archie-battersbee-12-dies-after-life-support-is-turned-off-12633585"
13
+ ]
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "sentence": "Dance performed CPR, and called for an ambulance",
17
+ "refs": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "sentence": "The paramedics who attended found that Archie Battersbee had suffered a cardiac arrest and his Glasgow Coma Scale score was three, the lowest possible, indicating \"no eye-opening, verbal or motor response\"",
21
+ "refs": [
22
+ "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Archie-Batteresbee-judgment-2-1.pdf"
23
+ ]
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "sentence": "CPR was continued and he was taken to Southend University Hospital",
27
+ "refs": [
28
+ "https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2022-08-12/archie-battersbees-death-a-tragedy-inquest-hears"
29
+ ]
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "sentence": "On arrival at the hospital, he had no pulse, before regaining spontaneous circulation around 40 minutes after his mother had found him unconscious",
33
+ "refs": [
34
+ "https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2022-08-12/archie-battersbees-death-a-tragedy-inquest-hears"
35
+ ]
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "sentence": "It was believed that Battersbee sustained brain damage during this cardiac arrest, due to a lack of oxygen and blood supply to the brain, and for a sustained period",
39
+ "refs": [
40
+ "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Archie-Batteresbee-judgment-2-1.pdf"
41
+ ]
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "sentence": "He was transferred the next day to the Royal London Hospital",
45
+ "refs": [
46
+ "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Archie-Batteresbee-judgment-2-1.pdf"
47
+ ]
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "sentence": "Dance stated that she believed Battersbee was taking part in a dangerous TikTok phenomenon known as the \"blackout challenge\"",
51
+ "refs": []
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "sentence": "This claim of a link to TikTok was broadcast on ITV's This Morning, but ITV subsequently apologised, claiming there was no evidence that Battersbee viewed this particular challenge via TikTok and also noting that TikTok does act to remove dangerous content",
55
+ "refs": [
56
+ "https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2022-08-02/fight-for-archies-life-at-final-stage-says-mum",
57
+ "https://www.theweek.co.uk/news/uk-news/957625/archie-battersbee-the-laws-of-life-and-death",
58
+ "https://www.nationalworld.com/news/uk/archie-battersbee-appeal-online-blackout-challenge-3722480"
59
+ ]
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "sentence": "On 8 November 2022, during a pre-inquest hearing, the Essex's senior coroner Lincoln Brookes said there was no evidence that Battersbee had been taking part in an online challenge",
63
+ "refs": [
64
+ "https://www.essexlive.news/news/uk-world-news/itvs-morning-forced-apologise-after-7190720"
65
+ ]
66
+ }
67
+ ],
68
+ "subsections": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "section_title": "Legal cases",
72
+ "section_content": [
73
+ {
74
+ "sentence": "Battersbee's parents had refused permission for the hospital to perform brainstem testing",
75
+ "refs": []
76
+ },
77
+ {
78
+ "sentence": "On 26 April, the Barts Health NHS Trust made two applications to the High Court of Justice: one for a Specific Issue Order, under section 8 of the Children Act 1989, that it was lawful for Battersbee to undergo brainstem testing, in accordance with the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges\u2019 2008 Code of Practice for the Diagnosis and Confirmation of Death, to establish whether he was brainstem dead",
79
+ "refs": []
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "sentence": "The other application, should the first fail, was for the Court to consider whether it was in Battersbee's 'best interests' to continue receiving ventilation assistance",
83
+ "refs": []
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "sentence": "Both requests were opposed by the parents, who had the support of the Christian Legal Centre",
87
+ "refs": []
88
+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "sentence": "A further party introduced to proceedings was Battersbee himself, represented by a guardian appointed by the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS)",
91
+ "refs": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "sentence": "Subsequent appeals made by the family were heard by the Court of Appeal, and finally by the Supreme Court",
95
+ "refs": [
96
+ "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Archie-Batteresbee-judgment-2-1.pdf",
97
+ "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Archie-Batteresbee-judgment-2-1.pdf"
98
+ ]
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "sentence": "The NHS Trust argued that Battersbee's treatment should discontinue as he was considered 'brainstem dead', and thus had no hope of recovery",
102
+ "refs": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "sentence": "Battersbee's parents had argued that he \"needed more time to heal\", and that his own religious beliefs should be taken into account, his mother saying that \"it is for God to decide what should happen to Archie, including if, when and how he should die.\" Battersbee's family also requested the interventions of the United Nations' Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which appeared to have no jurisdiction over the case, as well as the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), which subsequently declined to hear the case",
106
+ "refs": [
107
+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-61829522"
108
+ ]
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "sentence": "The English courts, noting that the Children Act 1989 requires decisions at all stages of a case to be made with the child's welfare being of paramount importance, repeatedly ruled that Battersbee's treatment should end, and all appeals made by the family against the courts' rulings \u2013 with the exception of one legal point; that Battersbee was not already legally 'dead' \u2013 were denied",
112
+ "refs": [
113
+ "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/hollie-dance-and-paul-battersbee-v-barts-health-nhs-trust-and-another/"
114
+ ]
115
+ },
116
+ {
117
+ "sentence": "His life-supporting equipment, including mechanical ventilation, was finally withdrawn on 6 August 2022 and Battersbee was pronounced dead shortly afterwards at 12:15 BST",
118
+ "refs": [
119
+ "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Archie-Batteresbee-judgment-2-1.pdf"
120
+ ]
121
+ }
122
+ ],
123
+ "subsections": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "section_title": "Inquest",
127
+ "section_content": [
128
+ {
129
+ "sentence": "On 12 August 2022 at Essex Coroner's Court, the inquest was opened into Battersbee's death by Lincoln Brookes, the senior coroner for Essex",
130
+ "refs": []
131
+ },
132
+ {
133
+ "sentence": "It was confirmed that the cause of death was \"catastrophic hypoxic ischemic brain injury, secondary to strangulation\"",
134
+ "refs": []
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "sentence": "The court heard that Battersbee had sustained the brain injury whilst at home",
138
+ "refs": [
139
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-62517728"
140
+ ]
141
+ },
142
+ {
143
+ "sentence": "A full inquest was scheduled for 7 February 2023",
144
+ "refs": [
145
+ "https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2022-08-12/archie-battersbees-death-a-tragedy-inquest-hears"
146
+ ]
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "sentence": "On 8 November 2022 a pre-inquest review heard from the Brookes that there was \"no evidence\" that Battersbee was taking part in an online challenge at the time of his death",
150
+ "refs": [
151
+ "https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2022-08-12/archie-battersbees-death-a-tragedy-inquest-hears"
152
+ ]
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "sentence": "Police concurred with the coroner's statement that \"it's low mood we're looking at here, very low mood.\" The pre-inquest review confirmed that the full inquest would consider Battersbee's \"state of mind and his intentions\"",
156
+ "refs": [
157
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-63557850",
158
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/nov/08/no-evidence-archie-battersbee-engaged-in-online-blackout-game-coroner-says"
159
+ ]
160
+ },
161
+ {
162
+ "sentence": "On 8 February 2023 Brookes concluded that Battersbee \"had not intended to harm himself but had done inadvertently during a prank or experiment that went wrong\"",
163
+ "refs": [
164
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-63557850"
165
+ ]
166
+ }
167
+ ],
168
+ "subsections": []
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "section_title": "Timeline",
172
+ "section_content": [],
173
+ "subsections": [
174
+ {
175
+ "section_title": "April 2022",
176
+ "section_content": [],
177
+ "subsections": []
178
+ },
179
+ {
180
+ "section_title": "May 2022",
181
+ "section_content": [],
182
+ "subsections": []
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "section_title": "June 2022",
186
+ "section_content": [],
187
+ "subsections": []
188
+ },
189
+ {
190
+ "section_title": "July 2022",
191
+ "section_content": [],
192
+ "subsections": []
193
+ },
194
+ {
195
+ "section_title": "August 2022",
196
+ "section_content": [],
197
+ "subsections": []
198
+ },
199
+ {
200
+ "section_title": "September 2022",
201
+ "section_content": [],
202
+ "subsections": []
203
+ },
204
+ {
205
+ "section_title": "November 2022",
206
+ "section_content": [],
207
+ "subsections": []
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "section_title": "February 2023",
211
+ "section_content": [],
212
+ "subsections": []
213
+ }
214
+ ]
215
+ },
216
+ {
217
+ "section_title": "Summary of judgments",
218
+ "section_content": [],
219
+ "subsections": []
220
+ },
221
+ {
222
+ "section_title": "Third party involvement and media analysis",
223
+ "section_content": [],
224
+ "subsections": [
225
+ {
226
+ "section_title": "Christian Legal Centre",
227
+ "section_content": [
228
+ {
229
+ "sentence": "Lawyers from the Christian Legal Centre represented Battersbee's family in the case",
230
+ "refs": []
231
+ },
232
+ {
233
+ "sentence": "In some court hearings, the family was represented by CLC consultant Pavel Stroilov",
234
+ "refs": [
235
+ "https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/archie-battersbee-christian-legal-centre-preying-whitewash/",
236
+ "https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/04/26/anti-lgbt-alfie-evans-christian-legal-centre-christian-concern/"
237
+ ]
238
+ },
239
+ {
240
+ "sentence": "During his work on the Alfie Evans case, a judge described Stroilov as a \"fanatical and deluded young man\" whose \"malign hand\" was \"inconsistent with the real interests of the parents' case.\"",
241
+ "refs": [
242
+ "https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/archie-battersbee-christian-legal-centre-preying-whitewash/",
243
+ "https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/04/26/anti-lgbt-alfie-evans-christian-legal-centre-christian-concern/",
244
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/aug/01/archie-battersbee-another-tragedy-highlights-need-for-independent-mediation-in-cases-of-children"
245
+ ]
246
+ },
247
+ {
248
+ "sentence": "Neena Modi, professor of neonatal medicine at Imperial College London, raised concerns over exploitation with openDemocracy and said that the Christian Legal Centre \"preys upon [families like Archie's] when they are absolutely at their most vulnerable.\" Professor Modi added that:",
249
+ "refs": [
250
+ "https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/archie-battersbee-christian-legal-centre-preying-whitewash/"
251
+ ]
252
+ },
253
+ {
254
+ "sentence": "In August 2022, The Guardian ran analysis on how third parties can further complicate tragic life support cases in the context of the Archie Battersbee case",
255
+ "refs": []
256
+ },
257
+ {
258
+ "sentence": "Legal affairs correspondent, Haroon Siddique, noted that: \"recent years have brought increasing intervention by religious groups purporting to support parents but who have also been accused of inflaming tensions.\" Siddique's analysis concluded that \"The involvement of such third-party ideologues presents a significant obstacle to the laudable aim of resolving such sensitive cases in a less adversarial manner.\"",
259
+ "refs": [
260
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/aug/01/archie-battersbee-another-tragedy-highlights-need-for-independent-mediation-in-cases-of-children",
261
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/aug/01/archie-battersbee-another-tragedy-highlights-need-for-independent-mediation-in-cases-of-children"
262
+ ]
263
+ }
264
+ ],
265
+ "subsections": []
266
+ },
267
+ {
268
+ "section_title": "MP's letter for treatment abroad",
269
+ "section_content": [
270
+ {
271
+ "sentence": "During court proceedings, a judge was told that James Duddridge, MP for the family's constituency, had written on their behalf to the Royal London Hospital on August 3",
272
+ "refs": []
273
+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "sentence": "The letter lobbied for treatment abroad despite there being \"no detail as to what is actually sought and where.\" A consultant paediatric neurologist told the court (via a written statement) that they were unaware of any treatment that could reverse the condition of Battersbee's brain",
276
+ "refs": [
277
+ "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/barts-health-nhs-trust-v-holly-dance-and-others/",
278
+ "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/barts-health-nhs-trust-v-holly-dance-and-others/"
279
+ ]
280
+ },
281
+ {
282
+ "sentence": "Duddridge has not confirmed if he is the author of the letter",
283
+ "refs": []
284
+ },
285
+ {
286
+ "sentence": "Speaking via the Science Media Centre, Professor Dominic Wilkinson, Professor of Medical Ethics and Consultant Neonatologist, University of Oxford stated that \"there are no treatments in Japan or Italy or anywhere else that offer any prospect of helping Archie\" adding that:",
287
+ "refs": [
288
+ "https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-the-latest-in-the-archie-battersbee-case/"
289
+ ]
290
+ }
291
+ ],
292
+ "subsections": []
293
+ },
294
+ {
295
+ "section_title": "GoFundMe page",
296
+ "section_content": [
297
+ {
298
+ "sentence": "In June 2022, Conservative MP for Southend West Anna Firth asked her Twitter followers to donate to a GoFundMe page connected to the case in a tweet that read, \"The whole House is behind Archie and his family.\" Firth had also donated to the fundraiser",
299
+ "refs": [
300
+ "https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/archie-battersbee-christian-legal-centre-preying-whitewash/"
301
+ ]
302
+ },
303
+ {
304
+ "sentence": "The fundraiser was launched by a Southend resident, although an update on the page stated that administrative control was given to Archie's sister-in-law",
305
+ "refs": [
306
+ "https://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/20183785.archie-battersbee-visited-hospital-southend-mp-anna-firth/"
307
+ ]
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "The fundraiser made clear that funds would be used for anything needed by the family and did not rule out donations to third parties",
311
+ "refs": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "sentence": "On August 11, 2022, a statement from Christian Legal Centre's director, Andrea Minichiello Williams, stated that:",
315
+ "refs": []
316
+ }
317
+ ],
318
+ "subsections": []
319
+ }
320
+ ]
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "section_title": "Family campaigns",
324
+ "section_content": [
325
+ {
326
+ "sentence": "In August 2022, Hollie Dance called for unspecified legal changes and a public inquiry in the aftermath of her son's death",
327
+ "refs": []
328
+ },
329
+ {
330
+ "sentence": "Dance also sought a meeting with UK Health Secretary, Steve Barclay, to discuss the perceived implications of the case",
331
+ "refs": [
332
+ "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/archie-battersbee-mum-inquiry-law-b2148516.html"
333
+ ]
334
+ },
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "The content of her letter was released by Christian Concern",
337
+ "refs": []
338
+ }
339
+ ],
340
+ "subsections": []
341
+ },
342
+ {
343
+ "section_title": "See also",
344
+ "section_content": [],
345
+ "subsections": []
346
+ }
347
+ ],
348
+ "references": {
349
+ "1": "https://news.sky.com/story/archie-battersbee-12-dies-after-life-support-is-turned-off-12633585",
350
+ "2": "https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Archie-Batteresbee-judgment-2-1.pdf",
351
+ "3": "https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2022-08-12/archie-battersbees-death-a-tragedy-inquest-hears",
352
+ "4": "https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2022-08-02/fight-for-archies-life-at-final-stage-says-mum",
353
+ "5": "https://www.theweek.co.uk/news/uk-news/957625/archie-battersbee-the-laws-of-life-and-death",
354
+ "6": "https://www.nationalworld.com/news/uk/archie-battersbee-appeal-online-blackout-challenge-3722480",
355
+ "7": "https://www.essexlive.news/news/uk-world-news/itvs-morning-forced-apologise-after-7190720",
356
+ "8": "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-63557850",
357
+ "9": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62389726",
358
+ "10": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-61829522",
359
+ "11": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/hollie-dance-and-paul-battersbee-v-barts-health-nhs-trust-and-another/",
360
+ "12": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62346354",
361
+ "13": "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-62517728",
362
+ "14": "https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2022/nov/08/no-evidence-archie-battersbee-engaged-in-online-blackout-game-coroner-says",
363
+ "15": "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-63557850",
364
+ "16": "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-64568698",
365
+ "17": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62307648",
366
+ "18": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62323838",
367
+ "19": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62376552",
368
+ "20": "https://www.theguardian.com/law/2022/aug/02/archie-battersbee-parents-fail-to-stop-planned-withdrawal-of-life-support-treatment",
369
+ "21": "https://www.supremecourt.uk/news/dance-and-battersbee-v-barts-health-nhs-trust-permission-to-appeal-decision.html",
370
+ "22": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62403993",
371
+ "23": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62418257",
372
+ "24": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62444331",
373
+ "25": "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-62346354",
374
+ "26": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62455467",
375
+ "27": "https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-essex-62517728",
376
+ "28": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-essex-62889234",
377
+ "29": "https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/feb/08/archie-battersbee-death-accident-coroner",
378
+ "30": "http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Fam/2022/1165.html",
379
+ "31": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/barts-health-nhs-trust-v-dance-battersbee/",
380
+ "32": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/dance-battersbee-v-barts-health-nhs-trust-and-another/",
381
+ "33": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/barts-health-nhs-trust-v-battersbee/",
382
+ "34": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/hollie-dance-and-paul-battersbee-v-barts-health-nhs-trust-and-another-court-of-appeal-civil-division-judgment/",
383
+ "35": "http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/format.cgi?doc=/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2022/1106.html&query=(battersbee)",
384
+ "36": "https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/app/conversion/pdf/?library=ECHR&id=003-7401248-10125292&filename=Request%20for%20interim%20measures%20refused%20in%20case%20concerning%20the%20withdrawal%20of%20life%20sustaining%20treatment.pdf",
385
+ "37": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/barts-health-nhs-trust-v-holly-dance-and-others/",
386
+ "38": "https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/archie-battersbee-christian-legal-centre-preying-whitewash/",
387
+ "39": "https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/04/26/anti-lgbt-alfie-evans-christian-legal-centre-christian-concern/",
388
+ "40": "https://www.theguardian.com/society/2022/aug/01/archie-battersbee-another-tragedy-highlights-need-for-independent-mediation-in-cases-of-children",
389
+ "41": "https://www.judiciary.uk/judgments/barts-health-nhs-trust-v-holly-dance-and-others/",
390
+ "42": "https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-the-latest-in-the-archie-battersbee-case/",
391
+ "43": "https://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/20183785.archie-battersbee-visited-hospital-southend-mp-anna-firth/",
392
+ "44": "https://christianconcern.com/comment/top-12-myths-of-archie-battersbees-case/",
393
+ "45": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/archie-battersbee-mum-inquiry-law-b2148516.html",
394
+ "46": "https://metro.co.uk/2022/08/20/archie-battersbees-mum-hits-out-at-tiktok-challenge-17215752/"
395
+ },
396
+ "spicy_entities": {
397
+ "archie battersbee": "PRODUCT",
398
+ "british": "NORP",
399
+ "between april and august 2022": "DATE",
400
+ "barts health nhs trust": "ORG",
401
+ "7 april 2022": "DATE",
402
+ "12-year-old": "DATE",
403
+ "southend": "NORP",
404
+ "essex": "ORG",
405
+ "england": "GPE",
406
+ "hollie dance": "PERSON",
407
+ "cpr": "ORG",
408
+ "coma scale": "PERSON",
409
+ "three": "CARDINAL",
410
+ "southend university hospital": "ORG",
411
+ "around 40 minutes": "TIME",
412
+ "battersbee": "PERSON",
413
+ "the next day": "DATE",
414
+ "the royal london hospital": "ORG",
415
+ "tiktok": "ORG",
416
+ "itv": "ORG",
417
+ "this morning": "TIME",
418
+ "8 november 2022": "DATE",
419
+ "lincoln brookes": "PERSON",
420
+ "26 april": "DATE",
421
+ "the barts health nhs trust": "ORG",
422
+ "two": "CARDINAL",
423
+ "the high court of justice": "ORG",
424
+ "one": "CARDINAL",
425
+ "specific": "ORG",
426
+ "section 8 of the children act": "LAW",
427
+ "1989": "DATE",
428
+ "the academy of medical royal colleges": "ORG",
429
+ "first": "ORDINAL",
430
+ "court": "ORG",
431
+ "the christian legal centre": "ORG",
432
+ "the children and family court advisory and support service": "ORG",
433
+ "the court of appeal": "ORG",
434
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+ {
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+ "title": "Argentina_national_football_team",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina_national_football_team",
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+ "summary": "The Argentina national football team (Spanish: Selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de Argentina) represents Argentina in men's international football and is administered by the Argentine Football Association, the governing body for football in Argentina.\nNicknamed La Albiceleste ('The White and Sky Blue'), they are the reigning world champions, having won the most recent World Cup in 2022, earning their third star shown by the team's crest. Overall, Argentina has appeared in a World Cup final six times, a record equaled by Italy and surpassed only by Brazil and Germany. Argentina played in the first ever final in 1930, which they lost 4\u20132 to Uruguay. The following final appearance came 48 years later, in 1978, when the team captained by Daniel Passarella defeated the Netherlands 3\u20131 in extra time, becoming world champions for the first time. Captained by Diego Maradona, Argentina won their second World Cup eight years later, in 1986, with a 3\u20132 final victory over West Germany. They reached the final once more under the guidance of Maradona, in 1990, but were ultimately beaten 1\u20130 by West Germany. A few decades later, Argentina, led by Lionel Messi made their fifth final appearance in 2014, losing to Germany 1\u20130 after extra time. In 2022, again captained by Messi, they were crowned world champions for the third time, the fourth-most of any country, beating France 4\u20132 on penalties, following a 3\u20133 draw after extra time.\nThe team's World Cup\u2013winning managers are C\u00e9sar Luis Menotti in 1978, Carlos Bilardo in 1986 and Lionel Scaloni in 2022. Since the Golden Ball for the tournament's best player was officially awarded by FIFA in 1982, Argentina players have won it thrice: Maradona in 1986 and Messi in 2014 and 2022. Argentines Guillermo St\u00e1bile in 1930 and Mario Kempes in 1978 were the top-scoring players at their respective World Cups.\nArgentina has also been very successful in the Copa Am\u00e9rica, winning it 15 times, a record shared with Uruguay, most recently winning the 2021 edition. The team won the inaugural FIFA Confederations Cup in 1992. Argentina is the most successful team in the CONMEBOL\u2013UEFA Cup of Champions, having won it twice, in 1993 and 2022. Argentina is known for having rivalries with Brazil, Uruguay, England, Germany and the Netherlands. As of 2023, Argentina holds the record for most official titles won by a men's national team with 22. Individually for Argentina, Lionel Messi is the all-time most-capped player with 180 games and the highest goalscorer with 106 goals. As of October 2023 Argentina ranks 1st by FIFA.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "History",
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+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "The first ever match Argentina played was against Uruguay on 20 June 1902",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "[note 3] The game, which was the first international for both sides, was held in Montevideo, and Argentina won 6\u20130",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
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+ "sentence": "During the first years of its existence, Argentina only played friendly matches against other South American teams",
19
+ "refs": [
20
+ "https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/argurures.html",
21
+ "https://www.clarin.com/deportes/argentina-uruguay-clasico-partidos-internacionales-mundo_0_MRvzzcUG.html"
22
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The reasons for this varied, including long travel times between countries and the interruption due to World War I",
26
+ "refs": []
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+ },
28
+ {
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+ "sentence": "La Albiceleste has appeared in World Cup finals six times, including the first ever final on 30 July 1930, which they lost 4\u20132 to Uruguay",
30
+ "refs": []
31
+ },
32
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Argentina won their next final on 25 June 1978, beating the Netherlands 3\u20131",
34
+ "refs": []
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+ },
36
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Eight years later, in 1986, Argentina led by Diego Maradona won their second title with a 3\u20132 victory over West Germany",
38
+ "refs": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "sentence": "Under the guidance of Maradona, they reached the final again, in 1990, but ultimately lost 1\u20130 to West Germany, by a much-disputed penalty",
42
+ "refs": []
43
+ },
44
+ {
45
+ "sentence": "Led by Lionel Messi, Argentina reached the final in 2014, where they were beaten 1\u20130 by Germany in extra time",
46
+ "refs": []
47
+ },
48
+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 2022, again under the captaincy of Messi, Argentina won their third World Cup, beating France 4\u20132 on penalties, following a 3\u20133 draw after extra time",
50
+ "refs": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The team's World Cup\u2013winning managers are C\u00e9sar Luis Menotti in 1978, Carlos Bilardo in 1986 and Lionel Scaloni in 2022.",
54
+ "refs": [
55
+ "http://www.deportesenuruguay.eluruguayo.com/Futbol-Uruguayo01.htm"
56
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Argentina has also been very successful in the South American Football Championship, the Copa Am\u00e9rica, winning it 15 times, a record it shares with Uruguay; they were crowned champions most recently in 2021",
60
+ "refs": []
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+ },
62
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The team also won the inaugural FIFA Confederations Cup in 1992 and the CONMEBOL\u2013UEFA Cup of Champions in 1993 and 2022.",
64
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In March 2007, Argentina reached the top of the FIFA Men's World Ranking for the first time",
68
+ "refs": []
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+ }
70
+ ],
71
+ "subsections": []
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "section_title": "Home stadium",
75
+ "section_content": [
76
+ {
77
+ "sentence": "Argentina plays most of its home matches at River Plate's stadium, Estadio Monumental, in Buenos Aires, although the team also uses various other venues frequently, such as Estadio \u00danico Madre de Ciudades and Boca Juniors' stadium, La Bombonera",
78
+ "refs": [
79
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20150204014437/http://www.afa.org.ar/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7857%3Aseleccion-nacional-los-comienzos&catid=181%3Aseleccion-nacional&Itemid=226",
80
+ "https://www.espn.in/football/fifa-world-cup/story/4834108/classic-world-cup-final-crowns-messis-glorious-career",
81
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20070704195917/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/ranking/news/newsid=113242.html",
82
+ "https://tntsports.com.ar/seleccion/Sorpresa-La-Seleccion-Argentina-no-jugara-en-el-Monumental-ante-Venezuela-por-las-Eliminatorias-20220304-0020.html"
83
+ ]
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "sentence": "Those venues, along with Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes and Estadio San Juan del Bicentenario, were used for the 2022 World Cup qualification",
87
+ "refs": [
88
+ "https://tntsports.com.ar/seleccion/Sorpresa-La-Seleccion-Argentina-no-jugara-en-el-Monumental-ante-Venezuela-por-las-Eliminatorias-20220304-0020.html",
89
+ "https://www.afa.com.ar/es/posts/argentina-volvera-a-jugar-en-river"
90
+ ]
91
+ },
92
+ {
93
+ "sentence": "Additionally, Argentina played some matches at Rosario Central's stadium, Estadio Gigante de Arroyito, during their 2010 World Cup qualifying campaign",
94
+ "refs": [
95
+ "https://www.elcomercial.com.ar/12922-la-seleccion-argentina-y-messi-volveran-a-jugar-en-santiago-del-estero-por-las-eliminatorias"
96
+ ]
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "GEBA Stadium was the first stadium Argentina used for its home matches; that includes the Copa Newton match against Uruguay held on 13 September 1908, which has a historic significance for being the first time Argentina wore the light blue and white-striped jersey in an official game, which has since then been the defining uniform up to the present day",
100
+ "refs": [
101
+ "https://www.espn.com.ar/futbol/reporte?juegoId=230068"
102
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "GEBA was also used for the Copa Centenario Revoluci\u00f3n de Mayo, the first competition held between South American national teams, considered the predecessor of Copa Am\u00e9rica, organised by the Argentine Football Association (AFA) in 1910",
106
+ "refs": [
107
+ "https://www.marca.com/2009/09/06/futbol/mundial_2010/1252217822.html"
108
+ ]
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "sentence": "Most recently, Argentina played at GEBA on 19 October 1919, winning the Copa Premier Honor Argentino after a 6\u20131 victory over Uruguay",
112
+ "refs": []
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+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "sentence": "Furthermore, Estadio Sportivo Barracas is also considered a memorable venue for Argentina; the stadium was commonly used by Argentina from 1920 to 1932",
116
+ "refs": []
117
+ },
118
+ {
119
+ "sentence": "Playing at the stadium for La Albiceleste on 2 October 1924, forward Ces\u00e1reo Onzari scored directly from a corner kick, the first such incident in football, when Argentina beat Uruguay 2\u20131; such goals are now often referred as Olympic goals due to the fact that Uruguay had just won the 1924 Olympic title",
120
+ "refs": []
121
+ },
122
+ {
123
+ "sentence": "Sportivo Barracas was later demolished after 1936",
124
+ "refs": [
125
+ "https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/arg-intres.html",
126
+ "https://www.footballkitarchive.com/argentina-kits/",
127
+ "https://www.rsssf.org/tablesh/honorarg.html"
128
+ ]
129
+ }
130
+ ],
131
+ "subsections": []
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "section_title": "Team image",
135
+ "section_content": [],
136
+ "subsections": [
137
+ {
138
+ "section_title": "Kit",
139
+ "section_content": [
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "The first kit ever worn by Argentina, in their official debut against Uruguay in 1902, included a light blue shirt",
142
+ "refs": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "sentence": "On 2 July 1908, Argentina debuted a shirt with light blue vertical stripes on a white jersey, which they used when they played a side formed of Campeonato Paulista players at Vel\u00f3dromo Paulistano; they used the jersey in an official game against Uruguay on 13 September 1908, and the striped jersey has remained as the definitive kit for Argentina ever since then",
146
+ "refs": [
147
+ "http://www.clarin.com/deportes/fundador-gol-olimpico_0_1066093752.html",
148
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20091124113814/http://www.wsc.co.uk/content/view/2569/29",
149
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20170919185247/https://sportivobarracas.com.ar/article/estadio/17/"
150
+ ]
151
+ },
152
+ {
153
+ "sentence": "The team's away kits have been in dark blue shades, with the colours of shorts and socks varying from time to time",
154
+ "refs": [
155
+ "https://www.marca.com/2009/09/06/futbol/mundial_2010/1252217822.html"
156
+ ]
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "sentence": "Argentina has also sported other kits; on 3 June 1919 in Rio de Janeiro, playing against Brazil, Argentina wore a light blue kit, similar to that of Uruguay, out of respect for Roberto Chery, a substitute goalkeeper for Uruguay, who had collapsed and died during a match against Chile at the 1919 South American Championship; the game between Argentina and Brazil was organised by the Brazilian Football Confederation for the benefit of Chery's relatives",
160
+ "refs": [
161
+ "http://www.futbolnostalgia.com/amsud1.htm",
162
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
163
+ ]
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "sentence": "At the 1958 World Cup, Argentina wore the yellow jersey of Swedish club IFK Malm\u00f6 against West Germany, as the team had arrived in Sweden without an away kit.",
167
+ "refs": []
168
+ },
169
+ {
170
+ "sentence": "At the 1986 World Cup in Mexico, the then manager, Carlos Bilardo, asked the team's kit supplier, Le Coq Sportif, for lighter blue shirts for their quarter-final against England in three days, but they could not be provided",
171
+ "refs": []
172
+ },
173
+ {
174
+ "sentence": "Then, a member of the coaching staff scoured the shops of Mexico City for 38 plain shirts, which were transformed with an improvised version of the AFA emblem embroidered on the shirts and silvery American football numbers ironed to the backs",
175
+ "refs": [
176
+ "https://www.footballshirtculture.com/kit-design/argentina-kit-history-from-1902-to-2020.html"
177
+ ]
178
+ },
179
+ {
180
+ "sentence": "Sporting the makeshift jerseys, Argentina beat England on 22 June, with Diego Maradona scoring his famous \"Hand of God goal\"",
181
+ "refs": [
182
+ "http://gloriosomirasolfm.blogspot.com.ar/2007/10/el-3-de-junio-de-1919-la-seleccin-de.html"
183
+ ]
184
+ },
185
+ {
186
+ "sentence": "Afterwards, the shirt became a symbol of the occasion and an important collector's item",
187
+ "refs": [
188
+ "http://www.iffhs.de/?29dad5a85ad4a85b97291ad4e85fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeeda0a305",
189
+ "https://viejosestadios.blogspot.com/2017/02/el-escudo-de-la-argentina-en-las-copas.html"
190
+ ]
191
+ },
192
+ {
193
+ "sentence": "At the 2018 World Cup in Russia, Argentina debuted a black away kit; and at the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, they wore a purple away kit in a competitive game for the first time",
194
+ "refs": [
195
+ "https://www.bbc.com/mundo/deportes-36595420"
196
+ ]
197
+ }
198
+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "section_title": "Kit suppliers",
203
+ "section_content": [],
204
+ "subsections": []
205
+ },
206
+ {
207
+ "section_title": "Crest",
208
+ "section_content": [
209
+ {
210
+ "sentence": "Argentina has used the logo of the Argentine Football Association as its emblem since it was first worn at the 1958 World Cup in Sweden; the logo was added to the team's jackets, but not the shirts",
211
+ "refs": []
212
+ },
213
+ {
214
+ "sentence": "The emblem was not used on jerseys until 16 November 1976, when Argentina played the Soviet Union at Estadio Monumental",
215
+ "refs": [
216
+ "https://www.footballshirtculture.com/kit-design/argentina-kit-history-from-1902-to-2020.html"
217
+ ]
218
+ },
219
+ {
220
+ "sentence": "At the beginning, the crest used did not include a laurel wreath, which was first added for the 1982 World Cup",
221
+ "refs": [
222
+ "https://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/135253/deportes/camiseta-seleccion-argentina-segun-pasan-anos.html"
223
+ ]
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "As a respected and common practice, two stars were added above the crest in 2004, symbolising Argentina's World Cup titles in 1978 and 1986",
227
+ "refs": [
228
+ "http://www.emol.com/noticias/deportes/2001/11/06/70562/adidas-recupera-a-la-seleccion-argentina.html"
229
+ ]
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "sentence": "In 2022, a third star was added after Argentina were crowned world champions for the third time",
233
+ "refs": [
234
+ "https://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/135253/deportes/camiseta-seleccion-argentina-segun-pasan-anos.html"
235
+ ]
236
+ }
237
+ ],
238
+ "subsections": []
239
+ }
240
+ ]
241
+ },
242
+ {
243
+ "section_title": "Results and fixtures",
244
+ "section_content": [
245
+ {
246
+ "sentence": "The following is a list of match results in the last 12 months, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.",
247
+ "refs": []
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "sentence": "Win\u00a0\u00a0Draw\u00a0\u00a0Loss\u00a0\u00a0Fixture",
251
+ "refs": []
252
+ }
253
+ ],
254
+ "subsections": [
255
+ {
256
+ "section_title": "2022",
257
+ "section_content": [],
258
+ "subsections": []
259
+ },
260
+ {
261
+ "section_title": "2023",
262
+ "section_content": [],
263
+ "subsections": []
264
+ },
265
+ {
266
+ "section_title": "2024",
267
+ "section_content": [],
268
+ "subsections": []
269
+ }
270
+ ]
271
+ },
272
+ {
273
+ "section_title": "Coaching staff",
274
+ "section_content": [],
275
+ "subsections": [
276
+ {
277
+ "section_title": "Manager history",
278
+ "section_content": [],
279
+ "subsections": []
280
+ }
281
+ ]
282
+ },
283
+ {
284
+ "section_title": "Players",
285
+ "section_content": [],
286
+ "subsections": [
287
+ {
288
+ "section_title": "Current squad",
289
+ "section_content": [
290
+ {
291
+ "sentence": "The following 23 players were named in the squad for the 2026 FIFA World Cup qualification matches against Uruguay and Brazil on 16 and 21 November 2023, respectively",
292
+ "refs": []
293
+ },
294
+ {
295
+ "sentence": "Caps and goals are correct as of 22 November 2023, after the match against Brazil",
296
+ "refs": []
297
+ },
298
+ {
299
+ "sentence": "[citation needed]",
300
+ "refs": []
301
+ }
302
+ ],
303
+ "subsections": []
304
+ },
305
+ {
306
+ "section_title": "Recent call-ups",
307
+ "section_content": [
308
+ {
309
+ "sentence": "The following players have also been called up for the team in the last twelve months.",
310
+ "refs": []
311
+ }
312
+ ],
313
+ "subsections": []
314
+ }
315
+ ]
316
+ },
317
+ {
318
+ "section_title": "Individual records and achievements",
319
+ "section_content": [],
320
+ "subsections": [
321
+ {
322
+ "section_title": "Most-capped players",
323
+ "section_content": [],
324
+ "subsections": []
325
+ },
326
+ {
327
+ "section_title": "Top goalscorers",
328
+ "section_content": [],
329
+ "subsections": []
330
+ },
331
+ {
332
+ "section_title": "World Cup-winning captains",
333
+ "section_content": [],
334
+ "subsections": []
335
+ },
336
+ {
337
+ "section_title": "Caps",
338
+ "section_content": [],
339
+ "subsections": []
340
+ },
341
+ {
342
+ "section_title": "Goals",
343
+ "section_content": [],
344
+ "subsections": []
345
+ },
346
+ {
347
+ "section_title": "Manager records",
348
+ "section_content": [],
349
+ "subsections": []
350
+ },
351
+ {
352
+ "section_title": "World Cup awards and achievements",
353
+ "section_content": [
354
+ {
355
+ "sentence": "World Cup Golden Ball",
356
+ "refs": []
357
+ },
358
+ {
359
+ "sentence": "The World Cup Golden Ball has been given by FIFA to the best player at the World Cup since 1982; Argentina players have won it thrice; Maradona in 1986 and Messi in 2014 and 2022",
360
+ "refs": []
361
+ },
362
+ {
363
+ "sentence": "World Cup top goalscorer",
364
+ "refs": []
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "sentence": "Guillermo St\u00e1bile in 1930 and Mario Kempes in 1978 were both the top-scoring players at their respective World Cups",
368
+ "refs": []
369
+ },
370
+ {
371
+ "sentence": "World Cup Golden Glove",
372
+ "refs": []
373
+ },
374
+ {
375
+ "sentence": "The best goalkeeper at the World Cup is awarded the FIFA World Cup Golden Glove",
376
+ "refs": []
377
+ },
378
+ {
379
+ "sentence": "In 2022 this award was won by Emiliano Mart\u00ednez",
380
+ "refs": []
381
+ },
382
+ {
383
+ "sentence": "World Cup Young Player Award",
384
+ "refs": []
385
+ },
386
+ {
387
+ "sentence": "The best player at the World Cup who is no older than 21 during the calendar year of the tournament is awarded the FIFA World Cup Young Player Award",
388
+ "refs": []
389
+ },
390
+ {
391
+ "sentence": "In 2022 this award was won by Enzo Fern\u00e1ndez",
392
+ "refs": []
393
+ }
394
+ ],
395
+ "subsections": []
396
+ }
397
+ ]
398
+ },
399
+ {
400
+ "section_title": "Competitive record",
401
+ "section_content": [
402
+ {
403
+ "sentence": "Champions\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Runners-up\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Third place\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tournament played fully or partially on home soil",
404
+ "refs": []
405
+ }
406
+ ],
407
+ "subsections": [
408
+ {
409
+ "section_title": "FIFA World Cup",
410
+ "section_content": [],
411
+ "subsections": []
412
+ },
413
+ {
414
+ "section_title": "Copa Am\u00e9rica",
415
+ "section_content": [],
416
+ "subsections": []
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "section_title": "FIFA Confederations Cup",
420
+ "section_content": [],
421
+ "subsections": []
422
+ },
423
+ {
424
+ "section_title": "CONMEBOL\u2013UEFA Cup of Champions",
425
+ "section_content": [],
426
+ "subsections": []
427
+ },
428
+ {
429
+ "section_title": "Olympic Games",
430
+ "section_content": [],
431
+ "subsections": []
432
+ }
433
+ ]
434
+ },
435
+ {
436
+ "section_title": "Head-to-head record",
437
+ "section_content": [
438
+ {
439
+ "sentence": "Below is a result summary of all matches Argentina has played against FIFA recognised teams",
440
+ "refs": []
441
+ },
442
+ {
443
+ "sentence": "Positive record\u00a0\u00a0Neutral record\u00a0\u00a0Negative record",
444
+ "refs": []
445
+ }
446
+ ],
447
+ "subsections": []
448
+ },
449
+ {
450
+ "section_title": "Rivalries",
451
+ "section_content": [],
452
+ "subsections": [
453
+ {
454
+ "section_title": "Brazil",
455
+ "section_content": [
456
+ {
457
+ "sentence": "Argentina and Brazil have a fierce rivalry which is one of the oldest in South America",
458
+ "refs": []
459
+ },
460
+ {
461
+ "sentence": "Games between the two teams, even those that are only friendly matches, are often marked by notable and controversial incidents",
462
+ "refs": [
463
+ "https://www.goal.com/en/news/world-cup-golden-ball-full-winners-list-how-award-decided/bltf1da74d328214aba"
464
+ ]
465
+ },
466
+ {
467
+ "sentence": "The rivalry has also been referred to as the \"Battle of the Americas.\" FIFA has described it as the \"essence of football rivalry\"",
468
+ "refs": []
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "sentence": "According to CNN, Argentina-Brazil rivalry ranked second on their top 10 list of international football rivalries\u2014only below the ancient England\u2013Scotland football rivalry",
472
+ "refs": [
473
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20090612055816/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mencompwc/51/97/30/ip-301_01a_fwc-stats.pdf"
474
+ ]
475
+ },
476
+ {
477
+ "sentence": "The rivalry has extended to comparisons between Pel\u00e9 and Diego Maradona",
478
+ "refs": []
479
+ },
480
+ {
481
+ "sentence": "Some of their countrymen also feature regularly in such debates",
482
+ "refs": [
483
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
484
+ "http://eloratings.net/Argentina"
485
+ ]
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "sentence": "The next most notable pair are perhaps Garrincha (Brazilian) and Alfredo Di St\u00e9fano (Argentine)",
489
+ "refs": [
490
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
491
+ ]
492
+ },
493
+ {
494
+ "sentence": "The most dominant figures from the two countries in the modern game are Neymar (Brazilian) and Lionel Messi (Argentine)",
495
+ "refs": [
496
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
497
+ ]
498
+ },
499
+ {
500
+ "sentence": "Both Pel\u00e9 and Maradona have declared Neymar and Messi their respective \"successors\"",
501
+ "refs": []
502
+ }
503
+ ],
504
+ "subsections": []
505
+ },
506
+ {
507
+ "section_title": "England",
508
+ "section_content": [
509
+ {
510
+ "sentence": "With a rivalry stemming from the 1966 World Cup and intensified by the Falklands War of 1982, Argentina and England have had numerous confrontations in World Cup tournaments",
511
+ "refs": []
512
+ },
513
+ {
514
+ "sentence": "Among them was the quarter-final match in 1986, where Diego Maradona scored two goals against England",
515
+ "refs": []
516
+ },
517
+ {
518
+ "sentence": "The first was a handball, but was ruled legal by the referee",
519
+ "refs": []
520
+ },
521
+ {
522
+ "sentence": "The second, scored minutes later, saw Maradona passing five England outfield players before scoring, and is often described as one of the greatest goals in football history.",
523
+ "refs": []
524
+ },
525
+ {
526
+ "sentence": "The nations were paired together in the Round of 16 at the 1998 FIFA World Cup, won by Argentina on penalties, and again at the group stage in 2002, England winning 1\u20130 through a penalty by David Beckham who had been sent off in the tie four years earlier.",
527
+ "refs": []
528
+ }
529
+ ],
530
+ "subsections": []
531
+ },
532
+ {
533
+ "section_title": "Germany",
534
+ "section_content": [
535
+ {
536
+ "sentence": "Argentina has played Germany in seven FIFA World Cup matches including three FIFA World Cup finals: In 1986 Argentina won 3\u20132, but in 1990 it was the Germans who were the victors by a 1\u20130 scoreline.",
537
+ "refs": []
538
+ },
539
+ {
540
+ "sentence": "In 1958 they met for the first time in the group stage, where Argentina suffered a 1\u20133 loss to defending champions West Germany",
541
+ "refs": []
542
+ },
543
+ {
544
+ "sentence": "In 1966 both again faced each other in the group stage which ended in a scoreless draw",
545
+ "refs": [
546
+ "https://bleacherreport.com/articles/243090-south-americas-biggest-rivalry-argentina-vs-brazil"
547
+ ]
548
+ },
549
+ {
550
+ "sentence": "In 2006, they met in the quarter-finals; Argentina lost on penalties after a 1\u20131 draw, which was followed by a brawl on the pitch involving several players",
551
+ "refs": [
552
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20140607002121/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=argentina-in-brazil-the-essence-of-football-rivalry-2355354.html"
553
+ ]
554
+ },
555
+ {
556
+ "sentence": "They met again at the same stage in 2010, this time ending with a 4\u20130 victory for Germany",
557
+ "refs": [
558
+ "http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SPORT/football/11/06/first11.rivalries/index.html",
559
+ "https://www.pagina12.com.ar/2000/00-12/00-12-12/pag23.htm"
560
+ ]
561
+ },
562
+ {
563
+ "sentence": "They played each other for the third consecutive World Cup in the Brazil 2014 event's final, where Argentina was defeated in extra time by a score of 1\u20130.",
564
+ "refs": []
565
+ }
566
+ ],
567
+ "subsections": []
568
+ },
569
+ {
570
+ "section_title": "Uruguay",
571
+ "section_content": [
572
+ {
573
+ "sentence": "Argentina has a long-standing rivalry with its neighbour, that came into existence from the early South American Championships, the 1928 Summer Olympics and the first World Cup final, held in 1930.",
574
+ "refs": []
575
+ },
576
+ {
577
+ "sentence": "Argentina and Uruguay hold the record for most international matches played between two countries",
578
+ "refs": []
579
+ },
580
+ {
581
+ "sentence": "The two teams have faced each other 197 times since 1902",
582
+ "refs": [
583
+ "https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/argurures.html"
584
+ ]
585
+ },
586
+ {
587
+ "sentence": "The first match between Argentina and Uruguay was also the first official international match to be played outside the United Kingdom",
588
+ "refs": []
589
+ },
590
+ {
591
+ "sentence": "[note 7]",
592
+ "refs": []
593
+ }
594
+ ],
595
+ "subsections": []
596
+ },
597
+ {
598
+ "section_title": "Mexico",
599
+ "section_content": [
600
+ {
601
+ "sentence": "Argentina has a minor rivalry with Mexico, which developed in the 1990s",
602
+ "refs": []
603
+ },
604
+ {
605
+ "sentence": "The rivalry is considered one-sided as a number of Argentines do not consider Mexico as rivals",
606
+ "refs": []
607
+ },
608
+ {
609
+ "sentence": "Although the first official match between both nations came in the 1930 FIFA World Cup where Argentina beat Mexico 6\u20133 on group stage, the rivalry emerged during the late twentieth century, especially after the 1993 Copa Am\u00e9rica Final, where Argentina beat Mexico 2\u20131",
610
+ "refs": []
611
+ },
612
+ {
613
+ "sentence": "That was the first time a non-CONMEBOL nation played in a Copa Am\u00e9rica final, and the first final played between both sides",
614
+ "refs": [
615
+ "https://www.kodromagazine.com/garrincha-pele-verdad-incomoda",
616
+ "https://www.elgrafico.com.ar/articulo/1105/35264/1988-di-stefano---maradona-dos-grandes-frente-a-frente",
617
+ "https://www.sport.es/es/noticias/futbol-internacional/neymar-sucesor-avalado-pele-710419"
618
+ ]
619
+ },
620
+ {
621
+ "sentence": "The rivalry has continued in club competitions, where Argentine and Mexicans first met in 1968 Copa Interamericana",
622
+ "refs": []
623
+ },
624
+ {
625
+ "sentence": "The rivalry between both nations at club level increased during the late 1990s, when Mexican clubs were invited to participate in Copa Libertadores, where they played memorable matches v Boca Juniors",
626
+ "refs": []
627
+ },
628
+ {
629
+ "sentence": "During the 2022 FIFA World Cup held in Qatar, some Mexican and Argentine fans had a fight in Doha prior to the match between both sides, among great animosity",
630
+ "refs": []
631
+ },
632
+ {
633
+ "sentence": "Both supporters fought again inside Lusail Stadium after the match that Argentina won 2\u20130, giving Argentina a chance to qualify and forcing Mexico to win against Saudi Arabia to qualify, which ended with Argentina and Poland qualifying and Mexico being eliminated alongside Saudi Arabia",
634
+ "refs": [
635
+ "http://www.thesoccerworldcups.com/head_to_head/argentina_vs_germany.php"
636
+ ]
637
+ },
638
+ {
639
+ "sentence": "This sense of rivalry is more keenly felt by Mexican supporters and media, since Argentines do not consider Mexico rivals like Brazil, Germany, Uruguay or England.",
640
+ "refs": []
641
+ }
642
+ ],
643
+ "subsections": []
644
+ },
645
+ {
646
+ "section_title": "Nigeria",
647
+ "section_content": [
648
+ {
649
+ "sentence": "A recurrent rivalry developed from the 1990s between Argentina and Nigeria, based not on geographical proximity, long-term battles for honours or factors outside football, but due to the frequency of significant matches between them",
650
+ "refs": []
651
+ },
652
+ {
653
+ "sentence": "This has included five World Cup group games, all won by Argentina by a single goal margin: 2\u20131 in 1994, 1\u20130 in 2002, 1\u20130 in 2010, 3\u20132 in 2014 and 2\u20131 in 2018",
654
+ "refs": [
655
+ "http://edition.cnn.com/2006/SPORT/football/07/01/worldcup.brawl/",
656
+ "https://www.ussoccer.com/history/timeline",
657
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
658
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2010/jun/26/world-cup-2010-mexico-argentina",
659
+ "https://www.record.com.mx/columnistas-felipe-morales/el-origen-de-la-rivalidad-entre-mexico-y-argentina",
660
+ "https://www.rsssf.org/tables/93safull.html"
661
+ ]
662
+ },
663
+ {
664
+ "sentence": "The fixture is the most common in the competition's history involving an African nation, and has occurred in five of the six tournaments for which Nigeria has qualified",
665
+ "refs": [
666
+ "https://elpais.com/deportes/2019/06/13/actualidad/1560436953_023515.html"
667
+ ]
668
+ },
669
+ {
670
+ "sentence": "The sides also met in the 1995 King Fahd Cup (the predecessor to the Confederations Cup) as champions of their respective continents, drawing 0\u20130.",
671
+ "refs": []
672
+ },
673
+ {
674
+ "sentence": "Below full international level, their Olympic teams also faced off in the gold medal match in 1996 (3\u20132 to Nigeria), and 2008 (1\u20130 to Argentina)",
675
+ "refs": []
676
+ },
677
+ {
678
+ "sentence": "The final of the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship was also played between them; both Argentina goals in their 2\u20131 win were scored by Lionel Messi, who would go on to find the net for the senior team in the 2014 and 2018 World Cup fixtures.",
679
+ "refs": [
680
+ "https://www.tycsports.com/boca-juniors/boca-copa-libertadores-2001-cruz-azul-bombonera-bicampeon-21-anos-campeon-id445723.html",
681
+ "https://www.elgrafico.com.ar/articulo/1135/59455/batalla-campal-entre-hinchas-de-argentina-y-mexico-en-las-calles-de-doha"
682
+ ]
683
+ },
684
+ {
685
+ "sentence": "The sense of rivalry is more keenly felt on the Nigerian side, as Argentina has won almost all of their encounters, so they do not consider Nigeria a rival like Brazil, England, Uruguay or Germany, in contrast to the West Africans who remain keen to finally overcome a more illustrious foe",
686
+ "refs": []
687
+ }
688
+ ],
689
+ "subsections": []
690
+ },
691
+ {
692
+ "section_title": "Netherlands",
693
+ "section_content": [
694
+ {
695
+ "sentence": "Considered by sports media to be two historically great teams, the Argentines and Dutch have developed an intense rivalry",
696
+ "refs": [
697
+ "https://www.tycsports.com/seleccion-argentina/incidentes-hinchas-seleccion-argentina-mexico-mundial-qatar-2022-id479496.html"
698
+ ]
699
+ },
700
+ {
701
+ "sentence": "They have met ten times in total, including six times during the FIFA World Cup tournament",
702
+ "refs": []
703
+ },
704
+ {
705
+ "sentence": "The two teams first met on 26 May 1974 in an international friendly, won by the Netherlands 4\u20131",
706
+ "refs": []
707
+ },
708
+ {
709
+ "sentence": "Their most high-profile matchup occurred in the 1978 FIFA World Cup final which was won by Argentina",
710
+ "refs": []
711
+ },
712
+ {
713
+ "sentence": "One of the most recent and intense meetings happened in the 2022 FIFA World Cup, a 2\u20132 draw where Argentina advanced on penalties, in what is known as the Battle of Lusail",
714
+ "refs": [
715
+ "http://segundoenfoque.com/desde-hace-cuanto-viene-la-rivalidad-entre-argentina-y-nigeria-2018-06-27"
716
+ ]
717
+ }
718
+ ],
719
+ "subsections": []
720
+ }
721
+ ]
722
+ },
723
+ {
724
+ "section_title": "Honours",
725
+ "section_content": [],
726
+ "subsections": [
727
+ {
728
+ "section_title": "Senior team",
729
+ "section_content": [],
730
+ "subsections": []
731
+ },
732
+ {
733
+ "section_title": "Olympic team",
734
+ "section_content": [],
735
+ "subsections": []
736
+ },
737
+ {
738
+ "section_title": "Friendly",
739
+ "section_content": [],
740
+ "subsections": []
741
+ },
742
+ {
743
+ "section_title": "Awards",
744
+ "section_content": [],
745
+ "subsections": []
746
+ },
747
+ {
748
+ "section_title": "Chronology of titles",
749
+ "section_content": [],
750
+ "subsections": []
751
+ },
752
+ {
753
+ "section_title": "Summary",
754
+ "section_content": [],
755
+ "subsections": []
756
+ }
757
+ ]
758
+ },
759
+ {
760
+ "section_title": "See also",
761
+ "section_content": [],
762
+ "subsections": []
763
+ },
764
+ {
765
+ "section_title": "Notes and references",
766
+ "section_content": [],
767
+ "subsections": [
768
+ {
769
+ "section_title": "Notes",
770
+ "section_content": [],
771
+ "subsections": []
772
+ },
773
+ {
774
+ "section_title": "References",
775
+ "section_content": [],
776
+ "subsections": []
777
+ }
778
+ ]
779
+ },
780
+ {
781
+ "section_title": "External links",
782
+ "section_content": [],
783
+ "subsections": []
784
+ }
785
+ ],
786
+ "references": {
787
+ "94": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
788
+ "95": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
789
+ "96": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
790
+ "135": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
791
+ "11": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
792
+ "14": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
793
+ "20": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
794
+ "72": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
795
+ "91": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
796
+ "93": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
797
+ "111": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
798
+ "136": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
799
+ "137": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
800
+ "138": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
801
+ "140": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
802
+ "141": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
803
+ "1": "https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/soccer-daryl-grove/explanation-2010-world-cup-team-nicknames--soccer.html",
804
+ "2": "https://www.fifa.com/fifa-world-ranking/men",
805
+ "3": "https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/argurures.html",
806
+ "4": "http://www.iffhs.de/?f00b90b003e0f443e0f952bda55405fdcdc3bfcdc0aec70aeeda083c0a",
807
+ "5": "http://www.futbolnostalgia.com/amsud1.htm",
808
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1046
+ "1958": "DATE",
1047
+ "swedish": "NORP",
1048
+ "ifk malm\u00f6": "ORG",
1049
+ "sweden": "GPE",
1050
+ "the 1986 world cup": "EVENT",
1051
+ "mexico": "GPE",
1052
+ "le coq sportif": "FAC",
1053
+ "quarter": "DATE",
1054
+ "three days": "DATE",
1055
+ "mexico city": "GPE",
1056
+ "38": "CARDINAL",
1057
+ "afa": "ORG",
1058
+ "american": "NORP",
1059
+ "22 june": "DATE",
1060
+ "2018": "DATE",
1061
+ "russia": "GPE",
1062
+ "qatar": "GPE",
1063
+ "crest": "LOC",
1064
+ "16 november 1976": "DATE",
1065
+ "the soviet union": "GPE",
1066
+ "two": "CARDINAL",
1067
+ "2004": "DATE",
1068
+ "1978 and 1986": "DATE",
1069
+ "the last 12 months": "DATE",
1070
+ "players\n\ncurrent squad\n\nthe following": "WORK_OF_ART",
1071
+ "23": "CARDINAL",
1072
+ "2026": "DATE",
1073
+ "16 and 21 november 2023": "DATE",
1074
+ "22 november 2023": "DATE",
1075
+ "the last twelve months": "DATE",
1076
+ "world cup golden ball": "EVENT",
1077
+ "the world cup golden ball": "EVENT",
1078
+ "the world cup": "EVENT",
1079
+ "world cup golden glove": "EVENT",
1080
+ "the fifa world cup golden glove": "EVENT",
1081
+ "emiliano mart\u00ednez": "PERSON",
1082
+ "world cup young player award": "EVENT",
1083
+ "the calendar year": "DATE",
1084
+ "enzo fern\u00e1ndez": "PERSON",
1085
+ "south america": "LOC",
1086
+ "battle of the americas": "WORK_OF_ART",
1087
+ "cnn": "ORG",
1088
+ "10": "CARDINAL",
1089
+ "scotland": "GPE",
1090
+ "pel\u00e9": "PERSON",
1091
+ "garrincha": "PERSON",
1092
+ "brazilian": "NORP",
1093
+ "alfredo di st\u00e9fano": "PERSON",
1094
+ "argentine": "NORP",
1095
+ "neymar": "GPE",
1096
+ "lionel messi": "PERSON",
1097
+ "1966": "DATE",
1098
+ "the falklands war of 1982": "EVENT",
1099
+ "five": "CARDINAL",
1100
+ "16": "DATE",
1101
+ "1998": "DATE",
1102
+ "fifa world cup": "EVENT",
1103
+ "2002": "DATE",
1104
+ "david beckham": "PERSON",
1105
+ "four years earlier": "DATE",
1106
+ "seven": "CARDINAL",
1107
+ "three": "CARDINAL",
1108
+ "germans": "NORP",
1109
+ "1\u20133": "CARDINAL",
1110
+ "2006": "DATE",
1111
+ "1\u20131": "CARDINAL",
1112
+ "4\u20130": "CARDINAL",
1113
+ "1928": "DATE",
1114
+ "summer olympics": "EVENT",
1115
+ "between two": "CARDINAL",
1116
+ "197": "CARDINAL",
1117
+ "the united kingdom": "GPE",
1118
+ "7": "CARDINAL",
1119
+ "the 1990s": "DATE",
1120
+ "one": "CARDINAL",
1121
+ "the late twentieth century": "DATE",
1122
+ "non-conmebol": "NORP",
1123
+ "mexicans": "NORP",
1124
+ "1968": "DATE",
1125
+ "the late 1990s": "DATE",
1126
+ "mexican": "NORP",
1127
+ "copa libertadores": "FAC",
1128
+ "boca juniors": "WORK_OF_ART",
1129
+ "doha": "GPE",
1130
+ "lusail stadium": "GPE",
1131
+ "2\u20130": "CARDINAL",
1132
+ "saudi arabia": "GPE",
1133
+ "poland": "GPE",
1134
+ "nigeria": "PERSON",
1135
+ "2\u20131": "CARDINAL",
1136
+ "1994": "DATE",
1137
+ "african": "NORP",
1138
+ "1995": "DATE",
1139
+ "king fahd cup": "EVENT",
1140
+ "the confederations cup": "EVENT",
1141
+ "0\u20130": "CARDINAL",
1142
+ "olympic": "EVENT",
1143
+ "1996": "DATE",
1144
+ "2008": "DATE",
1145
+ "fifa world youth championship": "EVENT",
1146
+ "nigerian": "NORP",
1147
+ "the west africans": "NORP",
1148
+ "argentines": "NORP",
1149
+ "dutch": "NORP",
1150
+ "ten": "CARDINAL",
1151
+ "the fifa world cup": "EVENT",
1152
+ "26 may 1974": "DATE",
1153
+ "the 1978": "DATE",
1154
+ "2\u20132": "DATE",
1155
+ "the battle of lusail": "LOC",
1156
+ "notes": "PRODUCT"
1157
+ },
1158
+ "flair_entities": [
1159
+ "chery",
1160
+ "south american championship",
1161
+ "mexico city",
1162
+ "germany argentina",
1163
+ "netherlands",
1164
+ "messi",
1165
+ "west africans",
1166
+ "fifa world cup",
1167
+ "la albiceleste",
1168
+ "copa newton",
1169
+ "le coq sportif",
1170
+ "world cup golden ball",
1171
+ "crest argentina",
1172
+ "copa centenario revoluci\u00f3n de mayo",
1173
+ "brazil",
1174
+ "poland",
1175
+ "argentine football association",
1176
+ "estadio monumental",
1177
+ "copa libertadores",
1178
+ "round of 16",
1179
+ "roberto chery",
1180
+ "emiliano mart\u00ednez",
1181
+ "swedish",
1182
+ "rio de janeiro",
1183
+ "france",
1184
+ "fifa world youth championship",
1185
+ "qatar",
1186
+ "neymar",
1187
+ "nigeria",
1188
+ "copa am\u00e9rica final",
1189
+ "mexicans",
1190
+ "saudi arabia",
1191
+ "conmebol",
1192
+ "battle of lusail",
1193
+ "lionel messi",
1194
+ "golden ball",
1195
+ "sky blue')",
1196
+ "selecci\u00f3n de f\u00fatbol de argentina",
1197
+ "boca juniors",
1198
+ "brazilian football confederation",
1199
+ "lionel scaloni",
1200
+ "la bombonera",
1201
+ "italy",
1202
+ "daniel passarella",
1203
+ "montevideo",
1204
+ "england.",
1205
+ "vel\u00f3dromo paulistano",
1206
+ "scotland",
1207
+ "chile",
1208
+ "fifa men's world ranking",
1209
+ "fifa",
1210
+ "copa am\u00e9rica",
1211
+ "fifa confederations cup",
1212
+ "west germany",
1213
+ "carlos bilardo",
1214
+ "pel\u00e9",
1215
+ "david beckham",
1216
+ "germany",
1217
+ "maradona",
1218
+ "soviet union",
1219
+ "united kingdom",
1220
+ "cnn",
1221
+ "king fahd cup",
1222
+ "boca juniors'",
1223
+ "nigerian",
1224
+ "olympic",
1225
+ "guillermo st\u00e1bile",
1226
+ "falklands war of 1982",
1227
+ "doha",
1228
+ "estadio mario alberto kempes",
1229
+ "copa premier honor argentino",
1230
+ "argentines",
1231
+ "germans",
1232
+ "world cups",
1233
+ "south america",
1234
+ "battle of the americas",
1235
+ "summer olympics",
1236
+ "non-conmebol",
1237
+ "spanish",
1238
+ "american",
1239
+ "south american championships",
1240
+ "uruguay argentina",
1241
+ "confederations cup",
1242
+ "world cup golden glove",
1243
+ "geba",
1244
+ "ces\u00e1reo onzari",
1245
+ "rosario central",
1246
+ "mexico argentina",
1247
+ "mexican",
1248
+ "russia",
1249
+ "south american football championship",
1250
+ "campeonato paulista",
1251
+ "garrincha",
1252
+ "england",
1253
+ "brazilian",
1254
+ "estadio \u00fanico madre de ciudades",
1255
+ "sweden",
1256
+ "copa interamericana",
1257
+ "mexico",
1258
+ "estadio gigante de arroyito",
1259
+ "african",
1260
+ "the white",
1261
+ "fifa world cup golden glove",
1262
+ "argentine",
1263
+ "world cup",
1264
+ "fifa world cup young player award",
1265
+ "brazil argentina",
1266
+ "dutch",
1267
+ "river plate",
1268
+ "world war i",
1269
+ "estadio san juan del bicentenario",
1270
+ "lusail stadium",
1271
+ "diego maradona",
1272
+ "argentina-brazil",
1273
+ "uruguay",
1274
+ "world cup young player award",
1275
+ "alfredo di st\u00e9fano",
1276
+ "argentina",
1277
+ "ifk malm\u00f6",
1278
+ "afa",
1279
+ "enzo fern\u00e1ndez",
1280
+ "sportivo barracas",
1281
+ "uefa cup of champions",
1282
+ "estadio sportivo barracas",
1283
+ "south american",
1284
+ "mario kempes",
1285
+ "geba stadium",
1286
+ "c\u00e9sar luis menotti",
1287
+ "buenos aires"
1288
+ ]
1289
+ }
json/Armorial_of_Albania.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Armorial_of_Albania",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armorial_of_Albania",
4
+ "summary": "Heraldry, as a scholarly discipline that deals with the study and origin of various symbols and elements, emerged in Albania towards the end of the 13th century. Over time, it has evolved as an inseparable component of European heraldry, encompassing its advancements, shifts and accomplishments.\nThe earliest evidence in the usage of coats of arms can be traced to the formative period of the Principality of Arbanon, with the Gropa ruling family. This practice continued in uninterrupted succession across various medieval Albanian lineages and patronymic families, namely the Albani, Angeli, Arianiti, Balsa, Be\u00e7ikemi, Dukagjini, Durazzo, Dushmani, Kastrioti, Mataranga, Muzaka, Skuraj, Spani, Spata, Thopia, Zaharia, Zenevisi and numerous others.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Medieval rule",
8
+ "section_content": [],
9
+ "subsections": []
10
+ },
11
+ {
12
+ "section_title": "Albanian nobility",
13
+ "section_content": [],
14
+ "subsections": [
15
+ {
16
+ "section_title": "Austria\u2013Hungary",
17
+ "section_content": [],
18
+ "subsections": []
19
+ },
20
+ {
21
+ "section_title": "Dalmatia",
22
+ "section_content": [],
23
+ "subsections": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "section_title": "Italy",
27
+ "section_content": [],
28
+ "subsections": []
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "section_title": "Moldavia & Romania",
32
+ "section_content": [],
33
+ "subsections": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "section_title": "Greece",
37
+ "section_content": [],
38
+ "subsections": []
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "section_title": "Ottoman Empire",
42
+ "section_content": [
43
+ {
44
+ "sentence": "For over 500 years, Albanians were an integral and indispensable component of the Ottoman Empire, with far-reaching contributions that extended beyond politics, the economy, the military, administration and the judiciary",
45
+ "refs": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "sentence": "At least 32 accounted for grand viziers that served in this vast empire were of full or partial Albanian stock.",
49
+ "refs": []
50
+ }
51
+ ],
52
+ "subsections": []
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "section_title": "Egypt",
56
+ "section_content": [],
57
+ "subsections": []
58
+ }
59
+ ]
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "section_title": "Stratioti",
63
+ "section_content": [
64
+ {
65
+ "sentence": "Following the Ottoman conquest during the Middle Ages, the heraldic tradition became localized primarily throughout the coastal cities that fell under Veneto's rule",
66
+ "refs": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "sentence": "While Ulcin and Tivar succumbed in 1571, Parga, in present-day Greece, remained under Venetian control for extended periods (1447\u20131537; 1561\u20131797)",
70
+ "refs": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "sentence": "The pinnacle of the city's prosperity was witnessed between 1572 and 1797",
74
+ "refs": []
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "sentence": "Its affiliation with Veneto facilitated the emergence of a class of captains and stratiotes, primarily engaged in furthering the Republic's interests",
78
+ "refs": []
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "sentence": "According to H",
82
+ "refs": []
83
+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "sentence": "G",
86
+ "refs": []
87
+ },
88
+ {
89
+ "sentence": "Str\u00f6hl, one of the notable families among the captains of Parga that possessed heraldic coats of arms was the Barbati",
90
+ "refs": []
91
+ }
92
+ ],
93
+ "subsections": [
94
+ {
95
+ "section_title": "Republic of Veneto",
96
+ "section_content": [],
97
+ "subsections": []
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "section_title": "Holy Roman Empire",
101
+ "section_content": [],
102
+ "subsections": []
103
+ }
104
+ ]
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "section_title": "Modern rule",
108
+ "section_content": [],
109
+ "subsections": []
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "section_title": "National defence",
113
+ "section_content": [],
114
+ "subsections": [
115
+ {
116
+ "section_title": "Military coats of arms",
117
+ "section_content": [],
118
+ "subsections": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "section_title": "Police coats of arms",
122
+ "section_content": [],
123
+ "subsections": []
124
+ }
125
+ ]
126
+ },
127
+ {
128
+ "section_title": "Local administration",
129
+ "section_content": [],
130
+ "subsections": [
131
+ {
132
+ "section_title": "Counties",
133
+ "section_content": [
134
+ {
135
+ "sentence": "The symbolism in the coats of arms of counties in Albania is reflected in Article 5 of Law no",
136
+ "refs": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "sentence": "139/2015, later amended by Law no",
140
+ "refs": []
141
+ },
142
+ {
143
+ "sentence": "38/2019, dated 20 June 2019 and titled \"On Local Self-Governance\", which classifies the county as a second level unit of local governance that represents an administrative-territorial unit, consisting of several municipalities with geographic, economic, social and common interests",
144
+ "refs": []
145
+ }
146
+ ],
147
+ "subsections": []
148
+ },
149
+ {
150
+ "section_title": "Municipalities",
151
+ "section_content": [
152
+ {
153
+ "sentence": "Emblems of municipalities are required to incorporate and visually present, in a highly stylized approach and preferably in accordance with the formal rules of heraldry, the inherent elements and distinctive features that typify and symbolize any given municipality",
154
+ "refs": []
155
+ }
156
+ ],
157
+ "subsections": []
158
+ }
159
+ ]
160
+ },
161
+ {
162
+ "section_title": "Ecclesiastical coats of arms",
163
+ "section_content": [
164
+ {
165
+ "sentence": "The initial phase of clerical heraldry in Europe commenced around the year 1118, with the establishment of the Order of the Knights Templar",
166
+ "refs": []
167
+ },
168
+ {
169
+ "sentence": "Its formal development occurred between 1417 and 1431, during the reign of Pope Martin V.Clerical heraldry in Albania endured throughout the Ottoman occupation, though it steadily waned due to the scarcity of prelates serving in the country",
170
+ "refs": []
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "sentence": "Whatever remained from that period was eradicated during communist rule, when a more atheist ideology was embraced.The earliest extant clerical coats of arms (or seals), recognized to this day, are attributed to Pjet\u00ebr Zaharia and Nikoll Mekajshi",
174
+ "refs": []
175
+ }
176
+ ],
177
+ "subsections": [
178
+ {
179
+ "section_title": "Coats of arms",
180
+ "section_content": [],
181
+ "subsections": []
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "section_title": "Seals",
185
+ "section_content": [],
186
+ "subsections": []
187
+ }
188
+ ]
189
+ },
190
+ {
191
+ "section_title": "In society",
192
+ "section_content": [],
193
+ "subsections": []
194
+ },
195
+ {
196
+ "section_title": "See also",
197
+ "section_content": [],
198
+ "subsections": []
199
+ }
200
+ ],
201
+ "references": {
202
+ "1": "https://gazetadielli.com/kodiku-i-laurencianes-dhe-doreshkrimet-tjera-te-familjes-fisnike-shqiptare-te-engjelloreve-nga-shek-xv-e-xvi",
203
+ "2": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
204
+ "3": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
205
+ "4": "https://doi.org/10.3406%2Filiri.1984.1332",
206
+ "5": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
207
+ "6": "http://rrugaearberit.com/2021/05/11/stema-e-gropajve-ne-maqellare-te-dibres-se-eperme",
208
+ "7": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
209
+ "8": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
210
+ "9": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
211
+ "10": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
212
+ "11": "https://archive.org/details/dizionariostoric00cava/page/50/mode/1up",
213
+ "12": "ISBN: 9783487413006",
214
+ "13": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
215
+ "14": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
216
+ "15": "https://shqiptarja.com/lajm/aleksandri-i-madh-sipas-statutit-te-shkodres-zbuluar-nga-lucia-nadin?r=pop5s",
217
+ "16": "https://www.worldcat.org/title/statuti-di-scutari-della-prima-meta-del-secolo-xiv-con-le-addizioni-fino-al-1469/oclc/50580334",
218
+ "17": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
219
+ "18": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
220
+ "19": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
221
+ "20": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
222
+ "21": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
223
+ "22": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
224
+ "23": "ISBN: 9789992731857",
225
+ "24": "https://dl.wdl.org/12052/service/12052.pdf",
226
+ "25": "https://archive.org/details/BiemmiIstoriaDiGiorgioCastriotoScanderBegh/mode/2up",
227
+ "26": "http://asa.archiviostudiadriatici.it/islandora/object/libria%3A315894#page/6/mode/1up",
228
+ "27": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
229
+ "28": "ISBN: 99927-31-85-0",
230
+ "29": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
231
+ "30": "http://www.brundarte.it/2021/06/19/madonna-della-misericordia-_-mesagne-br",
232
+ "31": "https://mangup.su/geraldika/kakim-byl-gerb-komninov.html",
233
+ "32": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
234
+ "33": "https://www.kultplus.com/lajme/historia-e-dhimbshme-e-familjes-gjonmarkaj-gjyshi-kerkoi-te-pushkatohej-ne-vend-te-djalit-dy-vite-me-pas-e-varen-ne-litar",
235
+ "34": "http://www.kroraina.com/knigi/hzh/gal/index.html",
236
+ "35": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
237
+ "36": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
238
+ "37": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
239
+ "38": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
240
+ "39": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
241
+ "40": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
242
+ "41": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
243
+ "42": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
244
+ "43": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
245
+ "44": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
246
+ "45": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
247
+ "46": "https://books.google.com/books?id=gItpAAAAMAAJ",
248
+ "47": "https://albanica.al/shejzat/issue/view/65/53",
249
+ "48": "https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bgjura.html",
250
+ "49": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
251
+ "50": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
252
+ "51": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
253
+ "52": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
254
+ "53": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
255
+ "54": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "55": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "56": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ {
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+ "title": "Banjska_attack",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjska_attack",
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+ "summary": "The Banjska attack (Albanian: Sulmi n\u00eb Banjsk\u00eb, Serbian: \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0443 \u0411\u0430\u045a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0458, romanized: Napad u Banjskoj) was a terrorist attack carried out by Serb militants against the Kosovo Police. The attack occurred in the village of Banjska located in North Kosovo on 24 September 2023.Between 23 and 24 September 2023, Serb militants initiated an attack on Kosovo police as they responded to a situation where trucks lacking license plates were blocking a bridge in Banjska. This incident resulted in the death of Kosovar sergeant Afrim Bunjaku, who was posthumously honored with the Hero of Kosovo order. Subsequently, the attackers sought refuge within Banjska Monastery, which was eventually retaken by the Kosovo Police. During this operation, three of the militants were killed, and a significant cache of weaponry was confiscated. A total of eight people were subsequently apprehended, four of whom were later released. Notably, Serb List Vice-president Milan Radoi\u010di\u0107 was implicated and later admitted responsibility for the attack, leading to his subsequent arrest.\nIn the aftermath of the attack, Kosovo, Albania and the European Union, along with several other nations, issued condemnations. Kosovo's Assembly denounced the incident and called for an international inquiry into alleged Serbian state involvement, urging appropriate measures by Western nations. Furthermore, the buildup of Serbian military forces along the Kosovo border prompted regional widespread concern, with calls for de-escalation and the bolstering of NATO deployments. Kosovo alleged Serbian state involvement, presenting evidence of training on Serbian territory. Concurrently, the Kosovo Intelligence Agency confirmed reports of a Serbian base construction near the border.",
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+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Background",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The terrorist attack in Banjska occurred within a context of increased tensions in the region",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "After the decision of Prime Minister Albin Kurti to block all Serbian license plates with the letters KM (Kosovska Mitrovica) within the Republic of Kosovo, citing constitutional concerns, Kosovo Serbs working in the public sector, including the mayors of four municipalities in northern Kosovo, resigned in protest",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.evropaelire.org/a/kurti-dialogu-kosove-serbi-/32002310.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "After the boycott of the mayors and administrative staff, new elections were scheduled",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.evropaelire.org/a/serbet-veri-doreheqje-/32118880.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In November 2022, President Vjosa Osmani set December 18 as the date for new elections in the four municipalities in northern Kosovo",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "However, after new clashes erupted in northern Kosovo, Osmani decided to postpone the mayoral elections, originally scheduled for 18 December, until April 2023",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.evropaelire.org/a/takimi-presidentja-lideret-partite-zgjedhjet-veri-/32130241.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "This decision received support from European Union (EU) ambassadors",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In the days leading up to the rescheduled elections, the main political party in Serb-dominated northern Kosovo, the Serb List, called on the Serb community not to vote, resulting in a boycott of local elections by Serbs in the area who demanded more autonomy",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Despite the boycott, a few Kosovo Serbs and the local minority of Albanians in northern Kosovo participated in the elections",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.voanews.com/a/serbs-in-north-kosovo-boycott-local-elections/7062493.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Due to the boycott, all four newly elected mayors in the northern municipalities came from Albanian parties",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Following the elections, members of the Kosovo Serb community staged protests in front of municipal buildings in northern Kosovo, expressing their discontent with the newly elected mayors",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://kosovotwopointzero.com/cka-treguan-zgjedhjet-ne-veri/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "These protests were closely monitored by the Kosovo Police, the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX), and NATO peacekeeping forces",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Confrontations transpired between KFOR troops and Kosovo Serb protesters, resulting in injuries sustained by both military personnel and demonstrators",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Attack",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Between 23 and 24 September 2023, two trucks without licence plates were placed on a bridge at the entrance to the village of Banjska, blocking the road",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The blockade was reported to the police in the early morning hours of 24 September",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At around 2:30 (CET) three police units arrived at the scene, whereupon they were attacked from different directions by an armed group of about 30 men, with a variety of weapons, including grenades",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In the initial shootout, the Kosovar police forces managed to repel the initial attack",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66905091",
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/24/gunmen-northern-kosovo-monastery-albin-kurti"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Three Kosovar policemen were wounded and transported to the regional hospital in south Mitrovica, but one of them died upon arrival",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/09/24/Police-officer-killed-in-attack-in-north-kosovo-",
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+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230924093105/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/24/one-police-officer-killed-in-kosovo-attack-blamed-on-serbia"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "After the ambush, the group of armed men entered the 14th century Banjska Monastery and barricaded themselves inside before being encircled by Kosovar security forces",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/30/vucic-wants-war-kosovo-pm-accuses-belgrade-of-inciting-violence"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Eparchy of Ra\u0161ka and Prizren of the Serbian Orthodox Church, which governs the monastery, said that the men, who were wearing masks, broke through the locked gate of the monastery and storming the complex in an armoured vehicle",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66905091"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "A group of pilgrims from Novi Sad, Vojvodina were at the monastery at the time of the attack",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://eparhija-prizren.com/en/news/urgent-announcement-of-the-diocese-of-raska-prizren-regarding-the-armed-conflict-near-banjska-monastery/",
115
+ "https://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/573391/Eparhija-rasko-prizrenska-povodom-oruzanog-sukoba-pored-manastira-Banjske"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At 17:27 (CET), Kosovo Special Forces entered and recaptured the monastery, ending the siege",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230924-fighting-ongoing-after-police-officer-killed-in-attack-in-north-kosovo"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Xhelal Sve\u00e7la, Kosovo's Minister of Internal Affairs stated that the village was brought under control after \"several consecutive battles\" throughout the day",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.botasot.info/aktuale-lajme/2057555/raportohet-se-njesia-speciale-ka-hyre-brenda-manastirit-te-banjskes/",
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66905091"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "EULEX, the EU mission that acts as the second security responder in Kosovo, was also at the scene",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66905091"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Weaponry",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Kosovar authorities initially apprehended eight people, four of which were subsequently released for lack of evidence",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The arrested included two gunmen, along with four other Serbs discovered in possession of communication near the incident site, who were investigated for terrorism",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://balkaninsight.com/2023/09/27/kosovo-frees-four-serbs-after-clashes-alleges-new-serbia-link/",
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+ "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/kosovo-accuses-serbia-direct-involvement-deadly-clashes-investigates-103561899"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Subsequently, a substantial cache of weaponry was seized by the Kosovo Police at the Banjska Monastery",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Additionally, vehicles utilised by the attackers were impounded, revealing an extensive arsenal of firearms, explosives, ammunition and logistical support capable of sustaining a group numbering in the hundreds",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/kosovo-serbien-waffen-arsenal-100.html",
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+ "https://apnews.com/article/kosovo-serbia-gunmen-tension-mourning-monastery-attack-4c381bcd34374d81d59adb3a473925b4"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "During the search of the monastery and associated vehicles, authorities uncovered maps and detailed plans, indicative of a meticulously organized, long-term operation",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://apnews.com/article/kosovo-serbia-gunmen-tension-mourning-monastery-attack-4c381bcd34374d81d59adb3a473925b4"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The items encompassed rocket launchers, a heavily armored vehicle, 24 automobiles, two 4\u00d74 motorcycles, 150 explosives, three drones, 30 AK-47s, six machine guns, 29 mortars, and over 100 military uniforms",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/kosovo-serbien-waffen-arsenal-100.html"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Attackers",
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+ "section_content": [
182
+ {
183
+ "sentence": "The identity and background of the attackers was not known publicly",
184
+ "refs": []
185
+ },
186
+ {
187
+ "sentence": "They were described as \"gunmen\" and \"Serbian militants\"",
188
+ "refs": []
189
+ },
190
+ {
191
+ "sentence": "Prosecutor Naim Abazi confirmed that the arrested militants were Serbian citizens",
192
+ "refs": [
193
+ "https://bnn-news.com/monastery-attack-escalates-kosovo-serbia-conflict-249809",
194
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/31/europe/albin-kurti-kosovo-serbia-interview-intl/index.html"
195
+ ]
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "sentence": "Minister Sve\u00e7la said that six gunmen had escaped to Serbia and were receiving treatment for their injuries at a hospital in Novi Pazar",
199
+ "refs": [
200
+ "https://www.evropaelire.org/a/arrestim-sulm-veri-shtetas-serbia-/32608720.html"
201
+ ]
202
+ },
203
+ {
204
+ "sentence": "He demanded their extradition to Kosovo",
205
+ "refs": []
206
+ },
207
+ {
208
+ "sentence": "He also claimed that Serbia was operating training camps for \"insurgents\" and said Kosovar authorities were also investigating Russian involvement in the attack",
209
+ "refs": [
210
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/25/kosovo-demands-serbia-hand-over-escaped-serb-gunmen"
211
+ ]
212
+ },
213
+ {
214
+ "sentence": "On 26 September, Kosovo Police unveiled drone video evidence implicating Serb List Vice-president Milan Radoi\u010di\u0107 as being part of the militant group",
215
+ "refs": []
216
+ },
217
+ {
218
+ "sentence": "The party retains close affiliations to Serbian President Aleksandar Vu\u010di\u0107",
219
+ "refs": [
220
+ "https://kallxo.com/lajm/video-publikohen-pamje-nga-droni-svecla-radojciq-shihet-ne-mesin-e-grupit-terrorist/"
221
+ ]
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "sentence": "Radoi\u010di\u0107's weapon permits were left behind",
225
+ "refs": [
226
+ "https://balkaninsight.com/2019/10/16/serbias-president-was-real-loser-in-kosovo-election/"
227
+ ]
228
+ },
229
+ {
230
+ "sentence": "Later in an interview, Vu\u010di\u0107 acknowledged that Radoi\u010di\u0107 was \"a freedom fighter\"",
231
+ "refs": []
232
+ },
233
+ {
234
+ "sentence": "On 29 September, Radoi\u010di\u0107 took responsibility for the attack stating through a lawyer that the attack was organised without the knowledge of Serbian authorities or the Serb List, from which he resigned",
235
+ "refs": [
236
+ "https://euronews.al/vucic-mbron-terroristet-radoicic-eshte-nje-luftetar-per-liri/"
237
+ ]
238
+ },
239
+ {
240
+ "sentence": "The same day, Kosovar authorities raided properties he owned, including an lakeside villa, a penthouse apartment and a restaurant",
241
+ "refs": []
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "On 3 October, Milan Radoi\u010di\u0107 was arrested by Serbian authorities following a police raid on his residence and other associated premises",
245
+ "refs": []
246
+ },
247
+ {
248
+ "sentence": "Sve\u00e7la described the arrest of the latter as a \"symbolic move by Serbia to alleviate Western pressure\", emphasising that Kosovo will not establish good neighborly relations with Serbia as long as it \"sponsors terrorism\"",
249
+ "refs": [
250
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/serbian-authorities-detained-alleged-organizer-recent-shootout-kosovo-103686267",
251
+ "https://telegrafi.com/arrestohet-milan-radoiciq/"
252
+ ]
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "sentence": "The following day however, the Supreme Court in Belgrade denied a motion from the public prosecutor's office to place Radoi\u010di\u0107 in custody for 30 days and released him",
256
+ "refs": [
257
+ "https://telegrafi.com/svecla-arrestimi-radoiciqit-eshte-nje-farse/"
258
+ ]
259
+ }
260
+ ],
261
+ "subsections": []
262
+ },
263
+ {
264
+ "section_title": "Casualties",
265
+ "section_content": [
266
+ {
267
+ "sentence": "On the Kosovar side, police sergeant Afrim Bunjaku was killed by the Serb militants",
268
+ "refs": []
269
+ },
270
+ {
271
+ "sentence": "He was posthumously awarded with the order Hero of Kosovo",
272
+ "refs": []
273
+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "sentence": "Three Serb militants were killed",
276
+ "refs": []
277
+ },
278
+ {
279
+ "sentence": "One of the attackers that was killed was identified as Bojan Mijailovi\u0107, a former bodyguard of Serbian Minister for Kosovo Aleksandar Vulin in 2013",
280
+ "refs": [
281
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/kosovo-police-officer-killed-wounded-attack-north-raising-103442682",
282
+ "https://www.tiranatimes.com/?p=153982",
283
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/serbia-investigate-killing-policeman-northern-kosovo-vucic-2023-09-28/"
284
+ ]
285
+ },
286
+ {
287
+ "sentence": "On 25 September, the body of another Serb militant was found by Kosovar authorities, initially reported as the fourth attacker",
288
+ "refs": [
289
+ "https://euronews.al/en/svecla-one-of-the-slain-attackers-in-banjska-was-vulins-guard-in-2013/"
290
+ ]
291
+ },
292
+ {
293
+ "sentence": "Kosovo officials later clarified that this report was inaccurate and that it was the third attacker",
294
+ "refs": []
295
+ },
296
+ {
297
+ "sentence": "On 26 September, photos were released showing the bodies of two Serb militants inside a police vehicle",
298
+ "refs": [
299
+ "https://www.rferl.org/a/kosovo-police-officer-killed-serb-north-kurti/32606755.html"
300
+ ]
301
+ }
302
+ ],
303
+ "subsections": []
304
+ }
305
+ ]
306
+ },
307
+ {
308
+ "section_title": "Aftermath",
309
+ "section_content": [],
310
+ "subsections": [
311
+ {
312
+ "section_title": "Resolutions",
313
+ "section_content": [],
314
+ "subsections": [
315
+ {
316
+ "section_title": "Kosovo and Albania",
317
+ "section_content": [
318
+ {
319
+ "sentence": "On 28 September, the Assembly of Kosovo unanimously adopted a resolution, securing 97 votes in favor with no opposing votes or abstentions",
320
+ "refs": []
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "sentence": "The resolution strongly denounced the assault as a \"terrorist attack\", lamenting the death of sergeant Afrim Bunjaku and emphasising the compelling necessity for a thorough international inquiry into Serbian involvement",
324
+ "refs": [
325
+ "https://www.kuvendikosoves.org/shq/punesimi/per-publikun/lajmi/kuvendi-miratoi-rezoluten-nepermjet-se-ciles-33382/",
326
+ "https://euronews.al/en/kosovo-seeks-international-inquiry-into-serbias-involvement-in-banjska-attack/"
327
+ ]
328
+ },
329
+ {
330
+ "sentence": "Prime Minister Kurti also issued an appeal to Western nations, urging them to enforce punitive measures against Serbia and actively facilitate the extradition of the assailants to Kosovo",
331
+ "refs": [
332
+ "https://euronews.al/en/kosovo-seeks-international-inquiry-into-serbias-involvement-in-banjska-attack/"
333
+ ]
334
+ },
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "In a subsequent development on October 4, the Parliament of Albania announced its plans to convene a session, intending to ratify an extensive 13-point resolution in its forthcoming session",
337
+ "refs": [
338
+ "https://euronews.al/en/kosovo-seeks-international-inquiry-into-serbias-involvement-in-banjska-attack/"
339
+ ]
340
+ },
341
+ {
342
+ "sentence": "The resolution encompasses the denouncement of the assault, expresses support for security initiatives, commends Kosovo's security institutions, calls on Serbia to cease hostile actions and advocates for a transparent investigation and extradition of the perpetrators for prosecution",
343
+ "refs": [
344
+ "https://www.koha.net/arberi/394305/ps-ja-e-opozita-ne-shqiperi-behen-bashke-per-kosoven/"
345
+ ]
346
+ },
347
+ {
348
+ "sentence": "On 12 October, the parliament unanimously approved the resolution, endorsing Albania's constitutional institutions to actively engage in the ongoing international community-led investigative efforts",
349
+ "refs": [
350
+ "https://www.koha.net/arberi/394305/ps-ja-e-opozita-ne-shqiperi-behen-bashke-per-kosoven/"
351
+ ]
352
+ }
353
+ ],
354
+ "subsections": []
355
+ },
356
+ {
357
+ "section_title": "European Union",
358
+ "section_content": [
359
+ {
360
+ "sentence": "On 19 October, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the incident, condemning what it described as a terrorist attack, while also scrutinizing the Serbian government's stance towards Kosovo and its Western allies",
361
+ "refs": []
362
+ },
363
+ {
364
+ "sentence": "The parliamentary action attributed the attack to Serbian paramilitaries and raised concerns about potential Serbian involvement in recent political unrest",
365
+ "refs": [
366
+ "https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2023/10/19/ep-adopts-resolution-on-banjska-calls-for-measures-against-serbian-government-if-its-involvement-is-proven/",
367
+ "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231013IPR07135/serbia-and-kosovo-must-work-to-de-escalate-the-situation-in-northern-kosovo"
368
+ ]
369
+ },
370
+ {
371
+ "sentence": "It called for measures against the Serbian government, encompassing the possibility of freezing financial support and implementing targeted sanctions in case of confirmed state involvement",
372
+ "refs": [
373
+ "https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2023/10/19/ep-adopts-resolution-on-banjska-calls-for-measures-against-serbian-government-if-its-involvement-is-proven/"
374
+ ]
375
+ },
376
+ {
377
+ "sentence": "It also called Serbia to engage in full cooperation, including the apprehension and extradition of those responsible for the attack, who are presently residing in Serbia, to face justice within Kosovo",
378
+ "refs": []
379
+ },
380
+ {
381
+ "sentence": "The document also delved into the matter of military build-up, the formulation of containment strategies, early local elections, and the need for reconciliation and the integration of Kosovo's Serb community",
382
+ "refs": [
383
+ "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231013IPR07135/serbia-and-kosovo-must-work-to-de-escalate-the-situation-in-northern-kosovo"
384
+ ]
385
+ },
386
+ {
387
+ "sentence": "Aside from promoting peaceful dialogue between Serbia and Kosovo, the resolution also emphasized the removal of punitive measures against Kosovo and outlined a comprehensive roadmap for Kosovo's European Union integration",
388
+ "refs": [
389
+ "https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2023/10/19/ep-adopts-resolution-on-banjska-calls-for-measures-against-serbian-government-if-its-involvement-is-proven/"
390
+ ]
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "sentence": "The resolution garnered support from Kosovo's Prime Minister Kurti and Deputy Prime Minister Besnik Bislimi",
394
+ "refs": [
395
+ "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231013IPR07135/serbia-and-kosovo-must-work-to-de-escalate-the-situation-in-northern-kosovo"
396
+ ]
397
+ }
398
+ ],
399
+ "subsections": []
400
+ }
401
+ ]
402
+ },
403
+ {
404
+ "section_title": "Serbian state involvement",
405
+ "section_content": [
406
+ {
407
+ "sentence": "On 1 October, Kurti published multiple videos on the social media platform Twitter, claiming to present proof of the Serbian attackers' training in connection with the attack",
408
+ "refs": []
409
+ },
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "He revealed that the group had trained at the Serbian army base of Pasuljanske Livade four days prior to the attacks",
412
+ "refs": []
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "sentence": "Kurti and Kosovo Police Director Gazmend Hoxha also alleged additional exercises occurred at the Kopaonik base owned by Milan Radoi\u010di\u0107 and implicated full Serbian state support under Serbian President Vu\u010di\u0107's leadership",
416
+ "refs": []
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "sentence": "Kurti later disclosed that the \"terrorist attack\" was part of a broader plan aimed at \"annexing the northern territories of Kosovo\", with the intention of \"establishing a corridor to Serbia\" for the supply of weapons and troops",
420
+ "refs": [
421
+ "https://telegrafi.com/videot-e-reja-nga-kosova-tronditin-serbine-si-raportuan-mediat-rajonale-pamjet-e-fundit-te-publikuara-nga-policia-e-kosoves/",
422
+ "https://telegrafi.com/kurti-terroristet-qe-kryen-sulmet-ne-veri-u-trajnuan-ne-nje-nga-bazat-kryesore-te-ushtrise-serbe/"
423
+ ]
424
+ },
425
+ {
426
+ "sentence": "On a similar note, Minister Sve\u00e7la revealed that the attack had strategic objectives including the \"annexation of northern Kosovo\"",
427
+ "refs": []
428
+ },
429
+ {
430
+ "sentence": "Evidence retrieved from confiscated drone footage confirmed the attack's preparation within Serbia",
431
+ "refs": []
432
+ },
433
+ {
434
+ "sentence": "Sve\u00e7la implicated high-ranking Serbian officials, including Vu\u010di\u0107, Defense Minister Milo\u0161 Vu\u010devi\u0107 and commander Milan Mojsilovi\u0107, in the training of the attackers",
435
+ "refs": []
436
+ },
437
+ {
438
+ "sentence": "Hoxha also asserted that Serbia furnished logistical support and infrastructure to the group",
439
+ "refs": []
440
+ }
441
+ ],
442
+ "subsections": []
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "section_title": "Serbian military buildup and base construction",
446
+ "section_content": [
447
+ {
448
+ "sentence": "On 30 September, the government of the United States officially noted an unusually high presence of Serbian military forces positioned along the Kosovo border",
449
+ "refs": []
450
+ },
451
+ {
452
+ "sentence": "In response, John Kirby, the National Security Council Coordinator for Strategic Communications, called on Serbian authorities to de-escalate the situation and characterized the deployment as \"destabilizing\"",
453
+ "refs": [
454
+ "https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/kosovo-serbien-militaer-usa-1.6263339"
455
+ ]
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "sentence": "Kosovo President Osmani, expressed a strong commitment to closely collaborate with the US on that issue and other NATO allies in addressing \"security challenges and protecting hard-won freedoms\"",
459
+ "refs": [
460
+ "https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/kosovo-serbien-militaer-usa-1.6263339",
461
+ "https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/kosovo-serbien-usa-truppenaufmarsch-grenze-100.html"
462
+ ]
463
+ },
464
+ {
465
+ "sentence": "Edi Rama, the Prime Minister of Albania, affirmed Albania's alignment with the US' appeal for an immediate de-escalation and emphasised the nation's commitment to ensuring the security and stability of Kosovo",
466
+ "refs": [
467
+ "https://telegrafi.com/shba-kerkoi-serbise-terheq-trupat-nga-kufiri-kosoven-osmani-te-perkushtuar-per-te-punuar-ngushte-shba-ne-dhe-nato-n/"
468
+ ]
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "sentence": "The German Foreign Ministry called upon Serbia to withdraw its troops from the border with Kosovo, emphasising that there \"must be no further escalation between Serbia and Kosovo\"",
472
+ "refs": [
473
+ "https://telegrafi.com/shba-kerkoi-nga-serbia-te-terheq-ushtrine-nga-kufiri-kosoven-reagon-edi-rama/"
474
+ ]
475
+ },
476
+ {
477
+ "sentence": "Later that day Serbian military convoys were seen withdrawing from the border",
478
+ "refs": [
479
+ "https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/kosovo-serbien-militaer-usa-1.6263339"
480
+ ]
481
+ },
482
+ {
483
+ "sentence": "On 2 October, President Vu\u010di\u0107 called reports of a Serbian buildup \"not fully accurate\", saying that its troop presence in the border had decreased from 14,800 personnel in the previous year to 8,400 personnel a few days prior and finally to 4,400",
484
+ "refs": [
485
+ "https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/vojni-konvoj-jug-srbije-predejane/32617049.html"
486
+ ]
487
+ },
488
+ {
489
+ "sentence": "NATO announced that the organisation would increase its peacekeeping presence in Kosovo, adding that it would utilize additional soldiers from the United Kingdom",
490
+ "refs": []
491
+ },
492
+ {
493
+ "sentence": "The German government expressed their support for strengthening the NATO-led peace mission KFOR and endorsed the deployment of additional numbers of its soldiers",
494
+ "refs": [
495
+ "https://apnews.com/article/kosovo-serbia-clashes-raid-police-f671bd21560f60bdca72d2daf7ce50ef"
496
+ ]
497
+ },
498
+ {
499
+ "sentence": "Later, German Defense Minister Boris Pistorius declared that he had no immediate plans to send additional forces, stating that they are closely monitoring the situation and will \"act swiftly if necessary\"",
500
+ "refs": [
501
+ "https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/konflikte-sorge-im-kosovo-baerbock-warnt-vor-eskalation-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-231001-99-402441"
502
+ ]
503
+ },
504
+ {
505
+ "sentence": "On 4 October, Romania announced its commitment to send approximately 100 soldiers to reinforce the KFOR peacekeeping mission",
506
+ "refs": [
507
+ "https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2023-10/bundesverteidigungsminister-boris-pistorius-kosovo-serbien"
508
+ ]
509
+ },
510
+ {
511
