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Cambodia: "Great venue, *** music" Granada Nightlife Tip by kumari Beautiful little club carved out of a cave with fairly low ceilings and exposed white plaster all over the place. The music was kind of crappy for dancing, I donīt think I would recommend it as a pickup spot because people generally go there with friends. But if you are going with your girl, itīs nice, very romantic and very scenic. Also for tourists, just plain nice to see. Cover on saturday was 5 Euros, including one drink. Dress Code: People are moderately well dressed but I wore sneakers and didnīt have any problem. Not a particularly fancy dressing place. Address:Not sureDirections:Itīs up in the Albaicin, not sure of the exact street but you can ask around. About 7 minute walk from Plaza Nueva.Theme:Nightclub

Integrative teaching in radiology - a survey. To survey integrative teaching in radiology at German universities. A questionnaire about radiological education was sent electronically to all 37 chairpersons of university radiology departments in Germany. The questions included the course type, teaching methods, concept, perception, and advantages and disadvantages of integrative teaching. Statistical analysis was performed with nonparametric statistics and chi-square test. The survey was considered representative with a return rate of 68 %. Integrative teaching is established at 4/5 of all departments. Integrative teaching is well accepted with an acceptance rate that is significantly higher in so-called "Modellstudiengängen" [model courses of study] (100 %) compared to conventional courses of study (72 %). The advantages of integrative teaching include linking of content (92 %) and preparation for interdisciplinary work (76 %). The disadvantages include high effort (75 %) and time (67 %) for organization. Furthermore, there is a risk that basic radiological facts and knowledge cannot be conveyed and that the visibility of radiology as an independent discipline is lost. Conventional radiological teaching has a similarly high acceptance (84 %) compared to integrative courses (76 %). Integrative teaching has a high acceptance among chairpersons in radiology in Germany despite the greater effort. A good interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for integrative teaching and at the same time this can be conveyed to the students. However, the visibility of radiology as a discipline and the possibility to cover basic radiological content must be ensured. Therefore, both conventional courses and integrative teaching seems reasonable, especially in cross-disciplinary subjects such as radiology. Both integrative teaching and conventional radiological teaching are highly accepted. The advantages include the linking of multidisciplinary content and the preparation for interdisciplinary cooperation. The disadvantages include more time and effort for organization and reduced visibility of cross-disciplinary subjects.

Q: Javascript implementing callbacks whenever object property is changed I need something that callbacks whenever a object property is changed, akin to Object.watch and Object.observe. However, those are not cross browser yet. I need to support the following: supports multiple watches on the same property on the same object it must not mutate the object there must be a way to cancel a specific watch without affecting others. I implemented the following which met criteria 1) and 2) but not 3): /** * Add getter/setter to the obj so that the callback is called whenever the property value is changed * Returns a function that cancels the watch * @param {object} obj * @param {string} prop * @param {function} callback * @return {function} */ function watch(obj,prop,callback){ if (obj[prop]===undefined || !obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)){ throw new Error("Dangerous use of watch, "+obj+" does not have ["+prop+"]"); } var prevState = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj,prop); var _var = obj[prop]; Object.defineProperty(obj,prop,{ set: prevState.set === undefined ? function(value){ _var = value; callback(value); } : function(value){ prevState.set(value); callback(prevState.get()); }, get: prevState.get === undefined ? function(){ return _var; } : function(){ return prevState.get(); } }); return function cancelWatch(){ console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(obj,prop)); var val = obj[prop]; delete obj[prop]; if (prevState.get !== undefined || prevState.set !== undefined){ Object.defineProperty(obj,prop,{ get: prevState.get, set: prevState.set }) } else { obj[prop] = val; } }; } For example; this works: var o = {}; o.a = 1; var c0 = watch(o,"a",function(v){console.log("watch: "+v)}); var c1 = watch(o,"a",function(v){console.log("watch: "+v)}); > o.a = 5; "watch 5" "watch 5" However, the problem is in the cancelling. If I call c1(), all is fine because it just pops its getter/setter off. However, if I call c0, that doesn't work because it resets the getter/setter state to before the first watch is called, and thus eliminating the second watch from triggering. My question is, is there a way to fix this? A: Instead of writing it on your own you should try to find and use existing shims (just google for "Object.observe shim") Nevertheless I tried to fix your code: http://jsbin.com/jupuro/2/edit?js,console

/* * Copyright 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc. * * This file is part of GNU Radio * * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later * */ #include "pydoc_macros.h" #define D(...) DOC(gr, dtv, __VA_ARGS__) /* This file contains placeholders for docstrings for the Python bindings. Do not edit! These were automatically extracted during the binding process and will be overwritten during the build process */ static const char* __doc_gr_dtv_dvb_ldpc_bb = R"doc()doc"; static const char* __doc_gr_dtv_dvb_ldpc_bb_dvb_ldpc_bb = R"doc()doc"; static const char* __doc_gr_dtv_dvb_ldpc_bb_make = R"doc()doc";

333 Pa. Superior Ct. 279 (1984) 482 A.2d 567 COMMONWEALTH of Pennsylvania v. Efrain FERNANDEZ, Appellant. Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Submitted June 27, 1984. Filed September 21, 1984. *282 Nino V. Tinari, Philadelphia, for appellant. *283 Stephen G. Heckman, Assistant District Attorney, Philadelphia, for Commonwealth, appellee. Before OLSZEWSKI, POPOVICH and CERCONE, JJ. OLSZEWSKI, Judge: Appellant was convicted by jury of two counts of second-degree murder, burglary, and criminal attempt-robbery on December 29, 1981. Following oral argument, post-verdict motions were denied. Appellant was sentenced to two concurrent terms of life imprisonment on the second-degree murder charges, ten to twenty years' imprisonment on the burglary charge and five to ten years' imprisonment on the criminal attempt-robbery charge. The burglary and criminal-attempt sentences were to run concurrently with each other but consecutively to the two life sentences. On September 28, 1974, appellant, Robert Tome, Sigisfredo Ortiz, and a man named Santiago entered the residence and place of business of Doris and Jean Maiale, planning to steal a large amount of cash which they believed to be on the premises. While subduing the Maiale sisters, Tome shot them each in the head. Panicked and before even taking the money they came to steal, the would-be robbers fled to Philadelphia. Roberto Tome was tried and convicted of the murders and related crimes in 1975.[1] Sigisfredo Ortiz entered a plea of guilty to attempted robbery and testified for the Commonwealth at both the Tome and Fernandez trials. Santiago died before being brought to trial. Appellant, Fernandez, was apprehended by the police in Puerto Rico in 1981. Five issues are raised in this appeal. First, appellant argues that his constitutional right to protection against self-incrimination and his presumption of innocence were abridged by the lower court's grant of a pretrial motion to have appellant shave his beard. The purpose of the order was to facilitate identification of appellant by a Commonwealth *284 witness. We hold that the order did not violate appellant's constitutional rights. Although this is an issue of first-impression for us,[2] there is a plethora of case law available from other jurisdictions.[3] At the outset, we recognize that Article I, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania Constitution, providing that an accused "cannot be compelled to give evidence against himself," does not expand the protection against self-incrimination afforded by the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and made applicable to the states by virtue of the Fourteenth Amendment. Commonwealth v. Moss, 233 Pa.Super. 541, 334 A.2d 777 (1975). The Fifth Amendment has consistently been held to exclude only evidence which is testimonial in nature. United States v. Lamb, 575 F.2d 1310 (10th Cir.), cert. denied sub nom. Clary v. United States, 439 U.S. 854, 99 S.Ct. 165, 58 L.Ed.2d 160 (1978). Testimonial evidence is communicative evidence as distinguished from demonstrative or physical evidence. Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757, 86 S.Ct. 1826, 16 L.Ed.2d 908 (1966) (held, extraction of blood is demonstrative physical evidence). Justice Holmes recognized this distinction many years ago when he wrote that "the prohibition of compelling a man in a criminal court to be a witness against himself is a prohibition of the use of physical or moral compulsion to extort communications from him, not an exclusion of his body as evidence when it may be material." Holt v. United States, 218 U.S. 245, 252-253, 31 S.Ct. 2, 6, 54 L.Ed. 1021 (1910).[4] *285 We recognize that compelling appellant to shave his beard represents an extra-ordinary intrusion of the Commonwealth's police power into the respect which it must accord to the dignity and integrity of its citizens.[5] Nevertheless, we are persuaded that the order served the interests of justice in obtaining demonstrative evidence of appellant's appearance, at the time of the murders, for the jury as finder of fact.[6] Appellant was not compelled to communicate protected knowledge by the order, nor does a careful barbering shock the conscience as a method of discovery "too close to the rack and screw."[7] We reject appellant's argument that the order reflected a predetermination of appellant's guilt.[8] Appellant contends that the order to shave implied the court's acceptance of the Commonwealth's identification of the perpetrator. We disagree. The order served the Commonwealth's interest in pursuing the effective enforcement of criminal law through the discouragement of dissemblance or disguise. *286 Appellant next alleges error in the lower court's refusal to declare a mistrial after the Commonwealth's chief witness, Ortiz, alluded to appellant's subsequent illicit drug activities. We hold that the lower court properly refused to declare a mistrial. At trial, the following exchange occurred during the Commonwealth's direct examination of Ortiz: "Q. Anyway, after you last saw Fernandez that day, that's September 28, did you ever see him again after then? "A. Fernandez, I seen him on the street before Seventh, on Cambria (the remainder of the witness' answer was unintelligible.) "MR. TINARI: I object and move for a mistrial." N.T., Volume I, December 18, 1981, p. 367. At sidebar, defense counsel contended that Ortiz had said that he had met Fernandez at Cambria and he was "copping dope." The trial judge denied the motion for a mistrial, but issued a cautionary instruction and proceeded to voir dire the jury to ascertain what they had heard. Two jurors among the fourteen empaneled had heard Ortiz testify that he saw Fernandez engaged in drug dealing activity. Both jurors indicated that their verdict would not be influenced by Ortiz' comment.[9] The decision to grant a mistrial lies within the sound discretion of the trial court and will be reversed only where there is a manifest abuse of that discretion. Commonwealth v. Seigrist, 253 Pa.Super. 411, 385 A.2d 405 (1978). It is settled that evidence of a distinct crime, not charged in the information, cannot be introduced against a defendant due to its prejudicial impact. Commonwealth v. Allen, 448 Pa. 177, 292 A.2d 373 (1972). Nevertheless, the extreme remedy of a mistrial is not automatically required if it is determined that the inference of prior criminality was innocuous and that effective curative instructions were immediately *287 given. Commonwealth v. Williams, 470 Pa. 172, 368 A.2d 249 (1977). We accept the conclusion of the court below that the statement, under the circumstances, was innocuous, and agree that it was unintentionally elicited by the prosecutor and not responsive to the question. Further, the Commonwealth did not exploit the reference to drugs. Finally, the lower court's prompt and thorough response purged the comment of any prejudice to appellant. Appellant next alleges error in the lower court's refusal to grant a mistrial following Ortiz' testimony concerning identification of appellant from photographs supplied by the police. During appellant's cross-examination of Ortiz, the following exchange occurred: "Q. You do recall telling police authorities here in Montgomery County about a description of the person whom you say was Chiggie (appellant's nickname), is that correct? "A. Actually I was shown some pictures and I picked it out of the pictures." N.T., Volume II, December 21, 1981, p. 182. Appellant argues that this testimony permitted a reasonable inference by the jury of appellant's prior criminal activity, thereby constituting reversible error. We disagree and hold that the reference did not reasonably allow such an inference. Absent prejudice resulting from the reference, appellant's motion for mistrial was properly denied. Commonwealth v. Allen, 448 Pa. 177, 292 A.2d 373 (1972); compare Commonwealth v. Krasner, 285 Pa.Super. 389, 427 A.2d 1169 (1981) (no error where witness testified she was shown a few pictures by police officer); Commonwealth v. Craft, 455 Pa. 616, 317 A.2d 213 (1974) (passing references not prejudicial).[10] *288 Appellant next argues that the court below erred in refusing to allow the introduction of alibi testimony from one Carlos Santiago who would have testified that appellant was with him on the day of the murders.[11] The lower court ruled that the testimony was precluded due to appellant's failure to give notice of intent to present an alibi defense under Pa.R.Crim.P., Rule 305 C, 42 Pa.C.S.[12] Rule 305 C requires that notice must be given at the time of filing of the omnibus pretrial motion, within thirty days after arraignment. Pa.R.Crim.P., Rules 305-307, 42 Pa.C.S. In this issue of first impression, appellant argues that Rule 305 violated his right to present a defense under the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and under Article I, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. We disagree and hold that the court below properly refused to allow the introduction of alibi testimony. Rule 305 addresses the delicate balance between the interest of the accused in presenting a full and complete defense and the interest of the Commonwealth in avoiding fabricated alibis, unfair surprise, and the inevitable delay of justice wrought by an "eleventh-hour defense." See Williams v. Florida, 399 U.S. 78, 81-82, 90 S.Ct. 1893, 1895-1896, 26 L.Ed.2d 446 (1983). Appellant's argument is all the *289 more poignant where he faces life sentences for his murder convictions. The Supreme Court of the United States has expressly reserved the question of the constitutionality of the preclusion of witness alibi testimony for noncompliance with notice provisions. Wardius v. Oregon, 412 U.S. 470, at 472 n. 4, 93 S.Ct. 2208, at 2211 n. 4, 37 L.Ed.2d 82 (1973); Williams v. Florida, 399 U.S. at 83 n. 14, 90 S.Ct. at 1897 n. 14, 26 L.Ed.2d 446 (1970). Williams is of particular interest to us. There, the Court held that a Florida statute requiring advance notice of an alibi defense was valid on its face. The Court reasoned that there is ample room in the adversary system for a rule "designed to enhance the search for truth in the criminal trial by insuring both the defendant and the State ample opportunity to investigate certain facts crucial to the determination of guilt or innocence." 399 U.S. at 82, 90 S.Ct. at 1896. Rule 305 C serves this same pursuit of justice and is constitutional on its face.[13] Appellant also argues that Rule 305 C is unconstitutional as applied to the facts of this case. This argument lacks merit. Rule 305 C(1)(d) gives a trial court three options when a defendant fails to file and serve notice of an alibi defense: (1) the court may exclude entirely any evidence offered by the defendant in the form of alibi witnesses other than defendant himself; (2) the court may grant a *290 continuance for the purpose of further investigation by the Commonwealth; or (3) the court may make such other order as the interests of justice require. As the lower court points out, appellant had ample time to serve notice of his alibi defense from his arraignment on September 2, 1981, through several continuances and up to the beginning of trial on December 17, 1981. It was not until the middle of the sixth day of trial, after the Commonwealth had presented its case-in-chief and after the defense had presented the testimony of two witnesses, that counsel for appellant proffered the alibi testimony. Under these circumstances, the interests of justice demand that the alibi testimony be excluded. The Commonwealth had no prior notice of the existence of an alibi witness. Compare Commonwealth v. Vecchiolli, supra. Appellant delayed giving notice. Further, he failed to justify that delay. Introduction of the testimony at that stage of the proceedings would clearly have prejudiced the Commonwealth's ability to prove its case. See United States ex rel. Snyder v. Mack, 372 F.Supp. 1077 (E.D.Pa. 1974). These same factors persuade us that a continuance would have been inappropriate. The incident was seven years old. Appellant had ample opportunity to prepare an alibi defense. To have stayed proceedings after six days of testimony, long enough for the Commonwealth to prepare a rebuttal to the proposed alibi, would have diminished the jurors' recollection of the prior testimony. Rule 305 C(1)(d) is designed to avoid this potential chaos.[14] Finally, appellant argues that his trial before a death-qualified jury violated his right to equal protection of the law and of due process. Although appellant raised this issue in his post-verdict brief, we agree with the court below that this issue was abandoned at the time of post-trial *291 argument and therefore waived for purposes of our review. Lower court opinion at 29; see Commonwealth v. Urbina, 290 Pa.Super. 117, 434 A.2d 157 (1981). The judgment of sentence is affirmed. NOTES [1] Commonwealth v. Tome, 484 Pa. 261, 398 A.2d 1369 (1979). [2] The issue was raised in one prior case, but was resolved by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court before reaching the merits. Commonwealth v. Bassi, 284 Pa. 81, 130 A. 311 (1925). [3] See generally 24 A.L.R. 4th 592. We also note the excellent and informative opinion by Judge Yohn, below. Commonwealth v. Fernandez, No. 1879-81, slip op. (Montgomery County 1982). [4] See Schmerber v. California, 384 U.S. 757, 86 S.Ct. 1826, 16 L.Ed.2d 908 (1966): ". . . (B)oth federal and state courts have usually held that it offends no protection against compulsion to submit to fingerprinting, photographing, or measurements, to write or speak for identification, to appear in court, to stand, to assume a stance, to walk, or to make a particular gesture." Id. at 764, 86 S.Ct. at 1832 (citation omitted). [5] Compare Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S.Ct. 1602, 16 L.Ed.2d 694 (1966): "To maintain a `fair state-individual balance' . . . to respect the inviolability of the human personality, our accusatory system of criminal justice demands that the government seeking to punish an individual produce the evidence against him by its own independent labors . . ." Id. at 460, 86 S.Ct. at 1620. [6] Compare United States v. Satterfield, 572 F.2d 687 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 439 U.S. 840, 99 S.Ct. 128, 58 L.Ed.2d 138 (1978) (held, requiring defendant to wear disguise for identification not improper). [7] See Rochin v. California, 342 U.S. 165, 172, 72 S.Ct. 205, 209, 96 L.Ed. 183 (1952) (held, coercing defendant to undergo "stomach pumping" to obtain narcotics violated Due Process Clause under the Fourteenth Amendment). [8] Appellant draws his argument from the dissent in Andrews v. State, 291 Md. 622, 436 A.2d 1315 (1981); but see Commonwealth v. Richbourg, 260 Pa.Super. 438, 394 A.2d 1007 (1978) (held, ordering defendant to stand during trial, thereby placing him in "spotlight," works no prejudice). [9] N.T., Volume I, December 18, 1981, pp. 394-408. [10] Despite warnings of the lower court of possible prejudice, appellant's counsel made frequent reference to the pictures. N.T. Volume II, December 21, 1981, pp. 210-239. Cf. Commonwealth v. Oglesby, 274 Pa.Super. 586, 418 A.2d 561 (1980) (no error where possible inference of prior criminal conduct resulted from appellant's cross-examination of witness). [11] The witness was permitted to testify as to other matters. Lower court opinion at 15. [12] Rule 305 states in pertinent part: C. Disclosure by the Defendant (1) Mandatory: (a) Notice of Alibi Defense: A defendant who intends to offer the defense of alibi at trial shall, at the time required for filing the omnibus pretrial motion under Rule 306, file of record notice signed by the defendant or the attorney for the defendant, with proof of service upon the attorney for the Commonwealth, specifying intention to claim such defense. Such notice shall contain specific information as to the place or places where the defendant claims to have been at the time of the alleged offense and the names and addresses of witnesses whom the defendant intends to call in support of such claim. Pa.R.Crim.P., Rule 305, 42 Pa.C.S. [13] Appellant refers this Court's attention to Washington v. Texas, 388 U.S. 14, 87 S.Ct. 1920, 18 L.Ed.2d 1019 (1967), which struck down a Texas procedural statute providing that persons charged as principals, accomplices, or accessories in the same crime could not be witnesses for each other. Washington is distinguished from the instant case in that Rule 305 C does not absolutely bar an accused from calling alibi witnesses. The case of Alicea v. Gagnon, 675 F.2d 913 (7th Cir. 1982), is also inapposite, addressing only the constitutionality of excluding the alibi testimony of the defendant himself. See Pa.R.Crim.P., Rule 305 C(1)(d), 42 Pa.C.S. providing that a defendant's own alibi testimony cannot be excluded. In the instant case, appellant did give alibi testimony in his own behalf. N.T., Volume III, December 24, 1981, pp. 251-278. See also Commonwealth v. Vecchiolli, 208 Pa.Super. 483, 224 A.2d 96 (1966) (former preclusion of alibi rule, Pa.R.Crim.P., Rule 312, 42 Pa.C.S., held facially constitutional). [14] See Epstein, Advance Notice of Alibi, 55 J.Crim.L., Criminology & Police Science 29: "If all the defendant risks is a continuance, he will purposely not give notice because the continuance is valuable to him. When it is granted, it comes after the prosecution has presented its evidence and allows it to get cold." Id. at 35-36.

Fecal testosterone is elevated in high ranking female ibexes (Capra nubiana) and associated with increased aggression and a preponderance of male offspring. We monitored fecal testosterone and progesterone levels in 26 adult ibexes (17 males, 9 females) in a captive herd Nubian ibex held on 250 ha tract to test if testosterone is associated with dominance. The ibexes were observed over a 20-month period, and including two mating seasons, during which time we collected fecal samples twice during early gestation and postpartum intervals and once during lactation and pre-rut season intervals. The social hierarchy was linear with age in adult males and nearly linear in adult females. High ranking males were in solitude, but females were aggregated with the kids in the presence of a dominant female. The testosterone concentration in the males in the pre-rut (211+/-12 ng/g; N=13; dominant male 296 ng/g) was significant higher than other seasons (P<0.05). High testosterone in dominant male at pre-rut was associated with a decrease in confrontations. The individuals with the highest average testosterone concentrations were the dominant male and female (166+/-82 ng/g; 130+/-32 ng/g, N=6, respectively). In females, testosterone was highest in during the post-partum interval and was associated with an increase in aggression. The three highest fertile ranking females had higher testosterone (119+/-14 ng/g vs. 92+/-18 ng/g, P<0.05) than the four subordinate females. The sex ratio of the offspring was 8M/3F for the three older females and 5M/7F for the younger females. In early gestation period, females with only male fetuses had higher testosterone than other gravidities (119+/-14 ng/g, N=6 vs. 91+/-18 ng/g, N=7, P<0.01). Progesterone was significantly higher in the eight multiparous pregnancies than in those with the five singletons (210+/-19 ng/g vs. 186+/-12 ng/g, P<0.02). We conclude that high testosterone in females is associated with an increase in aggressive confrontations in early- and mid-lactation. In contrast, increased testosterone during pre-rut in males is associated with fewer confrontations. In addition, the data support the hypothesis that higher ranking, older dimorphic female ungulates have higher testosterone concentrations and have more male births than subordinate females.

Construction of the Forum of Nerva (which is also known as the Forum Transitorium), was decided by Domitian to give monumental form to the vacant strip of land at the point where the two existing forums met. The emperor died shortly before the work was completed and it was finished by Nerva in A.D 97, at the time aged sixty-six, who gave it his name. The new forum, 120 metres long and 45 wide, allowed no space for the construction of a new colonnade, so the portico of the Temple of Peace was used. At one end a temple was dedicated to Minerva: only its massive basement survives. (Minerva, the ancient Etruscan goddess of crafts, was originally equated with Artemis. Later, as goddess of wisdom, she became the counterpart of the Greek Athene.). Beyond the temple and close to the enceinte wall are two enormous Corinthian columns , the so-called Colonnacce. In the attic between the columns is a high-relief of Minerva, after an original of the school of Skopas. In the rich frieze of the entablature Minerva (Athena) is seen teaching the arts of sewing and weaving and punishing Arachne, the Lydian girl who excelled in the art of weaving and had dared to challenge the goddess. In front of the Colonnacce is a section of the Argiletum. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance the Fora were pillaged for their building material and robbed of their marbles and bronzes, and the area was later built over. The temple was still standing at the beginning of the 17 th c., when it was pulled down by Paul V to provide marble for the Fontana Paolina on the Janiculum. Drawings from the 16th century show us that at that time the temple was still standing and the dedicatory inscription mentioning Nerva could still be deciphered on the architrave. Reconstruction Video – Forum of Nerva:

The inventive concept relates generally to electronic data storage technologies. More particularly, the inventive concept relates to data storage devices and related methods of operation. The information age has produced an explosive increase in the demand for personal data storage. With this increasing demand, various types of personal data storage devices have proliferated. For example, hard disk drives (HDDs) have been widely used due to various attractive features such as high recording density, high speed of data transmission, fast data access time, and low cost. Unfortunately, an HDD can be damaged by even slight shock and vibration due to its use of a platter and complex mechanical parts. In recent years, solid-state disks or drives (SSDs) have been developed to replace HDDs. An SSD is a data storage device that uses a solid-state semiconductor memory as a main form of data storage. Unlike HDDs, SSDs do not include a platter and related mechanical parts. As a result, SSDs tend to have lower mechanical driving time and latency, and faster read/write times compared with HDDs. They also tend to have fewer errors due to latency and mechanical friction compared with HDDs, so their reliability in performing read/write operations tends to be better than that of HDDs. Moreover, SSDs generate relatively little heat and noise during operation, and they can withstand physical shock, which makes them increasingly more attractive than HDDs. Due to the increasing popularity of SSDs, researchers are currently devoting great efforts to improving numerous aspects of their performance, including read/write speed, storage capacity, power consumption, reliability, durability, and many others.

Asymmetric copper-catalysed intramolecular C-H insertion reactions of α-diazo-β-keto sulfones. Asymmetric copper-catalysed intramolecular C-H insertion reactions of a series of α-diazo-β-keto sulfones are reported. Enantioselectivities of up to 82% ee were achieved in moderate to good yield. These results represent the highest level of enantiocontrol achieved to date for a copper-catalysed cyclopentanone synthesis via C-H insertion.

Traditional conservatism has a piece missing — a piece that is shaped like a conscience. The article describing Gerson’s book has strange echoes of a different account of Gerson’s gloryhounding when he was a speechwriter: Time and again, Gerson depicts a lonely struggle to advance measures that would benefit AIDS patients, impoverished children or prisoners reentering society. Gerson is always engaged in a lonely struggle, undoubtedly waged from his base camp from deep inside some social democratic beanery, at least when he is not single-handedly writing Inaugural speeches at Starbucks. Update: Gerson appeared on The Daily Show this week. He seems to have been on the verge of tears half the time. However, something like the reverse is also true: Just because the initial invasion was almost certainly a mistake doesn’t necessarily mean that the continued presence of U.S. troops is a mistake as well. And I detect some goalpost-shifting here among the partisans of immediate withdrawal. And: But given that only six weeks ago he [Yglesias] was throwing out “4 or 5 more years” as a timeline for when Iraq might start to settle down, I think it’s also “at least plausible” that when we look back on the last year of American military operations in Iraq, we’ll judge them to have played a major role in putting the worst behind us earlier than most people anticipated. I suppose I must chime in with my usual dose of pessimism. The “continued presence of U.S. troops” would only not be a mistake if there were reason to think that the changes that have yielded some marginal, temporary improvement in security were going to continue and serve as the foundation for some enduring security. As Prof. Bacevich has said: The general has now made his call, and President Bush has endorsed it: the surge having succeeded (so at least we are assured), it will now be curtailed. The war will continue, albeit on a marginally smaller scale. This goes to the heart of Prof. Bacevich’s criticism of Gen. Petraeus, which is that the plan that seems to be producing some results is being brought to a close because it was not politically viable under the current circumstances to keep it going, much less expand it. Bacevich again: Petraeus has chosen a middle course, carefully crafted to cause the least amount of consternation among various Washington constituencies he is eager to accommodate. This is the politics of give and take, of horse trading, of putting lipstick on a pig. Ultimately, it is the politics of avoidance. And again: Yet Petraeus has chosen to do just the opposite. Based on two or three months of (ostensibly) positive indicators, he has advised the president to ease the pressure, withdrawing the increment of troops that had (purportedly) enabled the coalition to seize the initiative in the first place. This defies logic. It’s as if two weeks into the Wilderness Campaign, Grant had counseled Lincoln to reduce the size of the Army of the Potomac. Or as if once Allied forces had established the beachhead at Normandy, Eisenhower had started rotating divisions back stateside to ease the strain on the U.S. Army. Having achieved modest gains with a half-measure, Gen. Petraeus counsels us to go back to our trusty quarter-measures. As I have said earlier, the “surge” is necessarily temporary in its application and in its effects. Its temporariness is implicit in its official propaganda name of “surge” and in the stated policy of the U.S. government, in that the “surge” was always going to come to an end. Its purpose was to buy time, which it seems to have done. However, this time is basically worthless–though bought at too high a price in American blood–if it is not going to be used well. We have seen temporary increases in force levels before, and they did not ultimately halt Iraq’s downward spiral. The “surge” was, by the account of its own backers, supposed to be completely different from these earlier efforts. This time, there would be political reconciliation, and this time Iraqisation would happen, and this time the lambs would lay down with the lions. Okay, they didn’t say that last part, but the other two were just as likely to happen as the third. Unsurprisingly, none of them has come to pass, nor does any one of them seem likely to happen anytime soon. During the “bad, old days” of “clear, hold and build” you would read stories about how one neighbourhood of Baghdad would be secured, life would begin to resume and then the U.S. deployment would be shifted to another part, whereupon the stabilising neighbourhood reverted to violent chaos. What is supposed to be different when force levels drop and whatever pressure that the “surge” did exert weakens? Now the paired element with the “surge” of brigades was always the old “Iraqis standing up” bit. We don’t hear a lot about this part of the plan, because this is the part–the fundamentally more important long-term part–that isn’t working very well. We all know that the political reconciliation part is a farce. If anything, I’d have to say that Yglesias’ estimate of 4-5 years before Iraq “settles down” may be unduly sunny and positive, because there is nothing to keep things from unraveling again once the “surge” ends. There was never going to be anything to keep things from unraveling once the “surge” was over, which is why the “surge” was a mistake in the beginning. It perpetuated the worst-of-both-worlds approach that Mr. Bush has applied to Iraq for years: too few soldiers to properly stabilise the country, but too many to avoid all the costs and burdens of being an occupier. There are two coherent positions that can be taken (huge increases in force levels or large-scale withdrawal), and one of them is politically and practically feasible. Or we can continue to muddle through as we have done until some calamity throws Iraq into a new round of upheaval. I have given Chuck Hagel a lot of grief over the past year, but today I’m willing to give him a lot of credit. Via Steve Clemons, I see that Hagel has apparently called on the President to consider “direct, unconditional, and comprehensive talks with the Government of Iran.” Common sense is infiltrating the Washington Iran policy debate! No doubt, the administration will file this in the trash can, but it is significant that someone in government is arguing for direct talks with Iran. So Karen Hughes has had enough and is going home. (Mark down another departure, James.) It has been easy to give Karen Hughes a hard time, and it hasn’t really been fair to her. The administration has made an art form out of cronyism, and the President has chosen some of the most inappropriate people for fairly important tasks based on their close relationship with Mr. Bush. Rather than a former ambassador or someone accustomed to the work of diplomacy, Mr. Bush thrust Karen Hughes into a role for which she wasn’t terribly well prepared and which was already going to be monstrously difficult for the most qualified person. It is some consolation for Ms. Hughes that administration policy had already done so much damage to our international reputation that there really was little that she could do, and so perhaps it is not very surprising that she didn’t try to do very much. The notion that somehow changing the tone means simply that we let them say whatever they want to say or that there are no disagreements and that we’re all holding hands and singing ‘Kumbaya’ is obviously not what I had in mind and not how I function. And anybody who thinks I have, hasn’t been paying attention. ~Barack Obama When you get down to it, I guess I’m sympathetic toward Hillary but really, really wishing that Obama would give me a good reason to change my mind and support him instead. But he just never does. Domestic policywise he’s been fairly cautious and mainstream. On the foreign policy front he’s better than HRC, but only by a couple of notches. And his Kumbaya campaigning schtick leaves me cold. Worse than that, in fact: it leaves me terrified that he just doesn’t know what he’s up against with the modern Republican Party and won’t have the instinct to go for the jugular when the inevitable Swift Boating commences. ~Kevin Drum Then there was this bit from Ryan Lizza’s mid-September article on the leading Democratic candidates: Edwards dismisses Obama’s argument that more consensus is needed in Washington. The difference between them, Edwards told me, is the difference between “Kumbaya” and “saying, ‘This is a battle. It’s a fight.’ ” When I asked whether he’s a populist, he lifted a riff from his stump speech: “If it means you’re willing to stand up for ordinary people, the kind of people that I grew up with, against very powerful, entrenched interests, then yes, I am a populist.” There seem to be a number of people, whose job it is to pay attention to and be engaged in politics, who think that there’s a bit too much Kumbaya-ism in Obama’s campaign. As I’ve said before, you can hardly blame people for coming away with this impression when Obama has offered such a vague and non-descript vision. In fairness, most people, including myself, who use the word Kumbaya as a way of mocking someone’s ridiculously optimistic worldview are doing a disservice to the song in question. The song itself is a perfectly unremarkable spiritual folk song. The drippy, saccharine nonsense that Obama offers is so much worse that it demeans the song to link the two together. And on yet another level, that issue highlights the way the West, including the U.S., has been preoccupied with the killing of 1.5 million Christian Armenians by mostly Muslim Turks and Kurds. ~Leon Hadar Certainly, there has been some attention drawn to the genocide in the West over the last 90 years, though the attention tended to be greatest when it was happening and has since settled into the background or vanished from collective memory. But preoccupied? The West has been anything but preoccupied with the Armenian genocide. But for active lobbying by Armenians, scarcely anyone would give it a second thought. Our isolationist policies with regard to Cuba, meanwhile, have hardly won the hearts and minds of Cubans or Cuban-Americans, many of whom are isolated from families because [of] this political animosity. This echoes his statements in his response to the Union-Leader’s attack on him. David Kirkpatrick’s article on the politics of modern evangelicals has some interesting details, including a general souring of many evangelicals on the war. Then there was this: “The first time I voted was for Carter,” Scarborough recalled. “The second time was for ‘anybody but Carter,’ because he had betrayed everything I hold dear. “Unfortunately,” Scarborough concluded, “there is the same feeling in our community right now with George Bush. He appeared so right and so good. He talked a good game about family values around election time. But there has been a failure to follow through.” He didn’t really talk that good of a game. He played on his own experience with evangelical Christianity to sucker a great many people, both supporters and opponents, into believing that he was a hard-core social conservative. There was never going to be anything like the “follow through” that would have satisfied many of these evangelical voters. Kagan manages to put together an entire column in which he never once shows that he understands the difference between “liberal autocracy” a la Singapore and illiberal democracy. For the truncated democratist imagination in which there is liberal democracy and everything else lumped under “tyranny,” this oversight is typical. No one, or at least no one of any consequence, thinks that Putin, Hu Jintao (or whoever will succeed him) or Chavez represent “liberal autocracy,” and only committed opponents of Putin’s and Chavez’s regime prefer to call their political systems autocratic. I’m prone to throw around the word autocracy to make a polemical point, too, but it is plainly imprecise and does not describe the form of government that prevails in these countries. In China, the government is oligarchic and authoritarian and still significantly party-based. Russia’s government is oligarchic and authoritarian and based in the security services, but retains a number of formal democratic and constitutional features. Venezuela’s government is a much more straightforward illiberal democratic one, whose claim to being democratic has been denied by many American observers because the government is illiberal and quasi-socialist, which is to show that these observers cannot make basic distinctions in political theory. So it is difficult for “autocracy” to be resilient in a place where there isn’t actually an autocracy. The authoritarianism in Russia and the populist demagoguery in Venezuela are both products of the very elections Kagan boosts. The fact is that liberalism has a small constituency in both countries (outside of a very few western European, Anglophone and North American countries, this has often been the case), and when put before the electorates of Russia and Venezuela liberalism fares very poorly. Some of this has to do with the fact that relatively liberal politics was associated with the wealthy elite and tycoons, and the effects of policies carried out in the name of liberalism were generally poor or even disastrous for the people who now back authoritarian populist leaders. There will be objections that Russian elections in particular are not fully “free and fair,” but against this I would note that even with fully free and fair elections the overwhelming majority would still want nothing to do with the Russian liberals. This is hardly surprising: in mass democracy, the politics of liberty tends to lose and lose badly, while one form of demagoguery or another (be it nationalist or revolutionary socialist) usually prevails. One of Ross’ commenters makes what I assume he thinks is a clever remark: This is really important work you’re doing. Thanks. Now that we know Venezuela is not an “autocracy” I can go to sleep tonight, comfortable that my children will not improperly label the various oppressive governments around the world. Very droll. Of course, one might observe that misunderstanding the nature of a regime and then building an entire argument off of that misunderstanding will lead to the wrong conclusions. One might suppose that sloppy and inaccurate use of language reflects poorly on an argument. Suppose that someone thinks that the answer to the problems of Russia and Venezuela is a lack of elections, when the current regimes are at least partly the product of elections, and then that someone opts, whether out of laziness or sloppiness, to label these elected governments autocracies. Suppose that he also has a record of promoting confrontational policies against other such “autocracies.” Might it matter then that we give things their proper names and try to address the world as it is, rather than as it appears in the democratist comic book version?

Patients' perception of monitoring during cardiac rehabilitation: taking the message home. Graduates of a cardiac rehabilitation program reported they did not use self-monitoring skills at home. This unexpected outcome led to an investigation of the reasons for this lack of use. Results of the study informed program revision including the teaching tool and teaching strategies designed to enhance program effectiveness and improve patient outcomes.

Q: ADGV C# DataGridView - update query bug? I'm trying to use auto-generated advancedDataGrid - ADGV (adgv.codeplex.com). Problem is that the below shown procedure does not succeed with updating the SQL table every time... It is exactly every second Event raised... private void advancedDataGridView1_CellEndEdit(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e) { int rowIdx = advancedDataGridView1.CurrentCell.RowIndex; DataRowView drv = (DataRowView)advancedDataGridView1.Rows[rowIdx].DataBoundItem; DataRow dr = drv.Row; this.levTableAdapter.Update(dr); //strange, but Update is done every second time.... } How to debug it?, if I add another line of this.levTableAdapter.Update(dr) - it will not help either... EDIT: Looked into behaviour again and I have to update: 1st enter "A" - noChangeSQL, Event picks "A", "A" in the datagrid cell. 2nd enter "B" - "A" in SQL, Event picks "A", "A" in cell. 3rd enter "C" - "A" in SQL, Event picks "C", "C" in cell. 4rd enter "D" - "C" in SQL, Event picks "C", "C" in cell. 5th enter "E" - "C" in SQL, Event picks "E", "E" in cell. A: Are you sure, it's every second event? Could it be it doesn't save just the last row you changed? If it is a timing issue or excecution order problem (like row state update happening after EndEdit event gets handled), you can defer it a bit, with Form's BeginInvoke, like this: private void advancedDataGridView1_CellEndEdit(object sender, DataGridViewCellEventArgs e) { int rowIdx = advancedDataGridView1.CurrentCell.RowIndex; DataRowView drv = (DataRowView)advancedDataGridView1.Rows[rowIdx].DataBoundItem; DataRow dr = drv.Row; BeginInvoke((Action)(() => SaveRowChanges(dr))); } private void SaveRowChanges(DataRow dr) { DataRow[] rows = { dr }; adapter.Update(rows); }

Continuous renal replacement therapy in dogs and cats. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a relatively new extracorporeal blood purification modality that is rapidly gaining acceptance for the treatment of acute kidney injury in cats and dogs. The author has used CRRT for the treatment of leptospirosis, tumor lysis syndrome, heatstroke, pre- and postsurgical support of ureteral obstructions, as well as aminoglycoside and melamine toxicities. As the name implies, CRRT is a slow gradual process, and once treatment begins, patients continue therapy until their renal function returns, they are transitioned to intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), or they are euthanized. Unlike IHD, which is a primarily diffusive therapy, CRRT uses diffusion as well as convection. Because of its efficient use of fluids, CRRT units use prepackaged fluids, eliminating the need for costly water purification systems that are needed for IHD.

Q: how to store a box2d b2FixtureDef fixtureDefinition into a NSArray in Xcode I've got some issues wrapping an application, developed through netbeans 8 in html5 and javascript, into PhoneGap to make it playable also on iOS devices. So (since it's anyway a matter i want to learn) I'm trying a port to the iOS native Objective-C language in Xcode. I could already re-write some Javascript functions, but as I came in need to store some of my Box2D objects and structs into arrays or dictionaries I started to feel lost. my situation is like this: in Javascript i can make arrays to store all the objects and fixtures i need to create in this way: function createBoxStart(){ //create three objects when game starts for (i = 0; i < '...number of objects i need'; i++) { var start = {x: '...some operation to get my x', y: '...some operation to get my y'}; var fixDefContainer = new Array(); fixDefContainer['fixDef'+prodNum] = new box2d.b2FixtureDef; fixDefContainer['fixDef'+prodNum].density = 10; fixDefContainer['fixDef'+prodNum].friction = 10 ; fixDefContainer['fixDef'+prodNum].restitution = myBox[prodNum].reflection; var bodyDefContainer = new Array(); bodyDefContainer['bodyDef'+prodNum] = new box2d.b2BodyDef(); bodyDefContainer['bodyDef'+prodNum].type = box2d.b2Body.b2_dynamicBody; bodyDefContainer['bodyDef'+prodNum].position.x = start.x /scale; bodyDefContainer['bodyDef'+prodNum].position.y = start.y /scale; bodyDefContainer['bodyDef'+prodNum].gravityScale = myBox[prodNum].g; bodyDefContainer['bodyDef'+prodNum].linearDamping = myBox[prodNum].lDamp; bodyDefContainer['bodyDef'+prodNum].angularDamping = myBox[prodNum].angDamp; bodyDefContainer['bodyDef'+prodNum].userData = coinBox[prodNum].userName ; fixDefContainer['fixDef'+prodNum].shape = new box2d.b2CircleShape(coinBox[prodNum].size/scale); myBody[prodNum] = bodyDefContainer['bodyDef'+prodNum]; myBody.id = myBody[prodNum].userData; myObj[prodNum] = world.CreateBody(bodyDefContainer['bodyDef'+prodNum]); myObj[prodNum].CreateFixture(fixDefContainer['fixDef'+prodNum]); prodNum++; ..... ..... }...} However in Xcode I've to create a "NSArray* myArray" object, and also, as long I've made it, I found out I cannot store any C++ objects into it without wrapping them before. I'm still trying to make it work using the NSValue class as i saw in some tutorials, but also i totally don't know yet how to store the fixtures, since they're neither initialized with a pointer. Here is how i create the "myFixDef" object, and since it has not a "*" i cannot wrap it into the NSVAlue class. b2FixtureDef myFixDef; Thanks in advance for any help and suggestion A: A b2FixtureDef is really just a collection of properties like friction, restitution, density etc. You can store that in an Obj-C structure if it's easier, and then just set the properties in a b2FixtureDef when you need to create a fixture.

Thursday, May 29, 2014 Let dividends do the heavy lifting for your retirement As a dividend growth investor, my goal is to build a portfolio of quality dividend paying companies, that grow dividends over time. My success in achieving that is dependent on amount of savings I can put to work each month, the returns I can generate and the time I allow the investments to compound. I believe that consistently saving a portion of my income is the basic foundation behind my financial independence calculation. However what I do with that money is equally as important, because if I am successful, the amounts I earn from investing will be many times what I would have earned during my lifetime. In other words, if I saved $1000/month for 20 years, I would have ended up putting approximately $240,000. Let’s assume that I invest it all in dividend growth stocks that yield 3% today and grow distributions by 7% annually. Distributions are then reinvested in more companies yielding 3%, which grow dividends by 7% per year. After 20 years, the value of this hypothetical portfolio would be approximately $715,000. It would be earning over $21,500 in annual dividend income. The power of compounding has resulted in a gain of over half a million dollars in net income. This power of compounding was created when earnings were plowed back in the business to maintain and increase profits and have the capacity to increase dividends. Those increased dividends are then also plowed back to buy more shares, which turbocharges the income growth potential. As you can see, by year 20, the amount of dividends that is earned covers the amount of funds put to work in the portfolio almost by a factor of two. This shows that consistent compounding of capital and dividend income can result in much more funds that those initially put to work. The amounts put to work are really minuscule relative to the ending amounts, after a period of consistent compounding of capital and income. If you continued compounding for another 30 years, the amounts put would look even smaller, relative to the ending amounts of capital and income. Of course, this goes on to show that even small amounts of money that are left to compound over long periods of time and a consistent rate of return, could mushroom into pretty sizeable fortunes. This is why you should never despise the days of small beginnings, but should start investing as soon as possible. The earlier your start, the more time do you have to compound your capital. For example, if you are 25 years old and you can only afford to put $10,000 to work in dividend paying stocks once, you can do pretty well over a 40 year period. When you are 65, you can end up with a portfolio earning almost $13,800 in annual dividend income. If you are 50 years old, and you want to earn the same type of income at the age of 65, you need to put $114,000 to work for you. You can definitely see with this example that starting as early as possible lets your dividend growth stocks do the heavy lifting for you. I have shared the spreadsheet I used to create those calculations here. For example, one of the largest beneficiaries of the power of compounding is Warren Buffett. He became a billionaire in 1986, at the age of 56. Now, at the tender age of 84, he is worth $58.50 billion. In other words, 98% of this fortune was achieved in the past 28 years. This was mostly done because of the power of compounding. I keep seeing investors that do not understand why it makes sense to buy dividend growth companies that yield only 2.5% - 3% today. What those investors are missing however is really obvious. They miss that those companies regularly manage to grow their dividends, because they are able to increase profits over time. If you start with a 3% yield today, but you grow the dividend by 7%/year for 30 years, you will end up with a stock that pays you a 24% yield on your cost eventually. In other words, if you put $1000 in a dividend paying stock that yields 3% today, but grows those dividends by 7% per year, you will end up with an annual dividend income of $240 in 30 years. This example of course assumes that you spend all the dividends. If you reinvested those dividends into more stock for 30 years, the annual dividend income produced by that dividend machine would be $520 ever year. I am going to feature nine quality companies that look attractively valued today, and which could result in pretty decent results if compounded over the next 30 years include: Altria Group, Inc. (MO), through its subsidiaries, manufactures and sells cigarettes, smokeless products, and wine in the United States and internationally. This dividend champion has managed to raise dividends for 44 years in a row and has managed to grow dividends by 11.40%/year over the past decade. Currently, is trading at 15.80 times forward earnings and yields 4.70%. Check my analysis of Altria. Chevron Corporation (CVX), through its subsidiaries, is engaged in petroleum, chemicals, mining, power generation, and energy operations worldwide. This dividend champion has managed to raise dividends for 26 years in a row and has managed to grow dividends by 10.60%/year over the past decade. Currently, is trading at 11.50 times forward earnings and yields 3.50%. Check my analysis of Chevron. The Coca-Cola Company (KO), a beverage company, manufactures and distributes coke, diet coke, and other soft drinks worldwide. This dividend champion has managed to raise dividends 52 for years in a row and has managed to grow dividends by 9.80%/year over the past decade. Currently, is trading at 19.40 times forward earnings and yields 3%. Check my analysis of Coca-Cola. Exxon Mobil Corporation (XOM) explores and produces for crude oil and natural gas. This dividend champion has managed to raise dividends for 32 years in a row and has managed to grow dividends by 9.60%/year over the past decade. Currently, is trading at 13.10 times forward earnings and yields 2.70%. Check my analysis of Exxon Mobil. Genuine Parts Company (GPC) distributes automotive replacement parts, industrial replacement parts, office products, and electrical/electronic materials in the United States, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Canada. This dividend champion has managed to raise dividends for 58 years in a row and has managed to grow dividends by 6.20%/year over the past decade. Currently, is trading at 18.50 times forward earnings and yields 2.70%. Check my analysis of Genuine Parts Company. Johnson & Johnson (JNJ), together with its subsidiaries, is engaged in the research and development, manufacture, and sale of various products in the health care field worldwide. This dividend champion has managed to raise dividends for 52 years in a row and has managed to grow dividends by 10.80%/year over the past decade. Currently, is trading at 17.20 times forward earnings and yields 2.80%. Check my analysis of Johnson & Johnson. PepsiCo, Inc. (PEP) operates as a food and beverage company worldwide. This dividend champion has managed to raise dividends for 42 years in a row and has managed to grow dividends by 13.70%/year over the past decade. Currently, is trading at 18.90 times forward earnings and yields 3.10%. Check my analysis of PepsiCo. The Procter & Gamble Company (PG), together with its subsidiaries, manufactures and sells branded consumer packaged goods. This dividend champion has managed to raise dividends for 58 years in a row and has managed to grow dividends by 10.60%/year over the past decade. Currently, is trading at 19.20 times forward earnings and yields 3.20%. Check my analysis of Procter & Gamble. Target Corporation (TGT) operates general merchandise stores in the United States and Canada. This dividend champion has managed to raise dividends for 46 years in a row and has managed to grow dividends by 19.80%/year over the past decade. Currently, is trading at 14.50 times forward earnings and yields 3.10%. Check my analysis of Target. General Mills, Inc. (GIS) produces and markets branded consumer foods in the United States and internationally. This dividend achiever has managed to raise dividends for 11 years in a row and has managed to grow dividends by 10.80%/year over the past decade. Currently, is trading at 18.70 times forward earnings and yields 3%. Check my analysis of General Mills. Eight of these companies are dividend champions whose annual dividend growth rate exceeded 6%/year over the past 1, 3, 5, and 10 years, yield as above 2.50% and selling for less than 20 times earnings. The last one is a dividend achiever, which I am trying to build a sizeable position in over the next couple of years. To summarize, savings is important to get you started in investing. However, at some point, the power of compounding is a much stronger and more powerful driving force that would help you achieve your dividend income objectives. This is why it is important to start investing as early as possible, in order to allow your capital maximum amount of compounding time. As they say, it is time in the market that truly counts, not timing the market. Post Pages . Disclaimer I am not a licensed investment adviser, and I am not providing you with individual investment advice on this site. Please consult with an investment professional before you invest your money. This site is for entertainment and educational use only - any opinion expressed on the site here and elsewhere on the internet is not a form of investment advice provided to you. I use information in my articles I believe to be correct at the time of writing them on my site, which information may or may not be accurate. We are not liable for any losses suffered by any party because of information published on this blog. Past performance is not a guarantee of future performance. Unless your investments are FDIC insured, they may decline in value. By reading this site, you agree that you are solely responsible for making investment decisions in connection with your funds. Questions or Comments? You can contact me at dividendgrowthinvestor at gmail dot com.

