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三组的皮疹、眼睑水肿、腹泻、血小板减少、白细胞减少和中性粒细胞减少发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

There was no significant difference in the incidence of rash, eyelid edema, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and neutropenia in the three groups (P>0.05).

组间两两比较，二线组、三线组恶心呕吐、1~2级贫血的发生率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

The incidence of nausea and vomiting and grade 1~2 anemia in the second-line group and the third-line group were higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

达MMR组与非MMR组Sokal积分、服药依从性、血液学不良反应比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

There were statistically significant differences in Sokal score, medication compliance, and hematological adverse reactions between the MMR group and the non-MMR group (P<0.05).

Logistic回归分析显示，治疗期间减量或停药、3~4级血液学不良反应是影响二、三线疗效的主要因素（OR=22.160，2.715，95%CI=2.795-93.027，1.882-48.834）. 尼洛替尼二线与达沙替尼三线对一二线治疗失败的CML患者有较好的疗效。

Logistic regression analysis showed that dose reduction or withdrawal during the treatment period, and grade 3~4 hematological adverse reactions were the main factors affecting the second and third line curative effects (OR=22.160, 2.715, 95% CI=2.795-93.027, 1.882-48.834). The second-line nilotinib and the third-line dasatinib have a better effect on CML patients who have failed the first and second-line treatments.

3~4级血液学不良反应、减量或停药是影响二、三线治疗疗效的危险因素。

Grade 3~4 hematological adverse reactions, dose reduction or withdrawal are risk factors that affect the efficacy of second and third-line treatments.

混合现实是将虚拟的数字世界与现实世界融合在一起的全新三维呈现技术，在肝胆外科领域已经得到了初步应用。

Mixed reality is a new three-dimensional presentation technology that combines the virtual digital world with the real world, which has been initially applied in the field of hepatobiliary surgery.

相比于虚拟现实、增强现实及三维可视化技术，混合现实技术在手术前评估及制定手术方案、术中实时精准导航及三维虚拟教学中具有独特优势，是实施精准肝胆外科手术的新一代辅助工具。

Compared with virtual reality, augmented reality and three-dimensional visualization technology, mixed reality technology has unique advantages in preoperative evaluation and formulation of surgical plan, real-time accurate navigation during operation and three-dimensional virtual teaching. And it is a new generation of auxiliary tool for precision hepatobiliary surgery.

本文对混合现实技术在肝胆外科领域中的应用及研究进展进行阐述，探讨其应用潜力和目前的局限性。

This paper describes the application and research progress of mixed reality technology in the field of hepatobiliary surgery, and discusses its application potential and current limitations.

探讨建立涵盖慢性乙型病毒性肝炎（CHB）诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗、药物选择及毒副作用预测、疗效监测、预后评估等全过程的疾病临床检验诊断路径的教学模式。

Exploring a new teaching mode of CHB laboratory diagnostics to improve the teaching quality through establishment a teaching model covered the whole process of CHB disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, drug selection, the toxicity and side effects prediction, effect monitoring, and prognosis evaluation.

根据CHB临床诊疗指南，制订与疾病不同阶段相关的实验室检查检测策略，建立CHB临床检验诊断路径，以武汉大学第一临床学院2016级和2017级八年制本科生为研究对象，通过随堂问卷比较其课堂教学效果。

According to the CHB clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines, formulated the laboratory examination and detection strategies related to different stages of CHB, and established CHB clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway. Compared the classroom teaching effect by the questionnaire between the 2016 and 2017 eight-year undergraduates from the First Clinical College of Wuhan University.

本研究首先建立了获得临床医生认可的CHB临床检验诊断路径，其涵盖CHB疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗、药物选择及毒副作用预测、疗效监测、预后评估等全过程。

In this study,the CHB clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway was established and approved by clinicians, which covered the whole process of CHB disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, drug selection, the toxicity and side effects prediction, effect monitoring, and prognosis evaluation.