+ "sentence": "On 2 October, Chairwoman of the Commission of the Kosovo Intelligence Agency Ganimete Musliu confirmed reports in a public statement that Serbia was engaged in the construction of a military base in the vicinity of Izvor near the Kosovo border",
512
+ "refs": []
513
+ },
514
+ {
515
+ "sentence": "The confirmation was based on multiple evidence, including direct observations of military personnel in the area and drone footage that provided visual confirmation of the ongoing construction",
516
+ "refs": [
517
+ "https://telegrafi.com/musliu-serbia-po-nderton-baze-ushtarake-afer-kufirit-kosoven/"
518
+ ]
519
+ }
520
+ ],
521
+ "subsections": []
522
+ }
523
+ ]
524
+ },
525
+ {
526
+ "section_title": "Reactions",
527
+ "section_content": [],
528
+ "subsections": [
529
+ {
530
+ "section_title": "Kosovo",
531
+ "section_content": [
532
+ {
533
+ "sentence": "President Osmani asserted that the attack had been \"orchestrated by Serbian criminal gangs\" and characterised it as an assault on Kosovo's territorial integrity",
534
+ "refs": []
535
+ },
536
+ {
537
+ "sentence": "Prime Minister Albin Kurti attributed the assailants as \"heavily armed and heavily equipped, professionally trained and planned, politically supported, materially financed and logistically supported by Serbia.\" Kurti additionally assigned responsibility to \"Serbian-state supported troops\" for what he described as \"terrorist attacks\" and accused Serbia of plotting to stage a scenario similar to the Bosnian War in the 1990s that enabled the creation of a Serb-dominated entity within the country",
538
+ "refs": [
539
+ "https://balkaninsight.com/2023/09/24/kosovo-pm-accuses-serbia-backed-gunmen-of-shooting-kosovo-policemen/",
540
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/25/kosovo-demands-serbia-hand-over-escaped-serb-gunmen",
541
+ "https://balkaninsight.com/2023/09/24/kosovo-pm-accuses-serbia-backed-gunmen-of-shooting-kosovo-policemen/",
542
+ "https://balkaninsight.com/2023/09/24/kosovo-pm-accuses-serbia-backed-gunmen-of-shooting-kosovo-policemen/"
543
+ ]
544
+ },
545
+ {
546
+ "sentence": "Kurti urged Western nations to enact sanctions against Serbia, while Osmani asserted that Serbia persisted in asserting territorial claims and actively incite tensions, akin to what she described as a \"Crimea model.\" Both Kurti and Dan Ilazi, head of research at the Kosovar Centre for Security Studies, noted that the weapons and equipment used by the attackers were unavailable in the open market and difficult to acquire without high-level connections, possibly within the Serbian government",
547
+ "refs": [
548
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/30/vucic-wants-war-kosovo-pm-accuses-belgrade-of-inciting-violence",
549
+ "https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2023-09/kosovo-angreifer-serbien-albin-kurti?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F"
550
+ ]
551
+ },
552
+ {
553
+ "sentence": "Kosovo Police General Director Gazmend Hoxha said the attack prompted the largest police operation in the country since the Kosovo War in 1999",
554
+ "refs": []
555
+ },
556
+ {
557
+ "sentence": "The Jarinje and Brnjak border crossings between Kosovo and Serbia were closed due to the incident",
558
+ "refs": []
559
+ },
560
+ {
561
+ "sentence": "On 29 September, Kosovar police raided five locations in three municipalities in the north of the country in connection with the attack, with reports saying several vehicles were confiscated",
562
+ "refs": [
563
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/24/one-police-officer-killed-in-kosovo-attack-blamed-on-serbia"
564
+ ]
565
+ },
566
+ {
567
+ "sentence": "Serbian media reported that among the locations targeted were a hospital and a restaurant in Mitrovica",
568
+ "refs": []
569
+ },
570
+ {
571
+ "sentence": "A cousin of Afrim Bunjaku issued a statement confirming his death with the headline of the statement written in all capital letters reading \"Dying for your Homeland is like being born again\"",
572
+ "refs": []
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "sentence": "Another family member of the killed police officer called Kurti to join the negotiations with Serbia and withdraw the police from the north of Kosovo to prevent further loss of life",
576
+ "refs": [
577
+ "https://www.gazetaexpress.com/vjen-reagimi-i-familjes-se-policit-qe-u-vra-sot-ne-veri/"
578
+ ]
579
+ },
580
+ {
581
+ "sentence": "The Serb List announced a three-day period of mourning \"to mourn the loss of our fellow citizens\", i.e",
582
+ "refs": [
583
+ "https://24sedam.rs/politika/vesti/246044/oglasio-se-clan-porodice-stradalog-policajca-sa-kim/vest",
584
+ "https://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/573404/Clanova-porodice-policajca-ubijenog-na-severu-Kosova-pozvali-premijera-tkz-Kosova-da-ne-ugrozava-vise-zivote"
585
+ ]
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "sentence": "the militants, in Serb-majority municipalities against Kosovar laws which reserve such actions to the President and municipal authorities",
589
+ "refs": []
590
+ },
591
+ {
592
+ "sentence": "On 26 September, residents of North Mitrovica and three other towns gathered and lit candles for the dead attackers",
593
+ "refs": [
594
+ "https://euronews.al/en/serbia-declares-day-of-mourning-following-tragic-events-in-kosovo/"
595
+ ]
596
+ },
597
+ {
598
+ "sentence": "The Eparchy of Ra\u0161ka and Prizren of the Serbian Orthodox Church condemned the attack and violence in the monastery, expressing condolences to the families of the killed and wounded policemen",
599
+ "refs": [
600
+ "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230926-kosovo-court-remands-suspects-in-police-ambush-standoff"
601
+ ]
602
+ },
603
+ {
604
+ "sentence": "In EU sponsored meeting in Brussels between Serbia and Kosovo held in October, Kosovo asked for Milan Radoicic to be handed over for a trial, guaranteed fair by the EU's rule of law mission in Kosovo monitoring it",
605
+ "refs": []
606
+ },
607
+ {
608
+ "sentence": "Serbia rejected the idea",
609
+ "refs": []
610
+ }
611
+ ],
612
+ "subsections": []
613
+ },
614
+ {
615
+ "section_title": "Serbia",
616
+ "section_content": [
617
+ {
618
+ "sentence": "President Vu\u010di\u0107 condemned the killing of what he called an \"Albanian police officer\" and accused Prime Minister Kurti of being \"the sole culprit\" for the event and said that \"the people fell for the provocations.\" He also claimed that the attackers were Kosovo Serbs who \"did not want to endure Kurti's terror any longer\"",
619
+ "refs": [
620
+ "https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/32607171.html",
621
+ "https://kossev.info/vucic-o-banjskoj-srbi-sa-kim-se-pobunili-naseli-na-kurtijevu-provokaciju-bojazan-da-je-i-cetvrti-stradao/"
622
+ ]
623
+ },
624
+ {
625
+ "sentence": "and said that Kurti's refusal to allow the formation of an Association of Serb Municipalities to guarantee autonomy for Kosovar Serbs fueled preexisting tensions",
626
+ "refs": [
627
+ "https://mondo.rs/Info/Srbija/a1833368/Uzivo-Aleksandar-Vucic-o-situaciji-na-Kosovu-i-Metohiji.html"
628
+ ]
629
+ },
630
+ {
631
+ "sentence": "Defence Minister Milo\u0161 Vu\u010devi\u0107 told RTS that the attackers were the latest in a long line of fighters who died \"for freedom of Kosovo and freedom of Serbia\", while several newspapers described them as \"heroes\" and said the country was collectively in \"tears\" over those killed in the attack",
632
+ "refs": [
633
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/30/vucic-wants-war-kosovo-pm-accuses-belgrade-of-inciting-violence"
634
+ ]
635
+ },
636
+ {
637
+ "sentence": "Vu\u010di\u0107 claimed on television that the Security Intelligence Agency filmed Kosovar policemen letting a wounded Serb die without helping him",
638
+ "refs": []
639
+ },
640
+ {
641
+ "sentence": "According to him, they laughed while watching him and one of the policemen said that it would not be a shame if the Serb died",
642
+ "refs": []
643
+ },
644
+ {
645
+ "sentence": "He also claimed that private houses where elderly Serbs were living were fired at by the Kosovo police without reason, and that two Serbs were killed by sniper fire despite them being far away from anyone",
646
+ "refs": [
647
+ "https://www.danas.rs/vesti/politika/vucic-povodom-situacije-na-kosovu-srbi-se-pobunili-protiv-kurtijevog-terora/",
648
+ "https://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/573441/Predsednik-Vucic-Ovo-je-jedan-od-najtezih-dana-za-nas-narod-i-nasu-zemlju"
649
+ ]
650
+ },
651
+ {
652
+ "sentence": "Vu\u010di\u0107 later threatened to prosecute Kosovo police officers who he described as \"cold blooded killers\" and added that he did not \"care what anyone in the world thinks about it\"",
653
+ "refs": [
654
+ "https://www.danas.rs/vesti/politika/vucic-povodom-situacije-na-kosovu-srbi-se-pobunili-protiv-kurtijevog-terora/"
655
+ ]
656
+ },
657
+ {
658
+ "sentence": "Serbia declared a national day of mourning for 27 September for what it described as the \"tragic events\"",
659
+ "refs": []
660
+ },
661
+ {
662
+ "sentence": "However, Shqiprim Arifi, the mayor of Pre\u0161evo in south Serbia, refused to hold a commemoration in the Albanian-majority city",
663
+ "refs": [
664
+ "https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/vucic-blames-kurti-for-police-ambush-murder-monastery-standoff-in-north/",
665
+ "https://euronews.al/en/serbia-declares-day-of-mourning-following-tragic-events-in-kosovo/"
666
+ ]
667
+ }
668
+ ],
669
+ "subsections": []
670
+ },
671
+ {
672
+ "section_title": "International",
673
+ "section_content": [],
674
+ "subsections": []
675
+ }
676
+ ]
677
+ }
678
+ ],
679
+ "references": {
680
+ "1": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66905091",
681
+ "2": "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/ausland/kosovo-und-serbien-bisher-schwerste-zusammenstoesse-19198614.html",
682
+ "3": "https://www.botasot.info/aktuale-lajme/2057555/raportohet-se-njesia-speciale-ka-hyre-brenda-manastirit-te-banjskes/",
683
+ "4": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-66905091",
684
+ "5": "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230924-fighting-ongoing-after-police-officer-killed-in-attack-in-north-kosovo",
685
+ "6": "https://klankosova.tv/kurti-policia-e-kosoves-konfiskoi-sot-qindra-arme-dhe-municione/",
686
+ "7": "https://www.ft.com/content/2a99e631-dc6e-4788-b1f0-d021c9694add",
687
+ "8": "https://klankosova.tv/drejtori-i-policise-ne-mesin-e-te-dyshuarve-ka-qene-edhe-milan-radojciqi/",
688
+ "9": "https://indeksonline.net/ekskluzive-plagoset-milan-radojicic/",
689
+ "10": "https://telegrafi.com/mediumi-boshnjak-millan-radoiciq-ishte-plagosur-gjate-sulmit-terrorist-ne-veri-te-kosoves/",
690
+ "11": "https://kallxo.com/lajm/detaje-per-aksionin-e-policise-dhe-municionet-qe-u-gjeten-ne-banjske/",
691
+ "12": "https://www.zeriamerikes.com/a/7283124.html",
692
+ "13": "https://www.espreso.co.rs/vesti/politika/1373833/uzivo-predsednik-vucic-se-obraca-narodu-povodom-nemira-na-kosmetu",
693
+ "14": "https://de.euronews.com/2023/09/24/kosovarischer-polizist-offenbar-von-serbischer-kampftruppe-erschossen",
694
+ "15": "https://www.botasot.info/aktuale-lajme/2058105/dalin-pamjet-nga-momenti-kur-terroristet-serbe-ikin-maleve-nga-policia-e-kosoves/",
695
+ "16": "https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/09/24/Police-officer-killed-in-attack-in-north-kosovo-",
696
+ "17": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/kosovo-police-officer-killed-wounded-attack-north-raising-103442682",
697
+ "18": "https://albaniandailynews.com/news/kosovo-accuses-serbia-of-involvement-in-paramilitary-ambush",
698
+ "19": "https://www.rferl.org/a/kosovo-police-officer-killed-serb-north-kurti/32606755.html",
699
+ "20": "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230930-kosovo-on-edge-after-deadly-clashes-stir-unease",
700
+ "21": "https://balkaninsight.com/2023/09/27/kosovo-frees-four-serbs-after-clashes-alleges-new-serbia-link/",
701
+ "22": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/kosovo-accuses-serbia-direct-involvement-deadly-clashes-investigates-103561899",
702
+ "23": "https://www.koha.net/en/arboretum/393050/ra%C5%A1i%C4%87-two-attackers-killed%2C-one-injured-and-one-arrested/",
703
+ "24": "https://telegrafi.com/svecla-gjashte-terroriste-po-trajtohen-ne-novi-pazar-serbia-ti-dorezoje-ata/",
704
+ "25": "https://klankosova.tv/krejt-arsenali-i-armatimit-qe-u-kap-nga-policia-ne-veri/",
705
+ "26": "https://telegrafi.com/arrestohen-edhe-dy-persona-ne-veri-konfiskohet-arsenal-armesh/",
706
+ "27": "https://euronews.al/en/european-parliament-approves-resolution-for-serbias-attack-on-banjska/",
707
+ "28": "https://www.koha.net/arberi/393232/kurti-serbia-te-mbahet-plotesisht-pergjegjese-per-sulmet-ne-veri/",
708
+ "29": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230926131538/https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/kosovo-high-representative-borrell-speaks-prime-minister-kurti-and-president-vu%C4%8Di%C4%87-following-attack_en",
709
+ "30": "https://www.evropaelire.org/a/kurti-dialogu-kosove-serbi-/32002310.html",
710
+ "31": "https://www.evropaelire.org/a/serbet-veri-doreheqje-/32118880.html",
711
+ "32": "https://www.evropaelire.org/a/takimi-presidentja-lideret-partite-zgjedhjet-veri-/32130241.html",
712
+ "33": "https://n1info.rs/english/news/kosovo-president-postpones-elections-in-north-kosovo-for-april/",
713
+ "34": "https://www.voanews.com/a/serbs-in-north-kosovo-boycott-local-elections/7062493.html",
714
+ "35": "https://kosovotwopointzero.com/cka-treguan-zgjedhjet-ne-veri/",
715
+ "36": "https://balkaninsight.com/2023/05/29/kosovo-serbs-continue-protests-against-new-mayors-in-north/",
716
+ "37": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/24/gunmen-northern-kosovo-monastery-albin-kurti",
717
+ "38": "https://english.alarabiya.net/News/world/2023/09/24/Police-officer-killed-in-attack-in-north-kosovo-",
718
+ "39": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230924093105/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/24/one-police-officer-killed-in-kosovo-attack-blamed-on-serbia",
719
+ "40": "https://www.rferl.org/a/kosovo-police-officer-killed-serb-north-kurti/32606755.html",
720
+ "41": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/30/vucic-wants-war-kosovo-pm-accuses-belgrade-of-inciting-violence",
721
+ "42": "https://eparhija-prizren.com/en/news/urgent-announcement-of-the-diocese-of-raska-prizren-regarding-the-armed-conflict-near-banjska-monastery/",
722
+ "43": "https://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/573391/Eparhija-rasko-prizrenska-povodom-oruzanog-sukoba-pored-manastira-Banjske",
723
+ "44": "https://www.ft.com/content/2a99e631-dc6e-4788-b1f0-d021c9694add",
724
+ "45": "https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/kosovo-serbien-waffen-arsenal-100.html",
725
+ "46": "https://apnews.com/article/kosovo-serbia-gunmen-tension-mourning-monastery-attack-4c381bcd34374d81d59adb3a473925b4",
726
+ "47": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/25/kosovo-demands-serbia-hand-over-escaped-serb-gunmen",
727
+ "48": "https://balkaninsight.com/2023/10/04/belgrade-court-rejects-detention-for-kosovo-serb-kingpin-radoicic/",
728
+ "49": "https://bnn-news.com/monastery-attack-escalates-kosovo-serbia-conflict-249809",
729
+ "50": "https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/31/europe/albin-kurti-kosovo-serbia-interview-intl/index.html",
730
+ "51": "https://www.evropaelire.org/a/arrestim-sulm-veri-shtetas-serbia-/32608720.html",
731
+ "52": "https://apnews.com/article/kosovo-serbia-clashes-raid-police-f671bd21560f60bdca72d2daf7ce50ef",
732
+ "53": "https://kallxo.com/lajm/video-publikohen-pamje-nga-droni-svecla-radojciq-shihet-ne-mesin-e-grupit-terrorist/",
733
+ "54": "https://balkaninsight.com/2019/10/16/serbias-president-was-real-loser-in-kosovo-election/",
734
+ "55": "https://euronews.al/vucic-mbron-terroristet-radoicic-eshte-nje-luftetar-per-liri/",
735
+ "56": "https://balkaninsight.com/2023/09/29/kosovo-serb-kingpin-radoicic-takes-responsibility-for-weekend-shootout/",
736
+ "57": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/serbian-authorities-detained-alleged-organizer-recent-shootout-kosovo-103686267",
737
+ "58": "https://telegrafi.com/arrestohet-milan-radoiciq/",
738
+ "59": "https://telegrafi.com/svecla-arrestimi-radoiciqit-eshte-nje-farse/",
739
+ "60": "https://www.tagesspiegel.de/internationales/serbischer-angriff-im-kosovo-radelsfuhrer-milan-radoicic-aus-haft-entlassen-10570240.html",
740
+ "61": "https://kosovapress.com/en/afrim-bunjaku-shpallet-hero-i-kosoves/",
741
+ "62": "https://euronews.al/en/president-osmani-posthumously-awards-hero-of-the-nation-medal-to-afrim-bunjaku/",
742
+ "63": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/kosovo-police-officer-killed-wounded-attack-north-raising-103442682",
743
+ "64": "https://www.tiranatimes.com/?p=153982",
744
+ "65": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/serbia-investigate-killing-policeman-northern-kosovo-vucic-2023-09-28/",
745
+ "66": "https://euronews.al/en/svecla-one-of-the-slain-attackers-in-banjska-was-vulins-guard-in-2013/",
746
+ "67": "https://indeksonline.net/ekskluzive-trupat-e-dy-serbeve-te-vrare-ne-veturen-e-policise-se-kosoves/?mibextid=Zxz2cZ",
747
+ "68": "https://www.kuvendikosoves.org/shq/punesimi/per-publikun/lajmi/kuvendi-miratoi-rezoluten-nepermjet-se-ciles-33382/",
748
+ "69": "https://euronews.al/en/kosovo-seeks-international-inquiry-into-serbias-involvement-in-banjska-attack/",
749
+ "70": "https://www.koha.net/arberi/394305/ps-ja-e-opozita-ne-shqiperi-behen-bashke-per-kosoven/",
750
+ "71": "https://telegrafi.com/parlamenti-shqiperise-miraton-rezoluten-per-kosoven-101-vota-pro/",
751
+ "72": "https://europeanwesternbalkans.com/2023/10/19/ep-adopts-resolution-on-banjska-calls-for-measures-against-serbian-government-if-its-involvement-is-proven/",
752
+ "73": "https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20231013IPR07135/serbia-and-kosovo-must-work-to-de-escalate-the-situation-in-northern-kosovo",
753
+ "74": "https://telegrafi.com/kurti-mirepret-rezoluten-e-pe-se-shume-siguri-per-kosoven-serbise-iu-kerkua-largimi-bazave-ushtarake-pergjate-kufirit/",
754
+ "75": "https://telegrafi.com/videot-e-reja-nga-kosova-tronditin-serbine-si-raportuan-mediat-rajonale-pamjet-e-fundit-te-publikuara-nga-policia-e-kosoves/",
755
+ "76": "https://telegrafi.com/kurti-terroristet-qe-kryen-sulmet-ne-veri-u-trajnuan-ne-nje-nga-bazat-kryesore-te-ushtrise-serbe/",
756
+ "77": "https://telegrafi.com/kurti-sulmi-terrorist-ne-veri-kishte-qellim-aneksimin-e-veriut-te-kosoves/",
757
+ "78": "https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/kosovo-serbien-militaer-usa-1.6263339",
758
+ "79": "https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/europa/kosovo-serbien-usa-truppenaufmarsch-grenze-100.html",
759
+ "80": "https://telegrafi.com/shba-kerkoi-serbise-terheq-trupat-nga-kufiri-kosoven-osmani-te-perkushtuar-per-te-punuar-ngushte-shba-ne-dhe-nato-n/",
760
+ "81": "https://telegrafi.com/shba-kerkoi-nga-serbia-te-terheq-ushtrine-nga-kufiri-kosoven-reagon-edi-rama/",
761
+ "82": "https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/kosovo-serbien-militaer-usa-1.6263339",
762
+ "83": "https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/vojni-konvoj-jug-srbije-predejane/32617049.html",
763
+ "84": "https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/02/europe/serbia-president-aleksandar-vucic-amanpour-interview-intl/index.html",
764
+ "85": "https://apnews.com/article/kosovo-serbia-clashes-raid-police-f671bd21560f60bdca72d2daf7ce50ef",
765
+ "86": "https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/konflikte-sorge-im-kosovo-baerbock-warnt-vor-eskalation-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-231001-99-402441",
766
+ "87": "https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2023-10/bundesverteidigungsminister-boris-pistorius-kosovo-serbien",
767
+ "88": "https://www.dw.com/de/rum%C3%A4nien-schickt-soldaten-zur-verst%C3%A4rkung-in-den-kosovo/a-66991032",
768
+ "89": "https://telegrafi.com/musliu-serbia-po-nderton-baze-ushtarake-afer-kufirit-kosoven/",
769
+ "90": "https://balkaninsight.com/2023/09/24/kosovo-pm-accuses-serbia-backed-gunmen-of-shooting-kosovo-policemen/",
770
+ "91": "https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2023-09/kosovo-angreifer-serbien-albin-kurti?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F",
771
+ "92": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/24/one-police-officer-killed-in-kosovo-attack-blamed-on-serbia",
772
+ "93": "https://www.gazetaexpress.com/vjen-reagimi-i-familjes-se-policit-qe-u-vra-sot-ne-veri/",
773
+ "94": "https://24sedam.rs/politika/vesti/246044/oglasio-se-clan-porodice-stradalog-policajca-sa-kim/vest",
774
+ "95": "https://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/573404/Clanova-porodice-policajca-ubijenog-na-severu-Kosova-pozvali-premijera-tkz-Kosova-da-ne-ugrozava-vise-zivote",
775
+ "96": "https://euronews.al/en/serbia-declares-day-of-mourning-following-tragic-events-in-kosovo/",
776
+ "97": "https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230926-kosovo-court-remands-suspects-in-police-ambush-standoff",
777
+ "98": "https://apnews.com/article/kosovo-serbia-dialogue-tensions-eu-us-eda7a7e4114b9f4005d218d34f5a9912",
778
+ "99": "https://www.slobodnaevropa.org/a/32607171.html",
779
+ "100": "https://kossev.info/vucic-o-banjskoj-srbi-sa-kim-se-pobunili-naseli-na-kurtijevu-provokaciju-bojazan-da-je-i-cetvrti-stradao/",
780
+ "101": "https://mondo.rs/Info/Srbija/a1833368/Uzivo-Aleksandar-Vucic-o-situaciji-na-Kosovu-i-Metohiji.html",
781
+ "102": "https://www.barrons.com/news/serbia-holds-day-of-mourning-after-clashes-in-kosovo-a29c522e",
782
+ "103": "https://www.danas.rs/vesti/politika/vucic-povodom-situacije-na-kosovu-srbi-se-pobunili-protiv-kurtijevog-terora/",
783
+ "104": "https://www.politika.rs/sr/clanak/573441/Predsednik-Vucic-Ovo-je-jedan-od-najtezih-dana-za-nas-narod-i-nasu-zemlju",
784
+ "105": "https://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics.php?yyyy=2023&mm=09&dd=29&nav_id=116727",
785
+ "106": "https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/vucic-blames-kurti-for-police-ambush-murder-monastery-standoff-in-north/",
786
+ "107": "https://www.gazetaexpress.com/sinani-tha-se-presheva-mbajti-zi-per-terroristet-reagon-shqiprim-arifi/",
787
+ "108": "https://www.botasot.info/lajme/2069159/vuciq-na-ka-borxh-pergjigje-konkrete-presidenti-kroat-nga-tirana-i-kerkon-llogari-serbise-per-banjsken/",
788
+ "109": "https://www.koha.net/arberi/393464/rama-be-ja-ta-denoje-diten-e-zise-ne-serbi/",
789
+ "110": "https://telegrafi.com/shqiperia-nuk-pajtohet-ne-per-kosoven-rama-deklarata-e-borrell-nuk-pergjigjet-realitetit/",
790
+ "111": "https://telegrafi.com/berisha-vuciqin-rajoni-nuk-te-gjeje-paqe/",
791
+ "112": "https://telegrafi.com/ministrat-shqiptare-te-jashtem-dhe-te-brendshem-nisen-per-ne-prishtine-homazhe-ne-nder-te-deshmorit-afrim-bunjaku/",
792
+ "113": "https://zeri.info/aktuale/508391/parlamenti-i-shqiperise-nderon-heroin-afrim-bunjaku-nis-seancen-me-nje-minute-heshtje/",
793
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json/Barbie__The_Album.json ADDED
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+ {
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+ "title": "Barbie:_The_Album",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbie:_The_Album",
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+ "summary": "Barbie the Album is the soundtrack album for the 2023 film Barbie, directed by Greta Gerwig. It was released by Atlantic Records on July 21, 2023, the same day as the film's North American theatrical release. The album was produced by Mark Ronson, Kevin Weaver, and Brandon Davis. It was met with generally favorable reviews from critics.\nThe album was promoted by the release of five singles; the album's lead single \"Dance the Night\" by Dua Lipa topped the charts in 10 countries including the UK and Ireland as well as reaching the top ten in 25 countries including the US. The second single \"Barbie World\", a collaboration by Nicki Minaj and Ice Spice with Aqua, reached the top ten in 15 territories including the UK and US. A third single \"Speed Drive\" by Charli XCX was a top ten hit in the UK and Ireland. The fourth single \"What Was I Made For?\" by Billie Eilish topped the charts in the UK, Ireland, Switzerland, and Australia, and entered the top ten in 15 countries. Ava Max's \"Choose Your Fighter\" was serviced to airplay radio as the album's fifth and final single on July 28, 2023.\nUpon release, the album was met with critical and commercial success. It debuted at number one in Australia, Canada, the Netherlands and New Zealand and reached the top ten in Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Switzerland, and the United States. At the 66th Annual Grammy Awards, the album was nominated for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media, while four of its songs (\"Dance the Night\", \"Barbie World\", \"What Was I Made For?\", and \"I'm Just Ken\") received nominations for Best Song Written for Visual Media. \"Dance the Night\" and \"What Was I Made For?\" were additionally nominated for Song of the Year and the latter for Record of the Year.",
5
+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Background",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On May 25, 2023, Rolling Stone reported that the Barbie soundtrack would be produced by Mark Ronson and would feature original songs by Ava Max, Charli XCX, Dominic Fike, Fifty Fifty, Gayle, Haim, Ice Spice, Kaliii, Karol G, Khalid, the Kid Laroi, Lizzo, Nicki Minaj, PinkPantheress, Tame Impala, and cast members Dua Lipa and Ryan Gosling, with additional surprise artists being revealed at a later date",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "That evening, the soundtrack's partial tracklist was released",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/barbie-soundtrack-announced-dua-lipa-lizzo-more-1234741923/",
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+ "https://www.billboard.com/culture/tv-film/barbie-movie-soundtrack-lineup-lizzo-fifty-fifty-ice-spice-1235340283/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On July 6, 2023, Billie Eilish was announced as the soundtrack's first surprise artist",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Eilish's inclusion on the album had been speculated after she posted a neon pink Barbie sign on her Instagram account a week prior",
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+ "refs": [
27
+ "https://time.com/6291930/barbie-soundtrack-mark-ronson-interview/",
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+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/billie-eilish-new-song-barbie-soundtrack-what-was-i-made-for-1235367616/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On July 10, Sam Smith was announced as the soundtrack's second surprise artist",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.instagram.com/p/Ct-buaPJrJl/"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Production",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Before signing on to the Barbie project, producer Mark Ronson received a text message from his friend, Barbie music supervisor George Drakoulias, that simply stated, \"Barbie?\" Before Barbie rehearsals could begin in two weeks' time, director Greta Gerwig needed a disco song that would form the basis of highly-choregraphed dance number",
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+ "refs": [
46
+ "https://apnews.com/article/barbie-soundtrack-mark-ronson-f7b8ef9faf406a30576392197e72d237",
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+ "https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2023/07/singing-im-just-ken-in-barbie-was-ryan-goslings-idea"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "She sent Ronson a playlist of what she had in mind for the soundtrack\u2014\"guilty pleasure music\" or \"Peloton pop\"\u2014including songs from Andrea True Connection and Xanadu",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Ronson and colleague Andrew Wyatt created a backing track that Gerwig loved and used for the cast's dance rehearsals",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://time.com/6291930/barbie-soundtrack-mark-ronson-interview/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "This song would later become \"Dance the Night\" by Dua Lipa",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Over the course of a year, Ronson was tasked with curating a soundtrack that matched Gerwig's vision for Barbie",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Gerwig and Ronson made a \"wish list\" of artists they wanted on the soundtrack, and as the film was being edited in post-production, they would show scenes from the film to these artists",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Ronson stated, \"Everybody would watch the scene and come back a week or two weeks later, and got exactly to the heart of everything we were trying to do.\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://time.com/6291930/barbie-soundtrack-mark-ronson-interview/",
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+ "https://apnews.com/article/barbie-soundtrack-mark-ronson-f7b8ef9faf406a30576392197e72d237",
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+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-features/barbie-soundtrack-mark-ronson-margot-robbie-greta-gerwig-dua-lipa-nicki-minaj-1234775067/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In April 2022, Aqua's manager Ulrich M\u00f8ller-J\u00f8rgensen stated that the band's 1997 hit \"Barbie Girl\" would not be included on the film\u2019s soundtrack",
82
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "However, actress Margot Robbie, who plays Barbie, reportedly begged Gerwig to include the song in the film, and Gerwig assured Robbie that she would find a way to incorporate the song in \"a cool way.\" Nicki Minaj and Ice Spice were then signed to perform a remix of the song for the soundtrack, titled \"Barbie World\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://variety.com/2022/film/news/barbie-girl-movie-aqua-1235254222/",
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+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-features/barbie-soundtrack-mark-ronson-margot-robbie-greta-gerwig-dua-lipa-nicki-minaj-1234775067/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Aqua are credited as both co-writers and performers on the track",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Release",
100
+ "section_content": [
101
+ {
102
+ "sentence": "Barbie the Album was released on July 21, 2023",
103
+ "refs": []
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+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "sentence": "In addition to several variants of vinyl records and cassette tapes offered on the soundtrack's official website, the album was also released in exclusive colors and designs for Target, Walmart, Barnes & Noble, Amazon, Hot Topic, and Urban Outfitters",
107
+ "refs": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "sentence": "Ahead of the soundtrack's release, official listening parties were held at select record stores in the United States, Latin America, and Europe on July 18",
111
+ "refs": [
112
+ "https://twitter.com/barbiethemovie/status/1677407141332914179",
113
+ "https://thevinylfactory.com/news/barbie-movie-vinyl/"
114
+ ]
115
+ }
116
+ ],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
119
+ "section_title": "Singles",
120
+ "section_content": [
121
+ {
122
+ "sentence": "On May 22, 2023, English-Albanian singer Dua Lipa announced that her single \"Dance the Night\" would be released at midnight on Friday May 26 BST",
123
+ "refs": []
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "sentence": "The accompanying music video was also released that day and included a cameo by Gerwig",
127
+ "refs": [
128
+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/dua-lipa-barbie-song-dance-the-night-snippet-1235333690/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Ronson shared a screenshot of a direct message he sent to Lipa on Instagram in 2022, asking her to co-write and perform a song on the soundtrack for a \"huge 60-person dance number\", which would later become \"Dance the Night\"",
133
+ "refs": [
134
+ "https://pitchfork.com/news/dua-lipa-shares-new-barbie-song-dance-the-night-watch-the-video/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
138
+ "sentence": "\"Dance the Night\" peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart and number six on the US Billboard Hot 100",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.instagram.com/p/CstoQd5pMIO/",
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+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mark-ronson-dua-lipa-barbie-soundtrack-dm-1234743274/"
142
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
145
+ "sentence": "The following week on June 2, Colombian singer Karol G released the soundtrack's first promotional single \"Watati\"",
146
+ "refs": []
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+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "sentence": "Rolling Stone reported that Karol G had visited Ronson's studio to watch scenes from the film on April 15, 2023, the same day she performed on Saturday Night Live",
150
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.etonline.com/new-music-friday-june-2-kelly-clarkson-the-weeknd-foo-fighters-and-more-205749"
152
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
155
+ "sentence": "The accompanying music video for the single was released on June 15",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-features/barbie-soundtrack-mark-ronson-margot-robbie-greta-gerwig-dua-lipa-nicki-minaj-1234775067/"
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+ ]
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+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "\"Watati\" charted in Spain and various Latin American countries, peaking at number two in Panama and number four in Honduras",
162
+ "refs": [
163
+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/karol-g-barbie-world-watati-music-video-1235355389/"
164
+ ]
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "sentence": "The soundtrack's second promotional single, \"Angel\" by English singer PinkPantheress, was released one week later on June 9",
168
+ "refs": [
169
+ "http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/honduras/General/20230710"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
173
+ "sentence": "On June 10, Trinidadian rapper Nicki Minaj and American rapper Ice Spice announced that their single \"Barbie World\" would be released on June 23",
174
+ "refs": []
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "The soundtrack's second single, it is performed by the two rappers and remixes the 1997 song \"Barbie Girl\" by Danish band Aqua, who are also credited as performers",
178
+ "refs": [
179
+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-ice-spice-aqua-barbie-world-release-date-1235350998/"
180
+ ]
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+ },
182
+ {
183
+ "sentence": "The music video, which featured Barbie likenesses of Minaj and Ice Spice, was also released on June 23",
184
+ "refs": [
185
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/nicki-minaj-ice-spice-barbie-world-1234776659/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
189
+ "sentence": "\"Barbie World\" debuted at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 and peaked at number four on the UK Singles Chart",
190
+ "refs": [
191
+ "https://people.com/barbie-world-music-video-ice-spice-nicki-minaj-7552482"
192
+ ]
193
+ },
194
+ {
195
+ "sentence": "English singer Charli XCX released \"Speed Drive\" on June 29, which was serviced to Italian radio on June 30 as the soundtrack's third single",
196
+ "refs": []
197
+ },
198
+ {
199
+ "sentence": "The song peaked at number 9 on the UK Singles Chart",
200
+ "refs": [
201
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/charli-xcx-speed-drive-barbie-soundtrack-single-1234781175/",
202
+ "https://uproxx.com/pop/charli-xcx-speed-drive-barbie/",
203
+ "https://radiodate.it/radio-date/charli-xcx-speed-drive-from-barbie-the-album-235368-30-06-2023-radiodate/"
204
+ ]
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+ },
206
+ {
207
+ "sentence": "On July 6, South Korean girl group Fifty Fifty released the soundtrack's third promotional single, \"Barbie Dreams\" featuring American rapper Kaliii",
208
+ "refs": [
209
+ "http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/21419/charli-xcx/"
210
+ ]
211
+ },
212
+ {
213
+ "sentence": "American singer Billie Eilish was revealed to be the first surprise artist of the soundtrack on July 6",
214
+ "refs": []
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+ },
216
+ {
217
+ "sentence": "That day, she announced that her song \"What Was I Made For?\" and its accompanying music video would be released as the soundtrack's fourth single on July 13",
218
+ "refs": []
219
+ },
220
+ {
221
+ "sentence": "Eilish teased the single in a July 12 tweet previewing the music video",
222
+ "refs": [
223
+ "https://time.com/6291930/barbie-soundtrack-mark-ronson-interview/",
224
+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/billie-eilish-new-song-barbie-soundtrack-what-was-i-made-for-1235367616/"
225
+ ]
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "sentence": "\"What Was I Made For?\" peaked at number 14 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number one on the UK Singles Chart",
229
+ "refs": [
230
+ "https://twitter.com/billieeilish/status/1679204751941177344"
231
+ ]
232
+ },
233
+ {
234
+ "sentence": "The second surprise artist of the soundtrack was revealed to be English singer Sam Smith on July 10",
235
+ "refs": []
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+ },
237
+ {
238
+ "sentence": "Their song \"Man I Am\" was released alongside the album as its fourth promotional single on July 21, peaking at number 58 on the UK Singles Chart",
239
+ "refs": [
240
+ "https://www.billboard.com/culture/pride/sam-smith-barbie-song-man-i-am-announced-1235369036/"
241
+ ]
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "On July 28, \"Choose Your Fighter\" by American singer Ava Max was serviced to Italian radio as the fifth single from the soundtrack, and entered the UK Singles Chart at number 90",
245
+ "refs": []
246
+ }
247
+ ],
248
+ "subsections": []
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+ },
250
+ {
251
+ "section_title": "Best Weekend Ever Edition",
252
+ "section_content": [
253
+ {
254
+ "sentence": "On the same day as the soundtrack's release, a cover of Indigo Girls' \"Closer to Fine\" performed by Brandi Carlile and her wife Catherine Carlile and a cover of Matchbox Twenty's \"Push\" performed by Ryan Gosling were released as part of the deluxe edition of the soundtrack, titled Best Weekend Ever Edition",
255
+ "refs": []
256
+ }
257
+ ],
258
+ "subsections": []
259
+ }
260
+ ]
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "section_title": "Critical reception",
264
+ "section_content": [
265
+ {
266
+ "sentence": "Barbie the Album received a score of 69 out of 100 on review aggregator Metacritic based on 13 critics' reviews, indicating \"generally favorable\" reception",
267
+ "refs": []
268
+ },
269
+ {
270
+ "sentence": "Many critics cited the album's diversity of sound",
271
+ "refs": [
272
+ "https://www.metacritic.com/music/barbie-the-album/various-artists"
273
+ ]
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "sentence": "Jim Pollock of AP News called it an \"eclectic sprawl of a soundtrack that can be enjoyed from start to finish.\" He also noted, \"The soundtrack works because the contributors understood the assignment",
277
+ "refs": []
278
+ },
279
+ {
280
+ "sentence": "Collectively, they deliver a dreamhouse of songs that are each at least a little better than they have to be",
281
+ "refs": []
282
+ },
283
+ {
284
+ "sentence": "The tracks succeed both as cinematic elements and as standalone songs",
285
+ "refs": []
286
+ },
287
+ {
288
+ "sentence": "The result is a worthy, danceable bookend to the classic Saturday Night Fever soundtrack of a generation before.\" On the contrary, some critics felt that the album lacked coherence",
289
+ "refs": []
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "sentence": "Adam White of The Independent called the soundtrack \"erratic\" and noted that tracks like \"Home\" by Haim and \"What Was I Made For?\" by Billie Eilish felt \"slightly jarring when surrounded by hot-pink boppery, like a pair of Negative Nancys showing up to spoil your birthday party.\"",
293
+ "refs": [
294
+ "https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/barbie-soundtrack-review-billie-eilish-b2377306.html"
295
+ ]
296
+ },
297
+ {
298
+ "sentence": "Some critics have emphasized the album as a commercial operation and not an artistic one",
299
+ "refs": []
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "sentence": "Shaad D'Souza of The Guardian found in the project an \"union of art and advertising\" writing that it \"makes it clear that there are charts to beat, goals to reach, and, of course, dolls to sell\" believing that \"someone like PC Music head and Beyonc\u00e9 collaborator A",
303
+ "refs": []
304
+ },
305
+ {
306
+ "sentence": "G",
307
+ "refs": []
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "Cook might have been able to do for the album what Gerwig has supposedly done for her film, bringing self-referential, existentialist pathos to mainstream art\"",
311
+ "refs": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "sentence": "D'Souza also points out that it is a \"pretty good promo for many of the pop A-listers signed to Warner Music Group (Dua Lipa, Lizzo, Charli XCX), as well as some of the C-listers (Gayle, Ava Max).\"",
315
+ "refs": [
316
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/jul/21/barbie-the-album-review-a-cynical-exercise-in-corporate-synergy"
317
+ ]
318
+ },
319
+ {
320
+ "sentence": "Negative reviews also felt that the album contained several weak links",
321
+ "refs": []
322
+ },
323
+ {
324
+ "sentence": "Outside of \"a few cute selections\" like PinkPantheress's \"Angel\" and Dua Lipa's \"Dance the Night\" and \"more clever than the rest of Barbie\u2019s selections\" Charli XCX's \"Speed Drive\", Cat Zhang of Pitchfork stated that \"these throwaway products should largely be left on the shelf\"",
325
+ "refs": []
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "sentence": "Tom\u00e1s Mier of Rolling Stone stated that Khalid's \"Silver Platter\" and The Kid Laroi's \"Forever & Again\" \"felt out of place on the record and [didn't] enhance the LP\u2019s Kendom portion.\" Madeline Roth of The Daily Beast wrote, \"It's not as excellent or as fine-tuned as it could have been, thanks to a few busted interlopers, but there\u2019s plenty to enjoy as the Summer of Barbie rages on.\" Alex Rigotti of NME wrote, \"The soundtrack has some wonderful highs and some miserable lows \u2013 but then again, it\u2019s not all rosy in Barbie Land.\"",
329
+ "refs": [
330
+ "https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/various-artists-barbie-the-album/",
331
+ "https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/barbie-the-album-review-1234792110/",
332
+ "https://www.thedailybeast.com/obsessed/barbie-soundtrack-review-a-pop-playhouse-that-shouldve-kicked-a-few-dolls-out",
333
+ "https://www.nme.com/reviews/album/barbie-soundtrack-review-film-3471113"
334
+ ]
335
+ },
336
+ {
337
+ "sentence": "Reviewing the film, Courtney Howard of The A.V",
338
+ "refs": []
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "sentence": "Club wrote, \"Mark Ronson and Andrew Wyatt's pop soundscape bolsters the synthetic atmosphere in Barbie Land, but they thread the needle perfectly in the Real World, blending musical themes from Billie Eilish's ballad 'What Was I Made For?' to land the palpably moving moments.\"",
342
+ "refs": [
343
+ "https://www.avclub.com/barbie-movie-review-margot-robbie-greta-gerwig-1850646537"
344
+ ]
345
+ },
346
+ {
347
+ "sentence": "In September, Rolling Stone listed the soundtrack as one of the best albums of 2023 so far",
348
+ "refs": []
349
+ }
350
+ ],
351
+ "subsections": []
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "section_title": "Commercial performance",
355
+ "section_content": [
356
+ {
357
+ "sentence": "In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number one on the Official Compilations Chart and had six songs enter the Top 40 on the Official Singles Chart",
358
+ "refs": []
359
+ },
360
+ {
361
+ "sentence": "It also become the first soundtrack album to have three songs on the Top 5 of the Singles Charts simultaneously: \"What Was I Made For?\" (3), \"Dance the Night\" (4), and \"Barbie World\" (5)",
362
+ "refs": []
363
+ },
364
+ {
365
+ "sentence": "In the United States, the album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 in the issue dated August 5, 2023",
366
+ "refs": [
367
+ "https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/this-barbies-a-record-breaker-barbie-becomes-first-film-soundtrack-to-land-three-top-5/"
368
+ ]
369
+ },
370
+ {
371
+ "sentence": "The album opened with 126,000 album-equivalent units, of which 70,000 were streaming equivalent album, 53,000 were pure album sales, and 3,000 were track equivalent album",
372
+ "refs": []
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+ }
374
+ ],
375
+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
378
+ "section_title": "Accolades",
379
+ "section_content": [],
380
+ "subsections": []
381
+ },
382
+ {
383
+ "section_title": "Track listing",
384
+ "section_content": [
385
+ {
386
+ "sentence": "Notes",
387
+ "refs": []
388
+ }
389
+ ],
390
+ "subsections": []
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "section_title": "Personnel",
394
+ "section_content": [
395
+ {
396
+ "sentence": "All credits are adapted from CD liner notes",
397
+ "refs": []
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+ }
399
+ ],
400
+ "subsections": []
401
+ },
402
+ {
403
+ "section_title": "Charts",
404
+ "section_content": [],
405
+ "subsections": []
406
+ },
407
+ {
408
+ "section_title": "Certifications",
409
+ "section_content": [],
410
+ "subsections": []
411
+ },
412
+ {
413
+ "section_title": "Release history",
414
+ "section_content": [],
415
+ "subsections": []
416
+ },
417
+ {
418
+ "section_title": "Notes",
419
+ "section_content": [],
420
+ "subsections": []
421
+ },
422
+ {
423
+ "section_title": "References",
424
+ "section_content": [],
425
+ "subsections": []
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+ },
427
+ {
428
+ "section_title": "External links",
429
+ "section_content": [],
430
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432
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433
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+ "3": "https://uproxx.com/pop/barbie-the-album-soundtrack-partial-tracklist/",
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+ "4": "https://time.com/6291930/barbie-soundtrack-mark-ronson-interview/",
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+ "5": "https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/billie-eilish-new-song-barbie-soundtrack-what-was-i-made-for-1235367616/",
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+ "7": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Cuhx2t9NRd9/",
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+ "15": "https://twitter.com/barbiethemovie/status/1677407141332914179",
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+ "16": "https://thevinylfactory.com/news/barbie-movie-vinyl/",
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+ "17": "https://twitter.com/barbiethealbum/status/1679268898783346688",
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+ "18": "https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/dua-lipa-barbie-song-dance-the-night-snippet-1235333690/",
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+ "19": "https://pitchfork.com/news/dua-lipa-shares-new-barbie-song-dance-the-night-watch-the-video/",
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+ "20": "https://www.instagram.com/p/CstoQd5pMIO/",
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+ "21": "https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/mark-ronson-dua-lipa-barbie-soundtrack-dm-1234743274/",
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+ "22": "http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/48638/dua-lipa/",
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+ "23": "https://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/2023-07-29/",
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+ "24": "https://www.etonline.com/new-music-friday-june-2-kelly-clarkson-the-weeknd-foo-fighters-and-more-205749",
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+ "25": "https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/karol-g-barbie-world-watati-music-video-1235355389/",
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+ "26": "http://charts.monitorlatino.com/top20/Print/honduras/General/20230710",
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+ "33": "https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/charli-xcx-speed-drive-barbie-soundtrack-single-1234781175/",
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+ "34": "https://uproxx.com/pop/charli-xcx-speed-drive-barbie/",
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+ "35": "https://radiodate.it/radio-date/charli-xcx-speed-drive-from-barbie-the-album-235368-30-06-2023-radiodate/",
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+ "36": "http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/21419/charli-xcx/",
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+ "37": "https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/fifty-fifty-barbie-dreams-kaliii-barbie-soundtrack-1234783924/",
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+ "38": "https://twitter.com/billieeilish/status/1679204751941177344",
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+ "39": "https://www.billboard.com/artist/billie-eilish/chart-history/hsi/",
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+ "42": "http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/21501/sam-smith/",
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+ "43": "https://www.earone.it/news/ava_max_choose_your_fighter_radio_date_28_07_2023_78243102/",
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+ "44": "https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/54532/ava-max/",
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+ "45": "https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/ryan-gosling-matchbox-twenty-push-cover-barbie-ken-1234792952/",
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+ "46": "https://themessenger.com/entertainment/barbie-soundtrack-brandi-carlile-indigo-girls",
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+ "andrew wyatt"
909
+ ]
910
+ }
json/Candidates_Tournament_2022.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Candidates_Tournament_2022",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidates_Tournament_2022",
4
+ "summary": "The 2022 Candidates Tournament was an eight-player chess tournament to decide the challenger for the World Chess Championship 2023. The tournament took place at the Palacio de Santo\u00f1a in Madrid, Spain, from June 16 to July 5, 2022, with the World Championship finishing in April 2023. As with every Candidates tournament since 2013, it was a double round-robin tournament.The eight qualifiers were Ian Nepomniachtchi, Teimour Radjabov, Jan-Krzysztof Duda, Alireza Firouzja, Fabiano Caruana, Hikaru Nakamura, Rich\u00e1rd Rapport, and Ding Liren. Sergey Karjakin was originally a qualifier, but was disqualified for breaching the FIDE Code of Ethics after publicly expressing approval of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Karjakin was replaced by Ding, the highest-rated player who had not yet qualified.\nNepomniachtchi won the tournament undefeated with a round to spare and the highest score in any Candidates tournament since the modern format was introduced in 2013. This made him one of five players to win consecutive Candidates, the others being Vasily Smyslov, Boris Spassky, Viktor Korchnoi, and Anatoly Karpov. Ding ended up in second place, having pulled off a last-round victory against Nakamura who failed to hold the game to a draw that would have seen him finish in second place instead.\nNepomniachtchi was scheduled to play a match against Magnus Carlsen for the World Chess Championship. But after the tournament, Carlsen confirmed that he would not play, which he already had announced as likely after the World Chess Championship 2021. Instead Nepomniachtchi played Ding, the second-place finisher, for the world championship.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Participants",
8
+ "section_content": [],
9
+ "subsections": [
10
+ {
11
+ "section_title": "Qualification of Radjabov",
12
+ "section_content": [
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "Teimour Radjabov had qualified for the previous Candidates Tournament, which was scheduled to begin on 17 March 2020 in Russia",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "With the COVID-19 pandemic rapidly spreading around the world in early 2020, Radjabov privately asked FIDE to postpone the tournament",
19
+ "refs": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "FIDE refused to do so, so Radjabov withdrew on 6 March 2020",
23
+ "refs": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "sentence": "The tournament began on time, but after one week of play (half the matches completed) FIDE suspended the tournament anyway, citing public health restrictions imposed by the Russian government due to the pandemic",
27
+ "refs": [
28
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
29
+ ]
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "sentence": "With his concerns vindicated by the events, Radjabov called for his reinstatement into the 2020 tournament once it was rescheduled",
33
+ "refs": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "sentence": "FIDE again refused Radjabov's request, instead offering him a direct entry into the 2022 Candidates, which he accepted",
37
+ "refs": [
38
+ "https://fide.com/news/1097"
39
+ ]
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "sentence": "The 2020 Candidates was not completed until April 2021.",
43
+ "refs": [
44
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
45
+ ]
46
+ }
47
+ ],
48
+ "subsections": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "section_title": "Disqualification of Karjakin",
52
+ "section_content": [
53
+ {
54
+ "sentence": "Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Sergey Karjakin made numerous public statements praising the invasion, and shared Russian-government statements about the military action, which many commentators viewed as propaganda",
55
+ "refs": []
56
+ },
57
+ {
58
+ "sentence": "In March 2022, the FIDE Ethics and Disciplinary Commission ruled that Karjakin had breached the FIDE Code of Ethics with his statements, so banned him from playing FIDE-related tournaments for a period of six months, including the 2022 Candidates Tournament",
59
+ "refs": [
60
+ "https://en.chessbase.com/post/radjabov-retires-from-candidates-vachier-lagrave-to-jump-in",
61
+ "https://www.chess.com/news/view/teimour-radjabov-interview-fide-candidates-chess"
62
+ ]
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "sentence": "Karjakin had 21 days to appeal, though was unrepentant and said he did not see any point in doing so",
66
+ "refs": [
67
+ "https://en.chessbase.com/post/radjabov-retires-from-candidates-vachier-lagrave-to-jump-in"
68
+ ]
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "sentence": "Nevertheless, the Chess Federation of Russia filed an appeal on his behalf",
72
+ "refs": [
73
+ "https://www.fide.com/news/1650"
74
+ ]
75
+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "sentence": "On May 6, FIDE's Appeal Chamber upheld the decision",
78
+ "refs": [
79
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321232616/https://worldchess.com/news/all/gm-sergey-karjakin-is-banned-for-6-months-by-fide-ethics/"
80
+ ]
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "sentence": "Karjakin had the option of a further appeal to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, but none was submitted before the Candidates Tournament started.",
84
+ "refs": [
85
+ "https://www.chess.com/news/view/sergey-karjakin-banned-for-6-months",
86
+ "https://chess24.com/en/read/news/sergey-karjakin-banned-from-chess-for-6-months-over-ukraine-stance",
87
+ "https://chess24.com/en/read/news/sergey-karjakin-banned-from-chess-for-6-months-over-ukraine-stance"
88
+ ]
89
+ }
90
+ ],
91
+ "subsections": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "section_title": "Qualification of Ding Liren",
95
+ "section_content": [
96
+ {
97
+ "sentence": "Originally, no player would have qualified solely by their rating",
98
+ "refs": []
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "sentence": "However, following the ban of Karjakin, the rules stated the replacement would be the highest rated player who had not already qualified, based on the May 2022 rating list, with a requirement of having played at least 30 officially rated games between June 2021 and May 2022",
102
+ "refs": [
103
+ "https://ruchess.ru/en/news/all/cfr_to_appeal_fide_edc_s_decision_to_disqualify_sergey_karjakin/"
104
+ ]
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "sentence": "In the April 2022 rating list, the highest rated player (who was not world champion or already qualified) was Ding Liren with a rating of 2799",
108
+ "refs": [
109
+ "https://www.fide.com/news/1736"
110
+ ]
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "sentence": "However Ding had only played 4 of the required 30 rated games due to his inability to travel to tournaments outside China during the COVID-19 pandemic",
114
+ "refs": [
115
+ "https://www.fide.com/news/1650"
116
+ ]
117
+ },
118
+ {
119
+ "sentence": "Ding therefore needed to play at least 26 rated games in March and April, which would be incorporated into the May 2022 rating list",
120
+ "refs": [
121
+ "https://chess24.com/en/read/news/fide-dismisses-sergey-karjakin-s-appeal"
122
+ ]
123
+ },
124
+ {
125
+ "sentence": "He also needed to maintain his rating lead over the next highest non-qualifier \u2013 several other players could potentially have overtaken him, including Shakhriyar Mamedyarov and Levon Aronian",
126
+ "refs": []
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "sentence": "The Chinese Chess Association organized three different rated events at short notice, each involving Ding, thereby allowing him to meet the minimum games requirement",
130
+ "refs": [
131
+ "https://en.chessbase.com/post/qualification-criteria-candidates-2022"
132
+ ]
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "sentence": "A strong performance in those events meant he also increased his rating, moving up to #2 in the rating list",
136
+ "refs": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "sentence": "Once Karjakin's appeal was denied, Ding officially qualified for the Candidates Tournament",
140
+ "refs": [
141
+ "https://ratings.fide.com/toparc.phtml?cod=685"
142
+ ]
143
+ }
144
+ ],
145
+ "subsections": []
146
+ }
147
+ ]
148
+ },
149
+ {
150
+ "section_title": "Organization",
151
+ "section_content": [
152
+ {
153
+ "sentence": "The tournament was an eight-player, double round-robin tournament, meaning there were 14 rounds with each player facing the others twice: once with the black pieces and once with the white pieces",
154
+ "refs": []
155
+ },
156
+ {
157
+ "sentence": "The tournament winner qualified to play Magnus Carlsen for the World Championship in 2023",
158
+ "refs": []
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "However, Carlsen said following the previous championship in 2021 that, due to a lack of motivation, he might not defend his title unless the challenger was Alireza Firouzja, who rose to number two in the world rankings in 2021 at the age of 18",
162
+ "refs": []
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "sentence": "In April 2022, he went further, saying that he is unlikely to play, with no mention of any potential opponent",
166
+ "refs": [
167
+ "https://ratings.fide.com/toparc.phtml?cod=689"
168
+ ]
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "sentence": "After the tournament, FIDE gave a deadline of July 20, 2022 for Carlsen to make a decision before retracting it later calling it a \"misunderstanding\"",
172
+ "refs": [
173
+ "https://chess24.com/en/read/news/ding-liren-world-no-2-on-may-2022-fide-rating-list"
174
+ ]
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "However on July 20, Magnus Carlsen stated that he was unwilling to play, meaning that the top two finishers of the candidates played for the world championship in 2023",
178
+ "refs": []
179
+ },
180
+ {
181
+ "sentence": "Players from the same federation were required to play each other in the first rounds of each half to avoid collusion",
182
+ "refs": [
183
+ "https://handbook.fide.com/files/handbook/Regulations_for_the_FIDE_Candidates_Tournament_2022.pdf"
184
+ ]
185
+ },
186
+ {
187
+ "sentence": "The players affected in the 2022 Candidates were Fabiano Caruana and Hikaru Nakamura from the US; they faced each other in rounds 1 and 8.",
188
+ "refs": [
189
+ "https://en.chessbase.com/post/ding-liren-confirmed-to-play-in-the-candidates"
190
+ ]
191
+ }
192
+ ],
193
+ "subsections": [
194
+ {
195
+ "section_title": "Regulations",
196
+ "section_content": [
197
+ {
198
+ "sentence": "The time control was 120 minutes for the first 40 moves, 60 minutes for the next 20 moves, and then 15 minutes for the rest of the game, plus a 30-second increment per move starting from move 61",
199
+ "refs": []
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "sentence": "Players got 1 point for a win, \u00bd point for a draw and 0 points for a loss.",
203
+ "refs": []
204
+ },
205
+ {
206
+ "sentence": "While there was no tie for first place, such a situation would have been addressed as follows:",
207
+ "refs": [
208
+ "https://handbook.fide.com/files/handbook/Regulations_for_the_FIDE_Candidates_Tournament_2022.pdf"
209
+ ]
210
+ },
211
+ {
212
+ "sentence": "This was a change from previous candidates tournaments from 2013 to 2021, which used tie-breaks based on players' results in the tournament (such as results of head-to-head games between tied players, and number of wins)",
213
+ "refs": []
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "sentence": "Ties for places other than first were broken by, in order: (1) Sonneborn\u2013Berger score; (2) total number of wins; (3) head-to-head score among tied players; (4) drawing of lots.",
217
+ "refs": []
218
+ },
219
+ {
220
+ "sentence": "The prize money was \u20ac48,000 for first place, \u20ac36,000 for second place, and \u20ac24,000 for third place (with players on the same number of points sharing prize money, irrespective of tie-breaks), plus \u20ac3,500 per half-point for every player, for a total prize pool of \u20ac500,000",
221
+ "refs": []
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "sentence": "During the 2022 Chess Candidates tournament, the players were uncertain if Magnus Carlsen would defend or forfeit his World Chess Champion title",
225
+ "refs": []
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "sentence": "As such, it was not clear if the tournament's runner-up would become the challenger for the 2023 World Chess Championship title match until the event was over.",
229
+ "refs": []
230
+ }
231
+ ],
232
+ "subsections": []
233
+ }
234
+ ]
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "section_title": "Results",
238
+ "section_content": [],
239
+ "subsections": [
240
+ {
241
+ "section_title": "Standings",
242
+ "section_content": [
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "As world champion Carlsen announced after the tournament that he would not defend the world title, both first and second place advanced to the 2023 title match.",
245
+ "refs": []
246
+ },
247
+ {
248
+ "sentence": "Tie-breakers for first place: (1) results in tie-break games for first place;",
249
+ "refs": []
250
+ },
251
+ {
252
+ "sentence": "Tie breakers for non-first place: (1) results in tie-break games for first place, if any; (2) Sonneborn\u2013Berger score (SB); (3) total number of wins; (4) head-to-head score among tied players; (5) drawing of lots",
253
+ "refs": []
254
+ },
255
+ {
256
+ "sentence": "Note: Numbers in the crosstable in a white background indicate the result playing the respective opponent with the white pieces (black pieces if on a black background)",
257
+ "refs": []
258
+ },
259
+ {
260
+ "sentence": "This does not give information which of the two games was played in the first half of the tournament, and which in the second.",
261
+ "refs": []
262
+ }
263
+ ],
264
+ "subsections": []
265
+ },
266
+ {
267
+ "section_title": "Points by round",
268
+ "section_content": [
269
+ {
270
+ "sentence": "This table shows each player's cumulative difference between their number of wins and losses after each round",
271
+ "refs": []
272
+ },
273
+ {
274
+ "sentence": "Green backgrounds indicate the player(s) with the highest score after each round",
275
+ "refs": []
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "sentence": "Magenta backgrounds indicate player(s) who could no longer win the tournament after each round, while red backgrounds indicate those who could no longer finish second either.",
279
+ "refs": []
280
+ }
281
+ ],
282
+ "subsections": []
283
+ },
284
+ {
285
+ "section_title": "Results by round",
286
+ "section_content": [
287
+ {
288
+ "sentence": "In April 2022, FIDE announced pairings for the tournament",
289
+ "refs": []
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "sentence": "Tie-breaks, if they had been required, would have been played on 5 July",
293
+ "refs": [
294
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/22/chess-magnus-carlsen-unlikely-to-defend-crown-but-questions-remain"
295
+ ]
296
+ },
297
+ {
298
+ "sentence": "Since Nepomniachtchi had a decisive result, no tie breaks were actually played.",
299
+ "refs": []
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "sentence": "First named player is white",
303
+ "refs": []
304
+ },
305
+ {
306
+ "sentence": "1\u20130 indicates a white win, 0\u20131 indicates a black win, and \u00bd\u2013\u00bd indicates a draw",
307
+ "refs": []
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "Numbers in parentheses show players' scores prior to the round",
311
+ "refs": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "sentence": "Final column indicates opening played, sourced from The Week in Chess",
315
+ "refs": []
316
+ }
317
+ ],
318
+ "subsections": []
319
+ }
320
+ ]
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "section_title": "See also",
324
+ "section_content": [],
325
+ "subsections": []
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "section_title": "Notes",
329
+ "section_content": [],
330
+ "subsections": []
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "section_title": "References",
334
+ "section_content": [],
335
+ "subsections": []
336
+ },
337
+ {
338
+ "section_title": "External links",
339
+ "section_content": [],
340
+ "subsections": []
341
+ }
342
+ ],
343
+ "references": {
344
+ "14": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
345
+ "15": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
346
+ "17": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
347
+ "1": "https://fide.com/news/1646",
348
+ "2": "https://en.chessbase.com/post/fide-candidates-2022-announcement",
349
+ "3": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/dec/17/magnus-carlsen-chess-alireza-firouzja-world-title",
350
+ "4": "https://handbook.fide.com/files/handbook/Regulations_for_the_FIDE_Candidates_Tournament_2022.pdf",
351
+ "5": "https://www.chess.com/news/view/2022-fide-candidates-tournament-round-14",
352
+ "6": "https://www.chess.com/news/view/2022-fide-candidates-tournament-round-13",
353
+ "7": "https://www.chess.com/news/view/magnus-carlsen-not-to-defend-chess-world-title",
354
+ "8": "https://defector.com/magnus-carlsen-says-hell-only-defend-his-title-against-teenage-genius-alireza-firouzja/",
355
+ "9": "https://www.fide.com/news/1787",
356
+ "10": "https://fide.com/news/1097",
357
+ "11": "https://worldchampionshipcycle.fide.com/",
358
+ "12": "https://ratings.fide.com/top.phtml?list=men",
359
+ "13": "https://www.chess.com/news/view/2022-fide-council-ukraine-belarus-russia",
360
+ "16": "https://fide.com/news/1097",
361
+ "18": "https://en.chessbase.com/post/radjabov-retires-from-candidates-vachier-lagrave-to-jump-in",
362
+ "19": "https://www.chess.com/news/view/teimour-radjabov-interview-fide-candidates-chess",
363
+ "20": "https://chess24.com/en/read/news/radjabov-given-controversial-spot-in-2022-candidates",
364
+ "21": "https://www.fide.com/news/1650",
365
+ "22": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321232616/https://worldchess.com/news/all/gm-sergey-karjakin-is-banned-for-6-months-by-fide-ethics/",
366
+ "23": "https://www.chess.com/news/view/sergey-karjakin-banned-for-6-months",
367
+ "24": "https://chess24.com/en/read/news/sergey-karjakin-banned-from-chess-for-6-months-over-ukraine-stance",
368
+ "25": "https://ruchess.ru/en/news/all/cfr_to_appeal_fide_edc_s_decision_to_disqualify_sergey_karjakin/",
369
+ "26": "https://www.fide.com/news/1736",
370
+ "27": "https://chess24.com/en/read/news/fide-dismisses-sergey-karjakin-s-appeal",
371
+ "28": "https://en.chessbase.com/post/qualification-criteria-candidates-2022",
372
+ "29": "https://ratings.fide.com/toparc.phtml?cod=685",
373
+ "30": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/mar/25/chess-china-ding-liren-could-make-unlikely-late-bid-for-candidates-place-magnus-carlsen",
374
+ "31": "https://www.chess.com/news/view/ding-liren-world-number-two-candidates",
375
+ "32": "https://ratings.fide.com/toparc.phtml?cod=689",
376
+ "33": "https://chess24.com/en/read/news/ding-liren-world-no-2-on-may-2022-fide-rating-list",
377
+ "34": "https://en.chessbase.com/post/ding-liren-confirmed-to-play-in-the-candidates",
378
+ "35": "https://www.chess.com/news/view/magnus-carlsen-defend-world-chess-title-alireza-firouzja",
379
+ "36": "https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/apr/22/chess-magnus-carlsen-unlikely-to-defend-crown-but-questions-remain",
380
+ "37": "https://chess24.com/en/read/news/berlin-candidates-1-a-stunning-start",
381
+ "38": "https://candidates.fide.com/",
382
+ "39": "https://fide.com/news/1716",
383
+ "40": "https://theweekinchess.com/chessnews/events/fide-candidates-tournament-2022",
384
+ "41": "https://theweekinchess.com/live"
385
+ },
386
+ "spicy_entities": {
387
+ "2022": "DATE",
388
+ "eight": "CARDINAL",
389
+ "the world chess championship 2023": "ORG",
390
+ "the palacio de santo\u00f1a": "FAC",
391
+ "madrid": "GPE",
392
+ "spain": "GPE",
393
+ "june 16 to july 5, 2022": "DATE",
394
+ "world championship": "EVENT",
395
+ "april 2023": "DATE",
396
+ "candidates": "ORG",
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+ "2013": "DATE",
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+ "ian nepomniachtchi": "PERSON",
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+ "teimour radjabov": "PRODUCT",
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+ "alireza firouzja": "PERSON",
401
+ "fabiano caruana": "ORG",
402
+ "hikaru nakamura": "PERSON",
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+ "rich\u00e1rd rapport": "PERSON",
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+ "ding liren": "PERSON",
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+ "sergey karjakin": "PERSON",
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+ "the fide code of ethics": "LAW",
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ {
2
+ "title": "China_Eastern_Airlines_Flight_5735",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Eastern_Airlines_Flight_5735",
4
+ "summary": "China Eastern Airlines Flight 5735 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight in China from Kunming Changshui International Airport, Kunming, to Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport, Guangzhou in China. On 21 March 2022, the Boeing 737-89P aircraft operating the service descended steeply mid-flight and struck the ground at high speed in Teng County, Wuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, killing all 132 passengers and crew. Multiple reports say that the airplane was deliberately crashed, but the official investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) and Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) is ongoing. It is the third deadliest air crash in China after China Southern Airlines Flight 3943 and China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303, the deadliest air accident in China Eastern Airlines' history, and the deadliest plane crash in 2022.",
5
+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Flight",
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+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "The aircraft departed Kunming Changshui International Airport for Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport at 13:15 CST (05:15 UTC) and was scheduled to land at 15:05 (07:05 UTC)",
11
+ "refs": [
12
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321120746/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20220321-0"
13
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "[citation needed] The aircraft was scheduled to travel earlier from Baoshan to Kunming, but this segment of the journey was temporarily suspended due to low passenger numbers as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China",
17
+ "refs": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Contact with the aircraft was lost over the city of Wuzhou",
21
+ "refs": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "sentence": "At 14:22 (06:22 UTC), while approaching its top of descent into Guangzhou, the aircraft entered a sudden steep descent from 29,100 feet (8,900\u00a0m)",
25
+ "refs": [
26
+ "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-21/boeing-737-crashes-with-133-on-board-in-china-the-paper-l10g2iay"
27
+ ]
28
+ },
29
+ {
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+ "sentence": "It briefly leveled off and climbed from 7,400\u00a0ft (2,300\u00a0m) to 8,600\u00a0ft (2,600\u00a0m), but then plunged downwards again, reaching a final recorded altitude of 3,225\u00a0ft (983\u00a0m) less than two minutes after the beginning of the descent, with a maximum descent rate of nearly 31,000 feet (9,400\u00a0m) per minute",
31
+ "refs": []
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+ },
33
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The aircraft crashed in the mountainous regions of Teng County causing a fire in nearby vegetation",
35
+ "refs": []
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+ },
37
+ {
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+ "sentence": "According to an astronautics and aeronautics professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, preliminary data indicated the aircraft traveled close to the speed of sound when it crashed",
39
+ "refs": [
40
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321120746/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20220321-0",
41
+ "https://j.eastday.com/p/1647856316030887",
42
+ "https://thehill.com/policy/international/china/598993-chinese-airliner-carrying-132-people-crashes"
43
+ ]
44
+ },
45
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Data from Flightradar24 suggest it was traveling at speeds of 640\u00a0km (400\u00a0mi) per hour and may have exceeded 700\u00a0km (430\u00a0mi) per hour at the time of impact",
47
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The aircraft's impact into the ground created a crater 100\u00a0ft (30\u00a0m) wide and 66\u00a0ft (20\u00a0m) deep, where most of the wreckage was discovered",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/03/24/asia-pacific/china-eastern-crash-speed/"
53
+ ]
54
+ },
55
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Residents of the villages surrounding the crash site heard a loud explosion",
57
+ "refs": []
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+ },
59
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The final descent and crash was recorded by a security camera at the premises of a local mining company",
61
+ "refs": [
62
+ "https://news.ifeng.com/c/8EZgnEVdDiX"
63
+ ]
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "sentence": "The video showed the plane in a near vertical dive seconds before it struck the ground",
67
+ "refs": [
68
+ "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-22/here-s-everything-we-know-about-the-china-plane-crash-so-far"
69
+ ]
70
+ },
71
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Footage from the crash site showed wreckage and a fire",
73
+ "refs": []
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "sentence": "Many smaller pieces of wreckage were scattered in the surrounding area",
77
+ "refs": []
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "sentence": "All of the plane's occupants died",
81
+ "refs": [
82
+ "https://www.scmp.com/video/china/3171277/video-appears-show-crash-site-flight-mu5735-chinas-southern-guangxi-province"
83
+ ]
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "sentence": "It was the first fatal crash involving China Eastern Airlines since November 2004's Flight 5210",
87
+ "refs": [
88
+ "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-plane-crash-no-survivors/"
89
+ ]
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "sentence": "Some information channels such as at Kunming Changshui International Airport and Umetrip temporarily showed the flight had arrived due to not registering the flight's loss of contact",
93
+ "refs": []
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+ },
95
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Others showed \"loss of contact\", \"unknown\", or a blanked-out status",
97
+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
100
+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Aircraft",
104
+ "section_content": [
105
+ {
106
+ "sentence": "The aircraft involved was a Boeing 737-89P [a] (737NG or 737 Next Generation) with the registration B-1791 and serial number 41474",
107
+ "refs": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "sentence": "The aircraft was powered by two CFM56-7B26E turbofan engines",
111
+ "refs": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "sentence": "It was first flown on 5 June 2015 and was delivered new to China Eastern Yunnan Airlines (subsidiary of China Eastern Airlines) on 25 June 2015",
115
+ "refs": [
116
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321120746/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20220321-0"
117
+ ]
118
+ },
119
+ {
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+ "sentence": "It was painted in the airline's Yunnan Peacock livery",
121
+ "refs": [
122
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321120746/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20220321-0"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The 737-800 has a solid safety record, with 11 previous fatal accidents (the first in September 2006) out of more than 7,000 planes delivered since 1997",
127
+ "refs": []
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+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "sentence": "It is not equipped with the Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS) used on the newer 737 MAX that led to two fatal accidents in 2018 and 2019 and the subsequent grounding of the fleet",
131
+ "refs": [
132
+ "https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/b-1791"
133
+ ]
134
+ }
135
+ ],
136
+ "subsections": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "section_title": "Passengers and crew",
140
+ "section_content": [
141
+ {
142
+ "sentence": "The Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC) and the airline reported 123 passengers and 9 crew members to be on the flight, for a total of 132 people",
143
+ "refs": []
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "sentence": "All were Chinese",
147
+ "refs": [
148
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/22/world/asia/china-eastern-crash-explained.html",
149
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321084857/http://www.caac.gov.cn/XWZX/MHYW/202203/t20220321_212463.html"
150
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
153
+ "sentence": "The flight crew consisted of three pilots, five flight attendants and an in-flight security guard.",
154
+ "refs": []
155
+ }
156
+ ],
157
+ "subsections": []
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "section_title": "Emergency response and recovery",
161
+ "section_content": [
162
+ {
163
+ "sentence": "Local authorities dispatched 450 firefighters to the scene of the accident",
164
+ "refs": []
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "sentence": "Firefighters were dispatched by the Wuzhou Fire and Rescue Department at 15:05",
168
+ "refs": [
169
+ "https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-controls-of-crashed-china-eastern-jet-one-of-countrys-first-commercial-pilots-11648050201"
170
+ ]
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "sentence": "At 15:56, firefighters from nearby Tangbu arrived, and at 16:40, firefighters from outside Wuzhou were dispatched from Guilin, Beihai, Hezhou, Laibin and Hechi",
174
+ "refs": []
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "Rescue crews initially had difficulty accessing the site because of a forest fire which was extinguished by 17:25",
178
+ "refs": []
179
+ },
180
+ {
181
+ "sentence": "By evening, 117 out of 650 dispatched rescuers were nearby and headed to the site from three directions",
182
+ "refs": [
183
+ "https://resource.cloudgx.cn/files/gxapp/News/202203/21/863345.html?isshare=1&_t=1647855748"
184
+ ]
185
+ },
186
+ {
187
+ "sentence": "Aircraft wreckage and victims' belongings were found, but no signs of human remains were detected",
188
+ "refs": [
189
+ "https://j.eastday.com/p/1647854731030699"
190
+ ]
191
+ },
192
+ {
193
+ "sentence": "Workers used hand equipment, detection dogs and UAVs to search for the flight recorders and human remains, finding one flight recorder on 23 March",
194
+ "refs": [
195
+ "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-21/china-eastern-airlines-passenger-jet-accident/100928004",
196
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321125744/https://xhpfmapi.xinhuaxmt.com/vh512/share/10674255"
197
+ ]
198
+ },
199
+ {
200
+ "sentence": "The crash site was concentrated within a 30-metre (100\u00a0ft) radius where most of the wreck was found",
201
+ "refs": [
202
+ "https://udn.com/news/story/122731/6181179",
203
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220322132321/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3171425/china-eastern-airlines-flight-mu5735-debris-and-belongings"
204
+ ]
205
+ },
206
+ {
207
+ "sentence": "Rescue workers found a 1.3-metre-long (4\u00a0ft 3\u00a0in) wreckage fragment, believed to be part of the aircraft, 10 kilometres (6\u00a0mi) from the main site",
208
+ "refs": [
209
+ "https://jrnl.ie/5718579"
210
+ ]
211
+ },
212
+ {
213
+ "sentence": "Wet weather and the challenging accessibility of the crash site hampered the recovery process",
214
+ "refs": []
215
+ },
216
+ {
217
+ "sentence": "Heavy rain partially filled the impact crater with water which had to be pumped away",
218
+ "refs": []
219
+ },
220
+ {
221
+ "sentence": "Recovery activities were suspended on the morning of 23 March because of the threat of landslides",
222
+ "refs": [
223
+ "https://www.afr.com/world/asia/pieces-fell-off-china-crash-plane-in-mid-air-20220325-p5a7u6"
224
+ ]
225
+ },
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "The remains of all 132 aircraft occupants were positively identified by 29 March",
228
+ "refs": [
229
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220322132321/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3171425/china-eastern-airlines-flight-mu5735-debris-and-belongings"
230
+ ]
231
+ },
232
+ {
233
+ "sentence": "As of 31 March, at least 49,117 pieces of airplane wreckage had been recovered",
234
+ "refs": [
235
+ "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-eastern-pilots-did-not-respond-to-air-traffic-controllers-after-nosedive-authorities",
236
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinese-search-team-yet-find-second-black-box-plane-crash-2022-03-26/"
237
+ ]
238
+ }
239
+ ],
240
+ "subsections": []
241
+ },
242
+ {
243
+ "section_title": "Investigation",
244
+ "section_content": [],
245
+ "subsections": [
246
+ {
247
+ "section_title": "Initial investigation",
248
+ "section_content": [
249
+ {
250
+ "sentence": "The CAAC enabled an emergency task force and dispatched a team to the crash site",
251
+ "refs": []
252
+ },
253
+ {
254
+ "sentence": "Liu Ning, secretary of the Chinese Communist Party in Guangxi, visited the crash site and ordered an \"all-out\" search and rescue operation",
255
+ "refs": [
256
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/22/world/asia/china-eastern-crash-explained.html"
257
+ ]
258
+ },
259
+ {
260
+ "sentence": "He was accompanied by the director of Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Guangxi and other officials",
261
+ "refs": []
262
+ },
263
+ {
264
+ "sentence": "American agencies responded as representatives of the country where the aircraft was manufactured",
265
+ "refs": []
266
+ },
267
+ {
268
+ "sentence": "The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said it was ready to assist in investigation efforts if requested",
269
+ "refs": []
270
+ },
271
+ {
272
+ "sentence": "Boeing said that it was informed by initial reports and was gathering details",
273
+ "refs": [
274
+ "https://news.hangzhou.com.cn/gnxw/content/2022-03/21/content_8205251.htm"
275
+ ]
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "sentence": "The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) said a senior official had been appointed as its representative to the inquiry",
279
+ "refs": [
280
+ "https://news.hangzhou.com.cn/gnxw/content/2022-03/21/content_8205251.htm"
281
+ ]
282
+ },
283
+ {
284
+ "sentence": "Representatives from CFM International, Boeing, and the FAA were assigned as technical advisers in the probe",
285
+ "refs": [
286
+ "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/21/china-plane-crash-china-eastern-airlines-boeing-737-crashes-132-people-on-board.html"
287
+ ]
288
+ },
289
+ {
290
+ "sentence": "United States Transportation secretary Pete Buttigieg said on 23 March that Chinese authorities had invited the NTSB to take part in the investigation",
291
+ "refs": [
292
+ "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/21/china-plane-crash-china-eastern-airlines-boeing-737-crashes-132-people-on-board.html"
293
+ ]
294
+ },
295
+ {
296
+ "sentence": "COVID-19 quarantine regulations may hamper access of U.S",
297
+ "refs": [
298
+ "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/us-names-investigator-representative-china-boeing-737-800-crash-probe-2578096"
299
+ ]
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "sentence": "investigators to mainland China",
303
+ "refs": []
304
+ },
305
+ {
306
+ "sentence": "On 29 March 2022, the NTSB announced that China had granted visas to the agency and the technical advisors from Boeing, engine manufacturer CFM and the FAA",
307
+ "refs": [
308
+ "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/us-names-investigator-representative-china-boeing-737-800-crash-probe-2578096",
309
+ "https://udn.com/news/story/122731/6181179"
310
+ ]
311
+ },
312
+ {
313
+ "sentence": "The cockpit voice recorder (CVR) was found on 23 March with exterior damage although the internal storage device was believed to be relatively intact",
314
+ "refs": []
315
+ },
316
+ {
317
+ "sentence": "It was sent to Beijing for data extraction",
318
+ "refs": [
319
+ "https://udn.com/news/story/122731/6181179",
320
+ "https://www.wsj.com/articles/human-remains-found-at-china-eastern-airlines-plane-crash-site-11648024124"
321
+ ]
322
+ },
323
+ {
324
+ "sentence": "The emergency locator transmitter (ELT) was retrieved on 26 March, and on 27 March, the flight data recorder (FDR) was recovered",
325
+ "refs": [
326
+ "https://apnews.com/article/business-sports-travel-soccer-china-a71b25aaa482a80c9af6244f3e998881",
327
+ "https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2022-03-23/doc-imcwiwss7714948.shtml",
328
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/black-box-found-crashed-china-eastern-jet-chinese-aviation-regulator-2022-03-23/"
329
+ ]
330
+ },
331
+ {
332
+ "sentence": "It had been buried 1.5 metres (5\u00a0ft) deep in the soil and appeared slightly dented but was intact",
333
+ "refs": []
334
+ },
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "The two flight recorders were sent to a facility in Washington, D.C",
337
+ "refs": [
338
+ "https://www.newsnpr.org/china-found-the-planes-emergency-locator-transmitter-elt/"
339
+ ]
340
+ },
341
+ {
342
+ "sentence": "for analysis",
343
+ "refs": []
344
+ },
345
+ {
346
+ "sentence": "Concurrently, on April 1, a team of NTSB investigators left the United States for China",
347
+ "refs": [
348
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/black-box-found-china-eastern-plane-crash-83696896"
349
+ ]
350
+ },
351
+ {
352
+ "sentence": "Mao Yanfeng, head of aircraft investigation at the CAAC, stated the flight had not encountered dangerous weather conditions",
353
+ "refs": []
354
+ },
355
+ {
356
+ "sentence": "No components of common explosives were detected",
357
+ "refs": [
358
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2022/04/01/china-crash-voice-recorder/"
359
+ ]
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "sentence": "Chinese leadership called for open, timely and transparent publication of information about the crash",
363
+ "refs": [
364
+ "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-eastern-pilots-did-not-respond-to-air-traffic-controllers-after-nosedive-authorities"
365
+ ]
366
+ },
367
+ {
368
+ "sentence": "The CAAC published a preliminary report on April 20, 30 days after the accident",
369
+ "refs": []
370
+ },
371
+ {
372
+ "sentence": "Soon after the accident, it was suggested that catastrophic failure of the tailplane (for example, a stabilizer problem) and sabotage (such as a pilot intentionally crashing) were two of the possibilities regarding the cause of the crash",
373
+ "refs": [
374
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-60856855",
375
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-done-with-most-airline-crash-search-rescue-working-preliminary-report-2022-03-31/"
376
+ ]
377
+ },
378
+ {
379
+ "sentence": "On 24 March, a piece of the jet was discovered about 10\u00a0km (6\u00a0mi) from the crash site, initially giving weight to the theory of a mid-air breakup",
380
+ "refs": [
381
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2022/04/01/china-crash-voice-recorder/"
382
+ ]
383
+ },
384
+ {
385
+ "sentence": "However, Chinese authorities later confirmed that it was a winglet, whose loss should not severely impair airworthiness, and which is lightweight enough to either have flown to the ground in the wind or broke-up during the descent",
386
+ "refs": [
387
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-publishes-preliminary-findings-into-china-eastern-crash-2022-04-20"
388
+ ]
389
+ }
390
+ ],
391
+ "subsections": []
392
+ },
393
+ {
394
+ "section_title": "Preliminary report",
395
+ "section_content": [
396
+ {
397
+ "sentence": "On 20 April, CAAC released a preliminary report regarding the accident, stating that \"there was no abnormality in the radio communication and control command between the crew and the air traffic control department before deviating from the cruise altitude.\" It was reported that the plane was airworthy, up to date on inspections, that all personnel met requirements, that weather was fine, and that no dangerous goods were found",
398
+ "refs": []
399
+ },
400
+ {
401
+ "sentence": "Both aircraft recorders were severely damaged and were sent to Washington for further investigation",
402
+ "refs": []
403
+ },
404
+ {
405
+ "sentence": "On the eve of the first anniversary in March 2023, the CAAC released an unusually short interim statement that the investigation is ongoing due to the \"very complicated and very rare\" nature of the accident",
406
+ "refs": [
407
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/04/business/china-eastern-boeing-crash.html"
408
+ ]
409
+ },
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "As of November\u00a02023 [update], no final report has been released.",
412
+ "refs": [
413
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-still-seeking-answers-year-after-plane-crash-2023-03-20/"
414
+ ]
415
+ }
416
+ ],
417
+ "subsections": []
418
+ },
419
+ {
420
+ "section_title": "Media reports of the investigation",
421
+ "section_content": [
422
+ {
423
+ "sentence": "Early reports of the aircraft's flight data recorder pointed towards a deliberate crash from the cockpit",
424
+ "refs": []
425
+ },
426
+ {
427
+ "sentence": "Flight controls were pushed to put the plane into a dive",
428
+ "refs": []
429
+ },
430
+ {
431
+ "sentence": "This led the investigation toward the pilot or the possibility of a cockpit breach",
432
+ "refs": []
433
+ },
434
+ {
435
+ "sentence": "China Eastern noted the unlikeliness of anyone breaching the cockpit, as an emergency code was not broadcast",
436
+ "refs": []
437
+ },
438
+ {
439
+ "sentence": "Chinese authorities are not pointing to issues regarding mechanical or flight control problems",
440
+ "refs": []
441
+ },
442
+ {
443
+ "sentence": "On 17 May, The Wall Street Journal reported a source from the US government, from officials involved in the investigation, as saying that the plane had been intentionally crashed, based on an analysis of data from the aircraft recorders",
444
+ "refs": []
445
+ },
446
+ {
447
+ "sentence": "News reports published by ABC News on the same day concurred with the Wall Street Journal's report of the investigating officials in the US government declaring that the aircraft had been deliberately put into a vertical dive by a person on the flight deck, also citing flight recorder data showing that the landing gear and flaps had evidently not been engaged or deployed during the aircraft's descent which would indicate the pilots attempting an emergency descent or landing",
448
+ "refs": [
449
+ "https://www.flightglobal.com/safety/caac-issues-brief-statement-on-anniversary-of-china-eastern-737-crash/152539.article",
450
+ "https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-eastern-black-box-points-to-intentional-nosedive-11652805097"
451
+ ]
452
+ },
453
+ {
454
+ "sentence": "Multiple reports also mentioned that in the moments just before and during the descent, there were no distress or mayday calls from the cockpit to air traffic control nor any answers to the attempts from air traffic control and nearby aircraft to make contact with the aircraft",
455
+ "refs": []
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "sentence": "A video was released to the public on the day of the accident, showing the Boeing 737 aircraft involved entering a steep dive before slamming into a hilly area",
459
+ "refs": []
460
+ }
461
+ ],
462
+ "subsections": []
463
+ }
464
+ ]
465
+ },
466
+ {
467
+ "section_title": "Reactions",
468
+ "section_content": [],
469
+ "subsections": [
470
+ {
471
+ "section_title": "Domestic",
472
+ "section_content": [
473
+ {
474
+ "sentence": "Chinese premier Li Keqiang called for comprehensive efforts to search for survivors and treat the injured, emphasizing the need to reassure and serve the families of the victims",
475
+ "refs": []
476
+ },
477
+ {
478
+ "sentence": "Chinese leader Xi Jinping called for investigators to determine the cause as soon as possible and to ensure \"absolute\" aviation safety",
479
+ "refs": []
480
+ },
481
+ {
482
+ "sentence": "Over 1,000 psychology staff were dispatched to provide aid and emotional support to the families of the victims",
483
+ "refs": [
484
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLFWvbv2DFE"
485
+ ]
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "sentence": "China Eastern established a hotline for family members and announced that its Boeing 737-800 fleet would be grounded for inspection until the investigation was completed",
489
+ "refs": [
490
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/03/21/world/china-eastern-airlines-crash"
491
+ ]
492
+ },
493
+ {
494
+ "sentence": "Most of the airline's 737-800s eventually returned to service in April 2022",
495
+ "refs": [
496
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321084857/http://www.caac.gov.cn/XWZX/MHYW/202203/t20220321_212463.html"
497
+ ]
498
+ },
499
+ {
500
+ "sentence": "VariFlight reported that nearly 74 percent of the 11,800 flights scheduled in China on 22 March were cancelled as a result of the crash",
501
+ "refs": []
502
+ },
503
+ {
504
+ "sentence": "A majority of flight services between Beijing and Shanghai were cancelled",
505
+ "refs": []
506
+ },
507
+ {
508
+ "sentence": "Cancellation rates in China were the highest of 2022",
509
+ "refs": []
510
+ },
511
+ {
512
+ "sentence": "Nearly 89 percent of all China Eastern flights were cancelled on 22 March",
513
+ "refs": [
514
+ "https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-eastern-resumes-flights-of-boeing-737-model-involved-in-crash-11650260417"
515
+ ]
516
+ },
517
+ {
518
+ "sentence": "News concerning the crash was heavily censored in China",
519
+ "refs": []
520
+ },
521
+ {
522
+ "sentence": "State-run media focused on the emergency crews' response, including detailed lists of their equipment and provisions, and orders from Xi Jinping that officials do everything possible to find survivors",
523
+ "refs": []
524
+ },
525
+ {
526
+ "sentence": "After officials initially failed to answer basic questions about the plane and its pilots, they were accused by online commentators of \"rainbow farts,\" an idiom for excessive praise",
527
+ "refs": []
528
+ },
529
+ {
530
+ "sentence": "Articles and social media posts that asked more detailed questions were deleted by censors",
531
+ "refs": []
532
+ },
533
+ {
534
+ "sentence": "Faced with mounting pressure, officials eventually provided information on the maintenance history of the plane, the pilots' flight experience, and weather conditions at the time of the crash",
535
+ "refs": []
536
+ },
537
+ {
538
+ "sentence": "Within two hours of the crash 20 people claimed to have \"survived\" by not boarding the flight",
539
+ "refs": []
540
+ },
541
+ {
542
+ "sentence": "Local media found only 2 of these claims to be genuine",
543
+ "refs": []
544
+ }
545
+ ],
546
+ "subsections": []
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "section_title": "International",
550
+ "section_content": [
551
+ {
552
+ "sentence": "A number of world leaders expressed condolences for the loss of life incurred",
553
+ "refs": []
554
+ },
555
+ {
556
+ "sentence": "In India, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) placed all Boeing 737 aircraft flown by Indian carriers under \"enhanced surveillance.\" SpiceJet, Vistara and Air India Express have the aircraft in their fleets",
557
+ "refs": []
558
+ },
559
+ {
560
+ "sentence": "An official from the regulatory body said that \"safety is serious business\" and that the situation was being closely monitored",
561
+ "refs": []
562
+ },
563
+ {
564
+ "sentence": "On U.S",
565
+ "refs": []
566
+ },
567
+ {
568
+ "sentence": "stock markets, Boeing shares initially fell by 7.8 percent and China Eastern shares by 8.2 percent after the incident",
569
+ "refs": []
570
+ },
571
+ {
572
+ "sentence": "On the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, China Eastern shares dropped by 6.5 percent",
573
+ "refs": [
574
+ "https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-puts-boeing-737-fleets-on-enhanced-surveillance-after-china-plane-crash-2834745",
575
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321084857/http://www.caac.gov.cn/XWZX/MHYW/202203/t20220321_212463.html"
576
+ ]
577
+ },
578
+ {
579
+ "sentence": "Boeing offered its condolences to the families of the victims and said that it was in contact with China Eastern and the NTSB",
580
+ "refs": []
581
+ }
582
+ ],
583
+ "subsections": []
584
+ }
585
+ ]
586
+ },
587
+ {
588
+ "section_title": "See also",
589
+ "section_content": [],
590
+ "subsections": []
591
+ },
592
+ {
593
+ "section_title": "Notes",
594
+ "section_content": [],
595
+ "subsections": []
596
+ },
597
+ {
598
+ "section_title": "References",
599
+ "section_content": [],
600
+ "subsections": []
601
+ },
602
+ {
603
+ "section_title": "External links",
604
+ "section_content": [],
605
+ "subsections": []
606
+ }
607
+ ],
608
+ "references": {
609
+ "23": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
610
+ "1": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220518173031/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/china-eastern-airlines-crash-deliberately-crashed-flight-data-report-2689981?cid=FBcna",
611
+ "2": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/madelinehalpert/2022/05/17/black-box-data-reportedly-suggest-china-eastern-jet-crash-was-intentional/?sh=5d737027797c",
612
+ "3": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-05-17/boeing-rises-on-report-that-china-plane-crash-looks-intentional/",
613
+ "4": "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/flight-data-china-eastern-jet-points-intentional-nosedive-wsj-2022-05-17/",
614
+ "5": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321120746/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20220321-0",
615
+ "6": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220322052140/https://www.flightradar24.com/data/flights/mu5735",
616
+ "7": "https://www.ccwb.cn/web/info/202203211719104XVO25.html",
617
+ "8": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-21/boeing-737-crashes-with-133-on-board-in-china-the-paper-l10g2iay",
618
+ "9": "https://www.flightradar24.com/blog/china-eastern-airlines-flight-5735-crashes-en-route-to-guangzhou/",
619
+ "10": "https://j.eastday.com/p/1647856316030887",
620
+ "11": "https://thehill.com/policy/international/china/598993-chinese-airliner-carrying-132-people-crashes",
621
+ "12": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2022/03/24/asia-pacific/china-eastern-crash-speed/",
622
+ "13": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/search-2nd-black-box-china-eastern-airlines-crash/story?id=83644904",
623
+ "14": "https://news.ifeng.com/c/8EZgnEVdDiX",
624
+ "15": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-03-22/here-s-everything-we-know-about-the-china-plane-crash-so-far",
625
+ "16": "https://www.scmp.com/video/china/3171277/video-appears-show-crash-site-flight-mu5735-chinas-southern-guangxi-province",
626
+ "17": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-plane-crash-no-survivors/",
627
+ "18": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/chinese-plane-crash-follows-rapid-growth-at-airline-without-safety-incidents-11647946788",
628
+ "19": "https://www.usnews.com/news/business/articles/2022-03-22/china-eastern-crash-is-rare-disaster-for-state-run-airlines",
629
+ "20": "https://news.hangzhou.com.cn/shxw/content/2022-03/21/content_8205069_0.htm",
630
+ "21": "https://www.time-weekly.com/post/290449",
631
+ "22": "https://www.eeo.com.cn/2022/0321/526614.shtml",
632
+ "24": "https://www.planespotters.net/airframe/boeing-737-800-b-1791-china-eastern-airlines/ejn28p",
633
+ "25": "https://www.flightradar24.com/data/aircraft/b-1791",
634
+ "26": "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/china/previous-crashes-may-give-clues-to-china-jets-mystery-plunge/articleshow/90366107.cms",
635
+ "27": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-60819760",
636
+ "28": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/22/world/asia/china-eastern-crash-explained.html",
637
+ "29": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321084857/http://www.caac.gov.cn/XWZX/MHYW/202203/t20220321_212463.html",
638
+ "30": "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-eastern-airlines-passenger-jet-has-accident-guangxi-state-media-says-2022-03-21/",
639
+ "31": "https://udn.com/news/story/122731/6181179",
640
+ "32": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/human-remains-found-at-china-eastern-airlines-plane-crash-site-11648024124",
641
+ "33": "https://www.thenational.scot/news/20013730.black-box-crashed-china-eastern-plane-found-severely-damaged-condition/",
642
+ "34": "https://www.wsj.com/articles/at-controls-of-crashed-china-eastern-jet-one-of-countrys-first-commercial-pilots-11648050201",
643
+ "35": "https://www.ft.com/content/d9baeafb-2430-427f-afa2-42f52db9c4e4",
644
+ "36": "https://resource.cloudgx.cn/files/gxapp/News/202203/21/863345.html?isshare=1&_t=1647855748",
645
+ "37": "https://j.eastday.com/p/1647854731030699",
646
+ "38": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-03-21/china-eastern-airlines-passenger-jet-accident/100928004",
647
+ "39": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220321125744/https://xhpfmapi.xinhuaxmt.com/vh512/share/10674255",
648
+ "40": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220322132321/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3171425/china-eastern-airlines-flight-mu5735-debris-and-belongings",
649
+ "41": "https://jrnl.ie/5718579",
650
+ "42": "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinese-search-second-black-box-crashed-jet-2022-03-24/",
651
+ "43": "https://www.afr.com/world/asia/pieces-fell-off-china-crash-plane-in-mid-air-20220325-p5a7u6",
652
+ "44": "https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/china-eastern-pilots-did-not-respond-to-air-traffic-controllers-after-nosedive-authorities",