By Ashley Halsey III | Washington Post WASHINGTON – The Senate on Wednesday gave final approval to a long-sought five-year reauthorization for the Federal Aviation Administration, sending the legislation to the White House for President Donald Trump’s signature. The bill passed the Senate 93-6 after six extensions that kept the FAA’s funding at a level first set in 2012. The most recent of them came last week as lawmakers were in turmoil over Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh. Lawmakers circled back a day after Thursday’s tumultuous Kavanaugh hearing to extend funding for week so that the FAA didn’t run out of cash. “This is something we’ve been trying to do for many years,” Sen. James Inhofe, R-Okla., said, noting that a five-year bill had not been passed since the 1980s. “It’s really a big, major deal.” In addition to keeping vital programs like the $36 billion NextGen program afloat and paying the FAA’s 14,000 air traffic controllers, the bill tweaks airline regulations, sets additional guidelines for drone aircraft and provides funding for the Transportation Security Administration. It also strives to make flying a more pleasant experience for airline passengers. The bill: – Bars airlines from bumping a passenger who already has been seated on the airplane. – Requires the FAA to set minimums seat width and the distance between rows of seats. – Says passengers must be allowed to check strollers when flying with a small child, and that pregnant passengers can board ahead of others. – Let’s the Transportation Department determine whether airlines are shading the truth when they say “that a flight is delayed or canceled due to weather alone” if other factors entered into the decision. – Requires airlines to refund fees to passengers for things they don’t receive. – Makes it illegal to put a live animal in an overhead bin. This change comes after a dog suffocated in March when a United flight attendant insisted that its carrier be stored overhead rather than underneath the flier’s seat. – Creates an aviation consumer advocate. – Gives flight attendants a 10-hour rest period between flights, rather than eight hours, from the time their flight touches down until their next takeoff. – Instructs the secretary of transportation to create an “Airline Passengers with Disabilities Bill of Rights” to ensure they are treated with dignity and respect, that their wheelchairs or other necessary equipment is accommodated, and that they receive appropriate seat assignments. – Prohibits cellphone calls on planes. “Keeping phone conversations off commercial flights may not be enshrined in the Constitution, but surely it is enshrined in common sense,” Sen. Lamar Alexander, R-Tenn., said in a statement. “Stop and think about what we hear now in airport lobbies from those who wander around shouting personal details into their phones: babbling about next week’s schedule, orders to an assistant, or arguments with spouses.” A provision that could have curbed airline fees was cut from the bill in the House-Senate conference committee. It would have designated the secretary of transportation to determine whether fees were “reasonable” and proportional to the cost to the airlines for the service. Removal of the $2.86 billion in ticket change fees and almost $4.6 billion in baggage fees was the number one objective of airline lobbyists, and their success was lamented Tuesday by one of the provision’s authors. “The airline lobby knew they could count on Congress to do their bidding,” said Sen. Edward Markey, D-Mass., who voted against the measure. “This is price gouging in its purest form.” The bill sent to the White House also instructs the FAA to prepare for a return to supersonic air travel and to create an Office of Spaceports. The Office of Spaceports would provide oversight for the state and local concerns that have been launching rockets, most of them privately owned, into space. The FAA also is instructed to provide greater regulation of drones. The bill would allow the government to shoot down a drone that “is identified as high-risk and a potential target for unlawful unmanned aircraft activity.” It provides grants for airports and allows them to use third-party facilities to train bomb-sniffing dogs rather than relying solely on federal training facilities. “Yes, they are a deterrent in and of themselves,” Sen. Maria Cantwell, D-Wash., said on the Senate floor, “and they help us speed up lines, but they also are there to detect the use of explosives or other materials, and they are doing an unbelievable job.” The bill also tells the FAA to take a thorough look at cockpit security, considering whether a protective screen might be put in place when pilots use the restroom at the front of the plane. An amendment to the bill also creates a $1.68 billion relief fund for those affected by Hurricane Florence and other natural disasters.

After walking out, Rodriguez issued a statement through his spokesman. "I am disgusted with this abusive process, designed to ensure that the player fails," the statement said. "I have sat through 10 days of testimony by felons and liars, sitting quietly through every minute, trying to respect the league and the process. This morning, after Bud Selig refused to come in and testify about his rationale for the unprecedented and totally baseless punishment he hit me with, the arbitrator selected by MLB and the players' association refused to order Selig to come in and face me. "The absurdity and injustice just became too much. I walked out and will not participate any further in this farce." He's angry because it was ruled that Selig doesn't have to show up. I actually agree with ARod here...maybe I wouldn't have been a ***** and stormed out, but I'd be pretty upset if the guy who suspended me didn't have to explain his case. I don't think 211 was arbitrary. At the time the suspension was issued, weren't there about 50 games left in the 2013 season? I think the number 211 amounted to the number of games left in 2013 at that time, plus 162 more games for all of 2014. It was a suspension basically through the end of the 2014 regular season. Since he appealed and ended up playing the rest of 2013, 211 games doesn't really accomplish the same thing, so I wouldn't be surprised to see it reduced. But I'd still expect it to last at least one full season.

Introduction {#sec1-1} ============ Hypertension presents as a usual clinical symptom in 50%--75% of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients.\[[@ref1]\] Primary aldosteronism (PA) occurs in approximately 10% of patients with mild to moderate hypertension and 20% of patients with resistant hypertension.\[[@ref2]\] The occurrence of PA in ADPKD patients is extremely rare. Here, we describe a unique case of ADPKD with adrenal mass. Case Report {#sec1-2} =========== A 33-year-old female, during routine visit to obstetrician at the time of her first pregnancy (in 2008), detected to have hypertension and on routine ultrasonography found to have multiple cysts in both the kidneys. Her mother and maternal uncle also had polycystic kidney disease. She was started on antihypertensive medications; however, there were no signs of preeclampsia and her blood pressure (BP) was well controlled. However, she lost her baby due to intrauterine fetal death at 5 months of gestation. Since then, she was on regular follow-up for her hypertension and on regular treatment with nifedipine 10 mg twice a day, her BP remaining around 130--140/80--90 mmHg. Her two-dimensional echo revealed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Her renal function at that time was normal (serum creatinine was 0.61 mg%). In October 2013, she had complaints of weakness, body ache with cramps and leg pain with feeling of easy fatigability; however, this was attributed to nutritional deficiency and treated with multivitamins. Her BP at that time was 140/80 mmHg. In 2016, during her workup for surrogacy, she was advised to consult nephrologist, so she came to Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad. On investigation, her serum potassium was found to be 1.8--2 mg/dl and serum creatinine of 1.7 mg%. In view of hypertension and hypokalemia ( first time detected), she was advised computed tomography (CT) abdomen to rule out adrenal lesion. Her CT abdomen showed left adrenal cyst/adenoma of 2.3 cm × 2 cm \[[Figure 1](#F1){ref-type="fig"}\]. She was advised to undergo further investigations and removal of mass. She underwent magnetic resonance imaging of abdomen which showed left adrenal nodule of 2.7 × 2.5 cm in size. Her serum potassium was 2.4, she was supplemented with potassium, and spironolactone was started. Her BP was 120/80 mmHg (on nifedipine 20 mg and aldactone). {#F1} On further investigation of the adrenal mass, her serum aldosterone was high - 69.8 ng/dl and plasma renin activity (PRA) was low - 0.68 ng/ml/h, aldosterone/PRA ratio being 102.6, thus favoring primary hyperaldosteronism. She underwent left adrenalectomy on July 5, 2016 \[[Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}\]. Intraoperative course was uneventful with her BP remaining around 140--150 mmHg systolic without antihypertensive medications. Her serum creatinine remained around 1.2--1.3 mg/dl with serum potassium of 2.5--2.7 mg/dl postsurgery \[[Table 1](#T1){ref-type="table"}\]. ###### Details of blood reports  On postadrenalectomy (gross specimen) \[[Figure 2](#F2){ref-type="fig"}\], she needed antihypertensive medications for a month, gradually her BP reached normal range (120/80 mmHg) and her antihypertensives were stopped with well-controlled BP. Her serum potassium levels also reached normal range (3.5--5 mg%) without any supplementation. {#F2} Discussion {#sec1-3} ========== Approximately 60% of ADPKD patients present with hypertension before renal function become impaired.\[[@ref3]\] Mostly clinicians consider the intrarenal activation of the renin--angiotensin--aldosterone system (RAAS) to be the main pathogenesis of hypertension in ADPKD patients, though there may be additional causes of hypertension. Identifying ADPKD-affected individuals with modifiable secondary hypertension, such as aldosteronism, is challenging since multiple renal cysts may obscure the identification of adrenal adenomas. Avoiding delays in diagnosis will permit aggressive BP treatment, early inhibition of the RAAS, and decreased cardiovascular risks.\[[@ref4][@ref5]\] Once the coexistence of hypokalemia and resistant hypertension is identified in ADPKD patients, a secondary cause of hypertension should be suspected. Screening for PA can benefit both the patient and clinician, particularly in cases where hypertension is severe and/or resistant to treatment; in this situation, the removal of APAs can allow effective controlling of BP. In addition to aldosterone-induced target organ inflammation and fibrosis, aldosterone has been linked to components of metabolic syndrome, including hypertension, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.\[[@ref6][@ref7][@ref8][@ref9]\] The detrimental effects of aldosterone may expose patients to a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases, but the long-term effects of aldosterone on ADPKD patients are currently unknown. Liou *et al*. also showed similar case report of association of aldosterone-producing adrenal adenoma in a patient with ADPKD in 1994.\[[@ref10]\] Until now, the mechanisms of aldosterone-induced renal cyst formation have not been elucidated. Hypokalemia has been shown to increase cyst formation in rat models;\[[@ref11]\] furthermore, as Torres *et al*.\[[@ref12]\] described, chronic hypokalemia in humans is accompanied by enhanced renal cytogenesis and may lead to interstitial scarring and renal insufficiency. Renal cysts also have been reported to develop in potassium-depleted human subjects in whom primary or secondary hyperaldosteronism was present. Although these studies do not prove causality, these interactions of PA and ADPKD warrant further investigation. After the treatment of PA, monitoring the change in cyst size/number may help explain the interaction between PA and ADPKD. In addition, further studies are necessary to determine if the progression of ADPKD is modified or reversed by the treatment of PA. Financial support and sponsorship {#sec2-1} --------------------------------- Nil. Conflicts of interest {#sec2-2} --------------------- There are no conflicts of interest.

; RUN: llc < %s -mtriple=thumbv7-apple-darwin9 -mcpu=cortex-a8 %struct.FILE = type { i8*, i32, i32, i16, i16, %struct.__sbuf, i32, i8*, i32 (i8*)*, i32 (i8*, i8*, i32)*, i64 (i8*, i64, i32)*, i32 (i8*, i8*, i32)*, %struct.__sbuf, %struct.__sFILEX*, i32, [3 x i8], [1 x i8], %struct.__sbuf, i32, i64 } %struct.__sFILEX = type opaque %struct.__sbuf = type { i8*, i32 } declare i32 @fgetc(%struct.FILE* nocapture) nounwind define i32 @main(i32 %argc, i8** nocapture %argv) nounwind { entry: br i1 undef, label %bb, label %bb1 bb: ; preds = %entry unreachable bb1: ; preds = %entry br i1 undef, label %bb.i1, label %bb1.i2 bb.i1: ; preds = %bb1 unreachable bb1.i2: ; preds = %bb1 %0 = call i32 @fgetc(%struct.FILE* undef) nounwind ; <i32> [#uses=0] br i1 undef, label %bb2.i3, label %bb3.i4 bb2.i3: ; preds = %bb1.i2 br i1 undef, label %bb4.i, label %bb3.i4 bb3.i4: ; preds = %bb2.i3, %bb1.i2 unreachable bb4.i: ; preds = %bb2.i3 br i1 undef, label %bb5.i, label %get_image.exit bb5.i: ; preds = %bb4.i unreachable get_image.exit: ; preds = %bb4.i br i1 undef, label %bb28, label %bb27 bb27: ; preds = %get_image.exit br label %bb.i bb.i: ; preds = %bb.i, %bb27 %1 = fptrunc double undef to float ; <float> [#uses=1] %2 = fptoui float %1 to i8 ; <i8> [#uses=1] store i8 %2, i8* undef, align 1 br label %bb.i bb28: ; preds = %get_image.exit unreachable }

Q: ClassNotFoundException when using androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView I'm trying to transition from using a FrameLayout to using FragmentContainerView and from the tutorials I've seen, it should be pretty easy. However, when I run my app after making the change, I get Error inflating class androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView my layout file is pretty simple: <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_width="match_parent" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" tools:showIn="@layout/app_bar_main"> <androidx.fragment.app.FragmentContainerView android:id="@+id/fragment_layout" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"/> </LinearLayout> Do I need to add something into by build.gradle or something? Why can't it find the class? A: That's in androidx.fragment 1.2.0 or higher: implementation "androidx.fragment:fragment:1.2.0"

Spicy Kecap Manis - marinade, dip, stir-fry A delicious taste of south-east Asia, Spicy Kecap Manis. It is a deliciously sweet and spicy soy sauce made with fresh ingredients suitable for meat eaters and vegans. Use as a marinade, a stir fry sauce, dressing or dip for meat, fish and tofu. Saucepan sells hot sauces and marinades made in their kitchen in North London. Their first sauce of the range is stocked across the UK, in Belgium and Nigeria. All saccess are vegan and versatile. They go well with meat, fish and tofu and can be used as a marinade, stir fry sauce, Asian dressing or hot sauce.

"Commander." "We're getting a reading." " Eagle 1 in orbit and holding." " Twenty seconds visual contact." "We have linkup with on-board computer." " Fifteen seconds to visual contact." " Eagle 1 holding." "Eagle 1 breaking orbit now." "Punch in long-range cameras." " Vital signs normal." " Alpha to Eagle 1. do you copy?" " Alpha to Eagle 1. do you copy?" " Keep trying." "Paul." "Eagle 1. are you receiving?" "Come in." "Eagle 1." "Preliminary results from on-board computer coming through." "Good." "Terra Nova." "New Earth." "Mm." "Just what we're looking for. isn't it?" "'Resources to sustain human life... unlimited.'" " Looks good." " Mm-hmm." "'Eagle 1 to Alpha." "You won't believe it but I think we made it this time.'" "I've seen rivers and trees." "Lakes. mountains. valleys..." "It's just like Earth!" " 'Any intelligent life?" "'" " That's it..." "'The planet seems empty." "It's just waiting for us.'" "No!" "Eagle 1. this is Alpha." "Do you copy?" "Are you receiving me?" "Come in." "Eagle 1." "Contact lost." "Commander." " Vital life signs?" " Not registering." "Eagle 1. this is Alpha." "Do you copy?" "Are you receiving me?" "Eagle 1. come in." "Commander. flight pattern shows Eagle 1 on course and closing." " Systems functioning." " Vital signs normal." "Emergency touchdown procedure." "Yellow alert." "Eagle 1 on final approach." " Flight pattern?" " Normal." "Still on automatic." "Emergency red." "Set?" " They're alive." " John!" "I thought this was only a two-man crew." "It was." "What is it?" "It's my husband." "You're absolutely certain it's him?" "Yes." "It doesn't make any sense." "No. it doesn't make any sense." "But John." "I know my own husband." "He's been dead five years." "Yes. he has. he's been presumed dead." "We'll be in Dr Russell's quarters." "If there's any change. let us know." "Yes." "Commander." "Wasn't he on the Astro 7 mission?" "The Astro 7. yes." "The mission failed." "What?" "They got locked in orbit around Jupiter." "Something like that." "They lost contact." "As I remember. it was radiation." "The ship burned up." "I" " I don't know. they just lost contact around Jupiter." "Helena. we're billions of miles from Jupiter." "John. we may be billions of miles from Jupiter. but Lee is here." "He is here." "Many things have happened since we broke away from our solar system." "Unexplainable things." "But this time." "We might get some answers." " If he is..." " 'Dr Russell.'" " Yes?" " 'Something strange." "'Could you come to the care unit straight away?" "'" "Yes." " Checked the equipment?" " Yes." "It's functioning perfectly but it's still not recording his vital signs." " How is he?" " Normal." "Then why aren't the instruments recording?" "I don't know." "Let's find out." "Kano. what does the computer have on Russell?" "Checks out." "It's him." "Commander." "Ah. just a minute." "John..." "The only information we have on Russell comes from his wife's file." "Now. that's too limited." "Analysis of the data does suggest that the planet is just right for us." "Commander. the accident to the probe pilot puts phase two behind schedule." "Paul. how much time do we have for phase two?" " Twenty hours." " Phase three?" "A total evacuation of Moonbase Alpha will take 48 hours." "Kano. if we cut phase two in half." "How will that leave us?" "We could do it sir. but only just." "We'll postpone phase two by 10 hours to give us time to check out Russell." "People are wondering why phase two is not taking place now." "Captain." "I'm not gonna jump the gun on this." "I'm not going to endanger the lives of any more pilots." "Sir. it can't be Russell." "It just can't be!" "I repeat. until we know what's going on. we do not go down on that planet." "Lee?" "Lee. can you hear me?" "Uh. are..." "Are... you..." "Helena?" "Yes. it's me." "Lee." "What... is this... place?" "Lee. you're in a hospital room." "We're on Moonbase Alpha." "Helena." "I came... to... you." "I came... because..." "Victor. what do you think of it?" "I don't know." " But I'll have a guess." " What?" "Our instruments are designed to respond to human biological stimuli as we know them." "But assuming Russell was on Terra Nova for five years." "Then perhaps some aspect of that planet's environment caused him to adapt in some way which our instruments can't record." "Victor. that's good. but it doesn't answer my immediate questions." "How did he get onto that Eagle?" "Did he have any affect on our pilots?" "Can he be of help to us?" "What does he know about that planet?" "You want me to bring him out of it with metrazene?" "I must talk to him." "There are things about his condition that we don't understand." "Can it wait?" " Wait?" " A little longer. at least." "In three days. we'll be out of range." "Every hour that passes lessens our chance of finding a decent home." "There are 300 lives." "Helena." "Can you or I deny them that chance?" "All right." "That's the maximum. sir." "I can't give him any more." "I'm Commander Koenig." "I've got to speak to you." "Helena." "It's all right." "Lee." "I'm right here." "Commander Koenig is a friend." "He's going to ask you some questions." "I must speak... to Helena." "It's important to all of us." "How did you get on that planet?" "Planet..." "What's there?" "Think." "Try to remember." "Helena... called me." "The planet. is it safe?" "Only..." "Helena..." "It hasn't worked." "Helena. you try." "I'm sorry." "John." "He's got to rest." "All right. but you stay with him." "Lee?" "This place." "Helena." "Tell me." "Tell you what?" "This place..." "Where is it?" "We're on Moonbase Alpha." "Lee." "There was an accident." "The moon was blown out of Earth's orbit." "What do you want?" "We think we've found what we want." "A new world. someplace to live." "Your planet." "We're going to colonise it." "We could be together." "Kano. what's the latest time prediction on phase two?" "Hasn't changed." "We've peaked your optimum take-off time." "In two hours we must abandon phase two." " You said we had an emergency" " Did I?" "I must have been mistaken." "Sandra. no bad news for me yet?" "Nothing." "Almost too good to be true." "That's nice." "Oh." "Commander." "We are going down. aren't we?" "What's going to stop us?" "'Commander. could you come to Dr Russell's quarters. please?" "'" "Yes." "What happened?" "I found her on the floor of the care unit." " You all right?" " Oh." "I'm fine." "I've checked her over." "There's no damage." "Thank you." "Doctor." "I must have passed out." "Helena. it's not like you to just pass out." "Now. what's wrong?" "I don't know." "Lee and I were talking..." "What?" "He talked?" " Yes. a little." " What did he say?" "Not much." "It was just before I fainted." "Did he talk about the planet?" "I don't remember." "No." "I'm sure he didn't." "I would remember." "Helena. you're sure." "Really sure he's your husband?" "Yes." "I'm sure of that." "It just doesn't make sense." "I mean..." "How do you feel?" "Just a little tired. that's all." "John. we are going down there." "Aren't we?" "When we're sure it's safe to do so." "These are some thermographic scans I did of Lee Russell." "Normally. they'd have been passed to Helena for analysis." "But Mathias was worried that they might upset her." "You'll see why in a moment." "Now. as you know. these plates respond to body heat." "There you are." "Lee Russell." "And from this." "He seems to be perfectly normal." "You can see the areas of body heat - brain. vital organs." "And the cold areas. yellows." "All just as it should be." "Oh. that hand at the bottom of the picture. that's Helena's." "But now. look at this." "I don't get it." "Victor." " It's not a living being." " Exactly. nothing there." "No body heat. no reds at all." "Just yellow." "And yet. when this scan was taken. he was breathing. his heart was beating." "And now. look at this." "See. normal again." "Is Lee Russell dead or alive?" "I don't know." "According to that picture. he's alive." "And that one says he'd dead." "Take your choice." "Course. this may be a symptom of his adaptation to living on that planet." "I don't go for that." "Victor." "He was on that planet five years." "It takes billions of years for a human being to adapt that radically." "So we've always thought. on Earth." "But we're a long way from home." "We'll have to start thinking differently if we're to come to terms with space." "Victor. where was Helena for the second scan?" "Not in the care unit." "So she's with him for the first and the last scan." "And they're normal." "Then she leaves him..." "and this happens." "That's right." "Very strange. isn't it?" "Whatever life force sustains him." "He's drawing it from some outside source." "From Helena." "Helena..." "Mr Russell. please." "You should be in bed." "I... want..." "Helena." " You're not well." " I want Helena!" " Yes. in a moment." " No!" "Lee Russell." "Stop him!" "Lee!" "Lee. it's all right." "It's time we talked." "Take him to my office." "Lee. try to help us." "Help us to understand." "Helena. stay away from him." " But why?" " Stay away." "I know why you brought me here." " Good." " Then will you help us?" "That's why I'm here." "To help you." " Where's Helena?" " It's best not to see her." "What are you doing on Alpha?" "I... had to come." "Where did you come from." "Mr Russell?" " The planet." " How did you get there?" " That's not important." " How?" "Commander." "I don't know how I got there. how long I've been there." " How'd you board our ship?" " You're wasting time." "Then help us." "Mr Russell." "Tell us what you know." "I... know... you're in danger. all of you." " From what?" " Is the planet inhabited?" "No." "Yes." "Not in the way you think." "You must not go near that planet." "Mr Russell. we're marooned." " We can't survive indefinitely." " You cannot go down there." "That's our decision to make." "You face power beyond your understanding." "It will destroy you." "What is this power. this danger?" "Your... opposite." "It will annihilate you." "Our calculations show that planet is perfectly suitable for human life." "You... don't believe... do you?" "What can we believe?" "You appear. and we don't know how." "You seem to be human. but are you?" "You'll... go... to that planet whatever I say." "Isn't that so?" "Helena." "Mathias." "He's dead." "Victor. we're running out of time." "At least wait till we find out why Russell died." "'Commander Koenig." "'Essential we have flight coordinates for phase two probe.'" "Not yet available." "Stay on standby." " 'We're cutting it very fine. sir.'" " I know how fine." "Kano. thank you!" "Victor. we've gotta go." "We've gotta find out about Russell." "For the sake of the mission." "We must wait." "Mathias'll rush the autopsy." "But I'm not waiting for the results." "I'm starting phase two." " OK. but let me have an hour." " For what?" "To run some skin tests on Russell." " Well. all right." " John..." "Has Helena been told?" "She knows." " 'Helena.'" " Come in." "Helena." "I..." "I've already said it all to myself." "John." "I don't blame anyone." "My interrogation could have something to do with it." "Could have." "We simply don't know." "The autopsy should give us some of the answers." "As a doctor. of course." "I'm interested." "As Lee's wife." "I'd rather forget." "The first time I lost Lee." "I thought I'd never survive it." "Now that it's happened again." "I'm just numb." "I guess I never really had him back." "I'm all right." "Reconnaissance section reports Eagle 2 on standby. equipment checked." "Planetary data programmed into on-board computer." " Fine." "Kano?" " Yes." " Have you made a new flight plan?" " We must leave in 30 minutes." "Though it will cut our surface operating time to zero minimum." "We need a definite time for phase two launch." "Commander." "John..." "Victor." "I've made my decision." "This is about Lee Russell." " Lee Russell is dead." " The skin tests..." "Whatever he was. wherever he came from doesn't matter." "His influence on us has gone." "Don't you agree?" "In that sense I'd have to." "But please. listen." "But nothing stops us from going?" "John. just hear me out." "I put the skin data through the particle analyser." "Now. his skin structure was normal while he was alive." "But since his death. the atomic structure of his body is changing." "There are signs of reversed polarity." "And it's becoming more pronounced." "More complete." "Reversed polarity?" "That's just speculation." "Yes. but reversed polarity is the first step towards anti-matter." "As soon as that process is complete." "It means annihilation." " It's just a theory." " Yes. a theory so far." "But if..." "Sorry. it's not enough." "That's your decision." "Yes. it is." " Alan." " Sir?" "Phase two Eagle lift-off. 15 minutes." "Right." "Commander." "Paul. activate Operation Exodus." "Maximum alert." "If phase two works." "I want evacuation in minutes." "They'll be ready." "Yes. we're going down to Terra Nova." "Now. we don't know what we'll find there." "There's an awful lot about the planet we don't understand." "At best. it's a calculated risk." "But there's a chance." "A chance to find a place to live." "To raise families. to start again." "Now. the landing party." "Many of you qualify." "But this is my choice." "Captain Carter. we need a pilot." "Paul Morrow." "Analyst Sandra Benes." "Dr Russell. will you come?" "Yes." "The landing party is under my command." "We will rendezvous at assembly point three at 13:25 lunar time." "Thank you." "Victor." "Victor." "I'd like you to stay back here." "For any reason." "If things don't go too well." "I'd like you to take over my command." "All right." "Good luck." "John." "All pre-flight checks complete." "Countdown continuing." "20 seconds to take-off." "'John. something very serious.'" " Eighteen seconds." " 'The autopsy on Lee Russell.'" " What's happened?" " Sixteen seconds." " 'His body's vanished.'" " Vanished?" " 'John. abort the mission.'" " On what grounds?" " 'Lee Russell's warning.'" " Seven seconds." "'Anti-matter - the risks are tremendous." "Five seconds." "What do we do." "Commander?" "'John. please." "Reconsider.'" "Sorry." "Victor. we'll just have to face those risks." "All right." "Captain. lift off." " It looks good." " Mm-hmm." "Yes. it looks good." "The computer agrees." "Atmosphere 22 parts oxygen." "71 parts nitrogen." "Outside temperature 23 degrees." "Gravity similar to Earth." "Please don't approach animal life." "No matter how harmless it appears." "Don't eat any vegetation without carrying out the appropriate tests." "Paul. you and Sandra cover this hilly area to the right." "Helena and I will take this wooded area to the left." "Carter. you stay on the ship." "Leave it under no circumstances." "The rest of us will rendezvous here at 18:00 hours." "If we're not back." "It means we're in trouble." "Right." "As long as you keep your locator beams on. we'll find you." "Well. here we go." " The breeze." " The flowers." " Hey." "Commander." "Good luck." " Thank you." "Carter." "Commander..." "Water?" "Let's find out." " No impurities." " Data readout normal so far." "'Have a drink on me." "John.'" " Will you join me?" " I'd be delighted." "'Clear. fresh water.'" "Edible!" "'Sorry. that's it." "We'll call you back in ten minutes.'" "All right." "I haven't enjoyed a picture that much for a long time." "Main Mission standing by." "Paul. how are you doing?" "'We're fine." "No dangerous elements so far.'" "OK." "Paul. keep in touch." " Come in." "Alpha." " 'John. we've got trouble." "'Atmosphere seals are weakening.'" " All the seals?" " 'All of them." "'Including the plastics on your Eagle." "'Get Carter to check it out.'" "Carter?" " 'Yes. sir.'" " What's your situation?" "'Well. the insulation's beginning to act up a bit." "'Doesn't seem serious.'" "Maybe not. but I'm recalling the landing party." " Get ready for lift-off." " 'Yes.'" "Helena. we're going back to the Eagle." "What's wrong?" " Paul?" " 'Yes. sir?" "'" " You two get to the Eagle." " 'But. sir.'" " Do as I say." " 'Yes. sir.'" "'It's worse than we thought." "John." "The plastic seals are melting." "'Atmosphere screens are burning up.'" " We could use another Eagle." " 'Difficult." "Can't vouch for them.'" "Carter." "'Commander?" "I got smoke pouring from the instrument panels." "'All the seals on the ship are melting.'" "Punch in on-board camera." "Carter. get out of there!" "'I can't get out!" "All the systems have failed!" "'" "Carter!" "We're on our way." "Let's go." "Paul." "Sandra. quickly!" "Sandra!" "His laser exploded." "Let's get rid of it." "Easy." "Easy." "Paul." "He's dead." "Come on. come on." "Here we go." "OK. it's all right." "It's OK." "I cannot see." "Helena. you stay with her." "I'm blind!" "Come in." "Alpha. this is Koenig." "Moonbase Alpha. come in." "Alpha!" "'The situation is deteriorating... '..have gone in various areas... '..evacuated..." "'We have many unaccountable technical troubles...'" "John!" "John!" "Hold on!" "Helena!" "Helena. where's Sandra?" "Are you all right?" "Where's Sandra?" "Sandra!" " Sandra!" " Sandra!" "Sandra!" "Helena." "We..." "We almost made it." "You... and I." "Helena." "Helena." "Lee." "You?" "I tried to stop you coming here." "Help me. please." "Lee." "How is this possible?" "The Astro 7 mission." "You remember?" "We were drawn into close orbit around Jupiter." "Our heat shields burned up." "We were affected by an unknown form of radiation." "I suppose." "It transformed us." "Scattered us into deep space." "And I became... what I am now." "Ended up here. on this planet." "But you died." "No. nobody dies." "Matter never dies." "It only changes its form." "There are many forms of life in space and many forms of death. too." "I'm... the image and mirror." "The opposite of myself." "Anti-matter?" "If you like." "But I couldn't survive in your world." "And you can't survive in mine." "That's why you must leave. now." "You've seen what can happen here." "It will get worse. much worse!" " You must leave. now." " How?" "I'll give you the strength." "See what you want to see." "We cannot stay here." "John." "'Paul and Sandra are waiting in the Eagle. as instructed.'" "Stand by." "'Fifteen minutes to lift-off." "John." "'Operation Exodus ready when you give the word.'" "Cancel Operation Exodus." "Commander. you know those feasibility programs we've been running?" "Yes?" "What about them?" "Our present trajectory will take us past about ten million planets." "It means we should pass near to 3.600 Earth-type planets." "Statistically. that's ten Earth-type planets for everyone on Alpha." "And how much older will you be by the time we reach the first?" "Not very much." "Relatively speaking. that is." "More to the point. how much older will you be when we reach the last?" "2.543 years old. to be exact. sir." " Just thought you'd like to know." " Thank you." "Kano."

Motorsport Network buys shares in Formula E Motorsport Network have announced that they have acquired a shareholding in the Formula E Championship. The motorsport digital technology business, who own Motorsport.com and Autosport among several other outlets, said that they had purchased an unspecified number of shares in Formula E Holdings Limited, the commercial rights holder for Formula E. The company said that it was part of a broader strategy to take a leading position in elective vehicle and electric racing media. Making the announcement ahead of the first virtual Formula E race in Las Vegas, Motorsport.com’s Chairman Zak Brown said that the purchase was made following a growth in engagement in the series through their motorsport publications. “The intelligence we can add to this picture is a discernible trend among our digital motorsport audiences to consume the racing content from Formula E. “This has underwritten our decision to invest in the series.” Motorsport Network said that the investment would also coincide with a push on their automotive website Motor1.com to have more content focused on electric vehicles. This again, according to their Editor-in-Chief John Neff, was based on increased interest from their readership in green automotive developments. Speaking about the purchase, founder and CEO of Formula E, Alejandro Agag said that the decision was made due to the growth of interest in the sport. He said, “The investment decision made by Motorsport Network has been evidence-based – a data-led decision driven by the growth in demand for Formula E content on the world’s leading motorsport websites. “This is the fusion of two future-focused businesses that are re-shaping motor racing for the digital generation that will bring the benefit of the most integrated and extensive motoring and motorsport media operation to our series.”

1. Field of the Invention The invention generally relates to the use of Mobile Internet Protocol (“IP”) systems, methods and protocols in PCS systems and, more particularly, to a method for distributing and conditioning traffic for mobile networks based on differentiated services. 2. Description of the Related Art FIG. 1 is an illustration of a network configured to support Differentiated Services. In such a network, Differentiated Services (DS) or Diff-serv (IETF RFC 2475) is predicated on the concept of classifying data packets, maintaining customer states at the edge of a network and permitting routers at the core of the network to handle aggregates of IP traffic. IP Version 4 (IPv4) is an Internet Protocol (IP) implementation standard which is in widespread use for transport and control of data and/or voice traffic which is transmitted over wireless and/or wired networks. In IPv4, Diff-Serv utilizes an eight bit type of service (TOS) field in the IP header of transmitted data packets. In operation, the TOS field (i.e., the DS byte) is set by Diff-Serv capable network interface cards, routers and switches, and is used to differentiate between traffic flow which belongs to different service classes. Diff-Serv operates at network layer (or layer 3). If each network utilizes IP as a common network layer protocol, the data packet scheme and quality of Service (QoS) parameters operate across different networks. DiffServ QoS specifications are recognizable by routers and switches, or any device which may read the IP header and DS byte. The DS byte contains a DS code point, and a tag which specifies the forwarding Per-Hop Behavior (PHB) for the DS byte. PHB is the forwarding treatment which is applied to a specific class of traffic, based on criteria defined in the Diff-Serv field. Routers and switches use PHBs to determine priorities for servicing various traffic flows. In this case, a PHB might specify routing precedence, or it may include other performance characteristics, such as query servicing or management policy. When data packets enter the network, they pass through a Diff-Serv boundary node (i.e., an edge router or edge node), and then pass through a Diff-Serv core node (i.e., a core router). If the data packets are unclassified, the edge router handles and assigns each packet to a “behavior aggregate”. Here, a behavior aggregate is a collection of packets having the same DSCPs (DS code points, i.e., header values) which are members of the same DSCP group and cross a link in a particular direction, where the DSCP group is a set of related DSCPs which select the same PHB group. Behavior aggregates are each associated with a specific PHB, and are thus subject to parameters described in a Traffic Conditioning Agreement (TCA) between their Diff-Serv domain and a customer access network, or to the peer domain to which they are connected. In addition, the edge router performs important conditioning functions to maintain each PHB such that it is “in profile” with the TCA, such as (i) metering (i.e., measuring the rate of flow of each traffic stream); (ii) marking/re-marking (i.e., resetting the Diff-Serv code point to downgrade any excess traffic); (iii) shaping (i.e., delaying data packets within a traffic stream to maintain conformity of the data flow with the traffic profile); and policing (i.e., discarding packets within a traffic stream such that the correct traffic profile is enforced). When Diff-Serv is implemented in a wired network, the location of a user is easily obtained. As a result, it is easy to locate the edge/border routers that are needed to condition the traffic for a specific user. In wireless networks, however, users may freely roam anywhere throughout the network. Hence, all edge routers are potentially required to know the QoS profile of all users which are in the domain and those which may roam into the domain. Typically, it is not feasible to permit each edge/border router to maintain a database which includes all potential mobile users in the world. One straightforward solution to this is to permit all edge/border routers in the domain to maintain QoS profiles for only those users currently within the domain. In this case, the databases are updated when a user enters and leaves the domain. Although this reduces the number of users that an edge/border router must maintain, it is inefficient to maintain identical copies of a potentially large database in all edge/border routers which are located in the same domain. In addition, once a mobile station moves into or out of a domain, or a user changes its Service Level Specification/Service Level agreement (SLS/SLA), the same transactions for updating the database must be performed for all edge/border routers. Further, a mobile station usually possesses multiple addressees, such as a home address and a “Care-of-Address” (COA). In some mobility management schemes, the COA may also comprise multiple addresses which are different, such as a global COA (GCOA) and a local COA (LCOA). Due to security reasons and other concerns, a router should not change the IP address(es) in an IP packet. This is true even though the router may know the address(es) in an IP header and/or payload. Of note, only the top header in the IP packet is visible to the router if IP Security Packet with Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) (RFC 2406)), i.e., IPSec, is employed. That is, the router may only see the COA (or one of the COAs) when the mobile station roams. Therefore, in addition to updating the database when the mobile station moves into or out of the domain, an update is also required when a mobile station requires a new IP address. The mobile station will use this new address to send network traffic, i.e., IP packets. Depending on the mobility management scheme employed, a corresponding host may use the old or new IP address to communicate with the mobile station. In many cases, an edge/border router must possess the new IP address to condition the traffic at the edge of the DS domain. If the QoS profiles of all users are maintained in the edge/border routers, an update of the database in all edge/border routers often becomes necessary each time a mobile station moves into a new IP subnet. However, at any given time, only a few edge/border routers require possession of the new IP address. Hence, it is apparent that there is a vast amount of unnecessary broadcast traffic and database transactions. Generally, if the number of users and the number of edge/border routers within a domain is small, then the edge/border routers can maintain the same database for all users which are currently in the domain. Here, if a change in the address of the QoS profile or the arrival/departure of a user occurs, all databases are updated concurrently. As stated previously, on the other hand, it is inefficient to maintain the same database for all users in all edge/border routers. This is particularly true if the domain comprises many users and edge/border routers. This amounts to a waste of storage space, in that the same databases, consisting of all users in the domain, are maintained in all edge/border routers. This also causes unnecessary broadcast traffic and database transactions in all edge/border routers each time a mobile station moves to a new subnet or changes its service level specification or service level agreement (SLS/SLA). In addition, the mobile station is required to negotiate with the network of a conventional system each time a move to a new radio access network occurs, causing a long handoff period without service and increasing load (bandwidth) on the access network. Moreover, the mobile station is not permitted to obtain any service if the radio access network to which the mobile station moves is overloaded.

Dean delivers as Kings dig deep to battle past Welwyn Garden City Welwyn Garden City’s 11-game unbeaten league run was halted at Kings Langley as the home side took the points courtesy of a superb Dean Hitchcock strike. Langley skipper Gary Connolly and Connor Toomey both failed pre-match fitness tests, but Kings saw Lewis Pritchard go close before the deadlock was broken with 12 minutes on the clock. Tom Carter jinked across the city defence and delivered the ball to Hitchcock, who unleashed a shot from fully 40 yards out past the transfixed Joe Croft and into the far corner of the net. Pritchard looked certain to double the Kings advantage after 35 minutes, but Carl Costain did well to deflect the ball off the line. It was early second half before Welwyn’s 22-goal hit-man Jason Caswell was given his first sight of the target as Craig Preston – making his 200th Langley appearance – marshalled his troops well. Kings forward Adam Hallissey was twice foiled by Joe Croft and, although Welwyn were enjoying some good spells of possession, they still made little impression on the defence of Preston, Hitchcock and Callum Adebiyi. The last five minutes did see Langley hearts beating faster as Welwyn’s Sam Perrin missed a header at the far post and a huge clearance upfield bounced over keeper Ant Ladyman and fortuitously over the bar. But Kings held on to register an important win that highlighted their character and strength in depth. The victory keeps Kings in fourth place in SSML Division One, and next up for Langley is a trip to Kentish Town for a league fixture on Saturday afternoon.

Additional Links 1 in 4 Asia-Pacific Men Admits to Rape: Survey TUESDAY, Sept. 10 (HealthDay News) -- One in four men in the Asia Pacific region admits he's committed at least one rape, new research finds. The survey of about 10,000 men in six countries found that 11 percent said they'd raped a woman who was not their partner. The number who admitted to rape rose to 24 percent when partners were included. Of the men who admitted to rape, 45 percent said they had raped more than one woman. "In view of the high prevalence of rape worldwide, our findings clearly show that prevention strategies need to show increased focus on the structural and social risk factors for rape," said Professor Rachel Jewkes, of South Africa's Medical Research Council. "We now need to move toward a culture of preventing the perpetration of rape from ever occurring, rather than relying on prevention through responses," Jewkes said. Nearly 75 percent of the men who admitted to rape said they did so for reasons of sexual entitlement, 59 percent said they did it for entertainment and 38 percent said they did it to punish a woman. Fifty-eight percent of men who said they raped somebody who was not their partner committed their first rape as a teenager. The survey also revealed that 46 percent of the men said they'd committed some form of physical or sexual violence or abuse against their partner. The findings were in two papers published Sept. 10 in the journal The Lancet Global Health. The men in the survey were from both urban and rural areas and from different age groups. The survey did not, however, include men over 50. The countries included in the survey were Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Sri Lanka. Men with a history of victimization -- especially childhood sexual abuse and having been raped, or otherwise sexually coerced -- were more likely to have committed rape than those without such a past. A history of physical violence toward a partner, having paid for sex or having had a large number of sexual partners also were associated with an increased likelihood of having committed rape against a non-partner. Even though the findings are from just six countries in the Asia Pacific region, they're important on a larger scale, Jewkes said in a journal news release. "Our findings are of substantial global interest, partly because most of the world's population lives in this region, and partly because the countries we studied are very culturally diverse," Jewkes said. "Effective prevention of rape and gender violence clearly requires long-term strategies, including challenging of practices that are deeply rooted in cultural ideals of masculinity and gender hierarchy," she said. "There is still very little evidence-based research in this area, and further work is urgently needed to establish the most effective interventions, and to determine how we can develop effective national prevention programs." In an accompanying commentary, Dr. Michele Decker, of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, wrote: "Without effective reduction of male gender-based violence perpetration, women's health, well-being and safety will continue to suffer worldwide. The findings from this multi-country study provide policymakers with the evidence base and mandate to create meaningful and sustainable reforms." The challenge now, Decker added, is to transform evidence into action to provide a safer future for the next generation of women and girls.

