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Srivastava then contended that the High Court correctly analysed and appreciated the scheme of the Code vis a vis judicial review in revenue matters
Argument
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Learned counsel put heavy reliance on the decision of this Court in the case of Ishwar Singh vs
Argument
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State of Rajasthan and others,(2005
Precedent
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2 SCC 334 2005 Indlaw SC 6 for the proposition that there can be a second revision under the same provision of the Statute
Argument
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The only question that falls for consideration is as to whether a second revision under Section 257 is maintainable and that whether the State Government exceeds its jurisdiction in entertaining the second revision
Ratio of the decision
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Before we proceed to decide the aforesaid question,we would like to refer the relevant provisions of the Maharashtra Land Revenue Code 1966
Statute
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Section 2(31) defines the Revenue Officer as under:- "2 (31)" revenue officer" means every officer of any rank whatsoever appointed under any of the provisions of this Code,and employed in or about the business of the land revenue or of the surveys,assessment,accounts,or records connected therewith
Statute
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Chapter II deals with the Revenue Officers,their powers and duties
Statute
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Sections 5,6 and 7 reads as under:- "5.Chief Controlling authority in revenue matters
Statute
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The chief controlling authority in all matters connected with the land revenue in his division shall vest in the Commissioner,subject to the superintendence,direction and control of the State Government
Statute
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6.Revenue Officers in division
Statute
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The State Government shall appoint a Commissioner of each division; and may appoint in a division an Additional Commissioner and so many Assistant Commissioners as may be expedient,to assist the Commissioner: Provided that,nothing in this section shall preclude the appointment of the same officer as Commissioner for two or more divisions
Statute
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7.Revenue officers in district.(1)The State Government shall appoint a Collector for each district (including the City of Bombay who shall be in charge of the revenue administration there of; and a Tahsildar for each taluka who shall be the chief officer entrusted with the local revenue administration of a taluka
Statute
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The State Government may appoint one or more Additional Collectors and in each district (including the City of Bombay and so many Assistant Collectors and Deputy Collectors (with such designations such as "First","Second",Super numerary",etc
Statute
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Assistants as may be expressed in the order of their appointment),one or more Naib-Tahsildars in a taluka,and one or more Additional Tahsidars or Naib-Tahsildars therein and such other persons (having such designations) to assist the revenue officers as it may deem expedient
Statute
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3) Subject to the general orders of the State Government,the Collector may place any Assistant or Deputy Collector in charge of one more sub-divisions of a district,or may himself retain charge thereof
Statute
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Such Assistant or Deputy Collector may also be called a Sub-Divisional Officer
Statute
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The Collector may appoint to each district as many persons as he thinks fit to be Circle Officers and Circle Inspectors to be in charge of a Circle,and one or more Talathis for a saza,and one or more Kotwals or other village servants for each village or group of villages,as he may deem fit
Statute
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Section 11 of the Code is worth to be quoted herein
Statute
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below:- "11.Subordination of officers
Statute
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1) All revenue officers shall be subordinate to the State Government
Statute
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2) Unless the State Government directs otherwise,all revenue officers in a division shall be subordinate to the Commissioner,and all revenue Officers 2[in a district (including the City of Bombay)] shall be subordinate to the Collector
Statute
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3)Unless the State Government directs otherwise,all other Revenue Officers Including survey officers shall be subordinated,the one to the other,in such order as the State Government may direct
Statute
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Sections 13 and 14 deal with the powers and duties of all Revenue Officers
Statute
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From reading of the aforesaid provisions,it is manifest that the State Government makes appointment of the Revenue Officers including the Commissioner and the Chief Controlling Authorities in the revenue matters
Ratio of the decision
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Section 5 makes it clear that the Chief Controlling Authority in all matters connected with the land revenue in his Division shall vest with the Commissioner,subject to superintendence,directions and control of the State Government
Ratio of the decision
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Section 11 provides that all Revenue Officers shall be subordinate to the State Government
Ratio of the decision