653
+ "45": "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinese-search-team-yet-find-second-black-box-plane-crash-2022-03-26/",
654
+ "46": "http://www.arirang.com/news/News_View.asp?nseq=296137",
655
+ "47": "https://apnews.com/article/business-china-beijing-3f8f48921cfdb740dbd55256ea8f6746",
656
+ "48": "https://news.hangzhou.com.cn/gnxw/content/2022-03/21/content_8205251.htm",
657
+ "49": "https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/21/china-plane-crash-china-eastern-airlines-boeing-737-crashes-132-people-on-board.html",
658
+ "50": "https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/us-names-investigator-representative-china-boeing-737-800-crash-probe-2578096",
659
+ "51": "https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1572877/china-finds-first-black-box-from-crashed-jet-u-s-discussing-quarantine-for-investigators",
660
+ "52": "https://apnews.com/article/business-sports-travel-soccer-china-a71b25aaa482a80c9af6244f3e998881",
661
+ "53": "https://news.sina.com.cn/c/2022-03-23/doc-imcwiwss7714948.shtml",
662
+ "54": "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/black-box-found-crashed-china-eastern-jet-chinese-aviation-regulator-2022-03-23/",
663
+ "55": "https://www.newsnpr.org/china-found-the-planes-emergency-locator-transmitter-elt/",
664
+ "56": "https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/black-box-found-china-eastern-plane-crash-83696896",
665
+ "57": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/china-eastern-plane-crash-us-ntsb-flight-mu5735-black-boxes-boeing-737/",
666
+ "58": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2022/04/01/china-crash-voice-recorder/",
667
+ "59": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-60856855",
668
+ "60": "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-done-with-most-airline-crash-search-rescue-working-preliminary-report-2022-03-31/",
669
+ "61": "https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-publishes-preliminary-findings-into-china-eastern-crash-2022-04-20",
670
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json/Chris_Sharma.json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Chris_Sharma",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Sharma",
4
+ "summary": "Chris Omprakash Sharma (born 23 April, 1981) is an American rock climber who is considered one of the greatest and most influential climbers in the history of the sport. He dominated sport climbing for the decade after his 2001 ascent of Realization/Biographie, the world's first-ever redpoint of a consensus 9a+ (5.15a) graded route, and ushered in what was called a \"technical evolution\" in the sport. Sharma carried the mantle of \"world's strongest sport climber\" from Wolfgang G\u00fcllich (who held it for almost a decade from the early 1980s), and passed it to Adam Ondra (who held it from 2012).In 2008, Sharma redpointed the world's first-ever consensus 9b (5.15b) route with Jumbo Love, and in 2013, became only the second-ever person to climb a 9b+ (5.15c) route with La Dura Dura. Sharma is also known for free soloing the world's first-ever 9a+ (5.15a) deep-water solo route, Es Pont\u00e0s in 2006. Sharma became one of the most commercially successful climbers in his sport, and was noted for his \"King Lines\" \u2013 iconic routes that inspired him to spend the months and even years needed to climb them \u2013 some of which feature in the award-winning 2007 climbing film, King Lines.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Early life",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "Chris Omprakash Sharma was born and raised in Santa Cruz, California, the only child of Gita Jahn and Bob Sharma",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "His parents were devotees of the yogi Baba Hari Dass, and adopted the surname Sharma when they got married",
15
+ "refs": [
16
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
17
+ "https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/best-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time/",
18
+ "http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/09.27.00/sharma-0039.html"
19
+ ]
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "He went to Mount Madonna, and attended Soquel High School for a year",
23
+ "refs": [
24
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
25
+ "https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/best-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time/"
26
+ ]
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "sentence": "Sharma started rock climbing when he was 12 at the Pacific Edge Climbing Gym, and he described himself as \"one of the first climbing-gym-generation kids\"",
30
+ "refs": [
31
+ "https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/best-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time/",
32
+ "http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/09.27.00/sharma-0039.html",
33
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
34
+ ]
35
+ }
36
+ ],
37
+ "subsections": []
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "section_title": "Climbing career",
41
+ "section_content": [],
42
+ "subsections": [
43
+ {
44
+ "section_title": "1996\u20132002 (to Realization)",
45
+ "section_content": [
46
+ {
47
+ "sentence": "From the outset, Sharma was considered prodigy in the climbing world",
48
+ "refs": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "sentence": "At age 14, he won the adult 1996 US Open Bouldering Nationals, and a year later aged 15, he freed Boone Speed's project Necessary Evil 5.14c\u00a0(8c+) in the Virgin River Gorge, the hardest sport climb in North America at the time",
52
+ "refs": [
53
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/chris-sharma-a-lifetime-of-climbing/",
54
+ "https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jan-19-tm-sharma3-story.html",
55
+ "https://www.rockandice.com/videos/climbing/the-secret-climb-of-chris-sharma-and-stefan-glowacz-2/",
56
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
57
+ "https://www.rockandice.com/videos/climbing/the-secret-climb-of-chris-sharma-and-stefan-glowacz-2/"
58
+ ]
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "sentence": "The following year, Sharma won silver at the biennial UIAA World Championships at Paris, and gold at the Kranj leg of the UIAA World Cup, both for lead climbing",
62
+ "refs": [
63
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
64
+ "http://rockandice.com/features/perfect-play-what-it-took-to-climb-la-dura-dura-5-15c-the-worlds-hardest-route",
65
+ "http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=4894"
66
+ ]
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "sentence": "Still 16, he suffered a serious knee injury that sidelined him for over a year",
70
+ "refs": [
71
+ "https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/climbing/climbing-world-champions-1991-2009.html"
72
+ ]
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "sentence": "[b] Aged 18, Sharma moved to Bishop, California, and began a US bouldering revolution with his 1999 film Rampage, and in February 2000, completed the first ascent of The Mandala, a world-famous boulder problem",
76
+ "refs": [
77
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line",
78
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/why-chris-sharma-never-gets-mad-well-maybe-a-little-sometimes/",
79
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
80
+ ]
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "sentence": "On 18 July 2001, aged 19, Sharma completed the extension of the 8c+\u00a0(5.14c) route Biographie in Ce\u00fcse in France, and named it Realization; the route was the first consensus 9a+\u00a0(5.15a) in the world, [a] and has since become an important route in the history of sport climbing, with Climbing magazine noting that \"technical rock climbing jumped in its evolution\"",
84
+ "refs": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "sentence": "It was the first confirmed increase in grades since Wolfgang Gullich's ascent of Action Directe 9a\u00a0(5.14d), a decade earlier",
88
+ "refs": [
89
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
90
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line"
91
+ ]
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "sentence": "Sharma's ascent of the route was captured in Josh Lowell's 2002 film, Dosage Volume 1",
95
+ "refs": [
96
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/interview-the-future-of-sharma/",
97
+ "https://www.climbing.com/news/groundbreaking-515-gets-second-ascent/"
98
+ ]
99
+ },
100
+ {
101
+ "sentence": "Days later, Sharma won the Munich leg of the IFSC World Cup in bouldering, only to be disqualified on testing positive for marijuana",
102
+ "refs": [
103
+ "https://eveningsends.com/setting-and-revising-the-record-in-climbing/"
104
+ ]
105
+ }
106
+ ],
107
+ "subsections": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "section_title": "2002\u20132008 (to Jumbo Love)",
111
+ "section_content": [
112
+ {
113
+ "sentence": "After Realization, Sharma considered quitting climbing and went on Buddhist pilgrimages",
114
+ "refs": []
115
+ },
116
+ {
117
+ "sentence": "A 2003 trip to Mallorca, Spain to meet Miquel Riera, a pioneer of deep-water soloing, led him to \"fall in love with climbing all over again\"",
118
+ "refs": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "sentence": "Sharma largely abandoned competitions, [c] to focus on \"King Lines\", a term he adopted for iconic routes that motivated him",
122
+ "refs": [
123
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line",
124
+ "https://www.worldcupslo.com/history.php"
125
+ ]
126
+ },
127
+ {
128
+ "sentence": "[d] In 2004, Sharma solved the boulder problem Practice of the Wild V15\u00a0(8C), and in 2005 solved the dramatic roof of Witness the Fitness V15\u00a0(8C), followed by redpointing Dreamcatcher 9a\u00a0(5.14d), regarded as one of North America's most iconic sport climbs",
129
+ "refs": [
130
+ "http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/09.27.00/sharma-0039.html"
131
+ ]
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "sentence": "In 2006, he made an early repeat of La Rambla 9a+\u00a0(5.15a), and in 2006, after 50 attempts, stuck the crux dyno of Es Pont\u00e0s in Mallorca, the world's first-ever 5.15a\u00a0(9a+) DWS route",
135
+ "refs": [
136
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
137
+ "https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/best-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time/"
138
+ ]
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "Some of Sharma's climbs from this era are in the iconic and award-winning 2007 climbing film, King Lines",
142
+ "refs": [
143
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
144
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723145125/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/adam-ondra"
145
+ ]
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "sentence": "In 2007, Sharma moved to Lleida, a town near the Spanish Pyrenees, in Catalonia, Spain, and over the next five years, created an unprecedented series of new 9a+\u00a0(5.15a) to 9b\u00a0(5.15b) sport climbs, predominantly in Catalonian limestone crags (namely Oliana, Siurana, Santa Linya and Margalef), starting with the 9a+\u00a0(5.15a) classic of Papichulo in May 2008",
149
+ "refs": [
150
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line",
151
+ "https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/competitions/bouldering-world-cup-2001-munich-the-results.html"
152
+ ]
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "sentence": "[e] In September 2008, Sharma made a trip back to the United States and climbed the world's first-ever consensus 5.15b\u00a0(9b) route when he freed Randy Leavitt's 250-foot (76\u00a0m) bolted route, Jumbo Love in Clark Mountain in California",
156
+ "refs": [
157
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line",
158
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
159
+ ]
160
+ }
161
+ ],
162
+ "subsections": []
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "section_title": "2008\u20132013 (to La Dura Dura)",
166
+ "section_content": [
167
+ {
168
+ "sentence": "Sharma said that after climbing Jumbo Love, he needed to change his approach",
169
+ "refs": []
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "sentence": "His previous breakthroughs had been on routes established and bolted by other climbers who had given up on them, [f] and now he needed to find his own limit saying: \"I wanted to push myself to the next level",
173
+ "refs": [
174
+ "https://www.rockandice.com/videos/climbing/the-secret-climb-of-chris-sharma-and-stefan-glowacz-2/"
175
+ ]
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "sentence": "Where is that? I had to discover it",
179
+ "refs": []
180
+ },
181
+ {
182
+ "sentence": "That was a big process in itself",
183
+ "refs": []
184
+ },
185
+ {
186
+ "sentence": "So I bolted all these routes [in Spain]",
187
+ "refs": []
188
+ },
189
+ {
190
+ "sentence": "And a lot of them ended up being that next level\"",
191
+ "refs": []
192
+ },
193
+ {
194
+ "sentence": "The period saw Sharma bolt and free numerous new extreme 9b\u00a0(5.15b)-graded \"King Lines\", including Golpe de Estado\u00a0 [fr] (2008), Neanderthal (2009), and First Round First Minute (2011), each a major project in itself and since regarded as important classics, with Sharma saying \"That's the thing about being on the cutting edge",
195
+ "refs": [
196
+ "https://www.rockandice.com/videos/climbing/the-secret-climb-of-chris-sharma-and-stefan-glowacz-2/"
197
+ ]
198
+ },
199
+ {
200
+ "sentence": "You have to invent it\"",
201
+ "refs": []
202
+ },
203
+ {
204
+ "sentence": "In 2011, Sharma invited the then 19-year-old climbing prodigy Adam Ondra, to try an Oliana route he had bolted in 2009 called La Dura Dura, which Sharma himself had given up on saying \"I never saw myself being able to climb it.\", and \"I figured it would be for the next generation\"",
205
+ "refs": []
206
+ },
207
+ {
208
+ "sentence": "For the next year, the two climbers worked the route in a collaborative process that saw Ondra make the first ascent in February 2013, and Sharma make the first repeat in March 2013",
209
+ "refs": [
210
+ "https://www.rockandice.com/videos/climbing/the-secret-climb-of-chris-sharma-and-stefan-glowacz-2/"
211
+ ]
212
+ },
213
+ {
214
+ "sentence": "National Geographic called their collaboration a defining moment in the sport of rock climbing, when the title of \"world's best climber\" had begun to pass from one generation to the next",
215
+ "refs": [
216
+ "https://www.rockandice.com/videos/climbing/the-secret-climb-of-chris-sharma-and-stefan-glowacz-2/"
217
+ ]
218
+ },
219
+ {
220
+ "sentence": "Both Ondra and Sharma declared the collaboration to be a very positive experience with Sharma saying post his March ascent: \"It was a healthy process for both of us, we fed off each other's motivation and through him, I think I became a better climber myself\"",
221
+ "refs": [
222
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/interview-the-future-of-sharma/"
223
+ ]
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "Their collaboration was documented in Reel Rock 7 (2012), and La Dura Complete (2013)",
227
+ "refs": [
228
+ "https://www.rockandice.com/videos/climbing/the-secret-climb-of-chris-sharma-and-stefan-glowacz-2/",
229
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
230
+ ]
231
+ }
232
+ ],
233
+ "subsections": []
234
+ },
235
+ {
236
+ "section_title": "Post 2013",
237
+ "section_content": [
238
+ {
239
+ "sentence": "At 9b+\u00a0(5.15c), La Dura Dura would hold the rank of \"world's hardest climb\" [g] until Ondra climbed Silence at 9c\u00a0(5.15d) in 2017, and while Sharma would put up several more \"King Lines\" over the next 5 years, it marked the high-point in terms of his hardest route",
240
+ "refs": []
241
+ },
242
+ {
243
+ "sentence": "In 2015, he freed El Bon Combat, considered at the time to be close to 9b+\u00a0(5.15c), and in 2016 he soloed Alesha, the world's first 9b\u00a0(5.15b) DWS route",
244
+ "refs": [
245
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
246
+ ]
247
+ },
248
+ {
249
+ "sentence": "One of Sharma's unfinished projects was a potential 9c\u00a0(5.15d) route in Oliana beside La Dura Dura called Le Blond, named in memory of Patrick Edlinger; it remains unfinished",
250
+ "refs": [
251
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
252
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line"
253
+ ]
254
+ },
255
+ {
256
+ "sentence": "In March 2023, aged 41, Sharma made the first redpoint of Sleeping Lion, a 9b+\u00a0(5.15c) route beside La Rambla in Spain, which he described as the hardest thing he had done in over eight years",
257
+ "refs": [
258
+ "https://www.climbing.com/news/sharma-working-clark-mountain-mega-proj/",
259
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
260
+ ]
261
+ },
262
+ {
263
+ "sentence": "At the same time in 2023, noting that neighboring Golpe de Estado has never had a third ascent, Sharma wondered if it was a really 9b+\u00a0(5.15c) graded route, which would have made it the world's first-ever at that grade",
264
+ "refs": [
265
+ "http://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/interviews/chris-sharma-the-la-dura-dura-interview.html"
266
+ ]
267
+ }
268
+ ],
269
+ "subsections": []
270
+ }
271
+ ]
272
+ },
273
+ {
274
+ "section_title": "Legacy",
275
+ "section_content": [
276
+ {
277
+ "sentence": "Sharma is widely considered one of the greatest and most important rock climbers in the history of the sport",
278
+ "refs": []
279
+ },
280
+ {
281
+ "sentence": "Sharma took on the title of \"world's strongest sport climber\" in 2001 from Wolfgang Gullich (who dominated in the decade from the early 1980s to the early 1990s), and passed it on to Adam Ondra (who dominated after 2012)",
282
+ "refs": [
283
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
284
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line",
285
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723145125/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/adam-ondra",
286
+ "https://www.worldcupslo.com/history.php",
287
+ "http://rockandice.com/features/perfect-play-what-it-took-to-climb-la-dura-dura-5-15c-the-worlds-hardest-route"
288
+ ]
289
+ },
290
+ {
291
+ "sentence": "In 2003, the LA Times called him the \"greatest natural rock climber in the world\"",
292
+ "refs": [
293
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/interview-the-future-of-sharma/"
294
+ ]
295
+ },
296
+ {
297
+ "sentence": "In 2007, Melissa Block on NPR's All Things Considered, introduced him saying \"Chris Sharma is hailed as the world's best rock climber, a pioneer who has mastered some of the most spectacular and difficult routes in the history of the sport\"",
298
+ "refs": [
299
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/chris-sharma-a-lifetime-of-climbing/"
300
+ ]
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "sentence": "In 2016, Outside said \"Sharma shaped modern rock climbing",
304
+ "refs": [
305
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/chris-sharma-climber-best-all-time-5-15/"
306
+ ]
307
+ },
308
+ {
309
+ "sentence": "Whatever he thought was cool, we followed",
310
+ "refs": []
311
+ },
312
+ {
313
+ "sentence": "Bouldering",
314
+ "refs": []
315
+ },
316
+ {
317
+ "sentence": "Projecting hard sport routes",
318
+ "refs": []
319
+ },
320
+ {
321
+ "sentence": "Deep water soloing",
322
+ "refs": []
323
+ },
324
+ {
325
+ "sentence": "In 2022, Climbing said: \"The pioneering American sport climber is among the best to ever tie in, and was arguably the world's strongest rock climber for almost 20 years\"",
326
+ "refs": [
327
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line"
328
+ ]
329
+ },
330
+ {
331
+ "sentence": "Sharma is noted for a \"humble softly-spoken meditative disposition\" (who often leaves it to others to grade his routes) coupled with a \"highly aggressive and dynamic\" climbing style",
332
+ "refs": [
333
+ "https://www.climbing.com/news/groundbreaking-515-gets-second-ascent/",
334
+ "https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/best-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time/",
335
+ "https://www.climbing.com/news/seb-bouin-5-15c-change/"
336
+ ]
337
+ },
338
+ {
339
+ "sentence": "In 2016, Climbing said: \"Over the past three decades, Sharma has cultivated a mellow Southern California persona, but in reality, he's one of the most competitive, focused, and driven athletes out there\"",
340
+ "refs": [
341
+ "http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/09.27.00/sharma-0039.html",
342
+ "https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/best-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time/",
343
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723145125/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/adam-ondra"
344
+ ]
345
+ },
346
+ {
347
+ "sentence": "His demeanor has been ascribed to his Buddhist raising; the LA Times called him \"the Karma Climber\"",
348
+ "refs": [
349
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line",
350
+ "https://www.climbing.com/news/seb-bouin-5-15c-change/"
351
+ ]
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "sentence": "He has credited Zen meditation techniques with helping him on routes, or when seeking direction and motivation",
355
+ "refs": [
356
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/chris-sharma-a-lifetime-of-climbing/",
357
+ "https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/best-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time/",
358
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
359
+ ]
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "sentence": "Sharma was also known for eschewing any gym-based training (including fingerboards or cross-training) or dieting, preferring to climb as his sole method of training",
363
+ "refs": [
364
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line",
365
+ "https://www.rockandice.com/people/chris-sharma-what-ive-learned-2/",
366
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/interview-chris-sharma-talks-le-blond-training-and-5-15d/"
367
+ ]
368
+ },
369
+ {
370
+ "sentence": "Sharma is credited with developing the commercial potential of extreme sport climbing, with Climbing saying \"Not only did Sharma have the guns to become the first human to climb 5.15, he had the genius to see the potential, coupled with the commitment to spend months and years of his life proving it\", and calling Sharma \"arguably the highest-paid pro climber in the world\"",
371
+ "refs": [
372
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line"
373
+ ]
374
+ },
375
+ {
376
+ "sentence": "Outside added, \"Before Sharma figured out how to balance elite performance with making a living, \"professional climber\" was an oxymoron",
377
+ "refs": [
378
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line"
379
+ ]
380
+ },
381
+ {
382
+ "sentence": "Sharma's commercial appeal, and becoming one of the most filmed climbers, was attributed to his focus on \"King Lines\", [d] which Sharma described as: \"It's not enough to do something hard; it needs to be in an amazing position, a route that asks you to pour your heart and soul into climbing it\"",
383
+ "refs": [
384
+ "https://www.climbing.com/news/exclusive-interview-chris-sharma-makes-5-15c-fa-in-siurana/",
385
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723145125/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/adam-ondra"
386
+ ]
387
+ }
388
+ ],
389
+ "subsections": []
390
+ },
391
+ {
392
+ "section_title": "Personal life",
393
+ "section_content": [
394
+ {
395
+ "sentence": "Sharma is the founder of the rock climbing gym Sender One, headquartered in Santa Ana, California, which he opened in 2013 as a business partnership with Walltopia, who was a sponsor of Sharma",
396
+ "refs": []
397
+ },
398
+ {
399
+ "sentence": "In 2015, he opened a second gym, Sharma Climbing BCN, in Barcelona in Spain, and in 2021 he opened a third gym, Sharma Climbing Gava, on the outskirts of Barcelona",
400
+ "refs": [
401
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
402
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/chris-sharma-climber-best-all-time-5-15/",
403
+ "https://www.climbing.com/news/exclusive-interview-chris-sharma-makes-5-15c-fa-in-siurana/"
404
+ ]
405
+ },
406
+ {
407
+ "sentence": "Sharma was in a long-term public relationship with the Spanish professional climber Daila Ojeda\u00a0 [fr], and they lived together in Oliana",
408
+ "refs": []
409
+ },
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "In August 2015, he married Venezuelan model and television personality Jimena Alarc\u00f3n, and the couple moved from Oliana to Barcelona",
412
+ "refs": [
413
+ "http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/09.27.00/sharma-0039.html",
414
+ "https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/features/the_next_9c_in_the_world_will_be-15034",
415
+ "https://adventuresportsjournal.com/king-of-the-line/"
416
+ ]
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "sentence": "Their first child, a daughter named Alana, was born in June 2016, and their second child, a son, in 2019",
420
+ "refs": [
421
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
422
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line",
423
+ "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line"
424
+ ]
425
+ }
426
+ ],
427
+ "subsections": [
428
+ {
429
+ "section_title": "Zen",
430
+ "section_content": [
431
+ {
432
+ "sentence": "Sharma's parents were practising Zen Buddhists (although they did not live in at the Mount Madonna ashram) and for long periods Sharma has followed Zen routines (including daily 5.45am temple meditation)",
433
+ "refs": [
434
+ "http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/09.27.00/sharma-0039.html"
435
+ ]
436
+ },
437
+ {
438
+ "sentence": "Sharma has been on various Asian pilgrimages lasting several months, including the Shikoku Pilgrimage in Japan that he undertook after climbing Realization in 2001",
439
+ "refs": [
440
+ "https://www.climbing.com/people/chris-sharma-a-lifetime-of-climbing/",
441
+ "https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/best-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time/",
442
+ "https://www.climbing.com/news/seb-bouin-5-15c-change/"
443
+ ]
444
+ },
445
+ {
446
+ "sentence": "The 2010 book Climbing: Because It's There (Philosophy for Everyone) discussed the impact of Zen Buddhism on Sharma saying: \"Sharma's affinity for Buddhism, and Zen in particular, is well documented in film and print",
447
+ "refs": []
448
+ },
449
+ {
450
+ "sentence": "He exemplifies the spirit of Zen, being humble (but potent), ordinary (but extraordinary), self-aware, and most of all, authentic\"",
451
+ "refs": []
452
+ },
453
+ {
454
+ "sentence": "Sharma has however rejected the label of \"spiritual climber\", saying in 2011: \"To be stereotyped like that definitely detracts from me personally",
455
+ "refs": []
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "sentence": "Like I said, I'm totally happy talking about this stuff",
459
+ "refs": []
460
+ },
461
+ {
462
+ "sentence": "I just don\u2019t want to make some image for myself like I\u2019m some sort of saint or something",
463
+ "refs": []
464
+ },
465
+ {
466
+ "sentence": "I get frustrated, and I get bummed out\"",
467
+ "refs": []
468
+ },
469
+ {
470
+ "sentence": "Sharma is no longer a practicing Zen Buddhist, and said in 2022: \"Climbing is fully engaging\u2026 it\u2019s an easy way to access that [meditative] state of mind\u2026 easier than sitting down and meditating\"",
471
+ "refs": [
472
+ "http://www.metroactive.com/papers/cruz/09.27.00/sharma-0039.html"
473
+ ]
474
+ }
475
+ ],
476
+ "subsections": []
477
+ }
478
+ ]
479
+ },
480
+ {
481
+ "section_title": "Notable ascents",
482
+ "section_content": [],
483
+ "subsections": [
484
+ {
485
+ "section_title": "Redpointed routes",
486
+ "section_content": [
487
+ {
488
+ "sentence": "9b+\u00a0(5.15c):",
489
+ "refs": []
490
+ },
491
+ {
492
+ "sentence": "9b/+\u00a0 (5.15b/c):",
493
+ "refs": []
494
+ },
495
+ {
496
+ "sentence": "9b\u00a0(5.15b):",
497
+ "refs": []
498
+ },
499
+ {
500
+ "sentence": "9a+\u00a0(5.15a):",
501
+ "refs": []
502
+ },
503
+ {
504
+ "sentence": "9a\u00a0(5.14d):",
505
+ "refs": []
506
+ },
507
+ {
508
+ "sentence": "8c+\u00a0(5.14c):",
509
+ "refs": []
510
+ }
511
+ ],
512
+ "subsections": []
513
+ },
514
+ {
515
+ "section_title": "Onsighted routes",
516
+ "section_content": [
517
+ {
518
+ "sentence": "8c\u00a0(5.14b):",
519
+ "refs": []
520
+ }
521
+ ],
522
+ "subsections": []
523
+ },
524
+ {
525
+ "section_title": "Deep-water solo routes",
526
+ "section_content": [
527
+ {
528
+ "sentence": "9a+\u00a0(5.15a):",
529
+ "refs": []
530
+ },
531
+ {
532
+ "sentence": "9a\u00a0(5.14d):",
533
+ "refs": []
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+ }
535
+ ],
536
+ "subsections": []
537
+ },
538
+ {
539
+ "section_title": "Boulder problems",
540
+ "section_content": [
541
+ {
542
+ "sentence": "V15\u00a0(8C):",
543
+ "refs": []
544
+ },
545
+ {
546
+ "sentence": "V12\u00a0(8A+):",
547
+ "refs": []
548
+ }
549
+ ],
550
+ "subsections": []
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+ }
552
+ ]
553
+ },
554
+ {
555
+ "section_title": "Bibliography",
556
+ "section_content": [],
557
+ "subsections": []
558
+ },
559
+ {
560
+ "section_title": "Filmography",
561
+ "section_content": [],
562
+ "subsections": []
563
+ },
564
+ {
565
+ "section_title": "Competitions",
566
+ "section_content": [
567
+ {
568
+ "sentence": "After 2001, Sharma largely abandoned most competition climbing but did take part in various US events: [c]",
569
+ "refs": []
570
+ }
571
+ ],
572
+ "subsections": []
573
+ },
574
+ {
575
+ "section_title": "See also",
576
+ "section_content": [],
577
+ "subsections": []
578
+ },
579
+ {
580
+ "section_title": "Notes",
581
+ "section_content": [],
582
+ "subsections": []
583
+ },
584
+ {
585
+ "section_title": "References",
586
+ "section_content": [],
587
+ "subsections": []
588
+ },
589
+ {
590
+ "section_title": "External links",
591
+ "section_content": [],
592
+ "subsections": []
593
+ }
594
+ ],
595
+ "references": {
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+ "2": "https://www.climbing.com/people/chris-sharma-climber-best-all-time-5-15/",
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+ "3": "https://www.npr.org/2007/11/01/15825820/rock-climber-chris-sharma-chases-next-king-line",
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+ "4": "https://www.climbing.com/people/interview-the-future-of-sharma/",
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+ "5": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210723145125/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/article/adam-ondra",
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+ "6": "https://www.climbing.com/people/sharma-king-of-kings/",
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+ "7": "https://www.outsideonline.com/culture/books-media/best-climbing-mountaineering-films-of-all-time/",
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+ "10": "https://www.climbing.com/people/chris-sharma-a-lifetime-of-climbing/",
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+ "11": "https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jan-19-tm-sharma3-story.html",
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+ "12": "https://www.rockandice.com/videos/climbing/the-secret-climb-of-chris-sharma-and-stefan-glowacz-2/",
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+ "13": "http://rockandice.com/features/perfect-play-what-it-took-to-climb-la-dura-dura-5-15c-the-worlds-hardest-route",
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+ "23": "https://gripped.com/news/chris-sharma-turns-40-today-happy-birthday/",
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+ "24": "https://www.climbing.com/news/groundbreaking-515-gets-second-ascent/",
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+ "25": "https://eveningsends.com/setting-and-revising-the-record-in-climbing/",
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+ "26": "https://gearjunkie.com/climbing/hardest-climbing-grade-controversy-explained",
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+ "27": "https://www.climbing.com/news/jonathan-siegrist-sends-biographie-5-15a-aka-realization/",
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+ "28": "https://www.planetmountain.com/en/news/competitions/bouldering-world-cup-2001-munich-the-results.html",
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637
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639
+ "44": "https://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/features/the_next_9c_in_the_world_will_be-15034",
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+ "46": "http://www.espn.com/magazine/vol6no01sharma.html",
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+ "51": "https://www.lacrux.com/en/latest-news/daila-ojeda-about-life-in-a-new-country/",
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+ "52": "http://www.espn.com/espn/photos/gallery/_/id/9428872/image/18/chris-sharma-daila-ojeda-2013-body-issue-bodies-want-espn-magazine",
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+ "54": "https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781444327717.ch9",
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+ "title": "Christian_Atsu",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Atsu",
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+ "summary": "Christian Atsu Twasam (10 January 1992 \u2013 c.\u20096 February 2023) was a Ghanaian professional footballer who primarily played as a winger, although he was deployed as an attacking midfielder or left back.\nAtsu began his career with Porto, also spending a season on loan at Rio Ave. In 2013, he was signed by Chelsea for \u00a33.5 million, who subsequently loaned him to Vitesse Arnhem, Everton, Bournemouth and M\u00e1laga. After spending the 2016\u201317 season on loan at Newcastle United, he completed a permanent transfer to the club in May 2017. Following the end of his four-year contract he played for Al Raed in Saudi Arabia and Hatayspor in Turkey, where he died in the 2023 Turkey\u2013Syria earthquake at age 31.\nA full international with 65 caps from 2012 to 2019, Atsu represented Ghana at the 2014 FIFA World Cup and four Africa Cup of Nations tournaments. He helped the team finish as runners-up at the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations, in which he also won Player of the Tournament and Goal of the Tournament.",
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+ "section_title": "Early life",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ "sentence": "Atsu was born in Ada Foah, Greater Accra Region",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He grew up in extreme poverty",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/artikel.php?ID=240487"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He was one of ten siblings, including his twin sister, while his father was a fisherman and farmer on the banks of the Volta River",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.biography.com/athletes/a42792200/christian-atsu-turkey-earthquake"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu spent a portion of his education at the Feyenoord Football Academy in Gomoa Fetteh, in the Central Region of Ghana and later attended the West African Football Academy at Sogakope, in the Volta Region of Ghana",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He later moved to join Cheetah FC, a club based in Kasoa",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/football/2019/feb/21/christian-atsu-newcastle-rafael-benitez"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Club career",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Porto",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu arrived at Porto at the age of 17",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 14 May 2011, he was called up by first-team manager Andr\u00e9 Villas-Boas for a Primeira Liga match against Mar\u00edtimo, but he did not leave the bench",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "As with teammate Kelvin, Atsu was sent on loan to fellow league side Rio Ave for the 2011\u201312 season",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He made his debut in the competition on 28 August 2011, in a 0\u20131 home loss against Olhanense",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 16 December 2011, Atsu opened the score at Est\u00e1dio da Luz against Benfica in the 24th minute, but the hosts eventually won it 5\u20131",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He returned to Porto for the 2012\u201313 campaign, starting in nine of his league appearances as they won the national championship for the third consecutive time",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Chelsea",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 1 September 2013, Atsu agreed to join Chelsea on a five-year contract, for a reported \u00a33.5\u00a0million, being immediately loaned to Dutch club Vitesse Arnhem, for the rest of the 2013\u201314 season",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Loan to Vitesse",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 6 October 2013, Atsu made his debut against Feyenoord as a substitute, replacing Kazaishvili in the 77th minute",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He went on to provide an assist to Mike Havenaar, but it was not enough to prevent a 2\u20131 loss for Vitesse",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 19 October, Atsu made his first start against SC Heerenveen, which ended in a 3\u20132 win for Vitesse",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/10/06/netherlands/eredivisie/sbv-vitesse/feyenoord-rotterdam-nv/1478409/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 9 November, he converted a penalty for his first goal with Vitesse, against FC Utrecht; the match ended in a 3\u20131 win for Vitesse",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2013/10/19/netherlands/eredivisie/sportclub-heerenveen/sbv-vitesse/1478419/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In total, Atsu played 30 games and scored 5 goals for the Dutch side as they finished 6th in the league and qualified to the playoffs.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Loan to Everton",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 13 August 2014, Atsu joined fellow Premier League club Everton on loan until the end of the 2014\u201315 season",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "He made his first appearance for the club 10 days later, coming on as an 85th-minute substitute for Kevin Mirallas in a 2\u20132 draw with Arsenal at Goodison Park",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20140814001307/http://www.evertonfc.com/news/archive/2014/08/13/atsu-deal-complete"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu made his first start in the league on 21 September 2014 against Crystal Palace, which ended in a 2\u20133 home loss",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "After his absence due to the Africa Cup of Nations, he returned to the line-up on 19 February 2015 in a Europa League match against BSC Young Boys, playing out the last five minutes after replacing hat-trick scorer Romelu Lukaku",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2014/09/21/england/premier-league/everton-football-club/crystal-palace-fc/1703579/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "and came off the bench three days later to set up a late equaliser in a 2\u20132 draw at home to Leicester City",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/31523676"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 15 March 2015, in the match against Newcastle United, he came off the bench with five minutes remaining, and provided an assist to fellow substitute Ross Barkley for Everton's third goal of a 3\u20130 home victory",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Following Atsu's impact as a substitute in the above games, he was picked to start the second leg of a Europa League Round of 16 match away to Dynamo Kyiv on 19 March with regular right-winger Aaron Lennon cup-tied, with Everton leading 2\u20131 from the first leg",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4349/main/2015/03/16/9879872/atsu-helps-everton-to-big-premier-league-victory-over"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "His team were eliminated after losing 5\u20132 on the night, he was withdrawn in the 65th minute, and that was his final first-team appearance for Everton",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31949673"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Loan to Bournemouth",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 29 May 2015, Atsu was loaned to newly promoted Premier League team Bournemouth for the upcoming season, with club Chief Executive Neill Blake calling the deal \"a huge coup\"",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He made his debut on 25 August in the second round of the League Cup, starting in a 4\u20130 win at Hartlepool United",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/32936402"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu's only other appearance was in the next round's victory at Preston North End; he did not feature in any Bournemouth matchday squad in the league and he was recalled from his loan by Chelsea on 1 January 2016",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Loan to M\u00e1laga",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 24 January 2016, Atsu gave an interview with the BBC World Service in which he spoke about leaving Chelsea and his imminent transfer to Levante",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The next day, it was confirmed that he would be instead moving to M\u00e1laga on loan",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p03gf8hb"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 5 February 2016, Atsu made his debut in the starting eleven and scored in a 3\u20130 victory over Getafe CF",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11668/10143657/christian-atsu-leaves-chelsea-for-malaga-on-loan"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Newcastle United",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 31 August 2016, Atsu joined Newcastle United on a one-year loan deal with an option to buy clause in the contract",
208
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 13 September, his debut for the club came on as a substitute for Yoan Gouffran in the 61st minute in a 6\u20130 away victory against Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road, where he provided the assist to Aleksandar Mitrovi\u0107 to earn their fifth goal",
212
+ "refs": [
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+ "http://www.espnfc.com/story/2940664/newcastle-complete-loan-deal-for-chelsea-winger-christian-atsu"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu scored his first goal for the club in a 1\u20130 win against Rotherham United on 1 October, followed by further goals against Cardiff City and Wigan Athletic.",
218
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37282510",
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+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37458708"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In May 2017, Atsu signed a four-year deal to join Newcastle permanently for \u00a36.2\u00a0million from Chelsea",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He was released at its conclusion",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "http://www.skysports.com/football/news/11678/10879870/chelsea-winger-christian-atsu-agrees-to-join-newcastle"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Al-Raed",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 17 July 2021, Atsu joined Al-Raed",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Limited by injury, he played only eight games in the Saudi Professional League",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.goal.com/en/news/christian-atsu-ghana-winger-joins-saudi-club-al-raed/1p600v7d94d8u1k52ru3ruvc5j"
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Hatayspor",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 6 September 2022, Atsu signed for S\u00fcper Lig club Hatayspor on an initial one-year contract with the option for a further year",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He played three league games and one in the Turkish Cup, and scored the only goal at home to Kas\u0131mpa\u015fa in the seventh minute of added time on 5 February 2023, the day before the earthquake that killed him",
261
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://hatayspor.org.tr/2022/09/06/christian-atsu-atakas-hataysporumuzda/"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "International career",
272
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu won his first senior cap for the Ghana national team on 1 June 2012 against Lesotho, scoring in the process",
275
+ "refs": []
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+ },
277
+ {
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+ "sentence": "He was described by the BBC as an \"excellent prospect\", whilst ESPN added he was \"quick and technically impressive\", and a potential future star for his national team",
279
+ "refs": [
280
+ "http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/artikel.php?ID=240857",
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+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/19570312"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The following year, he was in the Ghanaian squad for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations in South Africa",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He started the first match, a 2\u20132 draw against the DR Congo, and was a substitute in the following 1\u20130 win over Mali",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He returned to the starting line-up in the last group match against Niger in Port Elizabeth, scoring the second goal of a 3\u20130 win which put his country into the quarter-finals as group winners",
294
+ "refs": []
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+ },
296
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu featured in the rest of Ghana's matches as they came fourth, scoring in their penalty shootout elimination by Burkina Faso",
298
+ "refs": [
299
+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21044464"
300
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu was selected for the 2014 FIFA World Cup squad, starting in all the matches as Ghana were eliminated in the group stage.",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/ghana/10810459/Ghana-World-Cup-2014-squad.html"
306
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+ },
308
+ {
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+ "sentence": "At the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations, Atsu scored twice in a 3\u20130 win over Guinea in the quarter-finals",
310
+ "refs": []
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+ },
312
+ {
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+ "sentence": "He helped the team to the final, where they lost in a penalty shootout against the Ivory Coast",
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+ "refs": [
315
+ "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30971820"
316
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At the end of the tournament, he was awarded with both the Player of the Tournament award, as well as the Goal of the Tournament award for his strike against Guinea",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu was also named in the Team of the Tournament for the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations in Gabon, where Ghana came fourth",
324
+ "refs": []
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+ },
326
+ {
327
+ "sentence": "He was called up for the 2019 edition in Egypt",
328
+ "refs": [
329
+ "https://www.snl24.com/soccerladuma/international/afcon/caf-announce-2017-team-of-afcon-20170206"
330
+ ]
331
+ }
332
+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Personal life",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu was a devout Christian who shared Bible verses on social media",
340
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Described by The Guardian obituary writer Louise Taylor as \"a true Christian in every sense of the word\", he was active in charity, being an ambassador for Arms Around the Child, an organisation supporting disadvantaged children; he also paid thousands of pounds of bail money to free Ghanaians who had been jailed for stealing food",
344
+ "refs": [
345
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20171117040523/http://www.xtheline.co.uk/football-christian-atsu/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu was married to author Marie-Claire Rupio with whom he had two sons and a daughter",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Death and funeral",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 6 February 2023, Atsu went missing in the immediate aftermath of the 2023 Turkey\u2013Syria earthquake; he was feared to be among those trapped under the rubble of Hatayspor's headquarters in Antakya following the quake",
360
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu had been scheduled to fly out of southern Turkey hours before the quake, but Hatayspor's manager said he stayed with the club after scoring the winning goal in a 5 February match",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/64545010",
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+ "https://news.sky.com/story/newcastle-united-praying-for-former-star-missing-after-turkey-earthquake-12804713"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 7 February, club vice-president Mustafa \u00d6zat said Atsu had been rescued and was recovering in hospital, while on 8 February manager Volkan Demirel said that Atsu and sporting director Taner Savut were still missing",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.espn.com/soccer/hatayspor/story/4880197/christian-atsu-found-dead-under-rubble-in-turkey-earthquakes",
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+ "https://theguardian.com/football/2023/feb/06/christian-atsu-turkey-earthquakes-hatayspor-newcastle-chelsea",
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+ "https://www.fanatik.com.tr/hatayspor/son-dakika-haberi-hataysporlu-christian-atsudan-iyi-haber-2502009",
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/64552881"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 14 February, Atsu's agent confirmed two pairs of his shoes had been found, but that Atsu himself had still not been found",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.ntvspor.net/futbol/atsu-icin-aciklama-portekiz-de-ulasildi-dediler-ama-biz-ulasamiyoruz-63e167810d0b57102060e1c0",
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+ "https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/spor/volkan-demirel-iddialari-yalanladi-atsu-ve-tanerden-haber-yok-2049581?utm_medium=Slider%20Haber&utm_source=Cumhuriyet%20Anasayfa&utm_campaign=Slider%20Haber",
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/64572031"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 18 February, confirmation was received by his agent that his body was recovered from the rubble of the building he was residing in",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/feb/14/christian-atsu-yet-to-be-found-shoes-recovered-agent-turkey-syria-earthquake"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "News outlets reported his death at approximately 6\u00a0a.m",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "GMT",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu's former club Newcastle United paid tribute to him at their game against Liverpool on 18 February",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Prior to the start of the game, a minute of applause was held before the start of the game",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atsu's widow and their children were in attendance",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The tribute was also made at other Premier League games that occurred over the weekend",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Premier League's Twitter account tweeted:",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/football/2023/feb/18/ghanaian-footballer-christian-atsu-found-dead-under-turkey-rubble",
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+ "https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/christian-atsu-death-earthquake-tributes-b2284907.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "His body was flown from Turkey to his family in Ghana on 20 February",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Vice President of Ghana Mahamudu Bawumia spoke at his funeral, and a military procession was held in his honour",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.espn.com/soccer/ghana-gha/story/4882925/body-of-ghana-player-christian-atsu-arrives-home-in-accra"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "A one-week observation was made in honour of Christian Atsu on Saturday, 4 March 2023, at the Adjiringanor AstroTurf in Accra, Ghana",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xiGvDqKMKnQ"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 17 March 2023, Atsu was accorded a state-assisted funeral at the Forecourt of the State House in Accra before being buried in his hometown, Dogobome in Ada Foah",
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+ "refs": [
442
+ "https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/First-photos-from-Christian-Atsu-s-one-week-celebration-1725089"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Career statistics",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
453
+ "section_title": "Club",
454
+ "section_content": [],
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+ },
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+ {
458
+ "section_title": "International",
459
+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Honours",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ "sentence": "Porto Youth",
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "References",
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
499
+ {
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+ "section_title": "External links",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "79": "https://www.espn.co.uk/football/report/_/gameId/364528",
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+ "65th": "ORDINAL",
712
+ "29 may 2015": "DATE",
713
+ "premier league": "ORG",
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+ "neill blake": "PERSON",
715
+ "25 august": "DATE",
716
+ "the league cup": "EVENT",
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+ "4\u20130": "CARDINAL",
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+ "hartlepool united": "GPE",
719
+ "preston north end": "ORG",
720
+ "bournemouth": "NORP",
721
+ "1 january 2016": "DATE",
722
+ "24 january 2016": "DATE",
723
+ "the bbc world service": "ORG",
724
+ "levante": "PERSON",
725
+ "the next day": "DATE",
726
+ "5 february 2016": "DATE",
727
+ "eleven": "DATE",
728
+ "getafe cf": "ORG",
729
+ "newcastle united\n\n": "GPE",
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+ "31 august 2016": "DATE",
731
+ "one-year": "DATE",
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+ "13 september": "DATE",
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+ "yoan gouffran": "PERSON",
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+ "6\u20130": "CARDINAL",
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+ "queens park rangers": "ORG",
736
+ "loftus road": "FAC",
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+ "aleksandar mitrovi\u0107": "LOC",
738
+ "fifth": "ORDINAL",
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+ "1\u20130": "CARDINAL",
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+ "rotherham united": "GPE",
741
+ "1 october": "DATE",
742
+ "cardiff city": "GPE",
743
+ "wigan athletic": "PERSON",
744
+ "newcastle": "GPE",
745
+ "\u00a36.2\u00a0million": "MONEY",
746
+ "al-raed": "ORG",
747
+ "17 july 2021": "DATE",
748
+ "only eight": "CARDINAL",
749
+ "the saudi professional league": "ORG",
750
+ "6 september 2022": "DATE",
751
+ "s\u00fcper lig": "ORG",
752
+ "an initial one-year": "DATE",
753
+ "a further year": "DATE",
754
+ "three": "CARDINAL",
755
+ "the turkish cup": "EVENT",
756
+ "kas\u0131mpa\u015fa": "PERSON",
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+ "seventh": "ORDINAL",
758
+ "5 february 2023": "DATE",
759
+ "the day": "DATE",
760
+ "1 june 2012": "DATE",
761
+ "lesotho": "ORG",
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+ "bbc": "ORG",
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+ "espn": "ORG",
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+ "the following year": "DATE",
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+ "south africa": "GPE",
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+ "the dr congo": "ORG",
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+ "mali": "PERSON",
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+ "niger": "ORG",
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+ "port elizabeth": "GPE",
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+ "fourth": "ORDINAL",
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+ "burkina faso": "ORG",
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+ "guinea": "GPE",
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+ "the ivory coast": "GPE",
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+ "the team of the tournament for the": "ORG",
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+ "2017": "DATE",
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+ "gabon": "GPE",
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+ "2019": "DATE",
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+ "egypt": "GPE",
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+ "bible": "WORK_OF_ART",
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+ "guardian": "ORG",
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+ "louise taylor": "PERSON",
782
+ "thousands of pounds": "QUANTITY",
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+ "ghanaians": "NORP",
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+ "marie-claire rupio": "PERSON",
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+ "two": "CARDINAL",
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+ "6 february 2023": "DATE",
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+ "antakya": "LOC",
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+ "february": "DATE",
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+ "7 february": "DATE",
790
+ "mustafa \u00f6zat": "PERSON",
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+ "8 february": "DATE",
792
+ "volkan demirel": "PERSON",
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+ "taner savut": "PERSON",
794
+ "14 february": "DATE",
795
+ "18 february": "DATE",
796
+ "gmt": "PERSON",
797
+ "liverpool": "ORG",
798
+ "a minute": "TIME",
799
+ "the weekend": "DATE",
800
+ "twitter": "PRODUCT",
801
+ "20 february": "DATE",
802
+ "ghana mahamudu bawumia": "PERSON",
803
+ "one-week": "DATE",
804
+ "saturday": "DATE",
805
+ "march 2023": "DATE",
806
+ "accra": "GPE",
807
+ "17 march 2023": "DATE",
808
+ "the state house": "ORG",
809
+ "dogobome": "ORG",
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+ "career": "FAC",
811
+ "porto youth": "PERSON"
812
+ },
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+ "flair_entities": [
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+ "mike havenaar",
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+ "feyenoord",
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+ "gmt",
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+ "hartlepool united",
818
+ "fifa world cup",
819
+ "2015 africa cup of nations",
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+ "state house",
821
+ "porto atsu",
822
+ "kelvin",
823
+ "crystal palace",
824
+ "ivory coast",
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+ "queens park rangers",
826
+ "andr\u00e9 villas-boas",
827
+ "vitesse arnhem",
828
+ "newcastle",
829
+ "turkey",
830
+ "gabon",
831
+ "player of the tournament",
832
+ "marie-claire rupio",
833
+ "bournemouth",
834
+ "everton",
835
+ "europa league round of 16",
836
+ "goodison park",
837
+ "cheetah fc",
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+ "sc heerenveen",
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+ "team of the tournament",
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+ "africa cup of nations",
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+ "neill blake",
842
+ "saudi arabia",
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+ "league cup",
844
+ "niger",
845
+ "goal of the tournament award",
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+ "porto",
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+ "west african football academy",
848
+ "dr congo",
849
+ "central region",
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+ "greater accra region",
851
+ "louise taylor",
852
+ "bbc world service",
853
+ "mustafa \u00f6zat",
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+ "guinea",
855
+ "benfica",
856
+ "primeira liga",
857
+ "christian",
858
+ "al raed",
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+ "m\u00e1laga",
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+ "antakya",
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+ "goal of the tournament",
862
+ "aaron lennon",
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+ "twitter",
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+ "2017 africa cup of nations",
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+ "taner savut",
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+ "christian atsu",
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+ "loftus road",
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+ "atsu",
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+ "mali",
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+ "ross barkley",
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+ "arms around the child",
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+ "the guardian",
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+ "kas\u0131mpa\u015fa",
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+ "volta region",
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+ "newcastle united",
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+ "feyenoord football academy",
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+ "mar\u00edtimo",
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+ "est\u00e1dio da luz",
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+ "atsu christian atsu twasam",
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+ "syria",
881
+ "lesotho",
882
+ "al-raed",
883
+ "gomoa fetteh",
884
+ "ghanaian",
885
+ "burkina faso",
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+ "arsenal",
887
+ "cardiff city",
888
+ "bsc young boys",
889
+ "levante",
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+ "hatayspor",
891
+ "kazaishvili",
892
+ "kevin mirallas",
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+ "bible",
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+ "volkan demirel",
895
+ "ghana mahamudu bawumia",
896
+ "aleksandar mitrovi\u0107",
897
+ "leicester city",
898
+ "wigan athletic",
899
+ "fc utrecht",
900
+ "ghana",
901
+ "liverpool",
902
+ "europa league",
903
+ "dutch",
904
+ "port elizabeth",
905
+ "vitesse",
906
+ "saudi professional league",
907
+ "rotherham united",
908
+ "chelsea",
909
+ "romelu lukaku",
910
+ "south africa",
911
+ "preston north end",
912
+ "s\u00fcper lig",
913
+ "sogakope",
914
+ "egypt",
915
+ "dogobome",
916
+ "accra",
917
+ "yoan gouffran",
918
+ "olhanense",
919
+ "premier league",
920
+ "turkish cup",
921
+ "ada foah",
922
+ "kasoa",
923
+ "rio ave",
924
+ "dynamo kyiv",
925
+ "bbc",
926
+ "news",
927
+ "porto youth",
928
+ "getafe cf",
929
+ "adjiringanor astroturf",
930
+ "espn",
931
+ "volta river",
932
+ "ghanaians"
933
+ ]
934
+ }
json/Cyclone_Batsirai.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,879 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Cyclone_Batsirai",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Batsirai",
4
+ "summary": "Intense Tropical Cyclone Batsirai was a deadly tropical cyclone which heavily impacted Madagascar in February 2022, becoming the strongest tropical cyclone to strike Madagascar since Cyclone Enawo in 2017. It made landfall two weeks after Tropical Storm Ana brought deadly floods to the island country in late January. The second tropical disturbance, the first tropical cyclone, and the first intense tropical cyclone of the 2021\u201322 South-West Indian Ocean cyclone season, Batsirai originated from a tropical disturbance that was first noted on 24 January 2022. It fluctuated in intensity and became a moderate tropical storm on 27 January 2022, after which it unexpectedly rapidly intensified into an intense tropical cyclone. It then weakened and struggled to intensify through the coming days due to present wind shear and dry air, where it weakened after some time. Afterward, it entered much more favorable conditions, rapidly intensified yet again to a high-end Category 4 cyclone on the Saffir\u2013Simpson scale while moving towards Madagascar. The storm underwent an eyewall replacement cycle the next day, and fluctuated in intensity before making landfall in Madagascar as a Category 3 cyclone, later rapidly weakening due to the mountainous terrain on the island.\nMauritius and R\u00e9union both experienced damage from the storm, though the effects were relatively minor. 123 deaths were reported due to Batsirai, 121 deaths were reported in Madagascar and 2 deaths were reported in Mauritius. As the storm approached, Madagascar prepared recovery supplies, with worries of significant flooding due to the more barren geography of the country. The United Nations supported preparation and relief efforts for after the storm as well, since millions were expected to be affected by it. Batsirai made landfall in the country early on 5 February, and brought heavy impacts and majorly disrupting power and communication throughout the affected areas. Entire towns were devastated, with thousands of structures being damaged or destroyed. After the storm passed, thousands of people evacuated to temporary shelters. Batsirai left at least 112,000 displaced, and 124,000 homes affected. Overall, Cyclone Batsirai caused a total of $190 million in damages throughout the storm's life. The same areas were affected a year later by a more powerful cyclone named Cyclone Freddy.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Meteorological history",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "The origins of Cyclone Batsirai can be traced back to 23 January, when the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) reported that a tropical low had formed outside of the Australian region, well to the northwest of the Cocos Islands",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "The M\u00e9t\u00e9o-France La R\u00e9union (MFR) [nb 1] took note of the low, along with the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) [nb 2] which designated the low as Invest 96S",
15
+ "refs": [
16
+ "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/rNNt0",
17
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
18
+ ]
19
+ },
20
+ {
21
+ "sentence": "The disturbance was located within a marginally favourable environment for further development, with high levels of vertical wind shear, being offset by warm sea surface temperatures of around 29\u201330\u00a0\u00b0C (84\u201386\u00a0\u00b0F), therefore the agency gave a low chance for potential tropical cyclogenesis within the next 24 hours",
22
+ "refs": []
23
+ },
24
+ {
25
+ "sentence": "A day later at 00:30 UTC, the agency upgraded the probability to medium after the system gradually improved its convective pattern",
26
+ "refs": [
27
+ "http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/frequently-asked-questions-1/frequently-asked-questions"
28
+ ]
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "sentence": "Later at 21:30 UTC the same day, the agency issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) for Invest 96S, after noting its obscure low-level circulation center",
32
+ "refs": [
33
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
34
+ ]
35
+ },
36
+ {
37
+ "sentence": "By 25 January, the low briefly entered the Australian region, before exiting by the next day, when the MFR upgraded the low to tropical disturbance status",
38
+ "refs": [
39
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220123000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt"
40
+ ]
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "sentence": "According to them, the system's convection had shown signs of gradual organization since 24 January",
44
+ "refs": [
45
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220124000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt",
46
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220124000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9622web.txt",
47
+ "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/Jqwv3"
48
+ ]
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "sentence": "The center had become better defined with low-level clouds converging towards it in a defined circular pattern, suggesting that a closed circulation had formed",
52
+ "refs": []
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "sentence": "The MFR further upgraded it to a tropical depression at 12:00 UTC the same day, as it continued to improve its convective structure along its low-level center",
56
+ "refs": [
57
+ "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/Jqwv3"
58
+ ]
59
+ },
60
+ {
61
+ "sentence": "After its convective activity was briefly interrupted after 18:00 UTC due to dry air, The JTWC subsequently initiated advisories on the system and classified it as Tropical Cyclone 08S at 03:00 UTC the next day",
62
+ "refs": [
63
+ "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/ciNCA",
64
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201260600_1_2_20212022.pdf"
65
+ ]
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "sentence": "Three hours later, the MFR reported that the system had become a moderate tropical storm, and the Mauritius Meteorological Services named it Batsirai",
69
+ "refs": []
70
+ },
71
+ {
72
+ "sentence": "[nb 3] [nb 4] Between 06:00 UTC and 12:00 UTC, Batsirai underwent rapid deepening and intensified from a moderate tropical storm to an intense tropical cyclone within a span of three hours",
73
+ "refs": [
74
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201261800_3_2_20212022.pdf",
75
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220127000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt"
76
+ ]
77
+ },
78
+ {
79
+ "sentence": "According to the MFR, it was favoured by the very small size of the system and its fast movement",
80
+ "refs": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "sentence": "It had also established an inner core 75 to 90\u00a0km (45 to 55\u00a0mi) in diameter",
84
+ "refs": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "sentence": "Two hours later, the JTWC also upgraded it to a Category 2 tropical cyclone on the Saffir\u2013Simpson scale, as it developed a small eye at about 7\u00a0nmi (13\u00a0km; 8.1\u00a0mi) in diameter",
88
+ "refs": [
89
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
90
+ ]
91
+ },
92
+ {
93
+ "sentence": "However, by 18:00 UTC, it started to rapidly decline after its eye quickly collapsed and the cloud tops had warmed",
94
+ "refs": [
95
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
96
+ ]
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "Because of these reasons, the MFR downgraded it to a tropical cyclone",
100
+ "refs": []
101
+ },
102
+ {
103
+ "sentence": "At midnight of 28 January, it was further downgraded to a moderate tropical storm, after further weakening of the convective structure",
104
+ "refs": [
105
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201270600_BATSIRAI.pdf"
106
+ ]
107
+ },
108
+ {
109
+ "sentence": "Three hours later, the JTWC downgraded it back to a tropical storm status",
110
+ "refs": [
111
+ "http://metservice.intnet.mu/current-cyclone.php"
112
+ ]
113
+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "sentence": "Batsirai resumed its intensification after being upgraded to a severe tropical storm at 06:00 UTC the next day",
116
+ "refs": []
117
+ },
118
+ {
119
+ "sentence": "Nine hours later, the JTWC upgraded it to a Category 1 tropical cyclone",
120
+ "refs": [
121
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220127000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt"
122
+ ]
123
+ },
124
+ {
125
+ "sentence": "At 03:00 UTC on 30 January, the JTWC further upgraded it to a Category 2 tropical cyclone after noting a well-defined central dense overcast and a microwave eye feature",
126
+ "refs": [
127
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201271800_BATSIRAI.pdf"
128
+ ]
129
+ },
130
+ {
131
+ "sentence": "The MFR further upgraded it to tropical cyclone status at midday",
132
+ "refs": [
133
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201280000_BATSIRAI.pdf"
134
+ ]
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "sentence": "Three hours later, the JTWC upgraded it to a Category 3 tropical cyclone, as its eyewall had expanded and also developed a 5\u00a0nmi (9.3\u00a0km; 5.8\u00a0mi) wide pinhole-eye",
138
+ "refs": [
139
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220128000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt"
140
+ ]
141
+ },
142
+ {
143
+ "sentence": "However, this was short-lived, and it weakened to Category 1 status by 03:00 UTC on 1 February, as its pinhole-shaped eye collapsed and its eyewall became disorganized, possibly due to the influence of increasing vertical wind shear",
144
+ "refs": [
145
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201290600_BATSIRAI.pdf"
146
+ ]
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "sentence": "At 15:00 UTC the same day, however, it re - strengthened to Category 2 status, as it managed to consolidate and its eye feature re-appeared on satellite imagery",
150
+ "refs": [
151
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220131000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt",
152
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220131000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt"
153
+ ]
154
+ },
155
+ {
156
+ "sentence": "Three hours later, the MFR upgraded it to an intense tropical cyclone",
157
+ "refs": [
158
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201301200_BATSIRAI.pdf"
159
+ ]
160
+ },
161
+ {
162
+ "sentence": "By 03:00 UTC on 2 February, the cyclone underwent another round of rapid intensification, intensifying from a Category 2 to a Category 4 tropical cyclone",
163
+ "refs": []
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "sentence": "Its eyewall rapidly organized and also developed a 15\u00a0nmi (28\u00a0km; 17\u00a0mi) wide eye",
167
+ "refs": [
168
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220131000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt"
169
+ ]
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "sentence": "After reaching its peak at 12:00 UTC, satellite imagery depicted the formation of another eyewall and signs of weakening",
173
+ "refs": [
174
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220131000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt"
175
+ ]
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "sentence": "It weakened to a Category 3 system during this time",
179
+ "refs": [
180
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220131000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt",
181
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220201000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt"
182
+ ]
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "sentence": "After completing the eyewall replacement cycle, the storm again briefly intensified into a Category 4 system, with MFR determining that Batsirai's central barometric pressure had rapidly fallen to 934 hPa (mbar; 27.58 inHg)",
186
+ "refs": []
187
+ },
188
+ {
189
+ "sentence": "It weakened again to a Category 3 system, though it still maintained its overall convective structure",
190
+ "refs": [
191
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202202011800_BATSIRAI.pdf"
192
+ ]
193
+ },
194
+ {
195
+ "sentence": "Gradually weakening due to land interaction with Madagascar, it made landfall at 17:30 UTC on 5 February close to the city of Nosy Varika",
196
+ "refs": []
197
+ },
198
+ {
199
+ "sentence": "MFR declared that Batsirai had degenerated into an overland depression, with the JTWC downgrading it to a tropical storm",
200
+ "refs": []
201
+ },
202
+ {
203
+ "sentence": "The system entered into the Mozambique Channel, and the MFR re-upgraded the system to a moderate tropical storm",
204
+ "refs": [
205
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202202021800_BATSIRAI.pdf",
206
+ "https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0821web.txt"
207
+ ]
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "sentence": "By 7 February, it weakened into a remnant low before transitioning into a post-tropical cyclone",
211
+ "refs": [
212
+ "https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0821web.txt"
213
+ ]
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "sentence": "Despite fluctuating convective activity, high wind shear, and low sea surface temperatures, due to baroclinic forces, the MFR upgraded the system to a moderate tropical storm once more",
217
+ "refs": [
218
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202202041200_BATSIRAI.pdf",
219
+ "https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0821web.txt"
220
+ ]
221
+ },
222
+ {
223
+ "sentence": "It then underwent subtropical transition according to the JTWC, with the agency ceasing advisories on the system on 15:00 UTC of 8 February",
224
+ "refs": [
225
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202202060000_BATSIRAI.pdf"
226
+ ]
227
+ },
228
+ {
229
+ "sentence": "MFR issued their last advisory on the storm on 8 February as it again transitioned into a post-tropical cyclone, with the system being last noted on 11 February",
230
+ "refs": [
231
+ "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202202060000_BATSIRAI.pdf"
232
+ ]
233
+ }
234
+ ],
235
+ "subsections": []
236
+ },
237
+ {
238
+ "section_title": "Preparations",
239
+ "section_content": [],
240
+ "subsections": [
241
+ {
242
+ "section_title": "Mauritius",
243
+ "section_content": [
244
+ {
245
+ "sentence": "A total of 454 people, in 182 affected families, sought shelter in 45 centers",
246
+ "refs": []
247
+ },
248
+ {
249
+ "sentence": "They were all surveyed in order to give them the necessary help after the storm",
250
+ "refs": []
251
+ },
252
+ {
253
+ "sentence": "The Minister of Social Integration, Social Security, and National Solidarity, Mrs",
254
+ "refs": []
255
+ },
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "Fazila Jeewa-Daureeawoo, made the announcement about the procedure on 7 February",
258
+ "refs": []
259
+ }
260
+ ],
261
+ "subsections": []
262
+ },
263
+ {
264
+ "section_title": "Madagascar",
265
+ "section_content": [
266
+ {
267
+ "sentence": "The impacts of Tropical Storm Ana were compounded by the damage that Batsirai brought",
268
+ "refs": []
269
+ },
270
+ {
271
+ "sentence": "Schools and churches prepared to shelter those displaced around Mananjary",
272
+ "refs": []
273
+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "sentence": "World Food Programme distributed hot meals to 4,000 evacuated and displaced people in shelters",
276
+ "refs": [
277
+ "https://www.lequotidien.re/actualites/thematiques/economie/batsirai-47-millions-de-pertes-agricoles/"
278
+ ]
279
+ },
280
+ {
281
+ "sentence": "Drinking water and basic necessities were lacking in impacted areas, and the spreading of several diseases was also a concern",
282
+ "refs": [
283
+ "https://reliefweb.int/report/madagascar/southern-africa-cyclone-season-flash-update-no-6-tropical-cyclone-batsirai-13"
284
+ ]
285
+ },
286
+ {
287
+ "sentence": "A humanitarian crisis was also feared to rise out of the storm's effects",
288
+ "refs": [
289
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290
+ ]
291
+ },
292
+ {
293
+ "sentence": "Aerial rescue effort first took place on 6 February via an UNHAS flight",
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+ "refs": [
295
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296
+ ]
297
+ },
298
+ {
299
+ "sentence": "The Malagasy government provided households affected with monetary donations",
300
+ "refs": []
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "sentence": "UNICEF also supported relief efforts by giving out kits to create child-friendly spaces in several regions of the country",
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+ "refs": []
305
+ },
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+ {
307
+ "sentence": "Other measures were taken to help decrease incidents inside of shelters as well",
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+ "refs": []
309
+ },
310
+ {
311
+ "sentence": "A team that initially consisted of five EU Civil Protection officials from France, Finland, and Sweden traveled to affected areas to help victims of the storm",
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+ "refs": [
313
+ "https://wtvbam.com/2022/02/09/madagascar-death-toll-from-cyclone-batsirai-rises-to-80-state-agency/"
314
+ ]
315
+ },
316
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The PRIOI had deployed 87 tons of humanitarian material from its warehouses in the country to use for relief efforts, an effort that cost approximately \u20ac667,000",
318
+ "refs": []
319
+ },
320
+ {
321
+ "sentence": "An estimated 75,000 people\u2014including 37,500 children\u2014were in need of relief assistance after Batsirai",
322
+ "refs": [
323
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220208033414/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ROSEA_20220207_Southern%20Africa%20-%20Cyclone%20Season_Flash%20Update%203.pdf"
324
+ ]
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+ },
326
+ {
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+ "sentence": "WASH partners delivered items to Vatovavy, Fitovinany, and Atsimo Atisinanana regions",
328
+ "refs": [
329
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/hit-by-second-cyclone-two-weeks-madagascar-struggles-bring-relief-2022-02-07/"
330
+ ]
331
+ }
332
+ ],
333
+ "subsections": []
334
+ }
335
+ ]
336
+ },
337
+ {
338
+ "section_title": "Impact",
339
+ "section_content": [],
340
+ "subsections": [
341
+ {
342
+ "section_title": "Mauritius",
343
+ "section_content": [
344
+ {
345
+ "sentence": "A total of 454 people, in 182 affected families, sought shelter in 45 centers",
346
+ "refs": []
347
+ },
348
+ {
349
+ "sentence": "They were all surveyed in order to give them the necessary help after the storm",
350
+ "refs": []
351
+ },
352
+ {
353
+ "sentence": "The Minister of Social Integration, Social Security, and National Solidarity, Mrs",
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+ "refs": []
355
+ },
356
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Fazila Jeewa-Daureeawoo, made the announcement about the procedure on 7 February",
358
+ "refs": []
359
+ }
360
+ ],
361
+ "subsections": []
362
+ },
363
+ {
364
+ "section_title": "R\u00e9union",
365
+ "section_content": [
366
+ {
367
+ "sentence": "At least 36,000 people on the island lost power as Batsirai approached, with 10,000 still out on 7 February",
368
+ "refs": [
369
+ "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-02/beaches-airport-shut-as-mauritius-faces-worst-cyclone-in-years"
370
+ ]
371
+ },
372
+ {
373
+ "sentence": "Several people were injured, with the storm causing carbon monoxide poisoning in 10 people",
374
+ "refs": [
375
+ "https://arynews.tv/mauritius-cyclone-power-outage/"
376
+ ]
377
+ },
378
+ {
379
+ "sentence": "Eleven sailors were stranded in an oil tanker during the storm, and were rescued on 4 February",
380
+ "refs": [
381
+ "https://www.lexpress.mu/article/404387/batsirai-pas-gros-degats-selon-premier-ministre"
382
+ ]
383
+ },
384
+ {
385
+ "sentence": "Agricultural losses were estimated at \u20ac47 million ($53.3 million)",
386
+ "refs": [
387
+ "https://www.lexpress.mu/video/404379/mahebourg-waterfront-face-aux-coups-boutoir-batsirai"
388
+ ]
389
+ },
390
+ {
391
+ "sentence": "[nb 5]",
392
+ "refs": [
393
+ "https://clicanoo.re/rubriques/societe/2022/02/03/36-000-clients-prives-delectricite"
394
+ ]
395
+ }
396
+ ],
397
+ "subsections": []
398
+ },
399
+ {
400
+ "section_title": "Madagascar",
401
+ "section_content": [
402
+ {
403
+ "sentence": "The impacts of Tropical Storm Ana were compounded by the damage that Batsirai brought",
404
+ "refs": []
405
+ },
406
+ {
407
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+ "refs": []
409
+ },
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+ {
411
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412
+ "refs": [
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414
+ ]
415
+ },
416
+ {
417
+ "sentence": "Drinking water and basic necessities were lacking in impacted areas, and the spreading of several diseases was also a concern",
418
+ "refs": [
419
+ "https://reliefweb.int/report/madagascar/southern-africa-cyclone-season-flash-update-no-6-tropical-cyclone-batsirai-13"
420
+ ]
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "A humanitarian crisis was also feared to rise out of the storm's effects",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-working-assist-tens-thousands-following-cyclone-batsirai-madagascar"
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+ ]
427
+ },
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+ {
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+ "refs": [
431
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/International/cyclone-batsirai-leaves-dozen-dead-thousands-homeless-madagascar/story?id=82719663"
432
+ ]
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+ {
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+ "refs": []
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
446
+ {
447
+ "sentence": "A team that initially consisted of five EU Civil Protection officials from France, Finland, and Sweden traveled to affected areas to help victims of the storm",
448
+ "refs": [
449
+ "https://wtvbam.com/2022/02/09/madagascar-death-toll-from-cyclone-batsirai-rises-to-80-state-agency/"
450
+ ]
451
+ },
452
+ {
453
+ "sentence": "The PRIOI had deployed 87 tons of humanitarian material from its warehouses in the country to use for relief efforts, an effort that cost approximately \u20ac667,000",
454
+ "refs": []
455
+ },
456
+ {
457
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458
+ "refs": [
459
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220208033414/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ROSEA_20220207_Southern%20Africa%20-%20Cyclone%20Season_Flash%20Update%203.pdf"
460
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+ "refs": [
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466
+ ]
467
+ }
468
+ ],
469
+ "subsections": []
470
+ }
471
+ ]
472
+ },
473
+ {
474
+ "section_title": "Aftermath",
475
+ "section_content": [],
476
+ "subsections": [
477
+ {
478
+ "section_title": "Mauritius",
479
+ "section_content": [
480
+ {
481
+ "sentence": "A total of 454 people, in 182 affected families, sought shelter in 45 centers",
482
+ "refs": []
483
+ },
484
+ {
485
+ "sentence": "They were all surveyed in order to give them the necessary help after the storm",
486
+ "refs": []
487
+ },
488
+ {
489
+ "sentence": "The Minister of Social Integration, Social Security, and National Solidarity, Mrs",
490
+ "refs": []
491
+ },
492
+ {
493
+ "sentence": "Fazila Jeewa-Daureeawoo, made the announcement about the procedure on 7 February",
494
+ "refs": []
495
+ }
496
+ ],
497
+ "subsections": []
498
+ },
499
+ {
500
+ "section_title": "Madagascar",
501
+ "section_content": [
502
+ {
503
+ "sentence": "The impacts of Tropical Storm Ana were compounded by the damage that Batsirai brought",
504
+ "refs": []
505
+ },
506
+ {
507
+ "sentence": "Schools and churches prepared to shelter those displaced around Mananjary",
508
+ "refs": []
509
+ },
510
+ {
511
+ "sentence": "World Food Programme distributed hot meals to 4,000 evacuated and displaced people in shelters",
512
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513
+ "https://www.lequotidien.re/actualites/thematiques/economie/batsirai-47-millions-de-pertes-agricoles/"
514
+ ]
515
+ },
516
+ {
517
+ "sentence": "Drinking water and basic necessities were lacking in impacted areas, and the spreading of several diseases was also a concern",
518
+ "refs": [
519
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520
+ ]
521
+ },
522
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523
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524
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525
+ "https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicef-working-assist-tens-thousands-following-cyclone-batsirai-madagascar"
526
+ ]
527
+ },
528
+ {
529
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530
+ "refs": [
531
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/International/cyclone-batsirai-leaves-dozen-dead-thousands-homeless-madagascar/story?id=82719663"
532
+ ]
533
+ },
534
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535
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536
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537
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538
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539
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540
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541
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542
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543
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544
+ "refs": []
545
+ },
546
+ {
547
+ "sentence": "A team that initially consisted of five EU Civil Protection officials from France, Finland, and Sweden traveled to affected areas to help victims of the storm",
548
+ "refs": [
549
+ "https://wtvbam.com/2022/02/09/madagascar-death-toll-from-cyclone-batsirai-rises-to-80-state-agency/"
550
+ ]
551
+ },
552
+ {
553
+ "sentence": "The PRIOI had deployed 87 tons of humanitarian material from its warehouses in the country to use for relief efforts, an effort that cost approximately \u20ac667,000",
554
+ "refs": []
555
+ },
556
+ {
557
+ "sentence": "An estimated 75,000 people\u2014including 37,500 children\u2014were in need of relief assistance after Batsirai",
558
+ "refs": [
559
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220208033414/https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ROSEA_20220207_Southern%20Africa%20-%20Cyclone%20Season_Flash%20Update%203.pdf"
560
+ ]
561
+ },
562
+ {
563
+ "sentence": "WASH partners delivered items to Vatovavy, Fitovinany, and Atsimo Atisinanana regions",
564
+ "refs": [
565
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/hit-by-second-cyclone-two-weeks-madagascar-struggles-bring-relief-2022-02-07/"
566
+ ]
567
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568
+ ],
569
+ "subsections": [
570
+ {
571
+ "section_title": "International response",
572
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573
+ {
574
+ "sentence": "France and Germany have offered water purification modules via the EU Civil Protection Mechanism",
575
+ "refs": []
576
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577
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578
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579
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580
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581
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582
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583
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584
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585
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586
+ "section_content": [],
587
+ "subsections": []
588
+ },
589
+ {
590
+ "section_title": "Notes",
591
+ "section_content": [],
592
+ "subsections": []
593
+ },
594
+ {
595
+ "section_title": "References",
596
+ "section_content": [],
597
+ "subsections": []
598
+ },
599
+ {
600
+ "section_title": "External links",
601
+ "section_content": [],
602
+ "subsections": []
603
+ }
604
+ ],
605
+ "references": {
606
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607
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608
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609
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610
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611
+ "1": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2022/02/07/batsirai-madagascar-hurricane-cyclone/",
612
+ "2": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/02/weather/batsirai-cyclone-forecast-madagascar-africa/index.html",
613
+ "3": "https://ionnews.mu/batsirai-fait-deux-victimes/",
614
+ "4": "https://floodlist.com/africa/madagascar-death-cyclone-batsirai-update-february-2022",
615
+ "5": "https://www.kxan.com/news/international/madagascars-death-toll-from-cyclone-batsirai-rises-to-92/",
616
+ "6": "https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/madagascar-death-toll-cyclone-batsirai-jumps-111-state-agency-2022-02-11/",
617
+ "7": "http://thoughtleadership.aon.com/Documents/20212107_analytics-if-1H-global-recap.pdf",
618
+ "8": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/rNNt0",
619
+ "9": "https://community.wmo.int/tropical-cyclone-operational-plans",
620
+ "11": "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/zcit/ZCITA_202201231255.pdf",
621
+ "12": "http://www.usno.navy.mil/JTWC/frequently-asked-questions-1/frequently-asked-questions",
622
+ "14": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220123000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt",
623
+ "15": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220124000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abioweb.txt",
624
+ "16": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220124000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh9622web.txt",
625
+ "17": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/Jqwv3",
626
+ "18": "https://ghostarchive.org/archive/ciNCA",
627
+ "19": "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201260600_1_2_20212022.pdf",
628
+ "20": "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201261200_2_2_20212022.pdf",
629
+ "21": "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201261800_3_2_20212022.pdf",
630
+ "22": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220127000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt",
631
+ "25": "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201270600_BATSIRAI.pdf",
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+ "26": "http://metservice.intnet.mu/current-cyclone.php",
633
+ "27": "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201271200_BATSIRAI.pdf",
634
+ "28": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220127000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt",
635
+ "29": "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201271800_BATSIRAI.pdf",
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+ "30": "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201280000_BATSIRAI.pdf",
637
+ "31": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220128000000/https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/sh0822prog.txt",
638
+ "32": "http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/La_Reunion/webcmrs9.0/anglais/activiteope/bulletins/cmrs/CMRSA_202201290600_BATSIRAI.pdf",
639
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+ "title": "Cyclone_Mocha",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Mocha",
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+ "summary": "Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Mocha was a powerful and deadly tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean which affected Myanmar and parts of Bangladesh in May 2023. The second depression and the first cyclonic storm of the 2023 North Indian Ocean cyclone season, Mocha originated from a low-pressure area that was first noted by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) on 8 May. After consolidating into a depression, the storm tracked slowly north-northwestward over the Bay of Bengal, and reached extremely severe cyclonic storm intensity. After undergoing an eyewall replacement cycle, Mocha rapidly strengthened, peaking at Category 5-equivalent intensity on 14 May with winds of 280 km/h (175 mph), tying with Cyclone Fani as the strongest storm on record in the North Indian Ocean in terms of 1-minute sustained winds. Mocha slightly weakened before making landfall, and its conditions quickly became unfavorable. Mocha rapidly weakened once inland and dissipated shortly thereafter.\nThousands of volunteers assisted citizens of Myanmar and Bangladesh in evacuating as the cyclone approached the international border. Evacuations were also ordered for low-lying areas in Sittwe, Pauktaw, Myebon, Maungdaw, and Buthidaung. In Bangladesh, over 500,000 individuals were ordered to be relocated from coastal areas of the country due to the storm's approach. Officials from the military declared the state of Rakhine a natural disaster area. Several villages in Rakhine State were also damaged by the cyclone. The death toll for Cyclone Mocha varies significantly. ASEAN reported a total of 145 deaths, whereas the National Unity Government of Myanmar (NUG) stated that Cyclone Mocha killed at least 463 people, including three indirect deaths in Bangladesh. The storm also injured 719 people and left 101 others missing. It caused about US$1.5 billion of damage in Myanmar.",
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+ "sentence": "On 9 May, the IMD upgraded the system to a depression as very intense atmospheric convection consolidated near the center",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://archive.today/20230509234842/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/DEMS/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230507/075000/A_WTIN20DEMS070750_C_RJTD_20230507080217_76.txt",
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+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2023-05-07-1750-abioweb.txt"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on the system",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://archive.today/20230509235734/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/DEMS/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230508/075500/A_WTIN20DEMS080755_C_RJTD_20230508075817_36.txt"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 10 May, the IMD upgraded the depression to a deep depression, and subsequently to a cyclonic storm on 11 May",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://archive.today/20230510000341/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/DEMS/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230509/162500/A_WTIN20DEMS091625_C_RJTD_20230509162931_15.txt"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It received the name Mocha",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "As fragmented rainbands wrapped into the center and thunderstorms continued to burst over the center, the JTWC followed suit in upgrading the system to Tropical Cyclone 01B",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2023-05-09-1400-io9123web.txt",
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+ "https://archive.today/20230510210849/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/DEMS/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230510/041500/A_WTIN20DEMS100415_C_RJTD_20230510042102_2.txt"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Located on the periphery of an established upper-level ridge, Mocha curved toward the north over the Bay of Bengal while steadily organizing",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At 12:00 UTC on 11 May, the IMD upgraded the system to a severe cyclonic storm with winds of 90\u00a0km/h (55\u00a0mph) as it developed an intense central dense overcast",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "With time, a ragged eye structure formed and occasionally appeared on satellite imagery",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-05-11-0240-io0123prog.txt",
71
+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-05-11-1310-io0123prog.txt"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 12 May, Mocha became a very severe cyclonic storm as an elongated eye became more readily defined",
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+ "refs": [
77
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230511165657/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/TROPICAL_CYCLONE_ADVISORY_NO__5_1200UTC_11_05_2023.pdf"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Around this time, Mocha reached 1-minute sustained winds of 165\u00a0km/h (105\u00a0mph) according to the JTWC, equivalent to Category\u00a02 strength on the Saffir\u2013Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS)",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-05-11-2150-io0123prog.txt",
84
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230512130656/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/DEMS/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20230512/044800/A_WTIN01DEMS120448_C_RJTD_20230512045017_89.txt"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "While attaining this intensity, the cyclone turned north-northeastward under the influence of an anticyclonic circulation south of Myanmar and a nearby trough",
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+ "refs": [
90
+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-05-12-1310-io0123prog.txt"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "High ocean heat content over the Bay of Bengal fueled a period of rapid intensification, bringing Mocha to extremely severe cyclonic storm status at 18:00 UTC on 12 May",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2023-05-12-1310-io0123web.txt"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "However, this phase was soon interrupted by the onset of an eyewall replacement cycle",
101
+ "refs": []
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+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "sentence": "After completing its cycle on 13 May, the eyewall became well-defined, resulting in another period of rapid intensification",
105
+ "refs": []
106
+ },
107
+ {
108
+ "sentence": "Low vertical wind shear and robust outflow facilitated the strengthening, and Mocha reached 1-minute sustained winds of 240\u00a0km/h (150\u00a0mph), equivalent to Category 4 strength on the SSHWS",
109
+ "refs": []
110
+ },
111
+ {
112
+ "sentence": "Mocha achieved its peak intensity at 18:00 UTC, when the IMD estimated winds of 215\u00a0km/h (130\u00a0mph), just under super cyclonic storm intensity",
113
+ "refs": [
114
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230512215503/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/TROPICAL_CYCLONE_ADVISORY_NO__15_1800UTC_12_05_2023.pdf"
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+ ]
116
+ },
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+ {
118
+ "sentence": "Its barometric pressure was assessed at 938\u00a0hPa (27.70\u00a0inHg)",
119
+ "refs": []
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "sentence": "The JTWC initially estimated 1-minute sustained winds of 260\u00a0km/h (160\u00a0mph) at 00:00 UTC of 14 May, making Mocha a Category 5-equivalent tropical cyclone",
123
+ "refs": [
124
+ "https://rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/download.php?path=uploads/report/26/26_f26e46_Extremely%20Severe%20Cyclonic%20Storm%20MOCHA-A%20Brief%20Report_24May2023_with_annexure.pdf"
125
+ ]
126
+ },
127
+ {
128
+ "sentence": "However, the agency subsequently revised the estimate to 280\u00a0km/h (175\u00a0mph), tied with Cyclone Fani as the strongest storm on record in the North Indian Ocean, in terms of 1-minute sustained winds",
129
+ "refs": [
130
+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-05-13-1500-io0123prog.txt"
131
+ ]
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "sentence": "Mocha was a large storm and had a symmetrical eye about 37\u00a0km (20\u00a0nmi) wide",
135
+ "refs": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "sentence": "Conditions quickly became unfavorable for Mocha upon reaching areas of mid-level wind shear and with dry air beginning to intrude on the northwest side of the core",
139
+ "refs": [
140
+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-05-13-1500-io0123prog.txt"
141
+ ]
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "sentence": "The eye rapidly eroded as the cloud tops became significantly warmer",
145
+ "refs": []
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "sentence": "Mocha made landfall at 07:00 UTC just north of Sittwe, Myanmar, with 3-minute sustained winds of 215\u00a0km/h (135\u00a0mph)",
149
+ "refs": [
150
+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/prog/2023-05-14-0320-io0123prog.txt"
151
+ ]
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "sentence": "The JTWC issued its final bulletin on the storm upon landfall and estimated 1-minute sustained winds of 195\u00a0km/h (120\u00a0mph)",
155
+ "refs": [
156