SPRINGFIELD — Republican Gov. Bruce Rauner and the Democratic-controlled General Assembly may not have approved a full year’s budget in 2016, …

Poor SR over this distance; Down 200m in distance; Top jockey/trainer SR; Still a maiden; Suited by better draw; Never won on wet ground; Up in class; ; 273855 HARINGTON PORT 60kg Rat 21 Muzi Yeni BP9 Gavin Smith 8U; Not raced 39 days; Up in class on last start; Poor SR over this distance; Down 200m in distance; Unraced at this course; Jockey riding well; Still trying to break maiden status after 24 starts; Never won on wet ground; Up in class; ; 3x06x7 LUCKY DEAL 60kg Rat 17.5 C Storey BP3 D A Mckenzie Up 200m in distance; Jockey low strike rate; Still a maiden; Never won on wet ground; Up in class; ; 408790 JOHN IN FLIGHT 60kg Rat 5 Donald Bogaleboile BP2 E Kaknis Not sighted in recent starts; Up 600m in distance; Poor jockey/trainer SR; Still trying to break maiden status after 17 starts; Never won on wet ground; Up in class; ; 5354x6 LITTLE DRUMMER BOY 59kg Rat 18.5 J Penny BP7 T Spies Failed favourite last start; Unraced this distance; Up 200m in distance; Poor jockey/trainer SR; Still a maiden; Never won on wet ground; Up in class; ; 6x700x KISS ME TWICE 59kg Rat 9.5 Chase Maujean BP10 T J Laing Not sighted in recent starts; Not raced 66 days; Up in class on last start; Jockey low strike rate; Wide BP; Never won on wet ground; Up in class; ; 794709 SHEPHERD'S SKY 59kg Rat 14.5 Stallone Naidoo BP1 Grant Paddock Yet to win after 7 RFS; Not sighted in recent starts; Not raced 34 days; Suited by better draw; Never won on wet ground; Up in class; ; 8645 MASTER NEWTON 59kg Rat 17 Sandile Khathi BP5 Gavin Smith Up 200m in distance; Poor jockey/trainer SR; Never won on wet ground; Up in class; ; 936x07 WAHI 57kg Rat 16 J Mphanya BP8 Gavin Smith Running 3U; Poor SR over this distance; Up 200m in distance; Poor jockey/trainer SR; Still trying to break maiden status after 27 starts; Suited by better draw; Never won on wet ground; Up in class; ; Number of wins this campaign First up Second up Third up Beaten favourite last start Won at the course Won over course and distance Down in distance Up in distance Placed at this distance Won over the distance Favourite last start Group 1 winner Group 1 placegetter placed at Group level won at Group level Improver Jockey placed on horse previously Jockey won on horse previously Placed at Metropolitian track Won on Mentropolitan track Placed on wet track Won on wet track Down in Weight Up in weight Placed in the last year of racing Won in the last year of racing

Русский Россия Казахстан Армения Азербайджан Грузия Киргизия Таджикистан Крым Евразия How to Listen Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty broadcasts in 28 languages. Most of our programs are available on FM and medium-wave frequencies of local radio stations in the countries of our broadcast area. If you are having problems listening to programs on the internet, please read our technical help document. Related Articles The United Nations says at least 1,075 people were killed in Iraq between June 5 and June 22 -- most of them civilians -- as Sunni-led militants seized swaths of territory in Anbar Province and to the north of Baghdad. Rupert Colville, the spokesman for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said on June 24 that its tally of dead "should be viewed very much as a minimum." Colville said the UN's estimated toll included victims of bombings as well as the alleged massacres of civilians, police, and military recruits. The Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), an Al-Qaeda splinter group, claimed that it executed more than 1,700 Shi'ite military recruits after capturing the city of Mosul earlier in June. In Iraq's northern city of Irbil on June 24, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry was meeting with the president of Iraq's Kurdish autonomous region, Masud Barzani, in a bid to encourage the formation of a new, more inclusive Iraqi government. Kurds represent about 20 percent of Iraq's population and usually vote as a unified bloc. Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki, a Shi'a has been widely criticized for fueling sectarian tensions in Iraq by failing to give an adequate stake of power to Sunni and Kurdish representatives. Kerry said during his talks with Barzani and other Kurdish officials that "the government formation challenge is the central challenge" in Iraq. He also praised security cooperation by Kurdish forces, saying it had been "really critical in helping to draw a line with respect to ISIL and also to provide some support to the Iraqi security forces." Kerry, speaking at the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad's Green Zone, said U.S. support for Iraq "will be intense [and] sustained," but called for political unity. Militant Gains Meanwhile,ISIL militants and allied Sunni tribal militia fighters on June 24 were continuing battles aimed at consolidating control of territory they have seized recently in the western province of Anbar and to the north of Baghdad. Iraqi military officials are denying claims by ISIL that it fully captured the country's main oil refinery at Baiji near Mosul on June 24. The refinery has been surrounded by ISIL fighters and production has been cut during the siege, causing fuel shortages in the Kurdish region, Baghdad, and southern Iraq. Government forces say they carried out a series of air strikes on June 24 against militants who are besieging the refinery, claiming that dozens were killed. It was not immediately possible to verify those casualty claims. Government forces also say they repelled a militant assault early on June 24 aimed at capturing the strategically vital Haditha hydroelectric dam on the Euphrates River in Anbar Province. The Haditha dam is the largest hydroelectric contributor to Iraq's power system and also forms a large artificial lake, Lake Qadisiya, used to irrigate farm plots that produce a substantial amount of food.

This marks my fourth year of completing a March Madness bracket and every year I use the same guiding principle when determining my picks: which team has the hottest coach? That’s right, while others are looking for teams that have Cinderella potential, I’m looking for the Prince Charming of the NCAA. Evaluating the physical attractiveness of 64 head coaches is no easy task. Every year I’m reminded that Joe Dooley is basically Gollum and that the National Championship is his “precious,” how terrifying Rick Pitino is, and that John Brannen definitely chews his egg McMuffin with his mouth open and says things like, “Is the air dry in here? It seems very dry,” in a nasally voice. You can check out all my picks here, but I’ve detailed the most noteworthy matchups below. Now let’s play some ba(e)sketball! Round 1 #2 Duke – Mike Krzyzewski vs. #15 Troy – Phil Cunningham This matchup is meaningful because it was the first real upset I encountered on my bracket. It burned. I know that choosing Troy over Duke will likely result in the loss of the Red Lobster dinner bracket bet I made. But I’m not here for the perfect bracket, I’m here to find the most handsome coach. Let’s be real, Coach K looks like a villain from a Disney movie. But Phil Cunningham looks like the type to yell at his wife in public. (He probably doesn’t.) Winner: Phil Cunningham #5 Notre Dame – Mike Brey vs. #12 Princeton – Mitch Henderson Mike Brey looks like your rich jerk of an uncle who is mean to waitresses, but makes a show of buying drinks for everyone, so it’s whatever. Mitch Henderson seems like the quiet, intelligent and oh-so-adorable human who turns on some Ben Folds and delivers a glass of chardonnay to you on the couch and asks to hear about your long day. Plus, I’m partial to the name Mitch. Winner: Mitch Henderson #8 Miami – Jim Larrañaga vs. #9 Michigan State – Tom Izzo This matchup is a total crap shoot to be honest. No ladies are going gaga over Larrañaga, and if Coach K is a Disney villain, then Tom Izzo is definitely his boss – the mastermind behind the whole operation. However, Izzo does play one mean accordion. Until I see Jim Larrañaga play Don’t Stop Believin’ on an accordion, Izzo continues on. Winner: Tom Izzo #5 Iowa State – Steve Prohm vs. #12 Nevada – Eric Musselman Deciding between these two was about as hard as Eric “Muscle Man’s” abs. My distress stemmed from the initial thought that Musselman resembled Fitzgerald Grant, but as an ISU alum, it would pain me to see Iowa State disappear from my bracket so quickly. Prohm is no Fred Hoiberg in the dreamy hunk category, but love is blind. Iowa State moves to Round Two. Winner: Steve Prohm #5 Minnesota – Richard Pitino vs. #12 Mid Tennessee State – Kermit Davis Usually the younger coach is the hotter coach, but that’s not the case here. It did not slip my mind that 34-year-old Richard Pitino is the son of the notorious Rick Pitino. How could it? They are the first father-son duo to coach teams in this year’s NCAA Tournament. How cute. The past of Richard’s father may have clouded my judgement, but not entirely. Even if I had amnesia, one look at Richard reminds me of the type of dude at a college basement party who fills an empty Grey Goose bottle with Hawkeye and encourages you to take a pull. Kermit, on the other hand, resembles your best friend’s dad. Back in middle school you used to call your BFF’s landline, and Kermit would pick up and talk to you a bit, ask how your grades were and how your older brother was doing at college before handing the phone over. Not hot, but full of dad jokes and very kind. Winner: Kermit Davis Round 2 #5 Virginia – Tony Bennett vs. #4 Florida – Mike White My boy Tony Bennett returns to the Big Dance once again after last year’s big win in my Hot Coaches bracket. He faces tough competition in Round Two up against cutie Mike White. Mike White reminds me of the Seth Meyers of the basketball world. Not dramatic or rambunctious, but has one-liners that make you think for a second, but then has you weak in the knees with laughter. However, if you were in a meeting with a guy like Tony Bennett, you’d instinctively look at the ring finger of his left hand. Just saying. See ya in the Sweet Sixteen, Tony. Winner: Tony Bennett #6 Southern Methodist University – Tim Jankovich vs. #14 New Mexico State – Paul Weir Do you know what I respect? Hair. And Tim Jankovich has lots of it. But Paul Weir pulled off a big upset against 3-seed Baylor in the first round and is ready to rock, plaid blazer and all. However, Jankovich reminds me of Jon Hamm and Jon Hamm creeps me out (don’t ask me – I don’t know why) so woo hoo – Weir moves on. Winner: Paul Weir #16 South Dakota State – T.J. Otzelberger vs. #9 Vanderbilt – Bryce Drew First off – shout out to Otz on his big upset against #1 Gonzaga in Round One. I’ve been crushing on Otzelberger since his Iowa State days when he and Hoiberg made one dreamy duo. Man, that smile. I’m also familiar with Bryce Drew. He’s made it far in Hot Coaches brackets of the past when he was with Valparaiso. Man, those eyes. Bryce Drew is the John Mayer type: way too complicated and doesn’t return your calls because he got lost in his own thoughts. But you keep calling. Winner: Bryce Drew #10 VCU – Will Wade vs. #2 Arizona – Sean Miller Imagine walking down your high school hallway. “Wade 4 Prez” posters plaster the walls. “Hey Jake – good game last night!” “Is your hair different, Lindsey? I really like it!” “Mrs. Applegate, those cookies today at lunch were top notch!” Will Wade was totally class president and knew everyone, everyone, by name. A little bit of a brown-noser? Yeah. Know-it-all? Sure. But he’s promising that if you vote for him, he’ll get make sure that they offer ranch dressing as a condiment at lunch again. You can’t help but love him. Sean Miller is the ex frat boy who put on a little weight thanks to Natty Light. He definitely doesn’t notice your new haircut but could could somehow relate your work story to something totally “sick” his Beta bros did back in the day. (It’s not relatable and he graduated 15 years ago.) He throws a hissy fit, demanding that mushrooms be on half of the pizza you ordered for dinner that night, then eats slices from your half anyway. You don’t like mushrooms. Winner: Will Wade #1 North Carolina – Roy Williams vs. #8 Arkansas – Mike Anderson If men are like wine and truly get better with age, Roy Williams is the spokesperson for that analogy. Look at that grin. You could find him during the off season at a beachside bar in Florida after a full day of golf, wearing pastels. He’d ask where you’re from, “sweetheart.” And then order a “virgin strawberry daiquiri for the young lady over here, please.” He has a charming old man wink and tips the bartender well. But the charm isn’t enough to let Grandpa get too far in the tournament. Plus, have you seen Mike Anderson’s smile? Winner: Mike Anderson The Sweet Sixteen #1 Villanova – Jay Wright vs. #5 Virginia – Tony Bennett Having these two dreamboats meet up in the Sweet Sixteen is a crime against humanity. These two gentlemen deserve to meet in the finals, if you ask me. If you were to look up “Silver Fox” in the dictionary, you would find an 8×11 photo of Jay Wright and all of his pinstriped goodness. However, I want Tony to be my hot date to the Big Dance. Winner: Tony Bennett #3 Oregon – Dana Altman vs. #10 Oklahoma State – Brad Underwood The tournament isn’t even over yet and it’s obvious that the hottest coaches represent the East and that the Midwest is lacking. While the East flaunts Jay and Tony, Dana Altman and Brad Underwood have somehow made it to the Sweet Sixteen. I don’t get it either. First off, Dana Altman – cool name, I like it a lot. However, Dana Altman resembles my dad, so it’s weird for me that he’s made it this far in the Hot Coaches Tournament. Fun fact: Brad Underwood has never smiled. Ever. On his fifth birthday he received a Red Ryder BB gun and still scowled. Another fun fact: He wears white rimmed Oakley sunglasses and is definitely wearing a Tapout shirt under that jacket. Winner: Dana Altman The Elite Eight #4 Butler – Chris Holtmann vs. #3 UCLA – Steve Alford Chris Holtmann could probably place any of these coaches in a pretty bomb half nelson. The dude looks like more of a wrestler than a basketball player and has definitely earned his spot in the Elite Eight. Steve Alford is a handsome man and could have made it to the finals had I not learned that he’s a total scumbag. That nice head of hair and youthful skin doesn’t make up for the lack of remorse or regret on how he handled that situation at Iowa. It turns out that no amount of attractiveness can compensate for an attempt to cover up a sexual assault. Buh bye, Aflord. Winner: Chris Holtmann #10 Marquette – Steve Wojciechowski vs. #5 Virginia – Tony Bennett This Elite Eight matchup once again proves all the hotties coach in the East region. Picking between these two smoke shows was about as complicated as Wojciechowski’s last name. Steve would never suggest putting mushrooms on a pizza, let alone eat from your half. However, he does seem like the type to end every text with either “:)” or “lol,” so he’s gonna have to take the L on this one. Winner: Tony Bennett The Final Four #5 Virginia – Tony Bennett vs. #12 Princeton – Mitch Henderson #5 Iowa State – Steve Prohm vs. #4 Butler – Chris Holtmann Words can’t describe the beauty of the Final Four. Pictures speak 1,000 words, so just soak it in. The well-fitting suits (minus Prohm, sorry), the smiles, the hair, the non-threatening eyebrows, the fact that they probably all know the difference between to/too/two. True beauty. I’d let any of them recruit me any day of the week. However, Tony Bennett and Chris Holtmann will be moving on to the National Hot Coaches Championship. And the champion is: This is Tony Bennett’s second year as the winner of the Hot Coaches Tournament – and no one deserves it more. This family man radiates confidence, calmness and class, truly depicting what it means to be the Prince Charming of the Big Dance. Like this: Like Loading...

Main Menu Older Faster Stronger Praise for Older Faster Stronger: “Where does the running life take you? In this compulsively readable and inspiring account of her own journey to get stronger, faster, and happier after 50, Margaret Webb throws herself headlong into adventure, taking us on marvelous runs with trailblazing pioneers of women’s running and deep into the science of how to live strong into our 80s and 90s. Older, Faster, Stronger is like that motivating running buddy you want by your side for the long run of your life.” KATHRINE SWITZER, first woman to officially run the Boston Marathon and author of Marathon Woman Older, Faster, Stronger: What Women Runners Can Teach Us All About Living Younger, Longer (Rodale Books, 2014) grew out of my midlife crisis. Forget the sports car, I wanted to achieve the seeming impossible: To enjoy the wisdom of a 50 year old but inside the body of a very fit 20 year old. So I set out on a quest to shake off my midlife malaise and get fitter after 50 than I was as a varsity athlete at university. My journey took me across North America to run with pioneers of the women’s running boom and uncover secrets as to how they manage to run well into their 70s, 80s and even 90s; to Africa to train with elite marathoners and reach back to the dawn of the human race to explore why women can live so strong and for so long; and, finally, to Europe where I tested myself in a race against some of the fittest 50 year olds on the planet. Along the way, I consulted with a team of experts, tapped the minds of leading researchers and delved into physiology and aging labs, all in my quest to understand how to live longer, younger and enter a glorious second act to my life.

Q: How to check if a Chinese character is simplified or traditional in Python 3? I'm wondering is there any method to check a Chinese character is simplified Chinese or traditional Chinese in Python 3? A: cjklib does not support Python 3. In Python 3, you can use hanzidentifier. import hanzidentifier print(hanzidentifier.has_chinese('Hello my name is John.')) 》 False print(hanzidentifier.has_chinese('Country in Simplified: 国家. Country in Traditional: 國家.')) 》 True print(hanzidentifier.is_simplified('John说：你好！')) 》 True print(hanzidentifier.is_traditional('John說：你好！')) 》 True

Q: Why is TestServer not able to find controllers when controller is in separate assembly for asp.net core app? For some reason, when ASP.NET core controllers are created in separate assembly, the TestServer is not able to find controller actions when the client makes a request.(results in 404 response) Why is this? How can I work around it? Here are steps to reproduce. Create new ASP.NET Core WebAPI using .NET core Create integration tests in separate project and configure the test to use TestServer() client and get tests to work successfully. Now, separate the controller into its own shared library and refactor project created in step 1 to use this shared library instead. Re-run test which contains the TestServer() class. You'll notice now it fails. See the follwing link for creating the integration tests. Integration testing w/ ASP.NET Core A: Actually I found a solution for now, see diff below: It sounds like this may be bug of TestServer() class and how it is hosting the application during the test run. Here is the line of code in case you cannot read above in image .AddApplicationPart(Assembly.Load(new AssemblyName("WebApiToReproduceBug.Controllers"))); A: In addition to joey answer: There is no need to call Assembly.Load() to resolve this bug. You can use the code below. ServiceHookController is class from a separate project. public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddMvc() .AddApplicationPart(typeof(ServiceHookController).Assembly); } A: For those of you experiencing this during a migration to netcoreapp3.0, I found the above answers work, but you can do this more cleanly by changing the reference in your .csproj file itself perhaps. In my case I changed the first XML line <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk"> to <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk.Web"> Credits to: https://github.com/aspnet/Mvc/issues/5992#issuecomment-395408983

# Drupal Console Extend Plugin Composer plugin to discover Drupal Console commands using a standard package/library. ### Install this project: ``` composer require drupal/console-extend-plugin ```

Congressional insiders leading multiple probes into alleged Russian meddling in the 2016 election openly worried Wednesday about their ability to investigate if the FBI seals up as a source of information in the wake of former director James B. Comey’s shocking dismissal. But they also warned the White House might have underestimated Washington’s ability to bounce back. “The head of the investigative snake was cut off but heads grow back quickly in Washington,” a senior congressional staffer told The Washington Times on condition of anonymity. Just over a week ago, Mr. Comey detailed his agency’s Russia investigation before a tense Senate Judiciary committee. On Tuesday, the White House fired him. A day later, Congress signaled the ongoing probes of Moscow’s connections to the Trump administration will continue, despite Mr. Comey’s absence, when Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr confirmed his panel has subpoenaed documents from former Trump National Security adviser Michael Flynn. In February, the White House forced Mr. Flynn to resign after reports emerged that the retired army lieutenant-general lied to Vice President Mike Pence about pre-inauguration discussions on sanctions he had with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak. Mr. Burr also denounced Wednesday the timing of Mr. Comey’s firing and voiced concerns his team’s work could be seriously hampered. “Director Comey has been more forthcoming with information than any FBI Director,” the North Carolina Republican said. The House and Senate intelligence committees are leading the investigatory charge on Russia, but the fragmented jurisdiction over the broad subject of inquiry has crowded the space. In addition to those probes, other related congressional investigations include the Senate Judiciary committee and its subcommittee on crime and terrorism, the House Oversight and Government Reform committee, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and the Senate Armed Services Committee. Compared to the FBI, which has more than 35,000 employees, these congressional investigative staffs are generally small and compartmentalized and rely upon outside experts and entities to share information. In the case of the sensitive and complex Russia work, the sheer amount of data to sift through — and leads to chase — has at times been overwhelming. Some staffers explained that while the FBI could behave like a government bureaucracy and be slow to answer committee requests, especially for classified information — if the agency becomes entirely uncooperative — it could grind the committee investigations to a halt. “These committees cross pollinate and compete and compliment each other,” a senior congressional staffer told The Times. “But if the FBI is unwilling to share — they’ll starve.” Some Republican leadership atop the committees praised Mr. Comey’s firing. On Wednesday, South Carolina Sen. Lindsey Graham, a leading Judiciary Committee member, applauded Mr. Trump for making “a difficult decision” adding that “a fresh start will serve the FBI and the nation well.” Committee Chairman Sen. Chuck Grassley of Iowa argued that because America had lost faith in the FBI, those protesting the firing should, “suck it up and move on.” During questioning last week from Mr. Grassley’s Judiciary committee, the then-FBI director stumbled when discussing his handling of the investigation into Hillary Clinton’s email during the 2016 campaign. Both Democrats and Republicans pounced on Mr. Comey’s inaccurate description of classified emails which had been compromised. On Wednesday, Democratic leaders were irate over Mr. Comey’s firing and seemingly in disarray. They claimed the White House was involved in a cover-up, they called for a special prosecutor to be appointed to take up the FBI’s Russia probe. They also threatened to protest by slowing the Senate to a procedural crawl. The Senate Intelligence Committee’s leading Democrat, Sen. Mark Warner, said he’s asked Mr. Comey to testify before the committee next week. “My hope is that he’ll take advantage of this opportunity,” Mr. Warner said. Mr. Comey was scheduled to testify this Thursday during an open session on “worldwide threats.” But acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe will appear in his place, according to an updated witness list released by Mr. Burr’s office. On Tuesday, just before the Comey news broke, reports emerged that Mr. Warner had requested information related to Trump officials and campaign aides from FinCEN, a Department of Treasury agency that investigates money laundering and real estate deals. Interest in Mr. Trump’s finances flared up Monday when Mr. Graham said during a hearing he wanted to investigate potential business ties between the Trump Organization and Russia. Mr. Graham later clarified that he wasn’t targeting Trump business deals but really wanted to probe “all things Russia.” On Tuesday Mr. Trump hired a private lawyer to inform Mr. Graham that he has no business dealings with Russia, the White House said. Sign up for Daily Newsletters Manage Newsletters Copyright © 2020 The Washington Times, LLC. Click here for reprint permission.

version: 1 n_points: 68 { 138.01855 89.154579 139.21136 99.620071 141.09622 109.68665 143.36954 119.3373 147.22928 127.61332 152.57074 135.18625 158.65134 141.56909 165.28262 146.72121 174.01408 148.01602 183.21277 146.32979 190.60913 140.83598 197.43958 133.6351 202.74667 124.8311 206.16403 115.28817 207.67905 104.79993 208.76697 94.739845 209.33478 84.082756 140.5466 79.584969 143.79265 74.090782 149.96266 72.06385 156.88336 72.542412 163.54131 74.896339 173.25909 74.705627 180.40253 72.099586 188.18176 71.668297 195.93837 73.45594 201.47372 78.314529 169.05841 82.679474 168.88893 90.1269 168.66153 97.418312 168.50883 104.91183 161.57272 110.26524 165.5887 111.73885 169.79231 112.92709 174.47914 111.26287 178.89832 109.82341 147.75531 84.50544 151.23106 81.83506 155.93619 81.721588 160.43626 85.227837 156.02707 85.751213 151.20631 85.890144 180.62949 84.736366 184.85313 81.426796 189.57396 81.218529 193.62616 83.520905 189.93019 85.17701 185.26933 85.270317 157.39792 123.27344 162.35428 122.18416 167.24348 121.3379 171.39757 122.47024 175.48361 121.08866 181.43904 121.58796 187.50977 122.46669 181.88339 126.85819 176.3239 129.28384 171.93306 130.0006 167.53238 129.65094 162.48717 127.85545 159.54892 123.70994 167.44278 124.58755 171.64078 124.97156 175.83786 124.21425 185.24542 122.83739 175.76491 124.44217 171.51399 125.10707 167.35634 124.75034 }

Overall ranking lists The Saucony Jazz is widely recognized as the brand's hallmark model and is, in fact, one of their best-selling sneakers even up to this day. But before all the recognition and fame Saucony's aim in creating the Jazz was to produce the most outstanding running shoe in the world during the 80s. This goal was ultimately realized thanks to the help of an expert podiatrist named Frank Santopietro. In 1981 the partnership introduced the Saucony Jazz shoes, and it pioneered the triangular lug outsole footprint and established the brand's signature silhouette. The original Jazz featured suede and nylon uppers providing the perfect fit and support for running. The design was declared as 'best quality running shoes' and helped put the brand on the map in the 80s. The shoe's simple yet recognizable aesthetic proved to be stylish on and off the running tracks, which could explain why it remains coveted almost 40 years later. The Saucony Jazz shoes' unwavering reputation in the sneaker scene has spawned various iterations. Below are some of the silhouette's primary offspring. Successors of the Saucony Jazz shoes Saucony Jazz Original This kick is essentially the original Jazz Saucony shoes from the 80s but with a few modern updates. It retains its standard silhouette and suede/nylon upper and added more padding in the collar, tongue, and footbed for that modern in-step comfort. The shoe also features improved materials that live up to today's footwear standards. Most famous for the classic black and silver colorway, these Saucony Jazz shoes are available in both men and women's sizes with the ladies' color schemes displaying more effeminate and vibrant hues. Colorways: Navy / Silver Black / Red Tan / Navy Blue / Navy Gray / Navy Saucony Jazz Low Pro Launched in 2002, the Saucony Jazz Low Pro was introduced as the sleeker lifestyle substitute to the original model via a lower profile. It remains faithful to its predecessor by maintaining its signature upper materials, design elements, and XT-600 triangular lug rubber outsole. The shoe offers a slimmer and lighter fit compared to the original. These Saucony Jazz shoes come with an extra pair of colored shoelaces and are also offered in both women and men's sizes and colorways. Shades of pastel blue, green and pink dominate the ladies' section while red, gray and forest green prevail in the men's. Colorways: Green / Orange / Silver Blue / Yellow / Silver Peach / Blue / Silver Seafoam / White Saucony Jazz Original Vintage This pair serves as an ode to the silhouette's rich heritage in the retro running world. Released in 2017, it celebrates the Jazz Original by retaining most of its attributes other than the addition of a new mesh textile on the toebox providing more ventilation. The sneaker's tongue is unlined and unpadded just like the original design. The Jazz Original Vintage sneakers could jazz any outfit up through its extensive color scheme collection. Hues from the Saucony Jazz men's section boast of shoes with hits of yellow and orange, while the ladies could enjoy shades of pink, green and blue. Colorways: Baltic Flame / Maroon Cement / Yellow Rosin / Treetop Saucony Jazz Original Knit This iteration offers a cozy alternative to the original as it is crafted from knit and suede. Jazz up your Fall outfit with these Saucony shoes as it could keep you warm and stylish despite the cold weather. It is available in a single colorway of white and brown. Saucony Jazz Original Suede This pair is one of a number of Saucony sneakers from the Jazz collection that offers warmth and protection during the winter season. Thanks to its suede-crafted upper, fleece lining, and effortless style, the Saucony Jazz Original Suede could be your next go-to cold weather footwear. Colorways: Excalibur / Black Grey / Teal Navy / Light Blue Saucony Jazz 91 These Saucony Jazz shoes are somewhat special and very rarely seen in the market. It has only been available for a short period and in very limited quantities with only true Saucony fans in-the-know. The Saucony Jazz 91 utilizes the Shadow 6000's midsole for a hybrid-type sneaker and features a broader use of mesh material. Colorways: White / Blue / Red White / Red / Green Black / Brown Saucony Jazz Low Pro Vegan This version of the Jazz Low Pro does not contain any animal by-product making it a vegan-friendly sneaker. The shoe’s upper is crafted from a combination of hemp and canvas materials offering a lightweight and breathable fit. Size-wise, this particular Saucony Jazz model is only available in men’s shoes sizes. Ladies who fancy a pair should go 1.5 sizes down from their standard shoe size. Colorways: Navy Black / Oatmeal Charcoal / Orange Saucony Shamrock Jazz Low Pro An ultra-jazzy classic Saucony shoe, this pair retains the Low Pro’s silhouette and steps it up in the design department as it features hits of vibrant green and Shamrock brandings. It utilizes premium mesh, Wolverine silkee suede (which is chrome, tanned suede material) and green carbon fiber synthetic patch on the heel. The shoe is offered in a black and green colorway. Collaborations Saucony Jazz Original x Anteater Russian brand Anteater and Saucony have partnered a couple of times in the past. In 2014 the two brands came together a third time to release a collaborative version of the Saucony Jazz shoes. These kicks primarily use a combination of suede and nylon materials bathed in a unique blue and beige colorway. These hues are inspired by the “break” seen on the beach every time the waves arrive. This Anteaters’ version of the iconic Saucony sneakers also jazzes things up by incorporating the TR-type shoelaces from the Jazz Low Pro. Saucony Jazz Original x White Mountaineering Famous Japanese label teamed up with Saucony in 2013 to create a rugged version of the Jazz Original also referred to as the Saucony Courageous. The shoe is crafted from a combination of suede and leather for that heavy-duty aesthetic. The collaboration released three colorways: burgundy, navy, beige. Saucony Jazz 91 x ALIFE Having a number of collaborative releases under their belt, Saucony and ALIFE utilized the Jazz 91 silhouette in 2016 for a very limited release. This hybrid sneaker came in two colorways - white/red/green and white/blue/orange – and constructed in suede and mesh materials. Significant Releases Saucony Jazz Original “Lux Pack” Classic retro runner updated with premium construction always proved to be a sure-fire hit among sneaker fanatics. This pack comprises of two tonal colorways of the Saucony Jazz Original crafted in top-rated suede and leather materials. The shoe also features a lace-up closure with non-traditional eyestays that add a rugged yet elegant update to the classic Saucony Jazz shoes. Colorways: Black Tan Saucony Jazz Original Chicago Dog Pack This collection is an exclusive Saucony Jazz for women’s shoes that takes inspiration from the famous Chicago Dog delicacy. It includes three colorways that mimic the hues of hotdogs and its various condiments. The shoes retain the original material combination of suede and nylon providing that time-tested good looks. Colorways: Yellow / Pink Pink / White White / Yellow / Blue Frequently Asked Questions How do Saucony Jazz shoes fit? Most sneakers in the Jazz collection are often released in men’s sizes with a usual size range of 5 to 14. And although not as prevalent as the men’s, the Saucony Jazz range also offers numerous women’s shoes, with sizes stretching from 5 to 12. Moreover, the ladies could still cop a pair of men’s pair by going down 1.5 sizes from their normal shoe size. A specific pair’s fit depends on the materials used on the sneaker. Hence each model released could fit entirely different from its predecessors. Below is a number of Saucony Jazz shoes grouped according to the majority of the reviewers’ sizing feedback. True to size: Men’s Jazz Original Women’s Jazz Low Pro Women’s Jazz Original Men’s Jazz Low Pro Vegan Men’s Jazz Low Pro Small: Men’s Jazz Original Vintage Big: Women’s Jazz Original Vintage Can it be used for running? Saucony Jazz shoes were initially engineered for the sport of running. These sneakers were the go-to running footwear of athletes during the 80s and had received acclamations for its excellent performance and quality. Its chunky impact-absorbing midsoles, stabilizing triangular lug outsoles, and supportive suede and nylon uppers were considered efficient for running. However, with so much futuristic footwear technologies available in the market today there could be more appealing and more ideal running shoes one could get their hands on, especially people who need extra care for their feet ailments. Nevertheless, if you don't have unique feet conditions and you feel supported and comfortable running in a pair of Jazz sneakers, then by all means you could use this pair for running. Which celebrities were spotted wearing a pair of Jazz Saucony shoes? Equipped with a couple of decades' worth of history, the Jazz had made its mark in the world of classic sneakers and found its way towards enthusiasts' radar. Maybe it's because of the shoes' versatile design or its enduring style, but Jazz's roster of fans includes celebrities. Some notable personalities spotted rocking a pair of Saucony Jazz shoes were Jennifer Garner, Jessica Alba, Emma Roberts, and Anna Paquin. How to clean Saucony Jazz shoes? The typical materials most commonly used throughout Saucony’s Jazz range are a combination of suede and nylon. Cleaning both of these textiles are easy and straightforward, check the steps below on how to cleanse your pair of Saucony Jazz shoes and make them look as spruced up as if it’s brand new. Nylon part: Get a clean rag or sponge and damp it with water. Rub nylon parts with a damp cloth until clean. Let it air dry. Suede part: Brush off dry dirt and debris first. If there are still stains, carefully moisten your shoes and brush it then use a shoe eraser. Let it dry. Apply a coat of suede protecting spray to keep shoes clean longer. Leather: Use a soft cloth or brush to get rid of dried and stuck gunk. Mix a solution of warm water and soap, dip a soft cloth in it and wipe the surface of your shoe. Get another clean, damp cloth to remove the soap then dry with a towel. Where to buy Saucony Jazz shoes? Most leading department stores offer Saucony Jazz shoes but if you haven’t got the time to go to the nearest mall you could check out these following online stores. Saucony’s official site Eastbay Overkill Kicks USA END. Finish Line UBIQ Urban Outfitters Are there other types of closures available? Unfortunately, adult Saucony Jazz shoes come solely with traditional lace-up closures. Jazz models with hook and loop or Velcro closures are usually designed exclusively for babies, toddlers and kids for easier on and off. How much do these kicks cost? On average, Jazz models are more affordable than other Saucony shoes. Jazz models that are “General Release” are priced at $60 while special designs range from $65 to $85. Below are Saucony Jazz shoes grouped according to their costs. General Release ($60): Saucony Jazz men’s and women’s Original shoes Saucony Jazz Low Pro men’s and women’s shoes Men’s Jazz Low Pro Vegan Saucony Jazz Original Vintage Special designs ($65 - $80) Saucony Jazz Original Knit Saucony Jazz Original Suede Collaborative models ($90 - $325) Saucony Jazz 91 x ALIFE Saucony Jazz Original x Anteater Saucony Jazz Original x White Mountaineering Saucony Jazz vs. Saucony DXN Although almost identical in design, there are a number of significant differences that set the Jazz and the DXN apart. Choosing which one will work for you is unique and personal from person to person. Depending on your feet’s needs it is possible that the DXN feels more comfortable than the Jazz and vice versa. Or it could also be that both could cater to your needs efficiently. Both the Jazz and DXN employ the same materials. However, the Jazz offers more padding specifically in the tongue area. Despite their aesthetic similarities, most reviewers found the DXN narrower than the Jazz. Lastly, shoe users have disclosed that the Jazz’s signature triangular lug outsole provides better stability compared to the DXN’s. Ultimately, both shoes offer efficient comfort and support for all-day casual use, but if you have wide feet or need a more stabilizing pair, then the Jazz might work better. How to dress up a pair of Saucony Jazz shoes? The classic and effortlessly cool style of the Saucony Jazz makes for an easy pair to match with a multitude of outfits. The iconic retro running good looks of these Saucony shoes could effortlessly jazz up your casual ensemble. Below are some styling tips you could try. Spruce up your every look through the shoe’s various color schemes and shoelace designs. Girl/boy-next-door – Classic tee, denim jeans and topped off with a jacket. Dapper – Crisp button-down blouse, knitted sweater layered on top of the button-down, chino pants, and finished off with a newsboy cap. Easy, breezy summer look – Oversized button-down shirt worn as a dress, accessorized with a pair of dangling earrings and a bag. Effortless cool – Sleek-looking coach jackets layered over a graphic hoodie paired with cuffed jeans and finished off with stylish socks and a 5-panel hat. What are the technologies applied to these sneakers? Saucony Jazz shoes are virtually unchanged since its inception in the 1980s. Significant modifications were only done on materials and internal padding. Hence technologies applied to this sneaker are understandably simple and vintage compared to today’s countless state-of-the-art innovations. Jazz shoes generally utilize these two following technology: shock-absorbing EVA midsole and signature XT-600 (TM) triangular lug outsole. Why should I cop a pair of Saucony Jazz shoes? Often the reason why consumers patronize a brand for long periods is that of brand loyalty mixed with hype. Commonly, big sportswear brands have this formula perfected, constantly creating hype and getting more and more consumers hooked on their products, overshadowing other sneakers from other brands that may be as excellent. Saucony's shoes, specifically the Jazz is one of the many sneakers eclipsed by more prominent brands' products. Below are some of the key reasons why opting for a pair of Saucony Jazz shoes could be a worthwhile choice. Out of all the Saucony shoes, Jazz might be the most iconic and classic pair. It became the blueprint of all the other silhouettes that came after it. The sneaker is therefore packed with history. The shoe’s style and design are versatile. Its simple aesthetic could be matched with almost any outfit and could easily be dressed up and down, making it a practical purchase as you would get a lot of uses out of it. The Jazz might be one of Saucony’s most simple shoes, but it offers adequate and time-tested comfort for everyday use. Some consumers have disclosed that the shoe provides support and protection efficient for walking and short-distance running The sneaker is lightweight yet durable - materials that make-up Saucony Jazz shoes are tried and true when it comes to durability. Despite its breathable and lightweight fit, the materials could stand everyday use. Cleaning a pair of Saucony Jazz shoes is very simple and easy. Consumers who are always on-the-go loved this feature as it is very convenient for their lifestyle. Where did the Saucony name come from? Four men in Kutztown, Pennsylvania established Saucony. The brand’s first factory stood nearby the Saucony Creek (formerly called the Saucony Creek) which ran 17.4 miles beginning from Berks County through the district of Kutztown. The term Saucony was derived from the Lenni Lenape Native American word “saconk,” which means “where two rivers run together.” Moreover, the brand’s logo symbolizes the Saucony Creek’s endless flow and the boulders lining the creek’s bed. Where are Saucony shoes made? Saucony shoes were made exclusively in the United States until 1994. The brand even started a campaign that highlighted the fact that their products are manufactured in the US. However, Saucony was forced to stop labeling their footwear “Made in the USA” after a number of lawsuits were filed against them. The lawsuits were claiming that although the shoes were assembled in the US most parts were made overseas. Fast-forward to 2015 the news reported that the acquisition of Saucony by a firm called Wolverine Worldwide in 2012 helped in slowly bringing the brand's manufacturing back to the US. The transition was easier thanks in part to Wolverine’s established footwear factory in Michigan. Ultimately, each shoe might be manufactured from different countries and if you are very particular as to where your shoes are made it is best to check the labels before purchasing. When was the brand founded? Saucony was officially established in 1898, two years after the first Olympic Marathon and a year after the first Boston Marathon. It was founded by four businessmen namely William A. Donmoyer, Walter C.C. Snyder, Thomas S. Levan, and Benjamin F. Reider, and opened their first shoe factory in Kutztown, Pennsylvania. It might also be useful to know that other accounts of the brand’s history were tying Saucony’s history with that of A.R. Hyde’s company history called Hyde Athletics. The reason for this is Hyde bought the brand in the late 1960s. How long do Saucony Jazz shoes last? There’s no other way to answer this, but it depends. The longevity of your Saucony Jazz shoes rests upon two major factors: how often you use them and what you use them for. No matter how durable your sneakers seem it would last longer if you use it on special occasions alone versus daily. Moreover, wearing your kicks for heavy physical activities such as running, training and walking would entail shorter lifespan of your sneakers. Of course, you could use your pair as you please but the Saucony Jazz is recommended for casual everyday use as it features retro characteristics that are ideal for lifestyle purposes. 4 best Saucony Jazz sneakers Saucony Jazz Original Camo Saucony Jazz Original Saucony Jazz Low Pro Saucony Jazz Original Vintage Author Danny McLoughlin Danny is a sneakerhead turned sneaker industry expert that believes a good outfit begins from the feet up. His aunt currently isn't speaking to him for wearing a pair of kicks at his cousin's wedding. He spends most of his time trying to keep on top of the latest releases, hitting up his contacts and doing what needs to be done to secure his next pickup. Danny has been featured in prestigious publications such as The Washington Post, The Irish Times, Footwear News and the like. [email protected] This shoe has recently been added to RunRepeat. There are still not enough reviews for us to assign it a CoreScore. CoreScore A score from 1 to 100 that summarizes opinions from users and experts. The average CoreScore is 78. More...

Finkenbach (Lutter) Finkenbach is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is a left tributary of the Lutter. See also List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia Category:Rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia Category:Rivers of Germany

NHL makes new offer to players NEW YORK (AP) - The NHL says it has made a new contract offer to the players in an attempt to end the lockout and save the season. Deputy commissioner Bill Daly says in a statement Friday that a "comprehensive" proposal was made a day earlier, although he would not discuss details. He adds that the league is "hopeful" that once the union and its negotiating committee review the proposal "they will share it with the players. We want to be back on the ice as soon as possible." The lockout is in its 104th day. The NHL says it doesn't want a season of less than 48 games. To make that possible, a deal likely must be reached by mid-January. The sides haven't met face to face since talks with a federal mediator broke down Dec. 13.

/* * See the NOTICE file distributed with this work for additional * information regarding copyright ownership. * * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of * the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU * Lesser General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public * License along with this software; if not, write to the Free * Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA * 02110-1301 USA, or see the FSF site: http://www.fsf.org. */ package org.xwiki.mail.internal.thread; import org.xwiki.component.annotation.Role; /** * Runnable to regularly check for mails on a Queue, and for each mail try to send it. * * @version $Id: a32bca52480bebd9fe2ca33f787b8c531dfea49b $ * @since 6.4 */ @Role public interface MailRunnable extends Runnable { /** * Stop the processing to stop the thread. */ void stopProcessing(); }

GALVESTON, Texas (KTRK) -- A man has been arrested after police say he damaged several headstones, some beyond repair, at a historic Galveston cemetery.Corey Johnson, 40, is charged with felony criminal mischief.Galveston police say officers started to receive calls Saturday morning about someone throwing concrete and other debris at drivers in the 4100 block of Broadway.Police increased patrols in the area and found Johnson around 3 p.m., shortly after concrete, wood and pieces of headstones were discovered across several lanes of Broadway.Johnson was taken into custody on an unrelated charge of drinking in public while Galveston police investigated.Staff from the City of Galveston Parks Department, the group that runs the historic cemetery, told authorities they've found some 80 headstones damaged over the past month.He was then connected to the cemetery damage. Johnson's bond was set at $80,000.Some of the damaged headstones date back to Galveston's antebellum period. The damage is estimated at $13,300.

Rule bans bars, many restaurants from creating pot-use areas DENVER (AP) — Bars and many restaurants in Denver won't be able to offer on-site marijuana consumption because of a new state rule announced Friday that prohibits liquor-license holders from applying for the permit. The new regulation, approved by the Liquor Enforcement Division of the Colorado Department of Revenue, takes effect Jan. 1 and strikes a major blow to Denver's voter-passed initiative to allow patrons to consume cannabis in such establishments, according to The Denver Post (https://goo.gl/eQWg3t ) Supporters of the city's initiative, which passed in the Nov. 8 election, reacted with dismay and said they were studying the state's decision. "It's remarkable that state officials are trying to scare bars and restaurants into not seeking these permits," said Mason Tvert, a spokesman for the national Marijuana Policy Project and a proponent of the consumption law. "The Department of Revenue is fighting a turf battle on behalf of the liquor industry." Meanwhile, Mothers Against Drunk Driving applauded the decision, saying the group is concerned about the consequences of alcohol and marijuana impairment on the state's roads. "Detecting the combined impairment from marijuana and alcohol would be very difficult for servers at bars and restaurants," said Fran Lanzer, MADD's state executive director. City officials have been trying to figure out how to implement Initiative 300, which calls for the creation of a four-year pilot program that will allow most businesses, including cafes and even yoga studios, to seek permits for separate cannabis consumption areas. "We clearly will be taking this new rule into account as we assess how to implement 300," Dan Rowland, a spokesman for the Denver Department of Excise and Licenses, told the newspaper. Denver's measure took effect immediately after it passed but has a lot of caveats. Interested businesses would have to show they have neighborhood support before getting a license to allow marijuana use. Patrons also would have to bring their own weed and would not be allowed to smoke it indoors. The law does provide for the possibility of outside smoking areas with some restrictions. Supporters of the measure do not know how many establishments will apply for the permits or how long it will take for them to demonstrate community acceptance and be approved. So it may be many months before Denver sees any Amsterdam-style coffee shops. The measure sunsets in 2020, unless city officials renew the licenses or voters make it permanent.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of obesity in Chinese adults increased from 1991 to 2000; however, recent changes in this trend are unclear. This study aims to estimate the current prevalence of obesity and to assess trends in obesity and BMI distribution in Chinese adults from 1991 through 2011. METHODS: Height and weight measurements of 12,249 Chinese adults from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed (in 2013) together with China Health and Nutrition Survey data for 1991-2009. Obesity was defined as BMI≥28.0 kg/m(2) based on the Working Group on Obesity in China criteria. RESULTS: In the 2011 survey, the age-adjusted mean BMI was 23.8 (95% CI=23.7, 23.9) for men and 23.4 (95% CI=23.2, 23.5) for women. The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was 11.3% (95% CI=10.8%, 11.9%) overall, 11.8% (95% CI=10.8%, 12.6%) among men, and 11.0% (95% CI=10.3%, 11.8%) among women. Estimates of age-adjusted obesity prevalence among the Chinese population were significantly lower than those of the U.S. population (all p<0.05). Over the 20-year period, the prevalence of obesity increased from 2.88% to 11.8% among men (age-adjusted annual change in OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.07, 1.09, p<0.001) and from 4.55% to 11.0% among women (OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.05, 1.06, p<0.001). Similar significant findings were observed for both men and women based on WHO recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity among both Chinese men and women increased significantly from 1991 through 2011, particularly among men. Age-adjusted prevalence of obesity and overweight in men and women in 20-, 30- and 40-year old age groups over the period of 1991–2000, 2000–2011, and 1991–2011 according to the criteria suggested by the Working Group on Obesity in China. Comparison of the age-adjusted prevalence of obesity and overweight between Chinese (The China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2011) and the U.S. population (The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2011‒2012), as well as the OR of obesity and overweight status of Chinese to the U.S. *p<0.05.

Gonzalez hit .259/.326/.457 for the Brewers in 2012 before tearing his ACL sliding into second base in San Francisco on May 5. It was the second torn ACL by a Brewers player in the span of a week — Gamel tore his in San Diego on May 1. While Gamel was fairly easily replaced by Travis Ishikawa and Corey Hart at first base, Gonzalez’s injury touched off a revolving door of temporary solutions at shortstop that included Cesar Izturis, Edwin Maysonet, Cody Ransom and Jeff Bianchi before the Zack Greinke trade eventually brought Jean Segura. A Gonzalez-Milwaukee reunion has been long-rumored, as the Brewers have had a “standing offer” out to Gonzalez for much of the winter while he looked for a starting job. While his 2013 salary may raise some questions on who’ll be starting at shortstop, it sounds like the Brewers intend to use him as a bench player. As Adam McCalvy says, the Brewers are “committed to” Segura as the starter right now — a point Doug Melvin emphasized at Brewers On Deck. Even if Gonzalez is just a reserve, he should provide plenty of value as a defensive replacement and pinch-hitter. Segura may be the starter, but the Brewers have spent the offseason looking for veteran backup options. Prior to signing Gonzalez, Melvin added Bobby Crosby and Donnie Murphy to minor-league deals. Crosby and Murphy will still be in camp as non-roster invitees, but Gonzalez has likely leapfrogged them on the organizational depth chart. Bianchi will also be in camp as a member of the 40-man roster, but is out of options this year and will miss time in camp playing for Team Italy in the World Baseball Classic.