该路径应用于2017级临床医学本科生课堂教学后，教学质量评估指标均有较大程度的提升。 此外，随堂测验得分也有显著提高。

The teaching quality evaluation indicators and the scores on the class test had been greatly improved with the clinical diagnostic pathway teaching mode in the classroom teaching of 2017 clinical medicine undergraduates compared with the traditional teaching mode in the 2016 clinical medicine undergraduates.

综上，基于CHB临床检验诊断路径的实验诊断学教学模式，实现了实验诊断学与临床医学的融合，提升了学生对CHB诊疗中各种实验室检查检测的整体认识，教学质量得到了提高。

In summary, the medical students not only could realize the organic integration of laboratory diagnostics and clinical medicine, but also improves overall understanding of various laboratory tests in CHB diagnosis and treatment from the teaching model of laboratory diagnostics based on the CHB clinical laboratory diagnostic pathway,and the quality of teaching for CHB has been significantly improved.

为适应临床工作需要，推广PTPBD技术在胆总管结石中的应用，中国医师协会介入医师分会组织国内胆总管结石治疗领域的多学科专家讨论、制定了本规范，旨在规范PTPBD技术的适应证、禁忌证、操作流程和并发症处理原则。

However, many components of the procedure remains unclear, including indications, contraindications, patient preparation, bile duct puncture, papillary dilation, imaging interpretation, and complication management.In order to standardize the clinic practice of PTPBD, Chinese College of Interventionalists organized a committee, including interventional radiologists, digestive physicians and general surgeons, and commissioned this criterion.

狼疮抗凝物是发生静脉血栓栓塞症的危险因素之一，在静脉血栓栓塞症患者中检测狼疮抗凝物，对治疗方案抉择和疗效预后判断等方面具有重要意义。

Lupus anticoagulant is one of the risk factors for venous thromboembolism, and the detection of lupus anticoagulant in patients with venous thromboembolism is important for the choice of treatment options and prognosis of treatment.

目前尚无相关文献对狼疮抗凝物检测在静脉血栓栓塞症中的应用进展进行分析总结，为加深对此类患者的认识，更好地帮助临床医生对此类患者进行合理的诊治和管理，现就有关流行病学、检测注意事项及检测结果在静脉血栓栓塞症中的价值和相关治疗进行综述。

There was no relevant literature to analyze and summarize the application progress of lupus anticoagulant detection in venous thromboembolism. In order to deepen the understanding of such patients, and help clinicians to conduct reasonable diagnosis, treatment and management of these patients, we reviewed the relevant epidemiology, test precautions, and the value of test results in venous thromboembolism and related treatments.

异烟肼作为一种治疗敏感结核病近70年的主要药物，其药物动力学差异可影响其吸收，低血药浓度导致低疗效；反之高浓度可导致肝损伤或死亡。

Isoniazid(INH, H) has been a key drug for treating drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) for nearly seventy years. The differences in the pharmacokinetic(PK) might affect INH absorption. Low plasma concentration is related to less treatment outcomes and <i>vice versa</i>, but higher plasma concentrations can induce hepatotoxicity or death.

引起血药浓度波动的因素包括异烟肼吸收（如药物-药物、药物-食物相互作用，胃肠疾病，糖尿病或结核病等疾病状态）和肝酶代谢的异常等。

Factors that can cause fluctuations in blood concentration include INH absorption (<i>i.e.</i> drug-drug or drug-food interactions and other diseases such as gastrointestinal problems, diabetes or TB) and abnormal metabolization by the liver.

N-乙酰转移酶2（N-acetyltransferase 2）基因（<i>NAT2</i>）型及蛋白酶（NAT2）表型的多态性显著影响血浆异烟肼浓度。

N-acetyltransferase 2 (<i>NAT2</i>) genetic polymorphism significantly affects the plasma concentrations of INH.

目前缺乏异烟肼治疗引起的药物不良反应处理指南，针对出现的异烟肼不良反应仅基于临床经验采取突然停药或降低异烟肼剂量，但这样的措施可导致结核分枝杆菌耐药性产生。

However, there is a lack of guidelines for the management of adverse drug reactions caused by isoniazid therapy, and the only measures taken to address adverse reactions to isoniazid are abrupt discontinuation of the drug or reduction in the dose of isoniazid based on clinical experience, but such measures could lead to the development of drug resistance in <i>Mycobacterium</i> tuberculosis.