+ "http://yaleclimateconnections.org/2023/05/cyclone-mocha-north-indian-oceans-strongest-storm-on-record-hits-myanmar/",
157
+ "https://apnews.com/article/cyclone-mocha-bangladesh-myanmar-06512b0f496bf85c926f12925ab1ba7e"
158
+ ]
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "Mocha rapidly weakened from Myanmar's rugged terrain as it was downgraded to very severe cyclonic storm intensity at 15:00 UTC",
162
+ "refs": [
163
+ "https://apnews.com/article/cyclone-mocha-bangladesh-myanmar-06512b0f496bf85c926f12925ab1ba7e"
164
+ ]
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "sentence": "Wind shear also increased and contributed to the weakening",
168
+ "refs": []
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "sentence": "The vorticity in the atmosphere, poleward outflow, and convergence would still maintain Mocha's intensity as a cyclonic storm throughout its deterioration",
172
+ "refs": [
173
+ "https://wiki.chlod.net/jtwc/text/2023-05-14-1400-io0123web.txt"
174
+ ]
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "On 15 May, Mocha weakened into a depression at 00:00 UTC as it tracked east-northeastward",
178
+ "refs": [
179
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230514163929/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/TROPICAL_CYCLONE_ADVISORY_NO__30_1500UTC_14_05_2023.pdf"
180
+ ]
181
+ },
182
+ {
183
+ "sentence": "The depression was later marked as a low-pressure area by the IMD at 03:00 UTC, as its center was not well-defined, prompting the discontinuation of advisories on Mocha",
184
+ "refs": [
185
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230515115925/https://mausam.imd.gov.in/backend/assets/cyclone_pdf/TROPICAL_CYCLONE_ADVISORY_NO__31_1800UTC_14_05_2023.pdf"
186
+ ]
187
+ }
188
+ ],
189
+ "subsections": []
190
+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "section_title": "Preparations",
193
+ "section_content": [],
194
+ "subsections": [
195
+ {
196
+ "section_title": "Myanmar",
197
+ "section_content": [
198
+ {
199
+ "sentence": "The state of Rakhine was declared a natural disaster area by military officials",
200
+ "refs": []
201
+ },
202
+ {
203
+ "sentence": "Communications were cut off from Sittwe",
204
+ "refs": [
205
+ "https://www.accuweather.com/en/hurricane/deadly-cyclone-mocha-displaces-thousands-in-bangladesh-myanmar/1527027"
206
+ ]
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "Min Aung Hlaing, Myanmar's junta leader, visited Sittwe to assess the\u00a0damage and provide donations to residents",
210
+ "refs": [
211
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65595693"
212
+ ]
213
+ },
214
+ {
215
+ "sentence": "Storm damage to communications and road infrastructure, as well as ongoing limitations imposed by Myanmar's military government, made it difficult to obtain information and send help to the affected area, according to non-governmental organizations",
216
+ "refs": [
217
+ "https://sports.yahoo.com/myanmar-port-city-cut-off-051103190.html"
218
+ ]
219
+ },
220
+ {
221
+ "sentence": "The United Nations said that 16 million people were affected by the storm, of which according to UNOCHA, 5.1\u00a0million of them live in northwestern Rakhine State",
222
+ "refs": [
223
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/16/asia/cyclone-mocha-death-toll-loss-of-life-intl-hnk/index.html"
224
+ ]
225
+ },
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "Malteser International pledged \u20ac100,000 and distributed relief goods on 15 May for those affected",
228
+ "refs": []
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "sentence": "The United States provided $250,000 to Bangladesh and Rohingya refugees on 17 May",
232
+ "refs": [
233
+ "https://burmese.voanews.com/a/un-officials-on-impact-of-cyclone-in-myanmar/7096886.html"
234
+ ]
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "sentence": "India launched operation Karuna to support Myanmar",
238
+ "refs": [
239
+ "https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/cyclone-mocha-myanmarbangladesh-malteser-international-provides-eur-100000-emergency-relief-and-distributes-relief-goods"
240
+ ]
241
+ },
242
+ {
243
+ "sentence": "On 23\u00a0May, a supplemental US$122\u00a0million Flash Appeal was launched by UNOCHA targeting the needs of 500,000 storm victims",
244
+ "refs": []
245
+ },
246
+ {
247
+ "sentence": "This supplemented an existing humanitarian response plan with a target of 1.1\u00a0million people and cost of US$212\u00a0million",
248
+ "refs": []
249
+ },
250
+ {
251
+ "sentence": "By mid-June, UN-led humanitarian efforts provided over 110,000 people with shelter and more than 300,000 with food",
252
+ "refs": [
253
+ "https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=Cyclone-Mocha%3A-Indian-Navy-ships-carrying-relief-material-reach-Yangon-under-Operation-Karuna&id=461113"
254
+ ]
255
+ },
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "On 12 June, Myanmar's State Administration Council suspended UN humanitarian aid",
258
+ "refs": []
259
+ }
260
+ ],
261
+ "subsections": []
262
+ },
263
+ {
264
+ "section_title": "Bangladesh",
265
+ "section_content": [
266
+ {
267
+ "sentence": "At least 2,522 houses in Cox's Bazar were destroyed, with another 10,469 others damaged",
268
+ "refs": []
269
+ },
270
+ {
271
+ "sentence": "On St",
272
+ "refs": [
273
+ "https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/hundreds-feared-dead-after-cyclone-mocha-hits-western-myanmars-rohingya-idp-camps/"
274
+ ]
275
+ },
276
+ {
277
+ "sentence": "Martin's Island, 700 houses were destroyed and at least 12 people were injured including one in critical condition",
278
+ "refs": [
279
+ "https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/hundreds-feared-dead-after-cyclone-mocha-hits-western-myanmars-rohingya-idp-camps/"
280
+ ]
281
+ },
282
+ {
283
+ "sentence": "The cyclone impact were less than initially feared as the storm surge was less than anticipated",
284
+ "refs": []
285
+ },
286
+ {
287
+ "sentence": "500 houses were destroyed in Teknaf",
288
+ "refs": [
289
+ "https://bangla.thedailystar.net/environment/cyclone-mocha/news-478671"
290
+ ]
291
+ },
292
+ {
293
+ "sentence": "Three people died of stroke while attempting to recover their salt farm on Maheshkhali Island",
294
+ "refs": [
295
+ "https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/hundreds-feared-dead-after-cyclone-mocha-hits-western-myanmars-rohingya-idp-camps/"
296
+ ]
297
+ },
298
+ {
299
+ "sentence": "There and in other upazilas, between 50 and 60 houses were damaged",
300
+ "refs": [
301
+ "https://apnews.com/article/cyclone-mocha-bangladesh-myanmar-06512b0f496bf85c926f12925ab1ba7e"
302
+ ]
303
+ },
304
+ {
305
+ "sentence": "Agricultural damage in Cox's Bazar District reached \u09f3115\u00a0million (US$1.07\u00a0million)",
306
+ "refs": [
307
+ "https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/hundreds-feared-dead-after-cyclone-mocha-hits-western-myanmars-rohingya-idp-camps/"
308
+ ]
309
+ },
310
+ {
311
+ "sentence": "Mocha's Gale-force winds began to blow in Bangladesh, accompanied by heavy rainfall",
312
+ "refs": [
313
+ "https://www.bhorerkagoj.com/2023/05/15/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A7%A9/"
314
+ ]
315
+ },
316
+ {
317
+ "sentence": "Heavy rains in Bangladesh, according to officials, caused damage in several\u00a0regions",
318
+ "refs": [
319
+ "https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/bangladesh-myanmar-bracing-cyclone-mocha-set-make-landfall-99312758"
320
+ ]
321
+ }
322
+ ],
323
+ "subsections": []
324
+ },
325
+ {
326
+ "section_title": "India",
327
+ "section_content": [
328
+ {
329
+ "sentence": "The India Meteorological Department (IMD) said that the southeast Bay of Bengal region of Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland, southern Assam, and portions of Manipur were expected to receive \"heavy\" to \"very heavy\" rainfall as a result of Cyclone Mocha",
330
+ "refs": []
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "sentence": "The state governments of Tripura, Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, and Assam also requested that the disaster management and all other relevant authorities take preventative measures to minimize casualties and property damage",
334
+ "refs": [
335
+ "https://www.manilatimes.net/2023/05/14/world/hundreds-of-thousands-flee-as-cyclone-thunders-towards-myanmar-bangladesh/1891435"
336
+ ]
337
+ }
338
+ ],
339
+ "subsections": []
340
+ },
341
+ {
342
+ "section_title": "China",
343
+ "section_content": [
344
+ {
345
+ "sentence": "The National Meteorological Centre (NMC) of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) said that due to there was a risk of flash flooding, mudslides and landslides in the southwestern provinces of Yunnan and Tibet especially in the Hengduan and Eastern Himalayan Mountain ranges",
346
+ "refs": []
347
+ },
348
+ {
349
+ "sentence": "In response, the State Flood Control and Drought Relief headquarters activated a Level IV response, the lowest level of response to flooding",
350
+ "refs": []
351
+ }
352
+ ],
353
+ "subsections": []
354
+ }
355
+ ]
356
+ },
357
+ {
358
+ "section_title": "Impact",
359
+ "section_content": [],
360
+ "subsections": [
361
+ {
362
+ "section_title": "Myanmar",
363
+ "section_content": [
364
+ {
365
+ "sentence": "The state of Rakhine was declared a natural disaster area by military officials",
366
+ "refs": []
367
+ },
368
+ {
369
+ "sentence": "Communications were cut off from Sittwe",
370
+ "refs": [
371
+ "https://www.accuweather.com/en/hurricane/deadly-cyclone-mocha-displaces-thousands-in-bangladesh-myanmar/1527027"
372
+ ]
373
+ },
374
+ {
375
+ "sentence": "Min Aung Hlaing, Myanmar's junta leader, visited Sittwe to assess the\u00a0damage and provide donations to residents",
376
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-65595693"
378
+ ]
379
+ },
380
+ {
381
+ "sentence": "Storm damage to communications and road infrastructure, as well as ongoing limitations imposed by Myanmar's military government, made it difficult to obtain information and send help to the affected area, according to non-governmental organizations",
382
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://sports.yahoo.com/myanmar-port-city-cut-off-051103190.html"
384
+ ]
385
+ },
386
+ {
387
+ "sentence": "The United Nations said that 16 million people were affected by the storm, of which according to UNOCHA, 5.1\u00a0million of them live in northwestern Rakhine State",
388
+ "refs": [
389
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2023/05/16/asia/cyclone-mocha-death-toll-loss-of-life-intl-hnk/index.html"
390
+ ]
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "sentence": "Malteser International pledged \u20ac100,000 and distributed relief goods on 15 May for those affected",
394
+ "refs": []
395
+ },
396
+ {
397
+ "sentence": "The United States provided $250,000 to Bangladesh and Rohingya refugees on 17 May",
398
+ "refs": [
399
+ "https://burmese.voanews.com/a/un-officials-on-impact-of-cyclone-in-myanmar/7096886.html"
400
+ ]
401
+ },
402
+ {
403
+ "sentence": "India launched operation Karuna to support Myanmar",
404
+ "refs": [
405
+ "https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/cyclone-mocha-myanmarbangladesh-malteser-international-provides-eur-100000-emergency-relief-and-distributes-relief-goods"
406
+ ]
407
+ },
408
+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 23\u00a0May, a supplemental US$122\u00a0million Flash Appeal was launched by UNOCHA targeting the needs of 500,000 storm victims",
410
+ "refs": []
411
+ },
412
+ {
413
+ "sentence": "This supplemented an existing humanitarian response plan with a target of 1.1\u00a0million people and cost of US$212\u00a0million",
414
+ "refs": []
415
+ },
416
+ {
417
+ "sentence": "By mid-June, UN-led humanitarian efforts provided over 110,000 people with shelter and more than 300,000 with food",
418
+ "refs": [
419
+ "https://newsonair.gov.in/News?title=Cyclone-Mocha%3A-Indian-Navy-ships-carrying-relief-material-reach-Yangon-under-Operation-Karuna&id=461113"
420
+ ]
421
+ },
422
+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 12 June, Myanmar's State Administration Council suspended UN humanitarian aid",
424
+ "refs": []
425
+ }
426
+ ],
427
+ "subsections": []
428
+ },
429
+ {
430
+ "section_title": "Bangladesh",
431
+ "section_content": [
432
+ {
433
+ "sentence": "At least 2,522 houses in Cox's Bazar were destroyed, with another 10,469 others damaged",
434
+ "refs": []
435
+ },
436
+ {
437
+ "sentence": "On St",
438
+ "refs": [
439
+ "https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/hundreds-feared-dead-after-cyclone-mocha-hits-western-myanmars-rohingya-idp-camps/"
440
+ ]
441
+ },
442
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Martin's Island, 700 houses were destroyed and at least 12 people were injured including one in critical condition",
444
+ "refs": [
445
+ "https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/hundreds-feared-dead-after-cyclone-mocha-hits-western-myanmars-rohingya-idp-camps/"
446
+ ]
447
+ },
448
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The cyclone impact were less than initially feared as the storm surge was less than anticipated",
450
+ "refs": []
451
+ },
452
+ {
453
+ "sentence": "500 houses were destroyed in Teknaf",
454
+ "refs": [
455
+ "https://bangla.thedailystar.net/environment/cyclone-mocha/news-478671"
456
+ ]
457
+ },
458
+ {
459
+ "sentence": "Three people died of stroke while attempting to recover their salt farm on Maheshkhali Island",
460
+ "refs": [
461
+ "https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/hundreds-feared-dead-after-cyclone-mocha-hits-western-myanmars-rohingya-idp-camps/"
462
+ ]
463
+ },
464
+ {
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+ "sentence": "There and in other upazilas, between 50 and 60 houses were damaged",
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+ "sentence": "Agricultural damage in Cox's Bazar District reached \u09f3115\u00a0million (US$1.07\u00a0million)",
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+ "sentence": "Mocha's Gale-force winds began to blow in Bangladesh, accompanied by heavy rainfall",
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+ "section_title": "Sri Lanka",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Although the impact of the cyclone on Sri Lanka was significantly reduced by its landfall between Bangladesh and Myanmar, seven people were injured, another seven were reported missing, and nearly 2,000 people have been affected in Southern Sri Lanka due to the cyclonic storm's indirect influence",
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+ "sentence": "In India, the state of Mizoram, at least 154 houses were destroyed or severely damaged and 82 others and eight refugee camps were partially damaged",
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+ "sentence": "In China, blizzards were reported in the northwestern part of Yunnan, arising from the collision of moist air from Mocha's remnants with cold wintery air",
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+ "section_title": "Aftermath",
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+ "sentence": "The state of Rakhine was declared a natural disaster area by military officials",
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+ "sentence": "Communications were cut off from Sittwe",
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+ "sentence": "The United States provided $250,000 to Bangladesh and Rohingya refugees on 17 May",
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+ "sentence": "On 23\u00a0May, a supplemental US$122\u00a0million Flash Appeal was launched by UNOCHA targeting the needs of 500,000 storm victims",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "sentence": "By mid-June, UN-led humanitarian efforts provided over 110,000 people with shelter and more than 300,000 with food",
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+ "102": "https://reliefweb.int/attachments/88264d9e-9bcc-4ec6-8846-7738131b411c/Press%20Release-%20Cyclone%20Access_12June-FINAL.pdf"
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+ "aftermath\n\n": "PERSON"
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+ "india meteorological department",
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+ "maheshkhali island",
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+ "level iv",
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+ "martin's island",
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+ "southern sri lanka",
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+ "joint typhoon warning center",
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+ "china meteorological administration",
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+ "sittwe",
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+ "invest 91b",
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+ "buthidaung",
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+ "southern hemisphere",
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+ "malteser international",
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+ "china the national meteorological centre",
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+ "flash appeal",
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+ "sln",
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+ "un",
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+ "state flood control and drought relief",
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+ "north indian ocean",
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+ "cyclone mocha",
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+ "eastern himalayan mountain",
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+ "rakhine state",
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+ "rohingya",
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+ "bazar district",
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+ "national unity government of myanmar",
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+ "maungdaw",
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+ "tibet",
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+ "saffir\u2013simpson",
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+ "cyclone fani",
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+ "mocha extremely severe cyclonic storm mocha",
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+ "bangladesh",
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+ "unocha",
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+ "us",
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+ "cma",
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+ "myebon",
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+ "pauktaw",
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+ "tropical cyclone formation alert",
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+ "cyclone fabien",
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+ "manipur",
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+ "tripura",
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+ "utc",
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+ "asean",
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+ "nug",
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+ "karuna",
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+ "imd",
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+ "jtwc",
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+ "united states",
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+ "india"
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+ ]
963
+ }
json/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(American_season_31).json ADDED
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Dancing_with_the_Stars_(American_season_31)",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dancing_with_the_Stars_(American_season_31)",
4
+ "summary": "The thirty-first season of Dancing with the Stars premiered on Disney+ on September 19, 2022, and concluded on November 21, 2022. This season marked the first live competition show to air on the streaming platform and the first season to not air on ABC. Tyra Banks returned as host, while season 19 champion Alfonso Ribeiro joined as co-host.\nSocial media personality Charli D'Amelio and Mark Ballas were crowned the champions, while The Bachelorette star Gabby Windey and Val Chmerkovskiy finished in second place, comedian Wayne Brady and Witney Carson finished in third place, and drag queen Shangela and Gleb Savchenko finished in fourth.\nThis marked the last season for host Tyra Banks and longtime judge Len Goodman, who retired at the conclusion of the season, prior to his death five months later.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
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+ "section_title": "Cast",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
10
+ {
11
+ "section_title": "Couples",
12
+ "section_content": [
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "This season featured sixteen celebrity contestants",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "On August 25, 2022, it was reported that Charli D'Amelio and her mother Heidi D'Amelio would be competing as celebrity participants",
19
+ "refs": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "Soon after, Joseph Baena, Wayne Brady, Daniel Durant, Jordin Sparks, Gabby Windey, and Trevor Donovan were all reported as celebrity participants as well",
23
+ "refs": [
24
+ "https://deadline.com/2022/08/dancing-with-the-stars-tiktok-star-charli-damelio-mom-heidi-season-31-1235100427/",
25
+ "https://heavy.com/entertainment/dancing-with-the-stars/joseph-baena-season-31-contestant-partner/",
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+ "https://heavy.com/entertainment/dancing-with-the-stars/wayne-brady-cast-partner-witney-carson/",
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+ "https://heavy.com/entertainment/dancing-with-the-stars/jordin-sparks-season-31-partner-contestant/",
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+ "https://heavy.com/entertainment/dancing-with-the-stars/bachelorette-gabby-windey-season-31/",
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+ "https://heavy.com/entertainment/dancing-with-the-stars/emma-slater-trevor-donovan-partner-season-31/"
30
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
33
+ "sentence": "Charli and Heidi D'Amelio were officially announced as part of the season's cast on September 7, with the full roster of celebrity participants and their partnerships officially revealed on Good Morning America the following day",
34
+ "refs": [
35
+ "https://ew.com/tv/dancing-with-the-stars-season-31-cast-revealed-charli-damelio/"
36
+ ]
37
+ },
38
+ {
39
+ "sentence": "With sixteen couples, this season was tied with season nine as having the largest cast in the show's history",
40
+ "refs": [
41
+ "https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/culture/story/alfonso-ribeiro-joins-tyra-banks-host-dancing-stars-86754226",
42
+ "http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2022/09/08/dancing-with-the-stars-is-back-for-season-31-with-an-all-new-celebrity-cast-dancing-their-way-to-disneyplus-and-the-mirrorball-trophy-688404/20220908disney02/"
43
+ ]
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+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "sentence": "A promo for the season released on August 18 featured professional dancers Daniella Karagach, Pasha Pashkov, Artem Chigvintsev, Witney Carson, Brandon Armstrong, and Cheryl Burke",
47
+ "refs": []
48
+ },
49
+ {
50
+ "sentence": "Britt Stewart, Peta Murgatroyd, Emma Slater, Koko Iwasaki, Val Chmerkovskiy, Alan Bersten, Gleb Savchenko, and Louis Van Amstel were later revealed to be the rest of the professional dancers for the season",
51
+ "refs": [
52
+ "https://www.etonline.com/dancing-with-the-stars-hypes-up-disney-plus-move-in-glittery-new-promo-exclusive-189301"
53
+ ]
54
+ },
55
+ {
56
+ "sentence": "Mark Ballas was announced as a pro on September 8",
57
+ "refs": [
58
+ "https://heavy.com/entertainment/dancing-with-the-stars/season-31-pros-roster-lineup/"
59
+ ]
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "sentence": "Sasha Farber was initially reported to be a troupe member this season, but was later revealed to also be returning as a pro",
63
+ "refs": [
64
+ "https://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/mark-ballas-returns-to-dwts-for-season-31-after-5-year-hiatus/"
65
+ ]
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "sentence": "Jenna Johnson and Lindsay Arnold both sat the season out, due to Johnson expecting her first child and Arnold wanting to spend time with her family",
69
+ "refs": [
70
+ "https://heavy.com/entertainment/dancing-with-the-stars/fans-upset-sasha-farber-troupe-announcement/",
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+ "https://heavy.com/entertainment/dancing-with-the-stars/sasha-farber-season-31-partner-celebrity/"
72
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Iwasaki, who was the runner-up on season 14 of So You Think You Can Dance and performed as part of the Dancing with the Stars Live! \u2013 2022 Tour, joined the show as a first-time pro.",
76
+ "refs": [
77
+ "https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-moms/news/jenna-johnson-is-pregnant-expecting-1st-child-with-val-chmerkovskiy/",
78
+ "https://heavy.com/entertainment/dancing-with-the-stars/lindsay-arnold-return-back-leaving/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On September 26, 2022, it was announced that Daniella Karagach had tested positive for COVID-19 and would miss that night's performance",
83
+ "refs": []
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+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "sentence": "Alexis Warr replaced her as Joseph Baena's dance partner for two weeks",
87
+ "refs": []
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+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "sentence": "On October 28, 2022, it was announced that Val Chmerkovskiy had tested positive for COVID-19 and would miss the October 31 episode",
91
+ "refs": [
92
+ "https://deadline.com/2022/09/dancing-with-the-stars-daniella-karagach-tests-positive-for-covid-1235127358/"
93
+ ]
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+ },
95
+ {
96
+ "sentence": "Alan Bersten took over for him as Gabby Windey's partner for the episode",
97
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On November 20, 2022, professional dancer Cheryl Burke announced her retirement from the show after 26 seasons",
101
+ "refs": []
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+ }
103
+ ],
104
+ "subsections": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "section_title": "Host and judges",
108
+ "section_content": [
109
+ {
110
+ "sentence": "On July 14, 2022, it was announced that Tyra Banks would return as host, with Len Goodman, Derek Hough, Carrie Ann Inaba, and Bruno Tonioli returning as judges",
111
+ "refs": []
112
+ },
113
+ {
114
+ "sentence": "Additionally, it was announced that season nineteen champion Alfonso Ribeiro would be joining the show alongside Banks as co-host",
115
+ "refs": []
116
+ },
117
+ {
118
+ "sentence": "On October 24, Michael Bubl\u00e9 served as a guest judge",
119
+ "refs": [
120
+ "https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/culture/story/alfonso-ribeiro-joins-tyra-banks-host-dancing-stars-86754226",
121
+ "https://deadline.com/2022/07/dancing-with-the-stars-adds-alfonso-ribeiro-co-host-tyra-banks-1235063811/"
122
+ ]
123
+ },
124
+ {
125
+ "sentence": "During the semifinals, Goodman announced that this would be his final season as a judge",
126
+ "refs": []
127
+ }
128
+ ],
129
+ "subsections": []
130
+ },
131
+ {
132
+ "section_title": "Dance troupe",
133
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
135
+ "sentence": "The dance troupe returned for season 31 and consisted of returning pro Ezra Sosa and new pros Kateryna Klishyna, Alexis Warr, and D'Angelo Castro",
136
+ "refs": []
137
+ }
138
+ ],
139
+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "section_title": "Scoring chart",
145
+ "section_content": [
146
+ {
147
+ "sentence": "The highest score each week is indicated in bold green with a dagger (\u2020), while the lowest score each week is indicated in italicized red with a double-dagger (\u2021).",
148
+ "refs": []
149
+ },
150
+ {
151
+ "sentence": "Color key:",
152
+ "refs": []
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+ }
154
+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "section_title": "Weekly scores",
159
+ "section_content": [
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "Individual judges' scores in the charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Derek Hough, Bruno Tonioli.",
162
+ "refs": []
163
+ }
164
+ ],
165
+ "subsections": [
166
+ {
167
+ "section_title": "Week 1: Premiere Night Party",
168
+ "section_content": [
169
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Couples are listed in the order they performed.",
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Week 2: Elvis Night",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Each couple performed one unlearned dance to a song by Elvis Presley",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Couples are listed in the order they performed.",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Daniella Karagach tested positive for COVID-19, so Joseph Baena performed with Alexis Warr instead",
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Week 3: 60 Years of James Bond",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Each couple performed one unlearned dance to a song from a James Bond film",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Couples are listed in the order they performed.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Joseph Baena again performed with Alexis Warr due to Daniella Karagach recovering from COVID-19",
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Week 4: Disney+ Night",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Each couple performed one unlearned dance to a song from a film or television series featured on Disney+",
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "Couples are listed in the order they performed.",
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+ "sentence": "Jenifer Lewis performed \"Dig a Little Deeper\" live for Shangela's Charleston.",
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+ "section_title": "Week 5: Stars' Stories Week",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Each couple performed one unlearned dance to celebrate the most memorable year of their lives",
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+ "sentence": "Couples are listed in the order they performed.",
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+ "sentence": "Selma Blair announced that she had to withdraw from the competition for medical reasons, although she and Sasha Farber still performed their waltz",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "As a result, no one else was eliminated at the end of the night",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Each couple performed one unlearned dance recalling their high school prom nights, and a dance marathon to the hustle and Lindy Hop for bonus points",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Couples are listed in the order they performed.",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Due to Selma Blair's withdrawal, the judges' scores and viewer votes from both nights were combined.",
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Week 6: Michael Bubl\u00e9 Night",
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+ "section_title": "Week 7: Halloween Night",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Each couple performed one unlearned dance and participated in a team dance to Halloween themes",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Couples are listed in the order they performed.",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Val Chmerkovskiy tested positive for COVID-19, so Gabby Windey performed instead with Alan Bersten",
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+ "sentence": "Couples are listed in the order they performed",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Two couples were sent home at the end of the night in a double elimination.",
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+ "sentence": "Vanilla Ice, En Vogue, Salt-N-Pepa, and Kid 'n Play performed their respective songs during the dance relays",
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Week 9: Semifinals",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Each couple performed one unlearned ballroom dance and one unlearned Latin dance",
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "Couples are listed in the order they performed",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Each couple performed one redemption dance coached by one of the judges, and their freestyle routine",
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606
+ "disney+",
607
+ "jordin sparks",
608
+ "pasha pashkov",
609
+ "banks",
610
+ "elvis presley",
611
+ "peta murgatroyd",
612
+ "arnold",
613
+ "salt-n-pepa",
614
+ "daniella karagach",
615
+ "carrie ann inaba",
616
+ "en vogue",
617
+ "dig a little deeper",
618
+ "latin",
619
+ "emma slater",
620
+ "american",
621
+ "cheryl burke",
622
+ "abc",
623
+ "alexis warr",
624
+ "alan bersten",
625
+ "premiere night party couples",
626
+ "brandon armstrong",
627
+ "gleb savchenko",
628
+ "elvis night",
629
+ "kid 'n play",
630
+ "james bond",
631
+ "sway",
632
+ "jenna johnson",
633
+ "charli",
634
+ "bruno tonioli.",
635
+ "wayne brady",
636
+ "cast couples",
637
+ "kateryna klishyna",
638
+ "selma blair",
639
+ "the bachelorette",
640
+ "louis van amstel",
641
+ "halloween night each",
642
+ "len goodman",
643
+ "goodman",
644
+ "disney+ night each",
645
+ "iwasaki",
646
+ "dancing with the stars",
647
+ "charleston.",
648
+ "alfonso ribeiro",
649
+ "90s night each",
650
+ "good morning america",
651
+ "koko iwasaki",
652
+ "witney carson",
653
+ "jenifer lewis",
654
+ "charli d'amelio",
655
+ "bubl\u00e9",
656
+ "gabby windey",
657
+ "daniel durant",
658
+ "hayley erbert",
659
+ "halloween",
660
+ "britt stewart",
661
+ "lindy hop",
662
+ "derek hough",
663
+ "artem chigvintsev",
664
+ "trevor donovan",
665
+ "johnson",
666
+ "covid-19",
667
+ "so you think you can dance",
668
+ "bruno tonioli",
669
+ "shangela",
670
+ "2022 tour",
671
+ "stars' stories week each",
672
+ "dancing with the stars live!"
673
+ ]
674
+ }
json/Darya_Dugina.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,997 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Darya_Dugina",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darya_Dugina",
4
+ "summary": "Darya Aleksandrovna Dugina (Russian: \u0414\u0430\u0301\u0440\u044c\u044f \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0443\u0301\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430; 15 December 1992 \u2013 20 August 2022), also known under the pen name Daria Platonova (Russian: \u0414\u0430\u0440\u044c\u044f \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430), was a Russian journalist, political scientist, and activist. She was the daughter of Aleksandr Dugin, a supporter of Vladimir Putin and a far-right political philosopher, whose support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine she shared.She was killed in August 2022 in a car bombing on the outskirts of Moscow.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Early life and education",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "Darya Dugina was born on 15 December 1992 in Moscow, Russia",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "She was the daughter of Aleksandr Dugin and his second wife, philosopher Natalya Melentyeva",
15
+ "refs": [
16
+ "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1097030/Russia.pdf"
17
+ ]
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "sentence": "In 2012/2013, while studying at Moscow State University, she was an intern at Bordeaux Montaigne University, specializing in Ancient Greek philosophy",
21
+ "refs": [
22
+ "https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/most-dangerous-man-world-paul-knott-putin-fascist-philosopher-33062/"
23
+ ]
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "sentence": "Her MSU degree \"focused on the political philosophy of late Neo-Platonism\"",
27
+ "refs": [
28
+ "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/08/21/ya-s-gordostyu-nesu-eto-znamya-byt-docheryu-i-prodolzhat-bitvu-ottsa"
29
+ ]
30
+ }
31
+ ],
32
+ "subsections": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "section_title": "Career and activism",
36
+ "section_content": [
37
+ {
38
+ "sentence": "After university, she worked as a journalist, writing for the state-controlled media outlet RT and the pro-Kremlin conservative channel Tsargrad, using the pen name Daria Platonova",
39
+ "refs": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "sentence": "She was affiliated with the International Eurasian Movement, and worked for them as a political commentator",
43
+ "refs": [
44
+ "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1097030/Russia.pdf",
45
+ "https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/08/21/71588441/"
46
+ ]
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "sentence": "According to the United States Department of the Treasury, which added her to the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List on 3 March 2022, she was the chief editor of a disinformation website called United World International which states it is owned by Putin ally Yevgeny Prigozhin, who also controls the state-backed Wagner Group",
50
+ "refs": []
51
+ },
52
+ {
53
+ "sentence": "At the same time, she served as a press secretary of her father",
54
+ "refs": [
55
+ "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0628",
56
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/21/daughter-of-putin-ally-alexander-dugin-killed-in-car-bomb-in-moscow-reports",
57
+ "https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/alexander-dugin-darya-putin-russia-ukraine-assassination",
58
+ "https://www.eurointegration.com.ua/rus/news/2022/07/4/7142571/"
59
+ ]
60
+ }
61
+ ],
62
+ "subsections": [
63
+ {
64
+ "section_title": "2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine",
65
+ "section_content": [
66
+ {
67
+ "sentence": "Dugina was an outspoken supporter of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine",
68
+ "refs": []
69
+ },
70
+ {
71
+ "sentence": "In particular, she claimed that the war crimes against Ukrainian civilians by the Russian army during the invasion were staged",
72
+ "refs": []
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "sentence": "She mentioned that the war in Ukraine \"serves to break the bridges of interaction between Russia and Europe, a struggle between two worldviews.\" In June 2022, she visited occupied Donetsk and Mariupol",
76
+ "refs": [
77
+ "https://www.thedailybeast.com/darya-dugina-daughter-of-putin-propagandist-alexander-dugin-killed-in-car-bomb-reports-say",
78
+ "https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/20/europe/darya-dugina-killed-car-explosion-alexander-dugin-russia-intl-hnk/index.html",
79
+ "https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2022/02/19/geopolitical-war-of-the-west-against-russia-ukrainian-case/"
80
+ ]
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "sentence": "Dugina visited the Azovstal plant in Mariupol, where she collaborated with British journalist Graham Phillips, who also worked for Russian state media",
84
+ "refs": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "sentence": "On 4 July 2022, she was sanctioned by the British government, which accused her of being a \"frequent and high-profile contributor of disinformation in relation to Ukraine and the Russian invasion of Ukraine on various online platforms.\" She responded by saying that she is an ordinary journalist and should not have been sanctioned",
88
+ "refs": [
89
+ "https://meduza.io/en/feature/2022/08/23/daria-dugina",
90
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/21/daughter-of-putin-ally-alexander-dugin-killed-in-car-bomb-in-moscow-reports",
91
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/21/world/europe/daria-dugina-russia-politics.html",
92
+ "https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/08/21/71588441/",
93
+ "https://www.opensanctions.org/entities/NK-5crFTeJMuGs73hALhtnefM/"
94
+ ]
95
+ }
96
+ ],
97
+ "subsections": []
98
+ }
99
+ ]
100
+ },
101
+ {
102
+ "section_title": "Killing",
103
+ "section_content": [
104
+ {
105
+ "sentence": "Dugina was killed on 20 August 2022, when her car exploded on Mozhayskoye Highway in the settlement of Bolshiye Vyazyomy outside Moscow around 9:45\u00a0p.m",
106
+ "refs": []
107
+ },
108
+ {
109
+ "sentence": "local time",
110
+ "refs": []
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "sentence": "She was driving to Moscow after attending the annual festival \"Tradition,\" which describes itself as a family festival for art lovers",
114
+ "refs": [
115
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62621509",
116
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
117
+ ]
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "sentence": "The \"Tradition\" festival is held at the Zakharovo estate, approximately 1 kilometre (0.62\u00a0mi) north of Bolshiye Vyazyomy",
121
+ "refs": [
122
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62621509"
123
+ ]
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "sentence": "Investigators said an explosive device was attached to the underside of the car",
127
+ "refs": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "sentence": "It is unclear whether she was targeted deliberately, or whether her father, who had been expected to travel with her but switched to another car at the last minute, was the intended target, or whether the intention might have been to kill both",
131
+ "refs": [
132
+ "https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-62634267",
133
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62621509"
134
+ ]
135
+ }
136
+ ],
137
+ "subsections": [
138
+ {
139
+ "section_title": "Claim of responsibility from National Republican Army",
140
+ "section_content": [
141
+ {
142
+ "sentence": "Ilya Ponomarev, a former member of Russia's State Duma now living in exile in Ukraine, claimed that a Russian partisan group was responsible for the attack, and that the hitherto unknown group calls itself National Republican Army (NRA) (Russian: \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f (\u041d\u0420\u0410))",
143
+ "refs": []
144
+ }
145
+ ],
146
+ "subsections": [
147
+ {
148
+ "section_title": "Ponomarev statements about NRA involvement",
149
+ "section_content": [
150
+ {
151
+ "sentence": "Ponomarev claims the NRA is an underground group working inside Russia, dedicated to removing Putin from power",
152
+ "refs": []
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "sentence": "He has subsequently claimed it is a \"network\" of clandestine cells",
156
+ "refs": [
157
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62643274"
158
+ ]
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "In Ponomarev's narrative to the Kyiv Post, the group has previously carried out anonymous arson attacks on military induction centers, then shifted to targeting Dugin and Dugina as \"something high-profile for which they could become well known.\" He elaborated that a contact in the group told him a week before the assassination to expect \"something big,\" followed by instructions on the day of the event to \"watch the news.\" Following news coverage of the assassination, Ponomarev claims that he was provided evidence of the group's responsibility",
162
+ "refs": [
163
+ "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/daughter-of-russian-philosopher-alexander-dugin-killed-in-car-explosion/2665902"
164
+ ]
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "sentence": "Ponomarev added that his sources believed two persons (i.e., both Dugin and Dugina) were in the targeted car",
168
+ "refs": []
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "sentence": "From Ponomarev's statement, it is unclear whether she was targeted deliberately, or whether her father was the intended target, or whether the intention might have been to kill both",
172
+ "refs": [
173
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yWAosuJM-I"
174
+ ]
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "Ponomarev gave a similar account to Radio NV (Ukrainian: \u0420\u0430\u0434\u0456\u043e \u041d\u0412), adding that his contacts \"sent certain photos to prove their involvement.\"",
178
+ "refs": [
179
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
180
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/21/ex-russian-mp-claims-russian-partisans-responsible-for-moscow-car-bomb"
181
+ ]
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "sentence": "Along with the claim of responsibility for the assassination, Ponomarev aired the organization's manifesto on his media outlet \"February Morning\" (Russian: \u0423\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0424\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044f) and hailed it as \"a new page in Russian resistance to Putinism",
185
+ "refs": []
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "sentence": "New\u2014but not the last.\" Later confronted with the news of the FSB's accusation of Ukrainian involvement, Ilya Ponomarev told the Meduza news outlet that his purported sources in the National Republican Army deny the claimed Ukrainian being the perpetrator while leaving ambiguous whether she may have had a role",
189
+ "refs": [
190
+ "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/daughter-of-russian-philosopher-alexander-dugin-killed-in-car-explosion/2665902"
191
+ ]
192
+ },
193
+ {
194
+ "sentence": "In both Meduza and a message to his Telegram channel \"Rospartisan\" (Russian: \u0420\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043d), Ponomarev appeared to take credit for her exfiltration from Russia at the request of unnamed \"friends\"",
195
+ "refs": [
196
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yWAosuJM-I"
197
+ ]
198
+ },
199
+ {
200
+ "sentence": "Following his announcement of support for the assassination and the NRA, Ponomarev claims to have been disinvited from a planned meeting of Russian dissidents",
201
+ "refs": [
202
+ "https://utro02.tv/2022/08/21/ilya-ponomarev-zachital-manifest-naczionalnoj-respublikanskoj-armii-likvidacziya-dari-duginoj-eto-akcziya-soprotivleniya-prestupnoj-vlasti-putina/"
203
+ ]
204
+ }
205
+ ],
206
+ "subsections": []
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "section_title": "Scepticism about NRA involvement",
210
+ "section_content": [
211
+ {
212
+ "sentence": "As of 21\u00a0August\u00a02022 [update], Associated Press and The Guardian articles concerning the death of Dugina and its aftermath state that the claim of a National Republican Army responsibility cannot be confirmed",
213
+ "refs": []
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "sentence": "A 22 August 2022 report from Reuters says that \"Ponomarev's assertion and the group's existence could not be independently verified.\"",
217
+ "refs": [
218
+ "https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/exclusive-interview-russias-nra-begins-activism.html",
219
+ "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/08/22/oni-videli-chto-v-mashinu-sadyatsya-dva-cheloveka-i-dumali-chto-vtoroy-dugin",
220
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FvYY9y60fg&t=37s"
221
+ ]
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "sentence": "In an interview with Ponomarev for Meduza, both the interviewer Svetlana Reiter and the editor note skepticism about his claims about the Russian NRA, his accommodations of Putin in his Duma career, and the source of his wealth",
225
+ "refs": []
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "sentence": "Separately, Meduza managing editor Kevin Rothrock questioned Ponomarev's integrity, the existence of the NRA, and implied that both Dugin and Dugina were \"civilians\" who should not have been targeted",
229
+ "refs": [
230
+ "https://t.me/rospartizan/967",
231
+ "https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russia-ukraine-war-1.6557789"
232
+ ]
233
+ },
234
+ {
235
+ "sentence": "Citing the livestream of Yulia Latynina, Cathy Young discussed the possibility that Ponomarev is a \"a grifter trying to sell a good story\", but said that the NRA manifesto's appeal to patriotism is not suggestive of black propaganda",
236
+ "refs": [
237
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/21/ukraine-braces-for-intensified-attacks-after-moscow-car-bomb-killing"
238
+ ]
239
+ },
240
+ {
241
+ "sentence": "Sergey S",
242
+ "refs": []
243
+ },
244
+ {
245
+ "sentence": "Radchenko, a professor at the Henry A",
246
+ "refs": []
247
+ },
248
+ {
249
+ "sentence": "Kissinger Center for Global Affairs at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, told Deutsche Welle he found the claim of responsibility and manifesto to both be \"dodgy.\" Deutsche Welle's reporter in Kyiv Roman Goncharenko said, \"there are more questions than answers\" about the group, and noted that the group's purported manifesto employs a call to action \"fight like us, fight with us, fight better than us!\" (Russian: \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b, \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441!) inspired by the Deutscher Fernsehfunk children's television show Do with us, do as we do, do better than us!\u200a\u00a0 [de; ru] that aired in both East Germany and the Soviet Union until 1991",
250
+ "refs": [
251
+ "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/08/22/oni-videli-chto-v-mashinu-sadyatsya-dva-cheloveka-i-dumali-chto-vtoroy-dugin"
252
+ ]
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "sentence": "Matthew Sussex of Australian National University's National Security College wrote that \"very few observers believe the hitherto-unknown National Republican Army, which claimed responsibility for the killing, was to blame",
256
+ "refs": []
257
+ },
258
+ {
259
+ "sentence": "But if it were, then it points to the real possibility of organised domestic terrorism in Russia.\" In The New Yorker, Masha Gessen mused that \"either the National Republican Army is a new group using terrorist tactics, and it killed Dugina to show what it's capable of; or this is, in effect, a marketing move, a rush to take credit",
260
+ "refs": [
261
+ "https://t.me/krothrock/199"
262
+ ]
263
+ },
264
+ {
265
+ "sentence": "In either case\u2014whether the National Republican Army is real or fictional\u2014this version is probably inching closer to the truth.\"",
266
+ "refs": [
267
+ "https://www.thebulwark.com/the-dugina-killing-aftermath/"
268
+ ]
269
+ }
270
+ ],
271
+ "subsections": []
272
+ }
273
+ ]
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "section_title": "Investigation",
277
+ "section_content": [
278
+ {
279
+ "sentence": "On 22 August, the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) claimed that Ukrainian special services were behind the killing, alleging that their primary suspect was a middle-aged female Ukrainian national who escaped to Estonia after the explosion",
280
+ "refs": []
281
+ },
282
+ {
283
+ "sentence": "According to the FSB, after arriving with her daughter in Russia the previous month the Ukrainian rented an apartment in the same building where Dugina lived, and both were present at the same festival Dugina attended before she was killed",
284
+ "refs": [
285
+ "https://www.dw.com/en/nobody-had-previously-ever-heard-of-the-national-republican-army-prof-sergey-radchenko/av-62893969",
286
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDisvwsE98Y"
287
+ ]
288
+ },
289
+ {
290
+ "sentence": "The FSB also released surveillance footage from cameras at the entrance of the apartment building and at the border crossing points, purportedly showing the suspect, and said that she drove a Mini Cooper",
291
+ "refs": [
292
+ "https://theconversation.com/russia-is-fighting-three-undeclared-wars-its-fourth-an-internal-struggle-for-russia-itself-might-be-looming-189129"
293
+ ]
294
+ },
295
+ {
296
+ "sentence": "The FSB allege she used a license plate from the Donetsk People's Republic, then switched to a plate from Kazakhstan and then used a plate from Ukraine to cross the border to Estonia",
297
+ "refs": []
298
+ },
299
+ {
300
+ "sentence": "Interfax later reported that the FSB named an accomplice, a middle-aged male Ukrainian national, as providing logistical assistance to the primary assassin",
301
+ "refs": []
302
+ },
303
+ {
304
+ "sentence": "Specifically, the FSB alleged that the accomplice provided the primary suspect with their false license plates and a Kazakhstani passport, and assisted in bomb assembly while in Russia",
305
+ "refs": []
306
+ },
307
+ {
308
+ "sentence": "The FSB further alleged that the accomplice had also escaped to Estonia",
309
+ "refs": []
310
+ },
311
+ {
312
+ "sentence": "The name of the alleged accomplice was released by FSB on 29 August 2022",
313
+ "refs": [
314
+ "https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-mysterious-murder-of-darya-dugina"
315
+ ]
316
+ },
317
+ {
318
+ "sentence": "The later Interfax report elaborated that the FSB assert that the primary assassin tailed Dugina within the parking lot for guests at the \"Tradition,\" followed Dugina's Land Cruiser in her own Mini Cooper, and detonated the bomb via remote control",
319
+ "refs": []
320
+ },
321
+ {
322
+ "sentence": "It has been impossible to independently verify any of the claims made by the FSB as Russia has criminalized disagreement with the official narrative of the killing and the war in Ukraine in general, and has shut down all non-Kremlin approved reporting",
323
+ "refs": [
324
+ "https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-mysterious-murder-of-darya-dugina"
325
+ ]
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "sentence": "On 23 October 2023, The Washington Post reported that the SBU had carried out dozens of assassinations in Russia since the invasion began, including the bomb attack that killed Darya Dugina, which Ukraine had previously denied",
329
+ "refs": []
330
+ }
331
+ ],
332
+ "subsections": [
333
+ {
334
+ "section_title": "Ukrainian government response",
335
+ "section_content": [
336
+ {
337
+ "sentence": "The Ukrainian government denied any involvement, with Ukrainian presidential advisor Mykhailo Podolyak stating that \"we are not a criminal state like the Russian Federation, much less a terrorist one\", and later blaming the killing on infighting between Russian security agencies",
338
+ "refs": [
339
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/russias-fsb-blames-ukrainian-intelligence-for-car-bombing/2022/08/22/5771f7f6-220f-11ed-a72f-1e7149072fbc_story.html",
340
+ "https://www.interfax.ru/russia/858653",
341
+ "https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-estonia-moscow-1cf26a2e2b7667b8e687ef95b047427a"
342
+ ]
343
+ },
344
+ {
345
+ "sentence": "While refusing to give comment on the assassination itself, the spokesman for the Chief Directorate of Intelligence of the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine told The Washington Post that \"I can say that the process of internal destruction of the 'Russky Mir,' or 'the Russian world,' has begun\", and predicted that \"the Russian world will eat and devour itself from the inside.\"",
346
+ "refs": [
347
+ "https://theconversation.com/russia-is-fighting-three-undeclared-wars-its-fourth-an-internal-struggle-for-russia-itself-might-be-looming-189129",
348
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/22/world/europe/russia-ukraine-daria-dugina.html"
349
+ ]
350
+ }
351
+ ],
352
+ "subsections": []
353
+ },
354
+ {
355
+ "section_title": "Estonian government response",
356
+ "section_content": [
357
+ {
358
+ "sentence": "The Minister of Foreign Affairs for Estonia, Urmas Reinsalu, said that the claim that Dugina's assassin fled to safe harbor in Estonia was \" [one] provocation in a very long line of provocations by the Russian Federation\" and rejected the claim that Dugina's alleged killer had fled to Estonia",
359
+ "refs": [
360
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/08/21/world/ukraine-russia-news-war"
361
+ ]
362
+ },
363
+ {
364
+ "sentence": "Reinsalu and the Ministry urged Estonians to avoid travel to Russia, and advised those on short term travel in Russia to hasten their exit",
365
+ "refs": [
366
+ "https://fortune.com/2022/08/21/car-bomb-killed-daughter-putin-ideologist-saturday-ukraine-denies-involvement-darya-dugina-alexander-dugin/"
367
+ ]
368
+ },
369
+ {
370
+ "sentence": "In statements to The New York Times, law enforcement in Estonia said that Russia had not requested their assistance",
371
+ "refs": [
372
+ "https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-putin-moscow-55c246aaeb45a8ff44eceba2efc164c1"
373
+ ]
374
+ }
375
+ ],
376
+ "subsections": []
377
+ },
378
+ {
379
+ "section_title": "US intelligence assessment",
380
+ "section_content": [
381
+ {
382
+ "sentence": "According to an assessment by the United States Intelligence Community reported by The New York Times on 5 October 2022, officials believe that parts of the Ukrainian government authorized the killing, with some US officials suspecting that Aleksandr Dugin was the intended target with Darya Dugina also being in the car",
383
+ "refs": []
384
+ },
385
+ {
386
+ "sentence": "American officials also admonished Ukrainian officials over the killing, it reported, and that they were not aware of the operation",
387
+ "refs": [
388
+ "https://korrespondent.net/world/russia/4508165-v-rf-oppozytsyia-sozdala-partyzanskuui-armyui"
389
+ ]
390
+ }
391
+ ],
392
+ "subsections": []
393
+ }
394
+ ]
395
+ },
396
+ {
397
+ "section_title": "Russian reaction",
398
+ "section_content": [
399
+ {
400
+ "sentence": "On 21 August 2022, exiled former parliamentarian Ilya Ponomarev, via services read aloud a manifesto of the National Republican Army (NRA) calling for armed action against the regime and endorsed both the assassination and the manifesto",
401
+ "refs": []
402
+ },
403
+ {
404
+ "sentence": "The following day, the anti-Putin exile group the Russian Action Committee blacklisted Ponomarev from attending the Free Russia Congress on grounds that he had \"called for terrorist attacks on Russian territory.\" The committee's statement also implied that Dugina was a \"civilian\" who \"did not take part in the armed confrontation,\" and similarly condemned the mockery of Alexandr Dugin following the attack as \"a demonstrative rejection of normal human empathy for the families of the victims.\"",
405
+ "refs": [
406
+ "https://news.err.ee/1608693100/foreign-minister-urges-against-travel-to-russia-in-wake-of-dugina-murder",
407
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/22/world/europe/estonia-russia-ukraine-dugina.html",
408
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/10/06/us-suspects-ukraine-in-killing-of-pro-kremlin-ideologues-daughter-nyt-a78996",
409
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/05/us/politics/ukraine-russia-dugina-assassination.html"
410
+ ]
411
+ },
412
+ {
413
+ "sentence": "Dugina's father, Aleksandr Dugin, called the killing a \"terrorist act executed by the Nazi Ukrainian regime\" and wrote that \"we need only our victory.\" Russian president Vladimir Putin sent a message of condolences to the family of Dugina, describing her as a \"bright, talented person with a real Russian heart.\" Putin posthumously awarded Dugina the Order of Courage",
414
+ "refs": [
415
+ "https://utro02.tv/2022/08/21/ilya-ponomarev-zachital-manifest-naczionalnoj-respublikanskoj-armii-likvidacziya-dari-duginoj-eto-akcziya-soprotivleniya-prestupnoj-vlasti-putina/",
416
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20220821172201/https://t.me/rospartizan/965"
417
+ ]
418
+ },
419
+ {
420
+ "sentence": "The head of the Kremlin-recognized breakaway Donetsk People's Republic, Denis Pushilin, claimed that Ukrainian authorities were behind the explosion",
421
+ "refs": [
422
+ "https://ruskd.com/conf/"
423
+ ]
424
+ },
425
+ {
426
+ "sentence": "In the immediate aftermath of the assassination, the United States-government backed Ukrainian news service Svoboda.org gathered various perspectives from Russian-language social media",
427
+ "refs": []
428
+ },
429
+ {
430
+ "sentence": "They included a round-up of reactions from pro-regime figures including former National Bolshevik Party member Zakhar Prilepin blaming Ukrainians (and calling for grenade attacks in reprisal); Aleksey Chadayev\u00a0 [d] blaming Poles; Yegor Kholmogorov\u00a0 [d], Darya Mitina, Yevgeny Primakov Jr",
431
+ "refs": []
432
+ },
433
+ {
434
+ "sentence": "attributing the death to Westerners in general; and Alexander Ryklin\u00a0 [d] blaming Alexei Navalny",
435
+ "refs": []
436
+ },
437
+ {
438
+ "sentence": "The same compilation included responses from opponents and critics of Putin",
439
+ "refs": []
440
+ },
441
+ {
442
+ "sentence": "Dmitry Gudkov wrote of the event as a \"boomerang\" (Russian: \u0431\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0433) for Dugin's warlike rhetoric",
443
+ "refs": []
444
+ },
445
+ {
446
+ "sentence": "Maria Baronova observed that since the outbreak of the \"special military operation\" assassinations were shifting from cloaked poisonings back to openly violent means, and recalled wry advice from the 1990s to avoid expensive cars",
447
+ "refs": []
448
+ },
449
+ {
450
+ "sentence": "Grigorii Golosov theorized that the attack was meant for Darya Dugina (and not her father) to provide an appealing martyr for anti-Ukraine hawks, though he stressed that he would refrain from guessing whom these hawks are",
451
+ "refs": []
452
+ },
453
+ {
454
+ "sentence": "Alexander Nevzorov wrote that neither Dugin nor Dugina were important, but noted the assassination had created fear among Putin's circles",
455
+ "refs": []
456
+ }
457
+ ],
458
+ "subsections": []
459
+ },
460
+ {
461
+ "section_title": "International reaction",
462
+ "section_content": [
463
+ {
464
+ "sentence": "On 23 August, United Nations spokesperson St\u00e9phane Dujarric called for an investigation into Dugina's killing",
465
+ "refs": []
466
+ },
467
+ {
468
+ "sentence": "Pope Francis condemned the killing of Darya Dugina and mentioned it as an example of the \"madness of war,\" called Dugina \"an innocent victim.\" The statement was strongly criticized by the Ukrainian ambassador to the Holy See Andrii Yurash, and the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs summoned the Apostolic Nuncio in Ukraine Archbishop Visvaldas Kulbokas for explanations on the issue",
469
+ "refs": [
470
+ "https://meduza.io/news/2022/08/22/chelovek-s-nastoyaschim-russkim-serdtsem-putin-vyrazil-soboleznovaniya-semie-ubitoy-dari-duginoy",
471
+ "https://news.yahoo.com/putin-confers-order-courage-dugina-180405835.html",
472
+ "https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/08/21/car-bomb-kills-daughter-of-kremlin-hardline-ideologue-a78619",
473
+ "https://www.svoboda.org/a/ot-terrora-sbu-do-zhertvy-fsb-sotsseti-o-smerti-darji-duginoy/31998033.html",
474
+ "https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/2022/08/22/937100-oon-prizvala-ustanovit-vse-fakti",
475
+ "https://ria.ru/20220824/vatikan-1811777659.html"
476
+ ]
477
+ },
478
+ {
479
+ "sentence": "In a statement to Vatican News, the Holy See clarified that the Pope's words were to be interpreted as a defense of human life, not as a political defense of Dugina, noting that Francis has repeatedly condemned the Russian invasion of Ukraine",
480
+ "refs": [
481
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pope-warns-potential-nuclear-disaster-ukraines-zaporizhzhia-plant-2022-08-24/",
482
+ "https://www.thedailybeast.com/ukraine-angry-after-pope-francis-calls-darya-dugina-innocent-war-victim"
483
+ ]
484
+ },
485
+ {
486
+ "sentence": "In The Conversation, Matthew Sussex of Australian National University's National Security College wrote: \"any way you cut it, the killing of Darya Dugina brings Putin's own leadership into question",
487
+ "refs": []
488
+ },
489
+ {
490
+ "sentence": "This is something he has scrupulously avoided",
491
+ "refs": []
492
+ },
493
+ {
494
+ "sentence": "He is obsessed with control, and enjoys the support of a massive propaganda machine to turn defeats into triumphs and blame others for his mistakes.\" French magazine \u00c9l\u00e9ments, organ of the ethno-nationalist think tank GRECE, published a lengthy tribute to both",
495
+ "refs": [
496
+ "https://t.me/krothrock/199"
497
+ ]
498
+ },
499
+ {
500
+ "sentence": "Ideologue Alain de Benoist called Dugina's death \"an act of war\"",
501
+ "refs": []
502
+ }
503
+ ],
504
+ "subsections": []
505
+ },
506
+ {
507
+ "section_title": "Funeral and burial",
508
+ "section_content": [
509
+ {
510
+ "sentence": "On 23 August 2022, a farewell ceremony for Dugina was held at a TV studio in Moscow's Ostankino Tower, where she was lying in state; it was attended, among others, by far-right party leader Leonid Slutsky, propagandist Dmitry Kiselyov, and \"Putin's chef,\" government and military contractor Yevgeny Prigozhin, leader of A Just Russia \u2014 For Truth Sergey Mironov, Deputy Chairman of the State Duma Sergey Neverov, National Bolshevik writer and activist Zakhar Prilepin, the head of the State television Rossiya Segodnya Dmitry Kiselyov, Governor of Khabarovsk Krai Mikhail Degtyarev, ultra-conservative oligarch Konstantin Malofeev and Vladimir Putin's representative Igor Shchyogolev",
511
+ "refs": []
512
+ },
513
+ {
514
+ "sentence": "On the same day, the Russian President Vladimir Putin posthumously awarded her with the Order of Courage for \"courage and selflessness shown in the performance of her professional duty.\"",
515
+ "refs": [
516
+ "https://www.ibtimes.com/ukraine-summons-archbishop-says-heart-torn-after-pope-francis-called-darya-dugina-innocent-3605946",
517
+ "https://www.thedailybeast.com/ukraine-summons-vatican-envoy-over-pope-francis-remarks-about-darya-dugina-being-innocent",
518
+ "https://www.vaticannews.va/it/vaticano/news/2022-08/ucraina-santa-sede-papa-francesco-difende-vita.html"
519
+ ]
520
+ },
521
+ {
522
+ "sentence": "Dugina's funeral was held in the Church of St Michael the Archangel in Mikhailovskaya Sloboda\u00a0 [ru] in Ramensky District of Moscow Oblast; the ceremony was presided by Metropolitan Paul Ponomaryov of Krasnodar and Kuban, who, on behalf of Patriarch Kirill of Moscow, extended his condolences to Aleksandr Dugin and the other relatives",
523
+ "refs": []
524
+ },
525
+ {
526
+ "sentence": "After the funeral services, she was buried next to her grandmother in the village cemetery",
527
+ "refs": [
528
+ "https://www.revue-elements.com/notre-hommage-a-darya-douguine/",
529
+ "https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/daria-dugina-has-become-a-martyr-for-putin"
530
+ ]
531
+ }
532
+ ],
533
+ "subsections": []
534
+ }
535
+ ]
536
+ },
537
+ {
538
+ "section_title": "Notes",
539
+ "section_content": [],
540
+ "subsections": []
541
+ },
542
+ {
543
+ "section_title": "See also",
544
+ "section_content": [],
545
+ "subsections": []
546
+ }
547
+ ],
548
+ "references": {
549
+ "25": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
550
+ "27": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
551
+ "30": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
552
+ "32": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
553
+ "1": "https://www.dw.com/en/did-russian-resistance-kill-daughter-of-alexander-dugin/a-62885119",
554
+ "2": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62621509",
555
+ "3": "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/darya-dugina-alexander-dugin-car-bomb-b2149408.html",
556
+ "4": "https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-21/russia-probes-car-bomb-that-killed-daughter-of-putin-ideologist",
557
+ "5": "https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-mysterious-murder-of-darya-dugina",
558
+ "6": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1097030/Russia.pdf",
559
+ "7": "https://www.theneweuropean.co.uk/most-dangerous-man-world-paul-knott-putin-fascist-philosopher-33062/",
560
+ "8": "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/08/21/ya-s-gordostyu-nesu-eto-znamya-byt-docheryu-i-prodolzhat-bitvu-ottsa",
561
+ "9": "https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20220821094554/https://www.geopolitika.ru/en/article/darya-platonova-war-ukraine-clash-globalist-and-eurasian-civilizations",
562
+ "10": "https://www.fontanka.ru/2022/08/21/71588441/",
563
+ "11": "https://afriquemedia.tv/2022/06/29/daria-platonova-lafrique-est-entree-dans-la-troisieme-etape-de-la-decolonisation/",
564
+ "12": "https://www.rferl.org/a/daughter-kremlin-idealogue-dugin-killed-car-explosion/31997791.html",
565
+ "13": "https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0628",
566
+ "14": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/21/daughter-of-putin-ally-alexander-dugin-killed-in-car-bomb-in-moscow-reports",
567
+ "15": "https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/alexander-dugin-darya-putin-russia-ukraine-assassination",
568
+ "16": "https://www.eurointegration.com.ua/rus/news/2022/07/4/7142571/",
569
+ "17": "https://www.thedailybeast.com/darya-dugina-daughter-of-putin-propagandist-alexander-dugin-killed-in-car-bomb-reports-say",
570
+ "18": "https://www.cnn.com/2022/08/20/europe/darya-dugina-killed-car-explosion-alexander-dugin-russia-intl-hnk/index.html",
571
+ "19": "https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2022/02/19/geopolitical-war-of-the-west-against-russia-ukrainian-case/",
572
+ "20": "https://meduza.io/en/feature/2022/08/23/daria-dugina",
573
+ "21": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/21/daughter-of-putin-ally-alexander-dugin-killed-in-car-bomb-in-moscow-reports",
574
+ "22": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/21/world/europe/daria-dugina-russia-politics.html",
575
+ "23": "https://www.opensanctions.org/entities/NK-5crFTeJMuGs73hALhtnefM/",
576
+ "24": "https://euroradio.fm/ru/chto-ne-tak-s-nacionalnoy-respublikanskoy-armiey-rossii",
577
+ "26": "https://korrespondent.net/world/russia/4508165-v-rf-oppozytsyia-sozdala-partyzanskuui-armyui",
578
+ "28": "https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/05/us/politics/ukraine-russia-dugina-assassination.html",
579
+ "29": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/23/ukraine-cia-shadow-war-russia/",
580
+ "31": "https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-62634267",
581
+ "33": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62643274",
582
+ "34": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/daughter-of-russian-philosopher-alexander-dugin-killed-in-car-explosion/2665902",
583
+ "35": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/daughter-ultra-nationalist-russian-ideologue-killed-suspected-car-bomb-attack-2022-08-21/",
584
+ "36": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yWAosuJM-I",
585
+ "37": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/21/ex-russian-mp-claims-russian-partisans-responsible-for-moscow-car-bomb",
586
+ "38": "https://utro02.tv/2022/08/21/ilya-ponomarev-zachital-manifest-naczionalnoj-respublikanskoj-armii-likvidacziya-dari-duginoj-eto-akcziya-soprotivleniya-prestupnoj-vlasti-putina/",
587
+ "39": "https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/exclusive-interview-russias-nra-begins-activism.html",
588
+ "40": "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/08/22/oni-videli-chto-v-mashinu-sadyatsya-dva-cheloveka-i-dumali-chto-vtoroy-dugin",
589
+ "41": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2FvYY9y60fg&t=37s",
590
+ "42": "https://t.me/rospartizan/967",
591
+ "43": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/russia-ukraine-war-1.6557789",
592
+ "44": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/21/ukraine-braces-for-intensified-attacks-after-moscow-car-bomb-killing",
593
+ "45": "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-fsb-says-ukraine-behind-murder-ultra-nationalists-daughter-2022-08-22/",
594
+ "46": "https://meduza.io/feature/2022/08/22/oni-videli-chto-v-mashinu-sadyatsya-dva-cheloveka-i-dumali-chto-vtoroy-dugin",
595
+ "47": "https://meduza.io/en/feature/2022/08/23/our-task-is-to-finish-off-putin",
596
+ "48": "https://t.me/krothrock/199",
597
+ "49": "https://www.thebulwark.com/the-dugina-killing-aftermath/",
598
+ "50": "https://www.dw.com/en/nobody-had-previously-ever-heard-of-the-national-republican-army-prof-sergey-radchenko/av-62893969",
599
+ "51": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TDisvwsE98Y",
600
+ "52": "https://theconversation.com/russia-is-fighting-three-undeclared-wars-its-fourth-an-internal-struggle-for-russia-itself-might-be-looming-189129",
601
+ "53": "https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-mysterious-murder-of-darya-dugina",
602
+ "54": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62634359",
603
+ "55": "https://www.interfax.ru/russia/857703",
604
+ "56": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/russias-fsb-blames-ukrainian-intelligence-for-car-bombing/2022/08/22/5771f7f6-220f-11ed-a72f-1e7149072fbc_story.html",
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json/Death_and_funeral_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI.json ADDED
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+ {
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+ "title": "Death_and_funeral_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_funeral_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI",
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+ "summary": "On 31 December 2022, at 09:34 Central European Time (UTC+1), Pope Benedict XVI died at the Mater Ecclesiae Monastery in Vatican City at the age of 95. He had been pope emeritus since his resignation as the leader of the Catholic Church in 2013 due to ill health. His death ended a nine-year period during which an incumbent pope and a retired pope both lived within Vatican City.\nBenedict's body lay in state in St. Peter's Basilica from 2 to 4 January 2023, during which around 195,000 mourners paid their respects. His funeral, presided over by Pope Francis, took place in St. Peter's Square on 5 January, and was attended by around 50,000 people.",
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+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Background",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, then Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, was elected Pope Benedict XVI on 19 April 2005, succeeding John Paul II, who died on 2 April 2005",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He stepped down as pope at 20:00 (CET) on 28 February 2013, in the first papal renunciation in almost 600 years since Pope Gregory XII in 1415, and the first to voluntarily step down since Pope Celestine V in 1294",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.cnn.com/2013/02/11/world/europe/pope-benedict-resignation/index.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He cited his declining health as the reason for his resignation",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/pope-emeritus-benedict-xvi-dies-95-rcna63442",
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+ "https://www.cnn.com/2013/02/11/world/europe/pope-resignation-q-and-a/index.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In October 2017, a photograph on Facebook showed Benedict with a black eye",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He had developed a hematoma after slipping at his residence",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Speculation about his health had arisen in the preceding weeks",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In June 2020, Benedict visited his ailing brother Georg Ratzinger in Bavaria, who died shortly after the visit on 1 July",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 3 August 2020, after speculation in the German press in the wake of a visit by the journalist Peter Seewald on 1 August, Benedict's aides disclosed that he was experiencing inflammation of the trigeminal nerve, but stated that his condition was not serious",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Maltese cardinal Mario Grech reported to Vatican News on 2 December 2020 that Benedict was enduring serious difficulties in speaking, reportedly stating to a group of cardinals that \"the Lord has taken away my speech in order to let me appreciate silence\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://thetablet.org/vatican-confirms-pope-benedict-is-ill-but-says-condition-not-serious/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Benedict became the longest-lived pope on 4 September 2020, surpassing Pope Leo XIII, who died in 1903 at the age of 93 years, 4 months and 3 days",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Last days",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In his weekly general audience on 28 December 2022, Pope Francis announced that Benedict was \"very sick\"",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Francis did not disclose the exact nature of his ailment, but called for people to pray for Benedict",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Later that day, Matteo Bruni, the director of the Holy See Press Office, attributed Benedict's illness to old age and reported that he was under medical supervision at the Mater Ecclesiae Monastery in Vatican City, where he had lived since his resignation as pope",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/28/pope-emeritus-benedict-xvi-very-sick-says-pope-francis"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Francis visited Benedict after the audience, and Benedict received the Anointing of the Sick",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2022-12/pope-francis-benedict-xvi-prayers.html",
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+ "https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253165/vatican-benedict-xvi-under-medical-care-as-health-takes-sudden-turn"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 29 December, Bruni reported that Benedict's situation remained grave, but he was \"absolutely lucid and alert\"",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The next day, Benedict participated in the celebration of mass in his room; his condition was stable",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253176/vatican-benedict-xvi-s-condition-serious-but-stable"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The same day, a special mass was celebrated for Benedict at the Basilica of St",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253186/vatican-benedict-xvi-has-rested-well-his-condition-is-stationary"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John Lateran in Rome",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Death",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Benedict died at the Mater Ecclesiae Monastery on 31 December 2022 at 9:34\u00a0a.m",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Central European Time (UTC+01), at the age of 95",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Archbishop Georg G\u00e4nswein, Benedict's personal secretary and confidant, said that his last words, heard by a nurse, were \"Signore ti amo\" (Italian for 'Lord, I love you')",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64107731"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On the same day, the Holy See released his spiritual testament, dated 29 August 2006",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2023-01/benedict-xvi-s-last-words-lord-i-love-you.html",
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+ "https://www.vaticannews.va/it/vaticano/news/2023-01/papa-emerito-benedetto-xvi-morte-ultime-parole-signore-ti-amo.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On the same day, Pope Francis gave his first words about Benedict since his death, praising him",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Funeral",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At the time of Benedict's death, the Holy See had procedures governing the rituals surrounding papal deaths and funerals, but which were designed specifically for the deaths of incumbent popes",
143
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 1 January 2023, Benedict's body was laid in the chapel at the Mater Ecclesiae Monastery, where it was viewed by people closest to him",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He was clothed in red vestments, the traditional liturgical colour for papal funerals",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Since Benedict was no longer pope, he did not wear the pallium or hold the ferula, symbols of the papal office",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253207/vatican-releases-photos-of-benedict-xvis-body"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In the morning of 2 January, Benedict's body was moved to St",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2023/01/04/pope-benedict-funeral-244462"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Peter's Basilica, where he lay in state for three days until his funeral",
167
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Holy See stated that approximately 195,000 people paid their respects during the lying in state",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://edition.cnn.com/2023/01/02/europe/pope-benedict-xvi-lying-in-state-intl"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On the evening of 4 January, Benedict's face was covered with a white veil",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/01/05/pope-benedict-funeral-vatican-watch-live-pope-francis/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "His pallium, coins and medals minted during his reign, and a rogito (Italian for 'deed'; a text summarizing his life and pontificate) were placed in his coffin before it was closed",
183
+ "refs": []
184
+ }
185
+ ],
186
+ "subsections": [
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+ {
188
+ "section_title": "Funeral mass",
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+ "section_content": [
190
+ {
191
+ "sentence": "The booklet for Benedict's funeral Mass was released on 3 January",
192
+ "refs": []
193
+ },
194
+ {
195
+ "sentence": "Matteo Bruni, the director of the Holy See Press Office, said the mass had been adapted from the usual papal burial service, omitting portions applicable to the death of a current pope, and adding other parts",
196
+ "refs": [
197
+ "https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253231/here-are-the-prayers-that-will-be-offered-at-benedict-xvi-s-funeral-mass"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In a departure from previous papal funeral Masses, Eucharistic Prayer\u00a0III was planned to be used instead of the Roman Canon",
202
+ "refs": [
203
+ "https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2023-01/pope-emeritus-benedict-xvi-requiem-mass-details.html"
204
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The funeral ceremony took place in St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
211
+ "sentence": "Peter's Square on 5 January, and began at around 09:30",
212
+ "refs": []
213
+ },
214
+ {
215
+ "sentence": "Pope Francis, Benedict's successor, presided over the service, which was conducted primarily in Latin with prayers and readings also in Italian, Spanish, English, French, Portuguese and Arabic",
216
+ "refs": [
217
+ "https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253258/funeral-of-pope-benedict-xvi"
218
+ ]
219
+ },
220
+ {
221
+ "sentence": "The Sistine Chapel Choir sang at the service, and Giovanni Battista Re, Dean of the College of Cardinals, celebrated the Eucharist at the altar set up in the Square",
222
+ "refs": [
223
+ "https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/libretti/2023/20230105-libretto-esequie-sepoltura_pont-emerito.pdf"
224
+ ]
225
+ },
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "The funeral was attended by an estimated 50,000 people",
228
+ "refs": [
229
+ "https://www.rainews.it/amp/maratona/2023/01/addio-a-benedetto-xvi-lomaggio-dei-fedeli-a-san-pietro-3b70135b-2b28-402a-a6a0-929319bdb24e.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In accordance with Benedict's wishes, his funeral was shorter and simpler than a usual papal funeral",
234
+ "refs": [
235
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jan/05/pope-benedict-xvi-funeral-expected-to-draw-big-crowds-to-st-peters-square-vatican"
236
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Francis delivered a short homily during the Mass that focused on the reading from the Gospel, mentioning Benedict briefly such as to praise his \"wisdom, tenderness and devotion that he bestowed upon us over the years\"",
240
+ "refs": []
241
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Commentators contrasted it to the more effusive homily that Benedict (then Cardinal Ratzinger) gave at Pope John Paul II's funeral",
244
+ "refs": []
245
+ },
246
+ {
247
+ "sentence": "Before this funeral, the first time a pope had assisted at the funeral of his predecessor occurred in 1802, when a solemn ceremony was celebrated in the presence of Pius VII when the remains of Pius VI, who died in French custody in 1799, were brought to Rome",
248
+ "refs": []
249
+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
252
+ },
253
+ {
254
+ "section_title": "Burial",
255
+ "section_content": [
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "Immediately after the funeral, Benedict was interred in a private ceremony in the crypt underneath St",
258
+ "refs": []
259
+ },
260
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Peter's Basilica, in the same tomb that had previously been occupied by Pope John Paul II's body from his death in 2005 until his beatification in 2011",
262
+ "refs": []
263
+ },
264
+ {
265
+ "sentence": "In accordance with tradition, Benedict's cypress coffin was placed inside a zinc one, which was in turn enclosed in an oak outer coffin",
266
+ "refs": [
267
+ "https://apnews.com/article/religion-vatican-city-rome-92b47ae43cbffb0120a7c550085f20f1",
268
+ "https://www.wsj.com/articles/pope-francis-presides-over-funeral-for-pope-benedict-xvi-11672907210"
269
+ ]
270
+ },
271
+ {
272
+ "sentence": "The tomb was opened to public visits on 8 January",
273
+ "refs": [
274
+ "https://www.vaticannews.va/en/vatican-city/news/2023-01/pope-emeritus-benedict-xvi-deed-rogito-coffin.html"
275
+ ]
276
+ }
277
+ ],
278
+ "subsections": []
279
+ },
280
+ {
281
+ "section_title": "Dignitaries in attendance",
282
+ "section_content": [
283
+ {
284
+ "sentence": "In keeping with Benedict's request for a simple funeral, only the governments of Italy and his native Germany were invited to send official delegations, although representatives from other countries and organisations were able to participate \"in a private capacity\"",
285
+ "refs": [
286
+ "https://apnews.com/article/pope-benedict-xvi-dead-live-updates-32a2f8ebbebfd3484da95345328dbce0"
287
+ ]
288
+ },
289
+ {
290
+ "sentence": "Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, President of Portugal, criticised the decision, saying: \"The president of the Republic does not go to these things in a personal capacity, he goes representing the Portuguese State.\"",
291
+ "refs": [
292
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/former-pope-benedict-have-simple-funeral-after-lying-state-2022-12-31/",
293
+ "https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253252/portuguals-president-criticizes-vatican-delegation-restrictions-for-benedict-xvi-funeral"
294
+ ]
295
+ }
296
+ ],
297
+ "subsections": [
298
+ {
299
+ "section_title": "Italy",
300
+ "section_content": [],
301
+ "subsections": []
302
+ },
303
+ {
304
+ "section_title": "Germany",
305
+ "section_content": [],
306
+ "subsections": []
307
+ },
308
+ {
309
+ "section_title": "Other countries",
310
+ "section_content": [],
311
+ "subsections": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "section_title": "Religious representatives",
315
+ "section_content": [],
316
+ "subsections": []
317
+ }
318
+ ]
319
+ },
320
+ {
321
+ "section_title": "Commemorative stamp",
322
+ "section_content": [
323
+ {
324
+ "sentence": "On 31 January 2023, to commemorate the death of Benedict XVI, Vatican City released a stamp",
325
+ "refs": []
326
+ }
327
+ ],
328
+ "subsections": []
329
+ }
330
+ ]
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "section_title": "Reactions",
334
+ "section_content": [],
335
+ "subsections": [
336
+ {
337
+ "section_title": "Argentina",
338
+ "section_content": [],
339
+ "subsections": []
340
+ },
341
+ {
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+ "section_title": "Austria",
343
+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
345
+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Brazil",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Costa Rica",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
355
+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms",
358
+ "section_content": [],
359
+ "subsections": [
360
+ {
361
+ "section_title": "Australia",
362
+ "section_content": [],
363
+ "subsections": []
364
+ },
365
+ {
366
+ "section_title": "Canada",
367
+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
369
+ },
370
+ {
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+ "section_title": "United Kingdom",
372
+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Czech Republic",
379
+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
382
+ {
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+ "section_title": "Denmark",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Fiji",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "France",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Germany",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "India",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Indonesia",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Ireland",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Israel",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Italy",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Japan",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Luxembourg",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Mexico",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Netherlands",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Norway",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Palestine",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Paraguay",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Philippines",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Poland",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
473
+ "section_title": "Portugal",
474
+ "section_content": [],
475
+ "subsections": []
476
+ },
477
+ {
478
+ "section_title": "Romania",
479
+ "section_content": [],
480
+ "subsections": []
481
+ },
482
+ {
483
+ "section_title": "Russia",
484
+ "section_content": [],
485
+ "subsections": []
486
+ },
487
+ {
488
+ "section_title": "Seychelles",
489
+ "section_content": [],
490
+ "subsections": []
491
+ },
492
+ {
493
+ "section_title": "Singapore",
494
+ "section_content": [],
495
+ "subsections": []
496
+ },
497
+ {
498
+ "section_title": "South Africa",
499
+ "section_content": [],
500
+ "subsections": []
501
+ },
502
+ {
503
+ "section_title": "South Korea",
504
+ "section_content": [],
505
+ "subsections": []
506
+ },
507
+ {
508
+ "section_title": "Spain",
509
+ "section_content": [],
510
+ "subsections": []
511
+ },
512
+ {
513
+ "section_title": "Taiwan (Republic of China)",
514
+ "section_content": [],
515
+ "subsections": []
516
+ },
517
+ {
518
+ "section_title": "Thailand",
519
+ "section_content": [],
520
+ "subsections": []
521
+ },
522
+ {
523
+ "section_title": "Ukraine",
524
+ "section_content": [],
525
+ "subsections": []
526
+ },
527
+ {
528
+ "section_title": "United States",
529
+ "section_content": [],
530
+ "subsections": []
531
+ },
532
+ {
533
+ "section_title": "European Union",
534
+ "section_content": [],
535
+ "subsections": [
536
+ {
537
+ "section_title": "European Commission",
538
+ "section_content": [],
539
+ "subsections": []
540
+ },
541
+ {
542
+ "section_title": "European Parliament",
543
+ "section_content": [],
544
+ "subsections": []
545
+ }
546
+ ]
547
+ },
548
+ {
549
+ "section_title": "United Nations",
550
+ "section_content": [],
551
+ "subsections": []
552
+ }
553
+ ]
554
+ },
555
+ {
556
+ "section_title": "See also",
557
+ "section_content": [],
558
+ "subsections": []
559
+ },
560
+ {
561
+ "section_title": "Notes",
562
+ "section_content": [],
563
+ "subsections": []
564
+ },
565
+ {
566
+ "section_title": "References",
567
+ "section_content": [],
568
+ "subsections": []
569
+ },
570
+ {
571
+ "section_title": "Further reading",
572
+ "section_content": [],
573
+ "subsections": []
574
+ },
575
+ {
576
+ "section_title": "External links",
577
+ "section_content": [],
578
+ "subsections": []
579
+ }
580
+ ],
581
+ "references": {
582
+ "58": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "3": "https://www.cnn.com/2013/02/11/world/europe/pope-resignation-q-and-a/index.html",
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+ "4": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/11/pope-benedict-xvi-resigns-age",
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+ "5": "https://aleteia.org/2017/10/28/pope-benedict-has-black-eye-in-new-photos/",
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+ "6": "https://www.katholisch.de/artikel/26029-georg-ratzinger-ist-gestorben",
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+ "7": "https://thetablet.org/vatican-confirms-pope-benedict-is-ill-but-says-condition-not-serious/",
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+ "8": "https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2020/12/02/benedict-xvi-having-trouble-speaking-new-cardinal_c0076aaf-ef39-4b07-b0ab-75dc954d9dc1.html",
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+ "9": "https://www.france24.com/en/20200904-benedict-xvi-becomes-oldest-pope-in-history",
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+ "21": "https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/253198/pope-francis-gives-thanks-to-god-for-benedict-xvis-sacrifices-for-the-church",
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+ "22": "https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/12/31/world/pope-benedict-dies",
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606
+ "24": "https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2023/01/04/pope-benedict-funeral-244462",
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703
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+ "153": "https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2023/01/02/2003791841",
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+ "title": "Dumas_Malone",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumas_Malone",
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+ "summary": "Dumas Malone (DEW-mah; January 10, 1892 \u2013 December 27, 1986) was an American historian, minister, and biographer. A professor by occupation, Malone spent the majority of his career teaching at the University of Virginia (UVA), where he served as the Thomas Jefferson Foundation Professor of History.Malone was best known for his six-volume biography, Jefferson and His Time, for which he received the 1975 Pulitzer Prize for History. Completed in 1981, the series became Malone's defining work and is considered the foremost authoritative biography of Thomas Jefferson. Before beginning a lifelong career as a biographer, he was editor-in-chief of the twenty-volume Dictionary of American Biography and the third director of the Harvard University Press. In 1983, President Ronald Reagan awarded him the Presidential Medal of Freedom.",
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+ "content": [
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+ "section_title": "Upbringing",
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+ "sentence": "Malone was born in Coldwater, Mississippi, on January 10, 1892, to clergyman John W",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Malone (1856\u20131930) and suffragist schoolteacher Lillian Kemp",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "[note 1] He was raised in a poor, religious household which hailed from the Deep South, and his grandfather was a Confederate veteran who served in the American Civil War",
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "After Malone's birth, the family moved to Oxford, Mississippi, where John Malone served as president of the Woman's College of Oxford, later becoming a minister in Brunswick, Georgia",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 1902, Malone's father was made president of Andrew College",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 1906, Malone matriculated at Emory College (now Emory University) at the age of fourteen, receiving his Bachelor of Arts as the youngest member of its class of 1910",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "His education at Emory consisted primarily of classical courses supplemented by Latin and Greek literature, the latter of which he was influenced by the classicist Charles Peppler; Malone later reflected of Peppler's class, \"If I am something of a classicist in spirit, that course is one of the reasons for it.\" He also took great inspiration from the economist Edgar H",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/28/obituaries/dumas-malone-expert-on-jefferson-is-dead-at-94.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "sentence": "Johnson, the instructor of the college's only history course, whose teaching Malone credited with leaving \"an abiding impression.\"",
60
+ "refs": [
61
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62
+ ]
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+ },
64
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Despite doing well in the university's classics courses, Malone later recalled being \"not a particularly good student,\" owing his youth and immaturity as reasons for having been unprepared in college",
66
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
69
+ "sentence": "He played center for the class football team and was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity, though otherwise graduated from the college relatively undistinguished",
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+ },
76
+ {
77
+ "sentence": "Regardless, he later fondly remembered Emory as a \"modest home of humane learning.\" When the college inducted him into the Phi Beta Kappa honor society in 1930, Malone remarked, \"That was lucky for me",
78
+ "refs": [
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "I am sure they did not pay much attention to my old undergraduate record",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "I was too busy exploring life to do full justice to my studies.\"",
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+ },
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+ {
97
+ "section_title": "Ministry and Yale",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Malone initially sought to study religion and enter the ministry upon graduating",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "sentence": "He spent several years as a teacher in small, local schools; at Andrew College, he lectured on topics including mathematics, history, and the Bible",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Finding a passion for teaching, he briefly taught biblical literature as an adjunct professor at Randolph-Macon Woman's College, where two of his sisters had been educated",
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+ "refs": [
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+ },
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+ {
118
+ "sentence": "After spending a year at Vanderbilt University, Malone enrolled in Yale Divinity School where he excelled academically, obtaining a Fogg scholarship [note 2] for his first semester, and earning a Bachelor of Divinity in 1916",
119
+ "refs": [
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+ },
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+ {
124
+ "sentence": "He had found his time at the university intellectually liberating, acquiring a passion for writing and abandoning his pursuit of theology in order to study history",
125
+ "refs": [
126
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
127
+ ]
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "sentence": "Malone's studies were abruptly interrupted by World War I",
131
+ "refs": [
132
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/image/26890273/",
133
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
134
+ ]
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "sentence": "He left Yale in 1917 to enlist in the U.S",
138
+ "refs": []
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "Marine Corps after temporarily training as part of the Army YMCA at Camp Wheeler, becoming a Second lieutenant after graduating from Parris Island",
142
+ "refs": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "sentence": "However, the war ended before he saw active combat and he was discharged in January 1919",
146
+ "refs": [
147
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
148
+ ]
149
+ },
150
+ {
151
+ "sentence": "Malone subsequently returned to Yale to obtain a doctorate in history, enrolling as a graduate student",
152
+ "refs": [
153
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
154
+ ]
155
+ },
156
+ {
157
+ "sentence": "Later that same year, he was appointed as an instructor of history and began teaching a course in American history for undergraduates",
158
+ "refs": []
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "In 1921, Malone received his master's degree and, in 1923, earned his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in history",
162
+ "refs": []
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "sentence": "His dissertation, The Public Life of Thomas Cooper, was awarded the John Addison Porter Prize; it had been supervised by the historian Allen Johnson, who had also been the one to recommend the topic to him",
166
+ "refs": [
167
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
168
+ ]
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "sentence": "The thesis would later be used as the basis for Malone's first book, also titled The Public Life of Thomas Cooper, published in 1926",
172
+ "refs": [
173
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
174
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
175
+ ]
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "sentence": "Following the completion of his doctorate, Malone was persuaded to join the faculty of the University of Virginia by its president, Edwin Alderman, during an interview at the American Historical Association and did so that same year",
179
+ "refs": [
180
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/image/623624424/?terms=%22Dumas%20Malone%22&match=1"
181
+ ]
182
+ }
183
+ ],
184
+ "subsections": []
185
+ }
186
+ ]
187
+ },
188
+ {
189
+ "section_title": "Career",
190
+ "section_content": [],
191
+ "subsections": [
192
+ {
193
+ "section_title": "Virginia and the DAB",
194
+ "section_content": [
195
+ {
196
+ "sentence": "In the fall of 1923, Malone assumed a position as an associate professor of history at the University of Virginia; his office was located at the top floor of the Alderman Library, where it would remain for some decades",
197
+ "refs": [
198
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/09/archives/dumas-malone-is-completing-last-volume-of-the-biography-dumas.html"
199
+ ]
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "sentence": "The university had been relatively small at the time, and the whole of the history faculty consisted of just Malone and Richard Heath Dabney, the father of Virginius Dabney, upon his arrival",
203
+ "refs": [
204
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
205
+ ]
206
+ },
207
+ {
208
+ "sentence": "Dabney had been encumbered with the entirety of the history curriculum which spanned from ancient to modern",
209
+ "refs": [
210
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
211
+ ]
212
+ },
213
+ {
214
+ "sentence": "Malone undertook the courses in European and American history, giving up the courses in European history upon the arrival of Stringfellow Barr and thereafter introduced new courses in colonial history and more contemporary American history",
215
+ "refs": []
216
+ },
217
+ {
218
+ "sentence": "It was during his time at the University of Virginia that Malone began an interest in the life of Thomas Jefferson, the university's founder",
219
+ "refs": []
220
+ },
221
+ {
222
+ "sentence": "In his first year, he had already authored a 14-page summary of Jefferson's life for the university's Extension Series in March 1924",
223
+ "refs": []
224
+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "[note 3] Despite doubts by Allen Johnson, his former mentor at Yale, and calls for caution by other scholars, Malone resolved to write a voluminous biography on Jefferson by the fall of 1926",
227
+ "refs": [
228
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
229
+ ]
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "sentence": "The next year, he traveled to France with his newly-wed wife, Elizabeth Gifford (1898\u20131992), on a Sterling Traveling Fellowship to do more extensive research which formed the basis of an article entitled \"Polly Jefferson and Her Father\" published in the January 1931 edition of the Virginia Quarterly Review",
233
+ "refs": [
234
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/09/archives/dumas-malone-is-completing-last-volume-of-the-biography-dumas.html",
235
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
236