I Can’t Read Your Mind Anastasia, 6 pounds 11 ounces, was born 36 hours after her mother, Marianne, received word that her own mother, had died suddenly of an undiagnosed circulatory disease. The shock provoked the onset of labor, three weeks before full term. The baby was forced to stay in the hospital for five days following delivery, due to a high bilirubin count. She received ultra-violet treatment, and on the sixth day, was cleared for discharge by Dr. Mellandio, the hospital’s chief obstetrician. When the doctor said, “Everything is perfect now,” Marianne burst into tears. Losing her mother amplified the postpartum depression that had taken hold. Marianne’s husband, Patrick, had been with her throughout the hospital stay, just as he had been during the birth of their first child, Ryan. They had been married for four years, and were each in their late thirties. The couple had prepared a crib festooned in pink cut-out illustrations of smiling animals and colorful shapes. These hung on the walls and seemed to mock Marianne’s limp, gray expression. Her appetite vanished, and her sleep was fitful. She sat by the window for hours at a time, rocking her newborn and sobbing intermittently. Months later, in their first couples session, Marianne said, “I never experienced or imagined anything like this feeling. I felt so alone. I did my best to reach out to Patrick, but he was oblivious, preoccupied with other things.” Patrick explained that when she returned from the hospital, he knew Marianne was ‘somewhere else.’ “I held down the fort while she recovered, doing everything so that she could heal.” He went on to describe how he shopped, cooked, cleaned, laundered and attended to Ryan. He imagined that he was tending to his wife with the kind of care he would hope to receive from her if he was the one in need. What he did not take into account was the question of whether this was the kind of care she wanted from him. He felt it his duty to problem- solve by enacting solutions, not questions. Questioning himself about his solutions, to him, seemed pointless. But Marianne laid out the reasons that she had felt abandoned and betrayed by him. It never occurred to him that she could feel neglected by his careful attention to the details of the care he gave her. Marianne’s suffering was extreme; it exceeded anything that she ever felt before. This created a desperation that she was ashamed to share. She feared that her neediness would make her seem weak to Patrick. And she was embarrassed to let him know this. The longer he took to provide the support she really needed—no matter what else he did—the greater her resentment grew, and she felt increasingly isolated and hopeless. As the depression continued, her mood cast a shadow of disapproval over their interactions. He responded by avoiding conversation about feelings. Bitterness permeated whatever they did together. Patrick’s responses became sharper and more caustic until they were bickering constantly. This is how it was when they showed up at my office to work on their relationship. Marianne shared a dream she had had the day before their first session. She said, “I dreamed I was some kind half-fish, half-human, like a mermaid, swimming around in a monstrously huge glass tank. The glass was light green, like an old glass Coke bottle, and it gave everything a kind of sickly tinge. I was in something like the Coney Island aquarium, where they had sharks and other ocean creatures in other big tanks. I was on exhibit, and people streamed by, some pointing fingers and gawking, but most just glancing at me, then moving on. Outside the glass, I saw people’s mouths move, but heard nothing. Time passed in slow motion, I swam in circles, up to the glass and then turned abruptly, going back and forth between the walls of the tank, kind of like pacing in the water. At one point, I tried to scream and bubbles came out of my mouth but no words. Nobody noticed. Then I spotted Patrick. I rammed the glass to get his attention. He looked toward me, then turned back away. He was preoccupied with something. He wasn’t looking for me and hadn’t kept track of what might have happened to me. I was bewildered and terrified at my metamorphosis, but he didn’t even seem curious. I then had a realization that the tank was filled up with my tears. Somehow I realized that the more I cried, the more impossible it was going to be to get free. And then I woke up with a very angry feeling.” The meaning of the dream seemed clear to me, but Patrick gave it little importance. “It’s interesting, sure. But it’s a dream. It’s not reality.” I responded, “Certainly it isn’t reality. Marianne isn’t a mermaid and you didn’t walk by a tank where she was on exhibition. But what if we entertain the possibility that there’s a message within the dream that might convey her inner feelings in a way that could be useful? Do you think a conversation about the dream might help Marianne to unpack her feelings and might help you both begin to understand one another better?” Patrick said, “Possibly, but why use a dream? Why can’t she just say what she means?” Marianne turned to Patrick and said, “I realize you take care of all the chores around the apartment and that is something. But what I wanted and needed was for you to come to me, sit with me, talk to me, ask me what I was going through, press me for details and help me to understand that things would get better. I felt hopeless, and I wanted your support in feeling hopeful again. The dream shows me in a cage, like a prison. That’s how I felt. You never seemed to get that. I was totally alone in that. I wanted and needed you to draw me out and let me tell you how lost and alone I felt. Once I knew that you could grasp where I was, then I wouldn’t feel quite as lost, knowing you had gone that distance to join me. That would be the only way I could feel less lost and alone. Instead, I went through it by myself. You stayed away from me, spending all your time doing chores. You never approached me emotionally, and it made me feel like a leper.” Patrick seemed moved hearing this. “I’m sorry that I didn’t understand this sooner. I don’t want you to feel this way. Not at all. I put in a lot of effort trying to help you feel cared for. This is not what I wanted. Can you see that?” Patrick had begun to tear up. He looked very uncomfortable and put his hands over his eyes and leaned forward to obscure the fact that he was crying. It was Marianne’s turn to soften. There was still a lot of conversation to process but this moment provided a breakthrough that helped each partner feel that working on the relationship might be possible, that healing was a possibility. A crucial aspect of communication often involves listening for what is not said. I’m not talking about mind reading. I’m talking about knowing your partner well enough so that, in certain situations, you can ‘fill in the blank’ and make an accurate assessment of what they need, while keeping in mind that they may not be able to articulate it for themselves. I welcome comments questions and such. Do you have a hunch about where I’m headed here? Let me know! The person who comes closest to the mark will receive a copy of both of my current books. Welcome to pushup24.com This slideshow requires JavaScript. Sponsors for Needed Phoebe’s Pageant Fund Phoebe was invited and attended an open call for National American Miss on May 18th. After being interview by the committee she was chosen as one of New Jersey's state finalist. Our next step for Phoebe to proceed is attaining sponsors. As we all know times are tough however, she would appreciate any amount you would be able to contribute. Phoebe is very excited to represent her state in August. The pageant goals are for her to gain poise and self-confidence, practice speaking in front of a live audience, and become actively involved in her community. All donations are tax deductible for businesses as an advertising expense. All sponsors will be listed in the state year book. Thank you for your time whether you chose to sponsor or not. The Armstead Family Help spread the word!

This quantity includes contributions by means of individuals within the AMS-IMS-SIAM summer season examine convention on Hamiltonian Dynamical structures, held on the college of Colorado in June 1984. The convention introduced jointly researchers from a large spectrum of parts in Hamiltonian dynamics. The papers range from expository descriptions of contemporary advancements to really technical displays with new effects. A textbook for college scholars (physicists and mathematicians) with particular supplementary fabric on mathematical physics. in line with the path learn by way of the writer on the Moscow Engineering Physics Institute. quantity 2 includes a number of integrals, box concept, Fourier sequence and Fourier necessary, differential manifolds and differential kinds, and the Lebesgue critical. Paul Butzer, who's thought of the educational father and grandfather of many renowned mathematicians, has tested the best colleges in approximation and sampling thought on the earth. he's one of many prime figures in approximation, sampling concept, and harmonic research. even if on April 15, 2013, Paul Butzer grew to become eighty five years previous, remarkably, he's nonetheless an lively examine mathematician. L) stored in the same file. 44 Mean-Variance Portfolio Optimization Chap. 3 An alternative way of writing and presenting the results obtained is through the GDX utility GDXXRW. In this case, data structures have to be declared in order to receive the output produced. As a starting point we define the set of points that will describe the efficient frontier. SET FrontierPoints / PP_0 * PP_10 / ALIAS (FrontierPoints,p); To each point there will correspond a minimum variance, an expected return, and an optimal portfolio. This file is then submitted to the GAMS system by issuing the command: gams dedicate from the Unix prompt. lst, containing a listing of the input file and the solutions of any models solved. This file is then examined using a text editor. It is often convenient to have several open windows: one in which to edit the input file, one to call GAMS, and one to look at the output. 3 The model library The fastest way to build a new model, or to learn the language, is to study existing models that address a related problem. This of course can be made as large as we like, as the amount of holdings increases by borrowing at the risk-free rate. Therefore, without a limit on the amount borrowed, the model instance with lambda = 0 is unbounded. This is shown in the output file where we report the status of the model after optimization. A value MODELSTAT = 3 means that the model is unbounded. 6 (left), we show the absolute asset allocations for different values of lambda.

The Cruciate Ligaments in Total Knee Arthroplasty. The early knee replacements were hinge designs that ignored the ligaments of the knee and resurfaced the joint, allowing freedom of motion in a single plane. Advances in implant fixation paved the way for modern designs, including the posterior-stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that sacrifices both cruciate ligaments while substituting for the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), and the cruciate-retaining (CR) TKA designs that sacrifice the anterior cruciate ligament but retain the PCL. The early bicruciate retaining (BCR) TKA designs suffered from loosening and early failures. Townley and Cartier designed BCR knees that had better clinical results but the surgical techniques were challenging.Kinematic studies suggest that normal motion relies on preservation of both cruciate ligaments. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty retains all knee ligaments and closely matches normal motion, while PS and CR TKA deviate further from normal. The 15% to 20% dissatisfaction rate with current TKA has renewed interest in the BCR design. Replication of normal knee kinematics and proprioception may address some of the dissatisfaction.

Wondering what you should be feeding your dog or cat? Confused by all the choices? Is raw really best? Or does it pose health hazards? What should you know when deciding which commercial food to feed? Are cats' digestive systems able to metabolize carbohydrates or is all dry cat food “kitty crack,” as Tracie calls it? Do dogs and cats need supplements --- and if so, which ones? This show brings you facts and opinions to help you make the best personal decisions about how to feed the four-legged members of your family so they live long, healthy lives. Treating Allergic Dogs with Chinese Medicine Pet Food Advisors (02-01-2016) #7045: Holistic veterinarian Dr Judy Morgan — and author of the book WHAT’S FOR DINNER, DEXTER? — talks about Chinese medicine theory as it applies to food and how in her holistic vet practice she has cured or significantly improved 80% of dogs with allergies using these nutrition theories. Her book includes many recipes using ingredients that are exotic to us (alligator, beef heart, radishes!) that the Chinese have been using for centuries to improve health.

[Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in Churg-Strauss syndrome related cardiac involvement. A case series of three patients and literature review]. The reported prevalence of cardiac complications is variable in patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome (15-92%) and depends on diagnostic tools. Diagnosis at early stage of heart involvement is crucial, resulting in appropriate management. We report three patients who developed cardiac manifestations, revealing Churg-Strauss syndrome. The diagnosis of cardiac involvement was obtained using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Two patients were males and the remaining one was a female. Presenting clinical manifestations were: cardiac failure (n=1) and retrosternal pain (n=2). Laboratory findings disclosed: high blood count of eosinophils (range: 6000-11,000/mm(3)); antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were positive in a single patient. Cardiac MRI demonstrated: (1) late gadolinium enhancement (n=3), involving mainly the apical and mid-cavity left ventricular segments; (2) impaired left ventricular function (n=2), mean left ventricular ejection fraction being: 51%; and (3) pericardial effusion (n=3). Outcome was favourable after institution of combined therapy with prednisone and cyclophosphamide (n=2); one patient also underwent plasma exchanges. Our case series underlines that MRI is a helpful tool in the diagnosis of Churg-Strauss syndrome-related cardiac complications. We further suggest that clinical assessment of patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome should include cardiac MRI, in order to detect cardiac involvement at an early stage; indeed, because cardiac manifestations are predictive factors of poor prognosis, diagnosis at early stages of cardiac involvement may result in improvement of patients management.

The Day RussiaGate ended and the BRITISH BETRAYAL of Americans was CONFIRMED… Have we been looking in the wrong place – at the wrong country – to unearth the so-called ‘foreign meddling’ in the 2016 US election all along? If Obama administration plotted with British Intelligence to spy on & generally sabotage Trump candidacy and ultimate presidency, that’s a violation of International Intel Laws. BY: Vachel Lindsay, Elizabeth Lea Vos, Julian Assange and Stephen McIntyre Yesterday’s release of Peter Strzok’s texts is perhaps the most damning of them all!!! It connects three key people critical to the conspiracy to subvert the US election, frame an innocent citizen (Trump) and then to destroy an elected POTUS. [2] [2.1] [2.2] If we are right, for the first time we have FBI agent Peter Strzok interacting with George Papadopoulos & Alexander Downer, in London – on 1 August 2016, the day after the FBI probe into Drumpf-Russia started. Back in October 2016, I proposed a theory that Papadopoulos was in fact a plant burrowed into the Trump campaign team (ditto Manafort). You can read my observations here on his movements in the UK/Europe, from March 2016 onward: [3] Back then (like many) my working assumption was that Papadopoulos main contacts in Europe were Russians, feeding him BS – Mifsud (the Professor) & Sergei Millian, who was IMO a Russian spy and was also an apparent source for the Steele Dossier. My theory was that Papadopoulos, certain of a Clinton win and the rewards that would follow, was tasked to burrow inside Team Trump to set up meetings with Russians. Which is exactly what he did do – and failed. The connection with Sergei Millian remains unexplained, but these Strzok texts, as well as a bombshell article yesterday, have put an entirely new perspective on what seems to have happened. The core idea remains the same : Papadopoulos was a plant & knowingly so – however, it now appears the scheme was driven by a combined group of US/UK intelligence conspirators, working with Fusion GPS and by extension, the Obama administration & Clinton campaign. Here is the bombshell article, which explains that in fact Mifsud was probably a UK intelligence asset (not Russian, as I first assumed – although I’m keeping an open mind on that): [4] [4.1] [4.2] Each of these strands of UK-tied elements of the Russiagate narrative can be substantially dismantled on close inspection. This untangling process leads to the surprising conclusion that UK intelligence services fabricated evidence of collusion to create the #TrumpRussia. Mifsud strongly denied claims that he was associated with Russian intelligence, telling Italian newspaper Repubblica that he was a member of the European Council on Foreign Relations and the Clinton Foundation. [4.3] The findings from Decipher You, a collaborative initiative by @Suzi3D and myself, were also relevant in this story, giving context for Mifsud’s eclectic academic background. [4.4a] [4.4b] Mifsud’s alleged links to Russian intelligence are summarily debunked by his close working relationship with Claire Smith, a major figure in the upper echelons of British intelligence. Julian Assange likewise noted the connection between Mifsud and Smith in a Twitter thread…. In his thread, Julian Assange pointed out Mifsud’s connection with #Saudi intelligence. This writer was able to confirm the identity of both Mifsud and Smith in the photograph Assange and others brought to the public’s attention. [4.5] There is something very odd about the Joseph Mifsud story and the role of the UK in the 2016 US presidential election: Boris Johnson met with Misfud on 19 Oct 2017 (Politico) [4.5a] But who’s the guy on the right? Misfud worked in Riyadh for a “think tank” run by the former head of Saudi intelligence, Prince Turki al Faisal. (BBC) [4.5b] Misfud and Claire Smith of the UK Joint Intelligence Committee and eight year member of the UK Security Vetting panel both trained Italian security services at the Link university in Rome and appear to be both present in this photo [4.5c] It was Alexander Downer in London, closely associated with Hakluyt (now Holdingham Group Ltd) a private MI6 outfit, that met with Papadopulos. The FBI used AD’s statement about Misfud to open the FISA interception warrants against the Trump camp. [4.5d] It was former UK MI6 officer Christopher Steele who compiled the smear filled “Steel Dossier” funded by Hillary Clinton The UK government approved of giving the Steele dossier to the Obama FBI It was the UK government that issued a press suppression notice (DA Notice) about Steele [4.5e] Steele used former UK ambassador Sir Andrew Wood to funnel the dossier to the Trump hating Senator John McCain; seemingly deliberately moving the handover out of London, to Canada. [4.5f] UK government TV then “verified” the dossier. The reporter? Paul Wood, a reporter who has been repeatedly operated within UK military and intelligence covert operation zones. [4.5g] CIA Director John Brennan: [4.5h] Comments: Left-Right: F. Frattini: ITA Minister of Foreign Affairs (2002-2004/2008-2011) V. Scotti (ITA Under-Min of Foreign Affairs 2008-2011/LinkU. founder) Michael Cox (LSE/Chatam House) Adam Austerfield (LSE/UK Embassy in Spain) Joseph Mifsud Conference on Brexit at LinkU -20March’17 Misfud, LINK, Rome, UK… [4.5i] This LINK, uh.. [4.5j] The photograph in question originated here: [4.6] Specifying that Mifsud is indeed standing next to Claire Smith, who was attending a: training program on International Security which was organized by Link Campus University and London Academy of Diplomacy. This is incredibly significant for a number of reasons, which will be broken down piece by piece in this thread as it is in the Disobedient News article. [4.6] First, the training program Smith attended with high-ranking members of the Italian military was organized by the London Academy of Diplomacy, where Joseph Mifsud served as Director, as noted by The Washington Post and in Mifsud’s LinkedIn profile. [4.7] That Claire Smith was training military and law enforcement officials alongside Mifsud in 2012 during her tenure as a member of the UK Cabinet Office Security Vetting Appeals Panel, is not happenstance. This took place during her tenure on the UK’s intelligence vetting panel. Claire Smith’s LinkedIn profile confirms that she served as a visiting Professor at the University of Stirling, where Mifsud was also employed in connection with the London Academy of Diplomacy. Smith’s LinkedIn profile: [4.8] Claire Smith was training military and law enforcement officials alongside Mifsud in 2012 – during her tenure as a member of the UK Cabinet Office Security Vetting Appeals Panel. This is only the start of the indications Mifsud is a UK asset. [4.9] The final nail in the coffin of the theory that Mifsud is a #Russian spy is this photograph of Mifsud standing next to Boris Johnson, the UK Foreign Secretary, as reported by The Guardian. Nine months after Mifsud was named in the Russian meddling issue. “Another aspect of the RussiaGate claims tied to the UK includes the reported conversation between George Papadopoulos and Alexander Downer, Australia’s High Commissioner to the UK who was based in London. Downer secured $25 million for the Clinton Foundation to fight AIDS.” “Downer is also a member of the advisory board of London-based Hakluyt & Co, an opposition research and intelligence firm set up in 1995 by three former UK intelligence officials and described as “a retirement home for ex-MI6 [British foreign intelligence] officers.” Lifezette states that Hakluyt is “a second, even more powerful and mysterious opposition research and intelligence firm… with significant political and financial links to former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and her 2016 campaign”. [4.10] Yet another UK link to a central pillar of the Trump-Russia narrative is British music promoter Robert Goldstone, who was reported to have organized a meeting between Donald Trump Jr. and Russian nationals in June 2016. Some have speculated that Goldstone was also involved with British or US intelligence efforts to concoct the RussiaGate narrative. [4.11] “As soon as his name emerged in the press, Goldstone – like Christopher Steele and Joseph Mifsud – went into ‘hiding’. Multiple press reports claimed he had done so out of fear for his safety, a claim also made about Christopher Steele.” The UK government issued a DA Notice (a press suppression advisory notice) to the British press to suppress the ex-spy Steele’s name. Of all those swept up in the RussiaGate investigation, only the UK-linked witnesses have felt the need to go into hiding. Robert Hannigan, former head of British intelligence agency GCHQ, is another personality of note in the formation of the RussiaGate narrative. He resigned from his position w/GCHQ only 3 days after Trump’s inauguration…. Hannigan flew to Washington D.C. to personally brief then-CIA Director John Brennan on alleged communications between the Trump campaign and Moscow. But why was he interfacing w/ the CIA Dir, not Mike Rogers at the NSA, which is GCHQ’s Five Eyes intelligence-sharing partner?!? If it was not Russia at the heart of a complex operation to topple the Clinton campaign in 2016, then was British Intelligence responsible for creating false narratives and mirage-like ‘evidence’ on which the Trump Russia scandal could hinge? Is British intelligence involvement in RussiaGate, as outlined above, the international version of CrowdStrike and former FBI figures manufacturing the #Guccifer2.0 persona specifically to smear @WikiLeaks via false allegations of a Russian hack of the DNC? Finally, have we been looking in the wrong place – at the wrong country – to unearth the so-called ‘foreign meddling’ in the 2016 US election all along? – Finis – Comments: Is Central European Initiative a Soros Org? I ask this bc Sergei Millian also has ties to Soros’ NGO & China. So we have Papadopoulos meeting with shady characters like Mifsud & Millian after joining Team Trump from March 2016, including Alexander Downer, the Australian High Commissioner a in the UK on May 4 (according to NYT). [5] Papadopoulos apparently never discloses these meetings to Team Trump back in the USA, however. I find that EXTREMELY odd in itself. Anyway, the NYT article says: ‘About three weeks earlier, Mr. Papadopoulos had been told that Moscow had thousands of emails that would embarrass Mrs. Clinton, apparently stolen in an effort to try to damage her campaign..’ So, early April. Yes, that’s when Papadopoulos met the shady characters. Interestingly, the NYT article says that Mifsud gave Papadopoulos the Clinton gossip in ‘late April’. Whatever, the story is Papa told Downer that on 4 May while drunk (yeah right). Then Downer didn’t tell anyone, apparently, until two months later (July). Another thing that’s quite odd, as Downer was a great friend of the Clinton’s and also he knew Papadopoulos was part of Team Trump. But he told no-one. Again, sure, that sounds believable. NOT! From the NYT: ‘But two months later, when leaked Democratic emails began appearing online, Australian officials passed the information about Mr. Papadopoulos to their American counterparts..’ Remember, this BS has been invented AFTER the fact to cover up the crime. And hey presto, in early August our heroes at the FBI dispatch Peter Strzok, noble defender of the Republic, to ‘interview’ ‘George’ and someone at the oldest continuously staffed embassy in London. Australia House. Wonder who it was? Now Papadopoulos didn’t leave the Trump team, until at least mid-late September 2016. This means the rogue FBI crew KNEW Papadopoulos was on the Trump campaign team the whole time, from at least August 1 to when he left. I have no doubt that Comey’s crooks were spying on Team Trump – and also that they had Papadopoulos, a plant, wired up. Another thing that causes concern. Robert Mueller. If you go to his Statement of Offense in the Papadopoulos indictment, you will find absolutely no reference to ‘the Professor’ being a UK Intel asset, not to the FBI investigation, not to the meeting with Strzok, not to the meeting with Downer. Nothing. It’s all ‘Russia’. But Mueller MUST have known all this, unless he was totally incompetent. It seems inconceivable to me that George could have hidden it while being questioned by experienced FBI agents. He’s just not that smart. So why no mention at all of these things in the indictment? It seems strange. But don’t throw Mueller under the bus quite yet. Let’s return to Peter Strzok. Here’s a thing many aren’t aware of. How long did Mueller keep Strzok on his team? He was appointed in early/mid July 2017. [6] He was gone within 6 weeks. Why? Official story – the OIG (Horowitz) gave Mueller the texts between Strzok & Page. Likelier story – Mueller has been working with Horowitz, from the moment his SC started. And knew ALL about Peter Strzok. Mueller firing the crook made it MUCH easier to demote Strzok within the FBI. Remember, Andrew McCabe was in charge at that time (amazing isn’t it?). He was hardly going to fire or demote Strzok, was he? And the MSM were hardy going to object to their hero Bob Mueller. That’s how I’m seeing it. To demote Strzok within the FBI, Sessions and Horowitz used Mueller. A plan Mueller is fully part of. But what about the indictment? Again, Mueller may not want to show his hand about what he knows – and is really investigating. By indicting Papa on ‘muh lying’ charges and getting the guy to co-operate on a plea deal, he can investigate everything Papadopoulos was up to with all the key actors. Such as Mifsud, Millian, Steele, Simpson, Downer. What Papadopoulos was offered to help Hillary & Obama in their wretched sedition. Others, we may not know of. And of course, Peter Strzok. On 1 August, in London. ADDENDUM : [7] [7.1] THREAD: some context on Strzok meetings in London on Aug 2, 2016. on July 29, Strzok asked Lisa if she had discussed “new case” with McCabe. On Sat Jul 30, ignorant Lisa Page summarizes Russian literature, music and art (Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Tschaikovsky, Shostakovich,,,,) as “couple of good writers and artists”. Strzok wonders if his mistress can arrange to go to London with him. On Sun July 31, Strzok sent notorious email that “damn, this feels momentous. Because this matters”. He’s then headed towards London meetings, almost certainly about supposed Trump collusion. On Mon Aug 1, Lisa informed Strzok that McCabe had arranged POC [point of contact with US government] in London when he needed it. On Tue, Aug 2, Lisa inquired at 12:04 UTC about Strzok’s morning meeting. Details redacted. Lisa was impressed though: “Whoa.” She reminded Strzok to make sure he can “lawfully” conceal (“protect”) information from congress, FOIA. Strzok wasn’t worried. Aug 2 afternoon: Strzok is about to interview someone interesting – name redacted. Aug 2 evening: Strzok sends Lisa a “lot to read”. Recalls some details from interview that he hadn’t remembered. Ponders that he needed to jot them down. Another redacted comment. Aug 3 wee hours UTC. UK has asked that they not “disclose identities” outside the FBI, raising questions about DOJ disclosure. Lengthy redaction. Strzok is back in Washington by evening Aug 3. Lisa tells Strzok to call “George” [Toscas of DOJ] before he comes in to FBI. More details over next few days. Skip to Aug 11. Strzok being pestered by reporter who’s been tipped off [by Steele and Fusion] on inquiry. Strzok dumbfounded at what they are “SERIOUSLY LOOKING AT”. Points decisively (IMO) to Steele memos, not innocuous Papadop story. Details leaked by Harry Reid from Brennan briefing (fabricated story of Carter Page meeting with Sechin identifiable in details) also points to Steele dossier Some online speculation that “George” in these Strzok texts points to Papadopolous. This has grabbed wrong end of stick. George met with Lisa in Washington and, from other information, is George Toscas of DOJ, who is mentioned frequently as coordinating with FBI. George Toscas had important cameo in election. He caught McCabe trying to slow-walk Weiner emails until after election (without even telling Comey). He made McCabe tell Comey, who got rattled by subterfuge and made famous announcement. Returning to narrative on August 3. Strzok had 4:00 pm meeting which was “Not Helpful”. Text times appear to be UTM (-4) i.e. text is at 5:38 pm EDT. Thu Aug 4 – texts anomalously silent (only 2). What’s missing? Strzok reported in early AM that briefing of Bill [Priestap] went well. On Thu evening (remember UTM times), Strzok and Lisa discuss whether Strzok should go to Friday meeting. Lisa discourages him on grounds that meeting is not important. Thu evening Aug 5: Strzok and Lisa discuss classic bureaucratic turf war – which agency gets to bring more people to meeting and who goes to who. Meeting is prob DOJ. Strzok worries that they will have more people, who will sit and take notes. Thinks about rescheduling. Fri Aug 5 morning (UTM-4 hrs): Strzok’s meeting, presumably reporting on London, now has over 10 people, incl FBI General Counsel James Baker and 4 OGC [Office of General Counsel] attorneys Fri Aug 5 2:30 pm: Strzok reports that meeting with lawyers went “well, best we could have expected”. REDACTED told him that “the White House is runnin this” (!!!). A very early appearance of White House which supposedly stayed out of FBI investigations. Lisa mentions email Would be interesting to see Lisa’s email saying “otherwise” i.e. that White House not running this. Strzok goes to meet boss Bill [Priestap] ~5 pm, who was “FREAKING out”, perhaps about their earlier meeting with [DOJ]. Sat Aug 6. mostly unrelated, complain about FBI email system. Strzok gives Lisa some advice on what to say to McCabe, described as having “limited bandwidth” about a really bad memo. Sir Humphreyesque: “l’m not sure l found that as compelling as you did”, reading Strzok-Page texts as a whole, there are a LOT of texts about career advancement. Here Strzok carries a grudge because his then supervisor Giacalone appears to have cost Strzok 5 months of posting at a higher job rating because he was busy on other matters. after griping about Giacolone, there is notorious Aug 6 exchange in which Lisa tells Strzok “maybe you’re meant to stay-where you are because you’re meant to protect the country from that men”. Strzok back from London only 3 days before. the two lovers are text quiet through Sunday day Aug 7. Only two peripheral texts. ‘ Mon Aug 8. Prep for Aug 10 White House session: internal joint cyber piece for Comey, scenesetter for REDACTED. A REDACTED “directed all the cyber info be pulled” . Didn’t make sense to Strzok who let Bill [Priestap] and Jim [Baker?] hammer out first. Mon Aug 8. sparse texts here, aft: Lisa talking to REDACTED about Strzok. 11:30 pm: Strzok worries about Trump becoming president. “right? Right?!” Early morning Tuesday (6 am), Lisa asks about Trump comment. TO BE CONTINUED…. SOURCES: [1] Twitter – Vachel Lindsay [2] Twitter – Vachel Lindsay [2.1] Twitter [2.2] UK.Embassy [3] Twitter – Imperator Rex [4] Twitter – Vachel Lindsay [4.1] Twitter – Elizabeth Lea Vos [4.2] Disobedient Media [4.3] ZeroHedge [4.4a] Decipher.you.com [4.4b] Disobedient Media [4.5] Twitter – Julian Assange [4.5a] Politico [4.5b] BBC archive link [4.5c] Univ of Stirling archive link [4.5d] News.com.uk [4.5e] IBTimes [4.5f] FoxNews [4.5g] BBC [4.5h] Twitter – WikiLeaks [4.5i] NYTimes [4.5j] Washington Post [4.6] GeoDiplomatics archive link [4.7] Washington Post archive link [4.8] Linkin – Claire Smith [4.9] Disobedient Media [4.10] ZeroHedge [4.11] Twitter Kyle Olbert archive link [5] NYTimes [6] CNN [7] Twitter – Vachel Lindsay [7.1] Twitter – Stephen McIntyre

Silage fermentation and ruminal degradation of stylo prepared with lactic acid bacteria and cellulase. In order to improve the silage fermentation of stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) in tropical areas, stylo silages were prepared with commercial additives Lactobacillus plantarum Chikuso-1 (CH1), L. rhamnasus Snow Lact L (SN), Acremonium cellulase (CE) and their combination as SN+CE or CH1 + CE, and the fermentation quality, chemical composition and ruminal degradation of these silages were studied. Stylo silages treated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or cellulase, the pH value and NH3 -N ⁄ total-N were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased while the ruminal degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom) and acid detergent fiber (ADFom) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared to control. Compared to LAB or cellulase-treated silages, the DM, CP contents and relative feed value (RFV), and the ruminal degradability in LAB plus cellulase-treated silages were significantly (P < 0.05) higher, but the aNDFom content was significantly (P < 0.05) lower. CH1 + CE treatment was more effective in silage fermentation and ruminal degradation than SN+CE treatment. The results confirmed that LAB or LAB plus cellulase treatment could improve the fermentation quality, chemical composition and ruminal degradation of stylo silage. Moreover, the combined treatment with LAB and cellulase may have beneficial synergistic effects on ruminal degradation.

1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to apparatus for training athletes in improving skills in reflex, speed and accuracy. 2. Brief Description of the Prior Art There have been known in the prior art apparatuses which make use of mechanical and electronic devices to train athletes in improving certain skills in certain specific sports. Indicative of such apparatuses are described in the following U.S. Pat. Nos.: 4,169,592, 4,461,475, and Germany Pat. No. 2,725,662. There has been little development in training apparatus for improving athlete's skills in reflex, speed and accuracy for all sports. It is, therefore, an object of this invention to provide a new training apparatus for athletes in improving skills in reflex, speed and accuracy for all sports. It is another object of this invention to provide a training apparatus for athletes having electronic devices which may be easily and economically made for all athletes. It is an additional object of this invention to provide a training apparatus for athletes providing electrically and electronically enhanced responses to the action of the players. It is still a further object of this invention to provide a simple apparatus for people of all ages to enjoy exercise with amusement either indoor or outdoor.

Q: Use JavaScript to get selectedIndex from an innerHTML text string What I have is this object.innerHTML which is this: <TABLE > <TBODY> <TR> <TD > <IMG id=ctl00_Def_ctl00_ucXXXControl_gvGridName_ctl00_ctl05_imgXYZError src="etc/exclamation.png"> </TD> <TD> <SELECT id=ctl00_Def_ctl00_ucXXXControl_ctl00_ctl05_rcb123 name=ctl00$Def$ctl00$ucXXXControl$gvGridName$ctl00$ctl05$rcb123> <OPTION value=0></OPTION> <OPTION value=1>703</OPTION> <OPTION value=3>704</OPTION> <OPTION value=4>801</OPTION> <OPTION value=5>802</OPTION> (etc) </SELECT> </TD> </TR> </TBODY> </TABLE> I need to know how to, via JavaScript, work with that innerHTML text blob. How would I get the "selectedIndex" of my select element? More painful details, if you want this part: I am working with a RadGrid control (from Telerik) and using the 'in-line' editing option. So this grid contains X rows, with each row having X cells. The contents of the cells are the issue. Each cell contains "stuff". Some contain a simple "input" element, etc, but one I need to work with contains a table definition, that itself contains 1 row with 2 cells. One cell has an image, the other cell has a dropdown list, i.e. a "select" element. My issue is I have used the RadGrid client API set so I can drill down to the cell. At this point they don't really offer (that I can find) any way to work with the contents of that cell... probably because the contents can be anything. So I need to figure out how to work with this HTML string. Still new to jQuery and JavaScript... I really just want to cast the string as a table object and then run a jQuery selector against that object... but JavaScript doesn't really work that directly... from what I can tell so far. :( A: OK, the idea I had right after the post ended up being what I used, which is what shoebox639 suggested as well. I put the code to pull out the required clientID into a helper method: //**************************************************************************************** //* Find a requested control's clientID as the first parm passed in from a string //* passed in as the second parm. //**************************************************************************************** function locateClientID(requestedClientID, HTML_StringToSearch) { var returnValue = ""; //If we have something to search for and something to search in, do so. Null or "" will fail this check. if (requestedClientID && HTML_StringToSearch) { //Find the starting point of the string starting with "id=", then any number of other letters, numbers, // or underscores, then ending in the specified "requestedClientID" parm value. We add three to offset // the "id+" part of the search string, which we don't want in the results, but include to locate value. var startingPoint = HTML_StringToSearch.search("id=[a-z0-9A-Z_]*" + requestedClientID) + 3; //If we found a valid starting point, i.e. NOT -1, then continue processing the string. if (startingPoint > -1) { //Now that we know where our clientID for the requested control starts in the passed in string, // find the ending " " so we know how much to substr off to pull out the requested client id. var endingPoint = HTML_StringToSearch.indexOf(" ", startingPoint); //The endingPoint could be -1 if there is no space after the "id" property, but all the examples // I have seen have more attributes after. //substr out the clientID and return it to the caller. returnValue = HTML_StringToSearch.substr(startingPoint, (endingPoint - startingPoint)); } } return returnValue; } //***************************************************************************************** So in my case I would pass in the rcb123 as the first parm, and the innerHTML string blob as the second value, and the function would return the clientID value. After getting the clientID back, I just do another jQuery method call using that: function cv123_Validate(sender, eventArgs) { //Get a ref to the radGrid's collection of rows. var gvRadGridNameRows = $find("<%= gvRadGridName.ClientID %>").MasterTableView.get_dataItems(); var innerHTML; var foundClientID; var errorImage; var rcb123; //Process every row in the radGrid. for (var row = 0; row < gvRadGridNameRows.length; row++){ //Get the cell in question's innerHTML value. innerHTML = gvRadGridNameRows.get_cell("uniqueCellName").innerHTML; //Get ref to the 'error image'. errorImage = $("#" + locateClientID("imgHUDError", innerHTML)); //locate the unique clientID of the rcb123 in this row. foundClientID = locateClientID("rcb123", innerHTML); //Use the found unique clientID with jQuery to get a ref to the dropdown list. rcb123 = $("#" + foundClientID)[0]; //If the dropdown list's selected index is 0 or less AND the control is NOT // disabled, active the single error message tied to this custom validator // and show the 'error image' next to the control. if (rcb123.selectedIndex < 1 && rcb123.isDisabled != true) { errorImage.css("height", 12); eventArgs.IsValid = false; } else //Otherwise, hide the error image. { errorImage.css("height", 0); } } } I'm still testing various examples, and looking for any holes other than those noted, but for my purposes this works well. I created the helper routine because I also manipulate the image in the innerHTML blob as well. The idea was to put an 'error image' next to each control in the grid for a visual ref to where the error was, but only add ONE error message to the errorSummary control, instead of X repeated error messages which I got when simply embedding a required field validator along side the dropdown list. (my BA group didn't like that...) Hope this helps somebody out.

Such operation is characterized by the production in the anode circuit of water, nitrogen diffusing through the membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment, as well as possibly impurities initially present in the hydrogen and which tend to concentrate. So as to maintain optimum operating conditions, water, nitrogen and impurities are eliminated by proceeding generally to regular purges of the hydrogen circuit. The frequency of the necessary purges depends on the characteristics of the cell as well as the operating cycles and can range from several seconds to several minutes. One of the operating characteristic of such cells is also to leave, at the outlet of the anode circuit, a residual quantity of unconsumed hydrogen which is thus lost if the elimination of water, nitrogen and impurities is carried out by periodic purges. So as to avoid a loss of hydrogen, the prior art ensured a recirculation of the mixture from the outlet of the anode compartment to reinject it at the inlet of the same compartment of the cell. Such a reinjection ensures continued mixing of the gases and improves the operation in the presence of impurities and nitrogen but however does not solve the problem of recovery of the water which is to be recovered so as to promote the hydraulic balance of the operation, particularly to ensure moistening and/or cooling of the cells. The choice of proceeding with recirculation of the mixture requires using particular technical means and, particularly, the presence of a circulator which constitutes a rotary machine that is relatively complicated and subject to sensitive operating conditions, particularly in the presence of liquid water. Such a rotary machine constitutes costly equipment, requiring substantial maintenance and, as a result, substantially increasing the purchase price as well as the operating cost of a fuel cell. Moreover, it has been noted that the recirculation of mixture does not always improve the conditions effective to eliminate water, particularly when the speed of the principal gaseous mixture is not sufficient. This drawback could be overcome at least in part by subjecting the mixture to more rapid recirculation, but then the problems inherent in the presence of the circulator proportionately increase. No matter what the operational conditions described above, it is moreover always necessary to have a particularly effective phase separator so as to be able to ensure the separation of the water. However, such a separator constitutes a relatively burdensome accessory, occupying a substantial volume and giving rise to problems of inertia in the case of stopping or starting the operation of a fuel cell.

I bought this as a gift for my nephew at my wedding (I'm hoping it will give him something to do besides make noise and be bored!) He loves the Rescue Bots, so I am hoping that he enjoys this coloring book! My nephews ages 5 & 7 aren't much for books, but being the Rescue Bot fans they are, they loved this book. They started coloring right away and then sat in the tire swing with their dad paging through the coloring book talking about Rescue Bots. I was happy seeing them engaged with a "book." Delight your Paw Patrol fan with this Paw Patrol Coloring Book Super Set -- 2 coloring books, over 30 Paw Patrol stickers and a pack of jumbo toddler Paw Patrol crayons! Paw Patrol coloring and activity book playset, fun with Marshall, Skye and all of the other favorite Paw Patrol characters. This Delight your Curious George fan with this Curious George Coloring and Activity Book Set with Crayola Crayons! Coloring and activity fun with Curious George! This Curious George coloring book will provide many hours of fun with games, puzzles, mazes and coloring activities. Jumbo Curious George Little heroes can imagine racing to the rescue with one of their favorite Autobots. Sized right for little hands, the Bumblebee figure converts from robot mode to race car mode. Pull back on Bumblebee the race car to make it go! Little ones can help Bumblebee roll to the rescue. Robots and humans

Afferent lymph dendritic cells: a model for antigen capture and presentation in vivo. We review the phenotypic and functional properties of sheep afferent lymph dendritic cells. These dendritic cells bear surface immunoglobulin and can acquire antigen/antibody complexes, both in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest a role for Fc receptors in the capture of antigen by these cells. Dendritic cells collected after in vivo antigen pulsing are capable of stimulating T cell proliferation in an antigen-specific manner. Afferent dendritic cells express all the known groups of presentational molecules involved in activation of T cells, namely MHC class I and class II, and CD1. These results suggest a role for afferent dendritic cells in the activation of alpha beta and gamma delta T cells.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE xml> <odoo> <!--Template for hotel reservation --> <template id="report_maxroom_qweb"> <t t-call="report.html_container"> <t t-foreach="docs" t-as="o"> <t t-call="report.external_layout"> <div class="page"> <t t-name="report.external_layout_header"> <div class="header"> <div class="row zero_min_height"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <div style="border-bottom: 1px solid black;" /> </div> </div> </div> </t> <div class="row"> <h2> <span> <center>Max Room Used List</center> </span> </h2> </div> <div class="row mt32 mb32"> <div class="text-center"> <strong>From:</strong> <span t-esc="data['date_start']" /> <strong>To:</strong> <span t-esc="data['date_end']" /> </div> </div> <table class="table table-condensed"> <tr> <td> <strong>Room No</strong> </td> <td> <strong>No of Times used</strong> </td> </tr> <tr t-foreach="get_data" t-as="info"> <td> <table t-foreach="info.reservation_line" t-as="line"> <tr t-foreach="line.reserve" t-as="o"> <td> <span t-field="o.name" /> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td> <table t-foreach="get_room_used_detail" t-as="line"> <tr> <td> <span t-esc="info.get('no_of_times_used','')" /> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </t> </t> </t> </template> </odoo>

