tree
stringlengths
23
107k
โŒ€
conc
stringlengths
71
2.77k
โŒ€
doc_id
int64
0
1.11k
ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ . ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ
ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืžืœืžื“ ื›ื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื•ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืจืื™ื™ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื• ื”ืชืžื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ , ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื—ืจืื™ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื—ืจืึตื™ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื—ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื‘ืคืจื˜.
400
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
1. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืจืค"ืง, ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืกืคืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช. ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื–ืืช ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืคื›"ืœ ื›ืืžื•ืจ. 2. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืขื ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2016 .ืคืกืงื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืœื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืกื "ืฅ ื•ื ืฆ"ื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืกืคืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2018 ื˜ืจื ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ืฉื•, ื•ืœืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ. ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค, ื•ืœืคื™ื• ืกืคืจ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ืขื•ื’ืŸ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™" ืžืชืขื“ื›ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืกืฃ ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
401
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืขืจืš ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช ื˜"ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ืืฉืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื•ื“. ื–ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ื–ื• ื’ื ืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื”. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืื•ืช ืชื™ืงื™ื ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืช ื˜"ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ื, ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื—ืกื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืฉืงืœ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ื”. ื—ืกื ื–ื”, ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ืคืฉืข, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืชืŸ.
402
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื”
ื‘- 11.1.17 ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื”ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื -ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื 23 ืœื“ืงืืŸ ื•ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื ืคื’ืฉื” ืขื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฉืžืขื” " ื‘ื“ืื’ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืกื™ืกื” ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ืช. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื— ื“ืจื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื ืจื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืž ื”ืงื“ืžืช ื”ืกื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ื”".
403
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื ื–ืงื™ื• - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
ืžื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขืœื” ืฉืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื˜ื™ืœื•ืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืจื‘ื™ืชืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื ืงื˜ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืกืžื™ื›ื•.
404
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ืžืœื ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช (ืฉื•"ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ) ืื• ื”ืงืžืช ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืกืžืš ืžืกื›ื ืกื“ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืขืœ ืžืกืžืš ื”ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชื™ืขื•ื“.
405
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืžืขืจืš ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืืฉืคื•ื– ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆืื” ืœื”ื ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืื—ืจืช. ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ืขืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื˜ืจื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื’ื ืžืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช; ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื; ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื•ืช; ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ ื ืžืชืคืงื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ื“ ; ื•ืคื’ื•ืขื™ ืจืืฉ ื” ืžืกื›ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•ืืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื. ืืฉืคื•ื– ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ ืื™ื ื• ื”ืžืขื ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืืœื• , ื•ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื. ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืคื•ืกืช ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืœื ืืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื”ื. ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื, ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”. ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื "ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ืกืื•ืช" ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืชื›ืœื™ืชื™ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืคืขืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื•ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืžืชืื™ื ื•ืžืœื ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืกื“ื•ืจ ื•ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื• ืžืขื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืกื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžืœื ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื•. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื‘ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื™ืกืคืงื• ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ื•ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”, ื•ื’ื ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžื”, ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ืขื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื.
406
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืžื›ืจื– ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื ื™ื’ืฉื• 13 ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• 1.2 ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ืœืžื›ืจื– ื ื™ื’ืฉื• ืืคื•ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื.
407
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื›ื•ื ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืง ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืžืื—ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื•ืชืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื• ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ื ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™, ื”ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื–ืง ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืื• ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™, ืืœื ืžื”ื›ืจื— ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช - ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ืฆืคื•ื™ ื•ืช ื•ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชืŸ - ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช. ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื” ืืฃ ืื ื”ืŸ ื“ื—ื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื”, ืฉื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืงืขืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืžื“ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื” ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืชืช ืชืžื•ืจื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื’ื™ื ืŸ.