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
237
+ ]
238
+ },
239
+ {
240
+ "sentence": "Malone's tenure at Virginia suddenly ended when Allen Johnson extended an offer for him to take the co-editorship of the monumental Dictionary of American Biography (DAB) in 1929",
241
+ "refs": [
242
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
243
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
244
+ ]
245
+ },
246
+ {
247
+ "sentence": "He mulled extensively over the choice, consulting friends such as Arthur M",
248
+ "refs": []
249
+ },
250
+ {
251
+ "sentence": "Schlesinger Sr",
252
+ "refs": []
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "sentence": "and President Edwin Alderman as to whether to accept the position",
256
+ "refs": []
257
+ },
258
+ {
259
+ "sentence": "After reluctantly choosing to leave the University of Virginia, Malone moved with his wife to Washington, D.C., to assist Johnson with the dictionary, a choice which he called \"the most painful decision I ever made.\" In January 1931, Johnson was unexpectedly killed in an automobile accident that made headlines in The New York Times and The Washington Post; his death made Malone the editor-in-chief of the DAB, a capacity which Malone continued to serve in until 1936",
260
+ "refs": [
261
+ "https://www.jstor.org/stable/26433693",
262
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
263
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
264
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
265
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/image/26890273/"
266
+ ]
267
+ },
268
+ {
269
+ "sentence": "When the dictionary was finally completed\u2014nearly a decade later\u2014in 1942, it contained twenty volumes with the aid of more than 2,000 fellow biographers under his guidance",
270
+ "refs": [
271
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
272
+ ]
273
+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "sentence": "Malone found the seven years he had spent editing the DAB as being dull and tedious, stating, upon leaving, that he would never edit again",
276
+ "refs": []
277
+ },
278
+ {
279
+ "sentence": "Nevertheless, he remembered the experience as being \"invaluable to me as a writer because of what they taught me about precision and clarity,\" and would eventually return to editing later in his career",
280
+ "refs": []
281
+ },
282
+ {
283
+ "sentence": "Malone's work in writing articles for the dictionary provided the foundation for his future biography on Jefferson and nurtured his interest for biographing",
284
+ "refs": [
285
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
286
+ ]
287
+ }
288
+ ],
289
+ "subsections": []
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "section_title": "Harvard University Press",
293
+ "section_content": [
294
+ {
295
+ "sentence": "At the recommendation of Mark Antony De Wolfe Howe, Malone was suggested as a possible candidate to serve as the third director of the Harvard University Press (HUP)",
296
+ "refs": [
297
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
298
+ ]
299
+ },
300
+ {
301
+ "sentence": "Harvard President James B",
302
+ "refs": []
303
+ },
304
+ {
305
+ "sentence": "Conant, persuaded by the positive appraisals of Malone from those he consulted, extended an offer for him to take the position in December 1935",
306
+ "refs": []
307
+ },
308
+ {
309
+ "sentence": "Malone accepted\u2014provided he be able to finish his time on the DAB\u2014and was formally appointed both as editor-in-chief (director) on December 1, 1937, and as board chairman, following a vote by the Harvard Corporation; he moved with his family to Lincoln, Massachusetts",
310
+ "refs": [
311
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
312
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/28/obituaries/dumas-malone-expert-on-jefferson-is-dead-at-94.html",
313
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
314
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
315
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
316
+ ]
317
+ },
318
+ {
319
+ "sentence": "In January of the following year, Malone described his new vision for the Press at a banquet dinner, advocating for what he called \"scholarship plus\"\u2014the publication of works intended for the general public, as opposed to pieces meant exclusively for scholars",
320
+ "refs": []
321
+ },
322
+ {
323
+ "sentence": "Ordered by Conant to \"start from scratch,\" Malone instituted a number of ambitious changes which were among the most significant reforms in the Press' history: the leadership of the Printing Office was terminated, a new editorial staff was established to manage a more authoritative Press, and the old members of the Harvard Corporation resigned, giving way to the appointment of a number of prominent scholars",
324
+ "refs": [
325
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
326
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
327
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
328
+ ]
329
+ },
330
+ {
331
+ "sentence": "Conant also believed it appropriate for Malone to possess an academic title at the university and offered to name him as a professor of history, though Malone declined the post",
332
+ "refs": []
333
+ },
334
+ {
335
+ "sentence": "Malone viewed the role of the Harvard University Press as primarily an academic institution as opposed to a business",
336
+ "refs": []
337
+ },
338
+ {
339
+ "sentence": "His administration of the Press achieved significant success, garnering wide recognition from the publication of several notable works\u2014including two Pulitzer Prize-winners\u2014and it saw a doubling in sales",
340
+ "refs": [
341
+ "https://www.hup.harvard.edu/about/history.html",
342
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
343
+ ]
344
+ },
345
+ {
346
+ "sentence": "His aspiration of opening up the Press to the general public fueled a reputation for producing important publications",
347
+ "refs": []
348
+ },
349
+ {
350
+ "sentence": "In May 1941, Conant congratulated him, saying, \"The general history of the Press for the past year is certainly one of which you may well be proud [...] Keep it up!\" As the war continued, however, the Press' margins became strained by an increasing sales deficit, and the relationship between Malone and the university administration began to deteriorate over serious financial issues in the midst of World War II",
351
+ "refs": [
352
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
353
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
354
+ ]
355
+ },
356
+ {
357
+ "sentence": "William Henry Claflin Jr., Harvard's treasurer, enacted a series of cost-cutting measures which sought to limit the affairs of the HUP to be subordinate to a \"strict economy;\" in response, Malone appealed to university officials who, in turn, drafted a memorandum reaffirming the HUP's independence",
358
+ "refs": [
359
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
360
+ ]
361
+ },
362
+ {
363
+ "sentence": "With a stagnant audience for academic works and student enrollment waning during the war, Malone recalled his time as director to be \"basically a lame-duck leader.\" Mounting financial and administrative quandaries complicated his wartime directorship and diminished its reputation",
364
+ "refs": [
365
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
366
+ ]
367
+ },
368
+ {
369
+ "sentence": "When news reached Conant of a roughly $26,000 deficit the Press had accumulated during the 1942 fiscal year, his good relationship with it ended promptly",
370
+ "refs": []
371
+ },
372
+ {
373
+ "sentence": "In January 1943, Malone's salary and duties were reduced; in April, a majority of officials doubted his future leadership in a vote of no-confidence",
374
+ "refs": [
375
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
376
+ ]
377
+ },
378
+ {
379
+ "sentence": "Following this rapid decline, Malone presented his letter of resignation on July 17, writing that \"the major criteria by which my work is judged differ materially from those applied to the academic departments of the University.\" The Harvard Corporation accepted his request, and, in April 1943, Malone formally resigned his position as director in order to return to Virginia and begin work on his biography of Jefferson",
380
+ "refs": [
381
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
382
+ ]
383
+ },
384
+ {
385
+ "sentence": "He and his family moved to Charlottesville, Virginia, in the summer of that same year",
386
+ "refs": []
387
+ }
388
+ ],
389
+ "subsections": []
390
+ },
391
+ {
392
+ "section_title": "Return to Virginia",
393
+ "section_content": [
394
+ {
395
+ "sentence": "Having been relieved from his duties at Harvard, Malone dedicated his time to writing the first volume of his Jefferson biography in earnest upon returning to Virginia in 1943",
396
+ "refs": []
397
+ },
398
+ {
399
+ "sentence": "Prior to his resignation as director, his ambition to write the comprehensive biography was secured on June 1, 1938, by means of a signed contract",
400
+ "refs": [
401
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
402
+ ]
403
+ },
404
+ {
405
+ "sentence": "Roger Scaife, the managing editor of Little, Brown and Company, presented the settlement for a multi-volume biography of Thomas Jefferson on March 22, 1938",
406
+ "refs": [
407
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
408
+ ]
409
+ },
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "Malone's personal finances, however, remained burdened after years of amassing debt despite the contract's generous payment and royalties",
412
+ "refs": []
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "sentence": "In early 1944, the historian Douglas Southall Freeman recommended that Malone be supplemented by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation",
416
+ "refs": []
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "sentence": "Since Malone was then unaffiliated with any institution and thus unable to satisfy the requirements for the grant, UVA President John Lloyd Newcomb and the university's librarian, Harry Clemons, arranged for him to be given an honorary position so as to be affiliated with the University of Virginia",
420
+ "refs": [
421
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
422
+ ]
423
+ },
424
+ {
425
+ "sentence": "With the requirements satisfied, the Rockefeller Foundation granted a sum of $21,000 in order to fund the biography in May 1944",
426
+ "refs": [
427
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
428
+ ]
429
+ },
430
+ {
431
+ "sentence": "In the winter of 1943 and 1944, Malone was selected to be the \"chief historian\" of a short-lived secret committee of historians stationed at the Pentagon tasked with advising bombing policy",
432
+ "refs": []
433
+ },
434
+ {
435
+ "sentence": "In 1945, John A",
436
+ "refs": []
437
+ },
438
+ {
439
+ "sentence": "Krout, chairman of the History Department at Columbia University, extended an offer for him to be appointed as a professor of history at the university",
440
+ "refs": []
441
+ },
442
+ {
443
+ "sentence": "Malone was at first reluctant to accept the position as it would disrupt his work on the first volume of his Jefferson biography, but accepted when the Rockefeller Foundation mended the terms of his agreement to fit a part-time teaching post",
444
+ "refs": [
445
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
446
+ ]
447
+ },
448
+ {
449
+ "sentence": "During his time teaching at Columbia, he would develop a friendship with Krout and Allan Nevins",
450
+ "refs": []
451
+ },
452
+ {
453
+ "sentence": "In 1947, Malone finished his first volume, Jefferson the Virginian, and published the work on Jefferson's birthday the next year",
454
+ "refs": []
455
+ },
456
+ {
457
+ "sentence": "The volume achieved acclaim by scholars, and its release was well received by audiences",
458
+ "refs": [
459
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/1944/05/28/archives/rockefeller-grant-aids-jefferson-life-dr-dumas-malone-gets-21000.html"
460
+ ]
461
+ },
462
+ {
463
+ "sentence": "According to one review by historian Merle Curti writing in the Chicago Tribune, \"The narrative, and this is primarily a narrative rather than an interpretive [biography], is lucid and, in places, vivid",
464
+ "refs": [
465
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
466
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
467
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
468
+ ]
469
+ },
470
+ {
471
+ "sentence": "But it is for the most part sober and straightforward",
472
+ "refs": []
473
+ },
474
+ {
475
+ "sentence": "Thus 'Jefferson the Virginian' lacks the flashy, dramatic, picturesque quality which best-sellers in the [biographical] field generally have..",
476
+ "refs": []
477
+ },
478
+ {
479
+ "sentence": "[Although] Professor Malone makes occasional interpretations, he has tried to let the facts he has selected speak for themselves.\" In anticipation of the coming series, historian Thomas D",
480
+ "refs": [
481
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/image/397887920/"
482
+ ]
483
+ },
484
+ {
485
+ "sentence": "Clark wrote in a similar appraisal, \"This first volume is the beginning of a biographical series of major importance which will bring Jefferson to a grateful reading public.\"",
486
+ "refs": [
487
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/image/604935775/"
488
+ ]
489
+ }
490
+ ],
491
+ "subsections": []
492
+ }
493
+ ]
494
+ },
495
+ {
496
+ "section_title": "Legacy and honors",
497
+ "section_content": [
498
+ {
499
+ "sentence": "Malone was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1936",
500
+ "refs": []
501
+ },
502
+ {
503
+ "sentence": "The following year, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters by Dartmouth College and the University of Rochester",
504
+ "refs": [
505
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/image/370535385/"
506
+ ]
507
+ },
508
+ {
509
+ "sentence": "In 1951 and 1958, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship",
510
+ "refs": [
511
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/image/108427671/",
512
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/image/918234532/"
513
+ ]
514
+ },
515
+ {
516
+ "sentence": "In 1972, he was awarded Yale University's Wilbur L",
517
+ "refs": [
518
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319200528/https://www.amacad.org/person/dumas-malone"
519
+ ]
520
+ },
521
+ {
522
+ "sentence": "Cross Medal and the John F",
523
+ "refs": [
524
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230319200210/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1937/6/14/dumas-malone-honored-with-dartmouth-degree/",
525
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/image/135398051/"
526
+ ]
527
+ },
528
+ {
529
+ "sentence": "Kennedy Medal of the Massachusetts Historical Society",
530
+ "refs": []
531
+ },
532
+ {
533
+ "sentence": "In 1975, he was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for History\u2014the oldest person to receive the award at the time",
534
+ "refs": [
535
+ "https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/dumas-malone/"
536
+ ]
537
+ },
538
+ {
539
+ "sentence": "In 1982, he was awarded The Award for Distinguished Service to the Humanities of the Phi Beta Kappa Society",
540
+ "refs": [
541
+ "https://gsas.yale.edu/deans-office/graduate-school-awards-prizes/wilbur-cross-medal/past-medalists-year",
542
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
543
+ ]
544
+ },
545
+ {
546
+ "sentence": "In 1983, President Ronald Reagan awarded Malone the Presidential Medal of Freedom",
547
+ "refs": []
548
+ },
549
+ {
550
+ "sentence": "Malone was a member of the Virginia Historical Society",
551
+ "refs": [
552
+ "https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1986/12/28/dumas-malone-94-biographer-of-jefferson-dies/fc7cecfd-316e-42b5-8a79-6b53855d767c/"
553
+ ]
554
+ },
555
+ {
556
+ "sentence": "The trustees of the Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation established the Dumas Malone Graduate Research Fellowship at the University of Virginia in his honor, allotting funds to support the research of \"outstanding, advanced graduate students.\"",
557
+ "refs": [
558
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/image/26890273/",
559
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
560
+ ]
561
+ },
562
+ {
563
+ "sentence": "When Queen Elizabeth II arrived in Charlottesville, Virginia, as part of her 1976 tour of the United States, Governor Mills Godwin gifted her the first five volumes of Jefferson and His Time\u2014the sixth volume, The Sage of Monticello, had not yet been completed",
564
+ "refs": []
565
+ },
566
+ {
567
+ "sentence": "Malone's volumes concluded that it was impossible for Jefferson to have had a relationship with Sally Hemings",
568
+ "refs": []
569
+ },
570
+ {
571
+ "sentence": "Malone also published a set of lectures, Thomas Jefferson as Political Leader (1963), with the University of California Press.",
572
+ "refs": []
573
+ }
574
+ ],
575
+ "subsections": []
576
+ },
577
+ {
578
+ "section_title": "Personal life and death",
579
+ "section_content": [
580
+ {
581
+ "sentence": "Malone married Elizabeth Gifford in 1925, with whom he would have two children",
582
+ "refs": []
583
+ },
584
+ {
585
+ "sentence": "He died on December 27, 1986, at his home in Charlottesville",
586
+ "refs": [
587
+ "https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/28/obituaries/dumas-malone-expert-on-jefferson-is-dead-at-94.html"
588
+ ]
589
+ },
590
+ {
591
+ "sentence": "According to the University of Virginia, the cause had been a \"brief illness.\" He is buried at the University of Virginia Cemetery and Columbarium.",
592
+ "refs": [
593
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
594
+ "http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1983/22383c.htm"
595
+ ]
596
+ }
597
+ ],
598
+ "subsections": []
599
+ },
600
+ {
601
+ "section_title": "Selected publications",
602
+ "section_content": [],
603
+ "subsections": [
604
+ {
605
+ "section_title": "Jefferson and His Time",
606
+ "section_content": [],
607
+ "subsections": []
608
+ }
609
+ ]
610
+ },
611
+ {
612
+ "section_title": "Footnotes",
613
+ "section_content": [],
614
+ "subsections": []
615
+ },
616
+ {
617
+ "section_title": "References",
618
+ "section_content": [],
619
+ "subsections": [
620
+ {
621
+ "section_title": "Scholarly sources",
622
+ "section_content": [],
623
+ "subsections": [
624
+ {
625
+ "section_title": "Books",
626
+ "section_content": [],
627
+ "subsections": []
628
+ },
629
+ {
630
+ "section_title": "Journals",
631
+ "section_content": [],
632
+ "subsections": []
633
+ }
634
+ ]
635
+ }
636
+ ]
637
+ },
638
+ {
639
+ "section_title": "Further reading",
640
+ "section_content": [],
641
+ "subsections": []
642
+ },
643
+ {
644
+ "section_title": "External links",
645
+ "section_content": [],
646
+ "subsections": []
647
+ }
648
+ ],
649
+ "references": {
650
+ "9": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
651
+ "22": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "37": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
653
+ "1": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
654
+ "2": "https://www.newspapers.com/image/34208117/",
655
+ "3": "https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dumas-Malone",
656
+ "4": "https://www.jstor.org/stable/24392916",
657
+ "5": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
658
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1
+ {
2
+ "title": "E.A.T._(TV_program)",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.A.T._(TV_program)",
4
+ "summary": "E.A.T. (stylized as E A T...) is a Philippine noontime variety show broadcast by TV5 that premiered on July 1, 2023. It also airs on BuKo Channel. The show serves as a spiritual successor to the longest-running noontime variety program, Eat Bulaga!. Currently hosted by Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto, and Joey de Leon alongside Allan K., Jose Manalo, Wally Bayola, Paolo Ballesteros, Ryan Agoncillo, Ryzza Mae Dizon, Maine Mendoza, Carren Eistrup, Miles Ocampo, and Atasha Muhlach collectively known as Legit Dabarkads, most of them were part of the original cast of Eat Bulaga! prior to their departure from TAPE Inc. due to a dispute.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Background",
8
+ "section_content": [],
9
+ "subsections": [
10
+ {
11
+ "section_title": "\"TVJ\"\u2013TAPE Inc. dispute",
12
+ "section_content": [
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "The new management of Television and Production Exponents Inc",
15
+ "refs": []
16
+ },
17
+ {
18
+ "sentence": "(TAPE Inc.) forbade Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto, and Joey de Leon, collectively known as TVJ, and other co-hosts from doing a live show on May 31, 2023",
19
+ "refs": []
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "Instead, GMA Network aired a rerun of their show's past episodes",
23
+ "refs": []
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "sentence": "The incident signalled the end of the legendary trio's more than four-decade run as Eat Bulaga! longtime hosts, following their officially announced departure from Jalosjos-owned TAPE",
27
+ "refs": []
28
+ },
29
+ {
30
+ "sentence": "Eat Bulaga! co-hosts Allan K., Wally Bayola, Jose Manalo, Ryan Agoncillo, Maine Mendoza, Paolo Ballesteros, and Ryzza Mae Dizon also decided to leave TAPE on the same day along with production staff members (cameramen, writers, and sales)",
31
+ "refs": []
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "sentence": "Pauleen Luna, Vic Sotto's spouse, shared a copy of their resignation on social media",
35
+ "refs": []
36
+ },
37
+ {
38
+ "sentence": "The announcement coincided with reports of internal conflict between TVJ and TAPE's new management over a number of matters, including Tuviera's forced retirement as top executive, the rebranding of Eat Bulaga, the replacement of longtime mainstay hosts and top-rated segments, and the salary reduction of the entire production",
39
+ "refs": []
40
+ },
41
+ {
42
+ "sentence": "Romeo \"Jon-jon\" Jalosjos Jr., former representative of the 1st district of Zamboanga del Norte, took over as TAPE's CEO and President following the retirement of Antonio \"Tony\" Tuviera alongside his sister Soraya Jalosjos, who serves as the Vice President of Administration, while the company's Chief Financial Officer (CFO) is their half-brother, Seth Frederick \"Bullet\" Jalosjos, who is the current mayor of Dapitan City",
43
+ "refs": [
44
+ "https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/showbiz/chikaminute/871771/maine-mendoza-paollo-ballesteros-ryan-agoncillo-other-eat-bulaga-hosts-resign-from-tape-inc/story/",
45
+ "https://philstarlife.com/geeky/364211-eat-bulaga-parts-ways-with-producer-tape-inc"
46
+ ]
47
+ },
48
+ {
49
+ "sentence": "On June 8, 2023, another Eat Bulaga! host, Carren Eistrup, also confirmed her departure from TAPE",
50
+ "refs": []
51
+ }
52
+ ],
53
+ "subsections": [
54
+ {
55
+ "section_title": "Trademark cancellation case",
56
+ "section_content": [
57
+ {
58
+ "sentence": "On June 2, 2023, the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL) disclosed that its Bureau of Legal Affairs (BLA) received a petition from the iconic trio Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto and Joey De Leon to cancel the trademark of TAPE Inc., one of the grounds is that the registration sought to be canceled was obtained fraudulently",
59
+ "refs": []
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "sentence": "Under the BLA protocol, IPOPHL issued a Notice to Answer to TAPE Inc",
63
+ "refs": []
64
+ },
65
+ {
66
+ "sentence": "on June 6, 2023 where TAPE has 30 days to respond to said petition",
67
+ "refs": []
68
+ },
69
+ {
70
+ "sentence": "On August 21, 2023, IPOPHL clarified that the renewal of the Eat Bulaga! trademark registration is separate from the pending trademark cancellation case, amid ongoing legal disputes for its use",
71
+ "refs": []
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "sentence": "IPOPHL released the statement in response to questions regarding the renewal of TAPE Inc.'s Eat Bulaga! trademark, which was approved on June 14, 2023",
75
+ "refs": []
76
+ }
77
+ ],
78
+ "subsections": []
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "section_title": "Copyright infringement case",
82
+ "section_content": [
83
+ {
84
+ "sentence": "Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto, and Joey de Leon along with former TAPE Inc",
85
+ "refs": []
86
+ },
87
+ {
88
+ "sentence": "creative director Jeny Ferre, asked the Marikina Regional Trial Court to prevent TAPE Inc",
89
+ "refs": []
90
+ },
91
+ {
92
+ "sentence": "and GMA Network from using the Eat Bulaga! name, logo and other devices, claiming it is copyright infringement and unfair competition",
93
+ "refs": []
94
+ },
95
+ {
96
+ "sentence": "A complaint for violation of the Intellectual Property Code was filed by plaintiffs before the Marikina Regional Trial Court Branch 273, seeking a writ of injunction against TAPE and GMA, which were both named as defendants",
97
+ "refs": []
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "sentence": "The case was filed June 30, 2023 but was only made available publicly when the parties received a copy of the complaint on July 12, 2023",
101
+ "refs": []
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "sentence": "TVJ and Ferre maintain their position that they are the copyright owners and are the creative force behind Eat Bulaga!, its elements and derivative works (such as jingle, music, various logo designs and individual segments) including audiovisual recordings",
105
+ "refs": []
106
+ },
107
+ {
108
+ "sentence": "As for unfair competition, TAPE and GMA continued to broadcast replays of Eat Bulaga! past episodes from June 1 until June 3, 2023, without permission from TVJ and intended to reinforce the false and misleading belief that the two parties are still connected",
109
+ "refs": []
110
+ }
111
+ ],
112
+ "subsections": []
113
+ }
114
+ ]
115
+ },
116
+ {
117
+ "section_title": "\"TVJ\"\u2014TV5 partnership",
118
+ "section_content": [
119
+ {
120
+ "sentence": "On June 7, 2023, TVJ announced a new noontime program partnership with TV5 Network, which was confirmed by MediaQuest Holdings, Inc., TV5's parent company",
121
+ "refs": []
122
+ },
123
+ {
124
+ "sentence": "On June 20, MediaQuest Holdings acquired 51% equity in TVJ Productions, Inc., a production company set up by Tito, Vic and Joey, solidifying their partnership to produce media content for the various MediaQuest's distribution channels and platforms",
125
+ "refs": [
126
+ "https://malaya.com.ph/news_entertainment/sotto-tvj-is-eat-bulaga-eat-bulaga-is-tvj/?amp",
127
+ "https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2023/06/19/2275044/legeat-legit-dabarkads-tvj-announce-new-tv5-show-details-presscon"
128
+ ]
129
+ },
130
+ {
131
+ "sentence": "MediaQuest chairman, Manny V",
132
+ "refs": [
133
+ "https://mb.com.ph/2023/6/7/tito-sotto-vic-sotto-and-joey-de-leon-find-new-home-1"
134
+ ]
135
+ },
136
+ {
137
+ "sentence": "Pangilinan, announced an investment agreement with TVJ, expressing anticipation for a productive and long-term partnership",
138
+ "refs": []
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "After the collaboration, TV5 has announced its new noontime program will air in the current timeslot of ABS-CBN Entertainment's It's Showtime",
142
+ "refs": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "sentence": "TV5 offered the 4:30\u00a0pm time slot to ABS-CBN Entertainment for It's Showtime which the latter respectfully declined",
146
+ "refs": []
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "sentence": "ABS-CBN and TV5 separately announced that It's Showtime would end its simulcast on TV5 by June 30, the last day of their blocktime agreement to broadcast the program, and move to GTV the next day",
150
+ "refs": []
151
+ }
152
+ ],
153
+ "subsections": []
154
+ },
155
+ {
156
+ "section_title": "E.A.T. (2023\u2013present)",
157
+ "section_content": [
158
+ {
159
+ "sentence": "The show officially premiered on July 1, 2023, under the title E.A.T., amidst a dispute over the ownership rights of Eat Bulaga! trademark between TVJ and TAPE, as it marks the highly anticipated television screen return for the renowned trio Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto, and Joey de Leon alongside Allan K., Jose Manalo, Wally Bayola, Paolo Ballesteros, Ryan Agoncillo, Maine Mendoza, Ryzza Mae Dizon, and Carren Eistrup",
160
+ "refs": []
161
+ },
162
+ {
163
+ "sentence": "It airs on TV5 from Mondays to Fridays at 12:00\u00a0pm to 2:30\u00a0pm and Saturdays at 11:30\u00a0am to 2:30\u00a0pm, with simultaneous live streaming on social media platforms",
164
+ "refs": []
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "sentence": "It also has a delayed telecast on the BuKo Channel on Mondays at 4:00\u00a0pm to 7:00\u00a0pm and Tuesdays to Saturdays at 4:00\u00a0pm to 6:30\u00a0pm",
168
+ "refs": []
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "sentence": "TVJ adapted Eat Bulaga's original theme song with minor alterations, particularly the omitted phrase \"Eat Bulaga\", which was then replaced with \"E.A.T.\" to avoid possible trademark issues with TAPE",
172
+ "refs": []
173
+ },
174
+ {
175
+ "sentence": "The show's official title, E.A.T., was then revealed by TVJ at the end of its premiere episode",
176
+ "refs": []
177
+ },
178
+ {
179
+ "sentence": "\"E.A.T.\" apparently stands for several meanings, including \"Eto Ang Tunay,\" \"Eto Ang True,\" \"Eto Ang Title\" and \"Everyday, Always Together!\" which appeared to be temporary as the trio themselves said that they would continue legal efforts to reclaim the title, \"Eat...Bulaga!\" coined by de Leon, which has been associated with TVJ for over four decades",
180
+ "refs": []
181
+ },
182
+ {
183
+ "sentence": "In the same month, former Eat Bulaga! hosts Miles Ocampo and Ice Seguerra joined the show alongside Nigerian content creator Tugue Zombie, who previously appeared in the \"Babala! Wag Kayong Ganuun\" segment",
184
+ "refs": [
185
+ "https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/07/02/2278108/tvj-back-air-noontime-variety-show-wars",
186
+ "https://www.pinoynetizens.com/2023/07/miles-ocampo-pumirma-na-sa-tvj.html"
187
+ ]
188
+ },
189
+ {
190
+ "sentence": "The noontime show celebrated Maine Mendoza's bridal shower on July 22, and National Dabarkads Day on July 29, marking the 44th anniversary of Eat Bulaga!original hosts Tito Sotto, Vic Sotto, and Joey de Leon",
191
+ "refs": [
192
+ "https://pinoytrend.net/2023/07/17/contestant-lang-noon-host-na-ngayon-netizens-praises-tvjs-decision-to-make-tugue-zombie-as-e-a-t-host/",
193
+ "https://philstarlife.com/celebrity/768206-maine-mendoza-bridal-shower-legit-dabarkads-eat"
194
+ ]
195
+ },
196
+ {
197
+ "sentence": "Atasha Muhlach, daughter of Aga Muhlach and Charlene Gonzales, was unveiled as the newest member of the show on September 23, where she immediately showed off her dancing skills in the \"Gimme 5: Laro ng mga Henyo\" segment",
198
+ "refs": []
199
+ },
200
+ {
201
+ "sentence": "On October 14, former long-time Eat Bulaga! host Jimmy Santos reunited with the Legit Dabarkads when he surprised Joey de Leon on his birthday with his cameo role in the \"Gimme 5: Laro ng mga Henyo\" segment",
202
+ "refs": []
203
+ }
204
+ ],
205
+ "subsections": []
206
+ }
207
+ ]
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "section_title": "Hosts",
211
+ "section_content": [],
212
+ "subsections": [
213
+ {
214
+ "section_title": "Current hosts",
215
+ "section_content": [],
216
+ "subsections": [
217
+ {
218
+ "section_title": "Former hosts",
219
+ "section_content": [],
220
+ "subsections": []
221
+ },
222
+ {
223
+ "section_title": "Featuring",
224
+ "section_content": [],
225
+ "subsections": []
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "section_title": "Guest Co-hosts",
229
+ "section_content": [],
230
+ "subsections": []
231
+ }
232
+ ]
233
+ }
234
+ ]
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "section_title": "Segments",
238
+ "section_content": [
239
+ {
240
+ "sentence": "The noontime show's premiere episode featured dance performances that teased various segments, some of which were adaptations from previous Eat Bulaga! segments.",
241
+ "refs": [
242
+ "https://www.pep.ph/pepalerts/cabinet-files/174542/mj-lastimosa-eat-a734-20230716"
243
+ ]
244
+ }
245
+ ],
246
+ "subsections": [
247
+ {
248
+ "section_title": "Da Bar: Dabarkads Eatery (2023)",
249
+ "section_content": [
250
+ {
251
+ "sentence": "\"Da Bar: Dabarkads Eatery\" is a segment that features Ryzza Mae Dizon's character Miss Tapsi, who runs an eatery that gives a special musical presentation with a live band where the main hosts, together known as Legit Dabarkads, especially Carren Eistrup and celebrity guests participate in live performances, funny skits, and joke sessions",
252
+ "refs": []
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "sentence": "Inspired from the EB segments Da Kads Bar, Bulagaan, Eat Star Cafe and Carren Sings",
256
+ "refs": []
257
+ },
258
+ {
259
+ "sentence": "Miss Tapsi introduced two special sub-segments sponsored by Knorr Philippines, \"Knorr Asim-Kilig Face\" involves studio audiences making an Asim-Kilig face gesture; one winner will be randomly chosen to receive 5,000 cash, while \"Knorr Sinigang Ulam of the Week Challenge\" involves randomly choosing one of five Sinigang dishes as the \"Ulam of the Week\", participants must post a picture and recipe on TVJ's Facebook page for a chance to win 5,000 cash each week.",
260
+ "refs": []
261
+ }
262
+ ],
263
+ "subsections": []
264
+ },
265
+ {
266
+ "section_title": "Password Please! (2023)",
267
+ "section_content": [
268
+ {
269
+ "sentence": "\"Password Please!\" is a segment that gives home viewers a chance to win big prizes by dialing a cellphone number flashed on the screen, based on EB segment, Bida First: Isang Tawag Ka Lang!",
270
+ "refs": []
271
+ },
272
+ {
273
+ "sentence": "\"44K: 44 Kabuhayan for EveryJuan\" is a special sub-segment sponsored by Puregold, as part of the National Dabarkads Day, 44th Anniversary celebration",
274
+ "refs": []
275
+ },
276
+ {
277
+ "sentence": "44 winning contestants will win a \"Tindahan ni Aling Puring Showcase\" from Puregold",
278
+ "refs": []
279
+ }
280
+ ],
281
+ "subsections": []
282
+ },
283
+ {
284
+ "section_title": "Sugod Bahay, Mga Kapatid! (2023)",
285
+ "section_content": [
286
+ {
287
+ "sentence": "\"Sugod Bahay, Mga Kapatid!\" is a public service segment hosted by Jose Manalo, Wally Bayola and Miles Ocampo",
288
+ "refs": []
289
+ },
290
+ {
291
+ "sentence": "While Paolo Ballesteros, Ryan Agoncillo and Maine Mendoza serve as substitute hosts",
292
+ "refs": []
293
+ },
294
+ {
295
+ "sentence": "The segment's concept is derived from the popular EB segment Juan for All, All for Juan: Sugod-Bahay sa Barangay, where hosts provide assistance and prizes to locals",
296
+ "refs": []
297
+ },
298
+ {
299
+ "sentence": "The segment was introduced on July 8, 2023",
300
+ "refs": []
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "sentence": "Studio hosts Tito Sotto and Joey de Leon encouraged Manalo to run for mayor, which led to the creation of the character Mayor Jose Manalo for the segment's opening skit",
304
+ "refs": []
305
+ },
306
+ {
307
+ "sentence": "Followed by the launch of their subsegment called Palaro ni Mayor: Jose Manalo!, inspired from the Wowowee's original segment, Hep Hep Hooray",
308
+ "refs": []
309
+ },
310
+ {
311
+ "sentence": "It also introduced a subsegment which serves as the comedic version of Mr",
312
+ "refs": []
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "sentence": "Cutie: Boys Got Talent named Mr",
316
+ "refs": []
317
+ },
318
+ {
319
+ "sentence": "Cutiecles which they also serve as the players of the Palaro ni Mayor, derived from the original EB segment Feeling Pogi.",
320
+ "refs": []
321
+ }
322
+ ],
323
+ "subsections": []
324
+ },
325
+ {
326
+ "section_title": "Picture Mo Is The Key (2023)",
327
+ "section_content": [
328
+ {
329
+ "sentence": "\"Picture Mo Is The Key\" is a segment intended for viewers at home to have a chance to win prizes",
330
+ "refs": []
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "sentence": "Participants must take a picture of themselves and a fan-sign with their complete personal information, then send it to TVJ's official Facebook page",
334
+ "refs": []
335
+ }
336
+ ],
337
+ "subsections": []
338
+ },
339
+ {
340
+ "section_title": "Gimme 5: Laro ng mga Henyo (2023)",
341
+ "section_content": [
342
+ {
343
+ "sentence": "\"Gimme 5: Laro ng mga Henyo\" is a game segment that challenges the knowledge and logical thinking of each pair of contestants, who are tested under time pressure",
344
+ "refs": []
345
+ },
346
+ {
347
+ "sentence": "The segment started on July 21, 2023, with a combined concept from the American game show, Family Feud and EB's popular segment, Pinoy Henyo",
348
+ "refs": []
349
+ },
350
+ {
351
+ "sentence": "The segment features an Artificial Intelligence (AI) character from Hollywood named Ellen (Allan K",
352
+ "refs": []
353
+ },
354
+ {
355
+ "sentence": "/ Maine Mendoza resemblance), who serves as co-host, constantly reminding the contestants about the mechanics of each round with her AI family members Papa Ethan Allen (Allan K",
356
+ "refs": []
357
+ },
358
+ {
359
+ "sentence": "resemblance), Mommy Jowzee (Jose Manalo resemblance), Lola Belen (Wally Bayola resemblance), Lolo Ethan Allan (Allan K",
360
+ "refs": []
361
+ },
362
+ {
363
+ "sentence": "/ Tito Sotto resemblance), Nanny Nina (Paolo Ballesteros resemblance), her AI boyfriend Brad (Paolo Ballesteros resemblance) and his friends Tim (Tito Sotto resemblance), Vin (Vic Sotto resemblance) and Joe (Joey de Leon resemblance)",
364
+ "refs": []
365
+ },
366
+ {
367
+ "sentence": "Atasha Muhlach was introduced as Ellen's sister in the segment",
368
+ "refs": []
369
+ },
370
+ {
371
+ "sentence": "And aside from being herself, she portrayed also their other sister named Len Len",
372
+ "refs": []
373
+ },
374
+ {
375
+ "sentence": "Wally Bayola was initially introduced as Lola Belen, inspired from his role as \"Lola Nidora\" in Kalyeserye, and later as Papa Ethan Allen, with Jimmy Santos as his personal driver",
376
+ "refs": [
377
+ "https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2023/07/29/2284722/happy-national-dabarkads-daytvj-dabarkads-celebrate-44-years",
378
+ "https://www.pep.ph/pepalerts/pep-troika/176070/atasha-muhlach-legit-dabarkads-eat-a4118-20230923"
379
+ ]
380
+ },
381
+ {
382
+ "sentence": "Jose Manalo was introduced as Mommy Jowzee",
383
+ "refs": [
384
+ "https://pinoytrend.net/2023/10/08/kalyeserye-2-0-e-a-t-host-atasha-mulach-meets-lola-belen/"
385
+ ]
386
+ },
387
+ {
388
+ "sentence": "Allan K",
389
+ "refs": []
390
+ },
391
+ {
392
+ "sentence": "and Paolo Ballesteros were revealed as Lolo Ethan Allan and Nanny Nina/Brad while Maine Mendoza unexpectedly portrayed Ellen",
393
+ "refs": []
394
+ },
395
+ {
396
+ "sentence": "Ryzza Mae Dizon also joined as Ellen and Tash's cousin named Samantha.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Mr. Cutie: Boys Got Talent (2023)",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "\"Mr",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Cutie: Boys Got Talent\" is a talent search for handsome, confident, and talented young men based on EB's original segment, Mr",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Pogi, which aims to discover the next heartthrob sensation",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The segment premiered on October 4, 2023",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "PERAPhY (2023)",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "\"PERAPhY\" is a game portion that challenges the studio player's thinking strategy",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The segment started on October 20, 2023",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It involves oversized playing cards faced with fruits that consists of 13 cards per fruit (banana, mango, pineapple, and watermelon) numbered 1-13",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The goal is to complete a row of cards by correctly guessing whether the next one is Higher (Pataas) or Lower (Pababa) in value, with the initial prize potentially being doubled or cut in half in the final round",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It also features the \"TVJ Singing Queens\" (Eunice Janine, Anne Ferrer, Jean Drillon, Sammy Rascal, and Khayzy Bueno), also known as the \"Sing-Eat Girls\", who handles the playing cards",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The segment shares similarities with EB's segment Hi-Lo Todo Panalo and is based on the American television game show, Card Sharks.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "section_title": "Former segments",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
460
+ "section_title": "Vortas 5 (2023)",
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+ "section_content": [
462
+ {
463
+ "sentence": "\"Vortas 5\" is a dance competition open to all men regardless of gender, who have good looks and super fit physique but have the flexibility to dance on stage, based on EB's original segment, Macho Man",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The segment's title is inspired from the Japanese anime television series Voltes V",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "\"Vortas\" comes from the Tagalog slang word \"borta\", meaning muscular, while \"5\" refers to the television network \"TV5\"",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The segment commenced on July 3, 2023",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Jero Bagaporo, from Gasan, Marinduque, emerged as the grand winner on August 5, 2023 after a three-week competition",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The daily segment was replaced by \"Gimme 5: Laro ng mga Henyo\"",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Sing Eat... (2023)",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
493
+ "sentence": "\"Sing Eat...\" is a revival of EB's original singing talent search, Sing-Eat, which was launched in 2002, seeking a qualified female singer, duo, or group to perform regularly at \"Da Bar: Dabarkads Eatery\"",
494
+ "refs": []
495
+ },
496
+ {
497
+ "sentence": "The first noontime singing competition that aims to showcase both beauty and voice",
498
+ "refs": []
499
+ },
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+ {
501
+ "sentence": "Eunice Janine, a contestant from Ireland, won the competition",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The segment premiered on July 10, 2023, and concluded on September 30, 2023",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "After the competition, the noontime show established a female group called \"Sing-Eat Girls\", later known as the \"TVJ Singing Queens\", composed of Eunice Janine, Anne Ferrer, Jean Drilon, Sammy Rascal, and Khayzy Bueno.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Babala! 'Wag Kayong Ganuuun... (2023)",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "\"Babala! 'Wag Kayong Ganuuun...\" is a segment in which a pair of contestants must carefully evaluate and determine their correct choice among a group of people with unique characteristics, past experiences and extraordinary achievements",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The segment raises awareness and fosters empathy, drawing inspiration from the EB segment, Bawal Judgmental",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The segment, which began on July 3, 2023, and ended on October 18, 2023, was halted due to a lack of airtime.",
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+ "section_title": "Controversies",
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Bayola's profanity incident",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On August 10, 2023, Wally Bayola and Jose Manalo were doing a\u00a0skit during the \"Sugod Bahay, Mga Kapatid!\" segment when their scene was temporarily interrupted by a conversation between Manalo and studio hosts Vic Sotto, Joey de Leon, and Tito Sotto",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "However, Bayola accidentally uttered the Tagalog expletive \"putang ina\" off-screen, which caught everyone's attention",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "sentence": "A day later, on August 11, 2023, Bayola expressed regret, sincerely apologized for the incident, and admitted that he had made a mistake",
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+ "sentence": "On the same day, the\u00a0Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (MTRCB) issued a \"Notice to Appear and Testify\" to the noontime show's production group regarding a hearing on August 14, 2023, at the MTRCB office in\u00a0Quezon City over Bayola's utterance of profanity",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://entertainment.inquirer.net/513725/e-a-t-summoned-by-mtrcb-over-host-wally-bayolas-profane-words"
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+ "section_title": "De Leon's self-harm comments",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On September 23, 2023, Joey de Leon elicited controversy for jokingly suggesting a noose as one of the most commonly worn objects around the neck during the \"Gimme 5: Laro ng mga Henyo\" segment, which was widely interpreted as a reference to suicide by hanging",
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+ "sentence": "This prompted backlash from audiences and mental health advocates who criticised the joke as callous and insensitive, calling on MTRCB chairperson Diorella Maria Sotto-Antonio, daughter of Tito Sotto, to investigate the incident, especially in light of their recent suspension of rival noontime program It's Showtime over numerous violations, including an alleged obscene act involving Vice Ganda and Ion Perez",
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+ "refs": [
573
+ "https://entertainment.inquirer.net/513710/wally-bayola-sorry-after-cursing-on-e-a-t-nagkamali-po-ako",
574
+ "https://mb.com.ph/2023/9/24/netizens-call-out-e-a-t-host-joey-de-leon-for-insensitive-joke-ask-lala-sotto-to-look-into-the-matter"
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+ "sentence": "De Leon was also criticised for not learning from a previous incident in 2017 where he falsely dismissed depression as a \"made-up illness,\" to which he eventually apologized soon after",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://entertainment.inquirer.net/520114/joey-de-leon-slammed-for-lubid-joke-on-eat-segment-mtrcb-sought"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "In a formal letter addressed to the MTRCB dated September 25, creative director Jeny Ferre explained that de Leon conveyed the incident verbally in a very brief manner without further actions, elaborations, or demonstrations, but their management acknowledged those sentiments that it insinuated suicide, and they were regretful and apologetic to those offended by de Leon's utterance",
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+ "section_title": "Ratings",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "According to AGB Nielsen Philippines NUTAM overnight data, the pilot episode of E.A.T on TV5 earned an 8.4% rating beating other rival noontime shows, based on 8.2 million audience reach",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "section_title": "Notes",
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+ "mr. cutie: boys got talent"
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+ ]
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+ }
json/Edwards_Vacuum.json ADDED
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+ {
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+ "title": "Edwards_Vacuum",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwards_Vacuum",
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+ "summary": "Edwards Ltd is a British multinational vacuum pump and exhaust gas management systems manufacturer. Its headquarters are in Burgess Hill, UK, and has been part of the Atlas Copco Group since 2014. Edwards holds 1,700 patents, including for dry (oil-free) vacuum pumps, and produces equipment used for manufacturing semiconductors, scientific research, freeze drying and other industries. Its pumps remove contaminants at CERN's Large Hadron Collider. Manufacturing is predominantly handled by subsidiary businesses in the Czech Republic, South Korea, USA and China. Edwards' global research and development facilities remain in the UK.Major customers in 2012 included Samsung, Hynix, Agilent and LG.",
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+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "History",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Independent (1919-1967)",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 1919, physicist and university lecturer Frederick David Edwards and his father William founded their eponymous business in Camberwell, London, as Edwards Equipment and Services",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "They sold vacuum pumps to research laboratories from the UK, France, Germany and the USA",
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+ "sentence": "When World War II began, German patents were voided in the UK, which meant Edwards was cut off from their suppliers",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "This led the company to begin manufacturing its own products in 1939",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The firm was rebranded W Edwards and Co in 1940, then Edwards High Vacuum International Ltd in 1950, and moved from London to Crawley in 1953",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Edwards purchased Italian freeze-drying equipment manufacturer Alto Vuoto SpA in 1954, followed by the Shoreham factory of former subcontractor J H Holmes and Son Ltd in 1958",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In the 1960s the firm listed as a public company and suffered from strike actions",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/people/cp31571/edwards-high-vacuum-international",
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+ "https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Edwards_High_Vacuum"
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+ ]
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Its founder FD Edwards died, and after financial difficulties, the company was sold to BOC",
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+ "refs": []
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "BOC (1968-2006)",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "BOC Group's purchase of Edwards in 1968 was followed by international expansion, particularly into Asia, and investment at the Crawley, Eastbourne, Shoreham and Burgess Hill sites",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 1984, Edwards developed and patented the first practical high vacuum dry (no-oil) pump",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The design was taken up by the fast-growing semiconductor manufacturing market",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 1992, Edwards purchased Electrotech Ltd's semiconductor manufacturing exhaust gas management systems",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZBYS56kTP7f2ns9Uu5rdXjCjj0D0OlaC/view?usp=drivesdk"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It was based in Nailsea before moving to Clevedon, UK to add to Edwards' semiconductor manufacturing environmental abatement technology",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Four years later in 1996, new facilities in Burgess Hill are inaugurated",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Edwards_High_Vacuum"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 1997, BOC merged its electronics gases business with Edwards as BOC Edwards",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In the same year, the company purchased Systems Chemistry Inc, a supplier of management systems for ultrapure chemicals used in semiconductor manufacturing, from Submicron Systems Corp of Allentown (USA)",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It became Edwards' chemical management division",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Allentown, USA",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It became Edwards' chemical management division",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
102
+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 1999, Edwards acquired the Minneapolis-based division of FSI International Inc, for US$38 million",
104
+ "refs": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "sentence": "This was followed by the purchase of the Hick Hargreaves vacuum ejector and deaerator units; Wilhelm Klein GmbH; Stokes piston pump operations, and Hibon Inc for \u00a312.8 million from Smiths Group",
108
+ "refs": [
109
+ "https://www.edn.com/deals-bloom-in-capital-equipment/"
110
+ ]
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "sentence": "In 2002, they purchased Seiko Industry's turbomolecular pump manufacturing business for \u00a370 million",
114
+ "refs": [
115
+ "https://zna3-group-prd-sitecorecontent-webapp01.azurewebsites.net/investors/regulatory-news/regulatory-news-item/?reqid=1146898"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Edwards then sold The Hibon, Hicks Hargreaves and Wilhelm Klein low pressure compressor businesses were sold on to Ingersoll Rand in 2006",
120
+ "refs": []
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+ }
122
+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "section_title": "Linde and CCMP Capital (2006-2014)",
127
+ "section_content": [
128
+ {
129
+ "sentence": "Linde AG purchased BOC in 2006 for \u20ac12.4 billion, selling Edwards to CCMP Capital and its Asian fund in 2007 for US$901 million",
130
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
133
+ "sentence": "Edwards was renamed Edwards Group Ltd, and then Edwards Group plc",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
137
+ "sentence": "A new, Cayman Island-based holding company called Edwards Group Ltd was listed on NASDAQ in 2012 via ADS under the ticker symbol EVAC, with a US$100 million IPO",
138
+ "refs": []
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "It was delisted in 2014 when Atlas Copco purchased the operating subsidiary Edwards Ltd for \u00a31 billion",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
145
+ "sentence": "Manufacturing sites were opened in 2011 in the Czech Republic for the industrial, pharmaceutical, chemical, and scientific markets while manufacturing sites for the semiconductor market were opened in South Korea",
146
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Most of Edwards' UK manufacturing capacity was moved, with abatement systems remaining in Clevedon, completing plans proposed under BOC in 2005",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
153
+ "sentence": "Edwards was awarded its seventh Queen's Award in 2012, and acquired USA-based Gamma Vacuum in 2013, maintaining the brand until this day",
154
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
157
+ "sentence": "Gamma Vacuum specialises in ion and titanium sublimation pumps, with customers mainly in the scientific industry",
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+ "refs": [
159
+ "https://mobile.stevieawards.com/edwards-group-shows-why-working-vacuum-can-pay"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Atlas Copco (2014-present)",
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+ "section_content": [
168
+ {
169
+ "sentence": "The Atlas Copco Group, a Swedish multinational industrial company, acquires Edwards Vacuum",
170
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
173
+ "sentence": "Edwards purchased Brooks Automation's CTI-Cryogenics and Polycold branded cryopump operations based in Chelmsford and Monterrey for US$675 million in 2018",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
177
+ "sentence": "In 2019, Edwards marked its 100th anniversary",
178
+ "refs": [
179
+ "http://www.semiconductor-today.com/news_items/2018/sep/edwards_030918.shtml",
180
+ "https://cms.law/en/deu/news-information/cms-advises-atlas-copco-on-acquisition-of-cryogenic-business-of-brooks-automation"
181
+ ]
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "sentence": "Its new North America Semiconductor Technology Centre in Hillsboro opened in the same year",
185
+ "refs": [
186
+ "https://www.gasworld.com/story/edwards-vacuum-celebrates-100-years/"
187
+ ]
188
+ },
189
+ {
190
+ "sentence": "Edwards joined MIT.nano as a founding member, following its completion in 2018",
191
+ "refs": [
192
+ "https://www.gasworld.com/story/edwards-vacuum-breaks-ground-on-new-high-technology-innovation-centre-in-oregan/"
193
+ ]
194
+ },
195
+ {
196
+ "sentence": "MIT.nano is a 214,000-square-foot laboratory dedicated to the characterisation and fabrication of nanoscale materials, structures, devices, and processes",
197
+ "refs": []
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+ },
199
+ {
200
+ "sentence": "In 2020, the company opened a new Service Technology Centre in Dublin",
201
+ "refs": [
202
+ "https://news.mit.edu/2019/mit-nano-announces-corporate-consortium-founding-members-0708"
203
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 2022, Edwards invested in a new facility to manufacture products for the semiconductor industry in Arizona, USA",
207
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "During the same yeat, Edwards acquired Ceres Technologies, Inc.",
211
+ "refs": []
212
+ },
213
+ {
214
+ "sentence": "Ceres is a US-based manufacturer and designer of gas and vapour delivery equipment for the semiconductor industry",
215
+ "refs": []
216
+ },
217
+ {
218
+ "sentence": "It also purchased HHV Pumps Pvt Ltd, a designer and manufacturer of vacuum pumps located in Bengalaru, India, for \u00a310.9 million",
219
+ "refs": [
220
+ "https://www.dailyfreeman.com/2022/07/19/saugerties-based-ceres-technologies-acquired-by-multinational-industrial-company/"
221
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Atlas Copco also agreed to purchase the assets of Chinese, liquid ring vacuum pump manufacturer Shandong Jinggong Pump Co Ltd, to join the Edwards vacuum pump business",
225
+ "refs": []
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+ }
227
+ ],
228
+ "subsections": []
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+ }
230
+ ]
231
+ },
232
+ {
233
+ "section_title": "Products and markets",
234
+ "section_content": [
235
+ {
236
+ "sentence": "Vacuum technology has always been an important utility in the production of electronics",
237
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The first TV and radio technologies emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, and Edwards Vacuum delivered vacuum pumps for the production of valve amplifiers, which enabled transmission and reception",
241
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In its initial years, Edwards Vacuum imported vacuum equipment from Germany's Leybold",
245
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.history.com/news/who-invented-television"
247
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
250
+ "sentence": "A freeze-drying method using vacuum chambers was patented in the 1930s",
251
+ "refs": [
252
+ "https://www.edwardsvacuum.com/en/about-us/history",
253
+ "https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Frederick_David_Edwards"
254
+ ]
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+ },
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "During World War II, the technology was further perfected and expanded to freeze-dry instant coffee, but also blood plasma and penicillin",
258
+ "refs": []
259
+ },
260
+ {
261
+ "sentence": "Penicillin itself was also produced using vacuum technology",
262
+ "refs": []
263
+ },
264
+ {
265
+ "sentence": "[citation needed]",
266
+ "refs": []
267
+ },
268
+ {
269
+ "sentence": "World War II marked an acceleration in technological development for vacuum technology",
270
+ "refs": []
271
+ },
272
+ {
273
+ "sentence": "Vacuum pump manufacturers innovated their products and new applications for vacuum emerged",
274
+ "refs": []
275
+ },
276
+ {
277
+ "sentence": "This included but wasn't limited to, the development of radar transmitters and receivers used in operations, glass coating of binoculars and windscreens, infrared systems, used for night flying and operations, foil coating, which confused radar systems and the introduction of freeze-drying to remove moisture, applied to various pharmaceutical processes.",
278
+ "refs": []
279
+ }
280
+ ],
281
+ "subsections": [
282
+ {
283
+ "section_title": "1950-60s",
284
+ "section_content": [
285
+ {
286
+ "sentence": "After the war, some of the inventions found new applications",
287
+ "refs": []
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+ },
289
+ {
290
+ "sentence": "The first transistor radio was released in 1954, and its manufacturing process made use of vacuum pumps",
291
+ "refs": []
292
+ },
293
+ {
294
+ "sentence": "The first integrated circuit or \u201cchip\u201d came to the market at the end of the 1950s, and vacuum pumps again played an important role in their production",
295
+ "refs": []
296
+ },
297
+ {
298
+ "sentence": "These early inventions were Edwards' first steps into the electronics and semiconductors industry, which is to this day the company\u2019s biggest market",
299
+ "refs": []
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "sentence": "Chips became increasingly small throughout the decades, increasing the importance of vacuum purity",
303
+ "refs": []
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+ }
305
+ ],
306
+ "subsections": []
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+ },
308
+ {
309
+ "section_title": "1970s",
310
+ "section_content": [
311
+ {
312
+ "sentence": "The scientific and medical markets have always been important for Edwards",
313
+ "refs": []
314
+ },
315
+ {
316
+ "sentence": "The introduction of X-ray technology required the use of a vacuum",
317
+ "refs": []
318
+ },
319
+ {
320
+ "sentence": "Vacuum technology also played an important role in the development of neuroimaging (brain scanners), like MRI, CT, and PET scanners.",
321
+ "refs": []
322
+ },
323
+ {
324
+ "sentence": "The first home computers were brought to the market in the 1970s and the development of computer technology has been unstoppable ever since",
325
+ "refs": []
326
+ },
327
+ {
328
+ "sentence": "The mass production of CRT displays and integrated circuits necessitated electronic companies to scale up, with vacuum installations becoming bigger and demand for vacuum purity increasing.",
329
+ "refs": []
330
+ },
331
+ {
332
+ "sentence": "In the 1970s, Edwards Vacuum also collaborated with Seiko Seiki for the invention of magnetically suspended turbopumps",
333
+ "refs": []
334
+ },
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "These molecular turbopumps use magnetically levitated bearings, which eliminate the risk of vacuum contamination, require less maintenance, and feature lower noise and vibration levels",
337
+ "refs": []
338
+ },
339
+ {
340
+ "sentence": "This type of technology is particularly suitable for scientific applications and the harsh processes in semiconductor manufacturing",
341
+ "refs": []
342
+ },
343
+ {
344
+ "sentence": "The newly emerged dry pumps and turbomolecular pumps supported innovation in the scientific instrument markets over the next couple of decades",
345
+ "refs": []
346
+ },
347
+ {
348
+ "sentence": "The scientific instrument market is now the second biggest market for Edwards Vacuum, after the semiconductor and electronics industry.",
349
+ "refs": []
350
+ }
351
+ ],
352
+ "subsections": []
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+ },
354
+ {
355
+ "section_title": "1980s",
356
+ "section_content": [
357
+ {
358
+ "sentence": "The compact disk was invented in the 1980s, initially to store and play digital audio recordings but a few years later also as general data storage",
359
+ "refs": []
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "sentence": "Vacuum is used for the metallization of CD surfaces.",
363
+ "refs": []
364
+ },
365
+ {
366
+ "sentence": "In 1984, Edwards\u2019 Henry Wycliffe invented the Drystar roots/claw dry pump, patended by Edwards",
367
+ "refs": []
368
+ },
369
+ {
370
+ "sentence": "The Drystar was a positivie-displacement roots/claw pump that does not require oil for lubrication",
371
+ "refs": []
372
+ },
373
+ {
374
+ "sentence": "The semiconductor industry in particular moved away quickly from oil-sealed pumps in favour of the new dry pumps",
375
+ "refs": []
376
+ },
377
+ {
378
+ "sentence": "In the harsh semiconductor processes, oil-sealed pumps required frequent servicing and oil changes: this new dry pump technology enabled more complex production processes in the semiconductor industry",
379
+ "refs": []
380
+ }
381
+ ],
382
+ "subsections": []
383
+ },
384
+ {
385
+ "section_title": "1990s",
386
+ "section_content": [
387
+ {
388
+ "sentence": "The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change came into force in 1994, driving the need for environmental solutions in the electronics industry",
389
+ "refs": []
390
+ },
391
+ {
392
+ "sentence": "Two years prior, in 1992, Edwards Vacuum had acquired a small start-up company specialising in the abatement of semiconductor process exhaust gases, allowing for a more environmentally friendly manufacturing process of semiconductors.",
393
+ "refs": []
394
+ }
395
+ ],
396
+ "subsections": []
397
+ },
398
+ {
399
+ "section_title": "Recent",
400
+ "section_content": [
401
+ {
402
+ "sentence": "Flat-screen display technology began in the 2000s, replacing the cathode ray tube displays of the previous century",
403
+ "refs": []
404
+ },
405
+ {
406
+ "sentence": "In the years that followed, technology evolved and displays became increasingly thinner, higher in resolution and larger",
407
+ "refs": []
408
+ },
409
+ {
410
+ "sentence": "As a result, the required composite structures become increasingly complex, and the manufacturing methods became more demanding",
411
+ "refs": []
412
+ },
413
+ {
414
+ "sentence": "Edwards Vacuum is involved in flat-screen display production with its turbomolecular pumps, which enable the high levels of vacuum required for the production process and coating of these displays",
415
+ "refs": []
416
+ },
417
+ {
418
+ "sentence": "Abatement installations remove global warming, toxic, pyrophoric, and corrosive gases in a safe, regulatory way",
419
+ "refs": []
420
+ },
421
+ {
422
+ "sentence": "[citation needed]",
423
+ "refs": []
424
+ },
425
+ {
426
+ "sentence": "Vacuum coating is used in other industries, including solar cell photovoltaics",
427
+ "refs": []
428
+ },
429
+ {
430
+ "sentence": "They are produced with processes such as crystalline silicon, CdTe, CIGS, or Silicon Thin Film Technology, all of which require vacuum",
431
+ "refs": []
432
+ },
433
+ {
434
+ "sentence": "Lithium-ion batteryies are a rapidly growing market, that also requires large amounts of vacuum in various stages of their production.",
435
+ "refs": []
436
+ },
437
+ {
438
+ "sentence": "Edwards CTI-Cryogenics and Edwards Polycold cryopumps and cryochillers play their role in cryogenic fields: MRI machines that uses liquid helium and require cryogenic cooling, storage of large quantities of food, freezing of blood and tissues samples, and semiconductors, as their technology and structures become more complex.",
439
+ "refs": []
440
+ }
441
+ ],
442
+ "subsections": []
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+ }
444
+ ]
445
+ },
446
+ {
447
+ "section_title": "Edwards Lecture Series",
448
+ "section_content": [
449
+ {
450
+ "sentence": "The Edwards Lecture Series is the longest-running lecture series at City, University of London, having reached its 44th edition in 2023",
451
+ "refs": []
452
+ },
453
+ {
454
+ "sentence": "The lecture commemorates the work of physicist and Edwards Vacuum founder FD Edwards, a member of staff at City, University of London\u2019s predecessor institution, The Northampton Institute, and Past Master of the Worshipful Company of Scientific Instrument Makers",
455
+ "refs": []
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "sentence": "The lecture has a distinguished history and has been given by five Nobel Laureates over the years (Professor Denis Gabor, Professor Sir Harry Kroto, Professor Sir Peter Mansfield, Professor Sir Paul Nurse, and Professor Carlo Rubbia), as well as several Fellows of the Royal Society and Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering.",
459
+ "refs": []
460
+ }
461
+ ],
462
+ "subsections": []
463
+ },
464
+ {
465
+ "section_title": "Controversies",
466
+ "section_content": [],
467
+ "subsections": [
468
+ {
469
+ "section_title": "Domain registration",
470
+ "section_content": [
471
+ {
472
+ "sentence": "In 2005, Nominet determined the domain name bocedwards.co.uk had been abusively registered by Eaton Engineering (Herts) Ltd and ordered that it be transferred to The BOC Group Ltd, the then owners of Edwards",
473
+ "refs": []
474
+ }
475
+ ],
476
+ "subsections": []
477
+ },
478
+ {
479
+ "section_title": "Hoffman Instrumentation Supply Inc",
480
+ "section_content": [
481
+ {
482
+ "sentence": "In 2019, Hoffman Instrumentation Supply Inc was a component vendor to Edwards' US, subsidiary Edwards Vacuum LLC, and held talks about becoming exclusive supplier for some items",
483
+ "refs": []
484
+ },
485
+ {
486
+ "sentence": "It was also proposed that Hoffman would construct subassemblies and complete systems, but only for Edwards",
487
+ "refs": []
488
+ },
489
+ {
490
+ "sentence": "One of Hoffman's key customers enquired whether it could provide a vacuum system that would work with pumps other than Edwards'",
491
+ "refs": []
492
+ },
493
+ {
494
+ "sentence": "Hoffman informed Edwards whose response was to suggest purchasing Hoffman",
495
+ "refs": []
496
+ },
497
+ {
498
+ "sentence": "Information was provided about Hoffman to Edwards for due diligence, under a non disclosure agreement, in order to progress the acquisition",
499
+ "refs": []
500
+ },
501
+ {
502
+ "sentence": "It included technical specifications for the pump agnostic vacuum system and Hoffman's cost structures",
503
+ "refs": []
504
+ },
505
+ {
506
+ "sentence": "The parties did not agree terms to purchase Hoffman and Edwards withdrew from the process",
507
+ "refs": []
508
+ },
509
+ {
510
+ "sentence": "A group of employees left Edwards to work for Hoffman and in 2020, Edwards sought an injunction against Hoffman to prevent misuse of the ex employees's trade secrets",
511
+ "refs": []
512
+ },
513
+ {
514
+ "sentence": "Hoffman counter claimed Edwards used the confidential due diligence information to pitch their products to Hoffman's key customer at prices just below Hoffman's own intended level, and to demand cost reductions from suppliers to match those obtained by Hoffman",
515
+ "refs": []
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+ },
517
+ {
518
+ "sentence": "Hoffman alleged Edwards employed monopoly practices in breach of the Sherman Act because it had 70% share of the integrated vacuum pump frame systems market in the US and suppressed competition, imposing non-compete covenants on its suppliers and engaged in employee intimidation; customer threats, and bad faith litigation",
519
+ "refs": []
520
+ },
521
+ {
522
+ "sentence": "In May 2021, Edwards was granted a partial, interim injunction against Hoffman selling a bellows component",
523
+ "refs": []
524
+ },
525
+ {
526
+ "sentence": "Judgement declined to accept Edwards' application of Noerr\u2013Pennington doctrine to dismiss Hoffman's anti competition counterclaim",
527
+ "refs": [
528
+ "https://ecf.ord.uscourts.gov/doc1/15118467227"
529
+ ]
530
+ },
531
+ {
532
+ "sentence": "In June 2022, the parties entered into a Confidential Settlement Agreement through which both parties' claims were dismissed with prejudice",
533
+ "refs": []
534
+ }
535
+ ],
536
+ "subsections": []
537
+ }
538
+ ]
539
+ },
540
+ {
541
+ "section_title": "References",
542
+ "section_content": [],
543
+ "subsections": []
544
+ },
545
+ {
546
+ "section_title": "External links",
547
+ "section_content": [],
548
+ "subsections": []
549
+ }
550
+ ],
551
+ "references": {
552
+ "1": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
553
+ "2": "https://www.edwardsvacuum.com/en/about-us/history",
554
+ "3": "https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Frederick_David_Edwards",
555
+ "4": "https://sec.report/Document/0001047469-13-007516/",
556
+ "5": "https://www.worldpumps.com/content/news/edwards-opens-vacuum-pump-plant-in-czech-republic/",
557
+ "6": "http://www.semiconductor-today.com/news_items/2018/sep/edwards_030918.shtml",
558
+ "7": "https://www.edwardsvacuum.com/en/our-products/uhv-pumps",
559
+ "8": "https://www.edwardsvacuum.com/en/our-products/diffusion-pumps",
560
+ "9": "https://www.edwardsvacuum.com/en/our-products/small-dry-pumps",
561
+ "10": "https://www.edwardsvacuum.com/en/our-products/industrial-dry-pumps",
562
+ "11": "https://www.edwardsvacuum.com/en/our-products/oil-sealed-pumps",
563
+ "12": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150327023710/http://www.atlascopco.com/us/news/corporatenews/140109_edwards.aspx",
564
+ "13": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/06124750",
565
+ "14": "https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/13118930.vacuum-pump-maker-edwards-snapped-1-billion-deal/",
566
+ "15": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110215006503/en/CEA-Leti-and-Edwards-Demonstrate-Energy-Saving-System-For-Subfab-Process-Support-Equipment",
567
+ "16": "https://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/apr/08/vacuum-maker-edwards-pulls-float",
568
+ "17": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZBYS56kTP7f2ns9Uu5rdXjCjj0D0OlaC/view?usp=drivesdk",
569
+ "18": "https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/people/cp31571/edwards-high-vacuum-international",
570
+ "19": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/00476995",
571
+ "20": "https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Edwards_High_Vacuum",
572
+ "21": "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/sussex/8458230.stm",
573
+ "22": "https://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/format.cgi?doc=/uk/cases/DRS/2005/2829.html",
574
+ "23": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/06124472",
575
+ "24": "https://www.edn.com/deals-bloom-in-capital-equipment/",
576
+ "25": "http://www.cccs.gov.sg/public-register-and-consultation/public-consultation-items/proposed-merger-between-air-liquide-electronics-us-lp-and-chemical-management-division-of-edwards-vacuum-inc",
577
+ "26": "https://zna3-group-prd-sitecorecontent-webapp01.azurewebsites.net/investors/regulatory-news/regulatory-news-item/?reqid=1146898",
578
+ "27": "https://www.chemeurope.com/en/news/8066/boc-to-acquire-turbomolecular-pump-business-from-seiko-instruments-inc.html",
579
+ "28": "https://investors.tranetechnologies.com/news-and-events/news-releases/news-release-details/2006/Ingersoll-Rand-Acquires-the-Global-Low-pressure-Air-Business-of-BOC-Edwards/default.aspx",
580
+ "29": "https://www.photonics.com/Articles/BOC_Edwards_Unit_Sold_to_Private_Equity_Firm/a28866",
581
+ "30": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
582
+ "31": "https://www.investegate.co.uk/boc-group-plc--boc-/prn/1st-quarter-results/20060208070357P7E3A/",
583
+ "32": "https://mobile.stevieawards.com/edwards-group-shows-why-working-vacuum-can-pay",
584
+ "33": "https://cms.law/en/deu/news-information/cms-advises-atlas-copco-on-acquisition-of-cryogenic-business-of-brooks-automation",
585
+ "34": "https://www.gasworld.com/story/edwards-vacuum-celebrates-100-years/",
586
+ "35": "https://www.gasworld.com/story/edwards-vacuum-breaks-ground-on-new-high-technology-innovation-centre-in-oregan/",
587
+ "36": "https://news.mit.edu/2019/mit-nano-announces-corporate-consortium-founding-members-0708",
588
+ "37": "https://www.rte.ie/news/business/2020/0922/1166669-edwards-to-create-120-dublin-jobs/",
589
+ "38": "https://www.bizjournals.com/phoenix/news/2022/03/03/semiconductor-supplier-to-open-manufacturing-facil.html",
590
+ "39": "https://www.edwardsvacuum.com/en/about-us/news-and-events/edwards-invests-in-new-arizona-facility-to-support-north-america-semiconductor-growth",
591
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+ "41": "https://impeller.net/magazin/atlas-copco-to-acquire-a-chinese-manufacturer-of-industrial-vacuum-pumps-and-systems/",
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+ "46": "https://casetext.com/case/edwards-vacuum-llc-v-hoffman-instrumentation-supply-inc-1/",
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+ "47": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/18483773/edwards-vacuum-llc-v-hoffman-instrumentation-supply-inc/",
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+ "asian",
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+ "city, university of london",
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+ "edwards' us",
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+ "electrotech ltd",
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+ "edwards lecture series the edwards lecture series",
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+ "mri",
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+ "atlas copco group",
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+ "shandong jinggong pump co ltd",
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+ "linde",
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+ "noerr\u2013pennington",
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+ "w edwards and co",
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+ "boc",
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+ "edwards' uk",
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+ "drystar",
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+ "history independent",
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+ "eaton engineering",
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+ "czech republic",
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+ "cayman island-based",
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+ "harry kroto",
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+ "brooks automation",
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+ "polycold",
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+ "hynix",
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+ "cigs",
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+ "nailsea",
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+ "shoreham",
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+ "bengalaru",
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+ "edwards ltd",
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+ "the boc group ltd",
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+ "edwards equipment and services",
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+ "north america semiconductor technology centre",
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+ "india",
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+ "ingersoll rand",
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+ "wilhelm klein gmbh",
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+ "ads",
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+ "stokes",
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+ "seiko industry",
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+ "seiko seiki",
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+ "south korea",
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+ "edwards",
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+ "nobel laureates",
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+ "gamma vacuum",
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+ "sherman act",
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+ "allentown",
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+ "carlo rubbia",
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+ "london",
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+ "dublin",
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+ "hhv pumps pvt ltd",
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+ "united nations framework convention on climate change",
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+ "edwards polycold",
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+ "german",
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+ "city",
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+ "evac",
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+ "herts",
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+ "edwards high vacuum international ltd",
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+ "confidential settlement agreement",
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+ "edwards vacuum llc",
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+ "atlas copco",
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+ "pet",
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+ "arizona",
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+ "fsi international inc",
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+ "worshipful company of scientific instrument makers",
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+ "boc edwards",
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+ "leybold",
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+ "lg",
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+ "crawley",
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+ "boc group",
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+ "hoffman instrumentation supply inc",
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+ "us",
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+ "fd edwards",
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+ "hoffman",
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+ "queen's award",
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+ "son ltd",
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+ "italian"
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+ ]
940
+ }
json/Eukaryote.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,887 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Eukaryote",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryote",
4
+ "summary": "The eukaryotes () constitute the domain of Eukarya, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes. They constitute a major group of life forms alongside the two groups of prokaryotes: the Bacteria and the Archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass is much larger than that of prokaryotes.\nThe eukaryotes seemingly emerged in the Archaea, within the Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among the Archaea. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.2 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as flagellated cells. The leading evolutionary theory is they were created by symbiogenesis between an anaerobic Asgard archaean and an aerobic proteobacterium, which formed the mitochondria. A second episode of symbiogenesis with a cyanobacterium created the plants, with chloroplasts. The oldest-known eukaryote fossils, multicellular planktonic organisms belonging to the Gabonionta, were discovered in Gabon in 2023, dating back to 2.1 billion years ago.\nEukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus. Eukaryotes may be either unicellular or multicellular. In comparison, prokaryotes are typically unicellular. Unicellular eukaryotes are sometimes called protists. Eukaryotes can reproduce both asexually through mitosis and sexually through meiosis and gamete fusion (fertilization).",
5
+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Diversity",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Eukaryotes are organisms that range from microscopic single cells, such as picozoans under 3 micrometres across, to animals like the blue whale, weighing up to 190 tonnes and measuring up to 33.6 metres (110\u00a0ft) long, or plants like the coast redwood, up to 120 metres (390\u00a0ft) tall",
11
+ "refs": [
12
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3608682",
13
+ "https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofan00wood"
14
+ ]
15
+ },
16
+ {
17
+ "sentence": "Many eukaryotes are unicellular; the informal grouping called protists includes many of these, with some multicellular forms like the giant kelp up to 200 feet (61\u00a0m) long",
18
+ "refs": [
19
+ "http://www.conifers.org/cu/Sequoia.php"
20
+ ]
21
+ },
22
+ {
23
+ "sentence": "The multicellular eukaryotes include the animals, plants, and fungi, but again, these groups too contain many unicellular species",
24
+ "refs": [
25
+ "https://books.google.com/books?id=xuUoiFesSHMC"
26
+ ]
27
+ },
28
+ {
29
+ "sentence": "Eukaryotic cells are typically much larger than those of prokaryotes\u2014the bacteria and the archaea\u2014having a volume of around 10,000 times greater",
30
+ "refs": [
31
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3996474"
32
+ ]
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "sentence": "Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, as many of them are much larger, their collective global biomass (468 gigatons) is far larger than that of prokaryotes (77 gigatons), with plants alone accounting for over 81% of the total biomass of Earth",
36
+ "refs": [
37
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-12-384719-5.00174-x",
38
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20170809103456/http://protistology.jp/journal/jjp47/JJP47YAMAGUCHI.pdf"
39
+ ]
40
+ },
41
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The eukaryotes are a diverse lineage, consisting mainly of microscopic organisms",
43
+ "refs": []
44
+ },
45
+ {
46
+ "sentence": "Multicellularity in some form has evolved independently at least 25 times within the eukaryotes",
47
+ "refs": [
48
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.tree.2019.08.008"
49
+ ]
50
+ },
51
+ {
52
+ "sentence": "Complex multicellular organisms, not counting the aggregation of amoebae to form slime molds, have evolved within only six eukaryotic lineages: animals, symbiomycotan fungi, brown algae, red algae, green algae, and land plants",
53
+ "refs": [
54
+ "https://grosberglab.faculty.ucdavis.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/453/2017/05/2007-Grosberg-R.-K.-and-R.-R.-Strathmann.pdf",
55
+ "http://www.producao.usp.br/bitstream/handle/BDPI/45022/339_ftp.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y"
56
+ ]
57
+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "sentence": "Eukaryotes are grouped by genomic similarities, so that groups often lack visible shared characteristics",
60
+ "refs": [
61
+ "https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-arplant-042110-103809"
62
+ ]
63
+ }
64
+ ],
65
+ "subsections": []
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "section_title": "Distinguishing features",
69
+ "section_content": [],
70
+ "subsections": [
71
+ {
72
+ "section_title": "Nucleus",
73
+ "section_content": [
74
+ {
75
+ "sentence": "The defining feature of eukaryotes is that their cells have nuclei",
76
+ "refs": []
77
+ },
78
+ {
79
+ "sentence": "This gives them their name, from the Greek \u03b5\u1f56 (eu, \"well\" or \"good\") and \u03ba\u03ac\u03c1\u03c5\u03bf\u03bd (karyon, \"nut\" or \"kernel\", here meaning \"nucleus\")",
80
+ "refs": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "sentence": "Eukaryotic cells have a variety of internal membrane-bound structures, called organelles, and a cytoskeleton which defines the cell's organization and shape",
84
+ "refs": [
85
+ "https://www.etymonline.com/?term=eukaryotic"
86
+ ]
87
+ },
88
+ {
89
+ "sentence": "The nucleus stores the cell's DNA, which is divided into linear bundles called chromosomes; these are separated into two matching sets by a microtubular spindle during nuclear division, in the distinctively eukaryotic process of mitosis",
90
+ "refs": [
91
+ "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrg.2016.112"
92
+ ]
93
+ }
94
+ ],
95
+ "subsections": []
96
+ },
97
+ {
98
+ "section_title": "Biochemistry",
99
+ "section_content": [
100
+ {
101
+ "sentence": "Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes in multiple ways, with unique biochemical pathways such as sterane synthesis",
102
+ "refs": []
103
+ },
104
+ {
105
+ "sentence": "The eukaryotic signature proteins have no homology to proteins in other domains of life, but appear to be universal among eukaryotes",
106
+ "refs": [
107
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Sci...285.1033B"
108
+ ]
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "sentence": "They include the proteins of the cytoskeleton, the complex transcription machinery, the membrane-sorting systems, the nuclear pore, and some enzymes in the biochemical pathways",
112
+ "refs": []
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+ }
114
+ ],
115
+ "subsections": []
116
+ },
117
+ {
118
+ "section_title": "Internal membranes",
119
+ "section_content": [
120
+ {
121
+ "sentence": "Eukaryote cells include a variety of membrane-bound structures, together forming the endomembrane system",
122
+ "refs": []
123
+ },
124
+ {
125
+ "sentence": "Simple compartments, called vesicles and vacuoles, can form by budding off other membranes",
126
+ "refs": [
127
+ "https://books.google.com/books?id=WfzEgaLibuwC&pg=PA215"
128
+ ]
129
+ },
130
+ {
131
+ "sentence": "Many cells ingest food and other materials through a process of endocytosis, where the outer membrane invaginates and then pinches off to form a vesicle",
132
+ "refs": []
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "sentence": "Some cell products can leave in a vesicle through exocytosis",
136
+ "refs": [
137
+ "ISBN: 978-0-19-963851-2"
138
+ ]
139
+ },
140
+ {
141
+ "sentence": "The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane known as the nuclear envelope, with nuclear pores that allow material to move in and out",
142
+ "refs": []
143
+ },
144
+ {
145
+ "sentence": "Various tube- and sheet-like extensions of the nuclear membrane form the endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in protein transport and maturation",
146
+ "refs": [
147
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2829960"
148
+ ]
149
+ },
150
+ {
151
+ "sentence": "It includes the rough endoplasmic reticulum, covered in ribosomes which synthesize proteins; these enter the interior space or lumen",
152
+ "refs": []
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "sentence": "Subsequently, they generally enter vesicles, which bud off from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum",
156
+ "refs": []
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "sentence": "In most eukaryotes, these protein-carrying vesicles are released and further modified in stacks of flattened vesicles (cisternae), the Golgi apparatus",
160
+ "refs": [
161
+ "http://bscb.org/learning-resources/softcell-e-learning/endoplasmic-reticulum-rough-and-smooth/"
162
+ ]
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "sentence": "Vesicles may be specialized; for instance, lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down biomolecules in the cytoplasm",
166
+ "refs": []
167
+ }
168
+ ],
169
+ "subsections": []
170
+ },
171
+ {
172
+ "section_title": "Mitochondria",
173
+ "section_content": [
174
+ {
175
+ "sentence": "Mitochondria are organelles in eukaryotic cells",
176
+ "refs": []
177
+ },
178
+ {
179
+ "sentence": "The mitochondrion is commonly called \"the powerhouse of the cell\", for its function providing energy by oxidising sugars or fats to produce the energy-storing molecule ATP",
180
+ "refs": [
181
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7052475"
182
+ ]
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "sentence": "Mitochondria have two surrounding membranes, each a phospholipid bilayer; the inner of which is folded into invaginations called cristae where aerobic respiration takes place",
186
+ "refs": [
187
+ "https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofbi00voet_0/page/547",
188
+ "http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2006-05/1146679455.Ev.r.html"
189
+ ]
190
+ },
191
+ {
192
+ "sentence": "Mitochondria contain their own DNA, which has close structural similarities to bacterial DNA, from which it originated, and which encodes rRNA and tRNA genes that produce RNA which is closer in structure to bacterial RNA than to eukaryote RNA",
193
+ "refs": []
194
+ },
195
+ {
196
+ "sentence": "Some eukaryotes, such as the metamonads Giardia and Trichomonas, and the amoebozoan Pelomyxa, appear to lack mitochondria, but all contain mitochondrion-derived organelles, like hydrogenosomes or mitosomes, having lost their mitochondria secondarily",
197
+ "refs": []
198
+ },
199
+ {
200
+ "sentence": "They obtain energy by enzymatic action in the cytoplasm",
201
+ "refs": [
202
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2016.03.053"
203
+ ]
204
+ }
205
+ ],
206
+ "subsections": []
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "section_title": "Plastids",
210
+ "section_content": [
211
+ {
212
+ "sentence": "Plants and various groups of algae have plastids as well as mitochondria",
213
+ "refs": []
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "sentence": "Plastids, like mitochondria, have their own DNA and are developed from endosymbionts, in this case cyanobacteria",
217
+ "refs": []
218
+ },
219
+ {
220
+ "sentence": "They usually take the form of chloroplasts which, like cyanobacteria, contain chlorophyll and produce organic compounds (such as glucose) through photosynthesis",
221
+ "refs": []
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "sentence": "Others are involved in storing food",
225
+ "refs": []
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "sentence": "Although plastids probably had a single origin, not all plastid-containing groups are closely related",
229
+ "refs": []
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "sentence": "Instead, some eukaryotes have obtained them from others through secondary endosymbiosis or ingestion",
233
+ "refs": []
234
+ },
235
+ {
236
+ "sentence": "The capture and sequestering of photosynthetic cells and chloroplasts, kleptoplasty, occurs in many types of modern eukaryotic organisms",
237
+ "refs": [
238
+ "https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-4061-0_4"
239
+ ]
240
+ }
241
+ ],
242
+ "subsections": []
243
+ },
244
+ {
245
+ "section_title": "Cytoskeletal structures",
246
+ "section_content": [
247
+ {
248
+ "sentence": "The cytoskeleton provides stiffening structure and points of attachment for motor structures that enable the cell to move, change shape, or transport materials",
249
+ "refs": []
250
+ },
251
+ {
252
+ "sentence": "The motor structures are microfilaments of actin and actin-binding proteins, including \u03b1-actinin, fimbrin, and filamin are present in submembranous cortical layers and bundles",
253
+ "refs": []
254
+ },
255
+ {
256
+ "sentence": "Motor proteins of microtubules, dynein and kinesin, and myosin of actin filaments, provide dynamic character of the network",
257
+ "refs": []
258
+ },
259
+ {
260
+ "sentence": "Many eukaryotes have long slender motile cytoplasmic projections, called flagella, or multiple shorter structures called cilia",
261
+ "refs": []
262
+ },
263
+ {
264
+ "sentence": "These organelles are variously involved in movement, feeding, and sensation",
265
+ "refs": []
266
+ },
267
+ {
268
+ "sentence": "They are composed mainly of tubulin, and are entirely distinct from prokaryotic flagella",
269
+ "refs": []
270
+ },
271
+ {
272
+ "sentence": "They are supported by a bundle of microtubules arising from a centriole, characteristically arranged as nine doublets surrounding two singlets",
273
+ "refs": []
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "sentence": "Flagella may have hairs (mastigonemes), as in many Stramenopiles",
277
+ "refs": []
278
+ },
279
+ {
280
+ "sentence": "Their interior is continuous with the cell's cytoplasm",
281
+ "refs": []
282
+ },
283
+ {
284
+ "sentence": "Centrioles are often present, even in cells and groups that do not have flagella, but conifers and flowering plants have neither",
285
+ "refs": []
286
+ },
287
+ {
288
+ "sentence": "They generally occur in groups that give rise to various microtubular roots",
289
+ "refs": []
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "sentence": "These form a primary component of the cytoskeleton, and are often assembled over the course of several cell divisions, with one flagellum retained from the parent and the other derived from it",
293
+ "refs": []
294
+ },
295
+ {
296
+ "sentence": "Centrioles produce the spindle during nuclear division",
297
+ "refs": []
298
+ }
299
+ ],
300
+ "subsections": []
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "section_title": "Cell wall",
304
+ "section_content": [
305
+ {
306
+ "sentence": "The cells of plants, algae, fungi and most chromalveolates, but not animals, are surrounded by a cell wall",
307
+ "refs": []
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "This is a layer outside the cell membrane, providing the cell with structural support, protection, and a filtering mechanism",
311
+ "refs": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "sentence": "The cell wall also prevents over-expansion when water enters the cell",
315
+ "refs": []
316
+ },
317
+ {
318
+ "sentence": "The major polysaccharides making up the primary cell wall of land plants are cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin",
319
+ "refs": []
320
+ },
321
+ {
322
+ "sentence": "The cellulose microfibrils are linked together with hemicellulose, embedded in a pectin matrix",
323
+ "refs": []
324
+ },
325
+ {
326
+ "sentence": "The most common hemicellulose in the primary cell wall is xyloglucan",
327
+ "refs": []
328
+ }
329
+ ],
330
+ "subsections": []
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "section_title": "Sexual reproduction",
334
+ "section_content": [
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "Eukaryotes have a life cycle that involves sexual reproduction, alternating between a haploid phase, where only one copy of each chromosome is present in each cell, and a diploid phase, with two copies of each chromosome in each cell",
337
+ "refs": []
338
+ },
339
+ {
340
+ "sentence": "The diploid phase is formed by fusion of two haploid gametes, such as eggs and spermatozoa, to form a zygote; this may grow into a body, with its cells dividing by mitosis, and at some stage produce haploid gametes through meiosis, a division that reduces the number of chromosomes and creates genetic variability",
341
+ "refs": []
342
+ },
343
+ {
344
+ "sentence": "There is considerable variation in this pattern",
345
+ "refs": [
346
+ "https://archive.org/details/populationgeneti00hami"
347
+ ]
348
+ },
349
+ {
350
+ "sentence": "Plants have both haploid and diploid multicellular phases",
351
+ "refs": []
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "sentence": "Eukaryotes have lower metabolic rates and longer generation times than prokaryotes, because they are larger and therefore have a smaller surface area to volume ratio",
355
+ "refs": [
356
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC556298"
357
+ ]
358
+ },
359
+ {
360
+ "sentence": "The evolution of sexual reproduction may be a primordial characteristic of eukaryotes",
361
+ "refs": []
362
+ },
363
+ {
364
+ "sentence": "Based on a phylogenetic analysis, Dacks and Roger have proposed that facultative sex was present in the group's common ancestor",
365
+ "refs": []
366
+ },
367
+ {
368
+ "sentence": "A core set of genes that function in meiosis is present in both Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia intestinalis, two organisms previously thought to be asexual",
369
+ "refs": [
370
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999JMolE..48..779D"
371
+ ]
372
+ },
373
+ {
374
+ "sentence": "Since these two species are descendants of lineages that diverged early from the eukaryotic evolutionary tree, core meiotic genes, and hence sex, were likely present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes",
375
+ "refs": [
376
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2005.01.003",
377
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2488364"
378
+ ]
379
+ },
380
+ {
381
+ "sentence": "Species once thought to be asexual, such as Leishmania parasites, have a sexual cycle",
382
+ "refs": [
383
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2005.01.003",
384
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2488364"
385
+ ]
386
+ },
387
+ {
388
+ "sentence": "Amoebae, previously regarded as asexual, are anciently sexual; present-day asexual groups likely arose recently",
389
+ "refs": [
390
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729066"
391
+ ]
392
+ }
393
+ ],
394
+ "subsections": []
395
+ }
396
+ ]
397
+ },
398
+ {
399
+ "section_title": "Evolution",
400
+ "section_content": [],
401
+ "subsections": [
402
+ {
403
+ "section_title": "History of classification",
404
+ "section_content": [
405
+ {
406
+ "sentence": "In antiquity, the two lineages of animals and plants were recognized by Aristotle and Theophrastus",
407
+ "refs": []
408
+ },
409
+ {
410
+ "sentence": "The lineages were given the taxonomic rank of Kingdom by Linnaeus in the 18th century",
411
+ "refs": []
412
+ },
413
+ {
414
+ "sentence": "Though he included the fungi with plants with some reservations, it was later realized that they are quite distinct and warrant a separate kingdom",
415
+ "refs": []
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+ },
417
+ {
418
+ "sentence": "The various single-cell eukaryotes were originally placed with plants or animals when they became known",
419
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421
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422
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+ {
424
+ "sentence": "In 1818, the German biologist Georg A",
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+ {
428
+ "sentence": "Goldfuss coined the word protozoa to refer to organisms such as ciliates, and this group was expanded until Ernst Haeckel made it a kingdom encompassing all single-celled eukaryotes, the Protista, in 1866",
429
+ "refs": [
430
+ "https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47614#page/530/mode/1up"
431
+ ]
432
+ },
433
+ {
434
+ "sentence": "The eukaryotes thus came to be seen as four kingdoms:",
435
+ "refs": [
436
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20110614000656/http://www.im.microbios.org/08december99/03%20Scamardella.pdf",
437
+ "https://zenodo.org/record/1232387",
438
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1969Sci...163..150W"
439
+ ]
440
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The protists were at that time thought to be \"primitive forms\", and thus an evolutionary grade, united by their primitive unicellular nature",
443
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
446
+ "sentence": "Understanding of the oldest branchings in the tree of life only developed substantially with DNA sequencing, leading to a system of domains rather than kingdoms as top level rank being put forward by Carl Woese, Otto Kandler, and Mark Wheelis in 1990, uniting all the eukaryote kingdoms in the domain \"Eucarya\", stating, however, that \"'eukaryotes' will continue to be an acceptable common synonym\"",
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448
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449
+ ]
450
+ },
451
+ {
452
+ "sentence": "In 1996, the evolutionary biologist Lynn Margulis proposed to replace Kingdoms and Domains with \"inclusive\" names to create a \"symbiosis-based phylogeny\", giving the description \"Eukarya (symbiosis-derived nucleated organisms)\"",
453
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454
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC54159",
455
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456
+ ]
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461
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462
+ "section_title": "Phylogeny",
463
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+ {
465
+ "sentence": "By 2014, a rough consensus started to emerge from the phylogenomic studies of the previous two decades",
466
+ "refs": []
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+ },
468
+ {
469
+ "sentence": "The majority of eukaryotes can be placed in one of two large clades dubbed Amorphea (similar in composition to the unikont hypothesis) and the Diphoda (formerly bikonts), which includes plants and most algal lineages",
470
+ "refs": [
471
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3996474",
472
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795036"
473
+ ]
474
+ },
475
+ {
476
+ "sentence": "A third major grouping, the Excavata, has been abandoned as a formal group as it is paraphyletic",
477
+ "refs": []
478
+ },
479
+ {
480
+ "sentence": "The proposed phylogeny below includes only one group of excavates (Discoba), and incorporates the 2021 proposal that picozoans are close relatives of rhodophytes",
481
+ "refs": [
482
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6492006",
483
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5793813"
484
+ ]
485
+ },
486
+ {
487
+ "sentence": "The Provora are a group of microbial predators discovered in 2022",
488
+ "refs": [
489
+ "http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-189959"
490
+ ]
491
+ },
492
+ {
493
+ "sentence": "The Metamonada are hard to place, being sister possibly to Discoba, possibly to Malawimonada",
494
+ "refs": [
495
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022Natur.612..714T"
496
+ ]
497
+ }
498
+ ],
499
+ "subsections": []
500
+ },
501
+ {
502
+ "section_title": "Origin of eukaryotes",
503
+ "section_content": [
504
+ {
505