/* ODE tests - Second order linear equations 1-100 Reference: E Kamke, Differentialgleichungen Losungsmethoden und Losungen, Vol 1, Geest & Portig, Leipzig, 1961 */ /* Print ode number*/ (pn_(n_):=print("Kamke ODE 2.",n_),true); true; /* Kamke 2. 1 */ (pn_(1),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2),y,x)); [y=%k2*x+%k1]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; constcoeff; /* Kamke 2. 2 */ (pn_(2),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+y,y,x)); [y=%k1*sin(x)+%k2*cos(x)]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; constcoeff; /* Kamke 2. 3 */ (pn_(3),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+y-sin(n*x),y,x)); [y=-sin(n*x)/(n^2-1)+%k1*sin(x)+%k2*cos(x)]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; variationofparameters; /* Kamke 2. 4 */ (pn_(4),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+y-a*cos(b*x),y,x)); [y=-a*cos(b*x)/(b^2-1)+%k1*sin(x)+%k2*cos(x)]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; variationofparameters; /* Kamke 2. 5 */ (pn_(5),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+y-sin(a*x)*sin(b*x),y,x)); [y=((b^2-2*a*b+a^2-1)*cos((b+a)*x)+(-b^2-2*a*b-a^2+1)*cos((b-a)*x))/(2*b^4+(-4*a^2-4)*b^2+2*a^4-4*a^2+2)+%k1*sin(x)+%k2*cos(x)]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [variationofparameters,0]; /* Kamke 2. 6 */ (pn_(6),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-y,y,x)); [y=%k1*%e^x+%k2*%e^-x]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; constcoeff; /* Kamke 2. 7 */ (pn_(7),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-2*y-4*x^2*%e^x^2,y,x)); [y=%e^x^2+%k1*%e^(2^(1/2)*x)+%k2*%e^-(2^(1/2)*x)]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; variationofparameters; /* Kamke 2. 8 CHECKME */ assume(a>0); [a>0]; (pn_(8),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+a^2*y-cot(a*x),y,x)); [y = -((sin(a*x)*log(cos(a*x)+1)-sin(a*x)*log(cos(a*x)-1))/(2*a^2)) +%k1*sin(a*x)+%k2*cos(a*x)]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [variationofparameters,0]; forget(a>0); [a>0]; /* Kamke 2. 9 */ assume(l>0); [l>0]; (pn_(9),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+l*y,y,x)); [y=%k1*sin(sqrt(l)*x)+%k2*cos(sqrt(l)*x)]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; constcoeff; forget(l>0); [l>0]; /* Kamke 2. 10 */ (pn_(10),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(a*x+b)*y,y,x)); [y = bessel_y(1/3,2*(a*x+b)^(3/2)/(3*abs(a)))*%k2*sqrt(a*x+b) + bessel_j(1/3,2*(a*x+b)^(3/2)/(3*abs(a)))*%k1*sqrt(a*x+b)]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 11 */ (pn_(11),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-(x^2+1)*y,y,x)); [y = %k2*%e^(x^2/2)*erf(x)+%k1*%e^(x^2/2)]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 12 */ (pn_(12),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-(x^2+a)*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = (%k2*kummer_u(-(a-1)/4,1/2,-x^2)*%e^(x^2/2)*sqrt(abs(x)))/sqrt(-x) + (%k1*kummer_m(-(a-1)/4,1/2,-x^2)*%e^(x^2/2)*sqrt(abs(x)))/sqrt(-x)]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 13 */ (pn_(13),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-(a^2*x^2+a)*y,y,x)); [y = %k2*%e^(a*x^2/2)*erf(sqrt(a)*x)+%k1*%e^(a*x^2/2)]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 14 */ (pn_(14),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-c*x^a*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 15 */ (pn_(15),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-(a^2*x^(2*n)-1)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 16 */ (pn_(16),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(a*x^(2*c)+b*x^(c-1))*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 17 */ (pn_(17),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(%e^(2*x)-v^2)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 18 */ (pn_(18),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+a*%e^(b*x)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 19 */ (pn_(19),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-(4*a^2*b^2*x^2*%e^(2*b*x^2)-1)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 20 */ (pn_(20),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(a*%e^(2*x)+b*%e^x+c)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 21 */ (pn_(21),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(a*cos(x)^2+b)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 22 */ (pn_(22),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(a*cos(2*x)+b)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 23 */ (pn_(23),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(a*cos(x)^2+b)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 24 */ (pn_(24),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-(2*tan(x)^2+1)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 25 */ (pn_(25),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-((n-1)*n/sin(x)^2+(m-1)*m/cos(x)^2+a)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 26 */ (pn_(26),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-y*(B+p(x)*A),y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 27 */ (pn_(27),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(a*jacobi_sn(x,m)^2+b)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 28 */ (pn_(28),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-('diff(p(x),x,4)/30+7*'diff(p(x),x,2)/3+a*p(x)+b)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 29 */ (pn_(29),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-('diff(f(x),x,1)+f(x)^2)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 30 */ (pn_(30),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(P(x)+l)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 31 */ (pn_(31),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-f(x)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 32 */ (pn_(32),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+('diff(g(x),x,3)/(2*'diff(g(x),x,1))-3*('diff(g(x),x,2))^2/(4*('diff(g(x),x,1))^2)+(1/4-v^2)*('diff(g(x),x,1))^2/g(x)+('diff(g(x),x,1))^2)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 33 */ (pn_(33),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+'diff(y,x,1)+a*%e^-(2*x)*y,y,x)); [y=%k2*cos(sqrt(a)*%e^-x)-%k1*sin(sqrt(a)*%e^-x)]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; xformtoconstcoeff; /* Kamke 2. 34 */ (pn_(34),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-'diff(y,x,1)+%e^(2*x)*y,y,x)); [y=%k1*sin(%e^x)+%k2*cos(%e^x)]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; xformtoconstcoeff; /* Kamke 2. 35 */ assume(a^2>4*b); [a^2>4*b]; (pn_(35),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+a*'diff(y,x,1)+b*y,y,x)); [y=%k1*%e^((sqrt(a^2-4*b)-a)*x/2)+%k2*%e^((-sqrt(a^2-4*b)-a)*x/2)]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; constcoeff; forget(a^2>4*b); [a^2>4*b]; /* Kamke 2. 36 */ assume(a^2>4*b); [a^2>4*b]; (pn_(36),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+a*'diff(y,x,1)+b*y-f(x),y,x),0); /* [y=-%e^(-sqrt(a^2-4*b)*x/2-a*x/2)*('integrate(%e^(sqrt(a^2-4*b)*x/2+a*x/2)*f(x),x)-%e^(sqrt(a^2-4*b)*x)*'integrate(%e^(a*x/2-sqrt(a^2-4*b)*x/2)*f(x),x))/sqrt(a^2-4*b)+%k1*%e^((sqrt(a^2-4*b)-a)*x/2)+%k2*%e^((-sqrt(a^2-4*b)-a)*x/2)]; */ 0$ ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0$ method; variationofparameters; forget(a^2>4*b); [a^2>4*b]; /* Kamke 2. 37 */ (pn_(37),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+a*'diff(y,x,1)+(-b^2*x^2-c)*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = (%k2*kummer_u(-(4*c-4*b+a^2)/(16*b),1/2,-b*x^2) *%e^((b*x^2)/2-(a*x)/2)*sqrt(abs(x)))/sqrt(-x) +(%k1*kummer_m(-(4*c-4*b+a^2)/(16*b),1/2,-b*x^2) *%e^((b*x^2)/2-(a*x)/2)*sqrt(abs(x)))/sqrt(-x)]$ */ [method,ode_check(eqn,expand(ans[1]))]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 38 */ (pn_(38),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+2*a*'diff(y,x,1)+f(x)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 39 */ (pn_(39),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+x*'diff(y,x,1)+y,y,x)); [y=%k2*%e^-(x^2/2)-sqrt(2)*sqrt(%pi)*%i*%k1*%e^-(x^2/2)*erf(%i*x/sqrt(2))/2]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; exact; /* Kamke 2. 40 */ (pn_(40),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+x*'diff(y,x,1)-y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = kummer_u(0,3/2,-x^2/2)*%k2*x+kummer_m(0,3/2,-x^2/2)*%k1*x]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 41 */ (pn_(41),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+x*'diff(y,x,1)+(n+1)*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = %k2*kummer_u(n/2+1/2,1/2,-(x^2/2)) +%k1*kummer_m(n/2+1/2,1/2,-(x^2/2))]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 42 */ (pn_(42),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+x*'diff(y,x,1)-n*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = %k2*kummer_u(-n/2,1/2,-x^2/2) +%k1*kummer_m(-n/2,1/2,-x^2/2)]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 43 */ (pn_(43),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-x*'diff(y,x,1)+2*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = kummer_u(2,3/2,-x^2/2)*%k2*x*%e^(x^2/2) +kummer_m(2,3/2,-x^2/2)*%k1*x*%e^(x^2/2)]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 44 */ (pn_(44),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-x*'diff(y,x,1)-a*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = %k2*kummer_u(1/2-(a/2),1/2,-(x^2/2))*%e^(x^2/2) +%k1*kummer_m(1/2-(a/2),1/2,-(x^2/2))*%e^(x^2/2)]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 45 */ (pn_(45),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-x*'diff(y,x,1)+(x-1)*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = %k2*%e^(x-2)*erf(%i*x/sqrt(2)-2*%i/sqrt(2))+%k1*%e^x]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 46 */ (pn_(46),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-2*x*'diff(y,x,1)+a*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = %k2*kummer_u(a/4+1/2,1/2,-x^2)*%e^x^2 +%k1*kummer_m(a/4+1/2,1/2,-x^2)*%e^x^2]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 47 */ (pn_(47),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+4*x*'diff(y,x,1)+(4*x^2+2)*y,y,x)); [y = %k2*x*%e^-x^2+%k1*%e^-x^2]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 48 */ (pn_(48),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-4*x*'diff(y,x,1)+(3*x^2+2*n-1)*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = %k2*kummer_u(n/2+1/2,1/2,-x^2)*%e^(3*x^2/2) +%k1*kummer_m(n/2+1/2,1/2,-x^2)*%e^(3*x^2/2)]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 49 */ (pn_(49),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-4*x*'diff(y,x,1)+(4*x^2-1)*y-%e^x,y,x)); [y = (sqrt(%pi)*((%e^x^2*sin((2*x-1)/2)-%i*%e^x^2*cos((2*x-1)/2)) *erf((2*x+%i-1)/2) +(%e^x^2*sin((2*x-1)/2)+%i*%e^x^2*cos((2*x-1)/2)) *erf((2*x-%i-1)/2))) /4 +%k2*%e^x^2*sin(x)+%k1*%e^x^2*cos(x)]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [kovacic,0]; /* Kamke 2. 50 */ (pn_(50),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-4*x*'diff(y,x,1)+(4*x^2-2)*y,y,x)); [y = %k2*x*%e^x^2+%k1*%e^x^2]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 51 */ (pn_(51),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-4*x*'diff(y,x,1)+(4*x^2-3)*y-%e^x^2,y,x)); [y = %k2*%e^(x^2+x)+%k1*%e^(x^2-x)-%e^x^2]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [kovacic,0]; /* Kamke 2. 52 */ (pn_(52),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+a*x*'diff(y,x,1)+b*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = %k2*kummer_u(b/(2*a),1/2,-a*x^2/2) +%k1*kummer_m(b/(2*a),1/2,-a*x^2/2)]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 53 */ (pn_(53),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+2*a*x*'diff(y,x,1)+a^2*x^2*y,y,x)); [y = %k2*%e^(sqrt(a)*x-(a*x^2/2))+%k1*%e^(-(a*x^2/2)-sqrt(a)*x)]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 54 */ /* CHECKME: Takes a long time (pn_(54),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(a*x+b)*'diff(y,x,1)+(c*x+d)*y,y,x)); false; */ /* Kamke 2. 55 */ /* CHECKME: Takes a long time (pn_(55),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(a*x+b)*'diff(y,x,1)+(a1*x^2+b1*x+c_1)*y,y,x)); false; */ /* Kamke 2. 56 */ (pn_(56),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-x^2*'diff(y,x,1)+x*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = kummer_u(1,2/3,-x^3/3)*%k2*%e^(x^3/3) +kummer_m(1,2/3,-x^3/3)*%k1*%e^(x^3/3)]; */ [method, ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 57 */ (pn_(57),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-x^2*'diff(y,x,1)-(x+1)^2*y,y,x)); [y=%k2*%e^(x^3/3+x)*'integrate(%e^(-(x^3/3)-2*x),x)+%k1*%e^(x^3/3+x)]; [method, ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 58 */ (pn_(58),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-x^2*(x+1)*'diff(y,x,1)+x*(x^4-2)*y,y,x)); [y = %k2*%e^(x^3/3)*'integrate(%e^(x^4/4-x^3/3),x)+%k1*%e^(x^3/3)]; [method, ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 59 */ (pn_(59),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+x^4*'diff(y,x,1)-x^3*y,y,x)); [y = kummer_u(0,6/5,-x^5/5)*%k2*x+kummer_m(0,6/5,-x^5/5)*%k1*x]; [method, ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 60 */ /* CHECKME: Takes a long time (pn_(60),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+a*x^(q-1)*'diff(y,x,1)+b*x^(q-2)*y,y,x)); false; */ /* Kamke 2. 61 */ (pn_(61),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+sqrt(x)*'diff(y,x,1)+(x/4+1/(4*sqrt(x))-9)*y-x*%e^-(x^(3/2)/3),y,x)); [y=(-(x*%e^-(x^(3/2)/3))/9)+%k2*%e^(3*x-x^(3/2)/3)+%k1*%e^((-x^(3/2)/3)-3*x)]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [kovacic,0]; /* Kamke 2. 62 */ (pn_(62),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-'diff(y,x,1)/sqrt(x)+(x+sqrt(x)-8)*y/(4*x^2),y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 63 */ (pn_(63),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-(2*%e^x+1)*'diff(y,x,1)+%e^(2*x)*y-%e^(3*x),y,x)); [y=(%k2*%e^x+%k1)*%e^%e^x+%e^x+2]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; variationofparameters; /* Kamke 2. 64 */ assume(a^2>4*b); [a^2>4*b]; (pn_(64),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+a*'diff(y,x,1)+b*y+tan(x),y,x),0); 0$ /* [y=%e^(-sqrt(a^2-4*b)*x/2-a*x/2)*('integrate(%e^(sqrt(a^2-4*b)*x/2+a*x/2)*tan(x),x)-%e^(sqrt(a^2-4*b)*x)*'integrate(%e^(a*x/2-sqrt(a^2-4*b)*x/2)*tan(x),x))/sqrt(a^2-4*b)+%k1*%e^((sqrt(a^2-4*b)-a)*x/2)+%k2*%e^((-sqrt(a^2-4*b)-a)*x/2)]; */ ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; variationofparameters; forget(a^2>4*b); [a^2>4*b]; /* Kamke 2. 65 */ (pn_(65),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+2*n*cot(x)*'diff(y,x,1)+(n^2-a^2)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 66 */ (pn_(66),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+tan(x)*'diff(y,x,1)+cos(x)^2*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 67 */ (pn_(67),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+tan(x)*'diff(y,x,1)-cos(x)^2*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 68 */ (pn_(68),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+cot(x)*'diff(y,x,1)+v*(v+1)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 69 */ (pn_(69),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-cot(x)*'diff(y,x,1)+sin(x)^2*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 70 */ (pn_(70),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+a*tan(x)*'diff(y,x,1)+b*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 71 */ (pn_(71),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+2*a*cot(a*x)*'diff(y,x,1)+(b^2-a^2)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 72 */ (pn_(72),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+a*'diff(p(x),x,2)*'diff(y,x,1)+(-4*a*n*p(x)^2+b*p(x)+a)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 73 */ (pn_(73),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+('diff(p(x),x,3)-'diff(p(x),x,2)-p(x)*'diff(p(x),x,1))*'diff(y,x,1)/('diff(p(x),x,1)+p(x)^2)+(-p(x)*'diff(p(x),x,2)+('diff(p(x),x,1))^2-p(x)^2*'diff(p(x),x,1))*y/('diff(p(x),x,1)+p(x)^2),y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 74 */ (pn_(74),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+m*jacobi_cn(x,m)*jacobi_sn(x,m)*'diff(y,x,1)/jacobi_dn(x,m)+n^2*jacobi_dn(x,m)^2*y,y,x)); [y = %k1*sin(n*asin(jacobi_sn(x,m)))+%k2*cos(n*asin(jacobi_sn(x,m)))]; method; xformtoconstcoeff; /* solution satisfies the ODE for a few random values of the variables */ /* Kamke 2. 75 */ (pn_(75),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+f(x)*'diff(y,x,1)+g(x)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 76 */ (pn_(76),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+f(x)*'diff(y,x,1)+('diff(f(x),x,1)+a)*y-g(x),y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 77 */ (pn_(77),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+(a*f(x)+b)*'diff(y,x,1)+(c*f(x)+d)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 78 */ (pn_(78),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+f(x)*'diff(y,x,1)+('diff(f(x),x,1)/2+f(x)^2/4+a)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 79 */ (pn_(79),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-a*'diff(f(x),x,1)*'diff(y,x,1)/f(x)+b*f(x)^(2*a)*y,y,x)); [y=%k1*sin(sqrt(b)*'integrate(f(x)^a,x))+%k2*cos(sqrt(b)*'integrate(f(x)^a,x))]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; xformtoconstcoeff; /* Kamke 2. 80 */ (pn_(80),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-('diff(f(x),x,1)/f(x)+2*a)*'diff(y,x,1)+(a*'diff(f(x),x,1)/f(x)-b^2*f(x)^2+a^2)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 81 */ (pn_(81),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)+f(x)*'diff(f(x),x,3)*'diff(y,x,1)/(f(x)^2+b^2)-a^2*('diff(f(x),x,1))^2*y/(f(x)^2+b^2),y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 82 */ (pn_(82),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-('diff(g(x),x,2)/'diff(g(x),x,1)+(2*m-1)*'diff(g(x),x,1)/g(x))*'diff(y,x,1)+((m^2-v^2)*('diff(g(x),x,1))^2/g(x)+('diff(g(x),x,1))^2)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 83 */ (pn_(83),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-'diff(f(x),x,1)*'diff(y,x,1)/f(x)+('diff(g(x),x,3)/(2*'diff(g(x),x,1))-3*('diff(g(x),x,2))^2/(4*('diff(g(x),x,1))^2)+(1/4-v^2)*('diff(g(x),x,1))^2/g(x)^2+('diff(g(x),x,1))^2-'diff(f(x),x,2)/(2*f(x))+3*('diff(f(x),x,1))^2/(4*f(x)^2))*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 84 */ (pn_(84),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-('diff(g(x),x,2)/'diff(g(x),x,1)-'diff(g(x),x,1)/g(x)+2*'diff(f(x),x,1)/f(x))*'diff(y,x,1)+('diff(f(x),x,1)*('diff(g(x),x,2)/'diff(g(x),x,1)-'diff(g(x),x,1)/g(x)+2*'diff(f(x),x,1)/f(x))/f(x)-v^2*('diff(g(x),x,1))^2/g(x)^2+('diff(g(x),x,1))^2-'diff(f(x),x,2)/f(x))*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 85 */ (pn_(85),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:'diff(y,x,2)-(2*'diff(h(x),x,1)/h(x)+'diff(g(x),x,2)/'diff(g(x),x,1)+(2*v-1)*'diff(g(x),x,1)/g(x))*'diff(y,x,1)+(-'diff(h(x),x,2)/h(x)+'diff(h(x),x,1)*(2*'diff(h(x),x,1)/h(x)+'diff(g(x),x,2)/'diff(g(x),x,1)+(2*v-1)*'diff(g(x),x,1)/g(x))/h(x)+('diff(g(x),x,1))^2)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 86 */ (pn_(86),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:4*'diff(y,x,2)+9*x*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = bessel_y(1/3,x^(3/2))*%k2*sqrt(x)+bessel_j(1/3,x^(3/2))*%k1*sqrt(x)]; */ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 87 */ (pn_(87),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:4*'diff(y,x,2)-(x^2+a)*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = %k2*kummer_u(1/4-(a/8),1/2,-(x^2/2))*%e^(x^2/4) +%k1*kummer_m(1/4-(a/8),1/2,-(x^2/2))*%e^(x^2/4)]; */ [method, ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 88 */ (pn_(88),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:4*'diff(y,x,2)+4*tan(x)*'diff(y,x,1)+(-5*tan(x)^2-2)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 89 */ (pn_(89),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:a*'diff(y,x,2)-(x+c+a*b)*'diff(y,x,1)+(b*(x+c)+d)*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y=%k2*kummer_u(d/2+1/2,1/2,-(x^2/(2*a))-(c*x/a)+b*x-(c^2/(2*a))+b*c-(a*b^2/2)) *%e^(x^2/(2*a)+c*x/a+c^2/(4*a)-(b*c/2)+a*b^2/4) +%k1*kummer_m(d/2+1/2,1/2,-(x^2/(2*a))-(c*x/a)+b*x-(c^2/(2*a))+b*c-(a*b^2/2)) *%e^(x^2/(2*a)+c*x/a+c^2/(4*a)-(b*c/2)+a*b^2/4)]; */ [method, ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 90 */ (pn_(90),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:a^2*'diff(y,x,2)+a*(a^2-2*b*%e^-(a*x))*'diff(y,x,1)+b^2*%e^-(2*a*x)*y,y,x)); [y=(%k1-%k2*b*%e^-(a*x)/a^2)*%e^-(b*%e^-(a*x)/a^2)]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; xformtoconstcoeff; /* Kamke 2. 91 */ (pn_(91),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:x*('diff(y,x,2)+y)-cos(x),y,x)); [y = ((2*log(x)-gamma_incomplete(0,2*%i*x)-gamma_incomplete(0,-2*%i*x))*sin(x) +(%i*gamma_incomplete(0,2*%i*x)-%i*gamma_incomplete(0,-2*%i*x))*cos(x)) /4 + %k1*sin(x)+%k2*cos(x)]$ [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [variationofparameters,0]; /* Kamke 2. 92 */ (pn_(92),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:x*'diff(y,x,2)+(x+a)*y,y,x)); [y = %k2*kummer_u(-%i*a/2,0,-2*%i*x)*%e^(%i*x) +%k1*kummer_m(-%i*a/2,0,-2*%i*x)*%e^(%i*x)]; [method, ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 93 */ (pn_(93),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:x*'diff(y,x,2)+'diff(y,x,1),y,x)); [y=%k1*log(x)+%k2]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; exact; /* Kamke 2. 94 */ (pn_(94),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:x*'diff(y,x,2)+'diff(y,x,1)+a*y,y,x)); [y = bessel_y(0,2*sqrt(a)*sqrt(x))*%k2 +bessel_j(0,2*sqrt(a)*sqrt(x))*%k1]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 95 */ (pn_(95),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:x*'diff(y,x,2)+'diff(y,x,1)+l*x*y,y,x)); [y = bessel_y(0,-sqrt(l)*x)*%k2+bessel_j(0,-sqrt(l)*x)*%k1]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 96 */ (pn_(96),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:x*'diff(y,x,2)+'diff(y,x,1)+(x+a)*y,y,x),0); 0$ /* [y = %k2*kummer_u(1/2-((%i*a)/2),1,-2*%i*x)*%e^(%i*x) +%k1*kummer_m(1/2-((%i*a)/2),1,-2*%i*x)*%e^(%i*x)]; */ [method, ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 97 */ (pn_(97),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:x*'diff(y,x,2)-'diff(y,x,1)+a*y,y,x)); [y = bessel_y(2,2*sqrt(a)*sqrt(x))*%k2*x +bessel_j(2,2*sqrt(a)*sqrt(x))*%k1*x]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [odelin,0]; /* Kamke 2. 98 */ assume(a>0); [a>0]; (pn_(98),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:x*'diff(y,x,2)-'diff(y,x,1)-a*x^3*y,y,x)); [y=%i*%k1*sinh(sqrt(a)*x^2/2)+%k2*cosh(sqrt(a)*x^2/2)]; ode_check(eqn,ans[1]); 0; method; xformtoconstcoeff; forget(a>0); [a>0]; /* Kamke 2. 99 */ (pn_(99),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:x*'diff(y,x,2)-'diff(y,x,1)+x^3*(%e^x^3-v^2)*y,y,x)); false; /* Kamke 2. 100 */ (pn_(100),ans:contrib_ode(eqn:x*'diff(y,x,2)+2*'diff(y,x,1)-x*y-%e^x,y,x)); [y =((2*x-1)*%e^x)/(4*x)+(%k2*%e^x)/x+(%k1*%e^-x)/x]; [method,ode_check(eqn,ans[1])]; [kovacic,0];

INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ It is now commonly agreed that psychiatric disorders are not fully independent syndromes, but rather represent constellations of symptom clusters that partially overlap. In support of this idea, there is extensive comorbidity between psychiatric disorders. For instance, patients with schizophrenia often show symptoms of major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders and/or drug addiction. Intriguingly, a very recent report analysing structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies has reported that schizophrenia, and several major psychiatric disorders are jointly characterized by changes in brain areas mediating social cognition ([@DMM024752C14]). The 'social brain' is indeed a common factor in schizophrenia and its comorbid disorders ([@DMM024752C12]; [@DMM024752C16]; [@DMM024752C26]). Social cognition can be defined as all processes that are elicited by and/or directed towards other subjects ([@DMM024752C17]). Increasing effort has been made to understand the intricacies of the social brain ([@DMM024752C17]; [@DMM024752C23]). One of the major players is dopamine. Research in non-human primates and rodents has shown that amphetamine, a dopamine-releasing drug, reduces affiliative social behaviour ([@DMM024752C10]; [@DMM024752C31]). However, it has also been reported that pro-social behaviour (induced by playing back 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations that elicit approach behaviour) is associated with increased dopamine release ([@DMM024752C44]). These conflicting data might in part be related to opposing roles of different dopamine receptors. In this study, we focus on the role of the dopamine D1 receptor (Drd1). A recent positron emission tomography (PET) scan study in healthy volunteers showed that Drd1 binding was positively correlated to social conformity ([@DMM024752C27]). In line with this, studies in zebrafish have found that Drd1 antagonists reduced social preference ([@DMM024752C30]). By contrast, studies in male macaque monkeys have shown that a Drd1 antagonist actually improved social behaviour that was disrupted by amphetamine ([@DMM024752C10]). Likewise, local injections of a Drd1 antagonist into the nucleus accumbens of mice leads to increases in social approach behaviour in females but not males ([@DMM024752C3]). Finally, Drd1 agonists injected into the nucleus accumbens of male prairie voles prevent new pair bonding, but facilitated the maintenance of pair bonding when the agonist was administered after a bond was formed ([@DMM024752C1]). Taken together, these data emphasize that, although Drd1 clearly plays an important role in social cognition, its precise function is far from understood. The conflicting data might -- at least in part -- be due to differences in the behavioural paradigm being used, as well as differences in species and sex. Perhaps most importantly, most studies investigating the role of Drd1 in social cognition have relied on pharmacological manipulations of Drd1. Unfortunately, none of the drugs acting on Drd1 show selectivity for Drd1 over other dopamine receptors, and several of these drugs also show affinity for serotonin receptors ([@DMM024752C39]). Therefore, in order to investigate the role of Drd1 in social cognition as a transdiagnostic marker for schizophrenia and comorbid psychiatric disorders, we introduce in the present paper a novel rat model with a mutation in the *Drd1* gene. We first provide evidence that the mutant Drd1 is dysfunctional. Subsequently, we measured basic behaviour and social cognition in the rat carrying the Drd1 mutation. To assess social cognition we used social interaction, social approach and avoidance, olfactory-scent marking and social anxiety (maternal-separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations) tests. Our data show that the receptor Drd1 is crucially involved in all these aspects of social cognition. As these social traits are also prominent in schizophrenia and comorbid disorders, we believe our rat model to be useful for research into these disease states. RESULTS {#s2} ======= We treated male Wistar rats with *N*-ethyl-*N*-nitrosourea (ENU) to induce mutagenesis ([@DMM024752C36]) and identified a rat among the offspring with a missense mutation in the gene encoding for Drd1. The mutation involves a hydrophobic isoleucine into polar serine residue exchange (Drd1^I116S^) in helix III at position 116 of the protein. We outcrossed this mutant rat for at least five generations to wild-type Wistar rats to generate a Drd1 mutant rat model. We characterized and tested this mutant rat model for basic behavioural phenotypes and social cognition. Characterization of the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rat {#s2a} ---------------------------------------------- ### Computational modelling of the Drd1^I116S^ receptor {#s2a1} We first performed a computational analysis and modelling of the Drd1^I116S^ mutation. The ENU-induced mutation changed a hydrophobic isoleucine residue into a hydrophilic serine residue at position 116. The Drd1 protein belongs to the D1-like family of dopamine receptors that couples to the intracellular G protein G-stimulatory (Gs). As illustrated in [Fig. 1](#DMM024752F1){ref-type="fig"}, computational modelling predicted that, in Drd1^I116S^, the cytoplasmic ends of helix III and helix VI cannot approach each other as closely as in the wild-type Drd1, breaking contact with the highly conserved R120 at the extracellular side of helix III that binds to G proteins. The separation of the cytoplasmic ends of helix III and helix VI might open this part of the receptor to a larger extent, meaning that the receptor could be rendered instable. Fig. 1.**Computational modelling of the wild-type Drd1 and the Drd1^I116S^ protein structure.** A computational model of (A) the wild-type Drd1 receptor, and the (B) Drd1^I116S^ receptor is shown. The solid arrow indicates the position of the I116S mutation. The purple amino acids reflect helix VI, and the red amino acids reflect helix III. Ligand binding takes places at about two to three helical turns above the solid arrow. The I116S mutation (located just inside the membrane near the cytosolic side of helix III) breaks a series of hydrophobic contacts with amino acids 276 and 277 (valine and isoleucine) in helix VI and with the highly conserved R120 at the extracellular side of helix III. The exact position of this arginine residue, and the contacts between helices III and VI are important for maintaining the receptor in an inactive state. The I116S mutant disturbs the position of R120 and the interactions between helices III and VI. This might lead to a repulsion of helix VI (broken arrow), an opening for G-protein binding (lower side of the displayed protein) and activation and instability of the receptor. ### Dopamine receptor mRNA levels {#s2a2} Next, to assess whether the Drd1^I116S^ mutation affects *Drd1* transcript levels, we determined mRNA expression of *Drd1* in the striatum (rich in dopamine) by quantitative PCR (qPCR). We also assessed mRNA levels of other dopamine receptor subtypes (*Drd2*--*Drd5*), to evaluate whether a change in Drd1 would indirectly affect the expression of genes encoding for other dopamine receptors. We found that the mRNA levels of *Drd1* (Z=−1.389, *P*=0.165), *Drd2* (Z=−0.579, *P*=0.563), *Drd3* (Z=−0.000, *P*=1.000), *Drd4* (Z=−0.347, *P*=0.728) and *Drd5* (Z=0.000, *P*=1.000) were unaltered in the striatum of wild-type rats compared to Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats ([Fig. S1](Fig. S1)). *Drd4* mRNA levels were very low in both wild-type and mutant rats, which corresponds to previous findings for *Drd4* mRNA levels in the striatum of wild-type subjects ([@DMM024752C22]). None of the dopamine receptors showed any difference in levels between the wild-type and Drd1 mutant genotypes, suggesting that the Drd1^I116S^ mutation does not affect Drd1 transcript stability and/or degradation, nor that of the other dopamine receptors. Drd1^I116S^ receptor binding {#s2b} ---------------------------- To measure whether the Drd1^I116S^ mutation would affect Drd1 ligand binding we used \[^3^H\]SCH23390 (an Drd1 antagonist) autoradiography, focusing on the whole brain. This method measures both transmembrane and intracellular Drd1 binding, given that cells are cut at varying positions when slicing the brain. We found that \[^3^H\]SCH23390 binding was reduced by ∼20% (olfactory tubercle) to ∼50% (prefrontal cortex, subcortical regions, substantia nigra) in the Drd1^I116S^ mutant compared to wild-type rats ([Fig. 2](#DMM024752F2){ref-type="fig"}A; [Table S1](Table S1)). Thus, Drd1 binding is significantly reduced in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Because *Drd1* mRNA levels were unaltered, and protein synthesis presumably is unaltered as well, it is most likely that reduced Drd1 binding reflects reduced Drd1 transmembrane insertion. Fig. 2.**Drd1 ligand binding and localization in wild-type and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats.** (A) Representative \[3H\]SCH23390 autoradiographs of wild-type (WT, *n*=3) and Drd1^I116S^ (MUT, *n*=3) rats. A 20--50% reduction of Drd1 binding was found in Drd1^I116S^ mutants compared to wild-type rats, most likely reflecting reduced Drd1 transmembrane insertion. This experiment was replicated up to four times. (B) Upper panel, Drd1^I116S^ intracellular expression was measured in fixed and permeabilised transfected COS7 cells expressing the wild-type or mutant Drd1 receptor. The same amount of Drd1 expression was visible in the cytoplasm for the mutant and wild-type Drd1. Lower panel, Drd1^I116S^ transmembrane expression was measured in live, impermeable transfected COS7 cells expressing the wild-type or mutant Drd1 receptor. Drd1 receptor expression was reduced in impermeable COS7 cells expressing the Drd1^I116S^ compared to wild-type Drd1 receptor expression, suggesting that the Drd1 mutation affects Drd1 transmembrane insertion. Confocal pictures represent DNA staining (DAPI; blue), anti-HA staining of the Drd1 receptor (green), or DNA+Drd1 staining (blue and green merged). This experiment was executed twice. EMPTY represents cells transfected with empty vector. Transmembrane insertion of the Drd1^I116S^ receptor {#s2c} --------------------------------------------------- Because receptor instability might affect transmembrane insertion of Drd1^I116S^, we measured Drd1^I116S^ cell surface expression using an *in vitro* system. We cloned the wild-type and Drd1 mutant receptor with a hemagglutinin epitope (HA) tag into COS7 cells. By using an anti-HA antibody we could identify the cellular position of the Drd1 under cell impermeable (transmembrane Drd1 identification) and permeable (intracellular Drd1 identification) conditions. We found that mutant Drd1 receptor expression was reduced in 'live' and impermeable COS7 cells compared to wild-type Drd1 receptor expression ([Fig. 2](#DMM024752F2){ref-type="fig"}B). The 'fixed' and permeabilized cells revealed that Drd1 expression in the cytoplasm was equal for the mutant and wild-type Drd1. No Drd1 immunoreactivity was observed in cells that were transfected with an empty vector. The data imply that the Drd1 mutation affects Drd1 stability and thereby its transmembrane insertion. Drd1^I116S^ receptor function {#s2d} ----------------------------- To assess Drd1^I116S^ function *in vivo*, we measured the effects of the D1 antagonist SCH23390 on motor reflexes in the paw test ([@DMM024752C9]), a behavioural test known to be sensitive to D1 receptor antagonists. Given that the data were not normally distributed, the Mann--Whitney *U*-test was used to assess statistical differences between treatments. In wild-type rats the Drd1 antagonist SCH23390 significantly increased the forelimb reaction time (FRT; Z=−2.742, *P*\<0.05) and hindlimb reaction time (HRT; Z=−2.872, *P*\<0.01; [Fig. S2](Fig. S2)). In addition, in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats the FRT was significantly increased (Z=−2.605, \<0.05). However, no effect was found in the HRT (Z=−1.125, not significant). Consequently, the SCH22390-induced increase in the HRT of Drd1^I116S^ rats was significantly lower than in wild-type rats (Z=−2.036, *P*\<0.05). This implies that the Drd1 is less functional in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats, potentially due to Drd1 instability and its transmembrane insertion. Behavioural characterization of the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats {#s2e} ----------------------------------------------------------- ### Basic behavioural assessments {#s2e1} To characterize the mutant rats at the behavioural level, we started with gross phenotyping using a modified SHIRPA protocol for rats ([@DMM024752C29]), focusing on motor, sensory and neurological functions. As presented in [Table S2](Table S2), no motor, sensory and neurological changes were found in the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. However, mean bodyweight was reduced in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats compared to wild-type rats. Furthermore, upon handling, vocalization was increased in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. This implies changes in the social domain, which we further elaborated in the final part of this study. Because bodyweight was significantly reduced in Drd1^I116S^ rats we measured food intake in their home cage. We found that regular eating measured over four subsequent days in the home cage ([Fig. S3](Fig. S3)) was significantly decreased in Drd1^I116S^ rats \[t~(1,6)~=5.947, *P*\<0.05\], but not when corrected for bodyweight \[t~(1,6)~=0.428, not significant\]. Given that dopamine plays a crucial role in exploratory behaviour, we performed more sophisticated tests to assess whether behaviour in this domain would be affected by the Drd1 mutation. We observed that Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats did not differ from wild-type control animals in the frequency of horizontal exploratory behaviour bouts \[t~(1,14)~=0.551, not significant\] during a 30-min test in a circular open field ([Fig. 3](#DMM024752F3){ref-type="fig"}A), although rearing frequency was decreased \[t~(1,14)~=2.956, *P*\<0.05\] in the mutant rats. Self-grooming, indicative for displacement behaviour or stereotypy, was also not affected by the Drd1 mutation \[t~(1,14)~=1.179, not significant\]. Additionally, in a square open field ([Fig. 3](#DMM024752F3){ref-type="fig"}B), there was no difference in distance moved between genotypes \[t~(1,14)~=0.045, not significant\]. Using the elevated plus maze, allowing the measurement of innate anxiety, no genotype differences were found in the time spent on the open arm \[[Fig. 4](#DMM024752F4){ref-type="fig"}A; t~(1,35)~=1.079, not significant\]. General activity level, as measured by the number of closed arm entries, was again normal in mutant rats \[[Fig. 4](#DMM024752F4){ref-type="fig"}B; t~(1,35)~=0.159, not significant\]. These tests reveal that exploratory behaviour and anxiety, with the exception of rearing, were not affected in the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Fig. 3.**Exploratory behaviour and self-grooming in wild-type and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats.** Wild-type (WT) and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats (MUT) (*n*=8) were examined for (A) frequency of rearing, horizontal exploratory behaviour and self-grooming in a circular open field. Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats displayed decreased rearing which could be an indicator of locomotor behaviour, but exploration did not differ from wild-type control animals. Self-grooming was not altered in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats suggesting that anxiety-like behaviour is not altered. Data represent mean+s.e.m. of the frequency. (B) Distance moved in a square open field. No differences were found in distance moved indicating that the Drd1^I116S^ mutation has no effect on locomotor behaviour. Data represent mean+s.e.m. cm moved. \**P*\<0.05 (two-tailed Student\'s *t*-test). The experiment was executed once. Fig. 4.**Elevated plus-maze behaviour in wild-type and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats.** The behaviour of wild-type (WT; *n*=20) and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats (MUT; *n*=17) in an elevated plus maze was examined. (A) Time spent on the open arm. No differences were found between the Drd1^I116S^ mutant and wild-type rats, indicating no altered anxiety-like behaviour. Data represent mean+s.e.m. (B) Number of closed arm entries. No differences were found between the Drd1^I116S^ mutant and wild-type rats, indicating no effect of the Drd1^I116S^ mutation on general activity. Data were analysed using a two-tailed Student\'s *t*-test. The experiment was executed once. Assessment of social cognition in the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats {#s2f} ------------------------------------------------------------- ### Social interaction {#s2f1} First, we tested the time spent on social interaction among pairs of unfamiliar weight-matched wild-type and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Compared to wild-type rats, the Drd1 mutant rats showed a profound reduction in social behaviour. This is illustrated in [Fig. 5](#DMM024752F5){ref-type="fig"}. Statistical analysis (multivariate ANOVA) showed a significant effect of genotype on active social behaviour \[where one rat actively investigates (sniffing, grooming etc.) the other rat\] ([Fig. 5](#DMM024752F5){ref-type="fig"}; *F*~(1,10)~=14.3; *P*\<0.005), with the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats showing consistently reduced active social interaction. No significant genotype difference was found for the duration of passive social behaviour (rats are in close proximity but do not actively interact) ([Fig. 5](#DMM024752F5){ref-type="fig"}). Fig. 5.**Social interaction in wild-type and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats.** The social interaction of wild-type (WT) and Drd1^I116S^ mutant (MUT) rats (*n*=6 pairs) was examined. A significant reduction in active social behaviour in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats was found compared to wild-type rats, indicating a social deficit in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. No differences were found in passive social interaction (rats within 5 cm of each other but showing no interaction). Data are expressed as mean+s.e.m. duration of active or passive social behaviour. \**P*\<0.005 (mixed multivariate analysis). The experiment was executed once. ### Social approach and avoidance {#s2f2} To assess social approach and avoidance, rats were tested in a T-maze with cups containing no pup, a novel pup or a familiar pup. First (phase 1), rats were habituated to the T-maze. Next (phase 2) rats were allowed to explore the maze and encountered a pup covered by a cup on one arm, and an empty cup on the other arm. After a pause, the rats were again allowed to explore the T-maze (phase 3), now encountering a novel pup beneath the previously empty cup. The preference of the experimental animals for the T-maze arms was measured. During habituation, we found no differences between the genotypes in the total time spent on each of the two arms and total distance travelled (data not shown). The results for the second and third phase are shown in [Fig. 6](#DMM024752F6){ref-type="fig"}. Given that the data were normally distributed, a mixed model ANOVA with genotype as between and zone as within subject design was used. The data show that in phase 2, although there was a significant effect of zone \[in proximity of the cup; *F*~(1,32)~=9.7, *P*\<0.01\], there was no significant genotype effect or interaction (*P*\>0.9) for the time spent in each arm ([Fig. 6](#DMM024752F6){ref-type="fig"}A). However, with respect to zone entries, there was a significant zone \[[Fig. 6](#DMM024752F6){ref-type="fig"}B; *F*~(1,32)~=10.8, *P*\<0.005\] and genotype effect \[*F*~(1,32)~=5.5, *P*\<0.05\]. More importantly, there was a significant genotype×zone interaction \[*F*~(1,32)~=4.9, *P*\<0.05\]. Inspection of [Fig. 6](#DMM024752F6){ref-type="fig"} shows that Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats had significantly less visits to the zone with the pup. In phase 3, there was a similar difference between the time spent in the zone and zone visits. Thus, whereas no significant main effect of zone or genotype or interaction was found with respect to time spent in the two zones ([Fig. 6](#DMM024752F6){ref-type="fig"}C; all *P*\>0.7), with respect to zone visits, a significant main effect of zone (*F*~(1,32)~=6.9, *P*\<0.05) and genotype (*F*~(1,32)~=5.8, *P*\<0.05) was seen, as well as a significant zone×genotype interaction ([Fig. 6](#DMM024752F6){ref-type="fig"}D; *F*~(1,32)~=5.2, *P*\<0.05). Inspection of [Fig. 6](#DMM024752F6){ref-type="fig"} indicated that this significant interaction was due to significant preference for the pup in WT, but not Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Summarizing, the data show that the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats had a significantly reduced sociability in phase 2 and decreased interest in social novelty in phase 3. Fig. 6.**Social approach and avoidance behaviour in wild-type and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats.** The social approach and avoidance behaviour in wild-type (WT, *N*=7) and Drd1^I116S^ mutant (MUT, *N*=10) rats was examined. (A) Time spent on the cup with pup (social) or on the empty cup (object) in phase II. No differences were found between genotypes. Data are expressed as the mean (+s.e.m.) duration of time spent around the two cups. (B) Frequency of zone visits to the cup with pup (social) or to the empty cup (object) in phase II. The Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats had significantly fewer visits to the cup with the pup. Data are expressed as mean (+s.e.m.) number of zone visits to the two cups. These data indicate that Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats have reduced sociability in phase II. (C) Time spent on the cup with a novel pup or on the cup with a familiar pup in phase III. No differences were found between genotypes. Data are expressed as mean (+s.e.m.) duration of time spent around the two cups. (D) Frequency of zone visits to the cup with a novel pup or to the cup with a familiar pup in phase III. Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats significantly had fewer visits to the cup with the novel pup compared to the wild-type rats. Data are expressed as mean (+s.e.m.) number of zone visits to the two cups. These data suggest that Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats have a decreased interest in social novelty in phase III. \**P*\<0.05 (mixed model ANOVA with repeated measures). The experiment was executed once. ### Scent marking {#s2f3} Using the scent marking test, odorant social communication can be measured. In this test, rats explore a lemon scent (non-social stimulus) and a female urine scent (social stimulus). The results of the scent marking experiments are illustrated in [Fig. 7](#DMM024752F7){ref-type="fig"}, showing the spatial distribution of the male urine scent markings around the social stimulus. Given that the data were normally distributed, a mixed model ANOVA was used with genotype as a between subject and scent as a within subject factor. There was a clear difference in scent marking between the genotypes, with the wild-type control rats showing a much more restricted pattern ([Fig. 7](#DMM024752F7){ref-type="fig"}A), as compared to a more diffuse pattern in the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats ([Fig. 7](#DMM024752F7){ref-type="fig"}B) around the social stimulus. There were no clear differences in the scent marking patterns around the non-social stimulus (data not shown). Statistically, this led to a significant genotype×stimulus interaction for clustering \[*F*~(1,1022)~=4.2; *P*\<0.05\], with the wild-type compared to the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats showing a more clustered pattern around the social stimulus as compared to the non-social stimulus ([Fig. 7](#DMM024752F7){ref-type="fig"}C). A similar genotype×stimulus interaction was found for saturation. As illustrated in [Fig. 7](#DMM024752F7){ref-type="fig"}, wild-type rats also produced much more intense markings around the social than around the non-social stimulus, whereas the reverse was true for the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. However, due to large variability within genotype groups this difference failed to reach significance ([Fig. 7](#DMM024752F7){ref-type="fig"}D; *P*=0.08). Fig. 7.**Scent marking in wild-type and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats.** The scent marking behaviour in wild-type (WT, *n*=14) and Drd1^I116S^ mutant (MUT, *n*=22) rats was examined. (A) Distribution of scent markings around the female urine sample by WT rats. (B) Distribution of scent markings around the female urine sample by Drd1^I116S^ mutant (MUT) rats. Wild-type control rats showed a much more restricted pattern in scent marking around the social stimulus compared with the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Note, the female urine sample is placed in the centre (around coordinates 2500, 2500). (C) Mean saturation (+s.e.m.) of the scent markings around the female and the lemon scent of WT and Drd1^I116S^ mutant (MUT) rats. The wild-type rats showed a more clustered pattern around the social stimulus as compared to the non-social stimulus compared to the mutant rats. (D) Number of intense (mean+s.e.m.) scent markings around the female and the lemon scent of wild-type and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Wild-type rats tended to produce much more intense markings around the social than around the non-social stimulus, whereas the reverse was true for the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Together, these data suggest that Drd1^I116S^ mutants might have reduced rewarding effects of sniffing female urine. \**P*\<0.05 urine versus lemon scent; ^\#^*P*=0.08 urine versus lemon scent (a mixed model ANOVA with repeated measures). The experiment was executed once. ### Ultrasonic vocalizations {#s2f4} Finally, we measured oral communication in the rats, and focussed on pups calling for their mother. When separated from their mother, young pups produce typical separation calls, in the range of 30 to 40 kHz. Although we analysed both males and females, no differences were observed and therefore results from both sexes were combined ([Fig. 8](#DMM024752F8){ref-type="fig"}). Analysis of these calls on postnatal day 14 showed that, compared to wild-type rats, Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats called significantly less \[*F*~(1,16)~=11.9; *P*\<0.005\]. Likewise, total duration was significantly reduced in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats \[*F*~(1,14)~=8.9, *P*\<0.02\] whereas the average duration per call and the average frequency per call (in kHz) was not different between the different genotypes (data not shown). Fig. 8.**Comparison of ultrasonic vocalizations made by wild-type and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats.** The number of ultrasonic vocalizations made by 7-day-old wild-type (WT) and Drd1^I116S^ mutant (MUT) rats during a 5-min separation from the mother (n=8 for each genotype). Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats called significantly less frequently compared to wild-type rats, which might reflect a reward deficit. Data display (mean+s.e.m.) of ultrasonic vocalizations. \*\*\**P*\<0.005 (mixed multivariate analysis). The experiment was executed once. DISCUSSION {#s3} ========== Here, we characterized a novel rat model with a genetic mutation in the dopamine D1 receptor. Although *Drd1* mRNA levels were not affected, Drd1 binding was reduced in *ex vivo* brain material of the Drd1 mutant rats. This likely is due to reduced cell membrane insertion of Drd1, as shown *in vitro* in COS7 cells overexpressing mutant Drd1. The paw test further revealed that the Drd1 in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats was less functional compared to wild-type rats. Drd1 mutant rats did not display gross anatomical changes, although their bodyweight was significantly reduced. No differences were observed in general motor, sensory and neurological functions. Likewise exploratory behaviour and anxiety-like behaviour were not affected by the Drd1^I116S^ mutation, except for rearing. The adapted SHIRPA test revealed an increase in vocalization upon handling of the rats, hinting towards a role of the Drd1 in the social domain. In this line, several aspects of social cognition were significantly reduced in the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Computational modelling and analysis of the Drd1^I116S^ mutation suggested crucial alterations in the mutant rat model. Owing to the Drd1^I116S^ mutation, the cytoplasmic ends of helix III and helix IV cannot approach each other as closely as in the wild-type receptor. Therefore, this part of the receptor might be opened up to a larger extent, making it more accessible to G proteins. The Drd1^I116S^ mutation is also located closely to the DRY motif, which is important for interaction with intracellular G proteins, and mutations in this motif often lead to constitutive activity ([@DMM024752C11]). Unfortunately, we have been unable to collect evidence (e.g. Drd1 agonist-induced cAMP production) for constitutive activity of the receptor. A potential reason is that, due to the mutation, the receptor quickly disassembles upon Drd1 agonist binding. These changes are also predicted to lead to lower maximum attainable activity due to decreased transmembrane insertion of the receptor ([@DMM024752C28]). To confirm this speculation Drd1 binding was measured in an *ex vivo* system by \[^3^H\]SCH23390 autoradiography in the whole brain. We found that Drd1 binding was reduced by 20--50% in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. However, autoradiography does not discriminate between transmembrane and intracellular Drd1 binding. To resolve this, we conducted an *in vitro* experiment in which we overexpressed wild-type and mutant Drd1 in COS7 cells, allowing us to assess the transmembrane insertion of the wild-type and mutant Drd1. We found that particularly transmembrane Drd1 insertion was reduced, with limited changes in intracellular Drd1 expression. This suggests that the Drd1^I116S^ mutation affects Drd1 stability and its transmembrane insertion, whereas the intracellular Drd1 expression remains unaltered. Reduced transmembrane insertion of Drd1 likely has consequences for Drd1 function. Indeed, in the paw test, we found that Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats were less responsive to the selective Drd1 receptor antagonist SCH23390. Although it is not yet fully clear how the Drd1^I116S^ mutation affects Drd1, the data suggest that the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rat model represents a model for reduced Drd1 function. We used the adapted SHIRPA test for basic phenotyping of the rat model. This test did not reveal motor, sensory and neurological consequences of the Drd1^I116S^ mutation. We did observe a significantly reduced bodyweight in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Given that Drd1 agonists stimulate the secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary ([@DMM024752C2]), reduced bodyweight might be explained by reduced Drd1 function. Another possibility is that reduced food intake might cause reduced bodyweight. Of note, we observed that food intake in the home cage was reduced in Drd1^I116S^ mutants, but this difference disappeared when food intake was corrected for bodyweight. Most likely, the reduced food consumption reflects the lower calorific requirements of a smaller body. Given that animals were weight-matched in the social interaction experiments, it is not likely that decreased bodyweight influenced the differences in social behaviour. Because dopamine plays a crucial role in exploratory behaviour, we assessed this type of behaviour in the rats when exposed to a circular and square open field, as well as the elevated plus maze. Although exploratory behaviour was not affected in these novel environments, Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats showed decreased rearing in the circular open field. Reduced rearing has been linked to decreased locomotor activity ([@DMM024752C15]; [@DMM024752C37]). However, we did not observe a decrease in locomotor activity in Drd1 mutant rats. In previous work, a decrease in rearing was also related to a decrease in food foraging, which might correspond to the reduced food consumption in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. The absence of exploratory changes in the elevated plus maze indicates that there were no genotype differences in anxiety-like behaviour. This was supported by the lack of genotype differences in self-grooming, which in novel environments can be seen as a stress-related displacement behaviour. Given that the previously reported relationship between Drd1 and self-grooming ([@DMM024752C42]) is almost exclusively based on the effects of Drd1 agonists and antagonists, and because -- without exception -- all Drd1 ligands also bind to the Drd5, our results imply that Drd5 is more involved in self-grooming than Drd1. Taken together, these data indicate that general exploratory activity and anxiety levels are normal in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats and do not confound behavioural measures in Drd1^I116S^ mutants. Social cognition covers a wide variety of components, many of which are disturbed in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Social withdrawal, as measured in the social interaction test, is considered as a measure of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia ([@DMM024752C45]). Withdrawal from social contact might derive from a lack of desire to have social contact. As social interactions are able to induce conditioned place preference ([@DMM024752C8]), the social withdrawal might be explained by anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure or reward. This explanation is supported by the scent marking test, in which male rats are allowed to approach and scent female urine, and mark the scents by urination. Given that sniffing female urine is highly rewarding for male rats ([@DMM024752C20]), it is possible that scent marking around female urine marks was strongly reduced in Drd1^I116S^ rats due to an inability to experience female urine reward. Although we did not specifically investigate olfaction in the Drd1^I116S^ rats, the fact that there was no significant difference between the total number of scent markings between the genotypes suggests that olfaction per se was not affected. The reduction in scent markings around the social scent (and especially the altered pattern and reduced saturation) suggest that the effects are specifically related to a deficit in social cognition. Most mammalian infants, including rat pups, vocalize when isolated. Given that interactions with adult females just before isolation increase vocalizations (a process termed maternal potentiation), it is thought that the vocalization reflects a marker of pup--mother social bonds ([@DMM024752C32]). Expression of the maternal potentiation of the ultrasonic vocalization in pups is hypothesized to be related to reward processes, in part because dopamine activity plays a regulatory role. It has been demonstrated that activation of dopamine type-2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens blocks maternal potentiation without altering vocalization rate in an initial isolation ([@DMM024752C32]). By contrast, it has been found that Drd1 agonists, but not antagonists, reduce the number of isolation-induced infant rat ultrasonic vocalizations ([@DMM024752C6]; [@DMM024752C24]), with the latter study even reporting a significant increase with the D1 antagonist SCH23390. Here, we demonstrate that Drd1 dysfunction reduced the total number and duration of isolation-induced rat pup ultrasonic vocalizations. At present it is difficult to explain these differences, though it should be remembered that D1 agonists and antagonists are non-selective and also affect other receptors. Moreover, whereas in the present study ultrasonic vocalizations were measured at postnatal day 7, Muller and colleagues used 11- or 12-day-old pups. As ultrasonic vocalizations depend strongly on the age of the animals ([@DMM024752C48]), this might (partly) underlie the differences between the studies. Regardless of this, the current findings are in line with the results from the other social paradigms and might reflect a reward deficit, hindering the formation of a bond with the mother. Potentially, this could lead to less maternal care (not measured in the present study) and feeding, and aberrant development of social behaviour. Finally, sociability and social novelty as measured in the social approach and avoidance test were affected by the Drd1^I116S^ mutation. Whereas no genotype differences in duration of social approach and avoidance were found, the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats showed a significant reduction in the frequency of visiting the area around the novel pup in phase 2. Likewise, in phase 3, whereas the wild-type rats visited the novel rat significantly more frequently than the familiar rat, this behaviour was not seen in the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Analysis of the social approach and avoidance test usually includes both total time spent in the vicinity of the cylinders and total time sniffing the cylinder, with the latter being the more sensitive measure ([@DMM024752C34]). In this respect, it is important to realize that in our analysis (using Ethovision XT) we limited the analysis to the nose point, which is closely correlated to sniffing. Thus, Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats likely showed deficits in social sniffing. This is reminiscent of the finding of the social interaction test, where we found a significant reduction in active, but not passive, social behaviour in the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. This study provides an initial characterization of a novel Drd1 mutant rat model, with clear endophenotypes in the social domain. Besides that the present findings raise new research questions to be addressed in future studies, we also like to mention some other potential limitations of our study. Most importantly, due to ENU mutagenesis, the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats might bear additional mutations that have not been characterized. However, given that animals were outcrossed for at least five generations, the chance of additional mutations occuring is reduced to \<1%. The Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats might share phenotypic similarities with Drd1-knockout mice, but comparison is complicated by variable findings in these mice. For instance, it has been reported that horizontal locomotor activity is unaltered ([@DMM024752C7]), increased ([@DMM024752C43]) or decreased ([@DMM024752C35]) in Drd1-knockout mice. Furthermore, it has been reported that Drd1-knockout mice display both reduced ([@DMM024752C5]) and increased self-grooming behaviour ([@DMM024752C4]), whereas we found no changes in self-grooming in Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats. Potentially, differences between species (or in genetic background) can account for the behavioural differences (Waddington et al., 2005). Indeed, studies have shown that the role of Drd1 in locomotor activity is fundamentally different between rats and mice ([@DMM024752C38]). Moreover, our Drd1^I116S^ mutant rat has an outbred Wistar background, which might substantially alter Drd1 epistatic effects and approach human genetic heterogeneity to a larger extent. Finally, with the current expansion of genetic tools to manipulate the rat genome, including zinc finger nuclease, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) and CRISPR/CAS9, ENU mutagenesis as a technology to generate mutant rat models might seem outdated ([@DMM024752C13]; [@DMM024752C25]). Although these more recent technologies, unlike ENU mutagenesis, allow targeted mutations, the advantage brought about by ENU mutagenesis is that it induces random mutations, not only premature stop codons and thereby knockout rats, but also hypothesis-free point mutations causing amino acid exchanges ([@DMM024752C36]). With ENU mutagenesis, we generated the Drd1^I116S^ mutation. The weakness is that we do not yet completely understand how the mutation affects the D1 receptor. The strength is that the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rat displays a clear phenotype, namely a deficit in social cognition, without a complete absence of protein functioning. This might be much more relevant from a translational point of view, as complete knockouts in humans are rare. Such mutant models allow us to refine the understanding of protein conformation and function in endophenotypes of psychiatric disorders, and possible novel genetic routes to correct these. In conclusion, we have characterized a novel genetic rat model for the Drd1 allowing the assessment of the role of Drd1 in the regulation of social cognition. The data suggest that reduced transmembrane insertion of Drd1 leads to a strong impairment in various components of social cognition. Given that rats have, compared to mice, a more extensive behavioural repertoire ([@DMM024752C25]), particularly in the social domain, the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rat adds to our tools to advance the understanding of mechanisms underlying schizophrenia, autism, depression, addiction, bipolar disorder and other dopamine-related psychiatric disorders. Whereas we focussed on social cognition, this novel rat model likely also has unprecedented value for the assessment of the role of Drd1 in other behavioural domains, like reward processing and decision making. MATERIALS AND METHODS {#s4} ===================== Animals {#s4a} ------- Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats were generated by ENU-driven target-selected mutagenesis on an outbred Wistar background. The Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats carry a missense mutation in Drd1, which resulted in an isoleucine to serine exchange (Drd1^I116S^) in helix III of the protein ([@DMM024752C36]). Experimental animals \[male wild-type (WT) and homozygous mutant (MUT)\] were bred by in-crosses between heterozygous Drd1^I116S^ rats that were outcrossed for at least five generations. At the age of 3 weeks animals were genotyped. We used male rats for all experiments, unless specified otherwise. Rats were housed at two per cage in well-controlled rooms (temperature, 21°C±2°C, relative humidity, 60%±15%, light on between 07:00 and 19:00) with water and food available *ad libitum*, unless specified otherwise. Experiments were performed in separate groups of rats at adult age (10--26 weeks), between 09.00 and 16.00. Each group of rats was exposed to one test only. All experiments were conducted with the approval of the Animal Care Committee of the Radboud University in Nijmegen and the Victoria University of Wellington, according to the respective laws for experimental animals. All efforts were made to minimize the amount of animals and their suffering. Rats were not randomized, because groups were determined by genotype. *Ex vivo* and *in vitro* experiments were conducted in a blinded fashion by coding the materials. *In vivo* experiments could not be blinded, because wild-type and Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats can easily be discerned visually due to the lower bodyweight of the latter. Genotyping {#s4b} ---------- Genomic DNA was isolated from ear cuts that were sampled in a 96-deep well block (2.5 ml Riplate, Ritter) and dissolved overnight at 55°C in 300 µl lysis buffer (100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.5, 200 mM NaCl, 0.2% SDS, 5 mM EDTA and 100 µg/ml freshly added proteinase K). Tissue debris was spun down for 15 min at 15,000 ***g*** and supernatant was transferred to fresh tubes. DNA was precipitated by adding an equal volume of isopropanol, mixing and centrifugation at 15,000 ***g*** at room temperature. The supernatant was removed by gently inverting the block and the pellets were washed with 70% ethanol, and dissolved in 400 µl water. Genotyping was performed using the KASPar SNP Genotyping System (KBiosciences, Hoddesdon, UK) and gene-specific primers (two allele-specific oligonucleotides of ∼40 nt in length and one common oligonucleotide of ∼20 nt in length). Briefly, a PCR was carried out using the optimal thermocycling conditions for KTaq (94°C for 15 min; 20 cycles of 94°C for 10 s, 57°C for 20 s and 72°C for 40 s; GeneAmp9700, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The PCR contained 2 μl DNA solution, 1 μl 4× reaction mix, 15 pM reverse primer and 15 pM forward primer, 0.025 μl KTaq polymerase solution and 22 mM MgCl~2~ in a total volume of 4 μl. Samples were analysed in a PHERAstar plate reader (BMG Labtech, Offenburg, Germany) and data were analysed using Klustercaller software (KBiosciences). All genotypes were confirmed in an independent reaction. Computational analysis and modelling {#s4c} ------------------------------------ Homology models of the inactive and active form of the Drd1 were obtained from the G-protein-coupled receptor data base (GPCRDB; [@DMM024752C41]). These models were built using the YASARA software ([@DMM024752C18]) using the protocol as described in [@DMM024752C19] and alignments as provided in the GPCRDB. The structure with protein data bank (PDB) identifier 1gzm was used as template for the Drd1 in the inactive state, whereas the structure with PDB identifier 3sn6 was used as template for the active form. qPCR {#s4d} ---- ### Tissue punching, RNA preparation and cDNA synthesis {#s4d1} Snap-frozen brain samples from rats (eight wild-type and eight Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats) were partly defrosted and the striatum was bilaterally punched using a 1.2-mm punching needle ([@DMM024752C47]). Brain tissue samples were homogenized with 1000 μl QIAzol Lysis Reagent (QIAGEN Sciences, MD) and 200 μl chloroform (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). RNA was isolated with an RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini Kit (Qiagen, 74804) according to the manufacturer\'s protocol. RNA concentration and quality was determined with a Nanodrop TM ND-1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The samples were kept at −80°C until the next day, when cDNA was made. cDNA was made with an iScript cDNA synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) according to the manufacturer\'s protocol. ### qPCR procedure {#s4d2} The quantitative PCR (qPCR) procedures have been described previously ([@DMM024752C33]). In brief, qPCR was performed in a reaction volume of 20 µl, using the SYBR Green PCR kit (Promega, Madison, WI) and a mixture of sense and antisense primers (2 pmol/µl). Primers used for qPCR are shown in [Table S3](Table S3). Reactions were run in a GeneAmp 7300 thermocycler under the following conditions: 2 min at 50°C and 10 min at 95°C, followed by 40 cycles of 15 s at 95°C and finally 1 min at 60°C. Data were acquired and processed automatically by the Applied Biosystems Sequence Detection Software. Specificity of amplification was checked by means of melting curve analysis and electrophoresis of products on a 1.5% agarose gel. Sterile water (non-template control) and omission of reverse transcriptase (non-RT control) during cDNA synthesis served as negative controls. Amplification efficiency was determined by running qPCRs on a dilution series of pooled cDNA from all the subjects. Resulting cycle threshold (Ct) values were plotted against the inverse log of each dilution and the slope of this curve was then used to calculate the efficiency as follows: efficiency (E)=10−(1/slope). The normalization factor was based upon the geometric mean of the following four reference genes selected by geNorm analysis ([@DMM024752C40]): tubulin-α (*TUBA*), tubulin-β4 (*TUBB4*), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (*GAPDH*) and ubiquitin C (*UBC*). To minimize the variation, all qPCRs were conducted in duplicate. Quantitative autoradiography {#s4e} ---------------------------- Rats were killed by decapitation, their brains rapidly removed, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C. Coronal sections (16 µm) were cut on a cryostat microtome at −20°C, thaw-mounted onto gelatin-coated slides and stored at −20°C until use. Frozen sections were brought to room temperature at 60 min prior to the assay. The tissue sections (at least four slices per animal and two animals per genotype) were pre-incubated for 20 min at room temperature in 50 mM Tris-HCL buffer at pH 7.4, containing 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 2 mM CaCl~2~, 1 mM MgCl~2,~ 1 mM EDTA, 10% w/v BSA, and 1 mM ascorbate. Subsequently, the sections were incubated in fresh buffer containing 1 nM \[^3^H\]SCH23390 (85.0 Ci/mmol, GE Healthcare, UK) and 40 nM ketanserin (blocking 5-HT~2~ receptors), in the presence or absence of unlabelled 2 µM butaclamol (nonspecific binding) for 1 h at room temperature. The slides were then rinsed in cold 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer for 15 s to remove superfluous radioligand, washed (4×5 min), rapidly dipped in cold distilled water and dried under a cold stream of air. \[^3^H\]SCH23390 sections together with \[^3^H\]Microscales™ standards (GE Healthcare, UK) were opposed to a \[^3^H\]hyperfilm (GE Healthcare, UK) and manually developed after 1 month. The \[^3^H\]hyperfilms were scanned using a 9200 typhoon scanner (GE Healthcare, UK). The areas of interest were determined using the Paxinos and Watson rat brain atlas, 6th edition (<http://labs.gaidi.ca/rat-brain-atlas/>). For each brain area, a fixed size square or rectangle box was placed in the area of interest across all slices. Using the typhoon scanner, the average pixel density within the boxes was measured. This was also done for the \[^3^H\]Microscales™ standards that were used in the standard curve. The optical densities within the brain regions of interest were converted into fmol/mg of tissue equivalent using this standard curve. Non-specific binding was subtracted from total \[^3^H\]SCH23390 binding. *In vitro* Drd1 mutant overexpression studies {#s4f} --------------------------------------------- Wild-type and mutant Drd1 was N-terminally fused to a hemagglutinin epitope (HA) tag, cloned into an expression vector pcDNA3.1 (Invitrogen) and expressed in COS7 cells. At 24 h after transfection, cells were either fixed with methanol or incubated in cold DHB medium (DMEM, 25 nM HEPES and 0.2% fatty acid-free BSA) on ice for 20 min followed by 1-h incubation on ice with rabbit 1:200 anti-HA antibody (ab9110, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) in DHB medium and methanol fixation. Samples were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with blocking buffer (1% BSA in PBS with 0.1% Tween 20). Cells were immediately fixed after the transfection procedure and then incubated for 1 h at room temperature with 1:200 rabbit anti-HA antibody (Abcam) in blocking buffer. All cells were washed with PBS three times, incubated with 1:200 goat FITC-conjugated anti-rabbit-IgG antibody in blocking buffer for 1 h in the dark. After three washes with PBS, coverslips were mounted using Vectashield with DAPI (Brunschwigchemie, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) and cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The cells were checked for mycoplasma contamination, and found to be negative. Basic behavioural characterization of the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats {#s4g} ----------------------------------------------------------------- ### Adapted SHIRPA {#s4g1} The SHIRPA protocol was developed as a quick screen for general measures of health, motoric and neurological parameters in genetically modified animals. The procedure described by [@DMM024752C29] was modified for the rat. Rats were placed in a Perspex jar on a grid for 5 min and evaluated for body position, spontaneous activity, respiration, body tremor and number of fecal boli. Immediately thereafter, rats were placed in a wooden box with walls (57×57×28 cm). The floor contained separated back line drawings of 16 squares. The following behaviours were recorded: transfer arousal, latency time to walk to the walls, locomotor activity, eye opening, gait, particularities of the body hair, pelvic elevation, tail position, approach reaction and touch escape. The rats were then lifted by the tail and assessed for the position at which struggling movements occurred, as well as trunk curl, head righting reflex and clenching with the paws to the tail. At landing on the horizontal grid, the rats were evaluated for grasping the grid bar, grip strength when dragged by the tail across the grid, body tone after finger compression on each side, pinna, corneal and whisker reflexes, as well as toe-pinch withdrawal of the hind limb after squeezing with hand-held forceps. The forepaws were then placed on a horizontal bar and the ability of the rats to hang suspended was evaluated. Furthermore parameters like skin colour, hind limb tone, abdominal tone, lacrimation, salivation and provoked biting in response to a pair of tweezers being put in their mouth were observed. The air-righting reflex, together with contact righting when placed inside a small plastic tube were evaluated followed by the postural effects. Finally, rats were placed on a horizontal grid, rotated toward a vertical position of 45° and assessed for negative geotaxis, and behaviours like freezing behaviour, irritability, aggression and vocalization were scored. For all rats, the bodyweight, nose-to-tail length and rectal body temperature was measured. ### Food consumption in the home cage {#s4g2} Rats were housed in genotype-matched pairs and the wirebar lids containing standard food pellets were weighed during four consecutive days. In order to correct for bodyweight rats were weighed on the first day of measuring as bodyweight was not expected to change during this short period. ### Paw test {#s4g3} The paw test was developed to assess dopaminergic functioning and consists of a Perspex platform (30×30×20 cm) containing four holes, two hindlimbs holes (diameter: 5 cm), two forelimbs holes (diameter of 4 cm) and a slit for the tail ([@DMM024752C9]). The distance between the left and right forelimb and hindlimb holes was 15 mm, and the distance between forelimb and hindlimb holes was 55 cm. At 30 min before testing the rats were treated with SCH23390 (1 mg/kg bodyweight, intraperitoneal injection). The rats were placed on the platform by inserting the hindlimbs and subsequently the forelimbs in the holes. Hind limb retraction time (HRT) and forelimb retraction time (FRT) were measured, with a minimum of 1 s and a maximum of 30 s. The test was repeated at 40 and 50 min after injection. The three measurements were averaged. ### Novelty-induced exploratory behaviour and self-grooming {#s4g4} Rats were placed in a transparent circular open field (diameter 20 cm) for 30 min, and behaviour was videotaped. Exploratory behaviour, rearing, the duration and frequency of total grooming, and face and body grooming were analysed using Observer (Version 3.1, Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands). Additionally, another group of animals was tested in a square open field measuring 50×50×50 cm for 30 min. Locomotor activity (distance moved, cm) was monitored using EthoVision (Version 3.1, Noldus Information Technology). ### Elevated plus-maze test {#s4g5} The apparatus was made of grey PVC and elevated 75 cm above the floor. The four arms (50×10 cm^2^) formed a cross with the central platform. A wall (height: 30 cm) of non-transparent material enclosed two arms, located opposite to each other. Each rat was placed on the central platform facing one of the enclosed arms and allowed to freely explore the maze for 5 min. Behaviour was scored manually using Observer 5.0 (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands). The time spent on the open arm of the maze was calculated as a measure of anxiety, whereas the total number of closed arm entries was considered as a measure of general activity. Assessment of social behaviour in the Drd1^I116S^ mutant rats {#s4h} ------------------------------------------------------------- ### Social interaction {#s4h1} Adult rats were isolated for 3 days prior to the experiment to enhance the display of social behaviour. On the day of the experiment, pairs of rats (of similar age, sex and genotype) from different litters were placed in a standard translucent polypropylene box (40 cm×72 cm×22.5 cm high), under dim light conditions. The beddings of dust-free wood chips from both subjects\' cages were combined and transferred to the experiment box in order to reduce the novelty of the environment. The behaviour of the rats was recorded for 30 min with a video camera mounted above the cage. Duration and frequency of the following behaviours was scored offline using Observer^®^ (Noldus Information Technology, Wageningen, The Netherlands) (blinded for genotype): (1) active social behaviour, both rats are in close proximity with each other and at least one of the rats is actively investigating (sniffing, grooming etc.) the other rat; (2) passive social behaviour, both rats are in close proximity (within ∼5 cm of each other) but neither animal shows active social investigation; (3) non-social behaviour, rats are further than 5 cm away from each other. ### Social approach and avoidance {#s4h2} Social approach avoidance was measured in a T-maze (arms 50 cm long, 20 cm wide, with 25-cm-high walls) using a three-phase paradigm. In the first phase (habituation), rats were placed in the T-maze and allowed to explore the maze. After 15 min the animal was removed and the maze cleaned with 70% ethanol. Next, two small cylindrical cups (9 cm diameter) were placed upside down at the end of each of two arms. Under one cup a juvenile rat was placed, while the other cup was empty. The experimental rat was placed back and was able to explore the cups for 5 min. After this second phase, the rat was removed and a new juvenile rat was placed under the previous empty cup, while the familiar pup stayed in the previous cup. The experimental rat was placed back again and for a final 5 min was allowed to explore the T-maze. The behaviour of the experimental rats was measured using Ethovision XT v.9. This program allows for a detailed tracking of behaviour, detecting nose-point, central body-point and tail-base point separately. For this analysis, the total time the nose-point was within a zone of 5 cm of each of the cylinders was analysed. In addition, the frequency of (nose-point) zone visits was analysed. ### Scent marking {#s4h3} Scent marking was measured using a protocol very similar to that developed for mice ([@DMM024752C46]). Briefly, adult male rats were familiarized with female rats (from the same genotype) by placing them together with a female for a period of 5 min between 5 and 7 days before the experiment, to allow them to experience female scent. On the day of the experiment, rats were allowed to habituate to a novel round open field (diameter 80 cm). After 15 min the experimental rat was removed and the open field cleaned. Two circular pieces of filter paper (diameter 30 cm) were placed in opposite quadrants of the open field, one impregnated with 30 μl of lemon scent (non-social stimulus) and one with 30 μl of fresh urine (social stimulus) from females in oestrus. Females that were in oestrus (as determined by a vaginal smear; [@DMM024752C21]) were gently held between the forelimbs. This was usually sufficient to induce urine flow. This urine was collected in Eppendorf tubes and used within 1 h after collection. After both filter papers were impregnated with the smells, the experimental male rat was placed back and allowed to explore the open field for an additional 5 min. After this period the animal was removed, the filter papers sprayed with ninhydrin spray (which dyes amino acids) and dried overnight. The male urine scent markings left on the filter paper sheets were analysed by an open source software (openCFU) designed to count small circular objects (for the details of the program, see [@DMM024752C50]). To differentiate between normal micturition and scent markings (which are much smaller), a maximum filter size of 10 pixels was applied to the image processing. The variables analysed were the number of male urine markings surrounding the target scent, the size of each marking (radius), saturation (intensity of each marking) and clustering (the number of markings in close proximity to another marking). ### Ultrasonic vocalizations in young rats {#s4h4} Ultrasonic vocalizations were recorded in 7-day-old male pups. Rat pups from different litters were taken from their mother and placed in a small circular container (diameter 9 cm) with fresh bedding material on the floor. Ultrasonic vocalizations were recorded for a period of 5 min from individual pups using Ultravox XT^®^. The same program was used to count all calls within the 30--50 kHz range. Both the total number of calls and total duration were recorded. Statistical analyses {#s4i} -------------------- Data were checked for normality and homogeneity and analysed using Student\'s *t*-tests (home-cage food consumption, novelty-induced exploratory behaviour, self-grooming and elevated plus maze), mixed multivariate tests (social interaction and ultrasonic vocalizations), mixed model ANOVA with repeated measures (social approach and avoidance, scent marking), a χ-squared test (adapted SHIRPA) or a Mann--Whitney *U*-test (qPCR and paw test). All data were analysed using SPSS 16.0 software (LEAD technologies, Chicago, IL). No a priori power analysis was conducted; because of the novelty of the rat model, a priori data for a power analysis were not available. The level of significance was set at *P*\<0.05. Data are expressed as mean±s.e.m. We thank Anthonieke Middelman for excellent technical assistance. This article is part of a special subject collection 'Spotlight on Rat: Translational Impact', guest edited by Tim Aitman and Aron Geurts. See related articles in this collection at <http://dmm.biologists.org/collection/rat-disease-model>. **Competing interests** The authors declare no competing or financial interests. **Author contributions** J.R.H., J.D.A.O., M.V., J.Y., A.K.E., P.K., L.S., R.v.B., S.O., M.B., J.L., M.M. and G.V. conducted experiments. E.C. and B.E. generated the Drd1 mutant rat. A.R.C. critically commented on the data. J.R.H., J.D.A.O. and B.A.E. wrote the manuscript. **Funding** This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors. **Supplementary information** Supplementary information available online at <http://dmm.biologists.org/lookup/doi/10.1242/dmm.024752.supplemental> [^1]: These authors contributed equally to this work [^2]: Deceased