408
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2006 , ืขื ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืกืชื ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืกื•ื“ืŸ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืืชื”. ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2007 ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื”. ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื”, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื“ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืกืชื ื ื• ื”ื•ื—ื–ืงื• ื‘ืžืขืฆืจ ืœืœื ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช; ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืงืจื‘ื, ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ืœื”ื ืชื ืื™ ืžื—ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื ื’ืจื ื ื–ืง ืœืชื“ืžื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
409
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืชื ืื™ ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืฉื‘"ืก ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื•ื—ืง ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื”ื. ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช, ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืฉื‘"ืก ื”ื—ื™ืœื• ืืช ืกื™ืžืŸ
410
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ - ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจื™ืฉื” (ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืŸ)
ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืง ื•ืœืงื™ื•ื ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืขืช ืคืจื™ืฉืชื ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื• ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคืง ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืคื ื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื, ืืš ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืื• ืขื ืคืกื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื. ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคื ื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ืงื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื” ื ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขื ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืŸ; ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
411
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืžืงืจื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” - ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืฉื ืช 1999 ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืชื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืชื™ืื•ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื
412
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื’ืค_ืž - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื›ืœื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ืค"ืž, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืกื“ืจืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ืขืœ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ืฉืกื™ืคืงื• ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ืค"ืž ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ื–ื™ืงื•ืง ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืžื›ื™ืจืชื• ืœืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื.
413
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช
.ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ืคื ืชื”, ื•ืžื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื ื‘ืข ืžืื™-ืงื‘ืœืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืกื’ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืชื–ื›ื™ืจ.
414
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื
(ื‘) ืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืจ ืžื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ื‘- 3.5.07 ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื•"ื˜ ื”ืื•ืกืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื•. ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืฆื•"ื— ืœื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืขื“ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช, ืœื ืชืคืกื• ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื' ืฉื ืืกืจ ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืง, ืœื ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื• ืืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ืœืงื—ื• ืžืžื ื• ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชืŸ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ. ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ื‘- 3.5.07 ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืื• ืชื•ืกืฃ ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื“ืขืชื• ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืงื™ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืžื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•"ื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืจืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืจืคื•ืื™. ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•"ื— ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื” ื”ืขืชืง ืžื“ื•ื— ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื•"ื˜.
415
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืกืจืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
.ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืง ืฉืขืกืง ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืค ืจื™ื ื ื—ืงืง ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 , ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘- 1.12.07 , ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš. ืžืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2006 ืžืคืจื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืคืจื•ืช ื—ื•ืง, ื•ื”ืŸ ืืฃ ื˜ื•ืขื ื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื™ืืœื™ ื•ืœื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ืจืื•ื™. ืืžื ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“, ืืš ืœืื—ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื‘ื–ืง, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืืคื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘- 1.12.07 . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื ื•ืคืœ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ื›ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืขื ืฃ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช.
416
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืจื“ื™ื• - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื”ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื’ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืžื”ืฉื‘ืชืช ื”ืžืจืื•ืช ื•ืžืจื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื ื—ื™ืชื•ืช. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืฉื•ื ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื–ืงื™ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
417
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืขืชืงืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžืœื•ื“ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื™ื - ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื• ื ื•ื›ื— ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืชื• ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช ื•ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื™ื™ื–ื•ืžื• ื—"ื ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ื’ื‘ืฉื• ืชืคื™ืกื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืช ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื.
418
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื
. ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื• ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืื ืœืืฉืจืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื•ื–ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”.
419
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžืขื ืงื™ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื
ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ืœืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2004 -2007 ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืคืขืจื™ื - ืœืขืชื™ื ืคืขืจื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื - ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ
420
ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืงืฆืืช ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžื™ื–ืžื™ ื’ื•ืœืฃ - ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื’ื•ืœืฃ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืงืจืงืข ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืืชืจื™ ื’ื•ืœืฃ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืชื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื–ื ื•ืžื™ื–ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ืงื‘ืข ื•ืœืคื™ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื, ืฉืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉืชื. ืืฉืจ ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ
421
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื ืงื˜ื” ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืงืจื‘ืชื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ืœืชื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
422
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื ืฉ"ืž ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื ื™ื ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืชืจืžื• ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืžื›ื•ื—ื•.