+ "sentence": "The origin of the eukaryotic cell, or eukaryogenesis, is a milestone in the evolution of life, since eukaryotes include all complex cells and almost all multicellular organisms",
506
+ "refs": []
507
+ },
508
+ {
509
+ "sentence": "The last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) is the hypothetical origin of all living eukaryotes, and was most likely a biological population, not a single individual",
510
+ "refs": [
511
+ "https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev-micro-090817-062213"
512
+ ]
513
+ },
514
+ {
515
+ "sentence": "The LECA is believed to have been a protist with a nucleus, at least one centriole and flagellum, facultatively aerobic mitochondria, sex (meiosis and syngamy), a dormant cyst with a cell wall of chitin and/or cellulose and peroxisomes",
516
+ "refs": [
517
+ "https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41559-019-0796-3"
518
+ ]
519
+ },
520
+ {
521
+ "sentence": "An endosymbiotic union between a motile anaerobic archaean and an aerobic alphaproteobacterium gave rise to the LECA and all eukaryotes, with mitochondria",
522
+ "refs": []
523
+ },
524
+ {
525
+ "sentence": "A second, much later endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium gave rise to the ancestor of plants, with chloroplasts",
526
+ "refs": []
527
+ },
528
+ {
529
+ "sentence": "The presence of eukaryotic biomarkers in archaea points towards an archaeal origin",
530
+ "refs": []
531
+ },
532
+ {
533
+ "sentence": "The genomes of Asgard archaea have plenty of Eukaryotic signature protein genes, which play a crucial role in the development of the cytoskeleton and complex cellular structures characteristic of eukaryotes",
534
+ "refs": []
535
+ },
536
+ {
537
+ "sentence": "In 2022, cryo-electron tomography demonstrated that Asgard archaea have a complex actin-based cytoskeleton, providing the first direct visual evidence of the archaeal ancestry of eukaryotes",
538
+ "refs": []
539
+ }
540
+ ],
541
+ "subsections": []
542
+ },
543
+ {
544
+ "section_title": "Fossils",
545
+ "section_content": [
546
+ {
547
+ "sentence": "The timing of the origin of eukaryotes is hard to determine; Knoll (2006) suggests they developed as much as 2.2 billion years ago",
548
+ "refs": []
549
+ },
550
+ {
551
+ "sentence": "Some acritarchs are known from at least 1.65 billion years ago, and a fossil, Grypania, which may be an alga, is as much as 2.1 billion years old",
552
+ "refs": []
553
+ },
554
+ {
555
+ "sentence": "The \"problematic\" fossil Diskagma has been found in paleosols 2.2 billion years old",
556
+ "refs": [
557
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992Sci...257..232H",
558
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1578724",
559
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PreR..235...71R"
560
+ ]
561
+ },
562
+ {
563
+ "sentence": "Structures proposed to represent \"large colonial organisms\" have been found in the black shales of the Palaeoproterozoic such as the Francevillian B Formation, in Gabon, dubbed the \"Francevillian biota\" which is dated at 2.1 billion years old",
564
+ "refs": []
565
+ },
566
+ {
567
+ "sentence": "However, the status of these structures as fossils is contested, with other authors suggesting that they might represent pseudofossils",
568
+ "refs": [
569
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.466..100A",
570
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2023.118169"
571
+ ]
572
+ },
573
+ {
574
+ "sentence": "The oldest fossils than can unambiguously be assigned to eukaryotes are from the Ruyang Group of China, dating to approximately 1.8-1.6 billion years ago",
575
+ "refs": []
576
+ },
577
+ {
578
+ "sentence": "Fossils that are clearly related to modern groups start appearing an estimated 1.2 billion years ago, in the form of red algae, though recent work suggests the existence of fossilized filamentous algae in the Vindhya basin dating back perhaps to 1.6 to 1.7 billion years ago",
579
+ "refs": [
580
+ "https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0012825223000879"
581
+ ]
582
+ },
583
+ {
584
+ "sentence": "The presence of steranes, eukaryotic-specific biomarkers, in Australian shales previously indicated that eukaryotes were present in these rocks dated at 2.7 billion years old, but these Archaean biomarkers have been rebutted as later contaminants",
585
+ "refs": [
586
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Sci...285.1033B",
587
+ "https://www.newscientist.com/channel/life/mg19726421.900-mass-extinctions-the-microbes-strike-back.html"
588
+ ]
589
+ },
590
+ {
591
+ "sentence": "The oldest valid biomarker records are only around 800 million years old",
592
+ "refs": [
593
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4434754"
594
+ ]
595
+ },
596
+ {
597
+ "sentence": "In contrast, a molecular clock analysis suggests the emergence of sterol biosynthesis as early as 2.3 billion years ago",
598
+ "refs": [
599
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.548..578B"
600
+ ]
601
+ },
602
+ {
603
+ "sentence": "The nature of steranes as eukaryotic biomarkers is further complicated by the production of sterols by some bacteria",
604
+ "refs": [
605
+ "https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.543..420G"
606
+ ]
607
+ },
608
+ {
609
+ "sentence": "Whenever their origins, eukaryotes may not have become ecologically dominant until much later; a massive increase in the zinc composition of marine sediments 800\u00a0million years ago has been attributed to the rise of substantial populations of eukaryotes, which preferentially consume and incorporate zinc relative to prokaryotes, approximately a billion years after their origin (at the latest)",
610
+ "refs": []
611
+ }
612
+ ],
613
+ "subsections": []
614
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+ "6": "https://archive.org/details/guinnessbookofan00wood",
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+ "15": "http://www.producao.usp.br/bitstream/handle/BDPI/45022/339_ftp.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024",
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+ "summary": "The Eurovision Song Contest 2024 is set to be the 68th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest. It is scheduled to take place in Malm\u00f6, Sweden, following the country's victory at the 2023 contest with the song \"Tattoo\" by Loreen. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT), the contest will be held at the Malm\u00f6 Arena, and will consist of two semi-finals on 7 and 9 May, and a final on 11 May 2024. It will be the third edition of the contest to take place in Malm\u00f6, which hosted it in 1992 and 2013, and the seventh in Sweden, which last hosted it in Stockholm in 2016.",
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+ "https://eurovoix.com/2023/06/10/eurovision-2024-gothenburg-prepares-bid-to-host/"
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+ "https://eurovoix.com/2023/06/13/eurovision-2024-malmo-bid/",
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+ "https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/flera-i-kampen-att-fa-vara-vardstad-for-eurovision-kort-om-tid"
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+ ]
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Prior to this announcement, Sandviken and J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping had already declared to have opted out",
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+ "https://www.svt.se/kultur/fyra-stader-som-slass-om-eurovision-song-contest-2024",
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+ "https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/vast/politisk-majoritet-i-goteborg-vill-arrangera-eurovision-song-contest"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 7 July, Gothenburg and \u00d6rnsk\u00f6ldsvik's bids were reported to have been eliminated",
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+ "https://eurovoix.com/2023/06/08/eurovision-2024-sandviken-bid-to-host/",
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+ "https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/problemet-som-satte-stopp-for-eurovision-i-jonkoping"
66
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Later that day, the EBU and SVT announced Malm\u00f6 as the host city",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/melodifestivalen/a/pQOkGW/goteborg-och-ornskoldsvik-far-inte-eurovision"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Key:\u00a0\u2020\u00a0 Host city\u00a0*\u00a0 Shortlisted\u00a0^\u00a0 Submitted a bid",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "For the 2024 contest, eligible countries had until 15 September 2023 to send the EBU confirmation of their participation and until 11 October 2023 to withdraw without facing financial penalties",
96
+ "refs": []
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "However, as of 14\u00a0November\u00a02023, [update] the list of participating countries had not yet been defined, as opposed to previous years when it was released as early as October",
100
+ "refs": [
101
+ "https://esctoday.com/191769/monaco-tvmonaco-launches-in-september-will-the-country-return-to-eurovision/",
102
+ "https://ogaegreece.com/eurovision-news-swedish-production-begins-details-countries/"
103
+ ]
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "sentence": "As of November\u00a02023, [update] the following 35 countries have publicly confirmed their intention to participate in 2024",
107
+ "refs": []
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "sentence": "Luxembourg is set to return to the contest 31 years after its last participation in 1993.",
111
+ "refs": []
112
+ }
113
+ ],
114
+ "subsections": [
115
+ {
116
+ "section_title": "Other countries",
117
+ "section_content": [],
118
+ "subsections": [
119
+ {
120
+ "section_title": "Active EBU members",
121
+ "section_content": [
122
+ {
123
+ "sentence": "Active EBU member broadcasters in Andorra, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Monaco and Slovakia have so far confirmed non-participation prior to the announcement of the participants list by the EBU",
124
+ "refs": []
125
+ }
126
+ ],
127
+ "subsections": []
128
+ },
129
+ {
130
+ "section_title": "Associate EBU members",
131
+ "section_content": [],
132
+ "subsections": []
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "section_title": "Non-EBU members",
136
+ "section_content": [],
137
+ "subsections": []
138
+ }
139
+ ]
140
+ }
141
+ ]
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "section_title": "Production",
145
+ "section_content": [
146
+ {
147
+ "sentence": "The Eurovision Song Contest 2024 will be produced by the Swedish national broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT)",
148
+ "refs": []
149
+ },
150
+ {
151
+ "sentence": "The core team will consist of Ebba Adielsson as chief executive producer, Christel Tholse Willers\u00a0 [sv] as executive producer in charge of communications, Tobias \u00c5berg as executive in charge of production, Johan Bernhagen as executive line producer, Christer Bj\u00f6rkman as contest producer, and Per Blankens\u00a0 [sv] as TV producer",
152
+ "refs": []
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "sentence": "Additional production personnel will include head of production David Wess\u00e9n, head of legal Mats Lindgren, head of media Madeleine Sinding-Larsen, and executive assistant Linnea Lopez",
156
+ "refs": []
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "sentence": "Willers, \u00c5berg, Bernhagen, Bj\u00f6rkman and Lindgren have previously worked on the 2000, 2013 and/or 2016 contests, in various capacities",
160
+ "refs": []
161
+ },
162
+ {
163
+ "sentence": "Bj\u00f6rkman has also produced the American Song Contest (an adaptation of the Eurovision format for the United States) and has been largely involved in Melodifestivalen, the Swedish national final for Eurovision, at which Blankens, Sinding-Larsen and Willers have also worked",
164
+ "refs": [
165
+ "https://eurovoix.com/2023/10/19/kosovo-ebu-reportedly-positive-of-song-festival/",
166
+ "https://omoss.svt.se/arkiv/nyhetsarkiv/2023-06-14-esc-2024---svt-har-utsett-ansvarigt-team.html",
167
+ "https://eurovision.tv/story/svt-appoints-eurovision-song-contest-2024-core-team"
168
+ ]
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "sentence": "Malm\u00f6 Municipality will contribute 30 million\u00a0SEK (approximately \u20ac2.5 million) to the budget of the contest",
172
+ "refs": []
173
+ }
174
+ ],
175
+ "subsections": [
176
+ {
177
+ "section_title": "Slogan",
178
+ "section_content": [
179
+ {
180
+ "sentence": "On 14 November 2023, the EBU and SVT announced that \"United by Music\", the slogan of the 2023 contest, would be retained for 2024 and future editions",
181
+ "refs": []
182
+ }
183
+ ],
184
+ "subsections": []
185
+ }
186
+ ]
187
+ },
188
+ {
189
+ "section_title": "Format",
190
+ "section_content": [],
191
+ "subsections": [
192
+ {
193
+ "section_title": "Semi-final allocation draw",
194
+ "section_content": [
195
+ {
196
+ "sentence": "An allocation draw is organised to determine the participating countries' designated semi-final",
197
+ "refs": []
198
+ },
199
+ {
200
+ "sentence": "The semi-finalists are divided over a number of pots, based on historical voting patterns, with the purpose of reducing the chance of \"bloc voting\" and to increase suspense in the semi-finals",
201
+ "refs": []
202
+ },
203
+ {
204
+ "sentence": "The draw also determines which semi-final each of the automatic qualifiers\u00a0\u2013 host country Sweden and \"Big Five\" countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom)\u00a0\u2013 will vote in and be required to broadcast",
205
+ "refs": [
206
+ "https://esctoday.com/191959/eurovision-2024-malmo-to-invest-e-2-5-million-on-the-contest/"
207
+ ]
208
+ },
209
+ {
210
+ "sentence": "The ceremony is expected to be held in January 2024 and to include the passing of the host city insignia from the mayor (or equivalent role) of the previous host city to the one of the next host city \u00a0\u2013 i.e",
211
+ "refs": [
212
+ "https://eurovision.tv/about/in-depth/semi-final-allocation-draw/"
213
+ ]
214
+ },
215
+ {
216
+ "sentence": "from Andrew Lewis, chief executive of the Liverpool City Council, to Katrin Stjernfeldt Jammeh, commissioner of Malm\u00f6 Municipality.",
217
+ "refs": []
218
+ }
219
+ ],
220
+ "subsections": []
221
+ },
222
+ {
223
+ "section_title": "Proposed changes",
224
+ "section_content": [
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "A number of changes to the format of the contest have been proposed and/or considered for the 2024 edition",
227
+ "refs": []
228
+ },
229
+ {
230
+ "sentence": "The first discussions on the matter took place at the annual Eurovision Song Contest Workshop, held at the Meistersaal in Berlin, Germany, on 12 September 2023",
231
+ "refs": []
232
+ },
233
+ {
234
+ "sentence": "Decisions as to whether and what changes will be applied are up to the contest's reference group",
235
+ "refs": []
236
+ },
237
+ {
238
+ "sentence": "The rules of the 2024 contest were published on 1 November 2023; no notable changes were made compared to the previous edition",
239
+ "refs": [
240
+ "https://www.aftonbladet.se/a/4oG4p9",
241
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89i6_tSBC3c"
242
+ ]
243
+ }
244
+ ],
245
+ "subsections": [
246
+ {
247
+ "section_title": "Voting system and rules",
248
+ "section_content": [
249
+ {
250
+ "sentence": "After the outcome of the 2023 contest, which saw Sweden win despite Finland's lead in the televoting, sparked controversy among the audience, Norwegian broadcaster NRK started talks with the EBU regarding a potential revision of the jury voting procedure; it has been noted that Norwegian entries in recent years have also been penalised by the juries, particularly in 2019 and 2023, when the country finished in sixth and fifth place overall, respectively, despite coming first in 2019 and third in 2023 with the televote",
251
+ "refs": []
252
+ },
253
+ {
254
+ "sentence": "In an interview, the Norwegian head of delegation Stig Karlsen\u00a0 [no] discussed the idea of reducing the jury's weight on the final score from the current 49.4% to 40% or 30%",
255
+ "refs": [
256
+ "https://eurovision.tv/about/rules",
257
+ "https://www.tv2.no/underholdning/avslorer-nar-fremtiden-til-juryordningen-blir-avgjort/15818164/",
258
+ "https://www.nrk.no/kultur/eurovision-alessandra_-_-jeg-tenker-folk-bor-ha-mer-a-si-1.16409592"
259
+ ]
260
+ },
261
+ {
262
+ "sentence": "Any changes to the voting system are expected to be officially announced in January 2024",
263
+ "refs": [
264
+ "https://eurovisionfun.com/en/2023/09/eurovision-2024-did-stig-karlsen-succeed-in-reducing-the-power-of-juries/",
265
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89i6_tSBC3c",
266
+ "https://eurovoix.com/2023/07/19/eurovision-2024-norway-plans-to-propose-new-voting-system/"
267
+ ]
268
+ },
269
+ {
270
+ "sentence": "At the Edinburgh TV Festival in August 2023, the EBU's deputy director-general Jean-Philip de Tender discussed the possibility of banning AI-generated content from the contest in order to preserve human contribution, maintaining that \"creativity should come from humans and not from machines\"",
271
+ "refs": []
272
+ },
273
+ {
274
+ "sentence": "In late September 2023, Carolina Nor\u00e9n, Sveriges Radio's commentator for the contest, revealed that she had resumed talks with executive supervisor Martin \u00d6sterdahl concerning the qualification system; Nor\u00e9n suggested reviewing the rule whereby the \"Big Five\" countries directly qualify for the final, proposing to restrict it to only the previous winner and host country, and to require the \"Big Five\" to compete in the semi-finals",
275
+ "refs": []
276
+ }
277
+ ],
278
+ "subsections": []
279
+ },
280
+ {
281
+ "section_title": "Running time",
282
+ "section_content": [
283
+ {
284
+ "sentence": "Host broadcaster SVT is evaluating reducing the runtime of the final by approximately an hour, as it has significantly increased since the introduction of features such as the opening flag parade in 2013 and the split jury/televote system in 2016",
285
+ "refs": []
286
+ }
287
+ ],
288
+ "subsections": []
289
+ }
290
+ ]
291
+ }
292
+ ]
293
+ },
294
+ {
295
+ "section_title": "Broadcasts",
296
+ "section_content": [
297
+ {
298
+ "sentence": "All participating broadcasters may choose to have on-site or remote commentators providing insight and voting information to their local audience",
299
+ "refs": []
300
+ },
301
+ {
302
+ "sentence": "While they must broadcast at least the semi-final they are voting in and the final, most broadcasters air all three shows with different programming plans",
303
+ "refs": []
304
+ },
305
+ {
306
+ "sentence": "In addition, some non-participating broadcasters air the contest",
307
+ "refs": []
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "The Eurovision Song Contest YouTube channel provides international live streams with no commentary of all shows.",
311
+ "refs": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "sentence": "The following are the broadcasters that have confirmed in whole or in part their broadcasting plans:",
315
+ "refs": []
316
+ }
317
+ ],
318
+ "subsections": []
319
+ },
320
+ {
321
+ "section_title": "Notes",
322
+ "section_content": [],
323
+ "subsections": []
324
+ },
325
+ {
326
+ "section_title": "References",
327
+ "section_content": [],
328
+ "subsections": []
329
+ },
330
+ {
331
+ "section_title": "External links",
332
+ "section_content": [],
333
+ "subsections": []
334
+ }
335
+ ],
336
+ "references": {
337
+ "65": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
338
+ "1": "https://eurovision.tv/story/malmo-will-host-68th-eurovision-song-contest-may-2024",
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+ "2": "https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/melodifestivalen/a/pQOkGW/goteborg-och-ornskoldsvik-far-inte-eurovision",
340
+ "3": "https://www.esc-plus.com/eurovision-2024-last-day-to-submit-hosting-bids-for-swedish-cities/",
341
+ "4": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/06/10/eurovision-2024-gothenburg-prepares-bid-to-host/",
342
+ "5": "https://www.expressen.se/noje/stockholm-vill-ha-eurovision/",
343
+ "6": "https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/vasternorrland/ornskoldsvik-kommun-har-ansokt-om-att-fa-arrangera-eurovision",
344
+ "7": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/06/13/eurovision-2024-malmo-bid/",
345
+ "8": "https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/flera-i-kampen-att-fa-vara-vardstad-for-eurovision-kort-om-tid",
346
+ "9": "https://www.svt.se/kultur/fyra-stader-som-slass-om-eurovision-song-contest-2024",
347
+ "10": "https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/vast/politisk-majoritet-i-goteborg-vill-arrangera-eurovision-song-contest",
348
+ "11": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/06/08/eurovision-2024-sandviken-bid-to-host/",
349
+ "12": "https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/problemet-som-satte-stopp-for-eurovision-i-jonkoping",
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+ "13": "https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/melodifestivalen/a/pQOkGW/goteborg-och-ornskoldsvik-far-inte-eurovision",
351
+ "14": "https://www.svt.se/kultur/klart-var-eurovision-song-contest-2024-arrangeras",
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+ "15": "https://ekuriren.se/bli-prenumerant/artikel/r4047voj/ek-2m2kr_s_22",
353
+ "16": "https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/toppolitikern-oppnar-famnen-for-eurovision-2024-men-inte-planboken",
354
+ "17": "https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/got-event-satsar-for-att-anordna-eurovision-vill-valkomna-europa",
355
+ "18": "https://www.byggvarlden.se/har-uppfors-nya-scandinavium/",
356
+ "19": "https://gotevent.se/evenemang/the-world-of-hans-zimmer/",
357
+ "20": "https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/hon-vill-att-eurovision-arrangeras-i-jonkoping-stora-event-ar-vi-ju-vana-vid",
358
+ "21": "https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/jonkoping-med-i-striden-om-eurovision-viktigt-att-vi-vagar-sticka-ut",
359
+ "22": "https://www.sydsvenskan.se/2023-05-15/malmo-invantar-svt-om-esc-finalen-vi-vill-alltid-ha-stora-evenemang",
360
+ "23": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/05/15/malmo-prepared-to-bid-to-host-eurovision-2024/",
361
+ "24": "https://www.dagenssamhalle.se/offentlig-ekonomi/kommunal-ekonomi/norrlandskommunen-vill-ha-eurovision---skulle-ge-en-annan-bild-av-sverige/",
362
+ "25": "https://www.partilletidning.se/nyheter/partille-oppnar-for-eurovision-song-contest-2024-vi-kan-arrangera-finalen.a7fcd2b1-c4ad-418f-b401-6ec56ccc80d7",
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+ "27": "https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/gavleborg/sandvikens-kommun-vill-ta-eurovision-song-contest-till-goransson-arena",
365
+ "28": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/05/16/eurovision-2024-stockholm-friends-arena-venue/",
366
+ "29": "https://escxtra.com/2023/06/20/may-18th-ruled-possible-grand-final/",
367
+ "30": "https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/a/rlOxbe/taylor-swift-gor-en-extra-konsert-i-stockholm",
368
+ "31": "https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/a/dwaJLJ/uppgifter-stockholm-vill-bygga-ny-arena-for-eurovision",
369
+ "32": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/06/21/eurovision-2024-stockholms-bid-temporary-arena/",
370
+ "33": "https://www.dn.se/kultur/stockholm-vill-bygga-ny-arena-for-eurovision-nasta-ar/",
371
+ "34": "https://esctoday.com/191769/monaco-tvmonaco-launches-in-september-will-the-country-return-to-eurovision/",
372
+ "35": "https://ogaegreece.com/eurovision-news-swedish-production-begins-details-countries/",
373
+ "36": "https://eurovision.tv/story/united-by-music-permanent-slogan",
374
+ "37": "https://eurovisionfun.com/en/2023/11/ebus-statement-on-the-eurovision-2024-participating-countries-list/",
375
+ "38": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/08/30/\ud83c\udde6\ud83c\uddf1-albania-rtsh-confirms-eurovision-2024-participation/",
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+ "39": "https://eurovisionfun.com/en/2023/10/albania-the-potential-dates-of-festivali-i-kenges-62/",
377
+ "40": "https://www.kleinezeitung.at/kultur/6298497/Song-Contest_ORF-plant-auch-2024-keinen-ESCVorentscheid",
378
+ "41": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/10/03/orf-will-reveal-2024-artist-no-later-than-december/",
379
+ "42": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/07/14/azerbaijan-eurovision-2024-selection/",
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+ "43": "https://esctoday.com/191428/belgium-rtbf-confirms-participation-at-eurovision-2024/",
381
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+ "45": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/08/30/belgium-mustiis-eurovision-2024-song-revealed-february/",
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+ "46": "https://esctoday.com/191584/croatia-hrt-confirms-participation-at-eurovision-2024/",
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+ "47": "https://magazin.hrt.hr/zabava/hrt-otvoren-natjecaj-za-doru-2024-godine-11037075",
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+ "48": "https://www.escunited.com/cyprus-a-national-final-is-confirmed-for-eurovision-2024/",
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+ "49": "https://eurovision.tv/story/cyprus-silia-kapsis-joins-party",
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+ "50": "https://www.instagram.com/p/Cxn3vHuN2YM/",
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+ "51": "https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/porady/10000000484-eurovision-song-contest/13752-esc-2024/",
389
+ "52": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/11/13/escz-2024-final-on-december-4/",
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+ "53": "https://www.dr.dk/event/melodigrandprix/dr-chef-om-dansk-eurovision-fiasko-nej-vi-har-ikke-mistet-grebet",
391
+ "54": "https://esctoday.com/192013/denmark-dmgp-2024-date-host-city-and-venue-unveiled/",
392
+ "55": "https://menu.err.ee/1609026143/eesti-laul-labib-uuenduskuuri",
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+ "56": "https://www.escplus.es/eurovision/2023/estonia-arranca-la-busqueda-para-malmo-presentado-el-eesti-laul-2024-con-una-sola-semifinal-y-la-final-el-17-de-febrero/",
394
+ "57": "https://yle.fi/aihe/a/20-10004879",
395
+ "58": "https://www.escunited.com/umk-is-moving-cities-and-finland-are-looking-for-a-star-for-eurovision-2024/",
396
+ "59": "https://esctoday.com/191365/france-france-2-confirms-participation-at-eurovision-2024/",
397
+ "60": "https://eurovision.tv/story/slimane-will-represent-france-eurovision-2024",
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+ "61": "https://twitter.com/SlimaneOff/status/1722212873844478005",
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+ "62": "https://esctoday.com/191646/georgia-gpb-confirms-participation-at-eurovision-2024/",
400
+ "63": "https://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/musik-ard-haelt-an-esc-teilnahme-fest-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-230515-99-698691",
401
+ "64": "https://www.eurovision.de/teilnehmer/vorentscheid386_glossaryPage-25.html",
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+ "66": "https://eurovision.tv/story/das-deutsche-finale-2024-germanys-road-malmo",
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+ "67": "https://eurovisionfun.com/en/2023/09/greece-ert-has-confirmed-its-participation-in-eurovision-2024-exclusive/",
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+ "68": "https://eurovisionfun.com/en/2023/10/marinna-satti-will-represent-greece-in-eurovision-2024/",
405
+ "69": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/05/31/iceland-eurovision-2024-participation/",
406
+ "70": "https://www.ruv.is/english/2023-10-13-songvakeppnin-back-in-laugardalsholl-393969",
407
+ "71": "https://www.rte.ie/tv/programmes/1247211-submit-your-entry-to-the-eurovision-song-contest-2024/",
408
+ "72": "https://escxtra.com/2023/06/05/the-next-star-to-select-for-israel-2024",
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+ "73": "https://www.fanpage.it/spettacolo/eventi/claudio-fasulo-piu-eurovision-su-rai1-nel-2024-mengoni-e-la-bandiera-arcobaleno-non-lo-sapevamo/",
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+ "74": "https://www.eurofestivalnews.com/2023/07/10/sanremo-2024-regolamento-vincitore-eurovision/",
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+ "75": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/09/11/latvia-eurovision-2024/",
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+ "76": "https://esctoday.com/191538/lithuania-lrt-confirms-participation-at-eurovision-2024/",
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+ "77": "https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/tavo-lrt/15/2102826/prasideda-registracija-i-nacionaline-eurovizijos-atranka-paraisku-laukiama-iki-gruodzio-11-d",
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+ "78": "https://eurovision.tv/story/luxembourg-return-eurovision-2024",
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+ "79": "https://eurovision.tv/story/luxembourg-sets-january-date-televised-national-final",
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+ "80": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/04/15/malta-eurovision-song-contest-2024-songwriting-camp/",
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+ "81": "https://www.eurovision.pbs.mt/files/MJESC2024_REGULATIONS_SQUARE.pdf",
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+ "82": "https://www.escplus.es/eurovision/2023/moldavia-confirma-su-participacion-en-eurovision-2024/",
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+ "83": "https://eurovision.md/RegulamentEurovision2024.pdf",
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+ "85": "https://eurovoix.com/2023/11/15/netherlands-10-artists-eurovision-2024/",
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+ "title": "Fantastic_Beasts:_The_Secrets_of_Dumbledore",
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+ "sentence": "Unbeknownst to them, the Qilin had twins, the younger of which Newt saved.",
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+ "sentence": "Unable to battle Grindelwald due to a blood pact they formed, Albus Dumbledore recruits Newt, Newt's brother Theseus, Ilvermorny Charms teacher Lally Hicks, Senegalese-French wizard Yusuf Kama, American No-Maj Jacob Kowalski, and Newt's assistant Bunty to thwart Grindelwald's plan for world domination",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "They travel to Berlin, where Yusuf is planted as a spy in Grindelwald's inner circle",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Grindelwald has his convert, Queenie Goldstein, use legilimency to test Yusuf's trustworthiness",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The International Confederation of Wizards (ICW) acquits Grindelwald of all previous criminal charges, allowing him to run in the elections for Supreme Leader of the ICW, despite Dumbledore's attempts to otherwise persuade current Leader Anton Vogel.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Meanwhile, Grindelwald's acolytes, who have undermined the German Ministry of Magic, arrest Theseus and plot to assassinate the Brazilian candidate, Vic\u00eancia Santos",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Dumbledore dispatches Newt to the Erkstag, the secret German wizarding prison where Theseus is held",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Lally and Jacob escape after successfully preventing the assassination, but Jacob is framed for attempting to murder Grindelwald, who then justifies suppressing all Muggles",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Meanwhile, Credence battles Albus Dumbledore, who quickly defeats him",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Credence learns he is the illegitimate son of Aberforth Dumbledore, Albus Dumbledore's brother, and questions his loyalty to Grindelwald",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Elsewhere, Newt and Theseus escape the Erkstag and use a Portkey to transport to Hogwarts.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Wizarding world leaders gather in Bhutan for the Walk of the Qilin ritual, at which a Qilin will select a worthy new Supreme Leader",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Using necromancy, Grindelwald reanimates the dead Qilin and, knowing Dumbledore and Newt will bring the surviving twin Qilin to the ritual, gives Credence a last chance to redeem himself",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "To thwart Grindelwald's cohorts, each Dumbledore ally carries an identical suitcase with only one containing the Qilin.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The team arrive in Bhutan and are immediately confronted by Grindelwald's acolytes",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Queenie renounces Grindelwald and reunites with Jacob, but they are caught",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The manipulated dead Qilin chooses Grindelwald during the Supreme Leader selection ceremony",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He immediately declares war on all Muggles and tortures Jacob with the cruciatus curse until Santos intervenes",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Credence, Newt, and Bunty expose Grindelwald",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Bunty, who has the real suitcase, produces the surviving Qilin, which passes by Grindelwald and Vogel and bows to Dumbledore",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Shocked, Dumbledore thanks the Qilin for the honor but convinces it that there is another equally worthy",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Qilin goes on to bow to Santos, who is chosen as the new Supreme Leader",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Enraged, Grindelwald tries to kill Credence who is simultaneously protected by Aberforth and Albus",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Dumbledore's and Grindelwald's clashing spells break the blood pact",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Their ensuing battle reaches a stalemate, and Grindelwald disapparates.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In the aftermath, Aberforth accepts the ailing Credence as his son and takes him home",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Jacob and Queenie marry at Jacob's bakery, with most of the team and Tina Goldstein in attendance",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Newt spots Dumbledore watching from across the street",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Dumbledore thanks Newt before disappearing into the night.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Cast",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Other cast members include Richard Coyle as Aberforth Dumbledore: Albus Dumbledore's younger brother, owner of the Hog's Head inn, and Credence's biological father; Oliver Masucci as Anton Vogel: The current Supreme Leader of the International Confederation of Wizards (ICW) and Minister of Magic for Germany; Maria Fernanda C\u00e2ndido as Vic\u00eancia Santos: Candidate for the post of Supreme Head of the ICW and Minister of Magic for Brazil; and Dave Wong as Liu Tao, Candidate for the post of Supreme Head of the ICW and Minister of Magic for China.",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.mugglenet.com/2021/02/oliver-masucci-joins-fantastic-beasts-3-cast-as-head-of-the-international-confederation-of-wizards/",
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+ "https://www.imdb.com/filmosearch?role=nm0194655&job_type=actress",
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+ "https://www.omelete.com.br/harry-potter/animais-fantasticos-maria-fernanda-candido"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Additionally, Aleksandr Kuznetsov appears as Helmut, an Auror of the German Ministry of Magic, while Valerie Pachner appears as Henrietta Fischer, secretary for the German Ministry of Magic",
161
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The minor cast also includes Maja Bloom as Carrow, Paul Low-Hang as Zabini, Ramona Kunze-Libnow as Edith, Matthias Brenner as Otto, Peter Simonischek as Warder, Wilf Scolding as Workman, Jeremy Azis as German Muggle 24, Ramona Kunze-Libnow as Edith, Lucas Englander as Horst, Emilia Karlsson as Ministry Guest, Jan Pohl as Ministry Official, Sean Talo as Ministry Wizard, Jacqueline Boatswain as Ida Webb, Kazeem Tosin Amore as Workman 2, Manuel Klain as Tall Auror, Noor Dillan-Night as Workman, Stefan Race as Karl, David Bertrand as Victor, Jessica Cartledge as Redheaded Ravenclaw, Radha Sthanakiya as Tiny Witch 1, Isabelle Coverdale as Tiny Witch 2, and D\u00f3nal Finn as Albert",
165
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Hebe Beardsall reprises her role as Ariana Dumbledore from Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 (2011) in a brief, uncredited appearance, seen in a magical painting",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Production",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Development",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
182
+ "sentence": "In October 2014, Warner Bros",
183
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
186
+ "sentence": "Pictures announced the film as \"at least\" a trilogy with the third instalment to be released on 20 November 2020",
187
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
190
+ "sentence": "In July 2016, director David Yates confirmed that J",
191
+ "refs": [
192
+ "http://www.hypable.com/2014/10/15/fantastic-beasts-director-david-yates/",
193
+ "http://deadline.com/2014/10/kevin-tsujihara-time-warner-investor-day-warner-bros-ceo-presentation-851823/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "K",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
201
+ "sentence": "Rowling had ideas for the third film's screenplay",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
204
+ {
205
+ "sentence": "In October 2016, it was reported that the Fantastic Beasts film series would comprise five films, and Eddie Redmayne would be returning to all films to play the lead role of Newt Scamander, with producers Rowling, David Heyman, Steve Kloves, and Lionel Wigram",
206
+ "refs": [
207
+ "https://screenrant.com/fantastic-beasts-movie-sequel-script/"
208
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In November 2016, Yates revealed that he would be directing all five films, stating \"I love making films, and I've got a great team, all of whom are like family.\"",
212
+ "refs": [
213
+ "https://variety.com/2016/film/news/fantastic-beasts-and-where-to-find-them-five-movies-1201888226/",
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+ "http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/fantastic-beasts-david-yates-says-hes-directing-all-five-films-946671"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In October 2018, Johnny Depp hinted that he might return to portray Gellert Grindelwald for the third film, which would start filming in mid-2019",
219
+ "refs": []
220
+ },
221
+ {
222
+ "sentence": "On 7 February 2019, it was revealed the film would be set in the 1930s, with the story leading up to the Wizarding World's involvement in World War II and exploring the magical communities in Bhutan, Germany and China in addition to previously established locations including the United States and United Kingdom",
223
+ "refs": []
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+ },
225
+ {
226
+ "sentence": "In November 2019, Warner Bros",
227
+ "refs": [
228
+ "https://www.heyuguys.com/dan-fogler-interview-the-walking-dead-fantastic-beasts-3/",
229
+ "https://deadline.com/2021/10/fantastic-beasts-3-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-elvis-dc-warner-bros-cineeurope-1234851492/"
230
+ ]
231
+ },
232
+ {
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+ "sentence": "put out a press release announcing the film's location of Brazil, a spring 2020 start of production, and that Steve Kloves, who had previously served as screenwriter on the Harry Potter films, had joined the project as co-writer",
234
+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
240
+ "section_title": "Casting",
241
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
243
+ "sentence": "In March 2020, Jude Law, Johnny Depp, Ezra Miller, Alison Sudol, Dan Fogler, Callum Turner, Katherine Waterston, Claudia Kim and Jessica Williams were revealed to be reprising their roles from previous films, alongside Eddie Redmayne",
244
+ "refs": [
245
+ "https://www.mugglenet.com/2021/10/spoiler-this-fantastic-beasts-character-isnt-in-secrets-of-dumbledore-at-all/"
246
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Kevin Guthrie, who played Abernathy in the first two instalments, was set to return but was fired before production began due to his trial and eventual conviction in a sexual assault case",
250
+ "refs": [
251
+ "https://deadline.com/2020/03/fantastic-beasts-3-king-richard-warner-bros-movie-productions-halt-coronavirus-1202884003/"
252
+ ]
253
+ },
254
+ {
255
+ "sentence": "In November 2020, Depp announced he would not reprise his role as Grindelwald after being asked by Warner Bros",
256
+ "refs": [
257
+ "https://fantasticbeastsmovies.com/media/2020/03/28/kevin-guthrie/",
258
+ "https://www.thewrap.com/kevin-guthrie-fantastic-beasts-jailed-sexual-assault-3-year/"
259
+ ]
260
+ },
261
+ {
262
+ "sentence": "to resign due to negative publicity resulting from the libel case Depp v News Group Newspapers Ltd",
263
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
266
+ "sentence": "Depp shot only three scenes in London after production began in September 2020, and his contract stipulated that he be paid regardless of whether the film was completed or not",
267
+ "refs": [
268
+ "https://variety.com/2020/film/news/johnny-depp-exhits-fantastic-beasts-franchise-1234824564/"
269
+ ]
270
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Depp's salary was reportedly somewhere between $10\u201316\u00a0million",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/behind-warner-bros-decision-to-sever-ties-with-johnny-depp"
275
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On 25 November, Warner Bros",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/hes-radioactive-inside-johnny-depps-self-made-implosion"
281
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
284
+ "sentence": "announced that Mads Mikkelsen would replace Depp in the role of Grindelwald",
285
+ "refs": []
286
+ },
287
+ {
288
+ "sentence": "Mikkelsen opted not to emulate Depp's performance, stating in an interview that it would be \"creative suicide\", but acknowledged that there still needed to be \"some sort of bridge between what came before.\"",
289
+ "refs": [
290
+ "https://www.indiewire.com/2020/11/mads-mikkelsen-replace-johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-3-1234598075/",
291
+ "https://variety.com/2020/film/news/johnny-depp-exhits-fantastic-beasts-franchise-1234824564/",
292
+ "https://elpais.com/icon/2022-04-02/mads-mikkelsen-al-rescate-de-harry-potter-tome-el-relevo-de-johnny-depp-porque-era-una-emergencia-pero-dude.html",
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+ "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/mads-mikkelsen-interview-fantastic-beasts-johnny-depp-jk-rowling-1235129001/"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
299
+ {
300
+ "section_title": "Filming",
301
+ "section_content": [
302
+ {
303
+ "sentence": "Principal photography was scheduled to begin on 16 March 2020 but was postponed on that very day due to the COVID-19 pandemic",
304
+ "refs": []
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+ },
306
+ {
307
+ "sentence": "Filming officially commenced in London on 20 September, with safety precautions in place to keep the cast and crew safe from COVID-19",
308
+ "refs": [
309
+ "https://deadline.com/2020/03/fantastic-beasts-3-king-richard-warner-bros-movie-productions-halt-coronavirus-1202884003/",
310
+ "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/behind-warner-bros-decision-to-sever-ties-with-johnny-depp"
311
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
314
+ "sentence": "On 3 February 2021, filming at Warner Bros",
315
+ "refs": [
316
+ "https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2555115/eddie-redmayne-confirms-fantastic-beasts-3-filming-has-resumed-and-describes-the-new-normal-on-set"
317
+ ]
318
+ },
319
+ {
320
+ "sentence": "Studios, Leavesden in the UK was halted after a crew member tested positive for COVID-19",
321
+ "refs": []
322
+ },
323
+ {
324
+ "sentence": "Composer James Newton Howard confirmed later that month that production had wrapped filming",
325
+ "refs": [
326
+ "https://deadline.com/2021/02/fantastic-beasts-3-pauses-uk-production-positive-covid-test-1234687188/",
327
+ "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/fantastic-beasts-3-suspends-filming-positive-covid-test",
328
+ "https://variety.com/2021/film/global/fantastic-beasts-3-suspended-covid-1234900398/"
329
+ ]
330
+ },
331
+ {
332
+ "sentence": "Although the film is partially set in Berlin and Bhutan, it was not filmed on location",
333
+ "refs": [
334
+ "https://deadline.com/2021/02/news-of-the-world-composer-james-newton-howard-universal-pictures-interview-news-1234699898/"
335
+ ]
336
+ },
337
+ {
338
+ "sentence": "These areas were reimagined and reconstructed on the vast backlot and sound stages of Warner Bros",
339
+ "refs": []
340
+ },
341
+ {
342
+ "sentence": "Studios, Leavesden",
343
+ "refs": []
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+ }
345
+ ],
346
+ "subsections": []
347
+ }
348
+ ]
349
+ },
350
+ {
351
+ "section_title": "Marketing",
352
+ "section_content": [
353
+ {
354
+ "sentence": "The film marketing campaign began in September 2021, the same day the title was announced as Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore",
355
+ "refs": []
356
+ },
357
+ {
358
+ "sentence": "On 10 December 2021, a sizzle reel promo was released by Warner Bros",
359
+ "refs": [
360
+ "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-dumbledore-release-date-1235018522/"
361
+ ]
362
+ },
363
+ {
364
+ "sentence": "Pictures to celebrate the Wizarding World's twentieth anniversary, showing clips from previous films and events of the franchise and ending with a quick teaser for the film, while also announcing that a full trailer would be released the following Monday",
365
+ "refs": []
366
+ },
367
+ {
368
+ "sentence": "The film's official trailer was officially released on 13 December 2021, with a teaser poster being released the following week",
369
+ "refs": [
370
+ "https://epicstream.com/article/fantastic-beasts-3-full-trailer-coming-this-monday"
371
+ ]
372
+ },
373
+ {
374
+ "sentence": "On 22 February 2022, 18 posters featuring characters from the film were released online",
375
+ "refs": [
376
+ "https://www.wizardingworld.com/news/watch-the-first-trailer-for-fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore",
377
+ "https://comicbook.com/movies/news/new-fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-poster-released/"
378
+ ]
379
+ },
380
+ {
381
+ "sentence": "A second trailer was announced to be released on Thursday, 24 February 2022 by actor Jude Law through the film's social media, but was later delayed",
382
+ "refs": [
383
+ "https://www.wizardingworld.com/news/fantastic-beasts-secrets-of-dumbledore-posters"
384
+ ]
385
+ },
386
+ {
387
+ "sentence": "The trailer was eventually released on 28 February, along with the official poster for the film",
388
+ "refs": [
389
+ "https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/trailers/a39162269/fantastic-beasts-3-trailer-2-secrets-of-dumbledore/"
390
+ ]
391
+ },
392
+ {
393
+ "sentence": "The official hardcover screenplay was scheduled to be released on 19 July 2022, three months after the film's theatrical release",
394
+ "refs": [
395
+ "https://www.thewrap.com/fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-of-dumbledore-trailer-new-grindelwald/",
396
+ "https://twitter.com/FantasticBeasts/status/1498308257164709888"
397
+ ]
398
+ },
399
+ {
400
+ "sentence": "Warner Bros spent over $21 million in television advertisement and promotion merchandise, with the film generating over 958 million impressions on airing channels NBC, ABC, TBS, CBS, and SyFy during the March Madness, Winter Olympics, NBA games and other sports and events",
401
+ "refs": []
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+ },
403
+ {
404
+ "sentence": "The film was one of the many merchandise that includes Warner Bros",
405
+ "refs": []
406
+ },
407
+ {
408
+ "sentence": "Consumer Products's limited edition art prints from MinaLina calling Harry Potter: The Exhibition, Insight Editions' Fantastic Beasts: Secrets of Dumbledore: Movie Magic, Wizarding World's Niffler Figure with 1 card, Hot Topic's casual clothes and t-shirts, LeSportsac's bag and accessories, Build-A-Bear Workshop's character plushy that includes Niffler, Bowtruckle and more, and Funko Pop's action figure out of characters based on the film",
409
+ "refs": []
410
+ },
411
+ {
412
+ "sentence": "Warner's international YouTube channels received 125.1 million views from Indonesia, Brazil, Ireland, UK, Spain and more countries for the film's promotional material, and was one of the strong viral reposting rates with 18:1",
413
+ "refs": [
414
+ "https://thepopinsider.com/news/the-secrets-of-dumbledore-merch-lineup/"
415
+ ]
416
+ }
417
+ ],
418
+ "subsections": []
419
+ },
420
+ {
421
+ "section_title": "Release",
422
+ "section_content": [],
423
+ "subsections": [
424
+ {
425
+ "section_title": "Theatrical",
426
+ "section_content": [
427
+ {
428
+ "sentence": "Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore premiered at the Royal Festival Hall in London on 29 March 2022",
429
+ "refs": []
430
+ },
431
+ {
432
+ "sentence": "It was first released to cinemas in Belgium and the Netherlands on 6 April 2022, followed by other European countries, Australia, China, and Japan through 8 April, the United States and Argentina on 15 April, and the Philippines on 16 April",
433
+ "refs": [
434
+ "https://twitter.com/BeastsMovieUK/status/1499067016577052674",
435
+ "https://www.mugglenet.com/2022/03/magic-at-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-world-premiere/",
436
+ "https://deadline.com/2022/04/fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-china-international-box-office-preview-1234995958/"
437
+ ]
438
+ },
439
+ {
440
+ "sentence": "In the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and Lebanon, the film was released on 28 April 2022",
441
+ "refs": []
442
+ },
443
+ {
444
+ "sentence": "The Secrets of Dumbledore was made available to stream on HBO Max on 30 May 2022",
445
+ "refs": []
446
+ },
447
+ {
448
+ "sentence": "The film was initially scheduled to be released on 12 November 2021, but following Depp's departure, his role's recasting with Mikkelsen and the COVID-19 pandemic, Warner Bros",
449
+ "refs": [
450
+ "https://www.thewrap.com/third-fantastic-beasts-movie-to-open-november-2021/"
451
+ ]
452
+ },
453
+ {
454
+ "sentence": "shifted the release to 15 July 2022",
455
+ "refs": []
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "sentence": "In September 2021, the film's release was pushed forward three months early to 15 April 2022",
459
+ "refs": [
460
+ "https://variety.com/2020/film/news/fantastic-beasts-3-release-date-delayed-1234824604/",
461
+ "https://variety.com/2020/film/news/fantastic-beasts-3-new-release-date-1234826322/"
462
+ ]
463
+ },
464
+ {
465
+ "sentence": "It was later announced that the film would be released a week earlier in the United Kingdom and Ireland on 8 April 2022",
466
+ "refs": [
467
+ "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-dumbledore-release-date-1235018522/"
468
+ ]
469
+ }
470
+ ],
471
+ "subsections": []
472
+ },
473
+ {
474
+ "section_title": "Home media",
475
+ "section_content": [
476
+ {
477
+ "sentence": "Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore was released for digital download on 30 May 2022, and on Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray and DVD on 28 June 2022",
478
+ "refs": []
479
+ },
480
+ {
481
+ "sentence": "Over its first month of streaming in HBO Max, the film was streamed in an estimated eight million households",
482
+ "refs": [
483
+ "https://collider.com/fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-digital-4k-blu-ray-dvd-release-dates/"
484
+ ]
485
+ }
486
+ ],
487
+ "subsections": []
488
+ }
489
+ ]
490
+ },
491
+ {
492
+ "section_title": "Reception",
493
+ "section_content": [],
494
+ "subsections": [
495
+ {
496
+ "section_title": "Box office",
497
+ "section_content": [
498
+ {
499
+ "sentence": "Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore grossed $95.9\u00a0million in the United States and Canada, and $311.3\u00a0million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $407.2\u00a0million",
500
+ "refs": []
501
+ },
502
+ {
503
+ "sentence": "In the United States and Canada, Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore was projected to gross around $40 million from 4,200 theatres in its opening weekend",
504
+ "refs": []
505
+ },
506
+ {
507
+ "sentence": "The film made $20 million on its first day, including $6 million on the Thursday night previews",
508
+ "refs": [
509
+ "https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/box-office-fantastic-beasts-3-opening-weekend-prediction-1235231886/",
510
+ "https://www.boxofficepro.com/long-range-box-office-forecast-fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-and-father-stu/"
511
+ ]
512
+ },
513
+ {
514
+ "sentence": "It went on to debut to $42.2 million, topping the box office but marking the lowest opening of the Wizarding World franchise",
515
+ "refs": [
516
+ "https://variety.com/2022/film/news/box-office-fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-of-dumbledore-jk-rowling-thursday-previews-1235233379/amp/",
517
+ "https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/2022W15/"
518
+ ]
519
+ },
520
+ {
521
+ "sentence": "Women over 25 (38%) were the largest demographic, followed by men over 25 (33%)",
522
+ "refs": []
523
+ },
524
+ {
525
+ "sentence": "The film grossed $14 million in its second weekend, dropping 67% and finishing in third place, marking the second-worst second weekend drop for the Wizarding World franchise after Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows \u2013 Part 2 saw a 72% second weekend drop in 2011",
526
+ "refs": [
527
+ "https://deadline.com/2022/04/box-office-fantastic-beasts-3-1235002928/",
528
+ "https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/2022W16/"
529
+ ]
530
+ },
531
+ {
532
+ "sentence": "Outside the U.S",
533
+ "refs": []
534
+ },
535
+ {
536
+ "sentence": "and Canada, the film earned $56.9 million from 22 international markets in its opening weekend",
537
+ "refs": []
538
+ },
539
+ {
540
+ "sentence": "In Germany, the film's $9.2 million debut was the best opening for Warner Bros",
541
+ "refs": []
542
+ },
543
+ {
544
+ "sentence": "since 2019's Joker",
545
+ "refs": []
546
+ },
547
+ {
548
+ "sentence": "The film made $71.7 million in its second weekend",
549
+ "refs": [
550
+ "https://deadline.com/2022/04/fantastic-beasts-secrets-of-dumbledore-rrr-morbius-sonic-the-hedgehog-2-batman-global-international-box-office-1234998767/"
551
+ ]
552
+ },
553
+ {
554
+ "sentence": "This included openings of $7.1 million in both France and Mexico, the latter of which was the second-biggest opening for Warner Bros",
555
+ "refs": []
556
+ },
557
+ {
558
+ "sentence": "during the pandemic",
559
+ "refs": []
560
+ },
561
+ {
562
+ "sentence": "It added $38.3 million in its third international weekend, crossing the $200 million worldwide mark",
563
+ "refs": [
564
+ "https://deadline.com/2022/04/fantastic-beasts-sonic-kgf-yash-india-china-global-international-box-office-1235004648/"
565
+ ]
566
+ },
567
+ {
568
+ "sentence": "It crossed the $300 million mark in its fourth weekend",
569
+ "refs": [
570
+ "https://deadline.com/2022/04/fantastic-beasts-secrets-of-dumbledore-sonic-the-hedgehog-2-lost-city-kgf-china-global-international-box-office-1235008855/"
571
+ ]
572
+ }
573
+ ],
574
+ "subsections": []
575
+ },
576
+ {
577
+ "section_title": "Critical response",
578
+ "section_content": [
579
+ {
580
+ "sentence": "On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 46% based on 241 reviews, with an average rating of 5.4/10",
581
+ "refs": []
582
+ },
583
+ {
584
+ "sentence": "The website's critics consensus states: \"Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore avoids some of the pitfalls that plagued its predecessor, but lacks much of the magic that drew audiences into the Wizarding World many movies ago.\" Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 47 out of 100 based on 49 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\" and marking the lowest score on the site for a Wizarding World film",
585
+ "refs": [
586
+ "https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/fantastic_beasts_the_secrets_of_dumbledore",
587
+ "https://www.metacritic.com/movie/fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore"
588
+ ]
589
+ },
590
+ {
591
+ "sentence": "Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"B+\" on an A+ to F scale, tied for the lowest of the franchise with The Crimes of Grindelwald, while those at PostTrak gave it an 81% positive score, with 63% saying they would definitely recommend it",
592
+ "refs": [
593
+ "https://www.metacritic.com/person/jk-rowling?filter-options=movies"
594
+ ]
595
+ },
596
+ {
597
+ "sentence": "A particular focus of praise from some reviews was that Mads Mikkelsen outperformed Johnny Depp in the role of Grindelwald",
598
+ "refs": []
599
+ }
600
+ ],
601
+ "subsections": []
602
+ },
603
+ {
604
+ "section_title": "Accolades",
605
+ "section_content": [
606
+ {
607
+ "sentence": "The film was nominated for Best Fantasy Film at the 47th Saturn Awards and for two awards including Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Feature at the 21st Visual Effects Society Awards",
608
+ "refs": [
609
+ "https://deadline.com/2022/08/saturn-awards-2022-nominations-list-movies-tv-1235089636/"
610
+ ]
611
+ }
612
+ ],
613
+ "subsections": []
614
+ }
615
+ ]
616
+ },
617
+ {
618
+ "section_title": "Future",
619
+ "section_content": [
620
+ {
621
+ "sentence": "The Fantastic Beasts film series was initially speculated to be a trilogy, but in October 2016, Rowling announced that the series would be composed of five films, later confirming that the story of the series would consist of a sequence of events that occurred between the years of 1926 and 1945",
622
+ "refs": [
623
+ "https://variety.com/2016/film/news/fantastic-beasts-and-where-to-find-them-five-movies-1201888226/"
624
+ ]
625
+ },
626
+ {
627
+ "sentence": "In February 2022, producer David Heyman revealed that work on the script for Fantastic Beasts 4 had not yet begun",
628
+ "refs": [
629
+ "https://www.inverse.com/article/24129-fantastic-beasts-timeline-confirmed-jk-rowling-grindelwald-dumbledore"
630
+ ]
631
+ },
632
+ {
633
+ "sentence": "In April 2022, Variety reported that Warner Bros",
634
+ "refs": [
635
+ "https://screenrant.com/fantastic-beasts-4-script-status-update-not-started/"
636
+ ]
637
+ },
638
+ {
639
+ "sentence": "greenlighting the final two instalments would be dependent on the critical and commercial performance of The Secrets of Dumbledore",
640
+ "refs": []
641
+ },
642
+ {
643
+ "sentence": "Mads Mikkelsen believed that Johnny Depp could return as Grindelwald in another film",
644
+ "refs": [
645
+ "https://variety.com/2022/film/news/fantastic-beasts-franchise-controversies-harry-potter-jk-rowling-johnny-depp-1235226541/",
646
+ "https://www.tomatazos.com/noticias/640320/Animales-Fantasticos-Warner-Bros-podria-terminar-la-saga-con-la-tercera-pelicula"
647
+ ]
648
+ },
649
+ {
650
+ "sentence": "In November 2022, Variety reported that Warner Bros",
651
+ "refs": []
652
+ },
653
+ {
654
+ "sentence": "Discovery was not actively planning to continue the film series or to develop any films related to the Wizarding World franchise",
655
+ "refs": []
656
+ },
657
+ {
658
+ "sentence": "In October 2023, Yates spoke to Inside Total Film podcast about the future of the Fantastic Beasts films: \"I'm sure at some point, we'll be back",
659
+ "refs": [
660
+ "https://comicbook.com/movies/news/fantastic-beasts-sequels-harry-potter-movies-dead-warner-bros-discovery/"
661
+ ]
662
+ },
663
+ {
664
+ "sentence": "But yeah, I haven't spoken to Jo, I haven't spoken to [producer] David Heyman, I haven't spoken to Warner Bros; we're just taking a pause",
665
+ "refs": []
666
+ },
667
+ {
668
+ "sentence": "It's quite nice.\"",
669
+ "refs": [
670
+ "https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/harry-potter-fantastic-beasts-jk-rowling-b2438077.html",
671
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/oct/27/fantastic-beasts-jk-rowling-franchise-has-been-parked-director-says"
672
+ ]
673
+ }
674
+ ],
675
+ "subsections": []
676
+ },
677
+ {
678
+ "section_title": "References",
679
+ "section_content": [],
680
+ "subsections": []
681
+ },
682
+ {
683
+ "section_title": "External links",
684
+ "section_content": [],
685
+ "subsections": []
686
+ }
687
+ ],
688
+ "references": {
689
+ "1": "http://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/8753ADF60036DC65",
690
+ "2": "https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/box-office-fantastic-beasts-3-international-opening-1235229326/",
691
+ "3": "https://www.boxofficemojo.com/title/tt4123432/",
692
+ "4": "https://variety.com/2019/film/news/fantastic-beasts-4-resumes-production-warner-bros-1203391950/",
693
+ "5": "https://variety.com/2020/film/news/fantastic-beasts-3-production-postponed-coronavirus-1203535480/",
694
+ "6": "https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2555115/eddie-redmayne-confirms-fantastic-beasts-3-filming-has-resumed-and-describes-the-new-normal-on-set",
695
+ "7": "https://www.radiotimes.com/news/film/2018-02-06/fantastic-beasts-newest-star-victoria-yeates-on-working-with-her-role-model-jk-rowling/",
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+ "8": "https://www.indiewire.com/2020/11/mads-mikkelsen-replace-johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-3-1234598075/",
697
+ "9": "https://fantasticbeasts.com/?synopsis/",
698
+ "10": "https://collider.com/fantastic-beasts-3-mads-mikkelsen-johnny-depp-comments/",
699
+ "11": "https://www.cinemablend.com/news/2566803/fantastic-beast-3s-mads-mikkelsen-compared-his-grindelwald-to-johnny-depps",
700
+ "12": "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/mads-mikkelsen-interview-fantastic-beasts-johnny-depp-jk-rowling-1235129001/",
701
+ "13": "https://www.mugglenet.com/2021/02/oliver-masucci-joins-fantastic-beasts-3-cast-as-head-of-the-international-confederation-of-wizards/",
702
+ "14": "https://www.imdb.com/filmosearch?role=nm0194655&job_type=actress",
703
+ "15": "https://www.omelete.com.br/harry-potter/animais-fantasticos-maria-fernanda-candido",
704
+ "16": "https://screenrant.com/fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-dumbledore-movie-posters-grindelwald/",
705
+ "17": "http://www.hypable.com/2014/10/15/fantastic-beasts-director-david-yates/",
706
+ "18": "http://deadline.com/2014/10/kevin-tsujihara-time-warner-investor-day-warner-bros-ceo-presentation-851823/",
707
+ "19": "https://screenrant.com/fantastic-beasts-movie-sequel-script/",
708
+ "20": "https://variety.com/2016/film/news/fantastic-beasts-and-where-to-find-them-five-movies-1201888226/",
709
+ "21": "http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/fantastic-beasts-david-yates-says-hes-directing-all-five-films-946671",
710
+ "22": "http://collider.com/johnny-depp-interview-fantastic-beasts-2/#tim-burton",
711
+ "23": "https://www.heyuguys.com/dan-fogler-interview-the-walking-dead-fantastic-beasts-3/",
712
+ "24": "https://deadline.com/2021/10/fantastic-beasts-3-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-elvis-dc-warner-bros-cineeurope-1234851492/",
713
+ "25": "https://deadline.com/2019/11/fantastic-beasts-3-jessica-williams-rio-de-janeiro-brazil-1202777066/",
714
+ "26": "https://directories.wga.org/project/1202645/fantastic-beasts-and-where-to-find-them-part-3/",
715
+ "27": "https://www.mugglenet.com/2021/10/spoiler-this-fantastic-beasts-character-isnt-in-secrets-of-dumbledore-at-all/",
716
+ "28": "https://deadline.com/2020/03/fantastic-beasts-3-king-richard-warner-bros-movie-productions-halt-coronavirus-1202884003/",
717
+ "29": "https://fantasticbeastsmovies.com/media/2020/03/28/kevin-guthrie/",
718
+ "30": "https://www.thewrap.com/kevin-guthrie-fantastic-beasts-jailed-sexual-assault-3-year/",
719
+ "31": "https://variety.com/2020/film/news/johnny-depp-exhits-fantastic-beasts-franchise-1234824564/",
720
+ "32": "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/behind-warner-bros-decision-to-sever-ties-with-johnny-depp",
721
+ "33": "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/hes-radioactive-inside-johnny-depps-self-made-implosion",
722
+ "34": "https://variety.com/2020/film/news/johnny-depp-exhits-fantastic-beasts-franchise-1234824564/",
723
+ "35": "https://elpais.com/icon/2022-04-02/mads-mikkelsen-al-rescate-de-harry-potter-tome-el-relevo-de-johnny-depp-porque-era-una-emergencia-pero-dude.html",
724
+ "36": "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-features/mads-mikkelsen-interview-fantastic-beasts-johnny-depp-jk-rowling-1235129001/",
725
+ "37": "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/behind-warner-bros-decision-to-sever-ties-with-johnny-depp",
726
+ "38": "https://deadline.com/2021/02/fantastic-beasts-3-pauses-uk-production-positive-covid-test-1234687188/",
727
+ "39": "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/fantastic-beasts-3-suspends-filming-positive-covid-test",
728
+ "40": "https://variety.com/2021/film/global/fantastic-beasts-3-suspended-covid-1234900398/",
729
+ "41": "https://deadline.com/2021/02/news-of-the-world-composer-james-newton-howard-universal-pictures-interview-news-1234699898/",
730
+ "42": "https://screenrant.com/where-was-fantastic-beasts-secrets-dumbledore-movie-filmed/",
731
+ "43": "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-dumbledore-release-date-1235018522/",
732
+ "44": "https://epicstream.com/article/fantastic-beasts-3-full-trailer-coming-this-monday",
733
+ "45": "https://www.wizardingworld.com/news/watch-the-first-trailer-for-fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore",
734
+ "46": "https://comicbook.com/movies/news/new-fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-poster-released/",
735
+ "47": "https://www.wizardingworld.com/news/fantastic-beasts-secrets-of-dumbledore-posters",
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+ "48": "https://www.digitalspy.com/movies/trailers/a39162269/fantastic-beasts-3-trailer-2-secrets-of-dumbledore/",
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+ "49": "https://www.thewrap.com/fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-of-dumbledore-trailer-new-grindelwald/",
738
+ "50": "https://twitter.com/FantasticBeasts/status/1498308257164709888",
739
+ "51": "https://www.therowlinglibrary.com/2022/02/28/fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-original-screenplay-to-be-published-on-july-19-2022/",
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+ "52": "https://thepopinsider.com/news/the-secrets-of-dumbledore-merch-lineup/",
741
+ "53": "https://deadline.com/2022/04/box-office-fantastic-beasts-3-1235002928/",
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+ "54": "https://twitter.com/BeastsMovieUK/status/1499067016577052674",
743
+ "55": "https://www.mugglenet.com/2022/03/magic-at-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-world-premiere/",
744
+ "56": "https://deadline.com/2022/04/fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-china-international-box-office-preview-1234995958/",
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+ "57": "https://www.thewrap.com/fantastic-beasts-3-release-date-hbo-max-may-2022/",
746
+ "58": "https://www.thewrap.com/third-fantastic-beasts-movie-to-open-november-2021/",
747
+ "59": "https://variety.com/2020/film/news/fantastic-beasts-3-release-date-delayed-1234824604/",
748
+ "60": "https://variety.com/2020/film/news/fantastic-beasts-3-new-release-date-1234826322/",
749
+ "61": "https://twitter.com/BeastsMovieUK/status/1443147641274109952",
750
+ "62": "https://collider.com/fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-digital-4k-blu-ray-dvd-release-dates/",
751
+ "63": "https://deadline.com/2022/11/dont-worry-darling-harry-styles-hbo-max-viewership-1235173258/",
752
+ "64": "https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Fantastic-Beasts-The-Secrets-of-Dumbledore-(2021)",
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+ "65": "https://variety.com/2022/film/box-office/box-office-fantastic-beasts-3-opening-weekend-prediction-1235231886/",
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+ "66": "https://www.boxofficepro.com/long-range-box-office-forecast-fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore-and-father-stu/",
755
+ "67": "https://variety.com/2022/film/news/box-office-fantastic-beasts-3-secrets-of-dumbledore-jk-rowling-thursday-previews-1235233379/amp/",
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+ "68": "https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/2022W15/",
757
+ "69": "https://www.boxofficemojo.com/weekend/2022W16/",
758
+ "70": "https://deadline.com/2022/04/box-office-northman-bad-guys-unbearable-weight-of-massive-talent-1235007973/",
759
+ "71": "https://deadline.com/2022/04/fantastic-beasts-secrets-of-dumbledore-rrr-morbius-sonic-the-hedgehog-2-batman-global-international-box-office-1234998767/",
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+ "72": "https://deadline.com/2022/04/fantastic-beasts-sonic-kgf-yash-india-china-global-international-box-office-1235004648/",
761
+ "73": "https://deadline.com/2022/04/fantastic-beasts-secrets-of-dumbledore-sonic-the-hedgehog-2-lost-city-kgf-china-global-international-box-office-1235008855/",
762
+ "74": "https://deadline.com/2022/05/downton-abbey-fantastic-beasts-sonic-bad-guys-china-global-international-box-office-1235013921/",
763
+ "75": "https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/fantastic_beasts_the_secrets_of_dumbledore",
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+ "76": "https://www.metacritic.com/movie/fantastic-beasts-the-secrets-of-dumbledore",
765
+ "77": "https://www.metacritic.com/person/jk-rowling?filter-options=movies",
766
+ "78": "https://variety.com/2022/film/news/mads-mikkelsen-fantastic-beasts-3-better-johnny-depp-1235225472/",
767
+ "79": "https://www.cinemablend.com/movies/how-mads-mikkelsens-grindelwald-compares-to-johnny-depp-according-to-critics-whove-seen-fantastic-beasts-3",
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+ "80": "https://news.yahoo.com/mads-mikkelsen-says-replacing-johnny-145228045.html",
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+ "81": "https://deadline.com/2022/08/saturn-awards-2022-nominations-list-movies-tv-1235089636/",
770
+ "82": "https://variety.com/2023/artisans/news/visual-effects-society-2023-awards-nominations-announced-ves-1235491339/",
771
+ "83": "https://variety.com/2016/film/news/fantastic-beasts-and-where-to-find-them-five-movies-1201888226/",
772
+ "84": "https://www.inverse.com/article/24129-fantastic-beasts-timeline-confirmed-jk-rowling-grindelwald-dumbledore",
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+ "85": "https://screenrant.com/fantastic-beasts-4-script-status-update-not-started/",
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775
+ "87": "https://www.tomatazos.com/noticias/640320/Animales-Fantasticos-Warner-Bros-podria-terminar-la-saga-con-la-tercera-pelicula",
776
+ "88": "https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/music/2022/08/16/62faf06622601dfb778b45a0.html",
777
+ "89": "https://gamerant.com/mads-mikkelsen-johnny-depp-fantastic-beasts-return-possible/",
778
+ "90": "https://comicbook.com/movies/news/fantastic-beasts-sequels-harry-potter-movies-dead-warner-bros-discovery/",
779
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+ "92": "https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/oct/27/fantastic-beasts-jk-rowling-franchise-has-been-parked-director-says"
781
+ },
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+ "spicy_entities": {
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+ "2022": "DATE",
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+ "david yates": "PERSON",
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+ "j. k. rowling": "PERSON",
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+ "steve kloves": "PERSON",
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+ "rowling": "PERSON",
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+ }
json/Febrile_seizure.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Febrile_seizure",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Febrile_seizure",
4
+ "summary": "A febrile seizure, also known as a fever fit or febrile convulsion, is a seizure associated with a high body temperature but without any serious underlying health issue. They most commonly occur in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years. Most seizures are less than five minutes in duration, and the child is completely back to normal within an hour of the event. There are two types: simple febrile seizures and complex febrile seizures. Simple febrile seizures involve an otherwise healthy child who has at most one tonic-clonic seizure lasting less than 15 minutes in a 24-hour period. Complex febrile seizures have focal symptoms, last longer than 15 minutes, or occur more than once within 24 hours. About 80% are classified as simple febrile seizures.Febrile seizures are triggered by fever, typically due to a viral infection. They may run in families. The underlying mechanism is not fully known, but it is thought to involve genetics, environmental factors, brain immaturity, and inflammatory mediators. The diagnosis involves verifying that there is not an infection of the brain, there are no metabolic problems, and there have not been prior seizures that have occurred without a fever. Blood testing, imaging of the brain, or an electroencephalogram (EEG) is typically not needed. Examination to determine the source of the fever is recommended. In otherwise healthy-looking children a lumbar puncture is not necessarily required.Neither anti-seizure medication nor anti-fever medication are recommended in an effort to prevent further simple febrile seizures. In the few cases that last greater than 5 minutes, a benzodiazepine such as lorazepam or midazolam may be used. Efforts to rapidly cool during a seizure is not recommended.Febrile seizures affect 2\u201310% of children. They are more common in boys than girls. After a single febrile seizure there is an approximately 35% chance of having another one during childhood. Outcomes are generally excellent with similar academic achievements to other children and no change in the risk of death for those with simple seizures. There is tentative evidence that affected children have a slightly increased risk of epilepsy at 2% compared to the general population.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Signs and symptoms",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "Signs and symptoms depend on if the febrile seizure is simple versus complex",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "In general, the child's temperature is greater than 38\u00a0\u00b0C (100.4\u00a0\u00b0F), although most have a fever of 39\u00a0\u00b0C (102.2\u00a0\u00b0F) or higher",
15
+ "refs": [
16
+ "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Febrile-convulsions/Pages/Symptoms.aspx"
17
+ ]
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "sentence": "Most febrile seizures will occur during the first 24 hours of developing a fever",
21
+ "refs": [
22
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913"
23
+ ]
24
+ },
25
+ {
26
+ "sentence": "Signs of typical seizure activity include loss of consciousness, opened eyes which may be deviated or appear to be looking towards one direction, irregular breathing, increased secretions or foaming at the mouth, and the child may look pale or blue (cyanotic)",
27
+ "refs": [
28
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913"
29
+ ]
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "sentence": "They may become incontinent (wet or soil themselves) and may also vomit",
33
+ "refs": [
34
+ "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Febrile-convulsions/Pages/Symptoms.aspx",
35
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913"
36
+ ]
37
+ }
38
+ ],
39
+ "subsections": [
40
+ {
41
+ "section_title": "Types",
42
+ "section_content": [
43
+ {
44
+ "sentence": "There are two types of febrile seizures: simple and complex",
45
+ "refs": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "sentence": "Febrile status epilepticus is a subtype of complex febrile seizures that lasts for longer than 30 minutes",
49
+ "refs": [
50
+ "https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952123506"
51
+ ]
52
+ },
53
+ {
54
+ "sentence": "It can occur in up to 5% of febrile seizure cases",
55
+ "refs": [
56
+ "https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.h4240"
57
+ ]
58
+ }
59
+ ],
60
+ "subsections": []
61
+ }
62
+ ]
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "section_title": "Causes",
66
+ "section_content": [
67
+ {
68
+ "sentence": "Febrile seizures are due to fevers, usually those greater than 38\u00a0\u00b0C (100.4\u00a0\u00b0F)",
69
+ "refs": [
70
+ "https://books.google.com/books?id=sV6-ifUGoMYC&pg=PA266"
71
+ ]
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "sentence": "The cause of the fevers is often a viral illness",
75
+ "refs": [
76
+ "ISBN: 978-0071759052"
77
+ ]
78
+ },
79
+ {
80
+ "sentence": "The likelihood of a febrile seizure is related to how high the temperature reaches",
81
+ "refs": [
82
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215"
83
+ ]
84
+ },
85
+ {
86
+ "sentence": "Some feel that the rate of increase is not important while others feel the rate of increase is a risk factor",
87
+ "refs": [
88
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215",
89
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913",
90
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215"
91
+ ]
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "sentence": "This latter position has not been proven",
95
+ "refs": [
96
+ "https://books.google.com/books?id=TwlXrOBkAS8C&pg=PA661"
97
+ ]
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "sentence": "In children, illnesses that often cause a fever include middle ear infections and viral upper respiratory infections",
101
+ "refs": []
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "sentence": "Other infections associated with febrile seizures include Shigellosis, Salmonellosis, and Roseola",
105
+ "refs": [
106
+ "https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952123506"
107
+ ]
108
+ },
109
+ {
110
+ "sentence": "Although the exact mechanism is unknown, it is speculated that these infections may affect the brain directly or via a neurotoxin leading to seizures",
111
+ "refs": [
112
+ "https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/952123506"
113
+ ]
114
+ },
115
+ {
116
+ "sentence": "There is a small chance of a febrile seizure after certain vaccines",
117
+ "refs": []
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "sentence": "The risk is only slightly increased for a few days after receiving one of the implicated vaccines during the time when the child is likely to develop a fever as a natural immune response",
121
+ "refs": [
122
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5395384"
123
+ ]
124
+ },
125
+ {
126
+ "sentence": "Implicated vaccines include:",
127
+ "refs": [
128
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913",
129
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5395384",
130
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913"
131
+ ]
132
+ },
133
+ {
134
+ "sentence": "It was previously thought that febrile seizures were more likely to occur with the combined MMRV vaccine, but recent studies have found there to be no significant increase",
135
+ "refs": []
136
+ },
137
+ {
138
+ "sentence": "Overall, febrile seizures triggered by vaccines are uncommon",
139
+ "refs": [
140
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2015.06.009"
141
+ ]
142
+ },
143
+ {
144
+ "sentence": "Children who have a genetic predisposition towards febrile seizures are more likely to have one after vaccination",
145
+ "refs": [
146
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.vaccine.2015.06.009"
147
+ ]
148
+ },
149
+ {
150
+ "sentence": "The seizures occur, by definition, without an intracranial infection or metabolic problems",
151
+ "refs": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "sentence": "They run in families with reported family history in approximately 33% of people",
155
+ "refs": [
156
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215"
157
+ ]
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "sentence": "Several genetic associations have been identified, including GEFS+ and Dravet Syndrome",
161
+ "refs": [
162
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215",
163
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913",
164
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.eplepsyres.2005.11.023"
165
+ ]
166
+ },
167
+ {
168
+ "sentence": "Possible modes of inheritance for genetic predisposition to febrile seizures include autosomal dominance with reduced penetrance and polygenic multifactorial inheritance",
169
+ "refs": [
170
+ "https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.h4240"
171
+ ]
172
+ },
173
+ {
174
+ "sentence": "An association with iron deficiency has also been reported, particularly in the developing world",
175
+ "refs": [
176
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.disamonth.2016.12.001",
177
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913"
178
+ ]
179
+ }
180
+ ],
181
+ "subsections": []
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "section_title": "Mechanism",
185
+ "section_content": [
186
+ {
187
+ "sentence": "The exact underlying mechanism of febrile seizures is still unknown, but it is thought to be multi-factorial involving genetic and environmental factors",
188
+ "refs": []
189
+ },
190
+ {
191
+ "sentence": "Speculation includes immaturity of the central nervous system at younger ages, making the brain more vulnerable to the effects of fever",
192
+ "refs": [
193
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913",
194
+ "https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.h4240"
195
+ ]
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "sentence": "The increased activity of neurons during rapid brain development, may help explain why children, particularly younger than age 3, are prone to febrile seizures, with occurrences decreasing after age 5",
199
+ "refs": [
200
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913",
201
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.disamonth.2016.12.001"
202
+ ]
203
+ },
204
+ {
205
+ "sentence": "Other proposed mechanisms include the interactions of inflammatory mediators, particularly cytokines, which are released during a fever, causing elevated temperatures in the brain, which may somehow lead to a seizure",
206
+ "refs": [
207
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913"
208
+ ]
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "sentence": "Specific cytokines implicated include elevated CSF IL-1\u03b2 and serum IL-6",
212
+ "refs": [
213
+ "https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.h4240",
214
+ "https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.seizure.2018.04.023"
215
+ ]
216
+ }
217
+ ],
218
+ "subsections": []
219
+ },
220
+ {
221
+ "section_title": "Diagnosis",
222
+ "section_content": [
223
+ {
224
+ "sentence": "The diagnosis is made by eliminating more serious causes of seizure and fever: in particular, meningitis and encephalitis",
225
+ "refs": []
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "sentence": "However, in children who are immunized against pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae, the risk of bacterial meningitis is low",
229
+ "refs": [
230
+ "https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2010-3318"
231
+ ]
232
+ },
233
+ {
234
+ "sentence": "If a child has recovered and is acting normally, bacterial meningitis is very unlikely, making further procedures such as a lumbar puncture unnecessary",
235
+ "refs": [
236
+ "https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.h4240"
237
+ ]
238
+ },
239
+ {
240
+ "sentence": "Diagnosis involves gathering a detailed history including the value of highest temperature recorded, timing of seizure and fever, seizure characteristics, time to return to baseline, vaccination history, illness exposures, family history, etc.; and performing a physical exam that looks for signs of infection including meningitis and neurological status",
241
+ "refs": []
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "Blood tests, imaging of the brain and an electroencephalogram are generally not needed",
245
+ "refs": [
246
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913"
247
+ ]
248
+ },
249
+ {
250
+ "sentence": "However, for complex febrile seizures, EEG and imaging with an MRI of the brain may be helpful",
251
+ "refs": [
252
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215",
253
+ "https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2010-3318"
254
+ ]
255
+ },
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "Lumbar puncture is recommended if there are obvious signs and symptoms of meningitis or if there is high clinical suspicion",
258
+ "refs": []
259
+ },
260
+ {
261
+ "sentence": "However, lumbar puncture is an option that may be considered in children younger than 12 months of age since signs and symptoms of meningitis may be atypical, if the child does not return to baseline, or if the child lacks immunization against Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcal or vaccination status is unknown",
262
+ "refs": [
263
+ "https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.2010-3318"
264
+ ]
265
+ },
266
+ {
267
+ "sentence": "Differential diagnosis includes other causes of seizures such as CNS infections (i.e",
268
+ "refs": []
269
+ },
270
+ {
271
+ "sentence": "meningitis, encephalitis), metabolic disturbances (i.e",
272
+ "refs": []
273
+ },
274
+ {
275
+ "sentence": "electrolyte imbalances), CNS trauma, drug use and/or withdrawal, genetic conditions (i.e",
276
+ "refs": []
277
+ },
278
+ {
279
+ "sentence": "GEFS+), FIRES, shivering, febrile delirium, febrile myoclonus, breath holding spells, and convulsive syncope",
280
+ "refs": []
281
+ },
282
+ {
283
+ "sentence": "However, febrile seizures are still the most likely cause of convulsions in children under the age of 5 years old",
284
+ "refs": [
285
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913"
286
+ ]
287
+ }
288
+ ],
289
+ "subsections": []
290
+ },
291
+ {
292
+ "section_title": "Prevention",
293
+ "section_content": [
294
+ {
295
+ "sentence": "There is no benefit from the use of phenytoin, valproate, ibuprofen, diclofenac, acetaminophen, pyridoxine, or zinc sulfate,",
296
+ "refs": []
297
+ },
298
+ {
299
+ "sentence": "There is no evidence to support administering fever reducing medications such as acetaminophen at the time of a febrile seizure or to prevent the rate of recurrence",
300
+ "refs": [
301
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34131913"
302
+ ]
303
+ },
304
+ {
305
+ "sentence": "Rapid cooling methods such as an ice bath or a cold bath should be avoided as a method to lower the child's temperature, especially during a febrile seizure",
306
+ "refs": [
307
+ "https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fepi.13057"
308
+ ]
309
+ },
310
+ {
311
+ "sentence": "There is a decrease of recurrent febrile seizures with intermittent diazepam and phenobarbital but there is a high rate of adverse effects",
312
+ "refs": []
313
+ },
314
+ {
315
+ "sentence": "They are thus not recommended as an effort to prevent further seizures",
316
+ "refs": [
317
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34131913"
318
+ ]
319
+ }
320
+ ],
321
+ "subsections": []
322
+ },
323
+ {
324
+ "section_title": "Treatment",
325
+ "section_content": [
326
+ {
327
+ "sentence": "If a child is having a febrile seizure, the following recommendations are made for caregivers:",
328
+ "refs": [
329
+ "https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Febrile-Seizures-Fact-Sheet"
330
+ ]
331
+ },
332
+ {
333
+ "sentence": "In those with a single seizure lasting greater than 5 minutes or two consecutive seizures lasting greater than 5 minutes in which the person has not returned to their baseline mental status, defined as status epilepticus, intravenous lorazepam, rectal diazepam, or intranasal midazolam is recommended",
334
+ "refs": []
335
+ },
336
+ {
337
+ "sentence": "Anti-seizure medication are used in status epilepticus in an effort to prevent complications such as injury to the hippocampus or temporal lobe epilepsy",
338
+ "refs": [
339
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215",
340
+ "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448123/"
341
+ ]
342
+ },
343
+ {
344
+ "sentence": "Secondary causes of a seizure should be addressed if present",
345
+ "refs": []
346
+ },
347
+ {
348
+ "sentence": "Questions that may be asked of the caregivers who witnessed the seizure include the length of the seizure, the timing of the day, loss of consciousness, loss of bowel or urinary continence, a period of altered level of consciousness or confusion once the seizure stopped, movement of the eyes to a specific side, recent infections, recent medication usage including antibiotics or fever reducer medications, family history of febrile and afebrile seizures, vaccination and travel history",
349
+ "refs": []
350
+ },
351
+ {
352
+ "sentence": "[citation needed]",
353
+ "refs": []
354
+ },
355
+ {
356
+ "sentence": "Vital signs should be monitored in the emergency department along with observation for 6 hours",
357
+ "refs": []
358
+ },
359
+ {
360
+ "sentence": "Evaluation for the cause of fever should be performed including signs of an infection such as a bulging tympanic membrane (otitis media), red pharynx, enlarged tonsils, enlarged cervical lymph nodes (streptococcal pharyngitis or infectious mononucleosis), and a widespread rash",
361
+ "refs": []
362
+ },
363
+ {
364
+ "sentence": "CNS infections such as meningitis, encephalitis and brain abscesses should be ruled out, along with electrolyte abnormalities",
365
+ "refs": [
366
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913"
367
+ ]
368
+ },
369
+ {
370
+ "sentence": "[citation needed]",
371
+ "refs": []
372
+ }
373
+ ],
374
+ "subsections": []
375
+ },
376
+ {
377
+ "section_title": "Prognosis",
378
+ "section_content": [
379
+ {
380
+ "sentence": "Long term outcomes are generally good with little risk of neurological problems or epilepsy",
381
+ "refs": []
382
+ },
383
+ {
384
+ "sentence": "Those who have one febrile seizure have an approximately 30- 40% chance of having another one in the next two years, with the risk being greater in those who are younger",
385
+ "refs": [
386
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215"
387
+ ]
388
+ },
389
+ {
390
+ "sentence": "Simple febrile seizures do not tend to recur frequently (children tend to outgrow them) and do not make the development of adult epilepsy significantly more likely (about 3\u20135%) compared with the general public (1%)",
391
+ "refs": []
392
+ },
393
+ {
394
+ "sentence": "Children with febrile convulsions are more likely to have a febrile seizure in the future if they were young at their first seizure (less than 18 months old), have a family history of a febrile convulsions in first-degree relatives (a parent or sibling), have a short time between the onset of fever and the seizure, had a low degree of fever before their seizure, or have a seizure history of abnormal neurological signs or developmental delay",
395
+ "refs": [
396
+ "https://doi.org/10.1177%2F08830738020170010601"
397
+ ]
398
+ },
399
+ {
400
+ "sentence": "Similarly, the prognosis after a complex febrile seizure is excellent, although an increased risk of death has been shown for complex febrile seizures, partly related to underlying conditions",
401
+ "refs": []
402
+ }
403
+ ],
404
+ "subsections": []
405
+ },
406
+ {
407
+ "section_title": "Epidemiology",
408
+ "section_content": [
409
+ {
410
+ "sentence": "Febrile seizures happen between the ages of 6 months and 5 years",
411
+ "refs": []
412
+ },
413
+ {
414
+ "sentence": "The peak age for a febrile seizure is 18 months, with the most common age range being 12\u201330 months of age",
415
+ "refs": [
416
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215",
417
+ "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448123/",
418
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30199360"
419
+ ]
420
+ },
421
+ {
422
+ "sentence": "They affect between 2-5% of children",
423
+ "refs": [
424
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1720014"
425
+ ]
426
+ },
427
+ {
428
+ "sentence": "They are more common in boys than girls",
429
+ "refs": [
430
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215",
431
+ "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448123/",
432
+ "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30199360"
433
+ ]
434
+ },
435
+ {
436
+ "sentence": "Febrile seizures can occur in any ethnic group, although there have been higher rates in Guamanians (14%), Japanese (6-9%) and Indians (5-10%)",
437
+ "refs": [
438
+ "https://books.google.com/books?id=sV6-ifUGoMYC&pg=PA266",
439
+ "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052913"
440
+ ]
441
+ }
442
+ ],
443
+ "subsections": []
444
+ },
445
+ {
446
+ "section_title": "References",
447
+ "section_content": [],
448
+ "subsections": []
449
+ }
450
+ ],
451
+ "references": {
452
+ "1": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335215",
453
+ "2": "https://doi.org/10.1212%2FCON.0000000000000274",
454
+ "3": "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448123/",
455
+ "4": "http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Febrile-convulsions/Pages/Symptoms.aspx",
456
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+ {
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+ "title": "Funeral_for_Yesterday",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funeral_for_Yesterday",
4
+ "summary": "Funeral for Yesterday is the fourth studio album by Canadian heavy metal band Kittie, released on February 20, 2007. It was the only album released through the band's own record label, X of Infamy Records, and Merovingian Music (MRV). The album was produced by Jack Ponti, and was recorded at RetroMedia Sound Studios in Red Bank, New Jersey, between July and August 2006. Envisioned as a loose concept album about the band's demise and rebirth following a period of turmoil, the album saw Kittie transition towards a more melodic and accessible sound while retaining some of their heavier sensibilities, and was also noted for its greater use of clean singing than on the band's previous releases. It was the first Kittie album with guitarist Tara McLeod, and only with bassist Trish Doan. \nFuneral for Yesterday debuted at number 101 on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling just under 9,000 copies in its first week. Its lead single and title track, \"Funeral For Yesterday\", became Kittie's biggest radio hit, reaching number 40 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart. Reviews were generally favourable, with critics praising Kittie's musical growth on the album; however, its vocals drew mixed reactions. Kittie were disappointed with the album's production and their lack of control over its outcome, and sought to distance themselves from its sound with their subsequent releases. It was the final album Doan performed on before her death in 2017.",
5
+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Background",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "In July 2004, Kittie released its third studio album, Until the End, through Artemis Records",
11
+ "refs": []
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+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "After two tours in support of the album, financial problems within the band would prompt bassist Jennifer Arroyo and guitarist Lisa Marx to leave Kittie in February 2005, before parting ways with Artemis the following month",
15
+ "refs": [
16
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-frontwoman-says-guitarist-and-bassist-have-both-left-the-band/",
17
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/guitarist-lisa-marx-quits-kittie/",
18
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-frontwoman-morgan-lander-i-have-never-been-this-happy/",
19
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20060221192642/http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkxNjcmZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTY3MDI0NjkmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk3"
20
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Kittie was subsequently put on hiatus by the band's two remaining members, guitarist/vocalist Morgan Lander and drummer Mercedes Lander, [N 1] who both considered changing careers but decided to keep pursuing music",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-discussing-the-future-with-artemis-records/",
26
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-released-from-artemis-records/",
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+ "https://www.mtv.com/news/y8mbf6/metal-file-kittie-cradle-of-filth-meshuggah-more-news-that-rules"
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+ ]
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+ },
30
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Morgan said: \"There was a lot of sadness and tears, but there was also a lot of creativity",
32
+ "refs": [
33
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ ]
35
+ },
36
+ {
37
+ "sentence": "And we ultimately decided that this is where our hearts lie and we couldn't do anything else.\"",
38
+ "refs": [
39
+ "https://www.mtv.com/news/y8mbf6/metal-file-kittie-cradle-of-filth-meshuggah-more-news-that-rules"
40
+ ]
41
+ },
42
+ {
43
+ "sentence": "The writing process for Funeral for Yesterday lasted a total of eighteen months",
44
+ "refs": []
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+ },
46
+ {
47
+ "sentence": "Work on the album began whilst Kittie was still on hiatus, when Morgan and Mercedes began writing songs together once or twice a week as a form of emotional release",
48
+ "refs": [
49
+ "https://www.mtv.com/news/y8mbf6/metal-file-kittie-cradle-of-filth-meshuggah-more-news-that-rules",
50
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
51
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20071008075129/http://www.shipwreckislandstudios.com/interviews/2007/kittie062507.htm"
52
+ ]
53
+ },
54
+ {
55
+ "sentence": "They would work on the music together but come up with their own lyrics separately; Morgan said that \"as we were both going through the same scenario, [it was important] for Mercedes to have a voice\"",
56
+ "refs": [
57
+ "https://www.mtv.com/news/y8mbf6/metal-file-kittie-cradle-of-filth-meshuggah-more-news-that-rules",
58
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20070823062257/http://www.piercingmetal.com/interview_kittie_081107.htm"
59
+ ]
60
+ },
61
+ {
62
+ "sentence": "She also felt that their songs benefitted from the fact they had no label or deadlines to contend with, which gave them more time to hone in their arrangements",
63
+ "refs": [
64
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
65
+ ]
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "sentence": "After unsuccessfully attempting to shop the music they had written together to various record labels under the name Sweet Revenge, Morgan and Mercedes began seeking out a new guitarist and bassist for Kittie",
69
+ "refs": [
70
+ "https://www.mtv.com/news/y8mbf6/metal-file-kittie-cradle-of-filth-meshuggah-more-news-that-rules",
71
+ "https://www.clevescene.com/music/talking-girl-metal-from-kitties-morgan-lander-1559787",
72
+ "https://worleygig.com/2007/02/28/an-interview-with-mercedes-lander-of-kittie/"
73
+ ]
74
+ },
75
+ {
76
+ "sentence": "Tara McLeod, guitarist of the band Sherry, was recruited in August 2005 by Kittie's manager, David Lander, after he saw one of Sherry's performances in Strathroy-Caradoc, Ontario",
77
+ "refs": [
78
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
79
+ ]
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "sentence": "Soon after, the band recruited Trish Doan, formerly the lead guitarist of an all-female band called Her, as their new bassist",
83
+ "refs": [
84
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
85
+ "https://www.newstimes.com/news/article/america-demands-more-kittie-48546.php",
86
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
87
+ ]
88
+ },
89
+ {
90
+ "sentence": "Kittie's new line-up played their debut gig at Call the Office in their hometown of London, Ontario, on September 29, 2005",
91
+ "refs": []
92
+ },
93
+ {
94
+ "sentence": "In February 2006, Kittie released a digital-only EP, Never Again, through Rock Ridge Music as a teaser release for their next album, featuring the songs \"Never Again\", \"This Too Shall Pass\", \"Breathe\" and the iTunes bonus track \"Everything That Could Have Been\"",
95
+ "refs": [
96
+ "http://rocknrollexperience.com/news/147/38/Kittie-entire-band-Interview"
97
+ ]
98
+ },
99
+ {
100
+ "sentence": "Although all of the lyrics and around half of the music for Funeral for Yesterday was written before they joined the band, Morgan and Mercedes gave McLeod and Doan the freedom to write whatever they wanted for the album afterwards",
101
+ "refs": [
102
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-detroit-show-postponed/"
103
+ ]
104
+ },
105
+ {
106
+ "sentence": "McLeod said that although Morgan and Mercedes were the band's primary songwriters on the album, \"everybody [had] equal input\"",
107
+ "refs": [
108
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20071008075129/http://www.shipwreckislandstudios.com/interviews/2007/kittie062507.htm",
109
+ "https://bravewords.com/news/kittie-all-three-never-again-ep-tracks-available-for-preview"
110
+ ]
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "sentence": "Material was further developed during band rehearsals and live performances, which allowed the band to \"work out the kinks\" and bring about new ideas for their songs",
114
+ "refs": [
115
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
116
+ ]
117
+ }
118
+ ],
119
+ "subsections": []
120
+ },
121
+ {
122
+ "section_title": "Recording and production",
123
+ "section_content": [
124
+ {
125
+ "sentence": "Funeral for Yesterday was recorded over the span of six weeks at RetroMedia Sound Studios in Red Bank, New Jersey, the longest time Kittie has spent recording any of their albums",
126
+ "refs": []
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "sentence": "Recording commenced on July 15, 2006, and wrapped up in late August 2006",
130
+ "refs": [
131
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
132
+ ]
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "sentence": "The album was produced by Jack Ponti, who had not produced an album since Doro's Machine II Machine (1995); he chose to work with Kittie because he felt that they were not getting \" [the due] they deserved in terms of their musicianship or their abilities\", and because he wanted to do \"things that are difficult [rather] than things that are easy\u201d",
136
+ "refs": [
137
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
138
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-to-enter-studio-in-july/"
139
+ ]
140
+ },
141
+ {
142
+ "sentence": "The band recorded for six or eight hours per day, to avoid burnout",
143
+ "refs": [
144
+ "https://www.redbankgreen.com/2006/08/kittie_purrs_in/",
145
+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/kittie-releasing-new-album-on-own-label-57410/"
146
+ ]
147
+ },
148
+ {
149
+ "sentence": "Ponti experimented with Kittie's sound on Funeral for Yesterday using different recording techniques, vintage instruments and microphone placements",
150
+ "refs": []
151
+ },
152
+ {
153
+ "sentence": "Kittie said that the album was recorded with a \"less is more\" mentality; Morgan explained that this was \"not 'less is more' in terms of the end product and the richness of the music, [but] 'less is more' like you do less guitar tracks to make it sound fuller\"",
154
+ "refs": [
155
+ "https://www.clevescene.com/music/talking-girl-metal-from-kitties-morgan-lander-1559787",
156
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-new-album-title-cover-artwork-revealed/",
157
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20070314165334/http://www.mercedeslander.net/ask/081606.html"
158
+ ]
159
+ },
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "[N 2] Mercedes' drums were recorded using a four-piece mic setup similar to John Bonham's on Led Zeppelin's \"When the Leevee Breaks\"",
162
+ "refs": [
163
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
164
+ ]
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "sentence": "Whilst its guitars, bass and drums were recorded onto two-inch analogue tape, Ponti recorded the album's vocals using Pro Tools, which was also used to incorporate and arrange vocal harmonies\u2014something which Kittie had not experimented with before\u2014into the album",
168
+ "refs": [