412 So.2d 1349 (1982) STATE of Louisiana v. Thomas LOWDINS. No. 81-KA-2271. Supreme Court of Louisiana. April 5, 1982. Rehearing Denied May 14, 1982. *1350 William J. Guste, Jr., Atty. Gen., Barbara Rutledge, Asst. Atty. Gen., Leonard Knapp, Jr., Dist. Atty., Evelyn Oubre, Eugene Bouquet, Asst. Dist. Attys., for plaintiff-appellee. Alvin B. King, Terry Thibodeaux, Lake Charles, for defendant-appellant. FRED S. BOWES, Justice Pro Tem.[*] The defendant, Thomas Lowdins, was charged by a grand jury with crime of second degree murder, in violation of La. R.S. 14:30.1. He was tried before a twelve-person jury which found him guilty as charged. The court then sentenced him to serve life imprisonment at hard labor without benefit of parole, probation or suspension of sentence. On appeal, defendant relies on ten assignments of error for reversal of his conviction. Assignment numbers four, five and ten were neither briefed nor argued and therefore are considered abandoned. Mary Ann Francis was killed on November 15, 1980. Ms. Francis and the defendant, Thomas Lowdins, had been living together in the victim's home for a week prior to the murder. Ms. Francis had left Lowdins and stayed with her mother for a few days. She returned to her home on Saturday. Later that evening, there were ten to twelve people inside her house. Without saying a word, Lowdins walked up to the house, opened the door, pulled out a pistol, and shot Ms. Francis. As she fell to the floor, Lowdins fired two more shots at her and then spoke, asking where somebody else was. There was no evidence of a quarrel or provocation prior to the killing. Assignment of Error Number 1 By this assignment, the defendant contends that the trial judge erred in excusing prospective jurors without the presence of defense counsel. After the roll call of cases set for trial that morning had been completed, and the defendant had announced his readiness for trial, the judge questioned prospective jurors at the bench concerning their requests for hardship excuses. Subsequently, some of the jurors were excused. The defendant bases his argument on La. C.Cr.P. Art. 831 which states in pertinent part: *1351 A defendant charged with a felony shall be present: (3) at the calling, examination, challenging, impanelling, and swearing of the jury, and at any subsequent proceedings for the discharge of the jury or of a juror; However, this court stated in State v. Williams, 258 La. 801, 248 So.2d 295 (1971): (1) A trial court may excuse a member of the petit jury venire at any time prior to the time he is sworn as a juror to try a particular case. La.C.Crim.P. Art. 783. He may excuse members of the venire in advance of the time of trial, providing he does not abuse his discretion in this regard. Official Revision Comment (b), Article 783; State v. Ceaser, 249 La. 435, 187 So.2d 432 (1966). (2) A juror is not "called" or "examined" within the meaning of La.C.Crim.P. Art. 831(3), until he is called for examination in the trial of that particular defendant, see La.C.Crim.P. Art. 761. The defendant need not be present when the trial judge excuses prospective jurors before his own case is called for trial. State v. McGuire, 254 La. 560, 225 So.2d 215 (1969). In this case, the roll was called for the jurors and they were afforded the opportunity to submit special reasons for being excused. Since the defendant's case had not yet been called for trial, there was no need for either counsel to be present at this procedure. According to La.C.Cr.P. Art. 783, the court may excuse a member of the petit jury venire at any time prior to the time he is sworn as a juror in a particular case. In this case, the jurors were called but not yet sworn. Therefore, the trial court committed no error in excusing these jurors. Accordingly, this assignment is without merit. Assignment of Error Number 2 By this assignment, the defendant contends that the trial court erred by denying his motion to defer the presentation of his opening argument until after the completion of the State's case. The defendant bases his argument on La.C.Cr.P. Art. 765 which provides that the defendant may waive his opening statement. Traditionally, the judge has the discretion in dealing with the order of trial; therefore, the defendant claims that the judge abused that discretion by not allowing his opening statement after the State's case. The defendant's argument, regarding the trial judge's discretion in dealing with the order of trial as prescribed by La.C.Cr.P. Art. 765, is contrary to the jurisprudence of Louisiana. In State v. Thomas, 395 So.2d 802 (La.1981), after the State had presented its evidence on the first of two counts, the defendant moved to be allowed to present his defense to that count before the State presented evidence on the second count. The trial court denied the motion and this court upheld that ruling. It noted that Art. 765 prescribes the normal order of trial and found no authority for varying that order. As the Official Revision Comments to Art. 765 indicate, "The provision of La.Code Civ.P. Art. 1632, which authorizes the court to vary the order when circumstances justify, is omitted from this article, because it seems dangerous in criminal cases." The Comment also notes that "Variations can occur, ..." but defense counsel has made no compelling argument that the trial court's refusal to vary the normal order of trial prejudiced the defendant. For these reasons, this assignment is without merit. Assignment of Error Number 3 Defendant contends that the trial court erred in refusing to suppress oral, inculpatory statements made by him to police upon their second visit with him. He alleges that these statements were taken in violation of his right to counsel. During the police officer's first interview with the defendant, he expressed a wish to talk with an attorney, at which time the officers terminated the questioning. Detective Reinecke testified that the next day he received a message from the defendant, *1352 who wanted to talk to him. Detectives Reinecke and Guillory then went to the jail for a second interview. After being advised of his Miranda rights, the defendant gave the inculpatory statement at issue. The statement was never offered into evidence. Reference, only to a portion of its contents, was made in the State's opening argument, when the prosecutor stated that the defendant had purchased the gun a short time before the shooting. At the motion to suppress, defendant testified that on Monday, November 17, 1978, he surrendered himself to the Sheriff's Department but refused to give a statement until he talked to an attorney. He stated that on the afternoon of Tuesday, November 18, 1980, two detectives requested a second interview with him in the jail. Defendant then testified that the detectives told him that they wanted to get a statement for the Grand Jury to indict him for first degree murder. At this point, Lowdins decided that he should give his side of the story. Thereafter, he gave an oral, inculpatory statement. At the hearing, defendant insisted that he did not request the second interview, as the detectives had testified. The basis for the defendant's motion to suppress was that the second interrogation, at which the statement was taken, was made in violation of the standards set forth by the United States Supreme Court in Edwards v. Arizona, 451 U.S. 477, 101 S.Ct. 1880, 68 L.Ed.2d 378 (1981). In Edwards, the United States Supreme Court held that "when an accused has invoked his right to have counsel present during custodial interrogation, a valid waiver of that right cannot be established by showing only that he responded to further police-initiated custodial interrogation, even if he had been advised of his rights." The Court also held that the accused is not subject to further interrogation by the authorities until counsel has been made available to him, unless the accused himself initiates further communications with the police. In this case, there was a dispute as to whether the defendant initiated the interrogation after declaring that he wished to see an attorney. After hearing all the evidence at the motion to suppress, the trial judge decided the credibility question in favor of the police officers, who testified that the defendant requested the second interview. Admissibility of a confession is, in the first instance, a question for the trial judge, whose conclusions on credibility and weight of testimony relating to voluntariness will not be overturned unless they are not supported by the evidence. State v. Lewis, 353 So.2d 703 (La.1977). We feel that the trial court's determination on the motion to suppress was supported by the evidence. Even assuming the circumstances of obtaining the inculpatory statement did violate the standards set out in Edwards supra, the question would then become whether the error is a reversible one. Looking at the facts of this case, it appears that ten or twelve eye-witnesses to the actual shooting would be ample testimony to support the specific intent element of second degree murder. The time at which the defendant purchased the gun used would hardly affect the jury's verdict in light of this other overwhelming evidence. Thus, even if the prosecutor's remarks were error, and the statement should have been excluded, that error would be harmless and no reason for a reversal. This assignment is without merit. Assignment of Error Number 6 By this assignment, defendant contends that the trial court erred in refusing to give special requested jury charges regarding the presumption of intoxication contained in La.R.S. 32:662(A)(1). The defendant argues that his requested charge was a correct statement of the law under R.S. 32:662. Counsel argued in brief that the statute touched upon the central issue at trial: the degree of defendant's intoxication at the time he shot the victim down. *1353 We feel the requested charge was not "wholly correct and pertinent" to the case under La.C.Cr.P. Art. 807. La.R.S. 32:662 deals with legal intoxication for the purpose of the operation of automobiles on the open road. Intoxication for purposes of the motor vehicle code, and the degree of intoxication necessary to negate an essential element of a major felony offense, are clearly different matters. Defense counsel's charge was potentially misleading, as it invited the jurors to conclude that because the defendant was legally presumed intoxicated, he lacked the specific intent to commit the crime. R.S. 14:15(2). The trial court, therefore, correctly refused to give the charge. La.C.Cr.P. Art. 807. This assignment is without merit. Assignments of Error Numbers 7, 8 and 9 By these assignments, defendant argues that the trial court erred in charging the jury that the State need only prove its case by a preponderance of the evidence. After the charge was read to the jury, the defense objected and moved for a mistrial. The judge denied the defendant's motion and reread a portion of the charges to the jury with "beyond a reasonable doubt" substituted for "preponderance of the evidence." Defendant contends that the jury was confused by the conflicting standards for guilt and, therefore, a mistrial should have been granted. There is no evidence to support defendant's argument that a group of reasonable people, such as the jury, could not change the standard for guilt to "beyond a reasonable doubt" without confusion. Since the jury was properly reinstructed by the judge, there appears to be no grounds for the defendant's argument. Accordingly, these assignments are without merit. DECREE For the above reasons, the conviction of the defendant is affirmed. ON APPLICATION FOR REHEARING CALOGERO and DENNIS, JJ., concur in the denial of the application for rehearing while expressing reservations about that portion of the majority opinion which finds no merit to assignment of error number three by reason of harmless error (in the alternative). NOTES [*] Judges Fred S. Bowes and Nestor L. Currault, Jr. of the Twenty-Fourth Judicial District Court and Edward Dufresne, Jr. of the Twenty-Ninth Judicial District Court participated in this decision as Associate Justices pro tempore, joined by Chief Justice Dixon and Associate Justices Marcus, Blanche, and Watson.

Daniel Yule won the men’s World Cup slalom of the traditional Hahnenkamm races on Sunday for his third victory in 2020. The Swiss skier posted the fourth-fastest time in the final leg to overtake surprise first-run leader Lucas Braathen of Norway, who dropped to fourth, 0.49 seconds off the lead. Yule earlier won in Madonna di Campaglio and Adelboden, and closed the gap to slalom World Cup leader Henrik Kristoffersen to just 17 points. Kristoffersen shared fourth place with his Norwegian teammate. Austria’s Marco Schwarz finished 0.12 behind Yule in second, while Clement Noel was a quarter of a second further back in third, a week after the Frenchman won at another classic venue, Wengen. Wearing start bib No. 34, Braathen had mastered a difficult course set in the opening run to build a lead of 0.33 seconds over Yule. The 19-year-old Norwegian attacked again in his final run but lost time due to two mistakes in the middle section. In only his second season on the World Cup, the 19-year-old Braathen has racked up five top-10 results. The Norwegian was not the only lower-ranked skier to draw attention as Austria’s Adrian Pertl, who wore bib No. 73 and had not scored World Cup points before, posted the fastest second-run time and finished in eighth. It was only the first time in five World Cup starts that Pertl had qualified for a second run. Widely regarded a main contender for the overall title, Alexis Pinturault lost further ground on Kristoffersen. The Frenchman was fifth after the opening run before straddling a gate in the second and failing to score any World Cup points. Pinturault also didn’t finish his second run at the slalom in Wengen last week. The next men’s World Cup race is a night slalom in Schladming on Tuesday.

Anthony Chickillo | Defensive End Latest News Recent News Chickillo (6'3/267) made 47 starts for Miami, piling up 25 tackles for loss, 15.5 sacks, and two forced fumbles. He shined at the Combine, running 4.79 with a 7.17 three-cone time, one of the best by a defensive lineman. Miscast as a block-occupying 3-4 end at Miami, Chickillo turned heads at the East-West Shrine Game, where he was allowed to rush off the edge. Although Chickillo isn't a truly explosive rusher, he has long arms (33 1/2") and big hands (10 1/8") and will likely stand up in a designated pass rushing role. May 2 - 5:03 PM Miami DE Anthony Chickillo worked out exclusively as an OLB during his pro day and struggled, according to TFY Draft Insider's Tony Pauline. "He was stiff and looked poor trying to backpedal in coverage drills," Pauline wrote. Unfortunate news for a prospect some had seen as a sleeper. The star-crossed Chickillo was miscast as a 3-4 defensive end in college but appears to have miscast himself as an outside linebacker for scouts. The 6-foot-3 1/8, 261-pounder, a former five-star prospect, is a 4-3 DE at the next level. Apr 7 - 9:50 PM The analyst added that Chickillo was an "absolute terror in the East-West Shrine Game." We can understand why a sect of evaluators believes Chickillo is a sleeper. He didn't post much in the way of stats in college, but was miscast as a 3-4 defensive end. The 6-foot-3 1/8, 261-pounder is a former five-star prospect who ran an impressive 4.77 40-yard dash with a 10-yard split of 1.59 seconds at the combine. "Someone is going to get a gem in the third or fourth round," Davis previously said. Mar 20 - 10:59 PM NFL Media analyst Mike Mayock said Miami DE Anthony Chickillo has "got a better get-off than people understand." Chickillo didn't provide much production in college, but he was miscast as a 3-4 defensive end. The 6-foot-3 1/8, 261-pounder is a former five-star prospect who ran an impressive 4.77 40-yard dash on Sunday with an impressive 10-yard split of 1.59 seconds. "Someone is going to get a gem in the third or fourth round," NFL Media's Charles Davis said. Feb 23 - 1:16 AM Player News Miami DE Anthony Chickillo worked out exclusively as an OLB during his pro day and struggled, according to TFY Draft Insider's Tony Pauline. "He was stiff and looked poor trying to backpedal in coverage drills," Pauline wrote. Unfortunate news for a prospect some had seen as a sleeper. The star-crossed Chickillo was miscast as a 3-4 defensive end in college but appears to have miscast himself as an outside linebacker for scouts. The 6-foot-3 1/8, 261-pounder, a former five-star prospect, is a 4-3 DE at the next level. The analyst added that Chickillo was an "absolute terror in the East-West Shrine Game." We can understand why a sect of evaluators believes Chickillo is a sleeper. He didn't post much in the way of stats in college, but was miscast as a 3-4 defensive end. The 6-foot-3 1/8, 261-pounder is a former five-star prospect who ran an impressive 4.77 40-yard dash with a 10-yard split of 1.59 seconds at the combine. "Someone is going to get a gem in the third or fourth round," Davis previously said. NFL Media analyst Mike Mayock said Miami DE Anthony Chickillo has "got a better get-off than people understand." Chickillo didn't provide much production in college, but he was miscast as a 3-4 defensive end. The 6-foot-3 1/8, 261-pounder is a former five-star prospect who ran an impressive 4.77 40-yard dash on Sunday with an impressive 10-yard split of 1.59 seconds. "Someone is going to get a gem in the third or fourth round," NFL Media's Charles Davis said. Amongst the small group that gained an uptick in stock in the game itself, Chickillo is near the top. In Miami's two-gap, 3-4 scheme, Chickillo was given the thankless task of occupying blockers so that his linebackers could make plays. Chickillo was a 4-3 defensive end on Saturday, and the results were promising. "After signing at Miami as an extremely high regarded prep, Chickillo wasn't terribly productive at the collegiate level," Rang wrote. "He projects nicely as a rotational defender in the NFL, however, as he has nose for the ball, plays with a terrific motor and, as he showed in this game, has position and scheme versatility." CBS grades the 6-foot-4, 275-pounder as a high-Day 3 prospect. NFL Media analyst Daniel Jeremiah believes Miami senior DE Anthony Chickillo could be "a mid-round pick who will be around a long time." Chickillo, a former five-star recruit, started nearly every game during his four years on campus. Unfortunately, his sack totals dropped from five as a freshman in 2011 to four in 2012 to 3.5 in '13 to three this season. "He was a valuable player for the Hurricanes known for his high-revving motor and ended up being better against the run than was expected," added College Football 24/7 writer Mike Huguenin. "Chickillo showed off his relentlessness and tenacity in almost every drill this week." CBS grades the 6-foot-4, 275-pounder as a high-Day 3 prospect. Miami senior DE Anthony Chickillo is more of a "run stuffer than pass rusher and projects as a rotational end," according to CBS Sports' Dane Brugler. "The first three-generation student-athlete at Miami, Chickillo arrived in Coral Gables as a top recruit, but his senior game tape looks very similar to his performance as a true freshman. He is more of a run stuffer than pass rusher and projects as a rotational end," Brugler wrote. Chickillo, a former five-star recruit, has started almost every single game Miami has played during his four years on campus. CBS grades the 6-foot-4, 275-pound Chickillo as a high-Day 3 prospect. Miami senior DE Anthony Chickillo accepted an invitation to play in the East-West Shrine Game. The 6-foot-4, 275-pound Chickillo, a former five-star recruit, has started almost every single game Miami has played during his four years on campus. He may not have developed into the superstar some had anticipated, but Chickillo is a serviceable end who should enjoy a long NFL career. Chickillo received a fourth-to-fifth round draft projection from the NFL's advisory board over the winter, but he elected to exhaust his eligibility with the Hurricanes. CBS grades Chickillo as a high-Day 3 prospect, about where his stock was last season. Miami senior DE Anthony Chickillo "could see a substantial rise in his stock with better sack production as a senior," wrote CBS Sports' Derek Stephens. Chickillo received a fourth-to-fifth round draft projection from the NFL's advisory board over the winter, but he elected to exhaust his eligibility with the Hurricanes. "Though not the naturally explosive edge rusher that teams look for in the early rounds of the draft, Chickillo plays an extremely consistent and balanced brand of football demonstrating a strong anchor and good vision against the run, power to set the edge, and a high motor to grind opponents down," Stephens wrote. "He'll even occasionally flash moves to suggest he could develop more of a repertoire as a rusher, despite the fact that his sack numbers have regressed each season since posting five as a true freshman." The 6-foot-4, 275-pound Chickillo, a former five-star recruit, has started 34 consecutive games for Miami. Miami junior DE Anthony Chickillo received a fourth-to-fifth round draft projection from the NFL's advisory board, according to the Miami Herald. At 6-foot-4, 275 pounds, Chickillo is still growing into his frame. The former five-star recruit started nine games as a true freshman and 12 more in 2012. He finished with only 3.5 sacks in 2013. His decision isn't up to us, but Rotoworld would advise Chickillo to return to school and work on his pass-rushing technique. He's an unfinished product who could potentially make a big leap forward in 2014.

Newspapers around the state - big chain dailies and small weeklies alike - have just observed the 150th anniversary of the Wisconsin Newspaper Association (WNA). That makes it the oldest press association in the world. On hand for a "big bash" celebration in Middleton, complete with indoor fireworks, were the governor, lieutenant governor and three members of the Wisconsin Supreme Court, which is noting a similar anniversary. One of the night's speakers was Mike Mathes, former WNA president and a fellow small-town, family newspaper publisher. Speaking from the heart, he made it clear why some of us seek out and even endure this profession. "Such an occasion called for an opportunity to pause and reflect on the meaning of those 150 years of battling for the newspaper industry - including the ongoing struggle to maintain open records, open meetings and press freedoms, not only in Wisconsin but in our nation," Mathes wrote in a follow-up column in his Kiel Tri-County News. "Newspapers, alone, stand as one of the strong institutions in their community. They gain their stature from strength of purpose. We are an institution that provides public information, a vital element in any democratic form of government. ... "The strength of purpose of newspapers flows from the fact that they have long been a stable, recognized source of public notice. In newspaper notices, government entities are not only asked to alert the public to meetings, budgets, elections and decisions of record, they essentially leave a paper trail for all to follow. Current and upcoming budget crises for state and local governments should not be seen as an avenue to interrupt this vital link between elected officials and the people they represent. Publication of legal notices insures open and honest government. It does so in a medium that stands the test of time, rather than one that may be so fleeting as a post to a web site. "Newspapers take root in their strength of purpose as an avenue for a free exchange of ideas. Be they liberal or conservative - in support of our ideas or contrary - our viewpoints pages have always been open to a free discussion on the opinions of the day. As Thomas Jefferson once said, we may disagree vehemently with what some of our letter writers or even our columnists may have to say, but we will defend to the death their right to say it. Do letter writers or columnists in Iraq or Saudi Arabia have the same conduit to freedom of expression - hardly. The result is a government that operates out of oppression, silencing its critics and often extorting or even torturing them into submission to the government's message of the day. "Finally, the strength of purpose of newspapers stems from their role in the free and open marketplace of our local economics. ... "From this strength of purpose have grown individual institutions which stand tall in their own communities. Yet, like the mighty redwoods, whose network of roots lies just beneath the surface, they are all intertwined with the same strength of purpose. Together, in their common struggle for the past 150 years, they have jointly advanced the cause of supporting our economic and democratic way of life. "One further aspect of newspapers that is vital to consider is their permanence. Newspapers are mirrors of today's communities - a snapshot of what life in that community is like on any given day or week. Yet, long term, they serve as portals of history, always in print to reflect on the events of our times throughout all posterity. The power of the printed word has permanence. It reminds us of the old anecdote - bartenders drink their mistakes, doctors bury theirs, but newspaper publishers live with theirs forever. Long after a web site has refreshed, a radio broadcast has faded into the woodwork, or a television newscast has been archived on videotape, the words and pictures in a newspaper will still be there for all to see. We may see the coming and going of media, but as long as people are born with eyes and trained to read, newspapers will be the easiest means of accessing vital information to help our society move forward." WNA has been an important part of our lives personally, and we are proud to be counted among the stewards of the newspaper tradition. - - - - It is with equal pride that we congratulate our own staff on some awards garnered at the WNA convention. Five advertising honors join the many other plaques and certificates this newspaper has collected over the years. Special recognition goes to long-time graphic artist Lizette Crossman and newer sidekick, Jessica Dittmer, who put their talents to work designing these winning ads and others like them week after week. Likewise, acknowledgement is extended to sales representatives Mark Nyberg and Kim Ann Beller, who are in the trenches, meeting face to face with the advertisers each day, working to help them develop individual ads and campaigns that are not only successful, but attractive and affordable. And, there's General Manager Ann Becker, who helps tie everything together, and can claim many of the campaign ideas herself. We'd be remise, however, in not always recognizing how a newspaper's success hinges on its entire staff: from the person answering the phones, to the reporters who add the news content, to the proofreaders, to an entire mailing crew who get the final product out the door. There wouldn't be a newspaper in your hands without all their efforts.

An open source, versatile web browser-based search and visualization architecture for complex multilevel linguistic corpora with diverse types of annotation. ANNIS ANNIS is an open source, browser-based search and visualization architecture for multi-layer corpora. It can be used to search for complex graph structures of annotated nodes and edges forming a variety of linguistic structures, such as constituent or dependency syntax trees, coreference and parallel alignment edges, span annotations and associated multi-modal data (audio/video).

FTW – Netflix takes a proactive approach, steps up and owns it. I signed up for a Netflix account recently after purchasing a new Blu-ray player that supports Netflix movie streaming. I figured "Wow, this is great. I can watch movies when I want from my netflix queue." My only worry was, would my current internet connection be able to sustain a quality viewing experience. I still have Verizion DSL. My town does not have FiOS available (and no plans to), and my location has an effect on overall DSL speeds. I've learned to live with it. So when I had some intermittent problems accessing and watching movies via netflix, I assumed it was due to my connection. That is, until I received an email from Netflix that stated: "Recently, you may have had trouble instantly watching movies or TV episodes via your Netflix Ready Device due to technical issues. We are sorry for the inconvenience this may have caused. This is not a great way to begin your Netflix membership. So that you can properly experience Netflix, we would like to extend your free trial.." I did not complain about the service, and in fact attributed it to my sometimes questionable DSL connection. But Netflix was right there to voluntarily step up, take the initiative and say oops, we goofed. It's refreshing to see a company take responsibility for their service without being prompted. There is the argument that I am still on a trial membership basis, and they are just trying to initiate some damage control to keep me on as a paying user when the trial expires. Maybe, but it's good to know they are keeping tabs on the service and own it when something goes wrong.

