/**
 * # Day 3: Binary Diagnostic
 *
 * The submarine has been making some odd creaking noises, so you ask it
 * to produce a diagnostic report just in case.
 *
 * The diagnostic report (your puzzle input) consists of a list of binary
 * numbers which, when decoded properly, can tell you many useful things about
 * the conditions of the submarine. The first parameter to check is the power
 * consumption.
 *
 * You need to use the binary numbers in the diagnostic report to generate
 * two new binary numbers (called the gamma rate and the epsilon rate).
 * The power consumption can then be found by multiplying the gamma rate by
 * the epsilon rate.
 *
 * Each bit in the gamma rate can be determined by finding the most common bit
 * in the corresponding position of all numbers in the diagnostic report.
 * For example, given the following diagnostic report:
 * ```
 * 00100
 * 11110
 * 10110
 * 10111
 * 10101
 * 01111
 * 00111
 * 11100
 * 10000
 * 11001
 * 00010
 * 01010
 * ```
 * Considering only the first bit of each number, there are five 0 bits and
 * seven 1 bits. Since the most common bit is 1, the first bit of the gamma
 * rate is 1.
 *
 * The most common second bit of the numbers in the diagnostic report is 0,
 * so the second bit of the gamma rate is 0.
 *
 * The most common value of the third, fourth, and fifth bits are 1, 1, and 0,
 * respectively, and so the final three bits of the gamma rate are 110.
 *
 * So, the gamma rate is the binary number 10110, or 22 in decimal.
 *
 * The epsilon rate is calculated in a similar way; rather than use the most
 * common bit, the least common bit from each position is used. So, the epsilon
 * rate is 01001, or 9 in decimal. Multiplying the gamma rate (22) by
 * the epsilon rate (9) produces the power consumption, 198.
 *
 * Use the binary numbers in your diagnostic report to calculate the gamma rate
 * and epsilon rate, then multiply them together. What is the power consumption
 * of the submarine? (Be sure to represent your answer in decimal, not binary.)
 */
object Day3 {

    fun part1(diagnostic: List<String>): Int {
        val lineLength = diagnostic.first().length
        val counter = IntArray(lineLength, init = { 0 })
        diagnostic.forEach { line ->
            line.forEachIndexed { index, c -> counter[index] += c.digitToInt() }
        }

        val threshold = (diagnostic.size + 1) / 2
        val gamma = buildString {
            for (count in counter) append(if (count >= threshold) "1" else "0")
        }
        val epsilon = gamma.map {
            when(it) {
                '1' -> '0'
                '0' -> '1'
                else -> error("")
            }
        }.joinToString("")

        return gamma.toInt(radix = 2) * epsilon.toInt(radix = 2)
    }
}

/**
 * # Day 3: Binary Diagnostic
 *
 * The submarine has been making some odd creaking noises, so you ask it
 * to produce a diagnostic report just in case.
 *
 * The diagnostic report (your puzzle input) consists of a list of binary
 * numbers which, when decoded properly, can tell you many useful things about
 * the conditions of the submarine. The first parameter to check is the power
 * consumption.
 *
 * You need to use the binary numbers in the diagnostic report to generate
 * two new binary numbers (called the gamma rate and the epsilon rate).
 * The power consumption can then be found by multiplying the gamma rate by
 * the epsilon rate.
 *
 * Each bit in the gamma rate can be determined by finding the most common bit
 * in the corresponding position of all numbers in the diagnostic report.
 * For example, given the following diagnostic report:
 * ```
 * 00100
 * 11110
 * 10110
 * 10111
 * 10101
 * 01111
 * 00111
 * 11100
 * 10000
 * 11001
 * 00010
 * 01010
 * ```
 * Considering only the first bit of each number, there are five 0 bits and
 * seven 1 bits. Since the most common bit is 1, the first bit of the gamma
 * rate is 1.
 *
 * The most common second bit of the numbers in the diagnostic report is 0,
 * so the second bit of the gamma rate is 0.
 *
 * The most common value of the third, fourth, and fifth bits are 1, 1, and 0,
 * respectively, and so the final three bits of the gamma rate are 110.
 *
 * So, the gamma rate is the binary number 10110, or 22 in decimal.
 *
 * The epsilon rate is calculated in a similar way; rather than use the most
 * common bit, the least common bit from each position is used. So, the epsilon
 * rate is 01001, or 9 in decimal. Multiplying the gamma rate (22) by
 * the epsilon rate (9) produces the power consumption, 198.
 *
 * Use the binary numbers in your diagnostic report to calculate the gamma rate
 * and epsilon rate, then multiply them together. What is the power consumption
 * of the submarine? (Be sure to represent your answer in decimal, not binary.)
 */
object Day3 {

    fun part1(diagnostic: List<String>): Int {
        val lineLength = diagnostic.first().length
        val counter = IntArray(lineLength, init = { 0 })
        diagnostic.forEach { line ->
            line.forEachIndexed { index, c -> counter[index] += c.digitToInt() }
        }

        val threshold = (diagnostic.size + 1) / 2
        val gamma = buildString {
            for (count in counter) append(if (count >= threshold) "1" else "0")
        }
        val epsilon = gamma.map {
            when(it) {
                '1' -> '0'
                '0' -> '1'
                else -> error("")
            }
        }.joinToString("")

        return gamma.toInt(radix = 2) * epsilon.toInt(radix = 2)
    }
}