423
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง) . ืชืฉื“ื™ืจื™ ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ืกื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืจื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืกื•ืžืช ืœืื—ืจ ืชืืจื™ืš ืชืคื•ื’ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื”ืžืคืจืกื.
424
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื’ืžืœืื•ืช
ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœ-54 ืžื‘ื™ืŸ236 ื’ืžืœืื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืงืฆื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืงืฆื‘ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืคืœ ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช, ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื› - 55,000 ืฉ"ื—; ื•ื›ืš ื ืขืฉื”. ืœืคื™ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”, ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœ -54 ื”ื’ืžืœืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—; ื—ืœืง ืžืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉ"ื— ืœื›ืœ ื’ืžืœืื™. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืœื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื’ืžืœืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื” ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืืช ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื” ืœื”ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืคืกื™ืงื”. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืœื—ืœืง ืž-236 ื”ื’ืžืœืื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื’ื ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ืคื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืขื ืœื’ื™ืœ 60 ืฉืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœื™ื” ื›ื—ื•ืง ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœื”. ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืงืฆื‘ืชื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื’ืžืœืื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
425
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื•ื 31.12.06 - ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืงื“ื•ื ื•ืช
ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืฉื ื”ืงืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื' ื•ื‘' ื•ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืกืคื• ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืฉื ืช 1984 . ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ืกืคื• ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1985 , ืืš ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืคืงื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืงืžืชืŸ, ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
426
ืืฉืจื - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ืกื—ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืืฉืจื - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื™ืฆื•ื ื‘ืข_ืž
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื”ื™ื "ืžื ื•ืขื” ืžืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ" ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื›"ืœ, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืคืจืฉื•. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืจืฉื•ืช.
427
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ื”ืงืฆืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ - ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืจื•ื”"ืž ืจืง ื‘- 22.11.07 . ,ื”ื“ื•ื—, ืฉื”ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ืชื™ืื•ื ื•ื‘ืงืจื”, ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืœื ืจืง "ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข", ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2006 ืœืฉื ืช 2007 , ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื ืช 2006 ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ "ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื", ืื•ืœื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื•ื”"ืž.
428
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืืš ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืคื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื” - ื ืืžื ื™ ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื - ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื”, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื ื•ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืงื ืก : ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืคืขืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื ืกื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืงื ืก ืฉื”ื•ืคืงื•30 ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงื ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืกื›ื•ืžื. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื- 2002 2006 ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื 32%-40% ืžืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื› - 36% ; ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงื ืกื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ื”ื•ื 34%-49% ืžืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื›- 41% - ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื•ืฆืจ ืคื—ืช ืฉืœ ื›- 59%.
429
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืกื•ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ืฉืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2005 ื”ืขืœื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืž"ื™ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉื•ื•ืง, ืื• ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœืœื ืžื›ืจื–, ืขืฉืจื” ืืชืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื˜ืžื ื” ื•ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืจืง ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2006 "ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืžืžื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉื•ื•ืง ืืชืจ ื”ื˜ืžื ื” ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ - ืืชืจ ืฉืคื™ื” ื‘'; ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2007 ืคืจืกื ืžืž"ื™ ืžื›ืจื– ื ื•ืกืฃ- ืœืืชืจ ื˜ื•ืจืขืืŸ - ื•ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื™ื–ื ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืจืง ืœืฉื ืช 2008. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืืชืจื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืžื ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืืชืจื™ื ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืž"ื™ ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 2002 , ืืš ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ื, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืชืจ ืฉืคื™ื” ื‘' ื•ืืชืจ ื˜ื•ืจืขืืŸ, ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื ื• ืžืขื ื” ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ื™ืฆืžืฆืžื• ืืช ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืกื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืคื• ืžืื– ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื•ืกื“ืจื• ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืืชืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืœื”, ืœื”ื˜ืžื ื” ื•ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืคืกื•ืœืช.