169
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
170
+ ]
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "sentence": "Ponti further affected its overall composition by scrapping most of McLeod's \"planned\" guitar parts in favour of her playing improvised licks; likewise, 90% of Doan's basslines were changed as recording progressed",
174
+ "refs": [
175
+ "https://www.clevescene.com/music/talking-girl-metal-from-kitties-morgan-lander-1559787",
176
+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/kittie-releasing-new-album-on-own-label-57410/",
177
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
178
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
179
+ ]
180
+ },
181
+ {
182
+ "sentence": "In comparison to Kittie's past producers, who let the band \"do whatever the fuck [they wanted]\" when recording, Morgan said that Ponti had more of \"a definite idea of how he [wanted] things to sound\" and that working with him was \"a bit rusty in the beginning\"\u2014it would take him and the band a week to record the album's first song",
183
+ "refs": [
184
+ "https://www.premierguitar.com/artists/kitties-redemption"
185
+ ]
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "sentence": "Mercedes found that Kittie \"didn't have a lot of say\" in the way the album was recorded, which she would later attribute to a \"power struggle\" between the band and Ponti that they ultimately lost \"because he had the stronger personality\"",
189
+ "refs": [
190
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
191
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
192
+ ]
193
+ },
194
+ {
195
+ "sentence": "In addition, Doan found working on the album \"really awkward\" after Ponti stopped speaking to her following an argument at the studio",
196
+ "refs": [
197
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
198
+ ]
199
+ },
200
+ {
201
+ "sentence": "[N 3] Despite their conflicts, Morgan said that \"In the end, [everyone's] visions were the same\u2014we wanted to make a great album.\" Morgan also felt that Doan's situation was \"more personal\", as Ponti did not treat the other members of Kittie in this way",
202
+ "refs": [
203
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
204
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
205
+ ]
206
+ },
207
+ {
208
+ "sentence": "After recording was completed, Funeral for Yesterday was mixed at The Document Room in Malibu, California by Kevin Shirley between September 5 and September 14, 2006, before being sent to Sterling Sound to be mastered by Leon Zervos",
209
+ "refs": []
210
+ },
211
+ {
212
+ "sentence": "On October 11, 2006, Mercedes announced that the album had been completed",
213
+ "refs": [
214
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
215
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
216
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
217
+ ]
218
+ },
219
+ {
220
+ "sentence": "The album's recording sessions were partially documented in a companion DVD released with physical editions of the album",
221
+ "refs": [
222
+ "https://bravewords.com/news/kevin-shirley-to-begin-mixing-new-kittie-album-today",
223
+ "https://bravewords.com/news/producer-kevin-shirley-kittie-really-rock-hard"
224
+ ]
225
+ }
226
+ ],
227
+ "subsections": []
228
+ },
229
+ {
230
+ "section_title": "Composition and lyrics",
231
+ "section_content": [
232
+ {
233
+ "sentence": "Funeral for Yesterday sees Kittie mix their heavy musical side with a more melodic and vocal one, [N 4] whilst showing signs of continued musical growth from the band with the introduction of guitar solos and vocal harmonies",
234
+ "refs": [
235
+ "https://bravewords.com/news/kitties-mercedes-lander-our-new-album-is-all-finished",
236
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-trailer-for-funeral-for-yesterday-companion-dvd-available/",
237
+ "https://www.allmusic.com/album/funeral-for-yesterday-mw0000475936"
238
+ ]
239
+ },
240
+ {
241
+ "sentence": "The album features more clean singing than on Kittie's previous releases, although screamed and growled vocals are found on its heavier tracks such as \"Witch Hunt\" and \"Last Goodbye\"",
242
+ "refs": [
243
+ "https://www.mtv.com/news/y8mbf6/metal-file-kittie-cradle-of-filth-meshuggah-more-news-that-rules",
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-frontwoman-on-death-of-father-manager-our-heads-are-spinning/",
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-drummer-new-album-sounds-absolutely-amazing/",
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+ "https://www.allmusic.com/album/funeral-for-yesterday-mw0000475936"
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+ ]
250
+ },
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+ {
252
+ "sentence": "The album's songs are played in the tuning of drop C",
253
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.mtv.com/news/y8mbf6/metal-file-kittie-cradle-of-filth-meshuggah-more-news-that-rules",
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+ "https://www.timeswv.com/news/lifestyles/funeral-for-yesterday-new-chapter-for-kittie/article_c60702e4-2d9c-50e2-bd41-60f31a27bdcc.html"
256
+ ]
257
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Critics and the band alike also noted the album for its softer, more accessible production and sound",
260
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-drummer-discusses-upcoming-album/"
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+ ]
263
+ },
264
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Morgan stated that Kittie wanted to \"make an album where you could bang your head and sing along at the same time\", whilst Doan believed that the band had \"worked more in a way that\u00a0..",
266
+ "refs": [
267
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-drummer-new-album-sounds-absolutely-amazing/",
268
+ "https://www.ign.com/articles/2007/02/14/kittie-funeral-for-yesterday",
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-frontwoman-on-death-of-father-manager-our-heads-are-spinning/"
270
+ ]
271
+ },
272
+ {
273
+ "sentence": "was to get songs on the radio.\" Morgan and McLeod cited classic rock acts, including Van Halen, Thin Lizzy, Led Zeppelin and AC/DC, as influences on the album's song structures and guitar solos",
274
+ "refs": [
275
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
276
+ ]
277
+ },
278
+ {
279
+ "sentence": "Lyrically, Morgan considered Funeral for Yesterday a loose concept album about \"the demise of the former [incarnation of Kittie], [and] the resurrection of something new.\" She also emphasized in a 2007 interview with Metal Edge that Kittie \"wanted to make an impression and show people what we could do now\u00a0..",
280
+ "refs": [
281
+ "https://www.mtv.com/news/y8mbf6/metal-file-kittie-cradle-of-filth-meshuggah-more-news-that-rules",
282
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
283
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
284
+ ]
285
+ },
286
+ {
287
+ "sentence": "[and] change people's opinions of us\", and that the album represented \"the death of the past and cleaning the slate.\" The album's title track was described by IGN as \"a tale of renewal for Morgan\u00a0..",
288
+ "refs": [
289
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/cdreviews/funeral-for-yesterday/"
290
+ ]
291
+ },
292
+ {
293
+ "sentence": "and for [Kittie] as a whole\"",
294
+ "refs": []
295
+ },
296
+ {
297
+ "sentence": "According to Morgan, \"Everything That Could Have Been\" covers \"reflection of the past, and wishing to change it solely to see how differently the outcome would have been\", whilst \"Slow Motion\" is about \"seeing something or someone that you love die slowly, and [that] there is nothing that can be done\"",
298
+ "refs": [
299
+ "https://www.allmusic.com/album/funeral-for-yesterday-mw0000475936"
300
+ ]
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "sentence": "In a 2007 interview with Revolver, Morgan said that \"Never Again\" is about Kittie \"taking a stand never to be treated a certain way, never to be walked on again or allow ourselves to be vulnerable",
304
+ "refs": [
305
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
306
+ ]
307
+ },
308
+ {
309
+ "sentence": "We've dealt with these things before and made our mistakes, and now we're fucking warriors.\"",
310
+ "refs": [
311
+ "https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/kittie-6403192"
312
+ ]
313
+ }
314
+ ],
315
+ "subsections": []
316
+ },
317
+ {
318
+ "section_title": "Release",
319
+ "section_content": [],
320
+ "subsections": [
321
+ {
322
+ "section_title": "Promotion and touring",
323
+ "section_content": [
324
+ {
325
+ "sentence": "On August 28, 2006, Kittie announced that they would be releasing their next album through their own record label and management company, Kiss of Infamy Records",
326
+ "refs": []
327
+ },
328
+ {
329
+ "sentence": "Ponti inspired the band to set up the label, and helped them secure distribution through EMI",
330
+ "refs": [
331
+ "https://www.redbankgreen.com/2006/08/kittie_purrs_in/"
332
+ ]
333
+ },
334
+ {
335
+ "sentence": "\"We talked to a bunch of indie labels, but when it came down to it, starting our own business seemed like the right thing to do because we've always been a self-sufficient band\", Mercedes said",
336
+ "refs": [
337
+ "https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/kittie-6403192"
338
+ ]
339
+ },
340
+ {
341
+ "sentence": "\"We've never had help paying for tours, and we do all of our own merch, and we have our own clothing line [Poisoned Black]",
342
+ "refs": []
343
+ },
344
+ {
345
+ "sentence": "So it was the next logical step.\" Kittie later changed their label's name to \"X of Infamy\" in December 2006 after the band received a cease-and-desist order from Gene Simmons, who owns the \"Kiss\" trademark",
346
+ "refs": [
347
+ "https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/kittie-6403192"
348
+ ]
349
+ },
350
+ {
351
+ "sentence": "\" [The] X is clever, bewcause 'XOXO' means kiss anyway\", Morgan said",
352
+ "refs": [
353
+ "https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/music/kittie-6403192",
354
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
355
+ ]
356
+ },
357
+ {
358
+ "sentence": "On October 25, 2006, Kittie unveiled Funeral for Yesterday's title and cover artwork",
359
+ "refs": []
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "sentence": "In the coming months, various tracks from the album would be uploaded to the band's MySpace page",
363
+ "refs": [
364
+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/kittie-releasing-new-album-on-own-label-57410/"
365
+ ]
366
+ },
367
+ {
368
+ "sentence": "On November 14, 2006, a radio-ready version of the album's title track was posted online, with an \"unofficial\" music video for the song being released three days later",
369
+ "refs": [
370
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20071112033604/http://livedaily.com/news/11212.html",
371
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
372
+ ]
373
+ },
374
+ {
375
+ "sentence": "An official music video, directed by Vincent Giordano, was filmed in Long Island, New York, on February 5, 2007, before being made available to stream online on March 6, 2007",
376
+ "refs": [
377
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "https://bravewords.com/news/kittie-new-x-of-infamy-logo-revealed",
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-new-songs-posted-online/"
380
+ ]
381
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Funeral for Yesterday was released in the United States by X of Infamy and Merovingian Music (MRV) on February 20, 2007",
384
+ "refs": []
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+ },
386
+ {
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+ "sentence": "It was not released in Europe",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-unofficial-funeral-for-yesterday-video-posted-online/",
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-films-funeral-for-yesterday-video-in-new-york/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "From February to May 2007, Kittie embarked on a headlining tour of the United States, the Funeral for Yesterday Tour, supported by Walls of Jericho, 36 Crazyfists, Dead to Fall and In This Moment",
395
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20090206112131/http://www.mtv.com/videos/kittie/138908/funeral-for-yesterday.jhtml"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The band intended on touring the United Kingdom supporting Cradle of Filth in April 2007, but were forced to cancel after MRV refused to give them the necessary touring support",
401
+ "refs": [
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "https://www.nme.com/news/music/kittie-1315325"
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+ ]
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+ },
407
+ {
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+ "sentence": "From July to September 2007, Kittie embarked on another headlining tour of the United States, the Sweet Revenge Tour, with It Dies Today, Silent Civilian, Bring Me the Horizon and Blessed by a Broken Heart",
409
+ "refs": [
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
411
+ ]
412
+ },
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+ {
414
+ "sentence": "At one of the Sweet Revenge tour dates in Baltimore, Maryland on August 19, 2007, Kittie ended their set early after Morgan Lander was groped by a member of the audience, who was then attacked by the crowd",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.eternitymagazin.de/kittie-interview/",
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-walls-of-jericho-dead-to-fall-more-tour-dates-announced/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Outside of the band's tours, Kittie participated in radio interviews for Rockline (KLOS) and Mancow's Morning Madhouse (WRCX) and performed several acoustic shows at various FYE stores across the United States in April and May 2007",
422
+ "refs": [
423
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20071112034910/http://livedaily.com/news/11980.html"
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+ ]
425
+ }
426
+ ],
427
+ "subsections": []
428
+ },
429
+ {
430
+ "section_title": "Trish Doan's departure",
431
+ "section_content": [
432
+ {
433
+ "sentence": "During the production of Funeral for Yesterday, Trish Doan developed an eating disorder, anorexia athletica-nervosa",
434
+ "refs": []
435
+ },
436
+ {
437
+ "sentence": "By the time Kittie began touring in support of the album, Doan had become \"too skinny\", and the other members of the band were concerned and frightened by her behaviour",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-frontwoman-groped-at-baltimore-concert-band-cuts-performance-short/",
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-to-guest-on-tomorrow-s-mancow-morning-show/",
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-schedules-rockline-appearance/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "She was encouraged to leave the band if she need to look after her health, although Doan said she was \"still in such denial and so caught up in myself that I just didn't care or I didn't really think about it\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-schedules-fye-acoustic-performances/",
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-parts-ways-with-bassist-trish-doan/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Doan would ultimately leave Kittie after she fainted and fell off the stage at one of the band's shows",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-frontwoman-says-bassist-s-serious-eating-disorder-prevented-her-from-touring/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On June 28, 2007, Kittie announced that Jeff Phillips (the band's former touring guitarist for Oracle) would be filling in on bass for Doan for the Sweet Revenge Tour, after which the band would hire Ivana \"Ivy\" Jenkins as their new bassist",
459
+ "refs": [
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "https://www.eternitymagazin.de/kittie-interview/"
463
+ ]
464
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Kittie knew of Jenkins as she was supposed to have auditioned for the band in 2005, but was unable to because of \"circumstances [not] working in her [favour] at the time\", according to Morgan",
467
+ "refs": [
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ ]
470
+ },
471
+ {
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+ "sentence": "On March 4, 2008, Kittie announced that Doan had left the band",
473
+ "refs": []
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+ },
475
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Despite this, she would remain in contact with Morgan, Mercedes and McLeod and rejoin the band in February 2012, following Jenkins' departure",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-frontwoman-groped-at-baltimore-concert-band-cuts-performance-short/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "However, Kittie did not work on any new material together afterwards, and Funeral for Yesterday subsequently became the final album Doan performed on before her death on February 11, 2017",
483
+ "refs": [
484
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
485
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
486
+ "https://www.mtv.com/news/697p0j/kittie-guitarist-scratched-from-lineup"
487
+ ]
488
+ },
489
+ {
490
+ "sentence": "In October 2017, Kittie performed an acoustic version of \"Funeral for Yesterday\" at the band's reunion concert celebrating the premiere of the Kittie: Origins/Evolutions documentary in Doan's memory",
491
+ "refs": [
492
+ "https://www.femmemetalwebzine.net/uncategorized/interview-morgan-lander-kittie-2009/",
493
+ "http://www.radiometal.com/article/kittie-entretien-avec-morgan-lander,416"
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+ ]
495
+ }
496
+ ],
497
+ "subsections": []
498
+ }
499
+ ]
500
+ },
501
+ {
502
+ "section_title": "Commercial performance",
503
+ "section_content": [
504
+ {
505
+ "sentence": "Funeral for Yesterday sold just under 9,000 copies during its first week of release, debuting at number 101 on the US Billboard 200 chart",
506
+ "refs": []
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+ },
508
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The album also reached number seven on Billboard's Top Independent Albums chart",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-parts-ways-with-ivy-vujic-welcomes-back-bassist-trish-doan/"
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+ ]
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+ },
514
+ {
515
+ "sentence": "By April 4, 2007, it had sold 20,000 copies in the United States",
516
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/kittie-bassist-trish-doan-dies-at-31-7693158/"
518
+ ]
519
+ },
520
+ {
521
+ "sentence": "The album's lead single, \"Funeral For Yesterday\", became Kittie's biggest radio hit, peaking at number 40 on Billboard's Mainstream Rock Tracks chart on April 14, 2007",
522
+ "refs": [
523
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20070705044341/http://www.livedaily.com/news/12399.html"
524
+ ]
525
+ },
526
+ {
527
+ "sentence": "To date, it is Kittie's only single to make an appearance on the chart",
528
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/kittie-bassist-trish-doan-dies-at-31-7693158/",
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+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kitties-morgan-lander-we-arent-working-on-any-new-music-right-now/"
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+ ]
532
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "\"Breathe\" was also released as a single from the album, but failed to chart",
535
+ "refs": [
536
+ "https://www.billboard.com/music/rock/kittie-bassist-trish-doan-dies-at-31-7693158/"
537
+ ]
538
+ }
539
+ ],
540
+ "subsections": []
541
+ },
542
+ {
543
+ "section_title": "Critical reception",
544
+ "section_content": [
545
+ {
546
+ "sentence": "Funeral for Yesterday received generally favourable reviews",
547
+ "refs": []
548
+ },
549
+ {
550
+ "sentence": "AllMusic reviewer James Christopher Monger said that Kittie's new direction on the album \"suits them in a way that indicates actual growth\"",
551
+ "refs": []
552
+ },
553
+ {
554
+ "sentence": "Mark Fisher of the Times West Virginian also praised Kittie for expanding upon the melodic aspects of their sound whilst avoiding musical trends",
555
+ "refs": [
556
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-drummer-new-album-sounds-absolutely-amazing/"
557
+ ]
558
+ },
559
+ {
560
+ "sentence": "IGN's Ed Thompson called the album Kittie's \"most comprehensive album\" up to that point, praising the musical chemistry between the band's new members",
561
+ "refs": [
562
+ "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-trailer-for-funeral-for-yesterday-companion-dvd-available/"
563
+ ]
564
+ },
565
+ {
566
+ "sentence": "Aaron Burgess of the Phoenix New-Times felt that Kittie had succeeded in transitioning towards a pop-oriented sound, despite calling such a move \"risky\"",
567
+ "refs": [
568
+ "https://www.allmusic.com/album/funeral-for-yesterday-mw0000475936"
569
+ ]
570
+ },
571
+ {
572
+ "sentence": "Although its musical growth was praised, the album's vocal performances drew mixed reactions from critics",
573
+ "refs": []
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+ },
575
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Reviewing the album for Now, Evan Davies panned Funeral for Yesterday for showcasing Morgan's \"ultra-annoying ability to sing almost exclusively through her nose as she spouts trite, clich\u00e9d lyrics about pain and suffering.\" Blabbermouth.net criticized Ponti's \"robot choir\" vocal production for making the album as a whole \"forgettable\"",
577
+ "refs": [
578
+ "https://nowtoronto.com/music/kittie-3/"
579
+ ]
580
+ },
581
+ {
582
+ "sentence": "Conversely, Paul Gargano of LiveDaily saw its melodic vocals as indicative of Kittie's developing songwriting, and said that they made its songs \"immensely more listenable\"",
583
+ "refs": [
584
+ "https://www.timeswv.com/news/lifestyles/funeral-for-yesterday-new-chapter-for-kittie/article_c60702e4-2d9c-50e2-bd41-60f31a27bdcc.html"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Monger and Fisher anticipated objections to Morgan's cleaner vocals from Kittie's fanbase, but felt that they did not take away from the album's heaviness and aggression",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20070303233342/http://www.roadrunnerrecords.com/blabbermouth.net/news.aspx?mode=Article&newsitemID=67930"
591
+ ]
592
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Morgan and Mercedes have reflected unfavourably on Funeral for Yesterday in the years following its release, praising its songwriting but criticizing its production",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In a 2009 interview with Carl Begai, Mercedes was particularly critical of the album's \"over-produced\" vocals: \" [It] has six million harmonies on every chorus",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.billboard.com/artist/kittie/",
601
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It made [Morgan] sound like a fucking Chipmunk at the end of the day, which was ridiculous.\" However, when asked by The Rockpit in 2010 if she regretted releasing the album, Mercedes stated: \"I wouldn't say regret, we would have done it differently.\" Morgan similarly commented that although she considered Funeral For Yesterday's songwriting some of Kittie's best work, its recording and production \"didn't end up sounding the way I had hoped;\" she would call their next album, In the Black (2009), their attempt to \"undo all the things [the album] did\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.billboard.com/artist/kittie/",
608
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "[N 5]",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20090703132759/http://www.livedaily.com/news/11703.html"
616
+ ]
617
+ }
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+ ],
619
+ "subsections": []
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+ },
621
+ {
622
+ "section_title": "Track listing",
623
+ "section_content": [
624
+ {
625
+ "sentence": "All songs written by Morgan Lander and Mercedes Lander",
626
+ "refs": []
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+ }
628
+ ],
629
+ "subsections": []
630
+ },
631
+ {
632
+ "section_title": "Personnel",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
635
+ "sentence": "Personnel per liner notes",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Funeral for Yesterday - Bonus DVD",
640
+ "refs": [
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+ "http://metalassault.com/Interviews/031910_Kittie.php"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Charts",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "References",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Notes",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Citations",
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Bibliography",
668
+ "section_content": [
669
+ {
670
+ "sentence": "Magazine sources",
671
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Audiovisual (AV) sources",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ "subsections": []
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "External links",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ "references": {
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+ "11": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "41": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "54": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "107": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "1": "https://nowtoronto.com/music/kittie-3/",
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+ "2": "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-frontwoman-says-guitarist-and-bassist-have-both-left-the-band/",
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+ "3": "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/guitarist-lisa-marx-quits-kittie/",
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+ "4": "https://www.blabbermouth.net/news/kittie-frontwoman-morgan-lander-i-have-never-been-this-happy/",
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+ "5": "https://web.archive.org/web/20060221192642/http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkxNjcmZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTY3MDI0NjkmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk3",
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+ {
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+ "title": "Gehraiyaan",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gehraiyaan",
4
+ "summary": "Gehraiyaan (transl.\u2009Depths) is a 2022 Indian Hindi-language noir romantic drama film directed by Shakun Batra and produced by Dharma Productions, Viacom18 Studios and Jouska Films. The film stars Deepika Padukone, Siddhant Chaturvedi, Ananya Panday and Dhairya Karwa, with Rajat Kapoor and Naseeruddin Shah in supporting roles.Gehraiyaan premiered on 11 February 2022 on Amazon Prime Video. The film received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for its soundtrack, cinematography, visual style and performances of the cast; however its story, screenplay and climax received criticism.",
5
+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Plot",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Alisha \"Al\" Khanna, a 30-year-old yoga instructor is working on an app but struggling to find investors while providing for her boyfriend Karan Arora, an unemployed writer",
11
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "She also suffers from anxiety, dealing with her mother Sonali's suicide as a child, and is estranged from her father Vinod",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Alisha's cousin Tia \"Ti\" is engaged to Zain Oberoi and invites the couple to their Alibaug beach house",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Zain and Alisha bond due to their traumatic past and flirt with each other",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Later, Alisha kisses him, regretting it after, but learns that Karan has allowed Tia to read his draft and feels hurt as she had been asking to read it since a longtime",
27
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "She allows Zain back in and they begin an affair.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Zain gets his business to invest in Alisha's app",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He reveals to her that his father was violent towards him and his mother, which encouraged his move to America",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Later, Karan proposes Alisha in front of all his family and friends, including Tia and Zain, and Alisha accepts his proposal",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "She ends her affair with Zain to focus on her new beginnings with Karan",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "But she breaks up with Karan, after finding out that his book had been rejected, before he proposed, and he hid this from her",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "She and Zain continue their affair, and Zain tells her that he will end things with Tia, after returning her investment in his company",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Zain's company again invests in Alisha's app and provides her with a new yoga studio.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At Zain and Tia's anniversary party, Alisha reveals to Zain that she is pregnant",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Zain's company is placed under investigation when one of his investors is charged with money laundering",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "After Tia finds Alisha's anxiety pills in Zain's jacket, she confronts him",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He appeases her by saying that he is stressed from work",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Alisha's yoga studio is sealed by the investigating officers from Zain's company, and she confronts him, in front of his co-workers, during a business meeting",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Zain's business partner, Jitesh, deduces the truth about Zain's affair with Alisha",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Tia agrees to mortgage the beach house in Alibaug to save the company, but Zain sells it instead, convinced he can buy it back within a year",
87
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At Alibaug, Tia accuses him of having an affair and asks to see his phone",
91
+ "refs": []
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+ },
93
+ {
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+ "sentence": "When he shows her his phone, she feels guilty and signs the papers",
95
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Karan tells Alisha that Tia is helping Zain with his company and both are in Alibaug",
99
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "An angry Alisha gives Zain an ultimatum to reveal the truth to Tia, or she will.",
103
+ "refs": []
104
+ },
105
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Jitesh slyly suggests to Zain that he can use drugs to get rid of the evidence that Alisha is pregnant",
107
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Zain calls Alisha to his yacht and lies that he ended things with Tia",
111
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Alisha sees him mixing pills in her drink",
115
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Horrified, she tells Zain she wants to get back to land",
119
+ "refs": []
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+ },
121
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Zain sees Tia's incoming call on Alisha's phone and asks her to decline; when she refuses, he attempts to push her overboard, but slips and hits his head on the railing of the yacht, drowning in the sea, as a result",
123
+ "refs": []
124
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "A frightened Alisha rushes back home, where she has a miscarriage.",
127
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Tia calls the police and they find Zain's body",
131
+ "refs": []
132
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Jitesh, who knew about Zain's plan, threatens Alisha to get him the signed papers of the beach house sale or he will tell everyone the truth about their affair",
135
+ "refs": []
136
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Alisha does so and Jitesh covers up Zain's death as a suicide",
139
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Tia reveals to Alisha that her father Kumud had an affair with Sonali, and Alisha was actually born from their affair",
143
+ "refs": []
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "sentence": "Tia also informs her that Kumud had left the beach house in Alisha's name, in his will",
147
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Depressed, Alisha attempts to commit suicide, but is interrupted by Vinod",
151
+ "refs": []
152
+ },
153
+ {
154
+ "sentence": "By not wanting to feel suffocated like her mother, Alisha realizes she has ended up exactly like her",
155
+ "refs": []
156
+ },
157
+ {
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+ "sentence": "She questions Vinod on why he never told her the truth about Sonali, and he comforts her by telling her that he did not want Sonali's life to be defined by that one mistake.",
159
+ "refs": []
160
+ },
161
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Two years later, Alisha now has a better relationship with Vinod, and attends Karan's engagement party, where she meets Tia",
163
+ "refs": []
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "sentence": "Tia wonders if revealing the truth to her was right, but Alisha reassures her that it was",
167
+ "refs": []
168
+ },
169
+ {
170
+ "sentence": "Tia, who is still unaware of the affair between Zain and Alisha, agrees to mend their relationship",
171
+ "refs": []
172
+ },
173
+ {
174
+ "sentence": "Karan introduces them to his fianc\u00e9e's grandmother, who recognises Alisha instantly after recalling how she and Zain had helped her and her husband from a stranded boat",
175
+ "refs": []
176
+ },
177
+ {
178
+ "sentence": "Alisha stares blankly at the woman, realizing that she cannot escape her past without confronting it.",
179
+ "refs": []
180
+ }
181
+ ],
182
+ "subsections": []
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "section_title": "Cast",
186
+ "section_content": [],
187
+ "subsections": []
188
+ },
189
+ {
190
+ "section_title": "Production",
191
+ "section_content": [],
192
+ "subsections": [
193
+ {
194
+ "section_title": "Development",
195
+ "section_content": [
196
+ {
197
+ "sentence": "In April 2019, Shakun Batra was reported to direct the biopic on Osho, which was shelved",
198
+ "refs": []
199
+ },
200
+ {
201
+ "sentence": "During the 21st edition of the MAMI film festival in October 2019, Batra was reported to direct Deepika Padukone in the lead, labelling the film's genre as domestic noir",
202
+ "refs": [
203
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/alia-bhatt-keen-to-work-with-shakun-batra-on-osho-biopic/articleshow/68825981.cms"
204
+ ]
205
+ },
206
+ {
207
+ "sentence": "In December 2019, Padukone went to the office of Dharma Productions and met Batra, where a script discussion about the film was held for a few minutes",
208
+ "refs": [
209
+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-says-her-next-with-shakun-batra-isn-t-a-light-movie-it-s-called-domestic-noir-and-the-audience-is-ready-for-it/story-uwvybPebNNwzisNZtJY1OK.html"
210
+ ]
211
+ },
212
+ {
213
+ "sentence": "Impressed by the narration, Padukone confirmed that she had a part in the film",
214
+ "refs": [
215
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/deepika-padukone-to-unite-with-karan-johar-for-her-next/articleshow/72383415.cms"
216
+ ]
217
+ },
218
+ {
219
+ "sentence": "In mid-December 2019, it was further reported that Vicky Kaushal and Siddhant Chaturvedi were reported to be playing the male leads, and another actress was reported to be on-board for the project",
220
+ "refs": [
221
+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-says-her-next-with-shakun-batra-isn-t-a-light-movie-it-s-called-domestic-noir-and-the-audience-is-ready-for-it/story-uwvybPebNNwzisNZtJY1OK.html"
222
+ ]
223
+ },
224
+ {
225
+ "sentence": "The latter was finalized and, in the very same month, Ananya Panday was finalized as the second female lead",
226
+ "refs": [
227
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/after-allegedly-refusing-to-work-with-vicky-kaushal-in-padmaavat-deepika-padukone-to-star-opposite-him-in-her-next-with-karan-johar/articleshow/72396526.cms"
228
+ ]
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "sentence": "Dhairya Karwa was cast as Padukone's love interest in March 2020",
232
+ "refs": [
233
+ "https://www.filmfare.com/news/bollywood/shakun-batra-looking-to-cast-deepika-padukone-and-siddhanth-chaturvedi-in-his-next-37862.html/",
234
+ "https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/deepika-padukone-siddhant-chaturvedi-find-third-lead-ananya-panday-shakun-batra-directorial/"
235
+ ]
236
+ }
237
+ ],
238
+ "subsections": []
239
+ },
240
+ {
241
+ "section_title": "Filming",
242
+ "section_content": [
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "Pre-production of the film began in March 2020",
245
+ "refs": []
246
+ },
247
+ {
248
+ "sentence": "Initially, filming was to proceed in Sri Lanka, however, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown, the shoot was delayed by six months and moved to Goa, owing to its similar landscapes",
249
+ "refs": [
250
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/deepika-padukone-shares-a-glimpse-of-director-shakun-batra-turning-into-a-dj-while-she-goes-through-a-fitting-session/articleshow/74593617.cms"
251
+ ]
252
+ },
253
+ {
254
+ "sentence": "The first schedule began in September 2020 and lasted approximately one month",
255
+ "refs": [
256
+ "https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/deepika-padukone-ananya-panday-siddhant-chaturvedi-to-start-shooting-for-shakun-batras-next-in-goa-from-mid-september/articleshow/77917689.cms"
257
+ ]
258
+ },
259
+ {
260
+ "sentence": "The team returned to Mumbai in November 2020, where the filming resumed in December",
261
+ "refs": [
262
+ "https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/opinion/the-informer/airport-looks-are-back/articleshow/79009848.cms"
263
+ ]
264
+ },
265
+ {
266
+ "sentence": "Shooting for the next schedule commenced in Mumbai at the end of March 2021",
267
+ "refs": [
268
+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/bollywood/deepika-padukone-siddhant-chaturvedi-shoot-in-mumbai-for-shakun-batra-s-next-see-viral-pics-and-video/story-da6A6BX5pW1Ku7TlcXCXtI.html"
269
+ ]
270
+ },
271
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Filming was wrapped up in August 2021",
273
+ "refs": [
274
+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/ananya-panday-s-expressions-while-talking-to-siddhant-chaturvedi-are-unmissable-deepika-padukone-also-spotted-see-pics-101617114070500.html"
275
+ ]
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "sentence": "After being known as Production No",
279
+ "refs": [
280
+ "https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/deepika-padukone-shares-bts-pictures-ananya-panday-siddhant-chaturvedi-wraps-shakun-batras-untitled-next/",
281
+ "https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/ab-toh-title-rakhlo-siddhant-chaturvedi-ananya-panday-deepika-padukone-wrap-shoot-shakun-batras-untitled-next/",
282
+ "https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/features/ananya-panday-says-dont-want-film-end-deepika-padukone-wraps-shakun-batras-next/"
283
+ ]
284
+ },
285
+ {
286
+ "sentence": "70 for two years, a teaser was released on 20 December 2021, revealing the title of the film as Gehraiyaan",
287
+ "refs": []
288
+ },
289
+ {
290
+ "sentence": "The production had an \"intimacy department\" of intimacy coach Neha Vyas and intimacy coordinator Aastha Khanna lead by intimacy director Dar Gai",
291
+ "refs": []
292
+ }
293
+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
296
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
299
+ "section_title": "Music",
300
+ "section_content": [
301
+ {
302
+ "sentence": "The film's music and original score is composed by independent musical duo Kabeer Kathpalia a.k.a",
303
+ "refs": []
304
+ },
305
+ {
306
+ "sentence": "OAFF and Savera Mehta in their mainstream film debut",
307
+ "refs": []
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "Kausar Munir and Ankur Tewari wrote the lyrics for the songs",
311
+ "refs": [
312
+ "https://gadgets.ndtv.com/entertainment/news/gehraiyaan-movie-trailer-release-date-time-launch-deepika-padukone-ananya-panday-amazon-prime-video-2716417/"
313
+ ]
314
+ },
315
+ {
316
+ "sentence": "The track featured in the announcement teaser of the film is the Hindi version of \"Frontline\" sung by Lothika Jha and the Hindi lyrics were written by Tewari",
317
+ "refs": [
318
+ "https://twitter.com/ahummingheart/status/1472822913300516867"
319
+ ]
320
+ }
321
+ ],
322
+ "subsections": []
323
+ },
324
+ {
325
+ "section_title": "Reception",
326
+ "section_content": [
327
+ {
328
+ "sentence": "Gehraiyaan received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for its soundtrack, cinematography, visual style and performances of the cast; however its story, screenplay and climax received criticism",
329
+ "refs": []
330
+ },
331
+ {
332
+ "sentence": "Anna M",
333
+ "refs": []
334
+ },
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "M",
337
+ "refs": []
338
+ },
339
+ {
340
+ "sentence": "Vetticad of Firstpost gave the film a rating of 4/5 and wrote \"Gehraiyaan has an enigmatic air from its opening scene, and gradually takes on an additional layer of unrelenting foreboding\"",
341
+ "refs": []
342
+ },
343
+ {
344
+ "sentence": "Sanjana Jadhav of Pinkvilla gave the film a rating of 4 out of 5 and wrote \"Batra's Gehraiyaan is a deep dive into individual and family's past choices, relationships and why we do, what we do",
345
+ "refs": [
346
+ "https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/gehraiyaan-movie-review-deepika-padukone-is-all-kinds-of-breathtaking-10365851.html/amp"
347
+ ]
348
+ },
349
+ {
350
+ "sentence": "The director has successfully struck a balance of intimacy, shock, grief and above all love\"",
351
+ "refs": []
352
+ },
353
+ {
354
+ "sentence": "Renuka Vyavahare of The Times Of India gave the film 3.5 out of 5 and wrote \"Batra tries to decode complex human behaviour and its consequences, through a story that's tough to narrate\"",
355
+ "refs": [
356
+ "https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/reviews/gehraiyaan-review-deepika-padukone-steers-shakun-batras-complex-love-drama-remarkably-1020231"
357
+ ]
358
+ },
359
+ {
360
+ "sentence": "Umesh Punwani of Koimoi gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote \"All said and done, I don't remember when was the last time a film's title did so much justice to its story\"",
361
+ "refs": [
362
+ "https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/web-series/reviews/hindi/gehraiyaan/ottmoviereview/89428966.cms"
363
+ ]
364
+ },
365
+ {
366
+ "sentence": "Devesh Sharma of Filmfare gave the film a rating of 3.5/5 and wrote \"The film is shot quite beautifully by Kaushal Shah",
367
+ "refs": [
368
+ "https://www.koimoi.com/bollywood-movies/movie-reviews/gehraiyaan-movie-review-chaos-that-almost-soothes-you-thanks-to-deepika-padukone-shakun-batra-team/amp/"
369
+ ]
370
+ },
371
+ {
372
+ "sentence": "A technically sound film having some fine performances and carrying a hint of mystery as well\"",
373
+ "refs": []
374
+ },
375
+ {
376
+ "sentence": "Roktim Rajpal of Deccan Herald rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote \"Gehraiyaan makes an impact due to the effective screenplay and natural performances\"",
377
+ "refs": []
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "sentence": "Simran Singh of DNA India rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote \"Although the plot of Gehraiyaan isn't novel, the treatment of the subject leaves an impression\"",
381
+ "refs": [
382
+ "https://www.deccanherald.com/amp/entertainment/entertainment-news/gehraiyaan-movie-review-deepika-padukone-delivers-effective-performance-in-compelling-romantic-drama-1080319.html"
383
+ ]
384
+ },
385
+ {
386
+ "sentence": "Sukanya Verma of Rediff rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote \"Padukone embodies to perfection the Gehraiyaan in the title\"",
387
+ "refs": [
388
+ "https://www.dnaindia.com/bollywood/report-gehraiyaan-movie-review-deepika-padukone-ananya-panday-siddhant-chaturvedi-film-is-not-everyone-s-cup-of-tea-2933566/amp"
389
+ ]
390
+ },
391
+ {
392
+ "sentence": "Shilajit Mitra of The New Indian Express rated the film 3.5/5 stars and wrote \"As a narrative, Gehraiyaan goes commendably far for a mainstream Hindi film",
393
+ "refs": [
394
+ "https://www.m.rediff.com/amp/movies/review/gehraiyaan-review/20220211.htm"
395
+ ]
396
+ },
397
+ {
398
+ "sentence": "But its words tend to trip up the ride\"",
399
+ "refs": []
400
+ },
401
+ {
402
+ "sentence": "Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama rated the film 3/5 stars and wrote \"Gehraiyaan is a mature relationship drama with niche appeal, bravura performances and an exciting climax\"",
403
+ "refs": [
404
+ "https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2022/feb/12/gehraiyaan-review-shakun-batras-film-really-goes-there-2418321.amp"
405
+ ]
406
+ },
407
+ {
408
+ "sentence": "Phuong Le of The Guardian rated the film 3 out of 5 and said \"While the lurid twists and turns are enjoyable in a '90s erotic thriller kind of way, the sudden shift towards suspense doesn't hamper Padukone's performance",
409
+ "refs": [
410
+ "https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/amp/movie/gehraiyaan/critic-review/gehraiyaan-movie-review/with-an-exciting-climax-and-bravura-performances-gehraiyaan-makes-for-a-decent-watch/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "And what a performance it is!\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.theguardian.com/film/2022/feb/11/gehraiyaan-review-deepika-padukone-mesmerises-in-a-torrid-drama"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Shubhra Gupta of The Indian Express gave the film 2 out of 5 and wrote \"The foursome of Padukone-Chaturvedi-Panday-Karwa should have been a throbbing hot mess, but the film doesn't go deep enough\"",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
423
+ {
424
+ "sentence": "Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV gave the film 2 out of 5 and wrote \"The film is about youthful, adventurous love, but it is utterly devoid of humour and zing",
425
+ "refs": [
426
+ "https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/movie-review/gehraiyaan-movie-review-deepika-padukone-film-is-too-designed-choppy-7766719/"
427
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "When it tries to lighten up, it falls flat\"",
431
+ "refs": []
432
+ },
433
+ {
434
+ "sentence": "Shantanu Ray Chaudhari of The Free Press Journal gave the film 1 out of 5 and wrote \"The writing veers between the trite and the ridiculous.\"",
435
+ "refs": [
436
+ "https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/gehraiyaan-review-the-only-reason-to-invest-two-and-a-half-hours-deepika-padukone-2-stars-2761988",
437
+ "https://www.freepressjournal.in/entertainment/gehraiyaan-review-all-noise-zero-substance-make-this-deepika-padukone-starrer-a-horrifying-bad-film-with-flaws-of-great-depths"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Awards and nominations",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Notes",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "References",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
458
+ {
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+ "section_title": "External links",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "references": {
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1
+ {
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+ "title": "George_Young_(swimmer)",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Young_(swimmer)",
4
+ "summary": "George Young (3 March 1909 \u2013 6 August 1972) was a Canadian marathon swimmer who, on 15\u201316 January 1927, became the first person to swim the 22 mile channel between Catalina Island and the mainland of California. Though familiar to the Toronto swimming community, Young was only seventeen and a relative unknown in America, lacking the national recognition of a number of his competitors. Around three thousand spectators on Catalina Island watched the race begin. Young's 22 mile swim began with the sound of a starter's pistol on the Northeastern edge of Catalina Island at the narrow point of the Harbor at Isthmus Cove at 11:21 AM on Saturday, January 15, 1927, and ended the next morning after 15 hours 44 minutes at 3:06 AM on the rocky shores of Point Vicente Lighthouse, in Rancho Palos Verdes, South of downtown Los Angeles.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "Early swimming achievements",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "Unknown to the California crowds that thronged to meet him as he finished the race at Point Vicente, in Rancho Palos Verdes, Young was already considered a stand-out among Canadian amateur swimmers, with two victories at the Toronto Across-the-Bay Swim (1.25 miles) from 1923-4, and three at the Montreal Bridge-to-Bridge Swim",
11
+ "refs": [
12
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
13
+ ]
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "sentence": "At five, he had taken up swimming at Ontario's Wawa Hotel Northeast of Muskoka, and 140 miles North of Toronto, where his mother worked summers as a domestic",
17
+ "refs": []
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "sentence": "Later, while swimming with the Toronto West End YMCA in his hometown, he set local records for the 200, 220, 440, and 880 yard marks",
21
+ "refs": []
22
+ },
23
+ {
24
+ "sentence": "Young's Toronto coach Johnny Walker harbored the possibility of Olympic hopes for George",
25
+ "refs": [
26
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
27
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20030509232615/http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume6/54-57.htm"
28
+ ]
29
+ },
30
+ {
31
+ "sentence": "In 1924, Young completed an international mile swim championship in 23:41:30, matching his time in 1925",
32
+ "refs": []
33
+ }
34
+ ],
35
+ "subsections": [
36
+ {
37
+ "section_title": "Catalina swim training",
38
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
40
+ "sentence": "Young later claimed in a story he wrote for Regina's Leader-Post, he had once swum fifteen miles with rests at Muskoka, Ontario's WaWa Hotel in 1922",
41
+ "refs": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "sentence": "He completed several two-mile swims while remaining in the water for 2-3 hours in the cold Pacific, while watched by his coach Henry O'Byrne off Santa Monica in December 1926, a month prior to his Catalina Channel win",
45
+ "refs": []
46
+ },
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+ {
48
+ "sentence": "He trained for a little over two weeks with O'Bryne off Santa Monica Pier prior to the race to acclimate to the current and cold water, and night swims were included in his training",
49
+ "refs": []
50
+ }
51
+ ],
52
+ "subsections": []
53
+ }
54
+ ]
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "section_title": "Catalina channel swim",
58
+ "section_content": [
59
+ {
60
+ "sentence": "Young's 1927 Catalina swim took place as part of the William Wrigley Ocean Marathon, sponsored by chewing gum and sports magnate William Wrigley Jr",
61
+ "refs": []
62
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Wrigley owned a resort on Catalina Island centered on Avalon Harbor and wanted to advertise the beauty of the destination in the warm winter off season",
65
+ "refs": []
66
+ },
67
+ {
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+ "sentence": "As Wrigley anticipated, the Press wrote a great deal about the upcoming race, focusing on race strategies of swimming with the tides, rules, and the favorites, including Olympian Norman Ross",
69
+ "refs": []
70
+ },
71
+ {
72
+ "sentence": "Young was the only person to complete the 35-kilometre (22\u00a0mi) swim, which took him 15 hours and 44 minutes, in a field of around 102 swimmers, many well-known, with two having completed the English channel, Americans Henry Sullivan and Charles Toth",
73
+ "refs": [
74
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20110629153850/http://www.latimes.com/travel/destinations/southerncalifornia/la-os-swimside18oct18,1,4795932.story?coll=la-travel-southerncalifornia",
75
+ "https://www.ishof.org/canadian-open-water-swimmer-was-born-on/"
76
+ ]
77
+ },
78
+ {
79
+ "sentence": "Classified as a cold-water swim, the Catalina channel was only 54 F (13 C), at the start, with a fog and whitecaps, and though the average air temperature was in the low 60's, there was a cool evening breeze later that night",
80
+ "refs": []
81
+ },
82
+ {
83
+ "sentence": "Within a few years, the race would be held closer to the summer when water temperatures in the mid to high 60's were common",
84
+ "refs": []
85
+ },
86
+ {
87
+ "sentence": "Though he wore no wet suit, Young had graphite and a coating of grease originally close to a quarter inch think, under his bathing suit, as did many other competitors, though he wore no goggles by his own account",
88
+ "refs": []
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "sentence": "Rules forbid rubber suits, but allowed no suits at all if enough grease was applied",
92
+ "refs": []
93
+ },
94
+ {
95
+ "sentence": "At least one female competitor, Charlotte Schoemmell, a New York swim champion, with the eventual rules committee's approval, vowed to wear several pounds of thick grease and nothing else to prevent the chafing from the uncomfortable swim suits common in 1927",
96
+ "refs": []
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "The rules required each swimmer to have an escort boat clearly displaying the swimmer's number, and each escort boat had to be equipped with several days of food, water, gasoline and a first aid kit",
100
+ "refs": []
101
+ },
102
+ {
103
+ "sentence": "Young was fed hot chocolate and chicken broth as needed, as suggested by race consultant Gertrude Ederle who had recently become the first woman to swim the English channel",
104
+ "refs": []
105
+ },
106
+ {
107
+ "sentence": "All contestants had to remain in the water during feedings, however, and could have no support of any kind",
108
+ "refs": []
109
+ },
110
+ {
111
+ "sentence": "Wrigley kept a few hospital boats stationed within reach in case of an emergency",
112
+ "refs": []
113
+ },
114
+ {
115
+ "sentence": "By 5:00 P.M., only thirty swimmers remained in the water of the original 102 starters, and eventually all of Ross's competitors were pulled from the water exhausted before completing their swim, though a very few came very close to the California shore",
116
+ "refs": [
117
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20110629153850/http://www.latimes.com/travel/destinations/southerncalifornia/la-os-swimside18oct18,1,4795932.story?coll=la-travel-southerncalifornia"
118
+ ]
119
+ },
120
+ {
121
+ "sentence": "At his Catalina marathon win, Young met fellow competitor Toronto native Shier Mendelson, a veteran open water swimmer who had won the Toronto Across the Bay 1.5-mile competition four times",
122
+ "refs": [
123
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
124
+ "http://www.sportshall.ca/stories.html?proID=82&catID=all&lang=EN",
125
+ "https://openwaterpedia.com/index.php?title=Wrigley_Ocean_Marathon"
126
+ ]
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "sentence": "Mendelson did not finish, but he trained some with George off the Santa Monica Pier and would later become one of Young\u2019s managers and mentors and coach college swimmers as well",
130
+ "refs": []
131
+ }
132
+ ],
133
+ "subsections": [
134
+ {
135
+ "section_title": "Swam with tides",
136
+ "section_content": [
137
+ {
138
+ "sentence": "Young began his race swimming Northeast from the Santa Catalina's Isthmus Cove until a prevailing tide caught him and pushed him towards the finish at Point Vicente Lighthouse, in Palos Verdes, just South of Los Angeles on the California shore",
139
+ "refs": []
140
+ },
141
+ {
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+ "sentence": "According to his own account, he changed course during the swim to meet the opposition of the tides and to swim with the prevailing current at his back",
143
+ "refs": []
144
+ },
145
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Young also recounted that seven miles from Catalina he swam through a heavy 200 yard oil slick where he was required to keep his head and eyes out of the water",
147
+ "refs": [
148
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
149
+ ]
150
+ },
151
+ {
152
+ "sentence": "An offshore current went against his final few miles once he approached the California shore, requiring patience, rest, and additional effort, and he became entangled at times in beds of kelp",
153
+ "refs": [
154
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
155
+ ]
156
+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "sentence": "At the finish, the recently constructed Point Vicente Lighthouse guided him in, and spectators flashed their car lights, lit bonfires, and cheered him on",
159
+ "refs": []
160
+ },
161
+ {
162
+ "sentence": "George had removed his suit to prevent friction, and after reaching the shore quickly found the cover of his small escort boat",
163
+ "refs": []
164
+ }
165
+ ],
166
+ "subsections": []
167
+ },
168
+ {
169
+ "section_title": "Competition from Norman Ross",
170
+ "section_content": [
171
+ {
172
+ "sentence": "His winning Catalina swim earned him the name \"The Catalina Kid\" and a prize of $25,000, which he would see little of after paying debts and have to wait until he was 30 to collect",
173
+ "refs": []
174
+ },
175
+ {
176
+ "sentence": "Only seventeen and untried in such a highly publicized competition, to the general public he was an unknown in the world of distance swimming, particularly in California",
177
+ "refs": []
178
+ },
179
+ {
180
+ "sentence": "Race favorites included Charlotte Schoemmell, the first woman to swim around Manhattan Island, and Leo Purcell and Mark Wheeler, top California swimmers",
181
+ "refs": []
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "sentence": "Drawing public attention to the 1927 Catalina race, Young's closest competitor once the race began was 1920 triple Olympic gold medalist, American swimming star and West coast native Norman Ross who followed Young closely until near the final stretch",
185
+ "refs": []
186
+ },
187
+ {
188
+ "sentence": "Ross was forced to quit the race from cramps and fatigue at 2:40 am on the early morning of January 16, with only around three miles left, having trailed Young closely at many points for the first nineteen miles",
189
+ "refs": [
190
+ "https://www.ishof.org/canadian-open-water-swimmer-was-born-on/",
191
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20150905182623/http://ishof.org/george-young-(can).html"
192
+ ]
193
+ },
194
+ {
195
+ "sentence": "Two West coast women competitors, Margaret Hauser, and Martha Stager quit the race within two miles of shore and were to receive $2500 from Wrigley for their efforts",
196
+ "refs": [
197
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
198
+ ]
199
+ }
200
+ ],
201
+ "subsections": []
202
+ },
203
+ {
204
+ "section_title": "Public acclaim, with limited financial gain",
205
+ "section_content": [
206
+ {
207
+ "sentence": "Young became the source of a great deal of publicity and acclaim in California and after returning to Canada after his Catalina Channel win",
208
+ "refs": []
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "sentence": "A crowd of 150,000 lined the streets to catch a glimpse of him in his home-town Toronto, and he was met with large crowds in subsequent tours of several Ontario cities",
212
+ "refs": []
213
+ },
214
+ {
215
+ "sentence": "Press accounts noted that the City of Toronto presented George with a home in recognition of his win",
216
+ "refs": [
217
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20150905182623/http://ishof.org/george-young-(can).html",
218
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
219
+ ]
220
+ },
221
+ {
222
+ "sentence": "Miscalculating her son's future earnings, and unknown to him, Young's mother Jane had signed an agreement with Toronto native Henry \"Doc\" O'Byrne, a coach and trainer, that gave O'Byrne $10,000 of Young's $25,000 Catalina Marathon winnings, a 40% stake, which was to include additional income related to the Catalina marathon",
223
+ "refs": [
224
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
225
+ ]
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "sentence": "O'Byrne was in Young's escort boat during the race",
229
+ "refs": []
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "sentence": "Young made several well-paid appearances, staying on in California, but his earning from the swim and subsequent appearances may have been limited by his contract with and management by O'Byrne, according to a story in the Ontario Journal",
233
+ "refs": [
234
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
235
+ ]
236
+ },
237
+ {
238
+ "sentence": "A potential highly lucrative movie offer never came through, nor did a regular vaudeville stint as a result of O'Byrne's management",
239
+ "refs": [
240
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
241
+ ]
242
+ },
243
+ {
244
+ "sentence": "According to the Pasadena Post, Young did not receive his share of the Catalina Marathon winnings until 1940, as he was not to be paid until he reached 30, and the money was placed in a trust by Wrigley",
245
+ "refs": [
246
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
247
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20030509232615/http://collections.ic.gc.ca/heirloom_series/volume6/54-57.htm"
248
+ ]
249
+ },
250
+ {
251
+ "sentence": "As there were mounting debts in liens against his winnings, and a 40\u00a0% share to Coach and Manager Henry O'Byrne, Young only received $400, of his $15,000 share in 1940, a considerably reduced sum",
252
+ "refs": [
253
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
254
+ ]
255
+ },
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "In an interview in January of 1927, O'Byrne stated he would decline his 40% share, but it does not appear this occurred, and after debts, George still received little of his total winnings",
258
+ "refs": []
259
+ }
260
+ ],
261
+ "subsections": []
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+ }
263
+ ]
264
+ },
265
+ {
266
+ "section_title": "Inconsistent swimming career",
267
+ "section_content": [
268
+ {
269
+ "sentence": "After his Catalina Channel win, his future attempts at a long distance swimming career were inconsistent, failing to complete the Lake Ontario swims each year from 1927-1930",
270
+ "refs": []
271
+ },
272
+ {
273
+ "sentence": "His Lake Ontario marathons were all fifteen mile swims with the exception of the 1927 swim which was 21 miles",
274
+ "refs": []
275
+ },
276
+ {
277
+ "sentence": "A single Lake Ontario win in 1931 earned Young $10,000 and a 1928 win in the 20 mile Montreal to Repentigney Marathon earned Young only $350",
278
+ "refs": []
279
+ }
280
+ ],
281
+ "subsections": [
282
+ {
283
+ "section_title": "1927, 21-Mile Lake Ontario swim",
284
+ "section_content": [
285
+ {
286
+ "sentence": "He failed to finish several subsequent competitions, including a well-publicized 21-mile Canadian National Exhibition Marathon in Lake Ontario, the summer after his Catalina swim, which was won by German swimmer Ernst Vierkotter, also Vierkoetter, in August 1927, for a $30,000 prize",
287
+ "refs": []
288
+ },
289
+ {
290
+ "sentence": "Young was pulled from the water after five miles",
291
+ "refs": []
292
+ },
293
+ {
294
+ "sentence": "After he failed to complete several competitions, a few fickle members of the Press labeled him a quitter and public interest in Young began to wane",
295
+ "refs": [
296
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
297
+ ]
298
+ }
299
+ ],
300
+ "subsections": []
301
+ },
302
+ {
303
+ "section_title": "1928, 15-Mile Lake Ontario swim",
304
+ "section_content": [
305
+ {
306
+ "sentence": "In 1928, not a single swimmer of the 199 who started the 15-mile Lake Ontario marathon of the Canadian National Exhibition series on September 6 completed the swim, despite a hefty $25,000 prize being offer to the winner",
307
+ "refs": []
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "As many as 100,000 spectators were said to line the shoreline at the start",
311
+ "refs": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "sentence": "Young completed around seven miles and was well-placed among the top competitors, before he was pulled from the cold water",
315
+ "refs": []
316
+ },
317
+ {
318
+ "sentence": "Close competitors included Norman Ross and German swimmer Ernst Vierkoetter who fought for the lead in the early race",
319
+ "refs": []
320
+ },
321
+ {
322
+ "sentence": "Georges Michel, a Frenchmen completed 12 1/2 miles before being pulled from the lake",
323
+ "refs": []
324
+ }
325
+ ],
326
+ "subsections": []
327
+ },
328
+ {
329
+ "section_title": "Wins Sept 1928 Montreal to Repentigney Marathon",
330
+ "section_content": [
331
+ {
332
+ "sentence": "In late August of 1928, George won a swim in the St",
333
+ "refs": []
334
+ },
335
+ {
336
+ "sentence": "Lawrence, beginning at the Montreal's Victoria Pier, known as the Montreal to Repentigney Marathon",
337
+ "refs": []
338
+ },
339
+ {
340
+ "sentence": "Twenty-four swimmers competed",
341
+ "refs": []
342
+ },
343
+ {
344
+ "sentence": "According to the Windsor Star, Young completed a lengthy distance, stated as 20 miles, in 3 hours 58 minutes, which seems far too fast a time, but he was pushed by the St",
345
+ "refs": []
346
+ },
347
+ {
348
+ "sentence": "Lawrence's strong Northeasterly current at his back",
349
+ "refs": []
350
+ },
351
+ {
352
+ "sentence": "At the time of the race, Young was still backed and sponsored by sports manager Teddy Oke",
353
+ "refs": []
354
+ },
355
+ {
356
+ "sentence": "George took home the LaPress Trophy, a $250 cash prize, and two lap prizes of $50, bringing his earnings to $350",
357
+ "refs": [
358
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
359
+ ]
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "sentence": "Edgar Findlay of Montreal finished second",
363
+ "refs": []
364
+ },
365
+ {
366
+ "sentence": "That summer, Young was involved in a controversy between two women he was dating who both claimed he had proposed marriage; swimmer Jewel Cheatwood, a 19-year old Terra Haute School Teacher who had trained with George's swim coach Johnny Walker and to whom he had given a ring, and Lorraine Moolenaar",
367
+ "refs": []
368
+ }
369
+ ],
370
+ "subsections": []
371
+ },
372
+ {
373
+ "section_title": "1929, 15-mile Lake Ontario swim",
374
+ "section_content": [
375
+ {
376
+ "sentence": "George was forced to withdraw due to cramping from a 15-mile Lake Ontario Marathon Swim, part of the Canadian National Exhibition sponsored by William Wrigley in August 1929 after completing around six miles, and remaining in the water about 2 hours 50 minutes",
377
+ "refs": []
378
+ },
379
+ {
380
+ "sentence": "The race had a hefty $35,000 first prize",
381
+ "refs": []
382
+ },
383
+ {
384
+ "sentence": "Norman Ross was near the lead at the time",
385
+ "refs": [
386
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
387
+ ]
388
+ },
389
+ {
390
+ "sentence": "Stockbroker and sports manager Teddy Oke was Young's sponsor and was disappointed as it was the third major race from which Young had withdrawn",
391
+ "refs": []
392
+ },
393
+ {
394
+ "sentence": "Oke had reportedly lost a $10,000 bet on Young",
395
+ "refs": []
396
+ },
397
+ {
398
+ "sentence": "In a field of 237, Edward Keating won the race in 8:18:13 followed by Earnst Vierkoetter, and Norman Ross",
399
+ "refs": [
400
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
401
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
402
+ ]
403
+ }
404
+ ],
405
+ "subsections": []
406
+ },
407
+ {
408
+ "section_title": "1930, 15-mile Lake Ontario swim",
409
+ "section_content": [
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "Out of 173 starters, nineteen year-old Marvin Nelson of Fort Dodge, Iowa won the August 1930, 15-Mile Lake Ontario Marathon Swim in record time taking the $10,000 prize, though in the previous year's race, he had suffered and been pulled from the water only half conscious",
412
+ "refs": []
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "sentence": "George Young was pulled from the water, which was warmer than the prior year, after about six miles",
416
+ "refs": []
417
+ }
418
+ ],
419
+ "subsections": []
420
+ },
421
+ {
422
+ "section_title": "Wins 1931 Lake Ontario win",
423
+ "section_content": [
424
+ {
425
+ "sentence": "In what was likely his last lucrative victory, at 22, Young won a 15-mile buoy-marked $10,000 Canadian National Exhibition distance swim in Lake Ontario held on September 2, 1931 in 8 hours, 8 minutes and 36 seconds, marking his second major victory, as a professional long distance competitor",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The amount would very roughly equal $183,827 Canadian in 2023, or $141,000 US Dollars",
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+ },
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+ {
433
+ "sentence": "Only 3 of 182 entries finished the race in the cold water lake",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.in2013dollars.com/canada/inflation/1931"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Late swim career",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Young continued to attempt swims as late as the mid-1930's",
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+ "sentence": "Around July 22, 1934, Young failed to complete a 15-Mile swim in Lake Michigan, swimming around five miles before suffering from cramps",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He was scheduled to swim a lucrative $2,750 five mile match race against former rival Marvin Nelson of Iowa in Lake Ontario on September 6, 1935, but Nelson won the match with a time of 2:32:45, by only 12 yards, indicating Young was still fit and trained at the time",
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+ "sentence": "Young swam a subsequent nine mile race against Marvin Nelson in 1935 for $500 in Lake Nipissing in North Bay Ontario, near Muskoka, Ontario",
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+ "sentence": "Bullbrook started the race, but when darkness cut it short due to a large and demanding crowd delaying the start time, Nelson was declared the winner as he was ahead at the time",
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+ "section_title": "Swim retirement and marriage",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He retired from competitive swimming likely sometime in the mid to late 1930's, but the depression put a damper on his search for employment",
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+ "sentence": "In the 1930's George worked in Vaudeville while audiences paid to see him swim in a glass tank",
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+ "sentence": "Oke had financially backed and managed Young when he was training in 1929 for the Wrigley Marathon Swim, part of the Canadian National Exhibition",
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+ {
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Young met Margaret Ravoir of Philadelphia, an early 1930's romantic interest of George's and accomplished swimmer herself, while training for a Canadian National Exhibition in 1930",
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+ "sentence": "The marriage sparked additional publicity for George, and was covered by the New York Times",
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+ "sentence": "Young later married his second wife, Glay, who died in July 1953 in Philadelphia, but was buried at Niagara Falls, Ontario",
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+ "sentence": "Several sources noted he relocated to Canada around 1953, after her death",
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Late professional life",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "He was employed briefly as an Electrician's helper in Philadelphia, but found longer term work as a mechanic on the Pennsylvania Railroad in Philadelphia until around 1953 and the death of his second wife Glay",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "According to one source he worked for a period at a logging camp in Northern Ontario after moving back to Canada, but few sources accurately detail his professional life after 1935",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "By 1963, a reliable source noted that he had worked for a while during the summer as a handyman at an Ontario Summer camp in Baysville, North of Toronto",
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+ "sentence": "He later found work at the Parks Commission in Niagara Falls, Ontario, as a Forest Ranger until his own death in August 1972",
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+ "sentence": "Prior to his death he collapsed on the way to a phone booth after trying to push a stalled Parks Commission truck he had been driving",
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+ "refs": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Honors",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In early recognition, Young was voted as an Associate for Life in the International Professional Swimmers Association founded in New York City in 1927",
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+ "sentence": "Despite dwindling fame and a life of relative obscurity after the mid-1930's, the Canadian Press's fascination with Young's 1927 achievement endured",
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626
+ "sentence": "In 1963, in a slightly different honor by the International Swimming Hall of Fame, he was honored as an inductee into the International Marathon Swimming Hall of Fame",
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642
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+ "section_title": "External links",
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+ "1": "https://www.ancestry.com/mediaui-viewer/tree/101083242/person/280006761626/media/0a0996da-fe27-46ae-8dc6-a79a4947195e",
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+ "2": "http://www.sportshall.ca/stories.html?proID=82&catID=all&lang=EN",
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+ "3": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "4": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "5": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110629153850/http://www.latimes.com/travel/destinations/southerncalifornia/la-os-swimside18oct18,1,4795932.story?coll=la-travel-southerncalifornia",
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+ "6": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "8": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "9": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "10": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "11": "https://www.ishof.org/canadian-open-water-swimmer-was-born-on/",
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+ "12": "https://swimcatalina.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/catalinachannelhistory_wrigley_marathon_swim-1.pdf",
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+ "13": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
665
+ "14": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "15": "https://openwaterpedia.com/index.php?title=Wrigley_Ocean_Marathon",
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+ "16": "https://www.openwaterswimming.com/george-young-in-1924/",
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+ "17": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "18": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150905182623/http://ishof.org/george-young-(can).html",
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+ "33": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "34": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "35": "https://www.in2013dollars.com/canada/inflation/1931",
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+ "36": "https://www.openwaterpedia.com/index.php?title=George_Young",
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+ "37": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "38": "https://longswims.com/events/canadian-national-exhibition/1931/",
690
+ "39": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "40": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "41": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "46": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "47": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "48": "https://longswims.com/events/canadian-national-exhibition/1931/",
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+ "49": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "50": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "51": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "52": "https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,744310,00.html",
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+ "53": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "54": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "56": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "57": "https://www.imshof.org/_files/ugd/bd1926_bff2284e6528453c95a9abd657ec9af8.pdf"
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+ {
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+ "title": "Georgia_Guidestones",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_Guidestones",
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+ "summary": "The Georgia Guidestones was a granite monument that stood in Elbert County, Georgia, United States, from 1980 to 2022. It was 19 feet 3 inches (5.87 m) tall and made from six granite slabs weighing a total of 237,746 pounds (107,840 kg). The structure was sometimes referred to as an \"American Stonehenge\". The monument's creators believed that there was going to be an upcoming social, nuclear, or economic calamity and they wanted the monument to serve as a guide for humanity in the world which would exist after it. Controversial from its time of construction, it ultimately became the subject of conspiracy theories which alleged that it was connected to Satanism.On the morning of July 6, 2022, the guidestones were heavily damaged in a bombing from a vandal, and the debris and guidestones were removed by the local government later that day. In late July, Elberton Mayor Daniel Graves announced plans to rebuild the monument. However, on August 8, the Elbert County Board of Commissioners voted to donate the remains of the monument to the Elberton Granite Association and return the 5 acres (2 ha) of land on which the monument was erected to its previous owner.",
5
+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "History",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
10
+ {
11
+ "section_title": "Construction",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In June 1979, a man using the pseudonym Robert C",
15
+ "refs": []
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+ },
17
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Christian approached the Elberton Granite Finishing Company on behalf of \"a small group of loyal Americans\", and commissioned the structure",
19
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Christian explained that the stones would function as a compass, calendar, and clock, and should be capable of \"withstanding catastrophic events\"",
23
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The man reportedly used the pseudonym as a reference to the Christian religion",
27
+ "refs": [
28
+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Christian said that he wanted to build a granite monument that would rival the British Neolithic monument Stonehenge, which he drew inspiration from after paying it a visit",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/georgia-guidestones/",
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105132194/georgia-guidestones-associated-press/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "However, he said that while it was impressive, Stonehenge had no message to communicate",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102262701/anderson-independent/",
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36439689/georgia-guidestones-dedicated-march/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Joe Fendley of Elberton Granite believed that Christian was \"a nut\" and he attempted to discourage him by providing a price quote for the commission which was several times higher than any project which the company had previously undertaken, explaining that the construction of the guidestones would require additional tools and consultants",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "To Fendley's surprise, Christian accepted the quote",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "When arranging payment, Christian claimed that he represented a group which had been planning to construct the guidestones for 20 years and wanted to remain anonymous",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Christian said he had chosen Elbert County because of its abundance of local granite, the rural nature of its landscape, its mild climate, and family ties to the region",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The total cost of the project was not revealed, but it was over US$100,000 (equivalent to $400,000 in 2022)",
67
+ "refs": [
68
+ "https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/georgia-guidestones/",
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102262605/anderson-independent/",
70
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105183680/georgia-guidestones/"
71
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Christian delivered a scale model of the guidestones and ten pages of specifications",
75
+ "refs": []
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+ },
77
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The 5-acre (2-hectare) site was purchased by Christian from a local farm owner",
79
+ "refs": [
80
+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The owner and his children were given lifetime cattle grazing rights on the guidestones site",
85
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105124003/the-charlotte-observer/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The monument was located off Georgia State Route 77 around 7 miles (11\u00a0km) north of the city of Elberton",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On March 22, 1980, the monument was unveiled by congressman Doug Barnard before an audience of between 200 and 300 people",
97
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At the unveiling, the Master of Ceremonies read a message to the gathered audience:",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36439689/georgia-guidestones-dedicated-march/",
103
+ "https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/georgia-guidestones/"
104
+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Christian later transferred ownership of the land and the guidestones to Elbert County",
108
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "By 1981, barbed wire fencing had to be erected around the monument to keep cattle out, as they had been using it for a scratching post",
112
+ "refs": [
113
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105124003/the-charlotte-observer/"
114
+ ]
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+ },
116
+ {
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+ "sentence": "A man who identified himself as Robert Christian published a book titled Common Sense Renewed (1986), which described the ideology of the guidestones",
118
+ "refs": []
119
+ },
120
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The author wrote:",
122
+ "refs": []
123
+ },
124
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Fendley believed that the monument would become a regional tourist attraction",
126
+ "refs": []
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "sentence": "As of 2022, 20,000 annual visitors were reported",
130
+ "refs": [
131
+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102262701/anderson-independent/"
132
+ ]
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "sentence": "Dark Clouds Over Elberton: The True Story of the Georgia Guidestones (2015) is a documentary film purporting to expose the true identity of Robert Christian",
136
+ "refs": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The makers of the documentary claimed to have investigated and interviewed a banker who was involved in the financial arrangements for the construction of the monument",
140
+ "refs": [
141
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEa3sK1iZxc&t=13m50s"
142
+ ]
143
+ }
144
+ ],
145
+ "subsections": []
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "section_title": "Reaction",
149
+ "section_content": [
150
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The monument was controversial even before it was unveiled",
152
+ "refs": []
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+ },
154
+ {
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+ "sentence": "Some locals referred to its construction as 'the devil's work'",
156
+ "refs": []
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+ },
158
+ {
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+ "sentence": "A local minister warned that \"occult groups\" would visit the site and that a sacrifice was imminent",
160
+ "refs": []
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+ },
162
+ {
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+ "sentence": "A 2009 Wired article also noted that sandblaster Charlie Clamp spent hundreds of hours on the etching, during which time he was \"constantly distracted by strange music and disjointed voices\"",
164
+ "refs": []
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+ },
166
+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 2008, the stones were defaced with aerosol paint and graffiti with slogans such as \"Death to the New World Order\"",
168
+ "refs": []
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "sentence": "Wired magazine called the defacement \"the first serious act of vandalism in the guidestones' history\"",
172
+ "refs": [
173
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62073675"
174
+ ]
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "In September 2014, an employee of the Elbert County maintenance department contacted the Federal Bureau of Investigation when the stones were vandalized with graffiti including the phrase: \"I Am Isis, goddess of love.\" After the acts of vandalism, security cameras were installed on the site",
178
+ "refs": [
179
+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1",
180
+ "http://onlineathens.com/local-news/2014-09-08/vandals-deface-mysterious-georgia-guidestones-elbert-county"
181
+ ]
182
+ },
183
+ {
184
+ "sentence": "Kandiss Taylor, a candidate in the 2022 Georgia Republican gubernatorial primary, called the Guidestones \"Satanic\" in a campaign ad; her campaign platform called for the monument to be removed",
185
+ "refs": []
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+ }
187
+ ],
188
+ "subsections": []
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+ },
190
+ {
191
+ "section_title": "Destruction",
192
+ "section_content": [
193
+ {
194
+ "sentence": "On July 6, 2022, an explosive device was detonated at the site, destroying the Swahili/Hindi language slab and causing significant damage to the capstone",
195
+ "refs": []
196
+ },
197
+ {
198
+ "sentence": "Nearby residents reportedly heard and felt explosions at around 4:00\u00a0a.m",
199
+ "refs": []
200
+ },
201
+ {
202
+ "sentence": "CCTV footage recorded a vehicle leaving the scene and police investigated the incident",
203
+ "refs": [
204
+ "https://www.wgauradio.com/news/local/georgia-guidestones-elbert-county-vandalized/GWAPDZUFWJAFRPMNBHI5AULTKE/",
205
+ "https://www.wyff4.com/article/georgia-guidestones-possible-explosion/40525569#"
206
+ ]
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "The remaining stones were dismantled by authorities for safety reasons later in the day with a backhoe, according to the Georgia Bureau of Investigation (GBI)",
210
+ "refs": [
211
+ "https://www.wyff4.com/article/georgia-guidestones-possible-explosion/40525569#"
212
+ ]
213
+ },
214
+ {
215
+ "sentence": "The Elberton Star reported that digging showed no evidence that there was ever a time capsule located beneath the Georgia Guidestones",
216
+ "refs": [
217
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/us/explosion-rocks-georgia-guidestones-dubbed-americas-stonehenge-2022-07-07/",
218
+ "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/georgia-monument-called-satanic-gubernatorial-candidate-destroyed-expl-rcna37039"
219
+ ]
220
+ }
221
+ ],
222
+ "subsections": [
223
+ {
224
+ "section_title": "Aftermath",
225
+ "section_content": [
226
+ {
227
+ "sentence": "The Elbert County Sheriff's Office investigated the bombing, with assistance from the GBI",
228
+ "refs": []
229
+ },
230
+ {
231
+ "sentence": "On the evening of the bombing, the GBI released a video showing both the explosion, and a vehicle of interest leaving the scene shortly before",
232
+ "refs": [
233
+ "https://www.fox5ny.com/news/georgia-guidestones-explosion-elberton.amp"
234
+ ]
235
+ },
236
+ {
237
+ "sentence": "No motive has been publicly shared, and no suspects publicly identified",
238
+ "refs": [
239
+ "https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/gbi-releases-surveillance-video-explosion-georgia-guidestones-car-speeding-away/LTC55PEKYBBPVMJE3GOMBR4KSQ/"
240
+ ]
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+ },
242
+ {
243
+ "sentence": "On July 14, 2022, and again on July 25, 2022, the GBI gave an update, with no significant progress on the case being made since the bombing",
244
+ "refs": [
245
+ "https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/georgia-guidestones-damaged-explosion-stonehenge-b2117290.html"
246
+ ]
247
+ },
248
+ {
249
+ "sentence": "Prosecutors suggested that as the guidestones were maintained by the county, they were considered a public building, thus their destruction would carry a minimum sentence of 20 years in prison",
250
+ "refs": [
251
+ "https://www.onlineathens.com/story/news/2022/07/14/gbi-still-trying-crack-mystery-who-bombed-georgia-guidestones/10050173002/",
252
+ "https://www.nationalreview.com/news/georgia-authorities-have-yet-to-identify-suspect-in-guidestones-explosion/"
253
+ ]
254
+ },
255
+ {
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+ "sentence": "In late July 2022, Elberton Mayor Daniel Graves said the town planned to rebuild the monument exactly as it was, adding \"We're just getting geared up and excited about rebuilding them",
257
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It's going to happen",
261
+ "refs": []
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+ },
263
+ {
264
+ "sentence": "It may take us six months to a year to do it, but we are going to do it.\" On August 8, 2022, the Elberton city council voted to begin legal proceedings to return the five acres of land the monument had been built on to its previous owner, a local farm",
265
+ "refs": [
266
+ "https://www.gpb.org/news/2022/07/21/battleground-ballot-box-after-the-georgia-guidestones-bombing-community-picks-the"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The city council announced that the remains of the monument, which had been moved to a third-party location for safety reasons, would be given to the Elberton Granite Association",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Both the Elberton Granite Association and the Elberton city council expressed doubt that the guidestones would be rebuilt, but expressed hope that one day it could happen",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Description",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Inscriptions",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "A message consisting of a set of ten guidelines or principles was engraved on the Georgia Guidestones in eight different languages, one language on each face of the four large upright stones",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Moving clockwise around the structure from due north, these languages were English, Spanish, Swahili, Hindi, Hebrew, Arabic, Traditional Chinese, and Russian",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The languages were chosen because they represented most of humanity, except for Hebrew, which was chosen because of its connections to Judaism and Christianity",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105132194/georgia-guidestones-associated-press/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "According to the monument's sponsors, the inscriptions are meant to guide humanity to conserve nature after a nuclear war, which the creators thought was an imminent threat",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105132194/georgia-guidestones-associated-press/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The inscriptions dealt with four main themes: \"governance and the establishment of a world government, population and reproduction control, the environment and humankind's relationship to nature, and spirituality.\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/105132194/georgia-guidestones-associated-press/",
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36439689/georgia-guidestones-dedicated-march/",
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+ "https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/georgia-guidestones/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The inscription read:",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/georgia-guidestones/",
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+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-62073675"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Explanatory tablet",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "A few feet to the west of the monument, an additional granite ledger had been set level with the ground",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "This tablet identified the structure and the languages used on it and listed various facts about the size, weight, and astronomical features of the stones, the date it was installed, and the sponsors of the project",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "It referred to a time capsule buried under the tablet, but blank spaces on the stone intended for filling in the dates on which the capsule was buried and was to be opened had not been inscribed, so it was uncertain if the time capsule was ever actually put in place",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "During the removal of the monument in July 2022, county officials dug six feet down underneath this tablet to check for a time capsule, but found nothing",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The text of the explanatory tablet was somewhat inconsistent with respect to punctuation and misspelled the word \"pseudonym\"",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The original spelling, punctuation, and line breaks in the text have been preserved in the transcription (letter case is not)",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At the top center of the tablet was written:",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Immediately below this was the outline of a square, inside which was written:",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Around the edges of the square were written translations to four ancient languages, one per edge",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Starting from the top and proceeding clockwise, they were: Babylonian (in cuneiform script), Classical Greek, Sanskrit and Ancient Egyptian (in hieroglyphs)",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On the left side of the tablet was a column of text (metric conversion added):",
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+ "sentence": "The words appeared as shown under the time capsule heading; no dates were engraved.",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Physical data",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On the right side of the tablet was a column of text (metric conversions added):",
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+ }
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Guidestone languages",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Below the two columns of text were written the caption \"GUIDESTONE LANGUAGES\", with a diagram of the granite slab layout beneath it",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The names of eight modern languages were inscribed along the long edges of the projecting rectangles, one per edge",
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+ },
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+ "sentence": "Starting from due north and moving clockwise around so that the upper edge of the northeast rectangle was listed first, they were English, Spanish, Swahili, Hindi, Hebrew, Arabic, Chinese, and Russian",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At the bottom center of the tablet was the text:",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Astronomical features",
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The four outer stones were oriented to mark the limits of the 18.6 year lunar declination cycle",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The center column featured a hole drilled at an angle from one side to the other, through which the North Star could be seen",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20090112220117/http://www.georgiamountains.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=156&Itemid=28"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The same pillar had a slot carved through it which was aligned with the Sun's solstices and equinoxes",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "A 7\u20448-in (22\u00a0mm) aperture in the capstone allowed a ray of sun to pass through at noon each day, shining a beam on the center stone indicating the day of the year",
434
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "University of Georgia Astronomer Loris Magnani referred to these features as \"mediocre at best\" and sees them as \"an abacus compared to Stonehenge\u2019s computer\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Interpretations",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "When commissioning the guidestones, Christian described them as a guide for future generations to manage limited resources, potentially in the face of nuclear war",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Yoko Ono said the inscribed messages were \"a stirring call to rational thinking\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36439689/georgia-guidestones-dedicated-march/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "However, the guidestones' inscriptions have also been accused of promoting eugenics and genocide",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Conspiracy theories",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The guidestones became a subject of interest for conspiracy theorists",
473
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Wired stated that unspecified opponents have labeled them the \"Ten Commandments of the Antichrist\"",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/georgia-guidestones/"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Some conservative Christians have called the monument Satanic",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Right-wing activist Mark Dice demanded that the guidestones should \"be smashed into a million pieces, and then the rubble should be used for a construction project\", claiming that the guidestones are of \"a deep Satanic origin\", and that R",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20120421094844/http://www.elberton.com/articles/2005/05/18/news/news03.txt"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "C",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Christian belongs to \"a Luciferian secret society\" related to the New World Order",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "At the unveiling of the monument, a local minister proclaimed that he believed that the monument was \"for sun worshipers, for cult worship and for devil worship\"",
503
+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Conspiracy theorist Jay Weidner has said that the pseudonym of the man who commissioned the stones \u2013 \"R",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "C",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Christian\" \u2013 resembles Rose Cross Christian, or Christian Rosenkreuz, the founder of the Rosicrucian Order",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Others who agree with Weidner point to the Rosicrucian's first manifesto written in 1614, which states \u201cThe word R.C",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "should be their seal, mark and character\u201d",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "They also see similarities between the writing on the capstone, and the title of (Rosicrucian) Thomas Paine's The Age of Reason",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ "section_title": "See also",
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+ "section_title": "References",
545
+ "section_content": [],
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Further reading",
550
+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "External links",
555
+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "references": {
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+ "1": "https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/17-05/ff_guidestones?currentPage=1",
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+ "2": "https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/georgia-guidestones/",
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+ "3": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/georgia-monument-called-satanic-gubernatorial-candidate-destroyed-expl-rcna37039",
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+ "thomas paine": "PERSON"
730
+ },
731
+ "flair_entities": [
732
+ "arabic",
733
+ "common sense renewed",
734
+ "satanic",
735
+ "egyptian",
736
+ "christians",
737
+ "elberton star",
738
+ "elbert county board of commissioners",
739
+ "fendley",
740
+ "americans",
741
+ "joe fendley",
742
+ "elbert county sheriff's office",
743
+ "swahili",
744
+ "cctv",
745
+ "traditional chinese",
746
+ "republican",
747
+ "sanskrit",
748
+ "chinese",
749
+ "robert c",
750
+ "rosicrucian order",
751
+ "new world order",
752
+ "elberton granite association",
753
+ "satanism.on",
754
+ "spanish",
755
+ "rose cross",
756
+ "dark clouds over elberton: the true story of the georgia guidestones",
757
+ "christian rosenkreuz",
758
+ "rosicrucian",
759
+ "georgia state route 77",
760
+ "thomas paine",
761
+ "kandiss taylor",
762
+ "us",
763
+ "sun",
764
+ "yoko ono",
765
+ "british",
766
+ "ten commandments of the antichrist",
767
+ "elberton granite finishing company",
768
+ "mark dice",
769
+ "elberton",
770
+ "georgia",
771
+ "charlie clamp",
772
+ "university of georgia",
773
+ "wired",
774
+ "american stonehenge",
775
+ "english",
776
+ "north star",
777
+ "loris magnani",
778
+ "wired magazine",
779
+ "georgia guidestones",
780
+ "federal bureau of investigation",
781
+ "georgia bureau of investigation",
782
+ "luciferian",
783
+ "elberton granite",
784
+ "christianity",
785
+ "hebrew",
786
+ "russian",
787
+ "stonehenge",
788
+ "jay weidner",
789
+ "weidner",
790
+ "classical greek",
791
+ "babylonian",
792
+ "gbi",
793
+ "elbert county",
794
+ "daniel graves",
795
+ "doug barnard",
796
+ "christian",
797
+ "i am isis",
798
+ "hindi",
799
+ "judaism",
800
+ "united states",
801
+ "the age of reason",
802
+ "guidestones",
803
+ "robert christian"
804
+ ]
805
+ }
json/Good_News_International_Ministries.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,775 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Good_News_International_Ministries",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_News_International_Ministries",
4
