user132728: I know that the way miners claim their fees are by factoring them in the BTC amount specified in the coinbase, which the protocol forces the max selectable value to be the current block reward + the total fees included from TXs in the block.
But how do people themselves specify what amount of the BTC should be spent on fees in their transactions? Is there a special output area that says to pay it to the miner, or how is it structured?
My question is, in literal concept, how are the fees chosen in a TX when constructing a tx manually.

user13866: The miners fee is sum of inputs minus sum of outputs.
When you construct a transaction you make sure there is a difference between those two sums

Here's a made up example, I want to buy a cup of coffee and I only have the Bitcoin equivalent of a million dollar bill (banknote) in my trouser pocket.
Transaction:




Inputs
Outputs




60.00000
(to coffee shop)         0.00018


 
(change returned to me)  59.99981




Sums:




Inputs
Outputs
Difference




60.00000
59.99999
(fee for miner to collect) 0.00001




132728: <p>I know that the way miners claim their fees are by factoring them in the BTC amount specified in the coinbase, which the protocol forces the max selectable value to be the current block reward + the total fees included from TXs in the block.</p>
<p>But how do people themselves specify what amount of the BTC should be spent on fees in their transactions? Is there a special output area that says to pay it to the miner, or how is it structured?</p>
<p>My question is, in literal concept, how are the fees chosen in a TX when constructing a tx manually.</p>
 13866: <p>The miners fee is sum of inputs minus sum of outputs.</p>
<p>When you construct a transaction you make sure there is a difference between those two sums</p>
<hr />
<p>Here's a made up example, I want to buy a cup of coffee and I only have the Bitcoin equivalent of a million dollar bill (banknote) in my trouser pocket.</p>
<p>Transaction:</p>
<div class="s-table-container">
<table class="s-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: right;">Inputs</th>
<th style="text-align: right;">Outputs</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">60.00000</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">(to coffee shop)         0.00018</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;"> </td>
<td style="text-align: right;">(change returned to me)  59.99981</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Sums:</p>
<div class="s-table-container">
<table class="s-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: right;">Inputs</th>
<th style="text-align: right;">Outputs</th>
<th style="text-align: right;">Difference</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: right;">60.00000</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">59.99999</td>
<td style="text-align: right;">(fee for miner to collect) 0.00001</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>