430
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื - ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื›ืœื™ ืžืฉืงื”
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื• ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืื™ื ื ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”: ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื™ืงื“ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืข ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื›ืœื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืžื›ืœืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืฆื”, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื–ืืช ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืื ื”ืกื˜ื™ื™ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ17 . ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื™ืงื“ื•ืŸ ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื“ืง ืœืขื•ืžืง ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืฉืžื ืขื• ืžืžื ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืืœื”. ืื•ืœื, ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ. ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื ืฉืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2002 -2005 ื”ื™ื• ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืž-65% - .ื™ืขื“ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื• ื›ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื•ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื™ืคื ื” ืืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง ืœื”ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ื ื“ืžื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
431
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื ื”ืœื™ื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”, ื™ืฉื ื ื ื”ืœื™ื ืื•ืœื ื”ื ืœืœื ืชืืจื™ืš ื•ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืขืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืชืงืคื•ืชื. ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืืœ ื ื•ื”ืœ, ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื (ื ื™ื™ืจ ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช) ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืื•ืฉืจ.
432
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืชืงืŸ ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ - ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™
.1. ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ื–ืœื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืกื ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืืŸ ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™, ื‘ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืžื™ื“ืชื ื‘ืชืงืŸ. ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2004 -2006 ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืจืฆื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืž - 600,000 ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืงืŸ. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ืžื”ืžื›ืก ืœืžื—ืกื ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ืืœืคื™ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืชืงืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ื™ื ื ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ.
433
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื’' ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•, ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื“ืคืช ืื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืขื™ืžื•. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื—ื” ืจืง ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉืจืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉืžื”. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื—ื” ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉืžื”, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื‘ ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ. ื’ื ืคืจื˜ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืกืจ ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.
434
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืจื›ืฉ ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื ื•ื™ื“ืื” ืฉืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื’ื•ืจืจื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืงื ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 3(4 .) ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืœืืฉืจ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืš, ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืœื™ื“ื™ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื ืื ืชื ืื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื–ื”ื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืื• ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืชื; ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืชืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื.
435
ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜ . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ - ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜
.(1-3 ), ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ -ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืงืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ( 36% ) ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉื™ ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืž"ืก ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ (5-7 ( ) ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืชืงื ื™ื 55% .) ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื•ืžื” ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช: ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช1- 3 ( ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืชืงื ื™ื 29% ) ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืž"ืก 5-7 ( ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืชืงื ื™ื 34% ). ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืค ืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
436
ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช - ืžืขืฆ - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž
1. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื—ืจื’ื• ืžื”ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื‘- 78%-17.39 % . ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคืขืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื”, ื”ืžืขื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
437
ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืข_ืž
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ืžื ืข ืžืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื ื›ืก ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื‘ื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื ื•ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ ื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
438
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืœื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืชื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ ืฆื• ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื
439
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืžื™
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขื ื”ื™ื•ื•ื“ืข ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืฆื• ืกื’ื™ืจื” ืœื’ืŸ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืกื“.
440
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
.ื•ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”. ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื“ื ื” ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
441
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืชืืจื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ืžื—ื•_ืœ
.ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื’ืฃ ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2007 . ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืฆื™ืจืฃ ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืืชื”ื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื”. 6. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขืœืชื”, ืฉื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–. ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืžื˜ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื” ืื™ื ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื™ืง ืฉื ืคืชื— ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–, ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื•ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื˜ื”.
442
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ื•ืจืืช ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืขืจืš ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื•ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื—
443
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื
(2) ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื•ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืคืž"ืจื™ื. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื’ ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉืœืขืชื™ื, ื”ืžืคืž"ืจื™ื ืžืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื•ืžืคื™ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžืคืž"ืจ. ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื ืขืฉื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืœื ื”ืคืงืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœื›ืš:
444
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™-ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™
1. ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื˜ื‘ืœืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘-122 ( 49% ) ืž -251 ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ 50% ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช. ื‘-64 ( ืžื”ืŸ 25% ) ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื ืžื•ืš ืž- 30% .
445
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืžื›ืจื– ืœืžืฉืจืช ืžื ื”ืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืฆืจื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืคืขืœ ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“, ื—ืจืฃ ืื™ ืขืžื™ื“ืชื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื–. ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื•, ืชื•ืš ืžืชืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ื•ืœื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื—.