+ "summary": "The Good News International Ministries (GNIM), or Good News International Church, commonly referred to as the Shakahola cult and previously referred to as the Servant P. N. Mackenzie Ministries, is a new religious movement which was based in Shakahola, Kilifi County, Kenya, and was founded by Paul Nthenge Mackenzie and his first wife in 2003.GNIM attracted international attention in April 2023 when it was revealed that Mackenzie had allegedly instructed members to starve themselves en masse to \"meet Jesus,\" which has resulted in the deaths of over 400 people. The group, widely described as a cult, is adamantly anti-Western, with amenities such as health care, education, and sports being dismissed as \"evils of western life\" and with Mackenzie condemning the United States, the United Nations, and the Catholic Church as \"tools of Satan\". The group also devotes much of its teachings to the end times. They are purportedly followers of the End-Time Message of William Branham. Homicide detectives working on the case alleged the group was radicalized by Branham's teachings, leading to their deaths. The group has been described as a doomsday cult.Mackenzie founded the GNIM in 2003 and accumulated a sizable following, largely due to convincing his followers that he could speak directly with God. Beginning in the late 2010s, Mackenzie's church began to receive a renewed wave of scrutiny regarding the internal practices of the organization. In 2017, Mackenzie and his wife faced several charges relating to the church. He was chastised for inciting students to abandon their education after denouncing it as \"ungodly\", as well as radicalizing and denying medical care to the children afterwards; several children died as a result and, in 2017, 93 children were rescued by government authorities from the group. After another arrest in 2019, he departed Malindi and headed to the Shakahola forest, where the mass starvation occurred in 2023.\nMacKenzie did not join his followers in the mass starvation, in fact, a dietary menu was found on the wall in one of the special houses in the forest believed to be his resting room. He is currently under police custody as the process of exhuming the bodies continues. Police authorities claimed that some bodies were missing organs, and believed they were being harvested and sold. However, this claim was refuted by Interior Cabinet Secretary Kithure Kindiki on 10 May. As of 8 May, autopsies performed on 112 of the exhumed bodies ruled out the possibility of organ harvesting.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "History",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "GNIM was founded in 2003 by Paul Nthenge Mackenzie, as a small church",
11
+ "refs": [
12
+ "https://www.citizen.digital/news/how-did-we-get-here-questions-arise-over-malindi-cult-that-has-been-operating-since-2003-n318494"
13
+ ]
14
+ },
15
+ {
16
+ "sentence": "Before the founding, Mackenzie worked as a taxi driver in Nairobi from 1997 to 2003, during which he was charged four times for his sermons but was acquitted due to lack of evidence",
17
+ "refs": [
18
+ "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/i-started-a-church-with-mackenzie-then-he-ruined-our-lives-4218394"
19
+ ]
20
+ },
21
+ {
22
+ "sentence": "When the church began to prosper, he moved to Migingo Village in Malindi",
23
+ "refs": [
24
+ "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001471011/stalled-case-of-pastor-in-cult-like-deaths-exposes-cracks-in-justice-system"
25
+ ]
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "sentence": "Mackenzie was able to amass a large following, largely via convincing his congregation that he could personally communicate with God",
29
+ "refs": []
30
+ },
31
+ {
32
+ "sentence": "In 2016, according to unconfirmed reports, a member of the group sold their property on the island of Lamu to Mackenzie for 20 million KSh and then gave the money to Mackenzie",
33
+ "refs": []
34
+ },
35
+ {
36
+ "sentence": "The preacher allegedly used this money to purchase property in the cities of Mombasa and Malindi as well as two vehicles, and to fund a television station to broadcast his message",
37
+ "refs": []
38
+ },
39
+ {
40
+ "sentence": "This move by certain followers convinced several other members to follow suit, selling their properties and giving money to the church",
41
+ "refs": []
42
+ },
43
+ {
44
+ "sentence": "In 2017, Mackenzie and his second wife, Joyce Mwikamba (1981\u20132018), were charged with promoting radicalization, but later declared innocent, as well as denying children access to health care and education and running an unauthorized school and television station; the latter precipitated the closure of the television station the following year by the Kenya Film Classification Board",
45
+ "refs": [
46
+ "https://twitter.com/ntvkenya/status/1658552153064067078",
47
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fn1VoCqbO7c"
48
+ ]
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "sentence": "Several children died as a result of the lack of health care, and in 2017, government authorities rescued 93 children from Mackenzie's church",
52
+ "refs": [
53
+ "https://web.archive.org/web/20230422194458/https://nation.africa/kenya/news/Cleric-in-extreme-teachings-case-still-detained/1056-4121862-15m5hyc/index.html",
54
+ "https://www.citizen.digital/news/malindi-cult-shock-as-12-more-graves-discovered-number-rises-to-27-n318390",
55
+ "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001347642/couple-accuses-pastor-of-holding-their-four-sons"
56
+ ]
57
+ },
58
+ {
59
+ "sentence": "In 2018, he was criticised by community leaders including the then-Malindi MP, Aisha Jumwa, and other activists for inciting children to drop out of school, often without parental consent",
60
+ "refs": [
61
+ "https://mpasho.co.ke/news/2023-04-24-11-things-you-didnt-know-about-shakahola-pastor-mackenzie/",
62
+ "https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/kilifi/aisha-jumwa-threatens-to-storm-good-news-church-122274",
63
+ "https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/kilifi/malindi-residents-want-church-opposed-to-education-closed-96240",
64
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0DBeuBPisE"
65
+ ]
66
+ },
67
+ {
68
+ "sentence": "Mackenzie was acquitted in one of two criminal cases related to these charges on 29 October 2021, while the other was dropped",
69
+ "refs": [
70
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU5OUp5bEsE"
71
+ ]
72
+ },
73
+ {
74
+ "sentence": "He is set to have a preliminary hearing on 26 June 2023 in a case that involves incitement to disobedience of the law, being in possession and distributing films to the public which had not been examined and classified by the Kenya Film Classification Board and operating a filming studio and producing films without a valid filming license from the board",
75
+ "refs": [
76
+ "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001471821/previous-criminal-cases-against-pastor-paul-mackenzie-and-good-news-international",
77
+ "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-28/another-pastor-arrested-as-deaths-toll-passes-100-in-kenyan-cult/102276402"
78
+ ]
79
+ },
80
+ {
81
+ "sentence": "In 2019, Mackenzie was arrested for inciting the public against registration for Huduma Namba by likening it to the mark of the beast",
82
+ "refs": []
83
+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "sentence": "A number of other church leaders shared Mackenzie's position at that time",
86
+ "refs": [
87
+ "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/pastor-paul-makenzi-in-trouble-again-157952"
88
+ ]
89
+ },
90
+ {
91
+ "sentence": "He was also accused of brainwashing and abducting children to join his group",
92
+ "refs": [
93
+ "https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/coast/2019-04-09-mombasa-church-curses-satanic-huduma-namba/",
94
+ "https://allafrica.com/stories/201904230645.html"
95
+ ]
96
+ },
97
+ {
98
+ "sentence": "It was after this incident that he closed his church in Migingo and moved to the remote location in Shakahola",
99
+ "refs": [
100
+ "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001347642/couple-accuses-pastor-of-holding-their-four-sons"
101
+ ]
102
+ },
103
+ {
104
+ "sentence": "Mackenzie claimed that GNIM had been shut down completely, but the British Broadcasting Corporation reported that his sermons continued after this date",
105
+ "refs": [
106
+ "https://www.tuko.co.ke/people/family/503292-the-making-a-cult-rise-pastor-paul-mckenzies-good-news-international-empire/"
107
+ ]
108
+ }
109
+ ],
110
+ "subsections": []
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "section_title": "Teachings",
114
+ "section_content": [
115
+ {
116
+ "sentence": "According to the group's website and news media reports, GNIM has been influenced by the End-Time Message of William Branham, an informal global network of churches that emerged from Oneness Pentecostalism",
117
+ "refs": []
118
+ },
119
+ {
120
+ "sentence": "Investigators uncovered booklets of Branham's teachings at the commune which were pictured in a news broadcast",
121
+ "refs": [
122
+ "https://mpasho.co.ke/news/2023-04-24-11-things-you-didnt-know-about-shakahola-pastor-mackenzie/",
123
+ "https://mandynews.com/malindi-cult-kenya-paul-nthenge-mackenzie/",
124
+ "http://goodnewsintlministries.blogspot.com/p/about-us.html?_sm_au_=iqVT4WQQJJHq3TqPRsp6kKs8G3jqt"
125
+ ]
126
+ },
127
+ {
128
+ "sentence": "Serpent seed is often asserted as descended from Wesley Swift's Christian Identity theology, though that is not exactly the case",
129
+ "refs": [
130
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9psIJugg3H8",
131
+ "https://www.spieltimes.com/news/39-bodies-found-on-paul-makenzi-kenya-pastors-land-followers-allegedly-fasted-to-death/"
132
+ ]
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "sentence": "Really, the \"serpent seed\" ideology is the predecessor of the \"dual seed\" rhetoric that informs Christian Identity",
136
+ "refs": []
137
+ },
138
+ {
139
+ "sentence": "Though, not all adherents are aware of its racial origins, the leaders still implement the teaching in such a way that it prevents racial mixing and enforces racial segregation",
140
+ "refs": []
141
+ },
142
+ {
143
+ "sentence": "Mackenzie's teachings have been described as placing a profound emphasis on end-time doomsday warnings",
144
+ "refs": []
145
+ },
146
+ {
147
+ "sentence": "Mackenzie's message was also anti-Western, and he railed against such \"evils of western life\" as medical services, education, food, sports, music, and \"the uselessness of life\"",
148
+ "refs": []
149
+ },
150
+ {
151
+ "sentence": "In a song titled \"The Antichrist\", he denounced the Catholic Church, the United States, and the United Nations as tools of Satan",
152
+ "refs": []
153
+ },
154
+ {
155
+ "sentence": "One media report alleged that he predicted that the world would end on 15 April 2023",
156
+ "refs": []
157
+ },
158
+ {
159
+ "sentence": "While a majority of the group's adherents have been Kenyans, some were originally from Tanzania, Uganda, and Nigeria",
160
+ "refs": []
161
+ }
162
+ ],
163
+ "subsections": []
164
+ },
165
+ {
166
+ "section_title": "Mass starvation",
167
+ "section_content": [
168
+ {
169
+ "sentence": "In the early weeks of April 2023, a man contacted the police after his wife and daughter left Nairobi to join Mackenzie's remote commune in Kilifi County and did not return",
170
+ "refs": []
171
+ },
172
+ {
173
+ "sentence": "When police entered the community to investigate, they discovered emaciated people and shallow graves",
174
+ "refs": []
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "Fifteen members of the group were rescued by police; they stated that they had been ordered to starve themselves to death to \"meet Jesus\"",
178
+ "refs": []
179
+ },
180
+ {
181
+ "sentence": "The 15 followers were in poor condition, and four died before they reached a hospital",
182
+ "refs": []
183
+ },
184
+ {
185
+ "sentence": "Over the following three weeks, police searched the 800-acre (3.2\u00a0km2) commune, finding more shallow graves and additional survivors who were starving to death",
186
+ "refs": []
187
+ },
188
+ {
189
+ "sentence": "The first bodies recovered from the graves were mostly children",
190
+ "refs": []
191
+ },
192
+ {
193
+ "sentence": "One of the graves was believed by police to contain the bodies of five members of the same family \u2013 three children and their parents",
194
+ "refs": []
195
+ },
196
+ {
197
+ "sentence": "One of the graves had up to six people inside it",
198
+ "refs": []
199
+ },
200
+ {
201
+ "sentence": "Another grave had 12 children in it",
202
+ "refs": []
203
+ },
204
+ {
205
+ "sentence": "Some of the bodies were not buried",
206
+ "refs": []
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "Authorities also discovered a number of other emaciated individuals, including one who had been buried alive for three days and was later taken to a hospital for treatment",
210
+ "refs": []
211
+ },
212
+ {
213
+ "sentence": "Local authorities began requesting assistance from other jurisdictions to help with efforts at the commune",
214
+ "refs": []
215
+ },
216
+ {
217
+ "sentence": "Authorities believed that an unknown number of missing people were still hiding in the forest on the commune and evading authorities while continuing to fast",
218
+ "refs": []
219
+ },
220
+ {
221
+ "sentence": "Authorities reported that members of the commune were actively trying to hinder their efforts to find survivors",
222
+ "refs": []
223
+ },
224
+ {
225
+ "sentence": "According to testimonies to police, Mackenzie told his followers \"the fast would count only if they gathered together, and offered them his farm as a fasting venue",
226
+ "refs": []
227
+ },
228
+ {
229
+ "sentence": "They were not to mingle with anyone from the 'outside' world if they wanted to go to heaven and were to destroy all documents given by the government, including national IDs and birth certificates.\" On 26 May, Interior Cabinet Secretary Kithure Kindiki said that Mackenzie hired criminals armed with crude weapons to kill followers who changed their minds about fasting and wanted out, as well as those who took too long to die",
230
+ "refs": [
231
+ "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/25/why-did-73-kenya-cult-members-starve-to-death"
232
+ ]
233
+ },
234
+ {
235
+ "sentence": "133 deaths were reported as of 10 May 2023, including eight who were rescued but later died",
236
+ "refs": [
237
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/kenyan-forest-death-cult-bodies-are-victims-highly-organised-crime-2023-05-09/"
238
+ ]
239
+ },
240
+ {
241
+ "sentence": "The majority of deaths were of children, with women being the next largest group, according to Kindiki",
242
+ "refs": [
243
+ "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-28/another-pastor-arrested-as-deaths-toll-passes-100-in-kenyan-cult/102276402"
244
+ ]
245
+ },
246
+ {
247
+ "sentence": "He additionally stated that not all deaths were by starvation, saying that \"there were other methods used, including hurting them, just by physical and preliminary observations.\" Autopsies conducted on more than 100 bodies showed that the victims died of starvation, strangulation, suffocation and blunt trauma",
248
+ "refs": [
249
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/children-account-majority-kenyan-cult-deaths-interior-minister-2023-04-28/",
250
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/children-account-majority-kenyan-cult-deaths-interior-minister-2023-04-28/"
251
+ ]
252
+ },
253
+ {
254
+ "sentence": "The Kenyan Red Cross reported on 30 April that 410 individuals, including 227 minors, were missing",
255
+ "refs": [
256
+ "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kenya-cult-death-toll-rises-to-200-with-more-than-600-reported-missing/"
257
+ ]
258
+ },
259
+ {
260
+ "sentence": "As of 2 August, the total number of reported deaths was 427, and the number of those reported missing was at least 613",
261
+ "refs": [
262
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/30/we-tried-to-stop-her-kenyan-teenager-tells-how-cult-starved-his-mother",
263
+ "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65423645",
264
+ "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/coast/article/2001478552/two-unborn-babies-raise-shakahola-deaths-to-427"
265
+ ]
266
+ },
267
+ {
268
+ "sentence": "As of 15 June, 95 had been rescued",
269
+ "refs": []
270
+ },
271
+ {
272
+ "sentence": "On 25 May, local news outlet K24TV noted that \"The exact number of people who perished in the massacre might never be known following reports that there are instances where bodies were plunged in random deep pit latrines scattered in the expansive Chakama ranch where cult leader Paul Mackenzie led an unknown number of his followers.\" On September 18 The Nation reported that a total of 429 bodies had been exhumed from Shakahola Forest, and that \u201cThe latest data indicates that 214 died from starvation, 39 from asphyxia, 14 from head injury, while 115 remain unascertained, and others from other causes.\u201d On 28 September The Standard reported that \u201cA multi-agency team\u2026has exhumed more than 450 bodies suspected to be followers of Pastor Paul Makenzi\u2019s church.\u201d",
273
+ "refs": [
274
+ "https://time.com/6287440/kenya-shakahola-mackenzie-death-cult/",
275
+ "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/shakahola-cult-613-people-reported-to-be-missing-4245540",
276
+ "https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2023-05-16-shakahola-horror-3-people-rescued-10-more-bodies-exhumed/",
277
+ "https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/kilifi/shakahola-cult-record-number-of-bodies-exhumed-total-now-179-4232522",
278
+ "https://www.k24tv.co.ke/news/kindiki-to-oversee-postmortem-of-129-bodies-103903/",
279
+ "https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/mombasa/shakahola-cult-state-seeks-to-detain-mackenzie-29-others-for-180-more-days-4372816",
280
+ "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/coast/article/2001482463/ps-omollo-shakahola-operation-to-end-soon"
281
+ ]
282
+ },
283
+ {
284
+ "sentence": "On 24 April, search teams had to stop digging for bodies until autopsies were completed on the first 90 bodies that were found because the Malindi Sub-County Hospital's morgue was running out of space to store the bodies",
285
+ "refs": []
286
+ },
287
+ {
288
+ "sentence": "On 28 April, it was reported that heavy rain was slowing rescue and recovery efforts",
289
+ "refs": [
290
+ "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kenya-starvation-cult-death-toll-rises-child-graves-shakahola-forest-massacre/"
291
+ ]
292
+ },
293
+ {
294
+ "sentence": "\"Mackenzie brainwashed his converts using William Branham's End of Days Theology, and convinced them that starvation could hasten their escape from this life to be with Jesus,\" detectives from the homicide unit said",
295
+ "refs": [
296
+ "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001471908/360-people-reported-missing-as-heavy-rains-disrupt-operation"
297
+ ]
298
+ },
299
+ {
300
+ "sentence": "Mackenzie, his third wife Rhoda Mumbua Maweu and 16 other members of his church were arrested by authorities and were being held in police custody as of 7 May 2023",
301
+ "refs": []
302
+ },
303
+ {
304
+ "sentence": "Mackenzie was denied bail on 10 May",
305
+ "refs": [
306
+ "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/shakahola-cult-paul-mackenzie-his-wife-and-16-followers-held-5-more-days-4224356"
307
+ ]
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "As of 14 June, the total number of those arrested was 36",
311
+ "refs": []
312
+ },
313
+ {
314
+ "sentence": "They have been charged with murder and terrorism-related offenses",
315
+ "refs": []
316
+ },
317
+ {
318
+ "sentence": "Police authorities claimed that some of the bodies were missing organs, which \"raised suspicions of forced harvesting\"",
319
+ "refs": []
320
+ },
321
+ {
322
+ "sentence": "However, on 10 May, Kindiki refuted these assertions as \"politicization of the probe into the massacre,\" and advised the public to \"treat it [allegedly missing body parts] as rumours",
323
+ "refs": [
324
+ "https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/east-africa-news/-some-of-the-shakahola-cult-victims-had-their-organs-missing--4228052",
325
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/09/autopsies-missing-organs-kenya-cult-deaths-police",
326
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/09/autopsies-missing-organs-kenya-cult-deaths-police"
327
+ ]
328
+ },
329
+ {
330
+ "sentence": "People who have facts are those on the ground not those in offices.\" As of 8 May, autopsies performed on 112 of the exhumed bodies ruled out the possibility of organ harvesting",
331
+ "refs": [
332
+ "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001472617/kindiki-dismisses-police-report-on-shakahola-body-organs-trade",
333
+ "https://www.tuko.co.ke/kenya/counties/505367-kithure-kindiki-differs-dci-shakahola-victims-body-organs/",
334
+ "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/coast/article/2001472477/keep-off-shakahola-forest-cs-kindiki-bans-politicians"
335
+ ]
336
+ },
337
+ {
338
+ "sentence": "On 12 June, 65 victims were arraigned for attempted suicide",
339
+ "refs": []
340
+ },
341
+ {
342
+ "sentence": "In Kenya, suicide is a misdemeanor, and is punishable by up to two years in prison",
343
+ "refs": []
344
+ },
345
+ {
346
+ "sentence": "Roseline Odede, chairperson of the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, criticized the attempted suicide charges, saying that \"Charging the survivors with attempted suicide is inappropriate and will retraumatize the survivors at a time when they most desperately require empathy, intense psycho-social assistance, rehabilitation, and community support.\" According to the Citizen Digital news service, \"The prosecution made an application to have them remanded in prison because the rescue centre can no longer hold them",
347
+ "refs": []
348
+ },
349
+ {
350
+ "sentence": "They are also set to undergo a mental and medical assessment and be forced to eat in prison.\"",
351
+ "refs": [
352
+ "https://time.com/6287440/kenya-shakahola-mackenzie-death-cult/",
353
+ "https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/realtime/2023-06-12-65-shakahola-victims-arraigned-for-attempted-suicide/",
354
+ "https://www.citizen.digital/news/shakahola-cult-65-survivors-charged-with-attempted-suicide-n321493"
355
+ ]
356
+ },
357
+ {
358
+ "sentence": "On 3 July, the Shanzu Magistrate Court released Mackenzie's wife, Rhoda Maweu, on a personal bond of KSH 100,000 (US $711) with a surety bond of KSH 300,000 (US $2,131)",
359
+ "refs": []
360
+ },
361
+ {
362
+ "sentence": "In his ruling, Shanzu Senior Principal Magistrate Yusuf Shikanda said the state had failed to prove why Maweu should continue being held with the other accused persons",
363
+ "refs": []
364
+ },
365
+ {
366
+ "sentence": "Rhoda Maweu had been in custody for 62 days",
367
+ "refs": []
368
+ },
369
+ {
370
+ "sentence": "The court also ruled Mackenzie and the 16 co-accused to remain in custody for another 30 days",
371
+ "refs": [
372
+ "https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2023-07-03-mackenzis-wife-granted-sh400000-bond-in-shakahola-deaths-case/"
373
+ ]
374
+ }
375
+ ],
376
+ "subsections": [
377
+ {
378
+ "section_title": "Reactions",
379
+ "section_content": [
380
+ {
381
+ "sentence": "Kenyan President William Ruto said Mackenzie's beliefs were contrary to authentic religion",
382
+ "refs": []
383
+ },
384
+ {
385
+ "sentence": "Ruto also said \"Mr Mackenzie, who acts as a pastor, is in fact a terrible criminal",
386
+ "refs": [
387
+ "https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/death-toll-kenyan-starvation-cult-rises-58-police-2023-04-24/",
388
+ "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdhptC3XbbM"
389
+ ]
390
+ },
391
+ {
392
+ "sentence": "Terrorists use religion to advance their heinous acts",
393
+ "refs": []
394
+ },
395
+ {
396
+ "sentence": "People like Mackenzie are using religion to do exactly the same thing,\" the Head of State said, adding that the cult leader and others like him should be in jail.\" He appointed a commission of inquiry into the deaths and created a task force to review the regulations governing religious organizations",
397
+ "refs": [
398
+ "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/politics/ruto-speaks-shakahola-cult-paul-mackenzie-belongs-in-jail-4210598"
399
+ ]
400
+ },
401
+ {
402
+ "sentence": "Interior Cabinet Secretary Kithure Kindiki said, \"This horrendous blight on our conscience must lead not only to the most severe punishment of the perpetrator(s) of the atrocity on so many innocent souls, but tighter regulation (including self-regulation) of every church, mosque, temple or synagogue going forward.\"",
403
+ "refs": [
404
+ "https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/number-of-bodies-exhumed-from-suspected-kenyan-cult-graves-jumps-to-47-101682280821087.html"
405
+ ]
406
+ }
407
+ ],
408
+ "subsections": []
409
+ }
410
+ ]
411
+ },
412
+ {
413
+ "section_title": "Second suspected Malindi cult",
414
+ "section_content": [
415
+ {
416
+ "sentence": "A second pastor, also based in Malindi, was arrested a few days after the Mackenzie starvation incident occurred",
417
+ "refs": []
418
+ },
419
+ {
420
+ "sentence": "Authorities said Ezekiel Odero, pastor of New Life Prayer Centre and Church in Mavueni, Kilifi County, would soon face criminal charges relating to the mass killing of his own followers",
421
+ "refs": []
422
+ },
423
+ {
424
+ "sentence": "Several deaths were recorded at his church between 2022 and 2023, and police believe those bodies may have been moved to Shakahola Forest",
425
+ "refs": [
426
+ "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/second-kenyan-pastor-accused-of-mass-killing-of-followers"
427
+ ]
428
+ },
429
+ {
430
+ "sentence": "Over 103 followers were evacuated from the church premises and will be expected to give statements",
431
+ "refs": [
432
+ "https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/kenya-cult-deaths-children-1.6826023"
433
+ ]
434
+ },
435
+ {
436
+ "sentence": "As of 27 April police had not yet confirmed whether the two groups are linked",
437
+ "refs": []
438
+ }
439
+ ],
440
+ "subsections": []
441
+ },
442
+ {
443
+ "section_title": "Church deregistration",
444
+ "section_content": [
445
+ {
446
+ "sentence": "On 18th August, the Registrar of Societies in Kenya deregistered Good News International Ministries as part of government's crackdown on unscrupulous churches",
447
+ "refs": []
448
+ }
449
+ ],
450
+ "subsections": []
451
+ },
452
+ {
453
+ "section_title": "See also",
454
+ "section_content": [],
455
+ "subsections": []
456
+ },
457
+ {
458
+ "section_title": "References",
459
+ "section_content": [],
460
+ "subsections": []
461
+ },
462
+ {
463
+ "section_title": "External links",
464
+ "section_content": [],
465
+ "subsections": []
466
+ }
467
+ ],
468
+ "references": {
469
+ "1": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/kenyan-authorities-find-39-bodies-during-investigation-of-religious-cult-leader",
470
+ "2": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/shakahola-death-toll-climbs-to-372-after-12-more-bodies-exhumed-n323399",
471
+ "3": "https://inform.ac/cult/",
472
+ "4": "https://mandynews.com/malindi-cult-kenya-paul-nthenge-mackenzie/",
473
+ "5": "https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/death-toll-kenyan-starvation-cult-has-risen-89-interior-minister-2023-04-25/",
474
+ "6": "https://mpasho.co.ke/news/2023-04-24-11-things-you-didnt-know-about-shakahola-pastor-mackenzie/",
475
+ "7": "https://www.pd.co.ke/news/mackenzie-cult-leader-who-led-legions-to-death-178492/",
476
+ "8": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65588273",
477
+ "9": "http://goodnewsintlministries.blogspot.com/p/about-us.html?_sm_au_=iqVT4WQQJJHq3TqPRsp6kKs8G3jqt",
478
+ "10": "https://www.judiciary.go.ke/statements/",
479
+ "11": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/kenya/article/2001347623/controversial-preacher-to-close-down-church",
480
+ "12": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/02/kenyan-cult-leader-accused-of-inciting-children-to-starve-to-death",
481
+ "13": "https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/east-africa-news/-some-of-the-shakahola-cult-victims-had-their-organs-missing--4228052",
482
+ "14": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/09/autopsies-missing-organs-kenya-cult-deaths-police",
483
+ "15": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001472617/kindiki-dismisses-police-report-on-shakahola-body-organs-trade",
484
+ "16": "https://www.africanews.com/2023/05/08/autopsies-rule-out-organ-harvesting-in-kenya-cult-deaths/",
485
+ "17": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/how-did-we-get-here-questions-arise-over-malindi-cult-that-has-been-operating-since-2003-n318494",
486
+ "18": "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/i-started-a-church-with-mackenzie-then-he-ruined-our-lives-4218394",
487
+ "19": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001471011/stalled-case-of-pastor-in-cult-like-deaths-exposes-cracks-in-justice-system",
488
+ "20": "https://www.tuko.co.ke/people/family/503292-the-making-a-cult-rise-pastor-paul-mckenzies-good-news-international-empire/",
489
+ "21": "https://twitter.com/ntvkenya/status/1658552153064067078",
490
+ "22": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fn1VoCqbO7c",
491
+ "23": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230422194458/https://nation.africa/kenya/news/Cleric-in-extreme-teachings-case-still-detained/1056-4121862-15m5hyc/index.html",
492
+ "24": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/malindi-cult-shock-as-12-more-graves-discovered-number-rises-to-27-n318390",
493
+ "25": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001347642/couple-accuses-pastor-of-holding-their-four-sons",
494
+ "26": "https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/kilifi/aisha-jumwa-threatens-to-storm-good-news-church-122274",
495
+ "27": "https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/kilifi/malindi-residents-want-church-opposed-to-education-closed-96240",
496
+ "28": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0DBeuBPisE",
497
+ "29": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iU5OUp5bEsE",
498
+ "30": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001471821/previous-criminal-cases-against-pastor-paul-mackenzie-and-good-news-international",
499
+ "31": "https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-04-28/another-pastor-arrested-as-deaths-toll-passes-100-in-kenyan-cult/102276402",
500
+ "32": "https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/judiciary-releases-the-status-of-paul-mackenzie-pending-court-cases/",
501
+ "33": "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/pastor-paul-makenzi-in-trouble-again-157952",
502
+ "34": "https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/coast/2019-04-09-mombasa-church-curses-satanic-huduma-namba/",
503
+ "35": "https://allafrica.com/stories/201904230645.html",
504
+ "36": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-65412822",
505
+ "37": "http://goodnewsintlministries.blogspot.com/p/about-us.html?_sm_au_=iqVT4WQQJJHq3TqPRsp6kKs8G3jqt",
506
+ "38": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9psIJugg3H8",
507
+ "39": "https://www.spieltimes.com/news/39-bodies-found-on-paul-makenzi-kenya-pastors-land-followers-allegedly-fasted-to-death/",
508
+ "40": "https://william-branham.org/site/blog/20230425_malindi_cult_covertly_spreading_white_supremacy_in_kenya",
509
+ "41": "https://www.indepthnews.net/index.php/the-world/africa/6167-doomsday-cult-in-kenya-had-white-supremacist-roots",
510
+ "42": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/5/13/kenya-starvation-cult-death-toll-climbs-to-201",
511
+ "43": "https://thetablet.org/shocking-cult-starvation-massacre-in-kenya-leaves-95-dead-hundreds-missing/",
512
+ "44": "https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/number-of-bodies-exhumed-from-suspected-kenyan-cult-graves-jumps-to-47-101682280821087.html",
513
+ "45": "https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/four-cult-members-starve-death-29715831",
514
+ "46": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kenya-starvation-cult-death-toll-rises-child-graves-shakahola-forest-massacre/",
515
+ "47": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/4/25/why-did-73-kenya-cult-members-starve-to-death",
516
+ "48": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001473797/kindiki-makenzi-hired-armed-gangs-to-kill-followers-who-took-too-long-to-die",
517
+ "49": "https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/kenyan-forest-death-cult-bodies-are-victims-highly-organised-crime-2023-05-09/",
518
+ "50": "https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/children-account-majority-kenyan-cult-deaths-interior-minister-2023-04-28/",
519
+ "51": "https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kenya-cult-death-toll-rises-to-200-with-more-than-600-reported-missing/",
520
+ "52": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/30/we-tried-to-stop-her-kenyan-teenager-tells-how-cult-starved-his-mother",
521
+ "53": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65423645",
522
+ "54": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/coast/article/2001478552/two-unborn-babies-raise-shakahola-deaths-to-427",
523
+ "55": "https://time.com/6287440/kenya-shakahola-mackenzie-death-cult/",
524
+ "56": "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/shakahola-cult-613-people-reported-to-be-missing-4245540",
525
+ "57": "https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2023-05-16-shakahola-horror-3-people-rescued-10-more-bodies-exhumed/",
526
+ "58": "https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/kilifi/shakahola-cult-record-number-of-bodies-exhumed-total-now-179-4232522",
527
+ "59": "https://www.k24tv.co.ke/news/kindiki-to-oversee-postmortem-of-129-bodies-103903/",
528
+ "60": "https://nation.africa/kenya/counties/mombasa/shakahola-cult-state-seeks-to-detain-mackenzie-29-others-for-180-more-days-4372816",
529
+ "61": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/coast/article/2001482463/ps-omollo-shakahola-operation-to-end-soon",
530
+ "62": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001471908/360-people-reported-missing-as-heavy-rains-disrupt-operation",
531
+ "63": "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/shakahola-cult-paul-mackenzie-his-wife-and-16-followers-held-5-more-days-4224356",
532
+ "64": "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/shakahola-death-toll-hits-318-as-15-more-bodies-exhumed-4270206",
533
+ "65": "https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/realtime/2023-05-13-shakahola-cult-22-more-bodies-exhumed-exercise-suspended-for-2-days/",
534
+ "66": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/may/09/autopsies-missing-organs-kenya-cult-deaths-police",
535
+ "67": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001472617/kindiki-dismisses-police-report-on-shakahola-body-organs-trade",
536
+ "68": "https://www.tuko.co.ke/kenya/counties/505367-kithure-kindiki-differs-dci-shakahola-victims-body-organs/",
537
+ "69": "https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/coast/article/2001472477/keep-off-shakahola-forest-cs-kindiki-bans-politicians",
538
+ "70": "https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/realtime/2023-06-12-65-shakahola-victims-arraigned-for-attempted-suicide/",
539
+ "71": "https://www.citizen.digital/news/shakahola-cult-65-survivors-charged-with-attempted-suicide-n321493",
540
+ "72": "https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2023-07-03-mackenzis-wife-granted-sh400000-bond-in-shakahola-deaths-case/",
541
+ "73": "https://www.bbc.com/news/world",
542
+ "74": "https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/death-toll-kenyan-starvation-cult-rises-58-police-2023-04-24/",
543
+ "75": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdhptC3XbbM",
544
+ "76": "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/politics/ruto-speaks-shakahola-cult-paul-mackenzie-belongs-in-jail-4210598",
545
+ "77": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/apr/27/second-kenyan-pastor-accused-of-mass-killing-of-followers",
546
+ "78": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/kenya-cult-deaths-children-1.6826023",
547
+ "79": "https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/east-africa-news/kenya-bans-churches-linked-to-cult-deaths-4339778",
548
+ "80": "https://nation.africa/kenya/news/state-deregisters-mackenzie-pastor-ezekiel-s-churches-4339538"
549
+ },
550
+ "spicy_entities": {
551
+ "the good news international ministries": "ORG",
552
+ "good news international church": "ORG",
553
+ "shakahola": "GPE",
554
+ "kilifi county": "GPE",
555
+ "kenya": "GPE",
556
+ "paul nthenge mackenzie": "ORG",
557
+ "first": "ORDINAL",
558
+ "2003.gnim": "CARDINAL",
559
+ "april 2023": "DATE",
560
+ "mackenzie": "LOC",
561
+ "jesus": "PERSON",
562
+ "over 400": "CARDINAL",
563
+ "anti-western": "NORP",
564
+ "the united states": "GPE",
565
+ "the united nations": "ORG",
566
+ "the catholic church": "ORG",
567
+ "satan": "GPE",
568
+ "william branham": "PERSON",
569
+ "branham": "ORG",
570
+ "2003": "DATE",
571
+ "the late 2010s": "DATE",
572
+ "2017": "DATE",
573
+ "93": "CARDINAL",
574
+ "2019": "DATE",
575
+ "malindi": "ORG",
576
+ "2023": "DATE",
577
+ "interior cabinet": "ORG",
578
+ "kithure kindiki": "PERSON",
579
+ "10 may": "DATE",
580
+ "8 may": "DATE",
581
+ "112": "CARDINAL",
582
+ "nairobi": "GPE",
583
+ "1997": "DATE",
584
+ "four": "CARDINAL",
585
+ "migingo village": "GPE",
586
+ "2016": "DATE",
587
+ "lamu to mackenzie": "ORG",
588
+ "20 million": "CARDINAL",
589
+ "mombasa": "GPE",
590
+ "two": "CARDINAL",
591
+ "second": "ORDINAL",
592
+ "joyce mwikamba": "PERSON",
593
+ "1981\u20132018": "DATE",
594
+ "the following year": "DATE",
595
+ "the kenya film classification board": "ORG",
596
+ "2018": "DATE",
597
+ "aisha jumwa": "PERSON",
598
+ "one": "CARDINAL",
599
+ "29 october 2021": "DATE",
600
+ "26 june 2023": "DATE",
601
+ "huduma namba": "PERSON",
602
+ "migingo": "GPE",
603
+ "gnim": "PERSON",
604
+ "the british broadcasting corporation": "ORG",
605
+ "oneness pentecostalism": "ORG",
606
+ "wesley swift's": "PERSON",
607
+ "christian identity": "ORG",
608
+ "\"the antichrist": "WORK_OF_ART",
609
+ "15 april 2023": "DATE",
610
+ "kenyans": "NORP",
611
+ "tanzania": "GPE",
612
+ "uganda": "GPE",
613
+ "nigeria": "GPE",
614
+ "the early weeks of april 2023": "DATE",
615
+ "fifteen": "CARDINAL",
616
+ "15": "CARDINAL",
617
+ "three weeks": "DATE",
618
+ "800-acre": "QUANTITY",
619
+ "3.2": "CARDINAL",
620
+ "five": "CARDINAL",
621
+ "three": "CARDINAL",
622
+ "six": "CARDINAL",
623
+ "12": "CARDINAL",
624
+ "three days": "DATE",
625
+ "26 may": "DATE",
626
+ "kindiki": "PERSON",
627
+ "133": "CARDINAL",
628
+ "10 may 2023": "DATE",
629
+ "eight": "CARDINAL",
630
+ "more than 100": "CARDINAL",
631
+ "the kenyan red cross": "ORG",
632
+ "30 april": "DATE",
633
+ "410": "CARDINAL",
634
+ "227": "CARDINAL",
635
+ "2 august": "DATE",
636
+ "427": "CARDINAL",
637
+ "at least 613": "CARDINAL",
638
+ "15 june": "DATE",
639
+ "95": "DATE",
640
+ "25 may": "DATE",
641
+ "k24tv": "ORG",
642
+ "chakama": "ORG",
643
+ "paul mackenzie": "PERSON",
644
+ "september 18": "DATE",
645
+ "the nation": "ORG",
646
+ "429": "CARDINAL",
647
+ "shakahola forest": "ORG",
648
+ "214": "CARDINAL",
649
+ "39": "CARDINAL",
650
+ "14": "CARDINAL",
651
+ "115": "CARDINAL",
652
+ "28 september": "DATE",
653
+ "standard": "ORG",
654
+ "more than 450": "CARDINAL",
655
+ "paul makenzi": "PERSON",
656
+ "24 april": "DATE",
657
+ "90": "CARDINAL",
658
+ "the malindi sub-county hospital's": "ORG",
659
+ "28 april": "DATE",
660
+ "william branham's": "PERSON",
661
+ "third": "ORDINAL",
662
+ "rhoda mumbua maweu": "PERSON",
663
+ "16": "CARDINAL",
664
+ "7 may 2023": "DATE",
665
+ "14 june": "DATE",
666
+ "36": "DATE",
667
+ "12 june": "DATE",
668
+ "65": "CARDINAL",
669
+ "up to two years": "DATE",
670
+ "roseline odede": "PERSON",
671
+ "the kenya national commission on human rights": "ORG",
672
+ "citizen digital": "ORG",
673
+ "3 july": "DATE",
674
+ "shanzu magistrate court": "ORG",
675
+ "rhoda maweu": "ORG",
676
+ "711": "MONEY",
677
+ "us": "GPE",
678
+ "2,131": "MONEY",
679
+ "shanzu": "PERSON",
680
+ "principal magistrate": "PERSON",
681
+ "yusuf shikanda": "PERSON",
682
+ "maweu": "PERSON",
683
+ "62 days": "DATE",
684
+ "another 30 days": "DATE",
685
+ "kenyan": "NORP",
686
+ "william ruto": "PERSON",
687
+ "mr mackenzie": "WORK_OF_ART",
688
+ "the head of state": "WORK_OF_ART",
689
+ "interior": "ORG",
690
+ "a few days": "DATE",
691
+ "ezekiel odero": "PERSON",
692
+ "new life prayer centre and church": "ORG",
693
+ "mavueni": "GPE",
694
+ "between 2022 and 2023": "DATE",
695
+ "103": "CARDINAL",
696
+ "27 april": "DATE",
697
+ "18th august": "DATE",
698
+ "the registrar of societies": "ORG",
699
+ "good news international ministries": "ORG"
700
+ },
701
+ "flair_entities": [
702
+ "paul makenzi",
703
+ "head of state",
704
+ "jesus",
705
+ "wesley swift",
706
+ "united nations",
707
+ "god",
708
+ "then-malindi",
709
+ "the nation",
710
+ "christian identity",
711
+ "shakahola forest",
712
+ "citizen digital",
713
+ "shanzu senior",
714
+ "shakahola",
715
+ "ezekiel odero",
716
+ "yusuf shikanda",
717
+ "british broadcasting corporation",
718
+ "kenyans",
719
+ "maweu",
720
+ "kenyan red cross",
721
+ "ksh",
722
+ "the antichrist",
723
+ "new life prayer centre",
724
+ "william branham",
725
+ "kilifi county",
726
+ "christian identity theology",
727
+ "joyce mwikamba",
728
+ "k24tv",
729
+ "kenyan",
730
+ "nairobi",
731
+ "uganda",
732
+ "kenya film classification board",
733
+ "standard",
734
+ "kithure kindiki",
735
+ "end of days theology",
736
+ "william ruto",
737
+ "registrar of societies",
738
+ "satan",
739
+ "kindiki",
740
+ "paul mackenzie",
741
+ "chakama",
742
+ "tanzania",
743
+ "shanzu magistrate court",
744
+ "church",
745
+ "mavueni",
746
+ "good news international ministries",
747
+ "gnim",
748
+ "anti-western",
749
+ "branham",
750
+ "good news international church",
751
+ "paul nthenge mackenzie",
752
+ "migingo",
753
+ "lamu",
754
+ "oneness pentecostalism",
755
+ "huduma namba",
756
+ "aisha jumwa",
757
+ "ruto",
758
+ "us",
759
+ "malindi",
760
+ "2003.gnim",
761
+ "mackenzie",
762
+ "nigeria",
763
+ "kenya",
764
+ "malindi sub-county hospital",
765
+ "mackenzie ministries",
766
+ "mombasa",
767
+ "roseline odede",
768
+ "migingo village",
769
+ "catholic church",
770
+ "rhoda mumbua maweu",
771
+ "kenya national commission on human rights",
772
+ "rhoda maweu",
773
+ "united states"
774
+ ]
775
+ }
json/Green_Party_of_California.json ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1029 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ {
2
+ "title": "Green_Party_of_California",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Party_of_California",
4
+ "summary": "The Green Party of California (GPCA) is a California political party. The party is led by a coordinating committee, and decisions are ultimately made by general assemblies. The GPCA is affiliated with the Green Party of the United States (GPUS).\nAs of February 10, 2023, there are 97,253 people registered to vote with Green party-preference, 0.44%, the sixth-largest. As of January 2022, there are twenty-nine California Green elected officials, including two elected-mayors and three in municipal councils.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "History",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "On February 4, 1990 Greens gathered at California State University, Sacramento, authored bylaws, founded the GPCA, and started a voter registration drive",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "The GPCA adopted the leaf-G logo which cartoonist Harry Driggs designed for the Green Party of San Francisco in the 1980s and which represents the letter G of the party name as a leaf",
15
+ "refs": [
16
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
17
+ ]
18
+ },
19
+ {
20
+ "sentence": "[a]",
21
+ "refs": [
22
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
23
+ ]
24
+ }
25
+ ],
26
+ "subsections": [
27
+ {
28
+ "section_title": "Qualifying for elections",
29
+ "section_content": [
30
+ {
31
+ "sentence": "On January 2, 1990, a month before foundation, Kent Smith sent notice to the secretary of state that the GPCA intends to qualify for the June 2, 1992 primary elections",
32
+ "refs": []
33
+ },
34
+ {
35
+ "sentence": "At that time, there were 420 people registered to vote with Green preference and, to obtain this qualification, the party needed to have registrations of at least one percent of the vote in the previous gubernatorial general election, [b] on December 31, 1991, the 154th day before the election",
36
+ "refs": [
37
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
38
+ ]
39
+ },
40
+ {
41
+ "sentence": "[c] Following the 1990 election, this amounted to 78,992 people",
42
+ "refs": [
43
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
44
+ ]
45
+ },
46
+ {
47
+ "sentence": "For the voter registration drive, the GPCA had two full-time fundraisers and hired Joe Louis Hoffman as full-time organizer",
48
+ "refs": []
49
+ },
50
+ {
51
+ "sentence": "By November 11, 1991, the party had 50,000 people registered with GPCA preference",
52
+ "refs": [
53
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
54
+ ]
55
+ },
56
+ {
57
+ "sentence": "Late that November, the party received financial support and was able to pay people for obtaining registrations on a per-registration basis",
58
+ "refs": [
59
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
60
+ ]
61
+ },
62
+ {
63
+ "sentence": "By 1992, the party registered over 100,000 people with GPCA preference and thereby qualified, which it since has done continuously",
64
+ "refs": [
65
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
66
+ ]
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "sentence": "GPCA members used the election qualification to run for offices, each facing the none of the above vote option, and all but one advanced to the general",
70
+ "refs": []
71
+ },
72
+ {
73
+ "sentence": "Roger Donaldson ran for state assembly district 53, later decided against it, and sent out a letter urging voters to vote for none of the above instead of him",
74
+ "refs": [
75
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
76
+ ]
77
+ },
78
+ {
79
+ "sentence": "The party did not have candidates for the presidential, nor the senatorial races",
80
+ "refs": [
81
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
82
+ ]
83
+ },
84
+ {
85
+ "sentence": "Party registrations were down to 91,342 people on October 4, 1993",
86
+ "refs": []
87
+ },
88
+ {
89
+ "sentence": "They must have still been at least 78,992 people on January 4, 1994, for the party was qualified for the June 7, 1994 primary elections.",
90
+ "refs": [
91
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
92
+ ]
93
+ },
94
+ {
95
+ "sentence": "The 1994 gubernatorial general election was the party\u2019s first opportunity to earn qualification through electoral result",
96
+ "refs": []
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "If the party had a candidate running for a statewide-elected office that received at least two percent of the vote, the party would maintain qualification until the next gubernatorial primary, that is if registrations stayed at least one fifteenth of one percent (0.067%) of the statewide total",
100
+ "refs": []
101
+ },
102
+ {
103
+ "sentence": "[c] The GPCA did indeed have a party member, Margaret Garcia, who received 3.8% of the vote in the secretary of state election, 315,079 votes, well over the two percent threshold",
104
+ "refs": [
105
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
106
+ ]
107
+ },
108
+ {
109
+ "sentence": "8,900,593 people voted in the 1994 general election, raising the amount of registrations that could qualify a party to 89,006 people",
110
+ "refs": []
111
+ },
112
+ {
113
+ "sentence": "The GPCA did not have this amount on October 24, 1995, to qualify for the March 26, 1996 primary election in this way",
114
+ "refs": [
115
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
116
+ ]
117
+ },
118
+ {
119
+ "sentence": "Had Garcia not received the total that she did, the GPCA would have lost its qualification.",
120
+ "refs": [
121
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
122
+ ]
123
+ },
124
+ {
125
+ "sentence": "In 1995, GPCA leaders, including Mike Feinstein, offered Ralph Nader the party\u2019s qualification, which Nader accepted, to become the first person to use the GPCA\u2019s qualification in a presidential election",
126
+ "refs": []
127
+ },
128
+ {
129
+ "sentence": "Margaret Garcia criticized this, saying \u201cHow ironic that a party espousing \u2018future focus\u2019 and long term planning is using Nader as a quick fix for our dwindling numbers.\u201d",
130
+ "refs": [
131
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
132
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
133
+ ]
134
+ },
135
+ {
136
+ "sentence": "The GPCA finally met the registrations requirement in September 1996, and had 95,080 people registered with Green preference on October 7",
137
+ "refs": []
138
+ },
139
+ {
140
+ "sentence": "The party has met the registration requirements since",
141
+ "refs": [
142
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
143
+ ]
144
+ },
145
+ {
146
+ "sentence": "The party has also had further electoral results that could maintain the party\u2019s qualification, in every election since first qualifying.",
147
+ "refs": []
148
+ }
149
+ ],
150
+ "subsections": []
151
+ },
152
+ {
153
+ "section_title": "Electoral milestones",
154
+ "section_content": [],
155
+ "subsections": []
156
+ },
157
+ {
158
+ "section_title": "Top-two primaries",
159
+ "section_content": [
160
+ {
161
+ "sentence": "The GPCA opposed the June 8, 2010 primary election\u2019s Proposition 14, which would remove access to the general elections from political parties, limiting access to the two candidates that received the most votes in a nonpartisan blanket primary, for California offices, i.e",
162
+ "refs": []
163
+ },
164
+ {
165
+ "sentence": "not for the presidential race, nor local races",
166
+ "refs": []
167
+ },
168
+ {
169
+ "sentence": "The proposition passed, faced court challenges, and survived those.",
170
+ "refs": [
171
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
172
+ ]
173
+ },
174
+ {
175
+ "sentence": "After Proposition 14\u2019s implementation, three election cycles concluded without any Green candidates advancing from \u201ctop-two\u201d primaries",
176
+ "refs": []
177
+ },
178
+ {
179
+ "sentence": "Then, the 2018 US House elections saw three Green Party candidates advance to the general elections",
180
+ "refs": []
181
+ },
182
+ {
183
+ "sentence": "Laura Wells ran in the House district CA-13 election, advanced from a six-candidate primary, and received 34,257 votes in the general election, 11.6%",
184
+ "refs": []
185
+ },
186
+ {
187
+ "sentence": "Kenneth Mejia ran in the House district CA-34 election, advanced from a three-candidate primary, and received 41,711 votes in the general election, 27.5%",
188
+ "refs": [
189
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
190
+ ]
191
+ },
192
+ {
193
+ "sentence": "And Rodolfo Cortes-Barragan ran in the House district CA-40 election, advanced from the primary, and received 27,511 votes in the general election, 22.7%",
194
+ "refs": [
195
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
196
+ ]
197
+ },
198
+ {
199
+ "sentence": "Each faced off against California Democratic Party (CDP) incumbent opponents in the general elections.",
200
+ "refs": [
201
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
202
+ ]
203
+ },
204
+ {
205
+ "sentence": "In 2020, Margaret Villa became the fourth Green candidate to advance from a top-two primary when she ran in the California State Assembly District 58 election, and she then received 41,100 votes in the general election, 25.1%",
206
+ "refs": []
207
+ },
208
+ {
209
+ "sentence": "In 2022, Michael Kerr became the fifth when he ran in the US House of Representatives District CA-10 election, and he then received 52,965 votes in the general election, 21.1%",
210
+ "refs": []
211
+ }
212
+ ],
213
+ "subsections": []
214
+ }
215
+ ]
216
+ },
217
+ {
218
+ "section_title": "Platform",
219
+ "section_content": [
220
+ {
221
+ "sentence": "The GPCA espouses green politics and the Ten Key Values of ecological wisdom, grassroots democracy, social justice, nonviolence, decentralization, community-based economics, feminism, respect for diversity, personal and global responsibility, and sustainability",
222
+ "refs": []
223
+ }
224
+ ],
225
+ "subsections": []
226
+ },
227
+ {
228
+ "section_title": "Organization",
229
+ "section_content": [
230
+ {
231
+ "sentence": "The key values of social justice, grassroots democracy, decentralization, respect for diversity, feminism, and personal and global responsibility influence the GPCA\u2019s structure of party membership being inclusive of California residents who are disenfranchised by the state in California or the US, [d] party decisions being determined by general assemblies, limiting the role of its coordinating committees, entrusting its power to autonomous Green parties, composing coordinating committees through yearly, staggered-term elections of six women and six of any gender, and affiliating with the GPUS",
232
+ "refs": []
233
+ },
234
+ {
235
+ "sentence": "The GPCA elects delegates to the Green National Convention (GNC) proportionally, rejecting the feature of artificial disproportionality resulting from, in examples, the general ticket or district elections",
236
+ "refs": [
237
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
238
+ ]
239
+ },
240
+ {
241
+ "sentence": "[e]",
242
+ "refs": [
243
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
244
+ ]
245
+ },
246
+ {
247
+ "sentence": "The party\u2019s most recent general assembly was held by video teleconference on November 12, 2022",
248
+ "refs": []
249
+ },
250
+ {
251
+ "sentence": "As of January 13, 2023, Laura Wells and David Cobb are the party\u2019s official spokespeople; the party\u2019s treasurer is Justin Richardson; and Jared Laiti is the GPCA liaison to the secretary of state",
252
+ "refs": [
253
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
254
+ ]
255
+ },
256
+ {
257
+ "sentence": "The GPCA has a reference page of local-Green parties at www.cagreens.org/county-parties.",
258
+ "refs": [
259
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
260
+ ]
261
+ }
262
+ ],
263
+ "subsections": [
264
+ {
265
+ "section_title": "Membership",
266
+ "section_content": [
267
+ {
268
+ "sentence": "As of February 10, 2023, there are 97,253 people registered to vote with GPCA preference, 0.44%, the sixth-largest",
269
+ "refs": []
270
+ },
271
+ {
272
+ "sentence": "The three counties in which the party has the most people registered are Los Angeles (24,829), San Diego (7,911), and Alameda counties (5,611)",
273
+ "refs": [
274
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
275
+ ]
276
+ },
277
+ {
278
+ "sentence": "The counties in which the party has the highest percentages of the county\u2019s registrations are Humboldt (1.68%), Mendocino (1.51%), and Trinity counties (1.03%)",
279
+ "refs": [
280
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
281
+ ]
282
+ },
283
+ {
284
+ "sentence": "During the 2016 presidential election, GPCA registrations dropped 30%, from nearly 110,000 to 77,868",
285
+ "refs": []
286
+ },
287
+ {
288
+ "sentence": "Party spokesperson Mike Feinstein attributed the drop to outreach from the Sanders campaign, citing mailers sent to Greens",
289
+ "refs": [
290
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
291
+ ]
292
+ },
293
+ {
294
+ "sentence": "Thousands of California Greens decided to support Sanders\u2019 endeavor for the presidential nomination of the Democratic Party of the United States of America (DPUSA) through voting, which, as there was a semi-closed election, necessitated reregistration either with CDP preference, or with no party preference (NPP), and then, requesting a crossover ballot",
295
+ "refs": [
296
+ "https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/report-registration"
297
+ ]
298
+ },
299
+ {
300
+ "sentence": "Gayle McLaughlin, who had won mayoral election as a Green, reregistered with NPP to vote for Sanders",
301
+ "refs": []
302
+ },
303
+ {
304
+ "sentence": "The Peace and Freedom Party (PFP) saw a similar registration drop-off",
305
+ "refs": [
306
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
307
+ ]
308
+ },
309
+ {
310
+ "sentence": "The lowest point for the GPCA was around California\u2019s primary elections in June, and by the end of the general election, the GPCA\u2019s registrations rose back to 94,647 people, and the PFP rose back to original levels, also",
311
+ "refs": [
312
+ "https://www.sos.ca.gov/elections/report-registration"
313
+ ]
314
+ },
315
+ {
316
+ "sentence": "Jill Stein 2016 campaign staffer Bruce Dixon hypothesized that Sanders \u201caims to tie up activist energies and resources till the summer of 2016 when the only remaining choice will be the usual lesser of two evils.\u201d Dixon determined that Sanders was acting as a sheepdog candidate in favor of party politics within certain parties, the DPUSA in this case, despite the parties being opposed to the candidate\u2019s cause, and that dissuades people from politics outside of those parties",
317
+ "refs": [
318
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
319
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
320
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
321
+ ]
322
+ },
323
+ {
324
+ "sentence": "These directives result in a lack of parties and electoral wins of candidates that would advance the sheepdog\u2019s stated politics",
325
+ "refs": [
326
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
327
+ ]
328
+ },
329
+ {
330
+ "sentence": "They also result in captive constituencies that feel compelled to support candidates that they deem the lessers of two evils",
331
+ "refs": [
332
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
333
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
334
+ ]
335
+ },
336
+ {
337
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+ "sentence": "James \u201cHenk\u201d Conn and Pamela Elizondo in the US senatorial election did not meet the threshold",
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+ {
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+ "title": "Herder_Memorial_Trophy",
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+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herder_Memorial_Trophy",
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+ "summary": "The Herder Memorial Trophy, or Herder, is the championship trophy to be awarded annually to the senior ice hockey champions of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The original cast silver trophy was donated in 1935 by The Evening Telegram newspaper on behalf of the Herder family, as a memorial to five brothers who played hockey in St. John's.\nSince the 1934\u201335 season, the trophy has been awarded 84 times. The Herder was not awarded in 1942, 1943, 1991, 2020 and 2021. The first winners of the Herder trophy was a team from Corner Brook that won the inaugural all-Newfoundland ice hockey championship on March 22, 1935. Teams from St. John's (St. Bon's, St. John's Capitals) have won the Herder Trophy 19 times. The most recent winners were the Southern Shore Breakers on April 23, 2023.",
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+ "content": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "History",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "As the game of hockey developed across the island, and hockey teams started to travel and compete in regional championships, the idea of a competition to decide the ice hockey champions of Newfoundland gained momentum in early 1935",
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+ "refs": []
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "During a meeting of the St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's Hockey League on March 5, 1935, it was announced that a trophy, for a championship competition, was to be donated by The Evening Telegram newspaper to be perpetually awarded to Newfoundland's best hockey team",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Herder would become emblematic of ice hockey supremacy in Newfoundland and Labrador.The Evening Telegram was published by a member of the Herder family since the founding of the paper in 1879 up until the retirement of Stephen Herder in 1993",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Telegram has played an integral role in the promotion and sponsorship of the Herder Championships.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The inaugural all-Newfoundland championships took place in St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's at the Prince of Wales Rink on March 21 and 22, 1935 between Corner Brook, the western hockey champions, and the Guards from the St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's Senior League that won the Avalon hockey championship",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "This was the beginning of a new chapter in the history of Newfoundland hockey",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The winning team would have the distinction of being the first holder of the Herder Memorial Trophy.",
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's Guards earned the right to represent the Avalon Peninsula by first defeating St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Bon's in a 2-game series to become St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's city champions, and then by toppling the Bay Roberts Rovers in a 2-game, total goal series",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The All-Newfoundland championship match-up was then set; the Guards of St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's would play host to the Corner Brook All-Star Team",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Fans in St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's eagerly awaited the arrival of the Corner Brook team",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Tickets to the 2 games were sold out quickly",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Corner Brook edged the Guards 1\u20130 in Game 1, and wAS victorious in Game 2 by a 4\u20132 margin to become the island's top team, and first Herder Trophy Champions.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Herder trophy was the brainchild of Ralph Herder, then president of The Evening Telegram",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The trophy was a memorial to his five late brothers, Arthur, William, Douglas, Augustus and Hubert, who were all avid hockey players in St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Originally donated on behalf of Ralph Herder in memory of five of his late brothers, the trophy now honors the memory of seven brothers, including Ralph and his youngest brother James",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 2009, the name of Ralph's son Stephen was added to the trophy",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "All seven Herder brothers were fine hockey players and often played together, with four of them sometimes playing together on a championship team",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "James Herder coached the 1935 Guards team that lost the inaugural Herder championship to Corner Brook in March 1935.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "The Herder family",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "William James Herder, born in Old Perlican, was the founder of Newfoundland's first daily newspaper, The Evening Telegram",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Ralph, one of William's seven sons, became publisher of the Telegram in 1934 after the death of Augustus (Gus), who was the fifth brother to pass away",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Ralph donated the Herder Trophy on behalf of the Herder Family as a memorial to his five late brothers (Douglas, Arthur, Hubert, Herbert Augustus (Gus) and William Jr.)",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Later the names of Ralph, his youngest brother James, and Ralph's son Stephen were added to the trophy.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Herder is now a memorial to the following Herder family members:",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "The trophy",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "An announcement was made on March 5, 1935, at a St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's Hockey League meeting that the Evening Telegram, on behalf of the Herder family, will donate a trophy to be awarded to the winners of an all-Newfoundland hockey championship",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The trophy would not be available for the 1935 championship but arrived in St",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's from the manufacturer six months later and was sent to Corner Brook to be presented to the winning team",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Herder consisted of a cast-silver hockey player mounted on an ebony base",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Bon's star Edward \"Key\" Kennedy (1911-1955) was the model for the hockey player that stands atop the original trophy",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Trophy-donor Ralph Herder brought a photo of Kennedy in a hockey pose to New York where the model was made and a figure was cast in silver",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Beginning in 1947 metal shields engraved with the names of winning teams were fixed to the base",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 1952 a second tier was added, third and fourth tiers in 1960, and three more tiers before the original trophy was retired in 2007.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The original Herder was retired in 2007 is on display in the Newfoundland & Labrador Hockey Hall of Fame located at the Corner Brook Civic Centre",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Since 2007 a replica has been awarded to the championship teams.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Conditions placed by the trophy donor",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Herder family attached eight conditions to their donation of the Herder Memorial Trophy to govern competition for the all-Newfoundland amateur hockey championship:",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
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+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Exceptions to the original conditions",
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+ "section_content": [],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
223
+ "section_title": "Condition #2",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "From 1935 though 1941 the All-Newfoundland finals were played at the former Prince's Rink in St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's (renamed The Arena in 1937)",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The Herder championships were cancelled for 1942 and 1943 after the Arena was destroyed by fire on November 28, 1941, and due to depleted rosters of senior hockey teams with men serving overseas during the Second World War",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "After the Arena burned down in November 1941, St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's did not have a suitable venue until the opening of Memorial Stadium in December 1954",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 1944, the Herder finals were held outside St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's for the first time when Bell Island and Corner Brook played the all-Newfoundland final series at the Corner Brook rink",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The NAHA was granted permission by Ralph Herder to hold the Herder finals outside the capital city for the first time",
255
+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Since 1944 condition #2 has not been enforced and the Herder Finals location has been decided by NAHA and typically held in the arenas of the competing teams.",
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+ "refs": []
260
+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In recent years, the Herder finals series was held at Mile One Centre (and before it was built, at Memorial Stadium) in St",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "John's and frequently sold out the 6,000 seat building",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Games were also held in the Pepsi Centre in the city of Corner Brook, on the west coast of the island, when teams from that area were playing for the cup.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
274
+ "sentence": "Since 2013 the Herder finalists have the right to decide the location of their home games.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Condition #4",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "In 1957 the first exception to condition #4 occurred when the Grand Falls Andcos were awarded the Herder by default",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "No other senior \"A\" hockey teams registered for the Herder playoffs that year.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Condition #7",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Engraved plates with the names of the winning teams have been affixed to the base of the Herder Trophy since the late 1940s",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Beginning in 1952, additional layers have been added to the trophy base as required to accommodate successive Herder Champion nameplates.",
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+ "refs": [
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+ "https://www.communitystories.ca/v1/pm_v2.php?id=record_detail&fl=0&lg=English&ex=00000647&rd=151042"
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Series format",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Over the history of the championship series, NAHA has dictated a number of series formats that included the winners of divisional, local league or island-wide league playoffs",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The original series featured the eastern champions versus western champions",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "This format continued until 1962 when an island-wide Newfoundland Senior Hockey league was formed",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The champions of the provincial league were awarded the Herder trophy until 1989 when the league was disbanded",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Eastern league champions played for the Herder in 1990 and in 1991 there was no Herder Championship.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Between 1991 and 2011, the format of the Herder finals reverted to a competition between the champions of local leagues",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "The eastern league champions played a western or central league champion in a finals series to decide the top provincial team who were awarded the Herder Trophy.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "On February 25, 2015, Hockey Newfoundland and Labrador approved a request by the Central West Senior Hockey League in which they asked to play for the historic Herder Trophy because it was the only operating Senior A hockey league registered in the province.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Hockey Newfoundland and Labrador announced on March 10, 2022, that they will be awarding the Herder Memorial Trophy to the winner of the Avalon East Senior Hockey League finals",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "For 2023, Hockey NL announced that the champion of the Avalon East Senior Hockey League will face-off against the champion of the West Coast Senior Hockey League in a seven-game series for the Herder Memorial Championship",
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+ "refs": []
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+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": [
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Series format history",
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+ "section_content": [
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+ {
363
+ "sentence": "This is a list of Herder championship series formats since 1935.",
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+ "refs": []
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "sentence": "Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against",
368
+ "refs": []
369
+ }
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+ ],
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+ "subsections": []
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+ }
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+ ]
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+ },
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+ {
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+ "section_title": "Herder Champions",
377
+ "section_content": [
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+ {
379
+ "sentence": "Note: Most series results are listed as games",
380
+ "refs": []
381
+ },
382
+ {
383
+ "sentence": "Most championship series before 1948 were decided on total Goals",
384
+ "refs": []
385
+ },
386
+ {
387
+ "sentence": "(TG = total goals series)",
388
+ "refs": []
389
+ }
390
+ ],
391
+ "subsections": []
392
+ },
393
+ {
394
+ "section_title": "Presentation ceremony and final game results",
395
+ "section_content": [
396
+ {
397
+ "sentence": "At the conclusion of the final game in an on-ice ceremony the Herder Memorial Trophy is presented to the captain of the winning team",
398
+ "refs": []
399
+ },
400
+ {
401
+ "sentence": "Traditionally the presenter has been a representative of the trophy donors, from the Herder family or The Evening Telegram, and/or a representative from Hockey Newfoundland and Labrador.",
402
+ "refs": []
403
+ }
404
+ ],
405
+ "subsections": []
406
+ },
407
+ {
408
+ "section_title": "Finals Appearances",
409
+ "section_content": [
410
+ {
411
+ "sentence": "In the sortable table below, teams are ordered first by number of appearances, then by number of wins, and finally by alphabetical order",
412
+ "refs": []
413
+ },
414
+ {
415
+ "sentence": "In the \"Years of appearance\" column, bold years indicate winning the Herder Trophy Finals.",
416
+ "refs": []
417
+ },
418
+ {
419
+ "sentence": "^ A",
420
+ "refs": []
421
+ },
422
+ {
423
+ "sentence": "In 1957 the Herder Finals series was not played",
424
+ "refs": []
425
+ },
426
+ {
427
+ "sentence": "Two teams entered the Section 'A' playoffs in 1957 but after Bell Island withdrew before the finals started, NAHA decided to award the Herder Trophy to the Grand Falls Andcos by default.",
428
+ "refs": []
429
+ }
430
+ ],
431
+ "subsections": []
432
+ },
433
+ {
434
+ "section_title": "Cliff Gorman Memorial Award Winners",
435
+ "section_content": [
436
+ {
437
+ "sentence": "In 2005 Hockey Newfoundland & Labrador established the Cliff Gorman Memorial Award to be presented annually to the most valuable player (MVP) for his team during the Herder finals series",
438
+ "refs": []
439
+ },
440
+ {
441
+ "sentence": "A native of Prince Edward Island, Cliff was instrumental in promoting hockey in Corner Brook and in Newfoundland and Labrador since moving there in 1955",
442
+ "refs": []
443
+ },
444
+ {
445
+ "sentence": "Cliff Gorman was inducted into the Newfoundland & Labrador Hockey Hall of Fame in 1996 in the building category",
446
+ "refs": [
447
+ "https://hockeynl.ca/cliff-gorman/"
448
+ ]
449
+ }
450
+ ],
451
+ "subsections": []
452
+ },
453
+ {
454
+ "section_title": "Broadcasting",
455
+ "section_content": [
456
+ {
457
+ "sentence": "The first island-wide live broadcast of a Herder championship game was on the VONF (Voice of Newfoundland) radio station on Saturday night March 23, 1935",
458
+ "refs": []
459
+ },
460
+ {
461
+ "sentence": "NL Hockey Hall of Famer John (Jack) Tobin provided the play-by-play of the final game of the first all-Newfoundland hockey championships between Corner Brook and the Guards live from the Prince's Rink in St",
462
+ "refs": []
463
+ },
464
+ {
465
+ "sentence": "John's",
466
+ "refs": []
467
+ },
468
+ {
469
+ "sentence": "In 1947, from Gander Gardens (in Hangar 12 at the airport), all Newfoundland radio stations participated in an island-wide broadcast of the Herder finals between St",
470
+ "refs": []
471
+ },
472
+ {
473
+ "sentence": "Bon's and Grand Falls sponsored by Coca-Cola",
474
+ "refs": []
475
+ },
476
+ {
477
+ "sentence": "Don Jamieson provided the play-by-play commentary",
478
+ "refs": []
479
+ },
480
+ {
481
+ "sentence": "The broadcast was carried by the stations VONF, VONH (VONF remote relay), VOCM (St",
482
+ "refs": [
483
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
484
+ ]
485
+ },
486
+ {
487
+ "sentence": "John's), VOWN (Corner Brook) and VORG (Gander).",
488
+ "refs": []
489
+ },
490
+ {
491
+ "sentence": "Don Jamieson hosted the island-wide broadcast of the 1949 All-Newfoundland Finals from the Corner Brook Rink",
492
+ "refs": []
493
+ },
494
+ {
495
+ "sentence": "This was made possible though the courtesy of the Division of the Dept",
496
+ "refs": []
497
+ },
498
+ {
499
+ "sentence": "Posts and Telegraphs",
500
+ "refs": []
501
+ },
502
+ {
503
+ "sentence": "The 1950 all-Newfoundland finals was broadcast live from Grand Falls stadium over station CBN",
504
+ "refs": []
505
+ },
506
+ {
507
+ "sentence": "The play-by-play commentary for the two finals games between Buchans and St",
508
+ "refs": [
509
+ "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
510
+ ]
511
+ },
512
+ {
513
+ "sentence": "Bon's was provided by Don Jamieson",
514
+ "refs": []
515
+ },
516
+ {
517
+ "sentence": "The broadcast was sponsored by Jockey Club Brewing Ltd.",
518
+ "refs": []
519
+ },
520
+ {
521
+ "sentence": "The 1953 Herder finals was an island-wide hook-up, broadcast on CBC stations and CJON with Don Jamieson and Frank \"Toe\" Byrne providing the commentary live from Grand Falls Stadium",
522
+ "refs": []
523
+ },
524
+ {
525
+ "sentence": "22-year-old Bob Cole broadcast the 1956 Herder finals on VOCM live from Grand Falls Stadium",
526
+ "refs": []
527
+ },
528
+ {
529
+ "sentence": "In 2007 and 2008, Rogers Cable broadcast the Herder finals province-wide using the Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly Channel.",
530
+ "refs": []
531
+ },
532
+ {
533
+ "sentence": "Games three through five of the 2009 finals were streamed online at thesportspage.ca.",
534
+ "refs": []
535
+ },
536
+ {
537
+ "sentence": "In 2016 all Herder finals games were webcast by Hockey NL\u2019s partner Bell Aliant TV One",
538
+ "refs": []
539
+ },
540
+ {
541
+ "sentence": "Grand Falls-Windsor Broadcaster George Scott provided the play-by-play on a live webcast of the Herder Finals from 2011 to 2019",
542
+ "refs": []
543
+ },
544
+ {
545
+ "sentence": "In 2022 & 2023, all Herder finals games were streamed on AO Live, an Atlantic Canadian based company.",
546
+ "refs": []
547
+ }
548
+ ],
549
+ "subsections": []
550
+ },
551
+ {
552
+ "section_title": "References",
553
+ "section_content": [],
554
+ "subsections": [
555
+ {
556
+ "section_title": "Bibliography",
557
+ "section_content": [],
558
+ "subsections": []
559
+ }
560
+ ]
561
+ },
562
+ {
563
+ "section_title": "External links",
564
+ "section_content": [],
565
+ "subsections": []
566
+ }
567
+ ],
568
+ "references": {
569
+ "1": "https://hockeynl.ca/players/senior/herder-memorial-trophy/",
570
+ "2": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
571
+ "3": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
572
+ "4": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
573
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574
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575
+ "7": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
576
+ "8": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
577
+ "9": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
578
+ "10": "https://www.communitystories.ca/v1/pm_v2.php?id=record_detail&fl=0&lg=English&ex=00000647&rd=151042",
579
+ "11": "https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/sports/newfoundland-senior-hockey-officials-excited-about-return-of-herder-memorial-trophy-championship-100704600/",
580
+ "12": "https://vocm.com/2023/02/12/hockey-nl-looking-forward-to-herder-championship/",
581
+ "13": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
582
+ "14": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
583
+ "15": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
584
+ "16": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
585
+ "17": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150928014414/http://www.centralwesthockey.ca/show_news.php?news_id=1057",
586
+ "18": "http://www.thetelegram.com/sports/herder-championship-going-back-to-best-of-7-series-179817/",
587
+ "19": "http://www.centralwesthockey.ca/news.php?news_id=6650",
588
+ "20": "https://www.saltwire.com/newfoundland-labrador/sports/its-almost-herder-time-avalon-east-west-coast-hockey-leagues-start-their-championship-series-this-weekend-100836418",
589
+ "21": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
590
+ "22": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
591
+ "23": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
592
+ "24": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
593
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594
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619
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621
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629
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631
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633
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640
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641
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643
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645
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+ "91": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
660
+ "92": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
661
+ "93": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
662
+ "94": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
663
+ "95": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
664
+ "96": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
665
+ "97": "https://hockeynl.ca/cee-bees-sweep-and-win-the-2013-herder-trophy/",
666
+ "98": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/herder-victory-delights-grand-falls-windsor-fans-1.2600626",
667
+ "99": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/grand-falls-windsor-cataracts-herder-champs-2nd-year-running-1.2986874",
668
+ "100": "https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/cataracts-take-herder-championship-2016-1.3508083",
669
+ "101": "https://hockeynl.ca/grand-falls-windsor-cataracts-take-home-the-herder-memorial-trophy/",
670
+ "102": "https://hockeynl.ca/cee-bees-claim-the-herder-memorial-trophy/",
671
+ "103": "https://hockeynl.ca/caribous-claim-the-2018-herder-memorial-championship/",
672
+ "104": "https://hockeynl.ca/2018-herder-memorial-championships-senior-awards-presented/",
673
+ "105": "https://www.saltwire.com/atlantic-canada/sports/hockey/grand-falls-windsor-cataracts-are-2019-herder-champs-301690/",
674
+ "106": "https://hockeynl.ca/cliff-gorman/",
675
+ "107": "https://hockeynl.ca/cliff-gorman/",
676
+ "108": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
677
+ "109": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
678
+ "110": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
679
+ "111": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
680
+ "112": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
681
+ "113": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]",
682
+ "114": "https://hockeynl.ca/grand-falls-windsor-cataracts-strike-in-game-one-of-the-herder/",
683
+ "115": "[ERROR retrieving ref link]"
684
+ },
685
+ "spicy_entities": {
686
+ "the herder memorial trophy": "FAC",
687
+ "annually": "DATE",
688
+ "newfoundland": "GPE",
689
+ "labrador": "GPE",
690
+ "canada": "GPE",
691
+ "1935": "DATE",
692
+ "telegram": "ORG",
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+ "five": "CARDINAL",
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+ "st. john's": "GPE",
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+ "the 1934\u201335 season": "DATE",
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+ "84": "CARDINAL",
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+ "1942, 1943, 1991": "DATE",
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+ "2020": "DATE",
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+ "2021": "DATE",
700
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+ "herder": "LOC",
702
+ "corner brook": "ORG",
703
+ "march 22, 1935": "DATE",
704
+ "st. bon's": "GPE",
705
+ "st. john's capitals": "ORG",
706
+ "the herder trophy 19": "WORK_OF_ART",
707
+ "the southern shore breakers": "ORG",
708
+ "april 23, 2023": "DATE",
709
+ "early 1935": "DATE",
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+ "hockey league": "ORG",
711
+ "march 5, 1935": "DATE",
712
+ "1879": "DATE",
713
+ "stephen herder": "PERSON",
714
+ "1993": "DATE",
715
+ "the herder championships": "EVENT",
716
+ "the prince of wales rink": "FAC",
717
+ "march 21": "DATE",
718
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719
+ "guards": "NORP",
720
+ "avalon": "ORG",
721
+ "the st. john's guards": "PERSON",
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+ "2": "MONEY",
724
+ "the bay roberts rovers": "LOC",
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+ "game 1": "EVENT",
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+ "game 2": "EVENT",
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+ "herder trophy champions": "EVENT",
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+ "ralph herder": "PERSON",
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730
+ "arthur": "PERSON",
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+ "william": "PERSON",
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+ "douglas": "PERSON",
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+ "the herder": "EVENT",
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+ "william james herder": "PERSON",
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748
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+ "fifth": "ORDINAL",
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+ "william jr.": "PERSON",
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+ "fourth": "ORDINAL",
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+ "three": "CARDINAL",
769
+ "2007": "DATE",
770
+ "the newfoundland & labrador hockey hall of fame": "ORG",
771
+ "the corner brook civic centre": "FAC",
772
+ "eight": "CARDINAL",
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+ "1941": "DATE",
774
+ "the all-newfoundland": "ORG",
775
+ "the arena": "ORG",
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786
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787
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788
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789
+ "mile one centre": "ORG",
790
+ "6,000": "CARDINAL",
791
+ "the pepsi centre": "FAC",
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+ "the west coast": "LOC",
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794
+ "#4": "MONEY",
795
+ "1957": "DATE",
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+ "that year": "DATE",
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815
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823
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+ "telegram",
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+ "vonh",
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+ "john",
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+ "gander",
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+ "voice of newfoundland",
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+ "newfoundland senior hockey",
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+ "rogers cable",
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+ "'s capitals",
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+ "ralph herder",
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+ "james herder",
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+ "newfoundland & labrador hockey hall of fame",
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+ "cliff gorman memorial award",
910
+ "gander gardens",
911
+ "bay roberts rovers",
912
+ "newfoundland",
913
+ "st. john",
914
+ "labrador.",
915
+ "george scott",
916
+ "ao live",
917
+ "william",
918
+ "prince of wales rink",
919
+ "corner brook all-star team",
920
+ "labrador.the evening telegram",
921
+ "pepsi centre",
922
+ "herder trophy",
923
+ "hangar",
924
+ "herder",
925
+ "central west senior hockey league",
926
+ "thesportspage.ca.",
927
+ "corner brook rink",
928
+ "grand falls",
929
+ "division of the dept",
930
+ "herder trophy finals.",
931
+ "gus",
932
+ "herder memorial trophy.",
933
+ "herder memorial trophy",
934
+ "vocm",
935
+ "vorg",
936
+ "avalon",
937
+ "st .",
938
+ "grand falls stadium",
939
+ "stephen",
940
+ "edward \"key\" kennedy",
941
+ "corner brook",
942
+ "new york",
943
+ "herder trophy.",
944
+ "herder championships.",
945
+ "buchans",
946
+ "bell island",
947
+ "herder champion",
948
+ "st. john's hockey league",
949
+ "james",
950
+ "frank \"toe\" byrne",
951
+ "st. john's senior league",
952
+ "all-newfoundland",
953
+ "second world war",
954
+ "augustus",
955
+ "cjon",
956
+ "herbert augustus",
957
+ "st. john's",
958
+ "atlantic canadian",
959
+ "st. bon",
960
+ "jockey club brewing ltd.",
961
+ "william james herder",
962
+ "labrador house of assembly channel.",
963
+ "the herder",
964
+ "herder memorial championship",
965
+ "all-newfoundland finals",
966
+ "prince edward island",
967
+ "naha",
968
+ "prince's rink",
969
+ "cbn",
970
+ "herder trophy champions.",
971
+ "avalon east senior hockey league",
972
+ "canada",
973
+ "ralph",
974
+ "labrador",
975
+ "stephen herder",
976
+ "st",
977
+ "mile one centre",
978
+ "bon's",
979
+ "bell aliant tv one",
980
+ "vonf",
981
+ "douglas",
982
+ "grand falls-windsor",
983
+ "kennedy",
984
+ "herder championship.",
985
+ "southern shore breakers",
986
+ "st. john's guards",
987
+ "section 'a",
988
+ "guards",
989
+ "william jr.",
990
+ "coca-cola",
991
+ "don jamieson",
992
+ "telegraphs",
993
+ "the arena",
994
+ "cliff gorman",
995
+ "hubert",
996
+ "arena",
997
+ "west coast senior hockey league",
998
+ "trophy the herder memorial trophy",
999
+ "arthur",
1000
+ "grand falls andcos",
1001
+ "vown",
1002
+ "corner brook civic centre"
1003
+ ]
1004
+ }
json/Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt.json ADDED
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+ {
2
+ "title": "Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt",
3
+ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hessisches_Landesmuseum_Darmstadt",
4
+ "summary": "Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt (HLMD) is a large multidisciplinary museum in Darmstadt, Germany. The museum exhibits Rembrandt, Beuys, a primeval horse and a mastodon under the slogan \"The whole world under one roof\". As one of the oldest public museums in Germany, it has c. 80,000 visitors every year and a collection size of 1.35 million objects. Since 2019, Martin Faass has been director of the museum. It is one of the three Hessian State museums, in addition to the museums in Kassel and Wiesbaden. Similar institutions in Europe are the Universalmuseum Joanneum in Graz and the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.",
5
+ "content": [
6
+ {
7
+ "section_title": "History",
8
+ "section_content": [
9
+ {
10
+ "sentence": "Art and natural history collections of the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt have been established since the 17th century",
11
+ "refs": []
12
+ },
13
+ {
14
+ "sentence": "The museum was founded on 12 July 1820 with the donation of the collections of Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse",
15
+ "refs": [
16
+ "https://museen-in-hessen.de/de/museen/hessisches_landesmuseum_darmstadt",
17
+ "https://competitionline-content.com/xx/15_00112_Auslobung_Prot.pdf"
18
+ ]
19
+ },
20
+ {
21
+ "sentence": "Initially located in the Baroque part of the Residential Palace Darmstadt, the museum moved in 1906 to a nearby new building",
22
+ "refs": [
23
+ "https://www.darmstadtimherzen.de/leben-in-darmstadt/200-jahre-hessisches-landesmuseum-darmstadt/",
24
+ "https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/6838"
25
+ ]
26
+ },
27
+ {
28
+ "sentence": "In 1937, 82 works of Modern art were confiscated during the Degenerate art campaign",
29
+ "refs": [
30
+ "https://www.abendblatt.de/kultur-live/kunst/article228209051/Universalmuseum-in-Darmstadt-feiert-200-Geburtstag.html"
31
+ ]
32
+ },
33
+ {
34
+ "sentence": "In the Brandnacht (fire night) on 11 to 12 September 1944 the museum building was partly destroyed; it was reconstructed and reopened in 1955",
35
+ "refs": [
36
+ "https://www.proveana.de/de/koerperschaft/hessisches-landesmuseum-darmstadt",
37
+ "https://dfg-vk-darmstadt.de/Lexikon_Auflage_2/EntarteteKunst.htm",
38
+ "http://emuseum.campus.fu-berlin.de/eMuseumPlus?service=RedirectService&sp=Scollection&sp=SfieldValue&sp=0&sp=0&sp=3&sp=SdetailList&sp=0&sp=Sdetail&sp=0&sp=F",
39
+ "https://www.hlmd.de/en/museum/history.html",
40
+ "https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/b/brandnacht.html",
41
+ "https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1301965556"
42
+ ]
43
+ }
44
+ ],
45
+ "subsections": []
46
+ },
47
+ {
48
+ "section_title": "Building",
49
+ "section_content": [
50
+ {
51
+ "sentence": "The main building was begun in 1897 by Alfred Messel and inaugurated in 1906",
52
+ "refs": []
53
+ },
54
+ {
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+ "sentence": "The encyclopedic museum consists of several period rooms or experience spaces, a monumental entrance hall with the staircase in Palladian architecture, a Pompeian style wing (509 BC \u2013 400 AD) for the ancient art, Romanesque corridors and chapels (900\u20131300) for the medieval treasure art, a Late Gothic hall (1350\u20131500) for the historical weapons, the Italian Renaissance Chiavenna room (c",
56
+ "refs": [
57
+ "https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/h/hessisches-landesmuseum-darmstadt-hlmd.html",
58
+ "https://www.architekturzeitung.com/architektur/137-architekturprojekte/712-hessisches-landesmuseum-kleffel-papay-warncke",
59
+ "https://www.hlmd.de/fileadmin/user_upload/HLMD_Orientierungsplan_barrierefrei.pdf",
60
+ "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/kultur/wiedereroeffnung-landesmuseum-darmstadt-von-der-arche-noah-in-die-kirche-13147072.html",
61
+ "https://www.bauwelt.de/artikel/So-viel-Messel-wie-lange-nicht-Hessische-Landesmuseum-Darmstadt-2172592.html"
62
+ ]
63
+ },
64
+ {
65
+ "sentence": "1580) for the Princely Treasury and corresponding open courtyards",
66
+ "refs": []
67
+ },
68
+ {
69
+ "sentence": "The large east-wing Baroque hall Gro\u00dfer Saal with an imposing barrel vault is used for special exhibitions",
70
+ "refs": [
71
+ "https://www.weltkunst.de/kunstwissen/2020/07/das-hessische-landesmuseum-wird-200"
72
+ ]
73
+ },
74
+ {
75
+ "sentence": "This asymmetric agglomeration of architectural styles, according to the design philosophy \"Form follows function\", is embedded in a rather rigid grid",
76
+ "refs": [
77
+ "https://www.fr.de/rhein-main/darmstadt/kostspielige-pracht-11254955.html",
78
+ "https://competitionline-content.com/xx/15_00112_Auslobung_Prot.pdf"
79
+ ]
80
+ },
81
+ {
82
+ "sentence": "The south-east tower, containing the library, is based on the tower of an 18th century Baroque plan for the Residential Palace Darmstadt by Louis Remy de la Fosse, that was realized only partly",
83
+ "refs": [
84
+ "https://bonndoc.ulb.uni-bonn.de/xmlui/handle/20.500.11811/1994",
85
+ "https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/id/eprint/6838",
86
+ "https://www.freidok.uni-freiburg.de/data/10494"
87
+ ]
88
+ }
89
+ ],
90
+ "subsections": [
91
+ {
92
+ "section_title": "Location",
93
+ "section_content": [
94
+ {
95
+ "sentence": "The museum is located between Residential Palace Darmstadt and the urban park Herrngarten\u00a0 [Wikidata]",
96
+ "refs": []
97
+ },
98
+ {
99
+ "sentence": "Nearby are the neoclassical former court theatre Haus der Geschichte Darmstadt\u00a0 [Wikidata] (House of History) by Georg Moller, the squares Friedensplatz\u00a0 [de] and Karolinenplatz\u00a0 [de], as well as the street Zeughausstra\u00dfe (Cityring)",
100
+ "refs": [
101
+ "https://www.architekturzeitung.com/architektur/137-architekturprojekte/712-hessisches-landesmuseum-kleffel-papay-warncke",
102
+ "http://www.haus-der-geschichte.com/"
103
+ ]
104
+ }
105
+ ],
106
+ "subsections": []
107
+ },
108
+ {
109
+ "section_title": "Renovations and extensions",
110
+ "section_content": [
111
+ {
112
+ "sentence": "A large extension on the west side of the main building was designed by Reinhold Kargel, completed in 1984",
113
+ "refs": [
114
+ "https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/k/kargel-reinhold.html"
115
+ ]
116
+ },
117
+ {
118
+ "sentence": "As of 2023 [update], the controversial, confusing modern building extension houses the painting gallery with 400 paintings",
119
+ "refs": [
120
+ "https://www.darmstadt-stadtlexikon.de/h/hessisches-landesmuseum-darmstadt-hlmd.html",
121
+ "https://www.hlmd.de/fileadmin/user_upload/HLMD_Orientierungsplan_barrierefrei.pdf",
122
+ "https://www.bauwelt.de/artikel/So-viel-Messel-wie-lange-nicht-Hessische-Landesmuseum-Darmstadt-2172592.html",
123
+ "https://journals.qucosa.de/mimrg/article/view/3157"
124
+ ]
125
+ },
126
+ {
127
+ "sentence": "After major \u20ac80-million renovations from 2007 onwards, it reopened on 13 September 2014",
128
+ "refs": [
129
+ "https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/kaiserslautern_artikel,-die-ganze-welt-unter-einem-dach-_arid,190354.html",
130
+ "https://www.artisnext.net/galerie/detail.xhtml?id=32305",
131
+ "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/kultur/wiedereroeffnung-landesmuseum-darmstadt-von-der-arche-noah-in-die-kirche-13147072.html"
132
+ ]
133
+ },
134
+ {
135
+ "sentence": "About 100,000 exhibits are displayed on 9,000\u00a0m2 (97,000\u00a0sq\u00a0ft) of exhibition space; the complete floor area is 12,000\u00a0m2 (130,000\u00a0sq\u00a0ft)",
136
+ "refs": [
137
+ "https://www.hlmd.de/en/museum/history.html",
138
+ "https://www.architekturzeitung.com/architektur/137-architekturprojekte/712-hessisches-landesmuseum-kleffel-papay-warncke"
139
+ ]
140
+ },
141
+ {
142
+ "sentence": "In its high-rise north wing, the museum houses the Art Nouveau/prehistory and early history, zoology/handicrafts, geology and modern/contemporary arts collections on floors one above the other",
143
+ "refs": [
144
+ "https://www.focus.de/regional/darmstadt/museen-landesmuseum-darmstadt-oeffnet-topmodern_id_4123094.html"
145
+ ]
146
+ },
147
+ {
148
+ "sentence": "Cultural history is presented in the lower south wing",
149
+ "refs": [
150
+ "https://www.hlmd.de/fileadmin/user_upload/HLMD_Orientierungsplan_barrierefrei.pdf",
151
+ "https://www.lagis-hessen.de/de/subjects/xsrec/current/1/sn/edb?q=YToxOntzOjExOiJzYWNoYmVncmlmZiI7czoyMjoiTGFuZGVzbXVzZXVtIERhcm1zdGFkdCI7fQ=="
152
+ ]
153
+ }
154
+ ],
155
+ "subsections": []
156
+ }
157
+ ]
158
+ },
159
+ {
160
+ "section_title": "Collections",
161
+ "section_content": [
162
+ {
163
+ "sentence": "The museum is especially noted for its art collection, including Pieter Brueghel the Elder's The Magpie on the Gallows, and one of the plaques from the Magdeburg Ivories (c",
164
+ "refs": []
165
+ },
166
+ {
167
+ "sentence": "968)",
168
+ "refs": []
169
+ },
170
+ {
171
+ "sentence": "There are also strong collections of Art Nouveau objects from several countries, and German, Dutch and Flemish paintings",
172
+ "refs": [
173
+ "https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/701796430"
174
+ ]
175
+ },
176
+ {
177
+ "sentence": "Basis of the graphic collection are the works by D\u00fcrer and Rembrandt, bought by museum founder Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse in 1803",
178
+ "refs": [
179
+ "https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1292463589"
180
+ ]
181
+ },
182
+ {
183
+ "sentence": "Interested visitors can request original prints and drawings in the study room",
184
+ "refs": [
185
+ "https://museen-in-hessen.de/de/museen/hessisches_landesmuseum_darmstadt"
186
+ ]
187
+ },
188
+ {
189
+ "sentence": "It also features an important natural history collection, with for instance fossils from the nearby Messel pit and a historic American mastodon skeleton (\"Peale's mastodon\") purchased by the Darmstadt naturalist Johann Jakob Kaup",
190
+ "refs": [
191
+ "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/region-und-hessen/hessisches-landesmuseum-auf-dem-boden-der-tatsachen-16885235.html",
192
+ "https://www.hlmd.de/ausstellungen/aktuell/detail/detail/current/25-jahre-unesco-weltnaturerbe.html",
193
+ "https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/story-charles-willson-peales-massive-mastodon-180974384/"
194
+ ]
195
+ },
196
+ {
197
+ "sentence": "Also notable are the reconstructions of eleven hominid busts and ten large-scale habitat dioramas",
198
+ "refs": [
199
+ "https://www.hessenschau.de/kultur/wie-ein-mammut-in-der-pandemie-heimlich-aus-den-usa-zurueck-nach-darmstadt-kam,mastodon-zurueck-100.html",
200
+ "https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-77401-5_14",
201
+ "https://www.museum.de/museen/hessisches-landesmuseum-darmstadt"
202
+ ]
203
+ },
204
+ {
205
+ "sentence": "The Simon Spierer\u00a0 [de] Collection A Forest of Sculptures includes works of well-known international artists of the 20th century from Early Modern to Contemporary art, like Constantin Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i, Alberto Giacometti, Max Ernst, Henry Moore, Tony Cragg, Hans Arp, Barbara Hepworth",
206
+ "refs": [
207
+ "https://www.sueddeutsche.de/kultur/kunst-darmstadt-skulptur-des-bildhauers-tony-cragg-geht-an-landesmuseum-dpa.urn-newsml-dpa-com-20090101-180308-99-397307"
208
+ ]
209
+ },
210
+ {
211
+ "sentence": "Spierer donated the sculpture collection in 2004",
212
+ "refs": [
213
+ "https://bildungsklick.de/bundeslaender/detail/genfer-kunstsammler-simon-spierer-schenkt-hessischem-landesmuseum-darmstadt-weltweit-einzigartige-skulpturensammlung",
214
+ "https://www.hlmd.de/en/museum/art-and-cultural-history/the-simon-spierer-collection.html"
215
+ ]
216
+ },
217
+ {
218
+ "sentence": "Stele and Torso\u00a0 [de] are the predominant motifs",
219
+ "refs": [
220
+ "https://www.bildhauermuseen.de/hessisches-landesmuseum-darmstadt-2/"
221
+ ]
222
+ },
223
+ {
224
+ "sentence": "The museum owns 290 objects by Joseph Beuys in seven rooms (\"Block Beuys\u00a0 [de]\"), the world's largest complex of his works",
225
+ "refs": [
226
+ "https://www.abendblatt.de/kultur-live/kunst/article228209051/Universalmuseum-in-Darmstadt-feiert-200-Geburtstag.html",
227
+ "https://www.deutschlandfunkkultur.de/beuys-ausstellung-in-darmstadt-anstoss-fuer-den-permanenten-100.html",
228
+ "https://www.hlmd.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Orientierungsplan_Block_Beuys_mit_Werkliste.pdf"
229
+ ]
230
+ },
231
+ {
232
+ "sentence": "Key works of the 1970 installation are expansive felt objects (1964\u201367), Fond III (layered felt and copper, 1969), Scenes from the Deer Hunt (big closet with compartments filled with many small objects, 1961) and Chair with Fat (1963)",
233
+ "refs": [
234
+ "https://www.bildhauermuseen.de/hessisches-landesmuseum-darmstadt-2/",
235
+ "https://www.mutualart.com/Article/BEST-OF-2007--Block-Beuys/ECA7CA254E634747",
236
+ "http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/artdok/id/eprint/5639"
237
+ ]
238
+ },
239
+ {
240
+ "sentence": "Beuys himself worked on the installation until his death",
241
+ "refs": [
242
+ "https://www.hlmd.de/en/museum/art-and-cultural-history/block-beuys.html",
243
+ "https://www.swr.de/swr2/wissen/joseph-beuys-revolutionaer-der-kunst-swr2-wissen-2021-05-12-100.html"
244
+ ]
245
+ },
246
+ {
247
+ "sentence": "Richard Rijnvos wrote music to each of the seven rooms",
248
+ "refs": [
249
+ "https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgao%2F9781884446054.article.t008533"
250
+ ]
251
+ }
252
+ ],
253
+ "subsections": []
254
+ },
255
+ {
256
+ "section_title": "Gallery",
257
+ "section_content": [],
258
+ "subsections": []
259
+ },
260
+ {
261
+ "section_title": "Special exhibitions",
262
+ "section_content": [
263
+ {
264
+ "sentence": "The museum regularly hosts temporary special exhibitions at Gro\u00dfer Saal",
265
+ "refs": []
266
+ }
267
+ ],
268
+ "subsections": []
269
+ },
270
+ {
271
+ "section_title": "Controversies",
272
+ "section_content": [],
273
+ "subsections": []
274
+ },
275
+ {
276
+ "section_title": "See also",
277
+ "section_content": [],
278
+ "subsections": []
279
+ },
280
+ {
281
+ "section_title": "Films",
282
+ "section_content": [],
283
+ "subsections": []
284
+ },
285
+ {
286
+ "section_title": "References",
287
+ "section_content": [],
288
+ "subsections": []
289
+ },
290
+ {
291
+ "section_title": "Further reading",
292
+ "section_content": [],
293
+ "subsections": []
294
+ },
295
+ {
296
+ "section_title": "External links",
297
+ "section_content": [],
298
+ "subsections": []
299
+ }
300
+ ],
301
+ "references": {
302
+ "1": "https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=gri.ark:/13960/t8bg9st8g&view=1up&seq=8",
303
+ "2": "https://www.hlmd.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Daten_und_Fakten_HLMD.pdf",
304
+ "3": "https://www.architekturzeitung.com/architektur/137-architekturprojekte/712-hessisches-landesmuseum-kleffel-papay-warncke",
305
+ "4": "https://www.hlmd.de/fileadmin/user_upload/ENG_PM_Reopening_HLMD.pdf",
306
+ "5": "https://www.abendblatt.de/kultur-live/kunst/article228209051/Universalmuseum-in-Darmstadt-feiert-200-Geburtstag.html",
307
+ "6": "https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/kultur/hessisches-landesmuseum-darmstadt-martin-faass-18546493.html",
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