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It is,therefore,clear that in revenue matters the State Government is the Supreme Revenue Authority
Ratio of the decision
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In the present case,we noticed the scheme of the Code in the matters of hearing and disposal of appeals,revision and review
Ratio of the decision
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Section 247 deals with the appeal and appellate authorities,which reads as under:- "247.Appeal and appellate authorities
Statute
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In the absence of any express provisions of this Code,or of any law for the time being in force to the contrary,an appeal shall lie from any decision or order passed by a revenue or survey officer specified in column 1 of the Schedule E under this Code or any other law for the time being in force to the officer specified in column 2 of that Schedule whether or not such decision or order may itself have been passed on appeal from the decision of order of the officer specified in column 1 of the said Schedule
Statute
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Provided that,in no case the number of appeals shall exceed two
Statute
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2) When on account of promotion of change of designation,an appeal against any decision or order lies under this section to the same officer who has passed the decision or order appealed against,the appeal shall lie to such other officer competent to decide the appeal to whom it may be transferred under the provisions of this Code
Statute
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Section 248 is also relevant which provides the forum of appeal to the State Government
Statute
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Similarly,Section 249 makes provision of appeal against the review or revision
Statute
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The schedule preferred to in Section 227 mentions the Authorities before whom appeal would lie
Statute
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The Schedule appended to the Code is as follows:- Schedule E (See section 247
Statute
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Section 257 is the relevant provision which deals with the power of State Government and of certain revenue and survey officers to call for and examine the records and proceedings of Subordinate Officers
Statute
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Section 257 reads as under:- "257.Power of State Government and of certain revenue and survey officers to call for and examine records and proceedings of subordinate officers
Statute
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The State Government and any revenue of survey officer,not inferior in rank to an Assistant or Deputy Collector or a Superintendent of Land Records,in their respective departments,may call for and examine the record of any inquiry or the proceedings of any subordinate revenue or survey officer,for the purpose of satisfying itself or himself,as the case may be,as to the legality or propriety of any decision or order passed,and as to the regularity of the proceedings of such officer
Statute
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A Tahsildar,a Naib-Tahsildar,and a District Inspector of Land Records
Statute
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may in the same manner call for and examine the proceedings of any officer subordinate to them in any matter in which neither a formal nor a summary inquiry has been held
Statute
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3) If in any case,it shall appear to the State Government,or any officer referred to in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) that any decision or order or proceedings so called for should be modified,annulled or reversed,it or he may pass such order thereon as it or he deems fit
Statute
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Provided that,the State Government or such officer shall not vary or reverse any order affecting any question of right between private persons without having to the parties interested notice to appear and to be heard in support of such order
Statute
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Provided further that,an Assistant of Deputy Collector shall not himself pass such order in any matter in which a formal inquiry has been held,but shall submit the record with his opinion to the Collector,who shall pall such order thereon as he may deem fit
Statute
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A bare reading of the aforesaid provision would show that the provision uses the word 'and' for State Government but for other Revenue officers
Ratio of the decision
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it uses the word 'or'.The language and the words used in the said provision suggest that jurisdiction of the State Government is concurrent with the jurisdiction of other Revenue officers in deciding the revision
Ratio of the decision
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Hence,even if one party goes to the Commissioner in revision,the State Government can still be approached under Section 257 for revision
Ratio of the decision
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The power of revision exercised by any Revenue officer including the Commissioner is a proceeding by a subordinate officer and the State Government can satisfy itself as to the legality and propriety of any decision including the order passed in revision by the Revenue officers
Ratio of the decision
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Further,in view of the fact that State Government itself appoints the Revenue officers including the Commissioner under the scheme of the Code and all Revenue officers are subordinate to the State Government as per Section 11 of the Act,and even the Chief Controlling Authority in all matters connected with the land revenue in his Division is vested with the Commissioner,they are subject to the superintendence,direction and control of the State Government as provided under Section 5 of the Code