故进一步明确宿主<i>NAT2</i>基因型及其表型多态性、血浆异烟肼浓度和不良反应的相关性有助于提高疗效和将不良反应减少到最低程度。

Therefore, further clarification of the correlation between the host <i>NAT2</i> genotype and its phenotypic polymorphisms, plasma isoniazid concentration and adverse effects can help to improve the efficacy and minimize the adverse effects.

探讨人工全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty，TKA）中应用胫骨侧个性化髓外定位技术截骨后胫骨假体冠状位力线情况。

To explore the coronal alignment of tibial prosthesis after osteotomy using personalized extramedullary positioning technique on tibia side in total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

回顾分析2020年1月—2021年6月接受初次TKA且符合选择标准的170例（210膝）患者临床资料。

A clinical data of 170 patients (210 knees) who underwent primary TKA between January 2020 and June 2021 and met the selection criteria was retrospectively analyzed.

其中，77例（96膝）胫骨侧采用传统髓外定位技术（传统定位组）；93例（114膝）采用个性化髓外定位技术（个性化定位组），即结合胫骨解剖形态特点，在胫骨平台关节面选择个性化定位点作为髓外近端定位点。

Personalized and traditional extramedullary positioning techniques were used in 93 cases (114 knees, personalized positioning group) and 77 cases (96 knees, traditional positioning group), respectively. The personalized extramedullary positioning was based on the anatomical characteristics of the tibia, a personalized positioning point was selected as the proximal extramedullary positioning point on the articular surface of the tibial plateau.

两组性别、年龄、身体质量指数、侧别、骨关节炎病程及Kellgren-Lawrence分级等一般资料比较，差异均无统计学意义（ <i>P</i>>0.05），具有可比性。

There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender, age, body mass index, surgical side, course of osteoarthritis, and Kellgren-Lawrence classification ( <i>P</i>>0.05).

测量个性化定位组术前胫骨冠状位近、远端解剖轴形成的侧弓角（tibial bowing angle，TBA）并对胫骨轴线分型，分析个性化定位点位置分布规律。

The preoperative tibial bowing angle (TBA) formed by the proximal and distal tibial coronal anatomical axes in the personalized positioning group was measured and the tibia axis was classified, and the distribution of personalized positioning point was analyzed.

比较两组手术前后髋-膝-踝角（hip-knee-ankle angle，HKA）、胫骨远端外侧角（lateral distal tibial angle，LDTA），术后冠状位胫骨假体角（tibia component angle，TCA）及胫骨假体冠状位力线优良率。

The pre- and post-operative hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), the lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA), and the postoperative tibia component angle (TCA), the excellent rate of tibial prosthesis alignment in coronal position were compared between the two groups.

个性化定位组胫骨轴线分为直线型58膝（50.88%）、内弓型35膝（30.70%）、外弓型21膝（18.42%）。

In the personalized positioning group, 58 knees (50.88%) were straight tibia, 35 knees (30.70%) were medial bowing tibia, and 21 knees (18.42%) were lateral bowing tibia.

直线型者胫骨个性化定位点多位于外侧髁间棘高点（62.07%），内弓型者多位于内、外侧髁间棘之间区域（51.43%），外弓型者多位于外侧髁间棘外侧坡（57.14%）。

The most positioning points located on the highest point of the lateral intercondylar spine (62.07%) in the straight tibia group, while in the medial bowing tibia and lateral bowing tibia groups, most positioning points located in the area between the medial and lateral intercondylar spines (51.43%) and the lateral slope of the lateral intercondylar spine (57.14%), respectively.

两组组内手术前后HKA比较，差异均有统计学意义（ <i>P</i><0.05）；手术前后LDTA比较，差异均无统计学意义（ <i>P</i>>0.05）。

The difference in HKA between pre- and post-operation in the two groups was significant ( <i>P</i><0.05); while the difference in LDTA was not significant ( <i>P</i>>0.05).