446
ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ืชืฉืœื•ื ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืช - ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™
. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื•ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžืžืฉืœื— ื™ื“ ื•ืžืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืืฆืœื• ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืง ื‘ืœื™ ืงืฆื‘ืช ื ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืชื ืื™ื ื” ืžื–ื›ื” ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ.
447
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืื’ืจื‘, ื‘ื‘ืœื’ืจื“ ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื˜ื™ืกืœื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœืŸ
.ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืžื ื ื”ื—ืœ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœืฉื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœืฉืœื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื ืฉื›ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœืก ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืš. ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื• ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื•, ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืœื• ื ืฉื›ืจ, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ืžื ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช, ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืกืš ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืชื•ืงื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•.
448
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ื—ื•_ืœ, ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฆืื™
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ื•ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•.
449
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืงืœื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื• ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื•ื ื”.
450
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž
ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2002 , ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘' ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ื“ื•"ื— ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืื™ 2002 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื”, ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ืชืืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœื• ื›ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืจื›ื‘ืช. ื‘ื“ื•ื—, ืฉื”ื•ืชืื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื ื”ืœ ืขื ืฃ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืกืงื™, ื ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘' ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืืช ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื™ื™ ื“ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืชืืžืชื• ื•ืœื ืžืง ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœืžืจื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.
451
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื’ืฃ ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืž - 2004 , ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช, ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช, ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื”. ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื ืžื™ืœืื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืชืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื”, ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืœืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืชื“ืื’ ืœืชืงื ื ืœืืœืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”.
452
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืงืฆืืช ื›ื•ื ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืชื’ืžืœ ืื•ืชื ืื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื”ื ืชืžืจื™ืฅ, ื›ื™ ืื ืœืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื—ื•ืชืŸ. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื, ื‘ืืกืฃ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื•ื‘ื”ืœืœ ื™ืคื”, ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืœื›ื•ื ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกื˜ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืื•ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืืœื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœืŸ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ.
453
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืžื›ืจื– ื—ืœื•ืฅ (_ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜_) ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืืฉืคื•ื– ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืขื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืœืงืฉื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืขืจืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
454
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉืžื ื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื; ื•ืœื ืจื•ื›ื–ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื—ืชืŸ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื‘ื’ื ื™ื, ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจืŸ.
455
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื ืขื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 30% ืœ- 40% ืžืขืœึผื•ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืงื•ืคื”. ื›- 80% ืžื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจืฉื, ื ืจื›ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื•ื ืฉืืจื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืžื–ืขืจื™ืช. ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ืœื ื ื”ื ื• ืžื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืค ื—ืชืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื. ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืจื›ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื (ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช).
456
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืฉืคื•ื– ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™
ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช 114 ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื ื•ืงื˜ ื›ืœืคื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ื™ืžื• ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ, ืื™ื ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืจื™ืข ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืœื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืื•ืฉืคื– ื•ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืœืฉื›ื•ืช ืœืคืงื—
457
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืงืฆืืช ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
ื™ื•ืฆื, ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืชืืžืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืชื•ืขืœืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ื•ืจื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉื”ืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื›ืš, ืื•ืœื ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืค ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ืขื”, ื•ืžื›ื‘ื™, ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ืœืื•ืžื™ืช93 ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื•ืช ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื•ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื‘ื™, ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื•ืื™ -ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ื™ื™ื’ืจื ืœื”ื ื ื–ืง ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืื• ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื - ืงืœื™ื ืื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืื• ื’ื•ืจื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืื—ืจ, ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™, ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ื ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื•ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืžืคื™ืง ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืžื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืชืื ืœื•.
458
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืชื™ืงื™ ืžืคืข ืœื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื™ืžืœืื• ืื—ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื™ืงื™ื ืืœื”. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ื™ืžืกืจื• ืœื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ื•ื™ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืœื” ืื ื”ื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื.