Ratio of the decision
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The power of the State Government has further been widened by Section 259 of the Code,which reads as under:- "259.Rules as to decisions or orders expressly made final Whenever in this Code,it is provided that a decision or order shall be final or conclusive,such provision shall mean that no appeal lies from any such decision or order; but it shall be lawful to the State Government alone to modify,annul or reverse any such decision or order under the provision of Section 257
Statute
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The aforesaid provision makes it clear that even if the decision is considered to be final,the State Government's power to call for and examine the record and proceedings of subordinate officers is saved
Ratio of the decision
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In other words,the State Government in exercise of its revisional as well as general power of superintendence and control can call for any record of proceedings and consider the legality and propriety of the orders passed by the Revenue officers under Section 247 or 257 of the Code
Ratio of the decision
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From perusal of the entire scheme of the Code including Section 257,it is manifest that the revisional powers are not only exercisable by the State Government but also by certain other Revenue officers
Ratio of the decision
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There is nothing in the Code to suggest that if these revisional powers are exercised by a Revenue officer who has jurisdiction,it cannot be further exercised by a superior Revenue officer or by the State Government
Ratio of the decision
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A fair reading of Sections 257 and 259 suggests that if revisional powers are exercised by a Revenue officer having jurisdiction to do so,further revisional power can be exercised by the superior officer or by the State Government
Ratio of the decision
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A similar question came for consideration before this Court in the case of Ishwar Singh vs
Precedent
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2 SCC 334 under the Rajasthan Cooperative Societies Act,1965.In that Ac,t by Section 128 power was conferred upon the State Government and the Registrar to call for and examine the records of any enquiry or proceedings of any other matter,of any officer subordinate to them,for the purpose of satisfying themselves as to the legality or propriety of any decision or order passed by such officer
Precedent
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It was submitted by the counsel that Section 128 related to two authorities i.e.the State Government and the Registrar
Precedent
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In fact the two authorities are interchangeable
Precedent
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If one authority exercises revisional power,the other authority logically cannot have exercised such power
Precedent
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Hence,it was argued that second revision was not maintainable
Precedent
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Rejecting the submission this Court held:- "20.Sub-section (2) of Section 124 provides that if the decision or order is made by the Registrar,appeal lies to the Government and if the decision or order is made by any other person,or a cooperative society,the appeal lies to the Registrar
Precedent
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Therefore,under Chapter XIII a clear distinction is made between the State Government and the Registrar
Precedent
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The test is whether the two authorities with concurrent revisional jurisdiction are equal in rank
Precedent
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It is,therefore,not correct as contended by learned counsel for the appellant that the two authorities i.e.the State Government and the Registrar are interchangeable
Precedent
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The power of the Government and the Registrar in terms of Section 128 excludes matters which are covered by Section 125 i.e.revision by the Tribunal
Precedent
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Considering the entire scheme of the Code,and the provisions contained in Sections 257 and 259,we are of the definite opinion that the Minister concerned of the State Government can entertain second revision to satisfy the legality and propriety of the order passed by the Revenue Officer
Ruling by Present Court
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The Division Bench of the Bombay High Court has elaborately discussed the question and passed the impugned order holding that Section 257 confers jurisdiction to the State Government to entertain its revision against the order passed by any Revenue Officer either in appeal or in revision
Ruling by Present Court
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We find no infirmity in the impugned order passed by the High Court
Ruling by Present Court
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Hence,this appeal has no merit which is accordingly dismissed
Ruling by Present Court
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Before parting with the order,we must make it clear that in view of the request made by the appellant before the High Court not to enter into the merit of the case since the party may prosecute their remedies in the Civil Court for adjudication,we have not expressed any opinion with regard to the merit of the case of the parties
Ruling by Present Court
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The parties may prosecute their remedies in Civil Court in accordance with law
Ruling by Present Court
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Petition dismissed