两组间术前LDTA、HKA及手术前后差值比较，差异均无统计学意义（ <i>P</i>>0.05）；术后TCA比较，差异有统计学意义（ <i>P</i><0.05）。

There was no significant difference in preoperative LDTA and HKA and the difference between pre- and post-operation between groups ( <i>P</i>>0.05). But there was significant difference in postoperative TCA between groups ( <i>P</i><0.05).

传统定位组术后胫骨平台假体较个性化定位组更倾向于内翻。

The postoperative tibial plateau prosthesis in the traditional positioning group was more prone to varus than the personalized positioning group.

术后个性化髓外定位组胫骨假体冠状位力线优良率为96.5%（110/114），传统定位组为87.5%（84/96），差异有统计学意义（ <i>χ</i> ²=7.652， <i>P</i>=0.006）。

The excellent rates of tibial prosthesis alignment in coronal position were 96.5% (110/114) and 87.5% (84/96) in personalized positioning group and traditional positioning group, respectively, showing a significant difference between groups ( <i>χ</i> ²=7.652, <i>P</i>=0.006).

TKA胫骨侧冠状位截骨时采用个性化髓外定位技术可行，与传统髓外定位技术相比胫骨假体冠状位力线优良率更高。

It is feasible to use personalized extramedullary positioning technique for coronal osteotomy on the tibia side in TKA. Compared with the traditional extramedullary positioning technique, the personalized extramedullary positioning technique has a higher excellent rate of tibial prosthesis alignment in coronal position.

糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease，DKD)是糖尿病严重的微血管并发症之一，也是进展为终末期肾病的主要原因，目前临床治疗手段有限。

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is also the leading cause for the end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but the clinical treatment for it is limited at present.

抗氧化应激药物可通过减轻足细胞损伤来延缓DKD的进展。

The antioxidant drugs can slow down the progression of DKD through reducing podocyte injury and are expected to enter clinical trials.

研究氧化应激介导DKD足细胞的损伤机制，可为DKD的临床治疗提供新的思路和策略。

The research status of antioxidant drugs is very important, which will provide new strategies for the clinical treatment of DKD.

细胞迁移是指细胞朝着特定的化学浓度梯度发生定向迁移运动，其在胚胎发育、伤口愈合、肿瘤转移中发挥着至关重要的作用。

Cell migration is defined as the directional movement of cells toward a specific chemical concentration gradient, which plays a crucial role in embryo development, wound healing and tumor metastasis.

当前研究手段大多通量低，难以综合考虑不同浓度梯度条件对细胞迁移行为的影响。

However, current research methods showed low flux and are only suitable for single-factor assessment, and it was difficult to comprehensively consider the effects of other parameters such as different concentration gradients on cell migration behavior.

随后，借助Comsol Multiphysics 有限元分析软件完成了微流控芯片的仿真分析，证明了芯片上设计S型微通道和水平压力平衡通道有助于在细胞迁移主通道中形成稳定的浓度梯度。

In particular, we used COMSOL Multiphysics software to simulate the structure of the chip, which demonstrated the necessity of designing S-shaped microchannel and horizontal pressure balance channel to maintain concentration gradient.

最后，采用不同浓度（0、0.2、0.5、1.0 μmol·L ⁻¹）与糖尿病及其并发症密切相关的晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）孵育中性粒细胞，研究了其在100 nmol·L ⁻¹趋化因子fMLP浓度梯度环境中的迁移行为。

Finally, neutrophils were incubated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs, 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 μmol·L ^-1), which were closely related to diabetes mellitus and its complications. The migration behavior of incubated neutrophils was studied in the 100 nmol·L ^-1 of chemokine (N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine) concentration gradient.

结果表明，AGEs抑制了中性粒细胞的迁移能力，证明了四通道微流控芯片的可靠性和实用性。

The results prove the reliability and practicability of the microfluidic chip.