Report Claims ICNA Imam Facing Indictment A former leader and current member of the Islamic Circle of North America (ICNA) may soon be charged with crimes stemming from activities during the 1971 Bangladesh war of independence. The country’s International Crimes Tribunal reportedly will indict Ashrafuz Zaman Khan for the suspected murder of pro-independence intellectuals. The war divided Pakistan and Bangladesh into two separate nations, but not before Islamist unionists and the Pakistani army launched systematic massacres of civilians and intelligentsia supporting independence. Khan is alleged to have been an active participant and to have even functioned as an executioner. Ironically, Khan gave a speech last April during an anti-war rally in New York, in which he decried the harm done by the war on terror. “In Iraq, the U.S. had more than 150,000 troops plus 190,000 contractors. One million people were killed and the whole infrastructure of the country was destroyed,” Khan said. “On behalf of the Islamic Circle of North America, I [sic] ordering you and all other peace loving people to continue this struggle to end the wars and terrorism to make this world as a peaceful abode.”” Khan has been active in ICNA, a group that bills itself as “a leading grassroots organization in the American Muslim community.” He served as secretary general in 2000 and vice president in 2001, and was the president of the ICNA New York chapter when he made the speech. But ICNA itself has had a checkered past. It was founded by activists from the extremist organization Jamaat-e-Islami, the South Asian equivalent to the Arab world’s Muslim Brotherhood, which has expressed support for violent jihad against American forces and other non-Muslims in Iraq, Afghanistan, Palestine and elsewhere. The Jamaat also salutes the jihad of groups like Hamas, Hizballah, and Hizbul Mujahideen in Kashmir. ICNA’s constitution is largely copied from Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan’s founding documents, including the goal of promoting Islam as an alternative to Western society. Its education platforms teach books by Jamaat founder Syed Abul Ala Maududi, which are banned in Bangladesh for reasons of incitement. And the group is suspected of inciting young members to participate in foreign jihads, as wasemphasized in a 1997 article in the group’s magazine. Khan’s alleged crimes in Bangladesh came as part of the pro-Pakistan al-Badr militia and in conjunction with the local Jamaat-e-Islami branch. Bangladesh has indictednational Jamaat leaders for their roles in the 1971 killings, proscribed books by the group’s founder for their “militancy and terrorism,” and repeatedly threatened to banthe organization as a whole. Groups like the Secular Voice of Bangladesh claim Khan had a role in organizing the killings, and say his record is well-documented in his personal diary. They claim Khan was a chief executioner for the al-Badr force, personally killing seven Dhaka University teachers in the city of Mirpur. The names and addresses of other intellectuals who were murdered or went missing in 1971 reportedly are recorded in the diary. Khan’s driver during the massacres, identified as Mr. Mofizuddin, is said to have already given testimony against him. The news hasn’t escaped the ears of American officials, who asked the Bangladeshi government for clarifying information in 2008. According to the Secular Voice of Bangladesh and other Bangladeshi news sources, Eli Rosenbaum, former chief of the Office of Special Investigation in the Justice Department, put in the request. Rosenbaum hunted Nazi war criminals in the United States, often using deportation as a tool to send the accused back to their home countries to face justice. Although the United States does not have an extradition treaty with Bangladesh, positive confirmation of the information could result in the revoking of Khan’s American citizenship and deportation to Bangladesh for trial. It is not known if or when the Bangladeshi government responded to Rosenbaum. ICNA has not offered comment about the Khan’s alleged crimes, nor his role in the organization. However, Bangladeshi charges against him will certainly lead to a debate about deporting the Imam from the U.S. and stripping him of his citizenship.

Twitter Delinquent Disorder (TDD) | #eBizWires | Howard Feldman Remember when sex addiction was all the rage? Anyone caught with their proverbial pants down supposedly had an addiction that needed a cure. Which was a convenient and useful an excuse for their indiscretion. Before we knew it, hotels (re-named Wellness Centres) were bursting at the seams with so called sex- addicts, or put differently, anyone requiring a quick cure to save their marriage and reputation (but not in that order). Ask Michael Douglas. And Charlie Sheen. And Jesse James. And David Duchovny. But sex addiction is no longer a thing (not even in the White House), and in its place, a new epidemic is fast spreading across the globe. It is known as Twitter Delinquent Disorder (TDD)– and it kills reputations in less than 280 characters. It is often incurable and no amount of explanations or apologies or deletes will reverse the damage done. Once tweeted, the infection quickly contaminates even past behaviour resulting in a fall out and in harm that extends very far outside the scope of the tweet. TV shows have been known to be cancelled and jobs have been known to be lost. The twitter community is unforgiving, and the only responsible approach to a TDD is prevention rather than cure. Much like safe-sex. The challenge is to identify those at risk. Once they have been recognised as being a potential TDD sufferer, the Tweeter’s phone needs to be confiscated immediately, the sufferer needs without delay to enter the Wellness centre and to receive “Tweetment” (blame the marketing people). The most common symptoms of TDD include racism, sexism, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia and fat-shaming. Random name-calling, although unpleasant is not an absolute confirmation of TDD unless it contains the elements listed above. To date, TDD cannot be confirmed physiologically although it is noted that stupidity has a high level of association with this disease. It does need to be noted that contrary to comments on social media, Ambien (locally known as Stilnox) is not an acceptable justification for TDD. Tweeting under the influence of this sleeping tablet (as in the case of Rosanne) does not eliminate TDD confirmation. Whereas Ambien might well cause drowsiness, nausea, light-headedness, insomnia and headaches, it is not known to cause any form of active prejudice. So much so that when comedienne Rosanne tried to explain her tweet by saying that she had taken an Ambien, the producers, Sanofi-Aventis were quick to publicly note that “Racism is not a side effect” of the medication. That said, one does wonder if new packaging might not only suggest that one “Should not operate heavy machinery” after having taken the drug, but also that users “should refrain from tweeting” as well. It’s a whole new world. With some very old prejudices. TDD is what happens when one is unable to separate emotion from sensibility. It also is what happens when one forgets that context and framing is important and that without an explanation of some sort, a sentence in 280 characters or less might well read poorly to someone who does not live inside your brain. It’s what happens when you “lose it” on a platform of millions and what happens even if you have 12 followers, one of which doesn’t like you. For those fearing the spread of TDD, it should be of comfort to note that if one is not a misogynist in real life then it is unlikely that they will be one on Twitter. If racism or anti-Semitism is not your “vibe” at home or at work or at the mall, then it is unlikely that you will be one on a social media platform. It is of course possible to be misunderstood. But an explanation, along with an apology is most likely all it will take to clear up a false positive. Twitter is often an ugly place to be. In the last week I have been called names that could upset me if I were sensitive. I have been accused of things that could even impress me if I were more aspirational (in world domination). The answer is to not take them too seriously, to let it wash over you without getting dirty and to focus rather on the incredibly funny, kind and informative people who are not and who will never be sufferers of the dreaded TDD. ABOUT Howard Feldman Howard Feldman is one of South Africa’s leading entrepreneurs. His experience is global and extensive, spanning more than 20 years of working as a businessman, philanthropist and social commentator. Feldman was the chairperson of the Board of the South African Jewish Report, the only weekly Jewish newspaper in Africa, and he is a global keynote speaker, business strategist, author and morning drive show host. Regularly published in local and global publications, Feldman provides insights into strategic thinking, motivation, facilitating solutions and addressing organisational challenges. Feldman has used his experience and innate understanding of markets and business to also take his career into the fields of writing and radio. He is the author of two successful books – Carry on Baggage and Tightrope: Musings of Circus South Africa – and is the Morning Mayhem host on ChaiFM from 6am-9am, Mondays to Fridays. With this vast repertoire of skills and talent, Feldman is committed to providing individuals and organisations with the tools they need to thrive within a mercurial and challenging business world. His own life experience has allowed him to recognise the value of people and relationships without compromising on the energy of entrepreneurship and career growth. Feldman delivers thoughtful, humorous and insightful commentary that organisations can use to unravel complexities and unlock talent and potential. Thanks to his experience working across various markets, the legal profession and commodities markets to name a few, his skills lie in his ability to challenge, educate and engage. About eBizRadio eBizRadio is a live multi- platformed social media service providing an online forum to the business community for holding conversations on the key issues related to specific businesses as well as availing a space for cross-business collaboration in response to key issues affecting the world of business. The place to go if you want to know about business and lifestyle Post navigation eBizRadio eBizRadio is a live multi- platformed social media service providing an online forum to the business community for holding conversations on the key issues related to specific businesses as well as availing a space for cross-business collaboration in response to key issues affecting the world of business. The place to go if you want to know about business and lifestyle

[Dynamic variation of HIV-1 CRF07_BC env gene in early HIV-1 infection]. To understand the evolution of HIV-1 CRF07_BC envelope, we performed a longitudinal study on two patients during their early HIV-1 infection. RNA was extracted from the plasma of the individuals and the C2-C5 fragments of the gp120 gene of HIV-1 were amplified by RT-PCR. Purified DNA segments were inserted into T easy vector and transformed into E. coli Top 10 competent cells. Positive clones were identified by blue-white screening, confirmed by PCR and sequenced by ABI 3700. The samples were collected from the patients every 6 months from seroconversion time. The genetic diversity and divergence in env gene showed consistent increases over time. Our sequence analysis also revealed obvious non-synonymous change in env C1, C3 and V4 regions among these samples. The results support the concept that the consistent pattern of viral evolution existed during early phase of HIV-1 infection. C1, C3 and V4 region of env gene may be mainly immunological target during AIDS progression.

Thursday, May 19, 2011 DOMINIQUE STRAUSS-MATRIX After I protested internally and in writing about UK complicity in torture, I found myself suddenly faced with eighteen allegations against me by my employer, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, including an allegation that I had criminally expedited visas for women in return for sexual favours, or to put the same allegation more bluntly, blackmailed visa applicants into sex. My world collapsed. Like Strauss-Kahn, I ended up on suicide watch. I don’t know if DSK is innocent; he could indeed be a monster; but should he be innocent, I know the absolute hell he is going through. After an official British government investigation, I was presented with the file of a single visa applicant, for a young lady named Albina Safarova. From her passport photo, she was very beautiful. On the back of her application, the visa officer had written “HMA [Her Majesty's Ambassador] authorises issue.” But if I had authorised issue, my signature should have been there; it wasn’t. What was there, was a letter from the lady’s visa sponsor, a man named Dermot Hassett. In his letter of support for the application, he stated that the circumstances of the application were known to the British Ambassador, Mr Craig Murray. On top of which, there was a letter from the visa issuing officer, Lorraine Clarke, who stated that she had issued the visa after being informed by two named British diplomats that Mr Hassett was a friend of mine. So far, so damning. But I had never even heard of Mr Dermot Hassett or of Ms Albina Safarova. I had never met him. I had never met her. I was mystified. I eventually passed the papers on to a seasoned investigative journalist, Bob Graham. He tracked down Dermot Hassett, who told him that the British Embassy had advised him to add the phrase about my knowing the circumstances of the application to his letter of support. They said that would guarantee the visa would be issued. I have no reason to believe that Dermot Hassett and Albina Safarova were anything other than unwitting dupes. But this application was directly and officially shown to me as evidence of my sexual inolvement in visa applications. I have no doubt at all that it was fabricated evidence to damage my reputation and lessen the impact of any potential public revelations I may make about UK complicity in torture or extraordinary rendition. I was cleared on all charges, but that did not matter because the British government had damaged my reputation forever by promoting the allegations to the media. Those who deny the very possibility that modern western governments connive in quite deliberate conspiracies of injustice, have no idea what they are talking about. If you threaten them in any political way, they can certainly fabricate evidence against you.

‘Dougherty Gang’ Sibling: I Deserved To Get Shot! Written by Timothy Ruth on Aug. 12, 2011 The trio of siblings that were captured after a dramatic cross-country drive have a bail set at $1.25 million after they were arraigned at a courtroom in Pueblo County Thursday. The 29-year-old Lee Grace Dougherty and her two brothers — Ryan Dougherty, 21, and Dylan Stanley-Dougherty, 26 — could face charges in three states: Colorado where they were ultimately found on Wednesday, Florida where they allegedly shot a police officer, and Georgia where they allegedly robbed a bank and took an undisclosed sum of money. Pubelo County Sheriff Kirk Taylor told reporters on Wednesday that the three “have a big legal mess in front of them. The main thing is these three are off the street”. In addition to the charges in the three states, they possibly could face federal charges, according to the Denver Post. On Thursday, they were represented by William Martinez, a public defender, where the bail was set. The elder sister seems to know the predicament she has gotten into. According to an affidavit, she noted to an FBI officer, “I pointed a gun at the cop. I deserved to get shot,” she said about law enforcement shooting her in the leg before she was arrested. The three siblings were arrested Wednesday after police had set strips of spikes on the road as they drove down Interstate 25 at over 100mph. The car then flipped over a railing before two of the siblings were arrested and the other was then shortly after taken away after he ran on foot. The three came into the headlines on August 2nd after they fired shots at a police officer when they were being pulled over for speeding. Just hours and over 200 miles later, they allegedly robbed a bank in Valdosta, Georgia. The trio’s white car was spotted in Colorado just days later after their car was spotted at a local Wal-Mart and then later, a Subway convenience stop. Police were notified of the tip and the high-drama police chase had come to an end, as did their 8-day run from the police.

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484 P.2d 1075 (1971) Charles W. CARDINAL et al., Appellants, v. C. H. MASLAND AND SONS, a Pennsylvania Corporation, Respondent. No. 6308. Supreme Court of Nevada. May 14, 1971. Rehearing Granted July 15, 1971. *1076 Lionel Sawyer Collins & Wartman and Jeffrey N. Sheehan, Las Vegas, for appellants. Beckley, De Lanoy & Jemison, Las Vegas, for respondent. OPINION MOWBRAY, Justice. Charles W. Cardinal and Theresa Cardinal, as individuals and as general partners of Joe Cardinal Company, a partnership, commenced this action in the lower court against the defendant-respondent to set aside a forged deed of trust covering property of Joe Cardinal Company. The defendant-respondent answered the complaint and later moved for summary judgment on the ground that the company had ratified the forgery and was thereby precluded from recovery. The district judge agreed, and he granted summary judgment in favor of the defendant-respondent. Hence, this appeal. 1. The Facts. In February 1965, Robert J. Cardinal signed a promissory note for $167,000 in favor of respondent C.H. Masland and Sons, which note was secured by a deed of trust covering property owned by Joe Cardinal Company.[1] Robert personally signed the deed of trust, and it is agreed that he forged thereto the signatures of Charles and Theresa. The note was not paid, and Masland foreclosed on the deed of trust. This present action, to cancel the deed of trust and recover the partnership property sold to Masland under the foreclosure sale, was commenced in November 1966, approximately 21 months after Robert had committed the forgery. It is Masland's contention that Charles had knowledge of Robert's forgery in early 1965, but that he did nothing about it until the commencement of this action, and that the failure promptly to repudiate the forgery constituted ratification of it by the company.[2] It was upon this reasoning that the district judge granted Masland's motion for summary judgment. 2. Summary Judgment. Summary judgment may be granted only where no genuine issue of fact remains for trial. Zuni Constr. Co. v. Great Am. Ins. Co., 86 Nev. 364, 468 P.2d 980 (1970); Old W. Enterprises, Inc. v. Reno Escrow Co., 86 Nev. 727, 476 P.2d 1 (1970). The reason *1077 for the rule has been set forth in Parman v. Petricciani, 70 Nev. 427, 436, 272 P.2d 492, 496 (1954), where this court said: "In Doehler Metal Furniture Co. v. [United States], * * * 149 F.2d 130, 135 [2d Cir.1945], it is stated, `We take this occasion to suggest that trial judges should exercise great care in granting motions for summary judgment. A litigant has a right to a trial where there is the slightest doubt as to the facts * * *. Such a judgment, wisely used, is a praiseworthy time-saving device. But, although prompt despatch of judicial business is a virtue, it is neither the sole nor the primary purpose for which courts have been established. Denial of a trial on disputed facts is worse than delay.' "In Griffith v. William Penn Broadcasting Co., * * *, 4 F.R.D. 475, 477 [E.D. Pa. 1945], it is stated, `[T]he presence of a real and material issue of fact precludes further consideration of the matter under this [R]ule [56]. * * * It is not sufficient that the court may not credit the evidence to be offered or that the weight of the evidence is clearly in favor of one party. Under such circumstances the parties are entitled to a trial by jury to determine the facts.' "There can be no question as to these well-established principles. Summary judgment may not be used as a short cut to the resolving of disputes upon facts material to the determination of the legal rights of the parties. * * *" (Emphasis added.) We turn to consider the issues presented to the court below. 3. The Company's Knowledge of the Forgery. Respondent's motion for summary judgment was filed October 9, 1969, after the taking of Charles's deposition, which was offered at the hearing on the motion. Masland argued that there was no remaining issue of fact to be determined by the court regarding when the partnership first had knowledge of the forgery, because Charles, a general partner, admitted he had knowledge of the forgery in early 1965.[3]*1078 We agree. Appellants contend that the testimony of Edward T. Groves, the company's accountant, varies from that of Charles and thereby creates a fact issue to be determined at time of trial. We do not agree.[4] Even if it did, the court was at liberty to disregard the testimony, for Groves was not a member of the partnership. Cf. Aldabe v. Adams, 81 Nev. 280, 402 P.2d 34 (1965). 4. Ratification. Since Charles, a general partner, had knowledge of the forgery in early 1965 and did nothing about it until the commencement of this action on November 25, 1966, the district judge ruled as a matter of law: "[T]he partnership must be deemed to have ratified it." Appellants argue that this ruling was erroneous because the question of what is a reasonable time within which to repudiate after notice of the forgery is a fact question and that this question was not appropriately explored in the depositions taken. Respondent, on the other hand, contends that when the time period between knowledge of the forgery and repudiation is undisputed, the determination of reasonableness is purely a question of law. We believe, however, that the question is one that turns on the facts and circumstances of each particular case; that the time period between when the forgery becomes known and when repudiation occurs, standing alone, may not always be controlling. Inquiry was not directed to the reasons, if any exist, for the delay in repudiation and filing suit. Circumstances may or may not exist to excuse such delay. Absent this information, it was inappropriate for the district court to rule that the passage of time alone established ratification and precludes this action. For this reason we conclude that a factual determination remains to be resolved by the trier of the facts. The court said, in Rayonier, Inc. v. Polson, 400 F.2d 909, 915 (9th Cir.1968): "* * * Conduct which may be held to manifest an election to affirm an unauthorized contract includes the failure to repudiate the contract. * * * "Although Jackson [agent] and Rayonier executed the contract in January 1960, Polson [principal] did not object to it until *1079 July, 1962, a period of over two years. However, the mere passage of time does not necessarily operate to establish ratification. [Citation.] In order to infer an election to ratify a contract it is, of course, necessary that the party to be charged have full knowledge of all material facts [citations]; in the present case a considerable dispute existed concerning when Polson first acquired such knowledge." (Emphasis added.) Here, Robert controlled the affairs of the company. Charles and Theresa had very little to do with its operation. Their inactivity could possibly justify a longer period in which to repudiate the managing partner's forgery. We rule that, under the facts presented, a material fact issue does remain to be determined. Therefore, the order granting summary judgment is reversed, and the case is remanded for a limited trial on the sole issue of ratification. ZENOFF, C. J., and GUNDERSON, J., concur. THOMPSON, Justice (dissenting): It is undisputed that Charles Cardinal, a general partner, acquired knowledge of his brother's forgery in early 1965. Accordingly, the district court ruled, as a matter of law, that 21 months was an unreasonable time to wait before filing suit and that the plaintiffs must be deemed to have ratified the forgery. We cannot fault his decision on this point. The defendants acted in good faith throughout and are innocent of wrongdoing. The criminal act was that of a partner of the plaintiffs who here seek relief. It seems to us that the burden was on them to explain or excuse their delay in commencing suit [NRCP 56(e); Adamson v. Bowker, 85 Nev. 115, 450 P.2d 796 (1969); Tobler and Oliver Construction Co. v. Bd. Trustees, 84 Nev. 438, 442 P.2d 904 (1968)] or suffer possible defeat when faced with a motion for summary judgment. No explanation or excuse was offered to the court for its evaluation. The plaintiffs alone possessed that knowledge. We would affirm. BATJER, J., concurs. NOTES [1] The Joe Cardinal Company consisted of three general partners: Robert J. Cardinal; his brother, Charles W. Cardinal; and their mother, Theresa Cardinal. Since the filing of the complaint, both Robert and Charles have died. Theresa, who is the executrix of their estates, has been substituted for them in this case. [2] The district judge held: "Charles Cardinal admitted in his deposition that he had actual knowledge of the Masland encumbrance early in 1965 when he desired to sell certain property described in the deed of trust but discovered he could not because of the encumbrance. Since he took no action to repudiate the Masland transaction within a reasonable time, he and the partnership must be deemed to have ratified it." [3] Deposition of Charles W. Cardinal, in relevant part: "Q [by Grant Sawyer, an attorney for Cardinal]. In 1965 you say that you decided — or, that you would like to sell an acre and a quarter which was located back of the Frontier? "A. The first part of '65, yes. "Q. Why didn't you sell that property at the time? "A. On account of it was encumbered. "Q. Had you known prior to that time it was encumbered? Did you know there was anything against the property? "A. No, no, I did not. "Q. Did you know how that encumbrance was created against the property after you found you couldn't sell it? "A. Through the, I believe it was, Masland and Sons. "Q. But do you have any idea of it? "A. No. "* * * "Q. When Mr. Groves told you that the acre and a quarter behind the Frontier couldn't be sold, what did you say to him, if you remember? "A. I just told him if it can't be sold it can't be sold. "Q. Were you angry? What was your reaction? Can you recall? "A. I was disturbed about it, yes. "Q. Did you understand the situation at all? "A. Yes. "Q. Did you understand how it had happened or why couldn't it be sold? "A. Yes. "Q. Well, had you seen any documents or anything? "A. No, I hadn't. "Q. Then, did you understand why it couldn't be sold? "A. Yes, it was encumbered to Masland and Sons. "* * * "Q [by W. Bruce Beckley, attorney for Masland]. Now, when you discussed this one and a quarter acres, which was mortgaged to Masland, with Mr. Groves in 1965, what did you do after you found out there was a trust deed on it in favor of Masland? "A. There was nothing I could do. "Q. You did nothing? "A. No, I couldn't. "Q. But the fact is you did nothing, isn't that right? "A. That is right. "Q. And when did this conversation with Mr. Groves take place? "A. The first part of '65. I can't recall the time." (Emphasis added.) [4] Deposition of Edward T. Groves, in relevant part: "Q [by Mr. Beckley]. I will show you, Mr. Groves, what appears to be escrow instructions, Pioneer Title Insurance Company of Nevada, dated August 18, 1964, and ask you if that in any way refreshes your recollection? "A. Yes, it does. I thought it was '66. "Q. What do those escrow instructions cover? "A. It covers the sale of this particular acre and a quarter in the amount of $15,000 with $500 down to Edward T. Groves. "Q. That is you? "A. That is me. "Q. And who is named as the seller in those instructions? "A. Charles W. Cardinal. "Q. So an attempt was made by Mr. Charles Cardinal to sell to you as an individual the 1 1/4 acre parcel behind the Frontier Hotel in 1964? "A. That is correct. "Q. Now, was that transaction consummated? "A. No, it was not. "Q. Why not? "A. Because the title was clouded. It was not clouded, but it was under — up for collateral. "Q. It was what? "A. Put up as collateral for a loan. "Q. To Masland? "A. I believe so. "Q. Was that escrow cancelled? "A. Yes, it was. "Q. I show you a document dated January 19, 1965, and ask you if you can identify that? "A. That is correct. "Q. What is that? "A. It is a cancellation of Escrow No. LV91855 covering the escrow of 1 1/4 acres of land from Charles W. Cardinal to Edward T. Groves." (Emphasis added.)

Flying from San Francisco to Los Angeles can be a huge pain in the ass. You can expect to spend over $200 on your plane ticket, plus another five hours of traveling door-to-door thanks to traffic, security, and other headaches. This is the type of hassle-rich trip — short but overly expensive and overly complicated — that a new startup called Zunum Aero is aiming to reinvent. The Kirkland, Washington-based company, which came out of stealth mode today, plans to build a fleet of hybrid electric jets to sell to major carriers for service on densely traveled regional routes like San Francisco to Los Angeles or Boston to Washington, DC. The company has received backing from Boeing and JetBlue Technology Ventures, a subsidiary of JetBlue Airways. Lower operating costs (i.e., no fueling) will allow carriers to reduce fares by 40 to 80 percent, they predict. And by flying a smaller aircraft that would be subject to fewer TSA regulations, Zunum claims it will take less time to go through security before boarding one of its planes. SF to LA in half the time and half the cost Zunum aims to build several models of hybrid-electric propulsion jets. At launch, its first class of aircraft will be tiny, in the 10–15 foot range, with a 10-passenger capacity and a range of up to 700 miles on a single charge. (Think San Francisco to Portland or Atlanta to DC.) Those planes can be expected to roll off the assembly line by the early 2020s, the company’s CEO Ashish Kumar told The Verge. By the 2030s, as electric battery technology improves, Zunum hopes to build larger aircraft that can carry up to 50 passengers and travel up to 1,000 miles on a single charge. (Think Seattle to LA or Boston to Jacksonville, Florida.) “We’re entering the golden era where we’ll have high-speed links to every community on the backs of quiet, sustainable hybrid-electric technology,” Kumar said. “And that’s going to happen really fast.” Zunum has been in the works for three years. Kumar is a veteran of Silicon Valley, having worked at Google, Microsoft, Dell, and McKinsey. His co-founders are Matt Knapp, an engineer who has helped build jets and rockets, and Kiruba Haran, a University of Illinois professor who leads a NASA-funded program to develop electric airliners. Zunum’s aircraft will feature hybrid electric motors with the capacity to accept recharging power from a variety of sources. Because airplanes are typically kept in service for up to 30 years, Kumar says its important for Zunum’s aircraft to be future proof. That means designing them to be compatible with future battery designs and range-extending generators, with an eye toward ultimately switching from hybrid propulsion to fully electric motors once the technology catches up. While more and more electric cars are introduced onto the road, electric-powered aviation is still in its infancy. Tougher demands such as battery weight, in addition to regulatory requirements, have resulted in far fewer strides in electric aviation, experts say. An all-electric plane in Germany recently broke a record, flying 211 mph over a distance of under two miles. Airbus has been developing its own electric plane prototype called the E-Fan concept, which became the first electric plane to fly across the English Channel in 2015. Having just completed work on its powertrain and preliminary design of its aircraft, Zunum says its now in the “build phase.” Still, the startup has a ways to go if it’s to meet its projections. Zunum is about as small as they come, with under 10 employees right now, but Kumar says the plan is to ramp up aggressively. He wouldn’t reveal the amount of funding he’s received from Boeing and JetBlue, nor the total amount of money raised. What Kumar would disclose, however, is the origin of his company’s name. “Zunum” is a derivation of “tzunuum,” the Mayan word for hummingbird. Think small, fast, and quiet.

Q: How to know if a table exists in an Access Database in an OleDb connection I'm using the below code to connect to an Access Database using OleDb connection in C# .Net How can I know if the table that I have hard-coded into the program actually exists in the file, so that I can show the user the appropriate message? try { var dbSource = "Data Source = " + source; const string dbProvider = "PROVIDER=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;"; using (var con = new OleDbConnection()) { con.ConnectionString = dbProvider + dbSource; con.Open(); using (var cmd = new OleDbCommand()) { cmd.Connection = con; cmd.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM [Concrete Design Table 1]"; // How do I know the table name is valid? It results in errors when it is not? // How to prevent it? using (var dataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader()) { while (dataReader != null && dataReader.Read()) { // read the table here } } } } } catch (Exception e) { MessageBox.Show(e.ToString()); } A: You can get the list of tables with var schema = conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, new object[] { null, null, null, "TABLE" }); and go through them: foreach (var row in schema.Rows.OfType<DataRow>()) { string tableName = row.ItemArray[2].ToString(); } or check for existence: if (schema.Rows .OfType<DataRow>() .Any(r => r.ItemArray[2].ToString().ToLower() == tablename.ToLower())) { // table exists } Ugly, I know. :(

# Makara [![Build Status]][travis] A module to set up internationalization in Kraken and Express.js apps. `makara` is the more opinionated configuration of its component parts, suitable for dropping into an express application and working with relatively little configuration. It consists of [bundalo] for loading localized strings for use by application logic, [engine-munger] for controlling the lookup of templates and associated localized strings, and includes [adaro] as a template engine, connecting [dustjs-linkedin] to Express. There's nothing inherently dust-centric about makara, but it does provide dust template engines as a default. Using Makara ------------ Here's a tiny but complete application ```javascript var express = require('express'); var makara = require('makara'); var path = require('path'); var app = express(); var helpers = [ 'dust-makara-helpers' ]; var env = process.env.NODE_ENV; app.engine('dust', makara.dust({ cache: false, helpers: helpers })); app.engine('js', makara.js({ cache: true, helpers: helpers })); app.set('views', path.resolve(__dirname, 'public/templates')); if (env === 'development') { app.set('view engine', 'dust'); } else { app.set('view engine', 'js'); } app.use(makara({ i18n: { contentPath: path.resolve(__dirname, 'locales'), fallback: 'en-US' }, specialization: { 'oldtemplate': [ { is: 'newtemplate', when: { 'testmode': 'beta' } } ] }, localeContext: "makaraLocale" })); app.get('/path', function (req, res) { res.render('localizedtemplate'); // Or makara.getBundler(req).get('contentbundle', function (err, data) { // Do something with err and data here }); }); ``` Configuration ------------- The middleware that sets up the Express view engine replacement [engine-munger] takes most of the configuration in `makara`. * `i18n.contentPath` - `String`, the root to search for content in. Required. * `i18n.formatPath` - `Function`, a function to convert a locale to a path fragment. Optional, defaults to one that returns `country/language`. * `i18n.fallback` - `String` or `Object` as [`bcp47`] creates, the locale to use when content isn't found for the locale requested. Required. * `enableMetadata` - `Boolean`, defaults to `false`. Sets up metadata editing tags for integration with in-place content editing systems. * `specialization` - `Object`, the specialization rule map, in the form expected by [karka]. * `cache` - `Boolean`, defaults to `false`. Whether the dust engine should cache its views. * `localeContext` - `String`, defaults to `locale`. Specifies the key to the locale information in `req` object. Content ------- Content intended for localization is stored in `.properties` files as simple `key=value` pairs. These are the files that hold the content strings for the different languages your application supports. Normally, you are likely to start with a master set of content (likely in English) and the localization process will populate corresponding files for the other languages you will need. ### Placement of `.properties` files The root of the `.properties` content files is the locales folder at the top level of your project. Under it will be a folder per country (as in `US/`, `DE/`, et cetera). Below each country folder is one or more language folders (as in `en/`, `de/`). So `locales/US/en/` will be the likely location for your master set of `.properties` files. `.properties` files are correlated with the dust templates that use them, by path and name. If you have a top level `index.dust` file, its content `.properties` file will be at `locales/US/en/index.properties` This holds all the external content strings used by that template. If your template is at `widgets/display.dust` then the content for US English will be at `locales/US/en/widgets/display.properties`. If you have content you want to share across pages, then you should factor out use of that content into a separate partial and use that partial to achieve content sharing. You can override this filename mapping by providing a `formatPath` function to the makara i18n configuration. ### What's in a `.properties` file The parser for this file format is [spud]. The format is simple: `key=value` with one message per line encoded as UTF-8. Comments are prefixed with `#`. Let's look at some samples and then use them to discuss various points. `index.properties` file: ``` index.title=PayPal Merchant index.callToAction=Enroll now! index.greeting=Welcome {userName} # A list index.ccList[0]=Visa index.ccList[1]=Mastercard index.ccList[2]=Discover # A map index.states[AL]=Alabama index.states[AK]=Alaska index.states[AZ]=Arizona index.states[CA]=California ``` We are using the name of the file to start our key on each line. This is strictly a convention that makes the path to the file clear. There's duplication between the two, but it makes debugging easier. Text to the right of the `=` sign is a simple message string with the text of the message. If you have runtime values to be inserted, use dust brace to select the value from the dust template context as in the `index.greeting` line. Note that there is no restriction on inserting HTML tags into the messages. They are just another string of characters as far as the content processing is concerned. In addition to simple strings, we support lists and maps. The `index.ccList` above might be used to provide a list of values to go in a list of allowed credit cards. The `index.states` might be used to populate a dropdown list of states with the key as the option tag value and the full state name as the visible text. To support writing the key part in natural languages other than English, all UTF-8 characters are allowed with a few exceptions needed to make the key=value syntax work. The exceptions are: * No equal sign in key part (e.g. first equal sign starts the value) * No periods in key part (used to allow keys like a.b.c) * No square brackets (used for subscript and map key notation) * May not start with # (Used for comments) These same general restrictions apply to map key values. If you need to use characters that are restricted, you can do so using either of these escaping mechanisms: * `\udddd` - Like JavaScript but only handles the same characters supported by this notation in JavaScript * `\u{dddddd}` - Like JavaScript ES6 notation and handles all possible Unicode characters For example, ``` \u2603=snowman ``` would use the Unicode snowman character for the key name. ### Key Promotion There are some edge cases worth mentioning: Case 1: ``` key.subkey=value key.subkey[property]=value2 ``` In this case, `key.subkey` is created originally as a string value but is then overridden as a map. The original value will be discarded. Case 2: ``` key.subkey[0]=1 key.subkey[property]=value ``` In this case, `key.subkey` is created originally as a list but is then converted to a map when the alphanumeric key is added. ### Referencing internationalized content from a dust template This is done using the `{@message}` helper tag. A sample usage of `@message` is: ``` {@message type="content" key="index.title"/} ``` Lists and maps are bit trickier when it comes to inlining. There are two approaches available. The first uses three additional attributes on the `@message tag`, `before="xxx"` and `after="yyy"` and `sep="z"`. When emitting the list elements, each will be prefixed by the "before" string, if there is one, suffixed by the "after" string, if there is one, and separated by the "sep" string, if there is one. With sep, the last element is not followed by the separator. Note that the value `{$idx}` can be used in the before/after attribute strings and it will be replaced by the current iteration count when inlining the lists. Similarly, `{$key}` will be replaced with the current key when inlining a map. No replacement is done in the sep string. In some cases inlining won't do, even with before/after/sep. For example, if you need to pass the list as a parameter to a templating partial that might implement a dropdown functionality. For this, `@message` with a `mode="paired"` attribute offers more flexibility. The `mode="paired"` parameter produces the content list such that you can use both the index of the element for the value in an option tag and the value for the displayable text. The `mode="paired"` attribute delivers the content in the form of a JSON object, which in the case of a list of months might look like: ```javascript [{$id:0,$elt:"Jan"}, {$id:1,$elt:"Feb"},.. ] ``` This gives you more ability to work with both the list/map value and the element value in your template. In addition to `mode="paired"` there is an alternate form, `mode="json"` This generates the content list or map as a standard JavaScript array or an object with properties, respectively. For more on using `mode="paired"` see the [advanced helper] docs. Contributing ------------ Please see the [contribution guide] [engine-munger]: https://github.com/krakenjs/engine-munger [Aria Stewart]: https://github.com/aredridel [travis]: https://travis-ci.org/krakenjs/makara [Build Status]: https://travis-ci.org/krakenjs/makara.svg?branch=master [`bcp47`]: http://npmjs.org/package/bcp47 [contribution guide]: CONTRIBUTING.md [@provide]: https://github.com/krakenjs/festucam/tree/master/src/helpers/data/provide [advanced helper]: ADVANCED.md [adaro]: https://github.com/krakenjs/adaro [engine-munger]: https://github.com/krakenjs/engine-munger [bundalo]: https://github.com/krakenjs/bundalo [dustjs-linkedin]: http://dustjs.com/ [spud]: https://github.com/krakenjs/spud [karka]: https://github.com/krakenjs/karka

The new Edsels? The tough offered of Clinton and Trump Think of a Edsel. New Coke. Windows 8. And now, Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. The expected major-party presidential nominees are a many unpopular White House possibilities of a 21st century and arguably a 20th, and somehow their ad and selling gurus need to find a approach to sell ’em like a smooth-gliding Lexus or mutation that lasts. They’ve got to make people wish a product that many don’t want. The pivotal to success: “You’re traffic in a universe of desires,” pronounced Mark Ramsey, a San Diego-based corporate branding consultant. Applying promotion strategies to campaigns dates to a “Mad Men” epoch of a 1960s. And regulating them to sell a shop-worn or injured product has been a tack of campaigns given 1968, when Richard Nixon employed ad agencies to rebrand a poisonous image. Nixon mislaid a 1960 choosing after appearing dark and dismal during his initial televised discuss with John F. Kennedy, was deeply unpopular with many electorate for his relentless Communist-hunting and after losing a California governor’s foe in 1962 said, “You won’t have Nixon to flog around anymore.” The approach to code this year’s possibilities is to “find a indicate of difference, make an romantic connection, guarantee a advantage to a finish user,” Jaime Prieto, president, tellurian code management, during Ogilvy Mather Worldwide, an promotion and selling firm, wrote in Forbes magazine. First, that means an effective slogan. America runs on Dunkin’. Things go improved with Coke. Nike: Just do it. Not good enough, pronounced Kenn Venit, a Hamden, Connecticut, media consultant. Trump’s line suggests restoring a republic to an progressing time, rather than earnest to accommodate a future’s challenges. “You don’t contend you’re going to do things better. You contend you’re going to do things even better,” Venit said. Clinton suggests that, yet her aphorism has a defensive ring. The candidates, he said, need a idealist tab identical to President Barack Obama’s 2008 “Hope and change,” John F. Kennedy’s New Frontier or Ronald Reagan’s “Morning in America.” All looked forward with optimism. EDITORS: BEGIN OPTIONAL TRIM But be careful. The branding universe is dirty with good ideas that, uh, weren’t so good. The XFL football joining and a guarantee of “smashmouth” competition. Pepsi A.M., that alas, might have had caffeine yet wasn’t coffee. Remember Harley-Davidson perfume? The smokeless cigarette? And of march a United States Football League,. whose New Jersey Generals were owned by Donald Trump. The joining folded in 1985 after 3 seasons. EDITORS: END OPTIONAL TRIM Is Clinton a delay of Obama or something new? It’s confusing. Kenn Venit, a media consultant, on a Clinton brand Here are a proven steps, and a daunting challenges, to creation Trump and Clinton effective brands. Make a consumer wish a product Those continuous drink commercials during basketball playoffs make people wish some-more beer. The well-spoken float of a Lexus or an Acura – and Great Terms on a Lease! – motivate people to have a look. Campaign promises aren’t enough; simply laying out a devise is as aged as American politics itself. But branding them in a quick, crafty approach that people will remember – so creation a product overwhelming – works. Clinton promises to build on a Affordable Care Act, that is renouned among Democrats. Trump vows to build a wall separating a United States from Mexico, a large articulate indicate with Republicans. Somehow a code is indispensable that will woo a pitch voters, whose tip priority is observant their mercantile conditions improve. That doesn’t lend itself to easy branding. EDITORS: BEGIN OPTIONAL TRIM “They don’t trust a mercantile rug is built opposite them,” pronounced Will Marshall, a boss of the Progressive Policy Institute, a Democratic-leaning investigate group. “But they reject a Trumpian perspective that a economy is broken.” EDITORS: END OPTIONAL TRIM Clinton was noticed really or strongly unfavorably by 57 percent, and Trump was mentioned that approach by 59 percent in a May 24-30 Quinnipiac University Poll Connect emotionally You demeanour during Volvos since they explain to keep your family safer. The teasers for a late news advise something happened in your city that we caring about. You wish pizza pressed with cheese since you’ve worked tough and merit it. The tension that needs to be tapped this time is fear: fear of mercantile collapse, fear for one’s safety. The claimant needs to uncover an ability to residence those concerns as both a personality and as someone with their possess low romantic ties. Trump markets himself as an astute, tough-talking businessman, unshackled by domestic exactness and dear by his large family. Clinton’s code is reduction clear. Is she a mom and grandmother fighting for women’s rights? The steely diplomat? The authority and declare to White House story who understands compromise? What could boost Clinton is to take all these résumé points and supplement a sip of genuine compassion, a experts said. She needs to uncover some humanity, they said. “We don’t know a person,” pronounced Stephen Hahn-Griffiths, clamp boss during the Reputation Institute, a investigate organisation that studies open images. What gets acclaim is saying, ‘This is what I’ll do for you.’ Mark Ramsey, media strategist, on how possibilities can sell themselves Emphasize differences Look during Coke and Pepsi, pronounced Tom Asacker, a branding consultant formed in Manchester, New Hampshire. They don’t calumniate any other, since they don’t wish to repairs a category. They don’t wish people to see soda so unfavorably that they stop shopping altogether. Similarly, in politics, “you wish to build a category,” Asacker said, and a domestic difficulty has adequate problems but possibilities weakening it further. The effective approach to code an competition is to put them on a defensive, pronounced Bruce Newman said. Clinton is forcing Trump to urge his corporate record. Trump’s job her “crooked Hillary.” The risk here is going too far. As President Jimmy Carter learned in 1980, demonizing your competition can explode if a target, in that box Ronald Reagan, doesn’t seem as unpleasant as painted. I am evermore optimistic. Ronald Reagan during his 1980 discuss with Jimmy Carter EDITORS: STORY CAN END HERE There’s a furious label in this hunt for a scold brand: a events no one can control. A disaster film that’s due to be expelled a day after a militant conflict (the distributor customarily pulls a film). The Edsel, whose already-numerous problems were exacerbated as a launch coincided with a recession. Would a militant occurrence give Clinton – a experienced, critical diplomat –a boost? Or would it assistance Trump, who does good among electorate looking for leadership? Suppose there’s an mercantile slump? “If a economy dives, Trump’s code is there with a idea he’s a successful businessperson,” pronounced Bruce Newman, a highbrow of selling during DePaul University in Chicago. Trump’s code is an gifted executive who knows how to make things work. If a economy stays stable, though, it’s advantage Clinton, who can speak about ways to make it even improved by progressing Obama administration policies and anticipating new ways to assistance those struggling to find work or get out of debt. A decent economy, Newman said, “eats divided during Trump’s brand.” There’s no approach to know precisely what will work, since a candidates’ images are distinct any in new times. About all that’s certain, pronounced Asacker, is “this is going to be a tough one to figure out.”

This invention relates to lubricant compositions, and more particularly to lubricant compositions containing a synergistic mixture of a hydrocarbyl-substituted mono and bis succinimide having polyamine chain linked hydroxacyl radicals and a neopentyl polyol derivative as a detergent and/or dispersant. Internal combustion engines operate under a wide range of temperatures including low temperature, stop and go service as well as high temperature conditions produced by continuous high speed driving. Stop-and-go driving, particularly during cold, damp weather conditions, leads to the formation of a sludge in the crankcase and in the oil passages of a gasoline or a diesel engine. This sludge seriously limits the ability of the crankcase oil to lubricate the engine. In addition, the sludge with its enrapped water tends to contribute to rust formation in the engine. The noted problems tend to be compounded by standard lubrication service recommendations for extended oil drain intervals. With the introduction of four cylinder internal combustion engines which must operate at high speeds to produce the required torque output, it has become increasingly difficult to provide a satisfactory dispersant lubricating oil composition. The high temperature operating conditions increase the oil's propensity for oxidation. Oxidized oil thickens when cooled and will not afford satisfactory lubrication. Certain mineral oil based stocks are more prone to oxidation than others. The base stocks used in many European lubricating oils have been found to have a higher propensity for oxidation than base stocks used in the United States. Further, lubricant compositions need to be compatible with the elastomer seals used in internal combustion engines, such as Viton seals. Many oil additives have been found to be aggressive towards the seals causing their deterioration. Previously, nitrogen containing compounds which act as dispersants and/or detergents have been used in the formulation of lubricant compositions. Many of these dispersant and/or detergent compounds are based on the reaction of an alkenylsuccinic acid anhydride with amine or polyamine to produce an alkylsuccinimide or an alkylsuccinic acid as determined by the conditions of reaction. Such products contain a high level of nitrogen in order to provide improve dispersency in a crank case lubricant composition. One such class of compounds which are excellent dispersants and/or detergents is set forth in coassigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,482,464, whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. Other useful detergent and/or dispersant additives for a lubricant composition are based on derivatives of neopentyl polyols and polyolefinic-P.sub.2 S.sub.5 products. A preferred class of such compounds are set forth coassigned U.S. Pat. No. 3,281,359 whose disclosure is incorporated herein by reference. However, it is been found that with many lubricating oils particularly those containing European base stocks neither of these two class of detergents and/or dispersants have been found to be entirely satisfactory under all operating conditions.