459
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื–ืง ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืœื”ื - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ื–ื›ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื.
460
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืฉืžืขืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉ"ืž, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื ืฉ"ืž ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขืช. ืืžื ื ืœื ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื ืฉ"ืž, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœืชืขื“ ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื, ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื•ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืืกืžื›ืชื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
461
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ
. ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืกืž"ืง ื ืฆืจืช ืžืขืœื” ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ: ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•, ืื™ -ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืจื‘, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”. ืžื•ืœ ื–ืืช, ืžืกืž"ืง ื ืฆืจืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื‘ืงื ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื. ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืกื“ ืžืก ืจื‘ ืœืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื. ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืžื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ืจืชืขื” ืžื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช. ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืž"ืง ื ืฆืจืช, ื”ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืกืž"ืง ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื™ื ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื”ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืกืž"ืง ื ืฆืจืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืžืกืž"ืง ื–ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืขื‘ ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืืจื• ืœืขื™ืœ. ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ; ื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืช: ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง, ืื›ื™ืคื” ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื”ืชืืžืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืกืž"ืง ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืขื“.
462
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ื™ื. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื; ื‘ืงืจื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื•ื—ืกืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ืžืก ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ื‘ ืžื™ืกื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
463
ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” . ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื ื›_ืœื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ: "ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืžืขืœื” ืฉืืฃ ื›ื™ ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžื•ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื ืื•ืชื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžื•ื ื• ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื•ืœืœื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง". ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชื ืื™ ืกืฃ ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ื™ื ืžืชืงืฉื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ.
464
ื—ื‘' ื”ืžืฉืงื ืœืชืขืกื•ืงืช ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื•ื›ืกืคื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืงื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”
ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืงื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื› -50 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืžื ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
465
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื•
ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืงึทื™ึธื™ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืฉื‘ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ืฉืื‘ืช ืžื”ืžืื’ืจื™ื ืชืชืื–ืŸ ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ืืœื™ื”ื, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืคืœืกื™ ื”ืžืื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืจื“ื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงื•ื•ื™ื”ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื—ืชื•81. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจื” ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืžื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื“ืœื“ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื™ืจื™ื“ืช ืžืคืœืกื™ื”ื ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื”ื, ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืคื™ืš ืœืžืื’ืจื™ื ืืœื”. ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจื ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื‘ืจ ืงึทื™ึธื™ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื ืžื™ืžืฉื” ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื” ื›ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ืงื• ื ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืœืชืคืขื•ืœื ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื•ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืคืงื” ื‘ืช ืงึทื™ึธื™ืžื” ืžื”ื. ืขืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืชื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2010 . ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•, ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืก ื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืœืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื, ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื“ื•ื— ื–ื”.
466
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืชื—ื•ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ืžื•ื ื” ืžืฉืงื™ืฃ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ืœืœ, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื›ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืฃ. ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉืงื™ืฃ ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืชืงื ื• ืœืืœืชืจ.
467
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
ืขืœ ืืฃ ื–ืืช ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืžืคื"ืช, ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืชื•ื›"ืŸ - ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช, ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื›ื– ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ; ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืคื"ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช, ืกื“ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื ื”ืœื™ื; ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืกื“ืจื• ื‘ื ื”ืœื™ื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
468
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื˜ื ืง ื”ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉื•ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื - ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ืืœื•ืฃ (ืžื™ืœ') ืื•ื“ื™ ืื“ื, ื›ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืขืชืงืช ื”ืžืฉ"ื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” "ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ืช", ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ื“ื‘ื›ื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืœื ืชืงื™ืŸ.
469
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ
ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื ื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ืื– ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืžืฉื ืช 2012 .ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื•
470
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืจื›ืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืจื›ืฉ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืขื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืžื›ืจื– ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืคืจื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื’ืกื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืชื•. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืจื›ืฉ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœืžื›ืจื–. ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
471
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืฉืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื.