探讨医院急剧扩张情势下针灸科面临的困境及解决方法。

Under the situation of the rapid expansion of hospital, the dilemma of acupuncture-moxibustion department, as well as the relevant solutions are explored.

针灸科的服务阵地不断萎缩的主要原因为：以病分科的趋势分流了针灸科的许多适宜病种；追求经济效益的大环境导致以“简便验廉”为特点的针灸疗法发展受到制约。

The main reasons for the shrinking situation of the service in acupuncture-moxibustion department include: the disease-based department division trends to divert many diseases suitably treated in acupuncture-moxibustion department; the environment pursuing economic benefits restricts the development of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy characterized by 'simple and low-cost operation'.

针灸疗法突破困境的重要途径有三：一是改变传统针灸科坐等患者上门的服务模式，推动针灸技术走出针灸科，向其他科室渗透；二是合理提升针灸技术收费价格；三是根据针灸技术的自身特点与优势，准确定位自身在健康服务中的作用，并在社区医疗机构推广。

There are three important approaches for breaking through the dilemma of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. First, modifying the traditional service mode as waiting for patients in acupuncture-moxibustion department and promoting acupuncture and moxibustion technology to be adopted in other departments rather than limited only in acupuncture-moxibustion department. Second, increasing the charges of acupuncture and moxibustion technology rationally. Third, positioning accurately the role of acupuncture and moxibustion technology in health services based on its own characteristics and advantages and promoting it in community medical institutions.

但这都需要配套的政策引导。

All of these solutions require the guidance of supporting policies.

脑肠菌群轴在功能性胃肠疾病中的作用逐渐受到关注，根据罗马便秘Ⅳ诊断标准，将功能性胃肠疾病归类于脑肠功能互动异常，该概念的提出对功能性胃肠疾病诊疗模式的改变具有重要意义。

The role of the brain-gut microbiota axis in functional gastrointestinal diseases has been gradually recognized. According to the ROME IV diagnostic criteria, functional gastrointestinal diseases are classified as diseases caused by abnormal brain-gut interaction. This concept is of great significance to the change of diagnosis and treatment paradigm of functional gastrointestinal diseases.

慢性便秘是最为常见的功能性胃肠疾病之一，其发病机制与肠道菌群失衡、肠神经系统及脑神经递质异常密切相关，且互为因果，恶性循环。

Chronic constipation is the most common functional gastrointestinal disease. The pathogenesis of chronic constipation is closely related to the imbalance of intestinal flora, the abnormality of enteric nervous system and neurotransmitter in brain.

因此，在慢性便秘的诊疗中，脑肠菌群轴的整合理念应该得到足够的重视，国内外对于脑肠菌群轴的临床应用较为局限，这可能是慢性便秘虽然发病率高，但临床疗效欠佳的因素之一。

Therefore, in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation, enough attention should be paid to the concept of integration of brain-gut microflora axis, but the clinical application of brain-gut microflora axis is still limited. This may be one of the factors for high incidence but poor treatment efficacy of chronic constipation.

本文根据国内外研究进展和作者临床经验，就脑肠菌群轴在慢性便秘的临床意义进行阐述。

Based on the global research progress and our clinical experience, this article expounds the clinical significance of the brain-gut microbiota axis in chronic constipation.

比例和率的含义多重而交叉，这模糊了其概念的准确性。

Proportion and rate have multiple and overlapping meanings, which blur their concepts.

本文围绕事件的发生和状态的存在及其测量过程，首先指出了二者的计数有统一的基础——状态，提出了“时点状态累积数”的概念。

Based on the existence of the states and the occurrence of the events and their measuring process, we first put forward the concept of 'cumulative number of states in point time'.

基于数学上“率”的一般含义，结合指标计算元素的单位，提出了“时点状态累积数的变化量”即通常认为的“（观察期）事件发生数”或“绝对率”，并建立了相对率和比例。

Considering the general meaning of 'rate' in mathematics and the units of the elements in indexes, this paper puts forward the concept of 'the change of cumulative number of states in point time', which is equal to the commonly acknowledged concept 'number of incident event within observation period' or 'absolute rate', and further constructs relative rate and proportion.