Musikio Musikio is a settlement in Kenya's Eastern Province, located ninety miles southeast of Nairobi. References Category:Populated places in Eastern Province (Kenya)

First Families First is campaigning for a constitutional guarantee to be included in the referendum that would enforce the right of a child to have access to their biological parents. Backed by journalist John Waters and former MEP Kathy Sinnott, the group said it was concerned that the referendum, as proposed, would undermined the biological connection between parents and their children. Read More The group argues that the language used in the upcoming same sex referendum "amounts to an act of vandalism against the Constitution". Read More Founder member John Waters told Newstalk that the text being put to a vote was an act of "constitutional vandalism". “I think what we are proposing here is sensible and absolutely essential. It would be madness for this to go into the Constitutional. It would be insanity for the Irish people to knowingly vote this in,” he said, adding that he did not think Ireland would vote Yes when it realises the true impact such a vote would have. Online Editors

James Clinton (soldier) James Clinton ( – 24 January 1718) was an Irish soldier and politician who sired the American branch of the prominent Clinton family including 4th Vice President of the United States George Clinton and Revolutionary War Major General James Clinton. Early life Clinton was born circa 1667 in Ireland. He was the son of Elizabeth (née Kennedy) Clinton and William Clinton (1614–1684), a royalist officer in the army of Charles I of England. His father was a nephew of Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln and a grandson of Henry Clinton, 2nd Earl of Lincoln. After the king's death in 1649, his father William went into exile on the Continent for a time before going to Scotland, possibly in support of the heir to the throne, Charles II. While in Scotland he married his mother, Elizabeth Kennedy. His parents subsequently moved to the northern part of Ireland where they had one son, James. Legacy James Clinton made an unsuccessful attempt to recover his patrimonial estates in England. While there he married Elizabeth Smith, (d. 1728) the daughter of a New Model Army captain under Cromwell. James returned to Ireland, where he and his wife had three children, two daughters and a son: Christiana Clinton (1685–1776), who married John Beatty (1645–1729). Mary Clinton Charles Clinton (1690–1773), who married Elizabeth Denniston (1703–1775) and had seven children. In May 1729, his then forty year old son Charles left Dublin and emigrated to New Ulster (now Ulster County in New York, United States) in a vessel called the George and Anne. Charles had paid for the passage of 94 people aboard the ship. Descendants Through his daughter Christiana, he was the grandfather of the Rev. Charles Clinton Beatty (1715–1772) and the great-grandfather of Dr. John Beatty (1749–1826), who served as a Continental Congressman as well as the Speaker of the New Jersey General Assembly, Secretary of State of New Jersey, and a U.S. Representative from New Jersey. Through his only son Charles, he was the grandfather of seven, including Revolutionary War Major General James Clinton (1736-1812) and New York Governor George Clinton (1739-1812), who served as the 4th Vice President of the United States. References Notes Sources Category:1667 births Category:1718 deaths Category:Roundheads Category:Clinton family of New York

A Winnipeg man says he plans to use a simple math equation and Google Earth Pro to fight a photo radar ticket that claims he was speeding. Abdul Bari says by using Google Earth Pro to figure out the distance his car travelled, which he estimates based on the two photos on the ticket, he has calculated that there is no way he could have been travelling more than 50 km/h, even though the ticket says he was going 65 km/h. "I used Google Earth to calculate the distance, and where my car would be, I even put a safe extra distance to my car to make sure that I put a buffer distance so that I am 100 percent sure," said Bari. Bari, a geographic information systems (GIS) instructor at Red River College, says he holds a masters degree in urban planning and a bachelor's degree in architecture, and is well versed in math and physics. Bari says he used a simple mathematical formula that takes the distance he says his car travelled, divided by the time it took for the camera to take two photos, to figure out his speed. The exact time that lapsed between the two photos appears to be 0.82 seconds, according to information on the ticket. Bari says with the buffer space he added, he'd be going as fast 60 km/h, but using the actual location where he believes his car was, it places his speed at around 50km/h, the posted speed limit. "Less than fifty kilometres, right around 49.85 or something. It could not have been 65 kilometres per hour as they are saying," said Bari. Bari says he used Google Earth Pro software to calculate the distance his car travelled between the first and second photo on the ticket to prove he was not speeding. (Supplied) Bari says aside from his math, he knows he wasn't speeding that day because he is familiar with the area where he got the ticket at Main Street and Logan Avenue, and knew about the camera. He says that day he and his wife were on their way to a museum in the North End when they passed through the intersection. "The car in front of me, a white car, zoomed really fast … and that's when the camera flashed," he said. "I was just jokingly telling my wife, who knows [maybe] we are gonna get the ticket because he was driving too fast," he said. Bari says he also did the math to figure out where his car would have been had he actually been going 65 km/h. "My car would have to be somewhere where the white car is ... to be at 65 km/h," said Bari. "Mathematically, if they can prove me wrong, prove me wrong," he said. System based on sensors, not photos Winnipeg Police Service wouldn't comment on Bari's ticket, because it is before the courts, but did say that the photo radar cameras use sensors to determine a car's speed, and the photos are taken after the infraction has already occurred. "A vehicle drives over 2 sets of loops that are installed under the road surface. The time it take to travel between those two sets of loops is calculated and a "time over distance" calculation produces a speed reading," a police spokesperson wrote in an email. The sensors, according to information found on the WPS website, says the first sensor is located near the stop line, and the second sensor is about two metres back from the first. This graphic, available on the WPS website, shows approximately where the sensors are positioned, and where the photos are taken. (Supplied) "Once the system determines that the vehicle is over the set threshold, the camera is triggered to take an image before the vehicle crosses the stop line. The second image is triggered to be taken at a preset interval distance and is based on the speed of the offending vehicle," police said. But Bari says he's not convinced he even passed over the second sensor, based on his estimations of where his car was when the first photo was taken. The first photo on the ticket (left), shows Bari's car just before it enters the intersection. The second photo shows the vehicle inside the intersection. Bari uses estimations based on this distance to calculate his speed, within one second of time, to determine his rate of speed. (Supplied) "Someone might have caused the offence. My argument is, have I committed the offence or not? This has not proven beyond a reasonable doubt," said Bari. Outside expert needed Len Eastoe, president of Traffic Ticket Experts, says Bari's case will be an uphill battle. He says there are many variables in Bari's arguments, including the exact time apart the photos were taken, as well as estimates about the distances and where the car was when the photos were taken. "If you're estimating things and guessing at some of the positions of the vehicles and where they might be, you're going up against an electronic device that's cut into the roads with sensors that set off different things, and that's a proven device already for a number of years," said Eastoe. Len Eastoe says Bari will have to find an expert willing to testify to support his calculations because he can't act as his own expert. (Holly Caruk/CBC) Eastoe also says that Bari will need to find someone who can corroborate his work and be willing to testify to it. "I would say the court is going to be very skeptical of that [argument], and would want a lot of proof and an expert who can testify to that, and he can't be his own expert, that's not allowed," said Eastoe. Eastoe says there have been a few photo radar tickets fought based on the pictures and the seconds, or fractions of seconds, apart they were taken. "Most of the time, once it's explained in court — how and why those seconds are the way they are on the ticket — it blows their argument out of the water," he said. Bari is confident his calculations are correct and says technology can't always be trusted to be correct. "When I teach my students about a machine or a database, whatever you put in the database [is] exactly what] the database will tell you," he said. "Machines are not smarter, you are the smarter person behind the machine," said Bari. Eastoe says he welcomes a challenge to the system, and thinks the photo radar system needs to be looked at again regardless, because it doesn't do what it was designed to do, which is reduce speeding. "I think if he's confident of his evidence and his calculations, then he should put that to the court. I think it's important, because you never know when something is going to convince the court and change all the rules," said Eastoe.

Maori leaders have mounted a bid for effective ownership of a share of the country's freshwater. This would allow them, and other with water rights, to onsell it to those who need water for irrigation, hydropower and other commercial uses. Talks between the powerful Iwi Leaders Group and the Government, fronted by Deputy Prime Minister Bill English and Environment Minister Nick Smith, are at a critical stage after ministers rejected a nationwide 'Waterlords' settlement along the lines of the Sealords deal over Maori commercial fishing claims. The Government is adamant it will not hand over rights in perpetuity to Maori - but it may compromise by allowing regional councils to do local deals with Maori. Farmers are worried that there will not be enough water to go around if significant quantities of freshwater are set aside for Maori. In a Cabinet paper, Smith points to possible "catchment by catchment" deals at a regional government level. The Crown has acknowledged Maori interests and rights in freshwater but their extent and nature is at issue. The Government may set criteria by which local iwi can get preferential access to water, catchment by catchment, Smith says. Ministers and iwi leaders held a summit at Waitangi during the February 6 commemorations, in a swift response to an iwi- commissioned report proposing radical ways to deal with freshwater and Maori claims. The report, by research group Sapere, proposed a nationwide settlement, an end to 35-year renewals of water consents. and a move to permanent rights and a market in tradable water rights. It argued the regime would not only be a boon for Maori but would add $2 billion to the value of power-generating assets, $5.5b to the primary sector and boost the overall economy, while helping reduce the effects of drought through more efficient use of water. It would also open the way for the Government to levy resource taxes on income from using the water. But demoted minister Judith Collins has come out swinging against the plan, describing it as a cash grab that would hit consumers in the wallet. Officials put the value of freshwater to the economy at $34.85 billion a year. Kevin Ferris, who has dairy farms in the Waikato and Southland, has consent to use water in his dairy sheds. "We need water and if there's a risk that the water's going to go elsewhere, it's going to shift the ability to finance our business, " he said. "People don't want a knee-jerk. We want to get it right. To me it affects every New Zealander, not just me." Ian Mackenzie, a Canterbury farmer and Federated Farmers' spokesman, said the Government needed to be careful not to solve one grievance by creating another. "New Zealand's water is already allocated so the only way the Government could allocate further water to iwi is if they build more water storage infrastructure." Waikato Federated Farmers president Chris Lewis said many catchments around the region were already over-allocated. "There's no more to give out . . . You can't allocate something when there's not enough there." Waikato iwi were already well-organised with water and had what they needed for their enterprises, he said. "They have got the water they need and they have applied for it like everyone has: industry, farmers, city councils, district councils." Smith and English this week told the Sunday Star-Times they rejected key elements of the Sapere report, including the removal of the 35-year limit on water consents. "Both industry and iwi want that shifted to rights in perpetuity and the Government will not, " Smith said. The Government's view was that nobody owned water, neither the Crown nor iwi, and it was a public good. "There is not going to be any national settlement or allocation, or any sort of iwi by iwi exclusive rights. We have been making that very plain to them, " he said. English insisted freshwater claims would not spark a foreshore and seabed-style controversy like the one that engulfed the Clark Government. Some councils have preference in their plans already. For instance, in Nelson there is an agreement between iwi and the council about how it will allocate surplus water from Motueka River. Smith said the Government was reluctant to switch from a consents-based regime to the rights-based trading advocated by Sapere, but did not rule it out at a local level, pointing to existing trading schemes in North Otago and Taupo that are allowed under the Resource Management Act. Asked if some existing rights could be removed from farmers and given to iwi, English said: "I simply don't know the answer to that." A spokesman for the Freshwater Iwi Leaders Group would say only that the group "continues to engage with the Crown on Iwi freshwater rights and interests." Lawyer James Dunne, a partner in Chen Palmer, warned of a possible uninformed public backlash in light of the controversy over the Foreshore and seabed issue.

Identification and characterization of a canine highly similar to retinoic acid receptor alpha. A canine highly similar to retinoic acid receptor alpha (canine HS-RARa) cDNA was isolated from the spleen tissue. A database search and the alignment revealed that the canine cDNA was most similar to highly similar type of human RARa and was named canine HS-RARa. The expression of the genes encoding RARa in the dog was the highest in the testis and moderate in the blood, lymph node, mammary gland, pancreas, salivary gland, spleen, thyroid gland, tonsil and uterus. The nucleotide sequence encoded the 462-amino acid containing the conserved sequence motif of RARa. Though the amino acid sequences were well-conserved among species, some unique arrangements were observed within each class. In the phylogenetic analysis, each species separated according to their class. In the branch of mammals, the dog is in the cluster of humans, mice and western wild mice. However, hamsters and rats formed another branch.

Q: What does holding a resource is a class invariante mean in RAII? What does mean holding a resource is a class invariante in RAII? On the RAII's Wikipedia page it does states: In RAII, holding a resource is a class invariant, and is tied to object lifetime: resource allocation (acquisition) is done during object creation (specifically initialization), by the constructor, while resource deallocation (release) is done during object destruction (specifically finalization), by the destructor. On a D language example, we can easily understand what does a Class Invariant means: class Date { int day; int hour; invariant() { assert(1 <= day && day <= 31); assert(0 <= hour && hour < 24); } } It is a constraint referring to what can class field to hold on to be considered on a valid state. However what does it has to mean with holding a resource? Does it mean the resource is mine and will be mine from its construction by the constructor, until its destruction by de destrutor? A: Does it mean the resource is mine and will be mine from its construction by the constructor, until its destruction by de destrutor In a correctly design program this is the case but the concept of ownership is not enforced in C++. It is easy to "shoot yourself in the foot" and give the resource to some other object. For example, when the resource is a pointer, you can accidentally share it between objects, like this: struct A { int some_variable; }; struct A_holder { A* ptr; A_holder() { ptr = new A(); } ~A_holder() { delete ptr; } }; int main() { { A_holder a_holder; auto another_A_holder = a_holder; } //error because delete is called twice: //first on A_holder's pointer and a second time on another_A_holder's pointer return 0; } See https://rmf.io/cxx11/rule-of-zero for the rule of zero

This invention relates to the identification and use of cis acting nucleic acid elements that bind to nucleic acid binding factors to regulate genetic activities of nucleic acids. All living creatures store information in nucleic acid molecules called DNA or RNA that encode structural and regulatory proteins. The collective behavior of nucleic acids and proteins constitutes and controls normal cell and organismal life cycles. Nucleic acids and proteins also act as causative agents in, or response factors to, pathological conditions. Transcription of DNA into RNA, translation of RNA into proteins and other genetic events such as nucleic acid synthesis, sorting, processing, repair and degradation, are regulated by a variety of specialized nucleic acid binding factors. Nucleic acid binding factors bind to specific sequences present on the nucleic acid molecules they regulate, called cis acting nucleic acid elements. These nucleic acid binding factors, bound to their specific cis acting nucleic acid elements, are able to interact with other cellular factors to modulate specific genetic events. The binding of a nucleic acid binding factor to a cis acting nucleic acid element, or its ability to interact with other factors that mediate genetic events, or both, can be regulated in response to signals transmitted into the cell from the cell exterior. As an example, regulatory proteins called xe2x80x9ctranscription factorsxe2x80x9d bind to cis acting nucleic acid elements on genomic DNA at sites known as xe2x80x9cpromotersxe2x80x9d and xe2x80x9cenhancersxe2x80x9d present at variable distances from the site of initiation of transcription of the genes they regulate. The enhancer sequences and adjacent nucleic acid sequences, together with their bound transcription factors, are able to bend to contact the transcriptional complex bound to the promoter. Such contact can either enhance or reduce expression of the regulated gene. The human genome, which stores the genetic information of a human cell as DNA, is estimated to contain about 100,000 genes. Each of these genes and the RNAs they encode is likely to have multiple cis acting nucleic acid elements that bind to corresponding nucleic acid binding factors to regulate gene expression. These cis acting nucleic acid elements, and the factors that bind them, are potential targets for therapeutic drugs that could be used to modulate gene expression. Determining which cis acting nucleic acid elements are bound under different conditions can also be used to characterize and monitor the genetic responses of a cell under normal, pathological or experimental conditions. Current methods of identifying cis acting nucleic acid elements have several disadvantages. Most of these methods require prior identification of either the nucleic acid that is regulated, or the corresponding regulatory nucleic acid binding factor, or both. For example, once a nucleic acid has been identified, adjacent sequences, which are predicted to contain cis acting nucleic acid elements, can be isolated and subsequences therefrom are tested for cis activities. Alternatively, once a nucleic acid binding factor has been isolated, the sequences to which it binds can be identified. Other methods, which are limited to identifying transcriptional enhancer elements, involve cloning random nucleic acid sequences upstream of a reporter gene and observing expression of the reporter gene product. At present, however, there is no broadly applicable method to identify cis acting nucleic acid elements without prior identification of the regulated nucleic acid or of the regulatory nucleic acid binding factor. There is also no rapid and efficient method to simultaneously identify a plurality of cis acting nucleic acid elements. Thus, there exists a need for a method of rapidly and efficiently identifying cis acting nucleic acid elements. The present invention satisfies this need and provides related advantages as well. The invention provides a method of identifying nucleic acids containing cis acting nucleic acid elements. The method consists of contacting a diverse population of nucleic acid binding factors with a diverse population of isolated nucleic acid molecules under conditions that allow the nucleic acid binding factors to selectively bind the nucleic acids. The nucleic acids that bind the nucleic acid binding factors are identified and are characterized as nucleic acids containing cis acting nucleic acid elements. The method simultaneously provides for the isolation of nucleic acid binding factors that selectively bind the isolated nucleic acid molecules. The invention also provides methods of identifying compounds that are cis acting nucleic acid element analogs, compounds that are nucleic acid binding factor analogs, and compounds that selectively bind cis acting nucleic acid elements. The invention further provides methods to identify compounds that selectively displace binding between a nucleic acid binding factor and a cis acting nucleic acid element or between nucleic acid binding factors. The invention further provides a plurality of isolated nucleic acid molecules that each contain one or more cis acting nucleic acid elements. Also provided is a plurality of isolated cis acting nucleic acid element analogs. The isolated nucleic acid molecules containing cis acting nucleic acid elements and the isolated cis acting nucleic acid element analogs in the pluralities can be bound to nucleic acid binding factors. A plurality of isolated nucleic acid binding factors is also provided. The invention also provides a method of determining a binding state of a nucleic acid. The method consists of contacting a nucleic acid with a plurality of isolated cis acting nucleic acid elements under conditions that allow nucleic acid binding factors bound to the nucleic acid to bind to the isolated cis acting nucleic acid elements. The isolated cis acting nucleic acid elements that bind the nucleic acid binding factors are identified and characterize the binding state of the nucleic acid. The invention further provides a method of treating a pathological condition in an individual. The method consists of administering to the individual an effective amount of a therapeutic agent that selectively alters the ability of a cis acting nucleic acid element to regulate a genetic activity of a nucleic acid involved in the pathological condition. Also provided is a method of treating a pathological condition in an individual by contacting a cell of the individual with an effective amount of a targeting construct that includes a cis acting nucleic acid element and targeting sequences. The targeting construct is taken up by the cell and inserted by homologous recombination into a nucleic acid involved in the pathological condition so as to alter a genetic activity of the nucleic acid.

Q: Javascript this form equivalent to jquery form I have this in native JS <button id="submit" onclick="javascript:validateForm(this.form);return false;">Submit</button> how do I do it in jquery? I tried $('#submit').click(function(e){ e.preventDefault(); console.log(e.form) // I got undefined? }); A: In your code e is the event bound on the #submit button and it is an object called event object. It has several properties but not the form. So, You can use this: $('#submit').click(function(e){ e.preventDefault(); var form = $(this).closest('form'); // <----gets you the form console.log(form) // I got undefined? }); Can be understood that #submit button is inside the form so, you have to traverse up in the DOM tree with .closest() to get the form. if you require to have a native DOM node from jquery code, you can append [0] here: var form = $(this).closest('form')[0]; // <----gets you the native DOM node of form

Political Science Major Requirements TO DECLARE A POLS, PSIR OR PSDV MAJOR: Pick up a major-declaration form from your academic advisor and bring it to the office of our Director of Undergraduate Studies, Prof. Brox (302 Norman Mayer), during his office hours: Wednesday 10-12 and 1-3. You will be assigned a major advisor at that point. Please note, you cannot declare two political science majors. You must choose either POLS, PSIR or PSDV. Political Science Major Requirement Required Course POLS 2010 (Scope and Methods of Political Science) Three Courses from the following: POLA 2100 (or AP American Government) POLC 2300 (or AP Comparative Politics) POLI 2500 POLT 2700 One Course from the following: Statistics Component: MATH 1110 or equivalent course (double majors in SOCI or PSYC may have other options for satisfying the statistics requirement and should consult their major advisors) OR Foreign Language – students must complete one additional three-credit course beyond the SLA foreign-language requirements. Electives: SIX courses, not more than FOUR of which from any single subfield (POLA, POLC, POLI, or POLT). Level of Course Work At least two courses need to be at the 4000-level or above. This does not include internships, independent studies, or honors thesis credits. Either one course at the 6000 level OR one four-credit writing intensive course in political science. This course cannot be “double-counted” and used to fulfill the requirement above; in other words, it does not count toward the “two classes at the 4000-level or above” requirement. Students may not exceed six credits of internship toward their total hours of graduation and can count only one internship course (POLS 4560) toward major requirements. Concentration in International Relations (PSIR Major) Required Course: POLS 2010 (Scope and Methods of Political Science) Three Courses from the following: POLA 2100 (or AP American Government) POLC 2300 (or AP Comparative Politics) POLI 2500 POLT 2700 Economics Component: PSIR majors must successfully complete TWO of the following courses: ECON 1010 (Microeconomics) ECON 1020 (Macroeconomics) ECON 1050 (Macroeconomics for Public Policy) MATH 1110 (Probability and Statistics I) POLI 3540 (International Political Economy) ECON 3370 (The World Economy) POLC 6110 (Comparative Political Economy) Foreign Language Component: Students must complete one additional three-credit course beyond the SLA foreign-language requirements. Electives: SIX courses, at least THREE of which must be in either International Relations (POLI) and/or Comparative Politics (POLC). Not more than FOUR of the electives may be in any single subfield (POLA, POLC, POLI, or POLT). Level of Course Work: At least two courses need to be at the 4000-level or above. This does not include internships, independent studies, or honors thesis credits. Either one course at the 6000 level OR one four-credit writing intensive course in political science. This course cannot be “double-counted” and used to fulfill the requirement above; in other words, it does not count toward the “two classes at the 4000-level or above” requirement. Students may not exceed six credits of internship toward their total hours of graduation and can count only one internship course (POLS 4560) toward major requirements. One out of the following two: Economics Component: Foreign Language Component: Students must complete one additional three-credit course beyond the SLA foreign-language requirements. Electives: FIVE courses, at least ONE must be a PSDV class. At least TWO must come from outside of Political Science (see the approved list of classes in the checklist). Level of Course Work: At least two courses need to be at the 4000-level or above. This does not include internships, independent studies, or honors thesis credits. Either one course at the 6000 level OR one four-credit writing intensive course OR an Honors Thesis in political science. This course also counts as an elective, BUT NOT as a 4000-level or above class. Students may not exceed six credits of internship toward their total hours of graduation and can count only one internship course (POLS 4560) toward major requirements. General Minor Requirements A minor in political science consists of six courses in political science, in at least two different subfields, with at least three courses at the 3000-level or above. A minor in political science with a concentration in international development (PSDV) consists of six courses, including PSDV2400 (Intro to International Development) and PSDV3200 (Development Issues and Strategies), either ECON1020 (Macroeconomics) OR POLI3450 (International Political Economy), and three electives. All of the electives must be 3000-level or above, at least one must be PSDV and at least one from the department approved list (see minor checklist).

Cervical spine clearance in the elderly: do elderly patients get a bad deal? To investigate whether elderly patients, presenting following trauma and requiring immobilisation and imaging of the cervical spine, require increased use of CT and spend longer immobilised when compared to the younger population. A retrospective chart review was undertaken of 35 adults aged 18-65 years, and 32 adults over 65 years, requiring cervical spine imaging following trauma. 1 of the 35 younger patients, and 16 of the 32 elderly patients, underwent CT. Elderly patients spent 1:05 h longer immobilised (p<0.005). Half of the elderly patients underwent CT, and they were immobilised for significantly longer than younger patients. Measures should be adopted to facilitate early diagnosis and mitigate complications of prolonged immobilisation in elderly patients with neck trauma.

The thinking behind this blog is really simple: The guilty should be prevented from reoffending and the innocent should not be convicted -- not very complex but often not achieved. The spotlight is also thrown on feral law enforcement Sunday, August 02, 2015 Disquieting law enforcement behaviour in Australia Customs officer confiscates passenger's phone and then uses it to secretly text A customs officer at Sydney international airport confiscated a mobile phone from a passenger during a baggage search and then secretly used it to send and receive messages without the passenger's knowledge. The November incident has been referred to the Australian Federal Police, but the new Department of Immigration and Border Protection has refused to release further details, prompting widespread concern and a call for a federal police investigation into the actions of the customs officer. The passenger, a 22-year-old man who did not wish to be identified, discovered what had happened only when he received a letter from the Integrity and Professional Standards branch of the department, saying it was investigating the "inappropriate use" of his phone by the customs officer. The letter dated nearly six months later, said "this behaviour does not uphold the standards expected of our officers at the border and on behalf of the department and the ACBPS [Australian Customs and Border Protection Service] I apologise that it occurred. The letter said the "appropriate steps" were being taken in relation to the incident. The man told Fairfax Media last week he was "disgusted" when he found out what had happened. "It is embarrassing for them. They obviously have something to hide." The Department of Immigration and Border Protection refused requests for information by Fairfax Media under freedom of information laws in part to protect the privacy of the officer and would not reveal what the messages said, who they were sent to and why. A spokesman said "Under section 186 of the Customs Act 1901, officers have the power to examine goods in certain circumstances. 'Goods' includes electronic devices, such as mobile telephones. Access to the passenger's phone was consistent with the act." The revelations have alarmed civil libertarians and prompted Greens Senator Sarah Hanson-Young to refer the matter to Australian Federal Police to investigate the wrongdoing. Senator Hanson-Young said the secrecy of the department and the behaviour of the customs officer involved raises questions about the culture of the Border Force. "Tampering with an individual's phone like this is illegal," she said. "Why is the department being so secretive about the case? I have written to the AFP and asked them to investigate." Professor Michael Fraser, the director of the Communications Law Centre at UTS, said unless there was some lawful reason – which needs to be given – the department needed to justify why the phone was used. "The person has a right to know what communications were made on his phone," Professor Fraser said. Stephen Blanks, president of the NSW Council of Civil Liberties, said "this is frightening". "The Australian people should be frightened that a public official in a position of apparent authority can illegally access people's phones and send messages and then the department thinks that is not a matter of public interest. That is the kind of secrecy a police state relies on to damage the reputation of people who are being targeted," Mr Blanks said. The man told Fairfax Media he was stopped when leaving Australia for a holiday in Turkey and Cyprus visiting his parents. He was taken to a room where Customs and AFP officers were present. They took his phone and computer and demanded the access codes and then took his phone into another room where he could not see what was happening. During the time he was detained and searched, the man said he was asked weird questions including how many times a day he prayed? Was his family religious? And did they have a lot of money? By the time he was released he had missed his flight. No one has since offered to refund his fare. After organising another flight, he was again stopped by Customs and the second time he called his solicitor, he said. After tense conversations and the customs officers refusing to speak to his lawyer, he was eventually allowed to travel and he returned in December. His solicitor Zali Burrows has been instructed to commence legal proceedings against the department. The decision not to release any information did say the incident had been "self-reported" the day after by the officer and his supervisor. It revealed two documents existed that the department would not release – an Integrity Complaint Assessment Report and an internal minute dated December 16, 2014. No documents showed that the matter had been referred to any other authority such as the Australian Commission for Law Enforcement Integrity which is the federal watchdog, or even that the minister had been had been informed. (And don't forget your ration of Wicked Thoughts for today. Now hosted on Wordpress. If you cannot access it, go to the MIRROR SITE, where posts appear as well as on the primary site. I have reposted the archives (past posts) for Wicked Thoughts HERE or HERE or here No comments: Dedication In memory of Fatty Arbuckle, a good and innocent man whose movie career as a comedian was ruined by an opportunistic prosecution. The woman he was accused of murdering almost certainly died of natural causes. He was eventually cleared but the damage was done. A thought I love the Mae West story where some judge wearing a robe during the middle of the day, and seated in a high chair peered down and asked her, 'Are you showing contempt for my court?' To which she replied, 'I’m doing my best not to show it, your honor.' Maybe we need to give up trying to not show it."

Q: Supplementary subspaces of space of square matrices Let $M_n(K)$ be the vector space of square matrices of size n, and $$M_n^s(k) = \{A \in M_n(K) | A^t = A\}$$ and $$M_n^a(k) = \{A \in M_n(K) | A^t = -A\}$$ subspaces. I need to show that these subspaces are supplementary in $M_n(K)$. I guess I should show that $M_n^s(k) + M_n^a(k) = M_n(K)$ and that $M_n^s(k) \cap M_n^a(k) = \{0\}$, but I don't know how to do this. Or is there another way? A: Hint. show that: $\forall A \in M_n(K)$ there is a decomposition as sum of a symmetric ant an anti-symmetric part as $$ A=A_s+A_a $$ with $$A_s=\frac {A+A^T}{2} \qquad A_a=\frac {A-A^T}{2} $$

Q: Guice: Varying the type injected according to how the owner has been injected I have a guice based app that now needs multiple instances of a given type so I plan on using a named annotation to disambiguate the dependencies. However a dependency of this type also needs to vary based on which one I get. To illustrate lets say I have @Singleton public class FooCache { private final FooCacheListener listener; @Inject public FooCache(FooCacheListener listener) { this.listener = listener; } // do stuff } and then lets say I have a need for 2 separate instances so I might have @ThatOne FooCache in one class and @ThisOne FooCache in another. Now lets say I want a different listener in each case (maybe one writes something to a database and the other sends a notification over JMS or to some distributed cache). How would I do that? I can't see that I can stick a name on the FooCacheListener as I'd need a different name in one situation vs the other whereas I have just one place here. The only way I can think of doing this is by subclassing FooCache but that seems a really clumsy approach to me. Cheers Matt A: You might be able to use PrivateModules. Go here and scroll down to How do I build two similar but slightly different trees of objects? It is a way to have two different instances of the same class,which sounds almost exactly what you are trying to do. You could pass in your cachelisteners instead of the "lefty" and "righty" passed in in the example. There are more links with details from there if it looks like what you want. Another option might be to inject a factory, which is also discussed in the link above, in the question How do I pass a parameter when creating an object via Guice?

Interventional radiology in trauma victims: analysis of 51 consecutive patients. Injured patients whose treatment included the use of radiologic catheter techniques were reviewed to determine the clinical utility of radiologic intervention. In the past 4 years, 51 patients have undergone 53 radiologic procedures, predominantly angiographic hemostasis. Thirty-eight of 45 sites of hemorrhage from the neck, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities were successfully controlled. Nine of 11 abscesses were adequately drained and definitively treated by percutaneous methods. Twenty-eight of the 31 patients with shock or with life-threatening hemorrhage or sepsis, treated by the radiologist, were salvaged. Based on our results, we believe that a radiologist, knowledgeable about trauma and expert in catheter techniques, plays a vital role in improving patient survival and should be integrated into the trauma team approach.

Buffalo Chicken Cups Why didn't anyone think of this sooner? These juicy pieces of chicken sit in a crispy tortilla cup, kicked up with a spicy sauce and a dollop of blue cheese. All the satisfying flavors of buffalo chicken - no napkin needed! The perfect tailgate food, or just enjoy as a flavorful snack. 24 pieces.

GOP Sen. Dan Sullivan of Alaska told "Alaska Dispatch News" that Interior Secy. Ryan Zinke called him to say the "no" vote put Alaska's future with the administration in jeopardy.

Mind sharing? Tumblr Reddit Digg Pinterest email Siamese Cats 101 There Are No Finer Cat Than I Am “We are Siamese if you please. We are Siamese if you don’t please.” Those are some of the most memorable lyrics from the Disney classic “Lady and the Tramp.” Those cats weren’t very nice. In real life, these blue-eyed beauties are well-known for their streamlined bodies, creamy beige coats and distinctive markings as well as being quite lovable and sweet. Hi, Welcome to Animal Facts. Today, if you please, we examine ten facts about the sleek feline companion, the Siamese. Let’s Get Started. But, before we start, take a moment to like and subscribe for more fun, fauna facts. Let us know about your kitty in the comments below. 10. The Siamese is a very old breed of domestic cat, but we’re not exactly sure where it came from. Modern Siamese cats are descended from felines born in Siam, known today as Thailand with roots going back to the 14th century, but the cats’ true origins are cloaked in mystery. In the Thai National Library in Bangkok, there are manuscripts dating from the 1700s containing illustrations of cats that look very similar to modern Siamese cats. 9. When Siamese cats were first shown in England at London’s Crystal Cat Palace in 1871, the world’s first major cat show, they were described as ‘an unnatural nightmare kind of cat’ because of their strange coloring. It was the first time ever that anyone in England had seen a Siamese cat. 8. The cats went on to the United States as a “gift” to President Rutherford B. Hayes’ wife Lucy in 1878, and quickly became a favorite of Hayes’ daughter, Penny and was given free reign of the White House. But, that wasn’t the last time Siamese cats took over the White House. Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter also had Siamese cats leading the free world. 7. So, what’s up with those blue eyes? Those beautiful blue peepers didn’t just happen by chance. The gene that is responsible for the Siamese coat pattern also restricts the amount of pigment found in the eye–thus resulting in the signature pale blue color that the breed is known for. 6. Unlike most blue-eyed cats that carry recessive traits and are prone to hearing issues, the blue-eyed Siamese don’t tend to have any issues with hearing. But, their blue eyes can cause them some issues with vision, especially at night. 5. Ever wondered why a Siamese cat has a white coat and dark-tipped paws, ears, and facial features? It stems from a temperature-sensitive enzyme, which causes the cat to develop color on the cooler parts of its body and stay pale on its warmer torso. As a newborn kitten, all purebred Siamese are entirely white. Around 4 weeks of age, their distinctive markings begin to develop due to a gene that starts production of the heat sensitive enzyme. That’s one “cool” cat! 4. The Siamese is by no means an independent cat and they do not do well in an environment where they will be left home alone, often. Siamese cats are especially social creatures and if they don’t receive the attention they want, they will seek it. Due to their sociability, it is not advisable to leave them alone for too long and probably not the best breed for someone who works all day. They love to be in the limelight and able to sit in your lap for hours, enjoying the pampering. They are ideal pets for people who want constant company. 3. This breed is known for its voice or more accurately how often they use it. Siamese cats love to “talk,” especially to their owners. They can spend all day and most of the night vocalizing their opinions about their food, something they saw out the window or just letting you know that you are slacking on the attention giving. 2. The Siamese has had friends in high places other than the White House. Queen Victoria was quite fond of the breed, and Queen Elizabeth II was given a Siamese kitten as a wedding present upon her marriage to Prince Philip. Elizabeth Taylor owned several Siamese cats, and she gave one named Marcus as a gift to James Dean. Vivien Leigh was a big lover of the breed as well, owning many Siamese cats throughout her life. 1. The Siamese is very intelligent and highly trainable. Siamese cats can be trained to perform tricks and fetch on command and walk on a leash. They enjoy a challenge, so puzzle toys, clickers and even agility courses made in the house are all great options to have on hand. It doesn’t really matter to him what trick he’s doing as long as he’s doing it with you. Want more fun, fauna facts? Go ahead and smash that subscribe button and hit the notification icon to not miss a single fact. If you like THIS video, go ahead and push the like button, or that other button also works. If you’d like to help us grow, consider becoming a patron on Patreon or clicking the Paypal link on AnimalFacts.us. And as always catch ya next time. *This post may have affiliate links, which means I may receive commissions if you choose to purchase through links I provide (at no extra cost to you).

india Updated: Jun 28, 2020 08:09 IST Special Judge Dharmesh Sharma has reached the All India Institute of Medical Sciences to hold court proceedings to record the statement of the rape survivor who had accused lawmaker Kuldeep Singh Sengar of rape in 2017. The expelled BJP legislator represents Bangarmau in the Uttar Pradesh assembly. The rape survivor was air-lifted from Lucknow hospital to AIIMS in the national capital for treatment of injuries during a road accident in Uttar Pradesh. Her family alleged Kuldeep Singh Sengar was behind the road accident in Rae Bareli that killed two of her aunts and injured the woman and her lawyer. Last week, the Delhi High Court issued a formal order allowing special judge Dharmesh Sharma to hold court to record “the testimony of the victim in the premises/building of trauma centre of AIIMS in addition to the Tis Hazari District Court Complex during trial of the cases”. News agency PTI said Sengar, who is a key accused in the 2017 Unnao rape case, was also brought to the temporary court along with co-accused Shashi Singh for the proceedings. Sengar was expelled from the Bharatiya Janata Party last month after the Supreme Court took up a petition demanding a CBI probe into the road accident. Sengar faces charges of criminal conspiracy, kidnapping and rape under the penal code and a special law to deal with sexual offences against children. The Supreme Court ordered the Central Bureau of Investigation to carry out a quick probe into the road accident and shifted the trial of the rape case from Uttar Pradesh to Delhi. The road accident had put the spotlight back on the survivor’s family which, it turned out, had written 36 letters to top government officials, politicians and police officers to seek protection and help. Most of them were to seek protection from the four-time legislator, who was then considered an influential leader within the BJP.

[221 Pages Report] The global packaging film market is expected to register decent growth during the coming decade driven by middle class of China and India. With rapid urbanization and increasing disposable income, demand for packaged food and pharmaceutical products are rising in China, India and other emerging nations. Growth in such emerging nations is expected to impact the packaging films industry positively. Polyethylene is the mostly used material for packaging film; however, in flexible packaging polypropylene is used as the preferred material for film formation. Specialty films such as water soluble and high barrier films are gaining importance in matured economies of North America and Europe. Food packaging industry is the major consumer for packaging films. However, pharmaceutical and personal care packaging is increasingly finding application of packaging films. These films are formed by extrusion-blown, extrusion-cast and extrusion-coating process. Selection of the raw material is primarily based on the end-usage of the films. Key raw materials used in packaging films include LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, BOPP, CPP, BOPET, PVC, EVOH, PLA, PVDC, PVOH and others. Geographically, Asia-Pacific is the major segment in packaging film market with around 35% of the market share in 2012. North America and Europe held market shares of 25.3% and 24.1% respectively. The global packaging film consumption is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.5% from 2013 to 2018. In Terms of value the market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.8% from 2013 to 2018. China and India are expected to drive the global market in the coming future. Increasing demand for packaged food and improving healthcare infrastructure is the major reason for growth in China and India. Global Packaging Film: Market Consumption, by Geography, 2012 Source: MarketsandMarkets Analysis In terms of raw materials, polyethylene leads the packaging film market, representing 64% of the total raw materials used in 2012. However, polypropylene films demand is growing at a faster rate than polyethylene films. BOPP is the mostly preferred raw material for flexible packaging films in the recent past and expected to report higher growth as compared to the cast polypropylene. Biodegradable films are also expected to register high consumption growth in the coming years, specifically in the developed nations. 1.1 SCOPE of THE REPORT The global flexible packaging market is profoundly analyzed in terms of revenue ($million) and volume (�000 MT) by the aforementioned classifications. By Applications Food packaging Medical & pharmaceutical packaging Consumer products packaging Industrial Others By Geography Asia-Pacific Europe North America Rest of the World By Packaging Materials Polyethylene LDPE LLDPE HDPE Polypropylene BOPP CPP Polyester BOPET Others Polyamide EVOH PVC PVDC PVOH Cellulosic Customer Interested in this report also can view Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Films Market - Global Trends & Forecasts (2011 - 2016) Plastic Films & Plastic Sheets Market by Application (Flexible & Non-Flexible Packaging, & Non-Packaging) & Type (LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE, CPP, BOPP, Polyester, PVC, Polyamide, EVOH, PLA, PVDC, PVOH, Polycarbonate & Others) - Global Trends & Forecasts to 2018 Ever increasing application in food and pharmaceutical packaging and untapped Asia-Pacific market is presenting good outlook for the global packaging film market. Even though polyethylene is used as a key material for packaging film production, polypropylene is slowly becoming the preferred choice for the manufacturers. Specifically, BOPP films market is growing at a significant rate during the recent years. Geographically, Asia-Pacific is expected to lead the market during the next five years. In the application segment, food packaging is the key application area. However, packaging films are now increasingly used in pharmaceutical and consumer goods packaging. In consumer goods segment, films are primarily used in personal care products such as packing of soap, shampoo, and other cosmetic products. Global Packaging Film Consumption, by Application, 2012 Source: MarketsandMarkets Analysis The global packaging film market was estimated at $89,299.3 million in 2012, and expected to grow at a CAGR of 5.8% from 2013 to 2018. Food packaging is the key application area for the packaging films and packaging film sales in food packaging market is expected to grow at 6.2% from 2012 to 2018.

Q: Doing something for the sake of Heaven I have seen the phrase "for the sake of Heaven" / "in Heaven's sake" / לשם שמים multiple times both in the Gemara and in discussions here on Mi Yodeya. Examples here, here and here I have a problem understanding this concept. Can anyone provide a concise definition ? How can we do anything for the sake of Heaven ? We, individually, are frail, small and mortal and not very significant in the grand scheme of things, certaintly compared to Heaven, so how then can anything we do have any influence on Heaven's sake one way or the other, for good or for bad ? A: You understand that “for the sake of heaven” implies to “have influence on Heaven's sake one way or the other, for good or for bad ?” You see an action undertaken for the sake of heaven meaning that the action has influence on heaven. Consider מחלוקת לשם שמים  Wikipedia defines it as מחלוקת לשם שמים היא מחלוקת עניינית, שהעוסקים בה חותרים להגיע לחקר האמת, The element of shem shomyim lies in the motivation of the participants to discover the truth (and not for any other motivation) The discussion in the gemoro in kiddushin that you quote also relates to motivation. As Sefaria translates the Gemoro All such actions are permitted for the sake of Heaven. In other words, if one is acting out of familial affection, without any element of licentiousness, they are permitted. This shiur quotes the Tashbetz to define leshem shomayim: התשב"ץ מסביר ש"לשם שמים" פירושו: עשייה "כרצון הא-ל יתברך, שאדם יעסוק בתורה ובמצוות לקיים מאמר הא-ל בלבד, לא ליטול עטרה, ולא להתגאות על הבריות, אלא אדרבה יבזה עצמו כדי לקיים מאמר הא-ל" It means according to the will of G-d. That a person should work at Torah and mitzvos with the motivation to fulfill the words of G-d and neither to take a crown or inflate oneself over other people, but rather abase onself in order to carry out the word of HaShem. So the meaning is not connected with influencing Heaven and your question falls away.

The Buckeyes' 37-21 blowout victory doesn't sufficiently describe just how much a change of quarterbacks and coaching philosophies improved the fortunes of this once-struggling football team. Tressel took the wraps off his quarterback, Smith made everyone forget Justin Zwick, and the Buckeyes celebrated with their best offensive output of the season. No Ohio State quarterback has had a better performance in a big game in Ohio Stadium than the one Smith put together against the run-stuffing, ball-hawking Wolverines. Smith threw two touchdown passes. He completed 13 of 23 passes for 241 yards. He rushed for a game-high 145 yards and a score, becoming the first Ohio State quarterback to rush for 100 yards since 1977. He's also the first Buckeye to rush for 100 yards and pass for 200 yards. He took the starch out of Michigan's respectable defense with daring, drive-sustaining runs out of the shotgun formation. He didn't commit a turnover after turning the ball over three times a week earlier at Purdue. It was easily his best performance in a big game and the best game, period, of his career. "Troy is one of those guys that's very willing to figure out what it is he needs to do to meet his goals," Tressel said. "He worked hard to work himself into [playing] opportunities, and then when he got his opportunity there were some great things he did." Smith had considered transferring because of a lack of playing time. Now he's the ultimate team player. "The road hasn't been that bad," he said. "Everything a human being gets is not always handed to him. I worked extremely hard. I stayed positive and stayed on an even keel at all times." Smith is 4-1 since becoming the starter. When he replaced Zwick because of an injury, Tressel was forced to make some philosophical changes. He needed to re-visit his strategy. That isn't to say Ohio State's game plan should look like it was scripted from Steve Spurrier. It shouldn't read as easily as The Cat In The Hat, either. Tressel had to reach some sort of happy medium, where he wouldn't feel like he was betraying his conservative offensive background while still granting his new quarterback freedom to do his thing. Instead of making the player fit the system, Tressel decided to make the system fit the player. In spring practice, Tressel instructed his quarterbacks not to scramble. That worked fine for Zwick, who's a pocket passer. But it was a roadblock for Smith, who plays on instinct and is at his best when he isn't restricted. As a result Smith is no longer strictly a pocket passer. He still does what he's told, only now he's free to roam when he can't locate a receiver. Sometimes, a Smith running play is the Buckeyes' No. 1 option. In fact, when developing a game plan for Michigan, Tressel considered Smith's running ability to be a major factor in the Buckeyes' attack. Tressel even added a series of option plays designed specifically for Smith. Smith led all Buckeyes with 18 carries, good for an 8.1-yard average. "We liked some of our matchups, and we really felt that our quarterback run stuff was going to be difficult for them," Tressel said. Tressel didn't want to get too cute. There was no need to outsmart himself, just Michigan's defense. On his 68-yard touchdown bomb to Anthony Gonzalez giving the Buckeyes an early 7-0 lead, Smith displayed an unflinching pocket presence and a cannon for an arm. He avoided Michigan's pass rush all afternoon. The Wolverines failed to record a sack against the Buckeyes for the first time since 1990. Smith repeatedly created extra time for himself in the pocket. When he did set his feet, he delivered the ball with precision to open receivers. On a big third-down play in the third quarter, Smith made two defenders miss and bolted for 46 yards. "We knew coming in he was an exceptional athlete and that he was capable of making big plays," Michigan defensive back Marlin Jackson said. "Today he made too many big plays." Good things come to those who wait, Tressel said. In describing Smith's incredible rise from substitute to starter, Tressel is quick to point out that Smith is Ohio State's No. 1 quarterback because he won the job fair and square. "He'll take a step every day as long as he stays as focused as he is," Tressel said. Points of Interest Click to comment Guidelines: Please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Comments that violate these standards, or our privacy statement or visitor's agreement, are subject to being removed and commenters are subject to being banned. To post comments, you must be a registered user on toledoblade.com. To find out more, please visit the FAQ.

1945 Toronto municipal election Municipal elections were held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on January 1, 1945. Controller Robert Hood Saunders defeated incumbent Frederick J. Conboy to be elected mayor. Toronto mayor Conboy had served as mayor since 1940 and was seeking his fifth term of office, but he was decisively beaten by Saunders. Results Robert Hood Saunders - 68,757 Frederick J. Conboy - 36,299 Board of Control The Board of Control had two vacant seats in the 1945 election. Robert Saunders had left his seat to run for mayor and Fred Hamilton had retired. Five current or past alderman ran for the positions, with Hiram E. McCallum and communist Stewart Smith winning seats. Results David Balfour (incumbent) - 47,931 William J. Wadsworth (incumbent) - 45,942 Stewart Smith - 41,691 Hiram E. McCallum - 41,201 Leslie Saunders - 34,587 Ernest Bogart - 34,258 Gordon Millen - 30,235 Harry Bradley - 9,589 City council Ward 1 (Riverdale) William Murdoch - 5,180 Charles Walton - 4,306 William Simpson - 2,710 John McGuigan - 2,517 W.S.B. Armstrong - 1,582 Irene Humble - 1,357 Ward 2 (Cabbagetown and Rosedale) Louis Shannon (incumbent) - 5,426 George A. Wilson (incumbent) - 3,925 May Birchard - 3,456 Ward 3 (West Downtown and Summerhill) John S. Simmons (incumbent) - 3,132 Harold Fishleigh (incumbent) - 2,915 William Smith - 601 Francis Burns - 589 Karl Prager - 402 Ward 4 (The Annex, Kensington Market and Garment District) Norman Freed (incumbent) - acclaimed Nathan Phillips (incumbent) - acclaimed Ward 5 (Trinity-Bellwoods Charles Sims (incumbent) - 7,788 Arthur Frost - 6,497 Harold Menzies - 4,058 Maxwell Armstrong - 2,338 Ward 6 (Davenport and Parkdale) Kenneth McKellar (incumbent) - 9,068 Harold Timmins (incumbent) - 8,263 William V. Muir - 4,745 Dewar Ferguson - 4,292 Patrick McKeown - 1,169 Charles Dymond - 661 Ward 7 (West Toronto Junction) E.C. Roelofson (incumbent) - acclaimed Charles Rowntree (incumbent) - acclaimed Ward 8 (The Beaches) Walter Howell (incumbent) - 7,478 William Collings (incumbent) - 7,104 Murray Cotterill - 5,132 James Davis - 2,687 Charles Wren - 2,505 Ward 9 (North Toronto) John Innes (incumbent) - 10,684 Melville Wilson - 7,605 Robert Ferguson - 3,329 Christine McCarty - 2,211 R.M. McLean - 1,568 Fred Vacher - 1,009 W.H. Harris - 877 Results taken from the January 2, 1945 Globe and Mail and might not exactly match final tallies. References Election Coverage. Globe and Mail. January 2, 1945 Election Coverage. Toronto Star. January 2, 1945 Category:1945 elections in Canada 1945 Category:1945 in Ontario