472
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืคื™ื–ื™ืงื”
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ื”ืžืœ "ืค ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื‘ ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื•ืช, ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืชื“ืจ, ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืœ"ืค ื‘ืžืคืชื— ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืœืื•ืžื™. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืžืœ"ืค ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชืงื ื™ื ืžื˜ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”-BIPM, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื—ืžื™ืฆื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชืงื ื™ื ืืœื•.
473
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ ืขืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘, ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ืืกื“ืจืชื
.ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœื ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ืœืฉื ืช 2015 ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืฉื ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื. ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ืช 2016 ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื ืช 2017 ืคืขืœื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื‘ืœื™ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื.
474
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื ืง ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื‘ืข"ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื ืง ื”ื“ื•ืืจ
.ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืขืจื› ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืื’ืฃ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื•, ืžืขืจื›ืช "ืžืื•ืจ" ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื‘"ื˜48 ,, ื”ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืงืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืืคื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ืชื›ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจื™ื ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžืกืจื‘ืœ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื ืข ืžื”ื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื• ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื•ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ืื™ -ื”ื”ืชืืžื” (ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืื• ืขื•ื“ืฃ) ื•ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
475
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืชื”
ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” , ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืขืœ ื—ื—"ื™ ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื ื•ื›ื— ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ื”ืฉื‘ืชื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืืชืจ ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’. ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืชื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื‘ืชืช ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช, ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืจืฉืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
476
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” 9900 ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ
. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื“ื” ื“ืื– ืฉืœ 9900 ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืคื™ืขื ื•ื— ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื“ืื–, ืžื“ื•ืจ ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช.
477
ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื ื‘ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืœื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช. ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืขืจืš ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืœื•ื—ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ืคืจื˜ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืชืื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืœื•ื—ื ื”ืžืžื•ืงื ืœื™ื“ ื”ื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืฉืขืจืš ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืจืง ืœืขืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื ื‘ืืฉื“ื•ื“.
478
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืžื“ืจื’ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš , ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขื’ืŸ ืืช ืžื“ืจื’ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืฉื•ืžื” ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื“ืจืช ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืืฉืจ.
479
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื–ื” ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื ืœื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืขืจืš ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกืคืจื™ื). ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื™ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืžืจืืฉ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœืคื™ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” , ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžืจืืฉ, ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”, ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืœืฉื™ื•ืš ืชื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืคืฉืž"ื’ ื™ ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื 1 ื•ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื›ืืœื•.
480
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช
ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ืฃ 2005 ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ 2008 , ืชืขืฉ ืœื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื, ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืงืคื• ื•ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื ื™ืกืชื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืขืœ ืชืขืฉ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื–ื•, ืœืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื”. ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžืขืจื‘ื” ืžื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
481
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืฉืคืจืกื ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉืชื™ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ - ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืฉื ืชื™ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืœืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ืช. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืžืฉืœื ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ื•ืžื™ ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืœืืžื•"ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืืžื•ื“ ืืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืžื›ืš.
482
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืืช"ืง, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ื”ืฆื’ืช ื” ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืขืœ ืืช"ืง ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืื—ืจ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.
483
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ ืœื—ื™ืจื•ื
ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื”ืกื“ืจ ื—ืงื™ืงืชื™ ืžืงื™ืฃ, ืžืื•ื—ื“ ื•ืžืชื•ืื, ืฉื™ืจื›ื– ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืจืฃ ื‘ืขืชื•ืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื™ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื“ืจื’ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงืชื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืžืฉื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืจืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื.
484
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ืฉืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2013 , ืœื ื— ืœื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•, ื˜ืจื ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืœืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืืค"ื™ ื˜ืจื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืกืคืช "ืคืจื˜ ืžื›ืก" ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื™ืขื™ืœ ืขืœ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™, ืขืœ ืืค"ื™ ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื›ืก ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืœืืœืชืจ.
485
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช _ื—ื•ืžื”_ โ€“ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขืž"ื˜ ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœืช "ื—ื•ืžื”", ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืชื—ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืฉืœื”ื (ืขืœ ื›ืš ืจืื• ื’ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš).