比例有3种类型：时点（或率型）构成比例、时期发生比例及由前二者综合而成的时期构成比例。

Proportions can be classified into three types: time-point (or rate-type) constitutional proportion, time-period incidence proportion and their synthesis, time-period constitutional proportion.

相对率和时期比例的区别在于观察期是否被视为一个观察单位并移位，与时点比例的来源人群均为观察期起点人群。

The essential difference between relative rate and time-period proportions is whether the observation period is regarded as a one-unit-length fixed period which would be further moved to the description of the indexes. Furthermore, the sources populations of relative rate and proportions are exclusively those at the beginning of the observation period.

由此本文建立人群分类资料基本指标——比、比例和率统一的识别路线。

Thus, we established a unified identification route about ratios, proportions, and rates, the basic indicators of categorical data in populations.

这些论述同样地适用于关闭队列、固定队列或动态人群。

These are applicable to both fixed and dynamic populations.

本文旨在明确指标的内涵及可行的认识路线，供人群研究工作者参考。

The paper aims to clarify the connotation of the indexes and the feasible understanding route and provide some reference for the population researchers.

本文对2019年9月河北省某密封材料厂发生的一起职业性慢性苯中毒事件进行调查，并对工人的临床资料进行分析，探讨职业性慢性苯中毒的原因，总结诊治特点及治疗转归。

This article investigated an occupational chronic benzene poisoning incident that occurred in a sealing material factory in Hebei Province in September 2019, analyzed the clinical data of workers, to explore the causes of occupational chronic benzene poisoning, and summarize the diagnosis and treatment characteristics and treatment outcome.

在20名就诊工人中，根据GBZ 68-2013《职业性苯中毒的诊断》，共确诊职业性慢性苯中毒12例，诊断为职业性慢性轻度苯中毒2例、中度苯中毒7例、重度苯中毒3例。

According to GBZ 68-2013 'Diagnosis of Occupational Benzene Poisoning', a total of 12 cases of occupational chronic benzene poisoning were diagnosed among the 20 workers, including 2 cases of occupational chronic mild benzene poisoning, 7 cases of moderate benzene poisoning, and 3 cases of severe benzene poisoning.

轻度中毒及中度中毒患者经过治疗均已痊愈；重度中毒患者恢复较慢，随访1年白细胞计数仍在2.0×10(9)~3.0×10(9)/L。

Both mild and moderate poisoning patients had recovered after treatment. Severely poisoned patients had recovered more slowly, and the white blood cell count was still 2.0×10(9)-3.0×10(9)/L during the 1-year follow-up.

热敏灸因“简单易学、操作简单、疗效明确”的特点，成为适合在社区广泛普及的中医外治法适宜技术。

Heat-sensitive moxibustion is the appropriate technique of the external treatment in traditional Chinese medicine and it is widely used in community because of its 'easy learning, simple operation and clear curative effect'.

实效性随机对照试验是真实世界研究中的主要干预性研究方法，可为热敏灸社区管理效果评价提供高级别证据。

Pragmatic randomized controlled trial is a main intervention design in the real world study, which provides a high-level evidence for the effectiveness assessment of heat-sensitive moxibustion in community management.

本文聚焦区组随机、分层随机、整群随机、样本量分配、分配隐藏和盲法等随机化过程的关键环节，阐述了两阶段患者偏好随机法应用于热敏灸社区实效性随机对照试验的优缺点和技术细节，有利于提高研究的证据质量、可重复性和不同研究间的方法学同质性。

Focusing on the key links of randomization, e.g. block randomization, stratified randomization, cluster randomization, sample size allocation, allocation concealment and blinding, the paper elaborates the advantages, disadvantages and technical details of two-stage randomization with consideration of patient preference in pragmatic randomized controlled trials of heat-sensitive moxibustion in community. It facilitates improving the quality of evidence, reproducibility and methodological homogeneity among different trials.