Ruling by Present Court
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This appeal is directed against the judgment and order of the High Court of Gujarat dated 28.2.1986 allowing the respondent's writ petition and quashing order of discharge from service and directing his reinstatement in service
Ratio of the decision
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The respondent joined service as technical assistant with the Gujarat State Electricity Board (hereinafter refined to as the Board).He was promoted to the post of Deputy Engineer
Facts
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While he was posted at Surat as Deputy Engineer he was transferred to Ukai subdivision under the order of the Superintending Engineer dated 29th March,1974.Pursuant to the order of transfer he was relieved from his duties at Surat on 30th March,1974 to enable him to join at Ukai
Facts
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He made representation to the Additional Chief Engineer for cancelling his transfer order on the ground that his mother aged 70 years was ailing and it would cause great inconvenience to him if he was required to join at Ukai
Facts
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His representation was rejected and he was directed to join at Ukai but he did not do so instead he filed a civil suit at Baroda challenging validity of the order of transfer
Facts
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Meanwhile,the Chief Engineer by his order dated 27th May,1974 discharged the respondent from service with effect from 31st March,1974 in accordance with service Regulation No.113.The respondent challenged the validity of the order of his discharge from service by means of a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution before the High Court of Gujarat
Facts
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A learned Single Judge of the High Court quashed the order of termination on the findings that the order of discharge was issued m violation of the basic principles of natural justice as no opportunity was afforded to the respondent before discharging him from services under Regulation No.113
Facts
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The learned Single Judge granted a declaration in respondent's favour holding the order void and illegal but having regard to recalcitrant attitude of the appellant and his continued conduct of disobedience of the orders of his superior authorities,he refused to grant consequential reliefs regarding reinstatement or payment of back-wages
Facts
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The respondent as well as the appellant-board,both preferred Letters Patent appeals against the order of learned Single Judge
Facts
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A Division Bench of the High Court dismissed the appeal preferred by the Appellants but it allowed the respondent's appeal
Facts
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The Division Bench upheld the order of the learned Single Judge holding the order of discharge illegal and void but it set aside the order of the learned Single Judge refusing to grant consequential relief instead it directed the appellants to reinstate the respondent,and to treat him in service without any break in service and to grant him benefits of increments,seniority,and promotion to which he may be entitled under the rules
Facts
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The Bench,however,did not grant full back-wages to the respondent instead it directed the Board to pay him 50 per cent of back-wages
Facts
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Aggrieved,the appellant has preferred the instant appeal after obtaining special leave of this Court
Facts
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This appeal came up for hearing before us on 28th January,1988 and on that day
Facts
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Sh
Facts
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B.K.Mehta,Advocate appearing for the appellants and Sh
Facts
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Vimal Dave,Advocate,appearing for the respondent were fully heard
Facts
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After hearing learned counsel for the parties we were satisfied that the learned Single Judge as well as the Division Bench both had committed error in allowing the writ petition and granting relief to the respondent
Facts
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We expressed our view in the Court and suggested to Mr
Facts
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Vimal Dave,counsel for the respondent,that if he agreed the original writ petition of the respondent could be dismissed without directing him to refund the amount which he had already been paid by the appellants in pursuance to the orders of the High Court and of this Court as during the pendency of the appeal
Facts
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the appellants were directed by means of interim order of this Court to continue to pay salary to the respondent which was being paid to him regularly
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The hearing was adjourned to enable Sh
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Vimal Dave,to obtain instructions from the respondent
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The appeal came up for hearing before us on 16.2.1988 when another counsel appeared to argue the appeal on behalf of the respondent on merits
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We refused to hear the counsel as we had already completed hearing
Ratio of the decision
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Thereupon,the respondent himself appeared in person and sought permission to make his submissions personally
Ratio of the decision
Analyze the sentence and predict in which semantic role (Arguments, Precedent, Statutes, Facts, Ratio Decidendi, Ruling of Lower Court, Ruling of Present Court) does this come under in Indian legal context