486
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื”
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืจืžืชื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืง ืž ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืชืชื™ -ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืชืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ื•ืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืจืžืชื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืชืช ื™- ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ.
487
ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž
ืืฉืจ ืœืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชืข"ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืืชืจื ื ื•ื›ื— ืื™ -ืกื™ืžื•ื ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืื™ื ื•ื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืื™-ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืชืข"ื ื›ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” (ืจืื• ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืš). ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื ืืœื• ื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2005 -2007 ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืž-600 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขื“ ืœ- 4,900 .ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
488
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื”ื ื˜ื•ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื–, ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืจืช"ื— ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื™ื ืคื™ืง ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžื›ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืงืขืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ืฆืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืจืช"ื— ืชืฉืชื™ืช. ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช, ื” ืจื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืœื ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืž"ื™ ื•ืœืœื ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื ืคืงืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืจืช"ื— ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžืขื ื™ืง ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื—ืœืงื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ, ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื ื™ืชื ื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžื™ื ืœืื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืœืืœืชืจ. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื, ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™, ื‘ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ืžืชื•ืื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ืžืž"ื™, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื ืคื™ืง ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื‘ืงืขืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื•.
489
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ
ืžืคืงื“ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืžืฉืžืขืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืชื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืคื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขืช. ืชื•ืฆืืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืืฉื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” - ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืช ืขื•ื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉื™ ื”ืจื™ืชื•ืง - ืžืขืœื™ื ืกืคืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื”ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขืช. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื ืคื’ืข ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืžืจืชื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš, ื•ื ืคื’ืข ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื”ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ืฉื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•; ื•ืชื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืืœื•, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ืขืœื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืš.
490
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืจืคื•ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขืžื“ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉืœื ืœืงื‘ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ืคืื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืชื•ื“ืื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ. ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื›ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ืกื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉืœื ืœืงื‘ืœื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ื”ืชืื.
491
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2012 , ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืื›ื™ืคื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืชื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืฆื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืฉืœ "ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื™ืขืฉื”". ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ - ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืจื• ืขืœ ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจื•.
492
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ
ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ืžื—ืกื ื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2011 ื—ืฉืคื” ืืคื•ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ืœืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื.
493
ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ . ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ - ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืงื™ื“ืžื”
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜ ืจื—ื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืช-ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉ"ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ื• ' ื”ืชืจื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•. ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ ืชื›ื•ืœืชื•, ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•. ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ, ื•ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืœื ืจื™ืืœื™ ืคื’ืข ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื‘ืชืช-ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืื™ืœืฆื• ืืช ืฉื‘ "ืก ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ืžืขื ื”.
494
ื ืฆืจ ื”ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžืชื—ื ืชืขืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื‘ื ื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื™ื•ื ื™ 2012 , ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืžืž"ื™ ืœื ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื—ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžืชื—ื; ื–ืืช, ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ืฉื ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžืชื—ื ืขืœื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ - 1997 , ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืœืคื™ื”ื ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื—ื ื™ืžื•ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืœ (ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš). ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืœืžืž"ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืžืกืจื• ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื—ื, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•.
495
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
.ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ืจื™ื›ื– ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ืœืœื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืื™-ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืžื•"ืค ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื—ืงื™ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•"ืค ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืฉื™ืœื• ื•ืœื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ื”ื ื™ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื—ืงื™ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉื ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•"ืค ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช (ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช; ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™) ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช (ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘"ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืงืœ" ืœืฆื”"ืœ).
496
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื ื›ื™ ืฆื”_ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘
.ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2021 , ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื•ืื•ื™ืฉื• 17 (77% )ืž-22 .ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืชืงื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืกื•ื›ื ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2020 ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืขื ืงื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืื™ื•ืฉ ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืื™ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชืงืŸ, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
497
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ - ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืงืจื”
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2021 ืขื“2025 , ืชื•ืš ืงื™ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ืžืกื›ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” - 10 .ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—
498
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ - ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืขื ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื•ื›ื™ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 .ืœื ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื• ืœื›ืœืœ ืœืžืกืžืš ืกื•ืคื™ ื•ืœื ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืชืื ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืœืื—ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘.
499